[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163428},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method":3,"nav-reference":1617},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1610,"extension":1611,"meta":1612,"navigation":184,"path":1613,"seo":1614,"stem":1615,"__hash__":1616},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1580},"minimark",[9,19,26,29,34,105,108,117,123,130,135,138,159,162,213,215,230,239,247,251,254,266,272,275,309,311,320,325,328,371,373,381,384,398,404,409,412,430,433,483,485,494,497,565,567,576,583,586,643,645,673,682,689,693,699,702,713,715,755,757,765,768,809,811,820,823,848,851,861,873,876,893,895,973,975,1007,1010,1014,1017,1044,1046,1089,1091,1100,1112,1122,1130,1136,1141,1144,1158,1160,1212,1214,1223,1235,1239,1242,1267,1270,1350,1352,1388,1391,1470,1475,1479,1486,1492,1498,1501,1508,1511,1521,1529,1533,1542,1546,1576],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-string-strip-method","Python String ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"strip()"," Method",[20,21,22,23,25],"p",{},"The Python ",[15,24,17],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,27,28],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[30,31,33],"h2",{"id":32},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[35,36,41],"pre",{"className":37,"code":38,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n","python","",[15,42,43,67,89],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45,48,52,56,60,64],"span",{"class":46,"line":47},"line",1,[44,49,51],{"class":50},"su5hD","text ",[44,53,55],{"class":54},"smGrS","=",[44,57,59],{"class":58},"sjJ54"," \"",[44,61,63],{"class":62},"s_sjI","  hello  ",[44,65,66],{"class":58},"\"\n",[44,68,70,73,75,78,82,86],{"class":46,"line":69},2,[44,71,72],{"class":50},"clean_text ",[44,74,55],{"class":54},[44,76,77],{"class":50}," text",[44,79,81],{"class":80},"sP7_E",".",[44,83,85],{"class":84},"slqww","strip",[44,87,88],{"class":80},"()\n",[44,90,92,96,99,102],{"class":46,"line":91},3,[44,93,95],{"class":94},"sptTA","print",[44,97,98],{"class":80},"(",[44,100,101],{"class":84},"clean_text",[44,103,104],{"class":80},")\n",[20,106,107],{},"Output:",[35,109,111],{"className":37,"code":110,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"hello\n",[15,112,113],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114,115],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116,110],{"class":50},[20,118,119,120,122],{},"Use ",[15,121,17],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[30,124,126,127,129],{"id":125},"what-strip-does","What ",[15,128,17],{}," does",[20,131,132,134],{},[15,133,17],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,136,137],{},"Key points:",[139,140,141,147,150,153,156],"ul",{},[142,143,144,146],"li",{},[15,145,17],{}," returns a new string",[142,148,149],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[142,151,152],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[142,154,155],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[142,157,158],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,160,161],{},"Example:",[35,163,165],{"className":37,"code":164,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,166,167,180,186,202],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,168,169,171,173,175,178],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,170,51],{"class":50},[44,172,55],{"class":54},[44,174,59],{"class":58},[44,176,177],{"class":62},"  hello world  ",[44,179,66],{"class":58},[44,181,182],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,183,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},true,"\n",[44,187,188,190,192,195,197,199],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,189,95],{"class":94},[44,191,98],{"class":80},[44,193,194],{"class":84},"text",[44,196,81],{"class":80},[44,198,85],{"class":84},[44,200,201],{"class":80},"())\n",[44,203,205,207,209,211],{"class":46,"line":204},4,[44,206,95],{"class":94},[44,208,98],{"class":80},[44,210,194],{"class":84},[44,212,104],{"class":80},[20,214,107],{},[35,216,218],{"className":37,"code":217,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,219,220,225],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,221,222],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,223,224],{"class":50},"hello world\n",[44,226,227],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,228,229],{"class":50},"  hello world\n",[20,231,232,233,235,236,238],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,234,17],{},", but the original ",[15,237,194],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,240,241,242,81],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[243,244,246],"a",{"href":245},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained: basics and examples",[30,248,250],{"id":249},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,252,253],{},"There are two common forms:",[139,255,256,261],{},[142,257,258],{},[15,259,260],{},"string.strip()",[142,262,263],{},[15,264,265],{},"string.strip(chars)",[267,268,270],"h3",{"id":269},"stringstrip",[15,271,260],{},[20,273,274],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[35,276,278],{"className":37,"code":277,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,279,280,294],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,281,282,285,287,289,292],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,283,284],{"class":50},"name ",[44,286,55],{"class":54},[44,288,59],{"class":58},[44,290,291],{"class":62},"  Alice  ",[44,293,66],{"class":58},[44,295,296,298,300,303,305,307],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,297,95],{"class":94},[44,299,98],{"class":80},[44,301,302],{"class":84},"name",[44,304,81],{"class":80},[44,306,85],{"class":84},[44,308,201],{"class":80},[20,310,107],{},[35,312,314],{"className":37,"code":313,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Alice\n",[15,315,316],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,317,318],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,319,313],{"class":50},[267,321,323],{"id":322},"stringstripchars",[15,324,265],{},[20,326,327],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[35,329,331],{"className":37,"code":330,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,332,333,346],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,334,335,337,339,341,344],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,336,51],{"class":50},[44,338,55],{"class":54},[44,340,59],{"class":58},[44,342,343],{"class":62},"!!hello??",[44,345,66],{"class":58},[44,347,348,350,352,354,356,358,360,363,366,368],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,349,95],{"class":94},[44,351,98],{"class":80},[44,353,194],{"class":84},[44,355,81],{"class":80},[44,357,85],{"class":84},[44,359,98],{"class":80},[44,361,362],{"class":58},"\"",[44,364,365],{"class":62},"!?",[44,367,362],{"class":58},[44,369,370],{"class":80},"))\n",[20,372,107],{},[35,374,375],{"className":37,"code":110,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,376,377],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,378,379],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,380,110],{"class":50},[20,382,383],{},"Important:",[139,385,386,392],{},[142,387,388,391],{},[15,389,390],{},"chars"," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[142,393,394,395,397],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,396,390],{}," does not matter",[30,399,401,402],{"id":400},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,403,17],{},[20,405,406,407,81],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,408,17],{},[20,410,411],{},"It is useful for:",[139,413,414,421,424,427],{},[142,415,416,417,420],{},"Cleaning ",[15,418,419],{},"input()"," values",[142,422,423],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[142,425,426],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[142,428,429],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,431,432],{},"Example with user input:",[35,434,436],{"className":37,"code":435,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,437,438,452,468,472],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,439,440,443,445,447,450],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,441,442],{"class":50},"username ",[44,444,55],{"class":54},[44,446,59],{"class":58},[44,448,449],{"class":62},"  sam  ",[44,451,66],{"class":58},[44,453,454,457,459,462,464,466],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,455,456],{"class":50},"clean_username ",[44,458,55],{"class":54},[44,460,461],{"class":50}," username",[44,463,81],{"class":80},[44,465,85],{"class":84},[44,467,88],{"class":80},[44,469,470],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,471,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,473,474,476,478,481],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,475,95],{"class":94},[44,477,98],{"class":80},[44,479,480],{"class":84},"clean_username",[44,482,104],{"class":80},[20,484,107],{},[35,486,488],{"className":37,"code":487,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sam\n",[15,489,490],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,491,492],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,493,487],{"class":50},[20,495,496],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[35,498,500],{"className":37,"code":499,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,501,502,516,520,549],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,503,504,507,509,511,514],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,505,506],{"class":50},"answer ",[44,508,55],{"class":54},[44,510,59],{"class":58},[44,512,513],{"class":62}," yes  ",[44,515,66],{"class":58},[44,517,518],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,519,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,521,522,526,529,531,533,536,539,541,544,546],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,523,525],{"class":524},"sVHd0","if",[44,527,528],{"class":50}," answer",[44,530,81],{"class":80},[44,532,85],{"class":84},[44,534,535],{"class":80},"()",[44,537,538],{"class":54}," ==",[44,540,59],{"class":58},[44,542,543],{"class":62},"yes",[44,545,362],{"class":58},[44,547,548],{"class":80},":\n",[44,550,551,554,556,558,561,563],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,552,553],{"class":94},"    print",[44,555,98],{"class":80},[44,557,362],{"class":58},[44,559,560],{"class":62},"Matched",[44,562,362],{"class":58},[44,564,104],{"class":80},[20,566,107],{},[35,568,570],{"className":37,"code":569,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Matched\n",[15,571,572],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,573,574],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,575,569],{"class":50},[20,577,578,579,81],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[243,580,582],{"href":581},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,584,585],{},"Example with file-style text:",[35,587,589],{"className":37,"code":588,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,590,591,609,624],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,592,593,596,598,600,603,607],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,594,595],{"class":50},"line ",[44,597,55],{"class":54},[44,599,59],{"class":58},[44,601,602],{"class":62},"Python basics",[44,604,606],{"class":605},"s_hVV","\\n",[44,608,66],{"class":58},[44,610,611,613,615,618,620,622],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,612,95],{"class":94},[44,614,98],{"class":80},[44,616,617],{"class":94},"repr",[44,619,98],{"class":80},[44,621,46],{"class":84},[44,623,370],{"class":80},[44,625,626,628,630,632,634,636,638,640],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,627,95],{"class":94},[44,629,98],{"class":80},[44,631,617],{"class":94},[44,633,98],{"class":80},[44,635,46],{"class":84},[44,637,81],{"class":80},[44,639,85],{"class":84},[44,641,642],{"class":80},"()))\n",[20,644,107],{},[35,646,648],{"className":37,"code":647,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,649,650,665],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,651,652,656,659,662],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,653,655],{"class":654},"s2W-s","'",[44,657,602],{"class":658},"sithA",[44,660,606],{"class":661},"sfi6f",[44,663,664],{"class":654},"'\n",[44,666,667,669,671],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,668,655],{"class":654},[44,670,602],{"class":658},[44,672,664],{"class":654},[20,674,675,676,679,680,81],{},"Using ",[15,677,678],{},"repr()"," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,681,606],{},[20,683,684,685,81],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[243,686,688],{"href":687},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","how to read a file line by line in Python",[30,690,692],{"id":691},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,694,695,696,81],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,697,698],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,700,701],{},"Python will:",[139,703,704,707,710],{},[142,705,706],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[142,708,709],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[142,711,712],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,714,161],{},[35,716,718],{"className":37,"code":717,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,719,720,733],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,721,722,724,726,728,731],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,723,51],{"class":50},[44,725,55],{"class":54},[44,727,59],{"class":58},[44,729,730],{"class":62},"??hello!!",[44,732,66],{"class":58},[44,734,735,737,739,741,743,745,747,749,751,753],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,736,95],{"class":94},[44,738,98],{"class":80},[44,740,194],{"class":84},[44,742,81],{"class":80},[44,744,85],{"class":84},[44,746,98],{"class":80},[44,748,362],{"class":58},[44,750,365],{"class":62},[44,752,362],{"class":58},[44,754,370],{"class":80},[20,756,107],{},[35,758,759],{"className":37,"code":110,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,760,761],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,762,763],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,764,110],{"class":50},[20,766,767],{},"Another example:",[35,769,771],{"className":37,"code":770,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,772,773,786],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,774,775,777,779,781,784],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,776,51],{"class":50},[44,778,55],{"class":54},[44,780,59],{"class":58},[44,782,783],{"class":62},"abcHelloCba",[44,785,66],{"class":58},[44,787,788,790,792,794,796,798,800,802,805,807],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,789,95],{"class":94},[44,791,98],{"class":80},[44,793,194],{"class":84},[44,795,81],{"class":80},[44,797,85],{"class":84},[44,799,98],{"class":80},[44,801,362],{"class":58},[44,803,804],{"class":62},"abc",[44,806,362],{"class":58},[44,808,370],{"class":80},[20,810,107],{},[35,812,814],{"className":37,"code":813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HelloC\n",[15,815,816],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,817,818],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,819,813],{"class":50},[20,821,822],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,824,825,828,829,833,834,836,837,839,840,843,844,847],{},[15,826,827],{},"strip(\"abc\")"," does ",[830,831,832],"strong",{},"not"," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,835,804],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,838,243],{},", ",[15,841,842],{},"b",", or ",[15,845,846],{},"c"," characters from both ends”.",[20,849,850],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,852,853,854,860],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[243,855,857],{"href":856},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,858,859],{},"replace()"," instead.",[30,862,864,866,867,866,870],{"id":863},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,865,17],{}," vs ",[15,868,869],{},"lstrip()",[15,871,872],{},"rstrip()",[20,874,875],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[139,877,878,883,888],{},[142,879,880,882],{},[15,881,17],{}," removes from both ends",[142,884,885,887],{},[15,886,869],{}," removes from the left side only",[142,889,890,892],{},[15,891,872],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,894,161],{},[35,896,898],{"className":37,"code":897,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,899,900,912,916,934,953],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,901,902,904,906,908,910],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,903,51],{"class":50},[44,905,55],{"class":54},[44,907,59],{"class":58},[44,909,63],{"class":62},[44,911,66],{"class":58},[44,913,914],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,915,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,917,918,920,922,924,926,928,930,932],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,919,95],{"class":94},[44,921,98],{"class":80},[44,923,617],{"class":94},[44,925,98],{"class":80},[44,927,194],{"class":84},[44,929,81],{"class":80},[44,931,85],{"class":84},[44,933,642],{"class":80},[44,935,936,938,940,942,944,946,948,951],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,937,95],{"class":94},[44,939,98],{"class":80},[44,941,617],{"class":94},[44,943,98],{"class":80},[44,945,194],{"class":84},[44,947,81],{"class":80},[44,949,950],{"class":84},"lstrip",[44,952,642],{"class":80},[44,954,956,958,960,962,964,966,968,971],{"class":46,"line":955},5,[44,957,95],{"class":94},[44,959,98],{"class":80},[44,961,617],{"class":94},[44,963,98],{"class":80},[44,965,194],{"class":84},[44,967,81],{"class":80},[44,969,970],{"class":84},"rstrip",[44,972,642],{"class":80},[20,974,107],{},[35,976,978],{"className":37,"code":977,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,979,980,989,998],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,981,982,984,987],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,983,655],{"class":654},[44,985,986],{"class":658},"hello",[44,988,664],{"class":654},[44,990,991,993,996],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,992,655],{"class":654},[44,994,995],{"class":658},"hello  ",[44,997,664],{"class":654},[44,999,1000,1002,1005],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,1001,655],{"class":654},[44,1003,1004],{"class":658},"  hello",[44,1006,664],{"class":654},[20,1008,1009],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[30,1011,1013],{"id":1012},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,1015,1016],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[139,1018,1019,1028,1038,1041],{},[142,1020,1021,1023,1024,1027],{},[15,1022,827],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,1025,1026],{},"\"abc\""," once",[142,1029,1030,1031,839,1033,843,1035,1037],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,1032,243],{},[15,1034,842],{},[15,1036,846],{}," from both ends",[142,1039,1040],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[142,1042,1043],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,1045,161],{},[35,1047,1049],{"className":37,"code":1048,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,1050,1051,1065],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1052,1053,1056,1058,1060,1063],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1054,1055],{"class":50},"filename ",[44,1057,55],{"class":54},[44,1059,59],{"class":58},[44,1061,1062],{"class":62},"txt_report.txt",[44,1064,66],{"class":58},[44,1066,1067,1069,1071,1074,1076,1078,1080,1082,1085,1087],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,1068,95],{"class":94},[44,1070,98],{"class":80},[44,1072,1073],{"class":84},"filename",[44,1075,81],{"class":80},[44,1077,85],{"class":84},[44,1079,98],{"class":80},[44,1081,362],{"class":58},[44,1083,1084],{"class":62},".txt",[44,1086,362],{"class":58},[44,1088,370],{"class":80},[20,1090,107],{},[35,1092,1094],{"className":37,"code":1093,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"_report\n",[15,1095,1096],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1097,1098],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1099,1093],{"class":50},[20,1101,1102,1103,839,1105,843,1108,1111],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,1104,81],{},[15,1106,1107],{},"t",[15,1109,1110],{},"x"," characters from both ends.",[20,1113,1114,1115,1118,1119,1121],{},"So ",[15,1116,1117],{},"strip(\".txt\")"," is ",[830,1120,832],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,1123,1124,1125,1129],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[243,1126,1127],{"href":856},[15,1128,859],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[30,1131,1133,1134],{"id":1132},"when-to-use-strip","When to use ",[15,1135,17],{},[20,1137,119,1138,1140],{},[15,1139,17],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,1142,1143],{},"Common cases:",[139,1145,1146,1150,1152,1155],{},[142,1147,416,1148,420],{},[15,1149,419],{},[142,1151,423],{},[142,1153,1154],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[142,1156,1157],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,1159,161],{},[35,1161,1163],{"className":37,"code":1162,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,1164,1165,1179,1183,1197],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1166,1167,1170,1172,1174,1177],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1168,1169],{"class":50},"email ",[44,1171,55],{"class":54},[44,1173,59],{"class":58},[44,1175,1176],{"class":62},"  user@example.com  ",[44,1178,66],{"class":58},[44,1180,1181],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,1182,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,1184,1185,1187,1190,1192,1194],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,1186,525],{"class":524},[44,1188,1189],{"class":50}," email",[44,1191,81],{"class":80},[44,1193,85],{"class":84},[44,1195,1196],{"class":80},"():\n",[44,1198,1199,1201,1203,1205,1208,1210],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,1200,553],{"class":94},[44,1202,98],{"class":80},[44,1204,362],{"class":58},[44,1206,1207],{"class":62},"Email was entered",[44,1209,362],{"class":58},[44,1211,104],{"class":80},[20,1213,107],{},[35,1215,1217],{"className":37,"code":1216,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Email was entered\n",[15,1218,1219],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1220,1221],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1222,1216],{"class":50},[20,1224,1225,1226,1228,1229,81],{},"You may also combine ",[15,1227,17],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[243,1230,1232],{"href":1231},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,1233,1234],{},"lower()",[30,1236,1238],{"id":1237},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[20,1240,1241],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[139,1243,1244,1250,1255,1260],{},[142,1245,1246,1247,1249],{},"Expecting ",[15,1248,17],{}," to change the original string",[142,1251,1246,1252,1254],{},[15,1253,17],{}," to remove text from the middle",[142,1256,675,1257,1259],{},[15,1258,1117],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[142,1261,1262,1263,1266],{},"Forgetting that ",[15,1264,1265],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,1268,1269],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[35,1271,1273],{"className":37,"code":1272,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,1274,1275,1289,1293,1303,1317,1331],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1276,1277,1279,1281,1283,1285,1287],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1278,51],{"class":50},[44,1280,55],{"class":54},[44,1282,59],{"class":58},[44,1284,1004],{"class":62},[44,1286,606],{"class":605},[44,1288,66],{"class":58},[44,1290,1291],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,1292,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,1294,1295,1297,1299,1301],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,1296,95],{"class":94},[44,1298,98],{"class":80},[44,1300,194],{"class":84},[44,1302,104],{"class":80},[44,1304,1305,1307,1309,1311,1313,1315],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,1306,95],{"class":94},[44,1308,98],{"class":80},[44,1310,617],{"class":94},[44,1312,98],{"class":80},[44,1314,194],{"class":84},[44,1316,370],{"class":80},[44,1318,1319,1321,1323,1325,1327,1329],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,1320,95],{"class":94},[44,1322,98],{"class":80},[44,1324,194],{"class":84},[44,1326,81],{"class":80},[44,1328,85],{"class":84},[44,1330,201],{"class":80},[44,1332,1334,1336,1338,1340,1342,1344,1346,1348],{"class":46,"line":1333},6,[44,1335,95],{"class":94},[44,1337,98],{"class":80},[44,1339,617],{"class":94},[44,1341,98],{"class":80},[44,1343,194],{"class":84},[44,1345,81],{"class":80},[44,1347,85],{"class":84},[44,1349,642],{"class":80},[20,1351,107],{},[35,1353,1355],{"className":37,"code":1354,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,1356,1357,1362,1366,1376,1380],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1358,1359],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1360,1361],{"class":50},"  hello\n",[44,1363,1364],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,1365,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,1367,1368,1370,1372,1374],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,1369,655],{"class":654},[44,1371,1004],{"class":658},[44,1373,606],{"class":661},[44,1375,664],{"class":654},[44,1377,1378],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,1379,110],{"class":50},[44,1381,1382,1384,1386],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,1383,655],{"class":654},[44,1385,986],{"class":658},[44,1387,664],{"class":654},[20,1389,1390],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[35,1392,1394],{"className":37,"code":1393,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,1395,1396,1406,1420,1434,1452],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1397,1398,1400,1402,1404],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1399,95],{"class":94},[44,1401,98],{"class":80},[44,1403,194],{"class":84},[44,1405,104],{"class":80},[44,1407,1408,1410,1412,1414,1416,1418],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,1409,95],{"class":94},[44,1411,98],{"class":80},[44,1413,617],{"class":94},[44,1415,98],{"class":80},[44,1417,194],{"class":84},[44,1419,370],{"class":80},[44,1421,1422,1424,1426,1428,1430,1432],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,1423,95],{"class":94},[44,1425,98],{"class":80},[44,1427,194],{"class":84},[44,1429,81],{"class":80},[44,1431,85],{"class":84},[44,1433,201],{"class":80},[44,1435,1436,1438,1440,1442,1444,1446,1448,1450],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,1437,95],{"class":94},[44,1439,98],{"class":80},[44,1441,617],{"class":94},[44,1443,98],{"class":80},[44,1445,194],{"class":84},[44,1447,81],{"class":80},[44,1449,85],{"class":84},[44,1451,642],{"class":80},[44,1453,1454,1457,1459,1463,1465,1468],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,1455,1456],{"class":94},"help",[44,1458,98],{"class":80},[44,1460,1462],{"class":1461},"sZMiF","str",[44,1464,81],{"class":80},[44,1466,85],{"class":1467},"skxfh",[44,1469,104],{"class":80},[20,1471,1472,1474],{},[15,1473,678],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[30,1476,1478],{"id":1477},"faq","FAQ",[267,1480,1482,1483,1485],{"id":1481},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string","Does ",[15,1484,17],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,1487,1488,1489,1491],{},"No. ",[15,1490,17],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[267,1493,1482,1495,1497],{"id":1494},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,1496,17],{}," change the original string?",[20,1499,1500],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[267,1502,1504,1505,1507],{"id":1503},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default","What does ",[15,1506,17],{}," remove by default?",[20,1509,1510],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[267,1512,1514,1515,1517,1518,1520],{"id":1513},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace","How is ",[15,1516,17],{}," different from ",[15,1519,859],{},"?",[20,1522,1523,1525,1526,1528],{},[15,1524,17],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,1527,859],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[267,1530,1532],{"id":1531},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,1534,1535,1536,1538,1539,1541],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,1537,869],{}," for the left side and ",[15,1540,872],{}," for the right side.",[30,1543,1545],{"id":1544},"see-also","See also",[139,1547,1548,1556,1562,1567,1572],{},[142,1549,1550],{},[243,1551,1552,1553,1555],{"href":1231},"Python string ",[15,1554,1234],{}," method",[142,1557,1558],{},[243,1559,1552,1560,1555],{"href":856},[15,1561,859],{},[142,1563,1564],{},[243,1565,1566],{"href":581},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[142,1568,1569],{},[243,1570,1571],{"href":687},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[142,1573,1574],{},[243,1575,246],{"href":245},[1577,1578,1579],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sfi6f, html code.shiki .sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":1581},[1582,1583,1585,1589,1591,1592,1594,1595,1597,1598,1609],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":125,"depth":69,"text":1584},"What strip() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250,"children":1586},[1587,1588],{"id":269,"depth":91,"text":260},{"id":322,"depth":91,"text":265},{"id":400,"depth":69,"text":1590},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":691,"depth":69,"text":692},{"id":863,"depth":69,"text":1593},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":1012,"depth":69,"text":1013},{"id":1132,"depth":69,"text":1596},"When to use strip()",{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":1599},[1600,1602,1604,1606,1608],{"id":1481,"depth":91,"text":1601},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":1494,"depth":91,"text":1603},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":1503,"depth":91,"text":1605},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":1513,"depth":91,"text":1607},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":1531,"depth":91,"text":1532},{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":5,"description":1610},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",[1618,3226,4940,6636,8769,10971,12490,14666,16873,19333,21172,23737,25835,28116,30063,31972,33966,35403,37231,39756,41914,43140,44511,46158,48478,50322,52302,53995,55248,56942,58693,60665,62415,64514,65874,67825,69388,71379,73174,75074,77516,79594,82234,84261,86224,88410,90414,92727,94409,95854,97048,98226,100066,102506,104210,106225,107749,108992,110155,111537,113608,115505,117279,119145,121264,123003,124460,126051,127970,129646,131579,133068,135850,137425,138983,141011,142963,144256,145445,147331,148742,150438,151992,153414,154817,156715,159109,160940],{"id":1619,"title":1620,"body":1621,"description":3220,"extension":1611,"meta":3221,"navigation":184,"path":3222,"seo":3223,"stem":3224,"__hash__":3225},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1622,"toc":3192},[1623,1626,1633,1636,1647,1650,1654,1721,1723,1743,1748,1752,1757,1760,1776,1779,1805,1808,1810,1813,1828,1831,1856,1858,1918,1920,1935,1945,1956,1960,1963,2017,2019,2039,2042,2066,2073,2077,2082,2088,2090,2129,2131,2140,2146,2164,2167,2179,2183,2188,2192,2195,2216,2218,2276,2278,2286,2289,2293,2325,2327,2335,2338,2342,2347,2395,2397,2405,2409,2469,2471,2479,2482,2484,2488,2491,2514,2523,2540,2591,2593,2608,2618,2622,2625,2657,2664,2668,2673,2714,2716,2727,2730,2773,2775,2783,2787,2792,2814,2816,2825,2834,2838,2843,2865,2867,2938,2940,2991,2994,2997,3000,3079,3081,3111,3113,3117,3120,3124,3127,3131,3134,3138,3150,3154,3157,3159,3189],[10,1624,1620],{"id":1625},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,1627,1628,1629,1632],{},"The ",[15,1630,1631],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1634,1635],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[139,1637,1638,1641,1644],{},[142,1639,1640],{},"a number without its negative sign",[142,1642,1643],{},"the distance between two numbers",[142,1645,1646],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,1648,1649],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[30,1651,1653],{"id":1652},"quick-example","Quick example",[35,1655,1657],{"className":37,"code":1656,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,1658,1659,1679,1694],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1660,1661,1663,1665,1668,1670,1673,1677],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1662,95],{"class":94},[44,1664,98],{"class":80},[44,1666,1667],{"class":94},"abs",[44,1669,98],{"class":80},[44,1671,1672],{"class":54},"-",[44,1674,1676],{"class":1675},"srdBf","7",[44,1678,370],{"class":80},[44,1680,1681,1683,1685,1687,1689,1692],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,1682,95],{"class":94},[44,1684,98],{"class":80},[44,1686,1667],{"class":94},[44,1688,98],{"class":80},[44,1690,1691],{"class":1675},"3.5",[44,1693,370],{"class":80},[44,1695,1696,1698,1700,1702,1704,1706,1709,1712,1715,1719],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,1697,95],{"class":94},[44,1699,98],{"class":80},[44,1701,1667],{"class":94},[44,1703,98],{"class":80},[44,1705,1672],{"class":54},[44,1707,1708],{"class":1675},"2",[44,1710,1711],{"class":54},"+",[44,1713,1714],{"class":1675},"3",[44,1716,1718],{"class":1717},"sbsja","j",[44,1720,370],{"class":80},[20,1722,107],{},[35,1724,1726],{"className":37,"code":1725,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,1727,1728,1733,1738],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1729,1730],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1731,1732],{"class":1675},"7\n",[44,1734,1735],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,1736,1737],{"class":1675},"3.5\n",[44,1739,1740],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,1741,1742],{"class":1675},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,1744,119,1745,1747],{},[15,1746,1631],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[30,1749,1751],{"id":1750},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,1753,1754,1756],{},[15,1755,1631],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1758,1759],{},"That means:",[139,1761,1762,1765,1768],{},[142,1763,1764],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[142,1766,1767],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[142,1769,1770,1773,1774],{},[15,1771,1772],{},"0"," stays ",[15,1775,1772],{},[20,1777,1778],{},"Examples:",[139,1780,1781,1790,1798],{},[142,1782,1783,1786,1787],{},[15,1784,1785],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,1788,1789],{},"5",[142,1791,1792,1786,1795],{},[15,1793,1794],{},"abs(9)",[15,1796,1797],{},"9",[142,1799,1800,1786,1803],{},[15,1801,1802],{},"abs(0)",[15,1804,1772],{},[20,1806,1807],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[30,1809,250],{"id":249},[20,1811,1812],{},"The syntax is:",[35,1814,1816],{"className":37,"code":1815,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"abs(x)\n",[15,1817,1818],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1819,1820,1822,1824,1826],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1821,1667],{"class":94},[44,1823,98],{"class":80},[44,1825,1110],{"class":84},[44,1827,104],{"class":80},[20,1829,1830],{},"Here:",[139,1832,1833,1848,1853],{},[142,1834,1835,1837,1838,839,1841,843,1844,1847],{},[15,1836,1110],{}," is usually an ",[15,1839,1840],{},"int",[15,1842,1843],{},"float",[15,1845,1846],{},"complex"," number",[142,1849,1850,1852],{},[15,1851,1631],{}," returns a new value",[142,1854,1855],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,1857,161],{},[35,1859,1861],{"className":37,"code":1860,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,1862,1863,1876,1893,1897,1907],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1864,1865,1868,1870,1873],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1866,1867],{"class":50},"number ",[44,1869,55],{"class":54},[44,1871,1872],{"class":54}," -",[44,1874,1875],{"class":1675},"12\n",[44,1877,1878,1881,1883,1886,1888,1891],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,1879,1880],{"class":50},"result ",[44,1882,55],{"class":54},[44,1884,1885],{"class":94}," abs",[44,1887,98],{"class":80},[44,1889,1890],{"class":84},"number",[44,1892,104],{"class":80},[44,1894,1895],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,1896,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,1898,1899,1901,1903,1905],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,1900,95],{"class":94},[44,1902,98],{"class":80},[44,1904,1890],{"class":84},[44,1906,104],{"class":80},[44,1908,1909,1911,1913,1916],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,1910,95],{"class":94},[44,1912,98],{"class":80},[44,1914,1915],{"class":84},"result",[44,1917,104],{"class":80},[20,1919,107],{},[35,1921,1923],{"className":37,"code":1922,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-12\n12\n",[15,1924,1925,1931],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1926,1927,1929],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1928,1672],{"class":54},[44,1930,1875],{"class":1675},[44,1932,1933],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,1934,1875],{"class":1675},[20,1936,1937,1938,1940,1941,1944],{},"Notice that ",[15,1939,1890],{}," is still ",[15,1942,1943],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,1946,1947,1948,1955],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[243,1949,1951,1954],{"href":1950},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,1952,1953],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[30,1957,1959],{"id":1958},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,1961,1962],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[35,1964,1966],{"className":37,"code":1965,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,1967,1968,1985,2000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1969,1970,1972,1974,1976,1978,1980,1983],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1971,95],{"class":94},[44,1973,98],{"class":80},[44,1975,1667],{"class":94},[44,1977,98],{"class":80},[44,1979,1672],{"class":54},[44,1981,1982],{"class":1675},"10",[44,1984,370],{"class":80},[44,1986,1987,1989,1991,1993,1995,1998],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,1988,95],{"class":94},[44,1990,98],{"class":80},[44,1992,1667],{"class":94},[44,1994,98],{"class":80},[44,1996,1997],{"class":1675},"8",[44,1999,370],{"class":80},[44,2001,2002,2004,2006,2008,2010,2012,2015],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,2003,95],{"class":94},[44,2005,98],{"class":80},[44,2007,1667],{"class":94},[44,2009,98],{"class":80},[44,2011,1672],{"class":54},[44,2013,2014],{"class":1675},"4.2",[44,2016,370],{"class":80},[20,2018,107],{},[35,2020,2022],{"className":37,"code":2021,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2023,2024,2029,2034],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2025,2026],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2027,2028],{"class":1675},"10\n",[44,2030,2031],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,2032,2033],{"class":1675},"8\n",[44,2035,2036],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,2037,2038],{"class":1675},"4.2\n",[20,2040,2041],{},"What each line does:",[139,2043,2044,2052,2059],{},[142,2045,2046,2049,2050],{},[15,2047,2048],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,2051,1982],{},[142,2053,2054,2049,2057],{},[15,2055,2056],{},"abs(8)",[15,2058,1997],{},[142,2060,2061,2049,2064],{},[15,2062,2063],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2065,2014],{},[20,2067,2068,2069,81],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[243,2070,2072],{"href":2071},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[30,2074,2076],{"id":2075},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2078,2079,2081],{},[15,2080,1631],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2083,2084,2085,2087],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2086,1772],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2089,161],{},[35,2091,2093],{"className":37,"code":2092,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2094,2095,2114],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2096,2097,2100,2102,2105,2108,2111],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2098,2099],{"class":50},"value ",[44,2101,55],{"class":54},[44,2103,2104],{"class":1675}," 3",[44,2106,2107],{"class":54}," +",[44,2109,2110],{"class":1675}," 4",[44,2112,2113],{"class":1717},"j\n",[44,2115,2116,2118,2120,2122,2124,2127],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,2117,95],{"class":94},[44,2119,98],{"class":80},[44,2121,1667],{"class":94},[44,2123,98],{"class":80},[44,2125,2126],{"class":84},"value",[44,2128,370],{"class":80},[20,2130,107],{},[35,2132,2134],{"className":37,"code":2133,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.0\n",[15,2135,2136],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2137,2138],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2139,2133],{"class":1675},[20,2141,2142,2143,1520],{},"Why ",[15,2144,2145],{},"5.0",[139,2147,2148,2153,2159],{},[142,2149,2150,2151],{},"the real part is ",[15,2152,1714],{},[142,2154,2155,2156],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2157,2158],{},"4",[142,2160,2161,2162],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2163,2145],{},[20,2165,2166],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[139,2168,2169,2176],{},[142,2170,2171,2173,2174],{},[15,2172,1631],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2175,1843],{},[142,2177,2178],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[30,2180,2182],{"id":2181},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2184,2185,2186,81],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2187,1631],{},[267,2189,2191],{"id":2190},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2193,2194],{},"A very common pattern is:",[35,2196,2198],{"className":37,"code":2197,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2199,2200],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2201,2202,2204,2206,2209,2211,2214],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2203,1667],{"class":94},[44,2205,98],{"class":80},[44,2207,2208],{"class":84},"a ",[44,2210,1672],{"class":54},[44,2212,2213],{"class":84}," b",[44,2215,104],{"class":80},[20,2217,161],{},[35,2219,2221],{"className":37,"code":2220,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2222,2223,2232,2242,2246,2265],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2224,2225,2227,2229],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2226,2208],{"class":50},[44,2228,55],{"class":54},[44,2230,2231],{"class":1675}," 3\n",[44,2233,2234,2237,2239],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,2235,2236],{"class":50},"b ",[44,2238,55],{"class":54},[44,2240,2241],{"class":1675}," 10\n",[44,2243,2244],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,2245,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,2247,2248,2251,2253,2255,2257,2259,2261,2263],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,2249,2250],{"class":50},"distance ",[44,2252,55],{"class":54},[44,2254,1885],{"class":94},[44,2256,98],{"class":80},[44,2258,2208],{"class":84},[44,2260,1672],{"class":54},[44,2262,2213],{"class":84},[44,2264,104],{"class":80},[44,2266,2267,2269,2271,2274],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,2268,95],{"class":94},[44,2270,98],{"class":80},[44,2272,2273],{"class":84},"distance",[44,2275,104],{"class":80},[20,2277,107],{},[35,2279,2280],{"className":37,"code":1732,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,2281,2282],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2283,2284],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2285,1732],{"class":1675},[20,2287,2288],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[267,2290,2292],{"id":2291},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[35,2294,2296],{"className":37,"code":2295,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2297,2298,2310],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2299,2300,2303,2305,2307],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2301,2302],{"class":50},"temperature_change ",[44,2304,55],{"class":54},[44,2306,1872],{"class":54},[44,2308,2309],{"class":1675},"6\n",[44,2311,2312,2314,2316,2318,2320,2323],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,2313,95],{"class":94},[44,2315,98],{"class":80},[44,2317,1667],{"class":94},[44,2319,98],{"class":80},[44,2321,2322],{"class":84},"temperature_change",[44,2324,370],{"class":80},[20,2326,107],{},[35,2328,2329],{"className":37,"code":2309,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,2330,2331],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2332,2333],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2334,2309],{"class":1675},[20,2336,2337],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[267,2339,2341],{"id":2340},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2343,2344,2345,1955],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2346,1631],{},[35,2348,2350],{"className":37,"code":2349,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2351,2352,2364,2380,2384],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2353,2354,2357,2359,2361],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2355,2356],{"class":50},"balance_change ",[44,2358,55],{"class":54},[44,2360,1872],{"class":54},[44,2362,2363],{"class":1675},"25\n",[44,2365,2366,2369,2371,2373,2375,2378],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,2367,2368],{"class":50},"safe_value ",[44,2370,55],{"class":54},[44,2372,1885],{"class":94},[44,2374,98],{"class":80},[44,2376,2377],{"class":84},"balance_change",[44,2379,104],{"class":80},[44,2381,2382],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,2383,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,2385,2386,2388,2390,2393],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,2387,95],{"class":94},[44,2389,98],{"class":80},[44,2391,2392],{"class":84},"safe_value",[44,2394,104],{"class":80},[20,2396,107],{},[35,2398,2399],{"className":37,"code":2363,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,2400,2401],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2402,2403],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2404,2363],{"class":1675},[267,2406,2408],{"id":2407},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[35,2410,2412],{"className":37,"code":2411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2413,2414,2424,2434,2438,2458],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2415,2416,2419,2421],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2417,2418],{"class":50},"guess ",[44,2420,55],{"class":54},[44,2422,2423],{"class":1675}," 42\n",[44,2425,2426,2429,2431],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,2427,2428],{"class":50},"target ",[44,2430,55],{"class":54},[44,2432,2433],{"class":1675}," 50\n",[44,2435,2436],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,2437,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,2439,2440,2443,2445,2447,2449,2451,2453,2456],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,2441,2442],{"class":50},"difference ",[44,2444,55],{"class":54},[44,2446,1885],{"class":94},[44,2448,98],{"class":80},[44,2450,2418],{"class":84},[44,2452,1672],{"class":54},[44,2454,2455],{"class":84}," target",[44,2457,104],{"class":80},[44,2459,2460,2462,2464,2467],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,2461,95],{"class":94},[44,2463,98],{"class":80},[44,2465,2466],{"class":84},"difference",[44,2468,104],{"class":80},[20,2470,107],{},[35,2472,2473],{"className":37,"code":2033,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,2474,2475],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2476,2477],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2478,2033],{"class":1675},[20,2480,2481],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[30,2483,1238],{"id":1237},[267,2485,2487],{"id":2486},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2489,2490],{},"This causes an error:",[35,2492,2494],{"className":37,"code":2493,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2495,2496],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2497,2498,2500,2502,2504,2506,2508,2510,2512],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2499,95],{"class":94},[44,2501,98],{"class":80},[44,2503,1667],{"class":94},[44,2505,98],{"class":80},[44,2507,362],{"class":58},[44,2509,1789],{"class":62},[44,2511,362],{"class":58},[44,2513,370],{"class":80},[20,2515,2516,2519,2520,2522],{},[15,2517,2518],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2521,1631],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2524,2525,2526,2532,2533,2539],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[243,2527,2529],{"href":2528},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,2530,2531],{},"int()"," or ",[243,2534,2536],{"href":2535},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,2537,2538],{},"float()",":",[35,2541,2543],{"className":37,"code":2542,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,2544,2545,2568],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2546,2547,2549,2551,2553,2555,2557,2559,2561,2563,2565],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2548,95],{"class":94},[44,2550,98],{"class":80},[44,2552,1667],{"class":94},[44,2554,98],{"class":80},[44,2556,1840],{"class":1461},[44,2558,98],{"class":80},[44,2560,362],{"class":58},[44,2562,1789],{"class":62},[44,2564,362],{"class":58},[44,2566,2567],{"class":80},")))\n",[44,2569,2570,2572,2574,2576,2578,2580,2582,2584,2587,2589],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,2571,95],{"class":94},[44,2573,98],{"class":80},[44,2575,1667],{"class":94},[44,2577,98],{"class":80},[44,2579,1843],{"class":1461},[44,2581,98],{"class":80},[44,2583,362],{"class":58},[44,2585,2586],{"class":62},"-3.2",[44,2588,362],{"class":58},[44,2590,2567],{"class":80},[20,2592,107],{},[35,2594,2596],{"className":37,"code":2595,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n3.2\n",[15,2597,2598,2603],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2599,2600],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2601,2602],{"class":1675},"5\n",[44,2604,2605],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,2606,2607],{"class":1675},"3.2\n",[20,2609,2610,2611,2613,2614,81],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,2612,419],{}," always returns a string. See ",[243,2615,2617],{"href":2616},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[267,2619,2621],{"id":2620},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,2623,2624],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[35,2626,2628],{"className":37,"code":2627,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,2629,2630],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2631,2632,2634,2636,2638,2641,2644,2647,2650,2652,2654],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2633,95],{"class":94},[44,2635,98],{"class":80},[44,2637,1667],{"class":94},[44,2639,2640],{"class":80},"([",[44,2642,2643],{"class":1675},"1",[44,2645,2646],{"class":80},",",[44,2648,2649],{"class":1675}," 2",[44,2651,2646],{"class":80},[44,2653,2104],{"class":1675},[44,2655,2656],{"class":80},"]))\n",[20,2658,2659,2660,2663],{},"This raises a ",[15,2661,2662],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[267,2665,2667],{"id":2666},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,2669,2670,2672],{},[15,2671,1631],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[35,2674,2676],{"className":37,"code":2675,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2677,2678,2690,2700,2704],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2679,2680,2683,2685,2687],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2681,2682],{"class":50},"x ",[44,2684,55],{"class":54},[44,2686,1872],{"class":54},[44,2688,2689],{"class":1675},"9\n",[44,2691,2692,2694,2696,2698],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,2693,1667],{"class":94},[44,2695,98],{"class":80},[44,2697,1110],{"class":84},[44,2699,104],{"class":80},[44,2701,2702],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,2703,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,2705,2706,2708,2710,2712],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,2707,95],{"class":94},[44,2709,98],{"class":80},[44,2711,1110],{"class":84},[44,2713,104],{"class":80},[20,2715,107],{},[35,2717,2719],{"className":37,"code":2718,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-9\n",[15,2720,2721],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2722,2723,2725],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2724,1672],{"class":54},[44,2726,2689],{"class":1675},[20,2728,2729],{},"If you want to store the result:",[35,2731,2733],{"className":37,"code":2732,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2734,2735,2745,2759,2763],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2736,2737,2739,2741,2743],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2738,2682],{"class":50},[44,2740,55],{"class":54},[44,2742,1872],{"class":54},[44,2744,2689],{"class":1675},[44,2746,2747,2749,2751,2753,2755,2757],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,2748,2682],{"class":50},[44,2750,55],{"class":54},[44,2752,1885],{"class":94},[44,2754,98],{"class":80},[44,2756,1110],{"class":84},[44,2758,104],{"class":80},[44,2760,2761],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,2762,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,2764,2765,2767,2769,2771],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,2766,95],{"class":94},[44,2768,98],{"class":80},[44,2770,1110],{"class":84},[44,2772,104],{"class":80},[20,2774,107],{},[35,2776,2777],{"className":37,"code":2689,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,2778,2779],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2780,2781],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2782,2689],{"class":1675},[267,2784,2786],{"id":2785},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,2788,2789,2791],{},[15,2790,1631],{}," does not round numbers.",[35,2793,2795],{"className":37,"code":2794,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,2796,2797],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2798,2799,2801,2803,2805,2807,2809,2812],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2800,95],{"class":94},[44,2802,98],{"class":80},[44,2804,1667],{"class":94},[44,2806,98],{"class":80},[44,2808,1672],{"class":54},[44,2810,2811],{"class":1675},"4.7",[44,2813,370],{"class":80},[20,2815,107],{},[35,2817,2819],{"className":37,"code":2818,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4.7\n",[15,2820,2821],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2822,2823],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2824,2818],{"class":1675},[20,2826,2827,2828,2830,2831,2833],{},"If you expected ",[15,2829,1789],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,2832,1631],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[30,2835,2837],{"id":2836},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,2839,2840,2842],{},[15,2841,1631],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[139,2844,2845,2852,2859],{},[142,2846,2847,2849,2850],{},[15,2848,1840],{}," input → returns an ",[15,2851,1840],{},[142,2853,2854,2856,2857],{},[15,2855,1843],{}," input → returns a ",[15,2858,1843],{},[142,2860,2861,2856,2863],{},[15,2862,1846],{},[15,2864,1843],{},[20,2866,161],{},[35,2868,2870],{"className":37,"code":2869,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,2871,2872,2893,2914],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2873,2874,2876,2878,2881,2883,2885,2887,2889,2891],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2875,95],{"class":94},[44,2877,98],{"class":80},[44,2879,2880],{"class":1461},"type",[44,2882,98],{"class":80},[44,2884,1667],{"class":94},[44,2886,98],{"class":80},[44,2888,1672],{"class":54},[44,2890,1789],{"class":1675},[44,2892,2567],{"class":80},[44,2894,2895,2897,2899,2901,2903,2905,2907,2909,2912],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,2896,95],{"class":94},[44,2898,98],{"class":80},[44,2900,2880],{"class":1461},[44,2902,98],{"class":80},[44,2904,1667],{"class":94},[44,2906,98],{"class":80},[44,2908,1672],{"class":54},[44,2910,2911],{"class":1675},"3.2",[44,2913,2567],{"class":80},[44,2915,2916,2918,2920,2922,2924,2926,2928,2930,2932,2934,2936],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,2917,95],{"class":94},[44,2919,98],{"class":80},[44,2921,2880],{"class":1461},[44,2923,98],{"class":80},[44,2925,1667],{"class":94},[44,2927,98],{"class":80},[44,2929,1714],{"class":1675},[44,2931,2107],{"class":54},[44,2933,2110],{"class":1675},[44,2935,1718],{"class":1717},[44,2937,2567],{"class":80},[20,2939,107],{},[35,2941,2943],{"className":37,"code":2942,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,2944,2945,2963,2977],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2946,2947,2950,2953,2956,2958,2960],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2948,2949],{"class":54},"\u003C",[44,2951,2952],{"class":1717},"class",[44,2954,2955],{"class":58}," '",[44,2957,1840],{"class":62},[44,2959,655],{"class":58},[44,2961,2962],{"class":54},">\n",[44,2964,2965,2967,2969,2971,2973,2975],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,2966,2949],{"class":54},[44,2968,2952],{"class":1717},[44,2970,2955],{"class":58},[44,2972,1843],{"class":62},[44,2974,655],{"class":58},[44,2976,2962],{"class":54},[44,2978,2979,2981,2983,2985,2987,2989],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,2980,2949],{"class":54},[44,2982,2952],{"class":1717},[44,2984,2955],{"class":58},[44,2986,1843],{"class":62},[44,2988,655],{"class":58},[44,2990,2962],{"class":54},[20,2992,2993],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,2995,2996],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,2998,2999],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[35,3001,3003],{"className":37,"code":3002,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3004,3005,3018,3028,3042,3046,3060],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3006,3007,3009,3011,3013,3016],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3008,2099],{"class":50},[44,3010,55],{"class":54},[44,3012,59],{"class":58},[44,3014,3015],{"class":62},"-5",[44,3017,66],{"class":58},[44,3019,3020,3022,3024,3026],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,3021,95],{"class":94},[44,3023,98],{"class":80},[44,3025,2126],{"class":84},[44,3027,104],{"class":80},[44,3029,3030,3032,3034,3036,3038,3040],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,3031,95],{"class":94},[44,3033,98],{"class":80},[44,3035,2880],{"class":1461},[44,3037,98],{"class":80},[44,3039,2126],{"class":84},[44,3041,370],{"class":80},[44,3043,3044],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,3045,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,3047,3048,3051,3053,3055,3058],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,3049,3050],{"class":50},"user_input ",[44,3052,55],{"class":54},[44,3054,59],{"class":58},[44,3056,3057],{"class":62},"-3.7",[44,3059,66],{"class":58},[44,3061,3062,3064,3066,3068,3070,3072,3074,3077],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,3063,95],{"class":94},[44,3065,98],{"class":80},[44,3067,1667],{"class":94},[44,3069,98],{"class":80},[44,3071,1843],{"class":1461},[44,3073,98],{"class":80},[44,3075,3076],{"class":84},"user_input",[44,3078,2567],{"class":80},[20,3080,107],{},[35,3082,3084],{"className":37,"code":3083,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3085,3086,3092,3106],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3087,3088,3090],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3089,1672],{"class":54},[44,3091,2602],{"class":1675},[44,3093,3094,3096,3098,3100,3102,3104],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,3095,2949],{"class":54},[44,3097,2952],{"class":1717},[44,3099,2955],{"class":58},[44,3101,1462],{"class":62},[44,3103,655],{"class":58},[44,3105,2962],{"class":54},[44,3107,3108],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,3109,3110],{"class":1675},"3.7\n",[30,3112,1478],{"id":1477},[267,3114,3116],{"id":3115},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3118,3119],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[267,3121,3123],{"id":3122},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3125,3126],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[267,3128,3130],{"id":3129},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3132,3133],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[267,3135,3137],{"id":3136},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3139,3140,3142,3143,2532,3145,3147,3148,81],{},[15,3141,419],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3144,2531],{},[15,3146,2538],{}," before using ",[15,3149,1631],{},[267,3151,3153],{"id":3152},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3155,3156],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[30,3158,1545],{"id":1544},[139,3160,3161,3168,3174,3180,3185],{},[142,3162,3163],{},[243,3164,3165,3167],{"href":2528},[15,3166,2531],{}," function explained",[142,3169,3170],{},[243,3171,3172,3167],{"href":2535},[15,3173,2538],{},[142,3175,3176],{},[243,3177,3178,3167],{"href":1950},[15,3179,1953],{},[142,3181,3182],{},[243,3183,3184],{"href":2616},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[142,3186,3187],{},[243,3188,2072],{"href":2071},[1577,3190,3191],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":3193},[3194,3195,3196,3197,3198,3199,3205,3211,3212,3219],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":1750,"depth":69,"text":1751},{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":1958,"depth":69,"text":1959},{"id":2075,"depth":69,"text":2076},{"id":2181,"depth":69,"text":2182,"children":3200},[3201,3202,3203,3204],{"id":2190,"depth":91,"text":2191},{"id":2291,"depth":91,"text":2292},{"id":2340,"depth":91,"text":2341},{"id":2407,"depth":91,"text":2408},{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238,"children":3206},[3207,3208,3209,3210],{"id":2486,"depth":91,"text":2487},{"id":2620,"depth":91,"text":2621},{"id":2666,"depth":91,"text":2667},{"id":2785,"depth":91,"text":2786},{"id":2836,"depth":69,"text":2837},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":3213},[3214,3215,3216,3217,3218],{"id":3115,"depth":91,"text":3116},{"id":3122,"depth":91,"text":3123},{"id":3129,"depth":91,"text":3130},{"id":3136,"depth":91,"text":3137},{"id":3152,"depth":91,"text":3153},{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1620,"description":3220},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3227,"title":3228,"body":3229,"description":4934,"extension":1611,"meta":4935,"navigation":184,"path":4936,"seo":4937,"stem":4938,"__hash__":4939},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3230,"toc":4898},[3231,3239,3245,3248,3265,3267,3326,3336,3341,3345,3364,3367,3384,3387,3391,3399,3416,3419,3459,3462,3469,3475,3550,3552,3584,3590,3594,3598,3637,3639,3648,3655,3659,3698,3700,3709,3719,3723,3779,3781,3789,3792,3795,3842,3844,3852,3858,3865,3870,3873,3876,3943,3945,3953,3956,4023,4025,4033,4047,4050,4062,4066,4072,4075,4077,4093,4095,4103,4106,4109,4112,4129,4132,4135,4165,4167,4180,4184,4188,4191,4206,4211,4214,4241,4248,4251,4291,4297,4303,4311,4314,4366,4372,4436,4441,4449,4452,4470,4476,4479,4621,4626,4631,4634,4645,4648,4704,4706,4714,4717,4776,4778,4786,4789,4800,4802,4808,4817,4826,4829,4836,4839,4848,4861,4863,4895],[10,3232,3234,3235,3238],{"id":3233},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[15,3236,3237],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,3240,3241,3242,3244],{},"Python’s ",[15,3243,3237],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3246,3247],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[139,3249,3250,3253,3256],{},[142,3251,3252],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[142,3254,3255],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[142,3257,3258,2049,3261,3264],{},[15,3259,3260],{},"all([])",[15,3262,3263],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[30,3266,33],{"id":32},[35,3268,3270],{"className":37,"code":3269,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3271,3272,3295,3311],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3273,3274,3277,3279,3282,3284,3286,3288,3290,3292],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3275,3276],{"class":50},"numbers ",[44,3278,55],{"class":54},[44,3280,3281],{"class":80}," [",[44,3283,2643],{"class":1675},[44,3285,2646],{"class":80},[44,3287,2649],{"class":1675},[44,3289,2646],{"class":80},[44,3291,2104],{"class":1675},[44,3293,3294],{"class":80},"]\n",[44,3296,3297,3299,3301,3304,3306,3309],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,3298,1880],{"class":50},[44,3300,55],{"class":54},[44,3302,3303],{"class":94}," all",[44,3305,98],{"class":80},[44,3307,3308],{"class":84},"numbers",[44,3310,104],{"class":80},[44,3312,3313,3315,3317,3319,3322],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,3314,95],{"class":94},[44,3316,98],{"class":80},[44,3318,1915],{"class":84},[44,3320,3321],{"class":80},")",[44,3323,3325],{"class":3324},"sutJx","  # True\n",[20,3327,3328,2049,3330,3332,3333,81],{},[15,3329,3237],{},[15,3331,3263],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3334,3335],{},"False",[30,3337,126,3339,129],{"id":3338},"what-all-does",[15,3340,3237],{},[20,3342,3343,2539],{},[15,3344,3237],{},[139,3346,3347,3350,3356,3361],{},[142,3348,3349],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[142,3351,3352,3353,3355],{},"returns ",[15,3354,3263],{}," if all items are truthy",[142,3357,3352,3358,3360],{},[15,3359,3335],{}," if any item is falsy",[142,3362,3363],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3365,3366],{},"Basic syntax:",[35,3368,3370],{"className":37,"code":3369,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3371,3372],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3373,3374,3377,3379,3382],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3375,3376],{"class":94},"all",[44,3378,98],{"class":80},[44,3380,3381],{"class":84},"iterable",[44,3383,104],{"class":80},[20,3385,3386],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[30,3388,3390],{"id":3389},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3392,3393,3394,2532,3396,3398],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3395,3263],{},[15,3397,3335],{}," in conditions.",[139,3400,3401,3409],{},[142,3402,3403,3406,3407],{},[830,3404,3405],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3408,3263],{},[142,3410,3411,3406,3414],{},[830,3412,3413],{},"Falsy",[15,3415,3335],{},[20,3417,3418],{},"Common falsy values include:",[139,3420,3421,3425,3430,3435,3440,3444,3449,3454],{},[142,3422,3423],{},[15,3424,1772],{},[142,3426,3427],{},[15,3428,3429],{},"0.0",[142,3431,3432],{},[15,3433,3434],{},"''",[142,3436,3437],{},[15,3438,3439],{},"None",[142,3441,3442],{},[15,3443,3335],{},[142,3445,3446],{},[15,3447,3448],{},"[]",[142,3450,3451],{},[15,3452,3453],{},"{}",[142,3455,3456],{},[15,3457,3458],{},"set()",[20,3460,3461],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3463,3464,3465,81],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[243,3466,3468],{"href":3467},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3470,3471,3472,2539],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3473,3474],{},"bool()",[35,3476,3478],{"className":37,"code":3477,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3479,3480,3517,3521],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3481,3482,3485,3487,3489,3491,3493,3496,3498,3501,3503,3505,3507,3509,3511,3515],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3483,3484],{"class":50},"values ",[44,3486,55],{"class":54},[44,3488,3281],{"class":80},[44,3490,2643],{"class":1675},[44,3492,2646],{"class":80},[44,3494,3495],{"class":1675}," 0",[44,3497,2646],{"class":80},[44,3499,3500],{"class":58}," ''",[44,3502,2646],{"class":80},[44,3504,2955],{"class":58},[44,3506,986],{"class":62},[44,3508,655],{"class":58},[44,3510,2646],{"class":80},[44,3512,3514],{"class":3513},"s39Yj"," None",[44,3516,3294],{"class":80},[44,3518,3519],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,3520,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,3522,3523,3525,3527,3530,3532,3534,3536,3539,3542,3545,3547],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,3524,95],{"class":94},[44,3526,2640],{"class":80},[44,3528,3529],{"class":1461},"bool",[44,3531,98],{"class":80},[44,3533,1110],{"class":84},[44,3535,3321],{"class":80},[44,3537,3538],{"class":524}," for",[44,3540,3541],{"class":84}," x ",[44,3543,3544],{"class":524},"in",[44,3546,420],{"class":84},[44,3548,3549],{"class":80},"])\n",[20,3551,107],{},[35,3553,3555],{"className":37,"code":3554,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,3556,3557],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3558,3559,3562,3564,3566,3569,3571,3573,3575,3578,3580,3582],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3560,3561],{"class":80},"[",[44,3563,3263],{"class":3513},[44,3565,2646],{"class":80},[44,3567,3568],{"class":3513}," False",[44,3570,2646],{"class":80},[44,3572,3568],{"class":3513},[44,3574,2646],{"class":80},[44,3576,3577],{"class":3513}," True",[44,3579,2646],{"class":80},[44,3581,3568],{"class":3513},[44,3583,3294],{"class":80},[20,3585,3586,3587,3589],{},"This matters because ",[15,3588,3237],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[30,3591,3593],{"id":3592},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[267,3595,3597],{"id":3596},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[35,3599,3601],{"className":37,"code":3600,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3602,3603,3623],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3604,3605,3607,3609,3611,3613,3615,3617,3619,3621],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3606,3276],{"class":50},[44,3608,55],{"class":54},[44,3610,3281],{"class":80},[44,3612,2643],{"class":1675},[44,3614,2646],{"class":80},[44,3616,2649],{"class":1675},[44,3618,2646],{"class":80},[44,3620,2104],{"class":1675},[44,3622,3294],{"class":80},[44,3624,3625,3627,3629,3631,3633,3635],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,3626,95],{"class":94},[44,3628,98],{"class":80},[44,3630,3376],{"class":94},[44,3632,98],{"class":80},[44,3634,3308],{"class":84},[44,3636,370],{"class":80},[20,3638,107],{},[35,3640,3642],{"className":37,"code":3641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\n",[15,3643,3644],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3645,3646],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3647,3641],{"class":3513},[20,3649,3650,3651,2049,3653,81],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,3652,3237],{},[15,3654,3263],{},[267,3656,3658],{"id":3657},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[35,3660,3662],{"className":37,"code":3661,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3663,3664,3684],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3665,3666,3668,3670,3672,3674,3676,3678,3680,3682],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3667,3276],{"class":50},[44,3669,55],{"class":54},[44,3671,3281],{"class":80},[44,3673,2643],{"class":1675},[44,3675,2646],{"class":80},[44,3677,3495],{"class":1675},[44,3679,2646],{"class":80},[44,3681,2104],{"class":1675},[44,3683,3294],{"class":80},[44,3685,3686,3688,3690,3692,3694,3696],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,3687,95],{"class":94},[44,3689,98],{"class":80},[44,3691,3376],{"class":94},[44,3693,98],{"class":80},[44,3695,3308],{"class":84},[44,3697,370],{"class":80},[20,3699,107],{},[35,3701,3703],{"className":37,"code":3702,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\n",[15,3704,3705],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3706,3707],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3708,3702],{"class":3513},[20,3710,3711,3712,3714,3715,2049,3717,81],{},"The value ",[15,3713,1772],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,3716,3237],{},[15,3718,3335],{},[267,3720,3722],{"id":3721},"example-strings","Example: strings",[35,3724,3726],{"className":37,"code":3725,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3727,3728,3764],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3729,3730,3733,3735,3737,3739,3742,3744,3746,3748,3751,3753,3755,3757,3760,3762],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3731,3732],{"class":50},"words ",[44,3734,55],{"class":54},[44,3736,3281],{"class":80},[44,3738,655],{"class":58},[44,3740,3741],{"class":62},"apple",[44,3743,655],{"class":58},[44,3745,2646],{"class":80},[44,3747,2955],{"class":58},[44,3749,3750],{"class":62},"banana",[44,3752,655],{"class":58},[44,3754,2646],{"class":80},[44,3756,2955],{"class":58},[44,3758,3759],{"class":62},"cherry",[44,3761,655],{"class":58},[44,3763,3294],{"class":80},[44,3765,3766,3768,3770,3772,3774,3777],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,3767,95],{"class":94},[44,3769,98],{"class":80},[44,3771,3376],{"class":94},[44,3773,98],{"class":80},[44,3775,3776],{"class":84},"words",[44,3778,370],{"class":80},[20,3780,107],{},[35,3782,3783],{"className":37,"code":3641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,3784,3785],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3786,3787],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3788,3641],{"class":3513},[20,3790,3791],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,3793,3794],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[35,3796,3798],{"className":37,"code":3797,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3799,3800,3828],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3801,3802,3804,3806,3808,3810,3812,3814,3816,3818,3820,3822,3824,3826],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3803,3732],{"class":50},[44,3805,55],{"class":54},[44,3807,3281],{"class":80},[44,3809,655],{"class":58},[44,3811,3741],{"class":62},[44,3813,655],{"class":58},[44,3815,2646],{"class":80},[44,3817,3500],{"class":58},[44,3819,2646],{"class":80},[44,3821,2955],{"class":58},[44,3823,3759],{"class":62},[44,3825,655],{"class":58},[44,3827,3294],{"class":80},[44,3829,3830,3832,3834,3836,3838,3840],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,3831,95],{"class":94},[44,3833,98],{"class":80},[44,3835,3376],{"class":94},[44,3837,98],{"class":80},[44,3839,3776],{"class":84},[44,3841,370],{"class":80},[20,3843,107],{},[35,3845,3846],{"className":37,"code":3702,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,3847,3848],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3849,3850],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3851,3702],{"class":3513},[20,3853,3854,3855,3857],{},"The empty string ",[15,3856,3434],{}," is falsy.",[30,3859,3861,3862,3864],{"id":3860},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,3863,3237],{}," works with conditions",[20,3866,3867,3869],{},[15,3868,3237],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,3871,3872],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,3874,3875],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[35,3877,3879],{"className":37,"code":3878,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,3880,3881,3901,3929,3933],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3882,3883,3885,3887,3889,3891,3893,3895,3897,3899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3884,3276],{"class":50},[44,3886,55],{"class":54},[44,3888,3281],{"class":80},[44,3890,2643],{"class":1675},[44,3892,2646],{"class":80},[44,3894,2649],{"class":1675},[44,3896,2646],{"class":80},[44,3898,2104],{"class":1675},[44,3900,3294],{"class":80},[44,3902,3903,3905,3907,3909,3911,3913,3916,3918,3920,3922,3924,3927],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,3904,1880],{"class":50},[44,3906,55],{"class":54},[44,3908,3303],{"class":94},[44,3910,98],{"class":80},[44,3912,2682],{"class":84},[44,3914,3915],{"class":54},">",[44,3917,3495],{"class":1675},[44,3919,3538],{"class":524},[44,3921,3541],{"class":84},[44,3923,3544],{"class":524},[44,3925,3926],{"class":84}," numbers",[44,3928,104],{"class":80},[44,3930,3931],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,3932,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,3934,3935,3937,3939,3941],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,3936,95],{"class":94},[44,3938,98],{"class":80},[44,3940,1915],{"class":84},[44,3942,104],{"class":80},[20,3944,107],{},[35,3946,3947],{"className":37,"code":3641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,3948,3949],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3950,3951],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3952,3641],{"class":3513},[20,3954,3955],{},"Here is one that fails:",[35,3957,3959],{"className":37,"code":3958,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,3960,3961,3983,4009,4013],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3962,3963,3965,3967,3969,3971,3973,3975,3977,3979,3981],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3964,3276],{"class":50},[44,3966,55],{"class":54},[44,3968,3281],{"class":80},[44,3970,2643],{"class":1675},[44,3972,2646],{"class":80},[44,3974,1872],{"class":54},[44,3976,1708],{"class":1675},[44,3978,2646],{"class":80},[44,3980,2104],{"class":1675},[44,3982,3294],{"class":80},[44,3984,3985,3987,3989,3991,3993,3995,3997,3999,4001,4003,4005,4007],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,3986,1880],{"class":50},[44,3988,55],{"class":54},[44,3990,3303],{"class":94},[44,3992,98],{"class":80},[44,3994,2682],{"class":84},[44,3996,3915],{"class":54},[44,3998,3495],{"class":1675},[44,4000,3538],{"class":524},[44,4002,3541],{"class":84},[44,4004,3544],{"class":524},[44,4006,3926],{"class":84},[44,4008,104],{"class":80},[44,4010,4011],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,4012,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,4014,4015,4017,4019,4021],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,4016,95],{"class":94},[44,4018,98],{"class":80},[44,4020,1915],{"class":84},[44,4022,104],{"class":80},[20,4024,107],{},[35,4026,4027],{"className":37,"code":3702,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4028,4029],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4030,4031],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4032,3702],{"class":3513},[20,4034,4035,4036,4039,4040,4042,4043,2049,4045,81],{},"The expression ",[15,4037,4038],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4041,3263],{},", then ",[15,4044,3237],{},[15,4046,3263],{},[20,4048,4049],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4051,4052,4053,4057,4058,81],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[243,4054,4056],{"href":4055},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python"," and ",[243,4059,4061],{"href":4060},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[30,4063,4065],{"id":4064},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4067,4068,2049,4070,81],{},[15,4069,3260],{},[15,4071,3263],{},[20,4073,4074],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4076,161],{},[35,4078,4080],{"className":37,"code":4079,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4081,4082],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4083,4084,4086,4088,4090],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4085,95],{"class":94},[44,4087,98],{"class":80},[44,4089,3376],{"class":94},[44,4091,4092],{"class":80},"([]))\n",[20,4094,107],{},[35,4096,4097],{"className":37,"code":3641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4098,4099],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4100,4101],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4102,3641],{"class":3513},[20,4104,4105],{},"Why?",[20,4107,4108],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4110,4111],{},"Think of it this way:",[139,4113,4114,4121,4124],{},[142,4115,4116,2049,4118,4120],{},[15,4117,3237],{},[15,4119,3335],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[142,4122,4123],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[142,4125,4126,4127],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4128,3335],{},[20,4130,4131],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4133,4134],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[35,4136,4138],{"className":37,"code":4137,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4139,4140,4151],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4141,4142,4144,4146,4148],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4143,95],{"class":94},[44,4145,98],{"class":80},[44,4147,3376],{"class":94},[44,4149,4150],{"class":80},"(()))\n",[44,4152,4153,4155,4157,4159,4161,4163],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,4154,95],{"class":94},[44,4156,98],{"class":80},[44,4158,3376],{"class":94},[44,4160,98],{"class":80},[44,4162,3434],{"class":58},[44,4164,370],{"class":80},[20,4166,107],{},[35,4168,4170],{"className":37,"code":4169,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4171,4172,4176],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4173,4174],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4175,3641],{"class":3513},[44,4177,4178],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,4179,3641],{"class":3513},[30,4181,4183],{"id":4182},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[267,4185,4187],{"id":4186},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4189,4190],{},"This is wrong:",[35,4192,4194],{"className":37,"code":4193,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4195,4196,4201],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4197,4198],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4199,4200],{"class":3324},"# Wrong\n",[44,4202,4203],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,4204,4205],{"class":3324},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4207,4208,4210],{},[15,4209,3237],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4212,4213],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[35,4215,4217],{"className":37,"code":4216,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4218,4219],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4220,4221,4223,4225,4227,4229,4231,4233,4235,4237,4239],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4222,95],{"class":94},[44,4224,98],{"class":80},[44,4226,3376],{"class":94},[44,4228,2640],{"class":80},[44,4230,2643],{"class":1675},[44,4232,2646],{"class":80},[44,4234,2649],{"class":1675},[44,4236,2646],{"class":80},[44,4238,2104],{"class":1675},[44,4240,2656],{"class":80},[267,4242,4244,4245,4247],{"id":4243},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4246,3237],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4249,4250],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[35,4252,4254],{"className":37,"code":4253,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4255,4256,4277],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4257,4258,4260,4262,4264,4266,4268,4271,4273,4275],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4259,3276],{"class":50},[44,4261,55],{"class":54},[44,4263,3281],{"class":80},[44,4265,1789],{"class":1675},[44,4267,2646],{"class":80},[44,4269,4270],{"class":1675}," 5",[44,4272,2646],{"class":80},[44,4274,4270],{"class":1675},[44,4276,3294],{"class":80},[44,4278,4279,4281,4283,4285,4287,4289],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,4280,95],{"class":94},[44,4282,98],{"class":80},[44,4284,3376],{"class":94},[44,4286,98],{"class":80},[44,4288,3308],{"class":84},[44,4290,370],{"class":80},[20,4292,4293,4294,4296],{},"This does ",[830,4295,832],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4298,4299,4300,4302],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4301,1789],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[35,4304,4305],{"className":37,"code":3641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4306,4307],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4308,4309],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4310,3641],{"class":3513},[20,4312,4313],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[35,4315,4317],{"className":37,"code":4316,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4318,4319,4339],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4320,4321,4323,4325,4327,4329,4331,4333,4335,4337],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4322,3276],{"class":50},[44,4324,55],{"class":54},[44,4326,3281],{"class":80},[44,4328,1789],{"class":1675},[44,4330,2646],{"class":80},[44,4332,4270],{"class":1675},[44,4334,2646],{"class":80},[44,4336,4270],{"class":1675},[44,4338,3294],{"class":80},[44,4340,4341,4343,4345,4347,4349,4351,4354,4356,4358,4360,4362,4364],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,4342,95],{"class":94},[44,4344,98],{"class":80},[44,4346,3376],{"class":94},[44,4348,98],{"class":80},[44,4350,2682],{"class":84},[44,4352,4353],{"class":54},"==",[44,4355,4270],{"class":1675},[44,4357,3538],{"class":524},[44,4359,3541],{"class":84},[44,4361,3544],{"class":524},[44,4363,3926],{"class":84},[44,4365,370],{"class":80},[267,4367,1262,4369,4371],{"id":4368},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy",[15,4370,1772],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[35,4373,4375],{"className":37,"code":4374,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4376,4377,4403],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4378,4379,4381,4383,4385,4387,4389,4391,4393,4395,4397,4400],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4380,95],{"class":94},[44,4382,98],{"class":80},[44,4384,3376],{"class":94},[44,4386,2640],{"class":80},[44,4388,2643],{"class":1675},[44,4390,2646],{"class":80},[44,4392,2649],{"class":1675},[44,4394,2646],{"class":80},[44,4396,3495],{"class":1675},[44,4398,4399],{"class":80},"]))",[44,4401,4402],{"class":3324},"       # False\n",[44,4404,4405,4407,4409,4411,4413,4415,4417,4419,4421,4423,4425,4427,4429,4431,4433],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,4406,95],{"class":94},[44,4408,98],{"class":80},[44,4410,3376],{"class":94},[44,4412,2640],{"class":80},[44,4414,655],{"class":58},[44,4416,243],{"class":62},[44,4418,655],{"class":58},[44,4420,2646],{"class":80},[44,4422,2955],{"class":58},[44,4424,842],{"class":62},[44,4426,655],{"class":58},[44,4428,2646],{"class":80},[44,4430,3500],{"class":58},[44,4432,4399],{"class":80},[44,4434,4435],{"class":3324},"  # False\n",[20,4437,4438,4439,81],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4440,3335],{},[267,4442,4444,4445,1118,4447],{"id":4443},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4446,3260],{},[15,4448,3263],{},[20,4450,4451],{},"This is expected behavior:",[35,4453,4455],{"className":37,"code":4454,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4456,4457],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4458,4459,4461,4463,4465,4468],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4460,95],{"class":94},[44,4462,98],{"class":80},[44,4464,3376],{"class":94},[44,4466,4467],{"class":80},"([]))",[44,4469,3325],{"class":3324},[20,4471,4472,4473,4475],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4474,3263],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4477,4478],{},"Useful quick tests:",[35,4480,4482],{"className":37,"code":4481,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4483,4484,4506,4528,4575,4611],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4485,4486,4488,4490,4492,4494,4496,4498,4500,4502,4504],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4487,95],{"class":94},[44,4489,98],{"class":80},[44,4491,3376],{"class":94},[44,4493,2640],{"class":80},[44,4495,2643],{"class":1675},[44,4497,2646],{"class":80},[44,4499,2649],{"class":1675},[44,4501,2646],{"class":80},[44,4503,2104],{"class":1675},[44,4505,2656],{"class":80},[44,4507,4508,4510,4512,4514,4516,4518,4520,4522,4524,4526],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,4509,95],{"class":94},[44,4511,98],{"class":80},[44,4513,3376],{"class":94},[44,4515,2640],{"class":80},[44,4517,2643],{"class":1675},[44,4519,2646],{"class":80},[44,4521,3495],{"class":1675},[44,4523,2646],{"class":80},[44,4525,2104],{"class":1675},[44,4527,2656],{"class":80},[44,4529,4530,4532,4534,4536,4538,4540,4542,4544,4546,4548,4550,4552,4554,4556,4558,4560,4562,4564,4566,4568,4570,4572],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,4531,95],{"class":94},[44,4533,2640],{"class":80},[44,4535,3529],{"class":1461},[44,4537,98],{"class":80},[44,4539,1110],{"class":84},[44,4541,3321],{"class":80},[44,4543,3538],{"class":524},[44,4545,3541],{"class":84},[44,4547,3544],{"class":524},[44,4549,3281],{"class":80},[44,4551,2643],{"class":1675},[44,4553,2646],{"class":80},[44,4555,3495],{"class":1675},[44,4557,2646],{"class":80},[44,4559,3500],{"class":58},[44,4561,2646],{"class":80},[44,4563,2955],{"class":58},[44,4565,986],{"class":62},[44,4567,655],{"class":58},[44,4569,2646],{"class":80},[44,4571,3514],{"class":3513},[44,4573,4574],{"class":80},"]])\n",[44,4576,4577,4579,4581,4583,4585,4587,4589,4591,4593,4595,4597,4599,4601,4603,4605,4607,4609],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,4578,95],{"class":94},[44,4580,98],{"class":80},[44,4582,3376],{"class":94},[44,4584,98],{"class":80},[44,4586,2682],{"class":84},[44,4588,3915],{"class":54},[44,4590,3495],{"class":1675},[44,4592,3538],{"class":524},[44,4594,3541],{"class":84},[44,4596,3544],{"class":524},[44,4598,3281],{"class":80},[44,4600,2643],{"class":1675},[44,4602,2646],{"class":80},[44,4604,2649],{"class":1675},[44,4606,2646],{"class":80},[44,4608,2104],{"class":1675},[44,4610,2656],{"class":80},[44,4612,4613,4615,4617,4619],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,4614,95],{"class":94},[44,4616,98],{"class":80},[44,4618,3376],{"class":94},[44,4620,4092],{"class":80},[30,4622,1133,4624],{"id":4623},"when-to-use-all",[15,4625,3237],{},[20,4627,4628,4630],{},[15,4629,3237],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,4632,4633],{},"Common use cases:",[139,4635,4636,4639,4642],{},[142,4637,4638],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[142,4640,4641],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[142,4643,4644],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,4646,4647],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[35,4649,4651],{"className":37,"code":4650,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,4652,4653,4689],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4654,4655,4658,4660,4662,4664,4667,4669,4671,4673,4676,4678,4680,4682,4685,4687],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4656,4657],{"class":50},"names ",[44,4659,55],{"class":54},[44,4661,3281],{"class":80},[44,4663,655],{"class":58},[44,4665,4666],{"class":62},"Alice",[44,4668,655],{"class":58},[44,4670,2646],{"class":80},[44,4672,2955],{"class":58},[44,4674,4675],{"class":62},"Bob",[44,4677,655],{"class":58},[44,4679,2646],{"class":80},[44,4681,2955],{"class":58},[44,4683,4684],{"class":62},"Charlie",[44,4686,655],{"class":58},[44,4688,3294],{"class":80},[44,4690,4691,4693,4695,4697,4699,4702],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,4692,95],{"class":94},[44,4694,98],{"class":80},[44,4696,3376],{"class":94},[44,4698,98],{"class":80},[44,4700,4701],{"class":84},"names",[44,4703,370],{"class":80},[20,4705,107],{},[35,4707,4708],{"className":37,"code":3641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4709,4710],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4711,4712],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4713,3641],{"class":3513},[20,4715,4716],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[35,4718,4720],{"className":37,"code":4719,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,4721,4722,4746],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4723,4724,4727,4729,4731,4734,4736,4739,4741,4744],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4725,4726],{"class":50},"scores ",[44,4728,55],{"class":54},[44,4730,3281],{"class":80},[44,4732,4733],{"class":1675},"75",[44,4735,2646],{"class":80},[44,4737,4738],{"class":1675}," 80",[44,4740,2646],{"class":80},[44,4742,4743],{"class":1675}," 50",[44,4745,3294],{"class":80},[44,4747,4748,4750,4752,4754,4756,4759,4762,4764,4766,4769,4771,4774],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,4749,95],{"class":94},[44,4751,98],{"class":80},[44,4753,3376],{"class":94},[44,4755,98],{"class":80},[44,4757,4758],{"class":84},"score ",[44,4760,4761],{"class":54},">=",[44,4763,4743],{"class":1675},[44,4765,3538],{"class":524},[44,4767,4768],{"class":84}," score ",[44,4770,3544],{"class":524},[44,4772,4773],{"class":84}," scores",[44,4775,370],{"class":80},[20,4777,107],{},[35,4779,4780],{"className":37,"code":3641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4781,4782],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4783,4784],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4785,3641],{"class":3513},[20,4787,4788],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,4790,4791,4792,4057,4796,81],{},"For related tasks, see ",[243,4793,4795],{"href":4794},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[243,4797,4799],{"href":4798},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[30,4801,1478],{"id":1477},[267,4803,1504,4805,4807],{"id":4804},"what-does-all-return-in-python",[15,4806,3237],{}," return in Python?",[20,4809,4810,4811,4813,4814,4816],{},"It returns ",[15,4812,3263],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,4815,3335],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[267,4818,4820,4821,4823,4824,1520],{"id":4819},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,4822,3260],{}," return ",[15,4825,3263],{},[20,4827,4828],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[267,4830,4832,4833,4835],{"id":4831},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[15,4834,3237],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,4837,4838],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[267,4840,4842,4843,4057,4845,1520],{"id":4841},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[15,4844,3237],{},[15,4846,4847],{},"any()",[20,4849,4850,4852,4853,4855,4856,81],{},[15,4851,3237],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,4854,4847],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[243,4857,3234,4859,3167],{"href":4858},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,4860,4847],{},[30,4862,1545],{"id":1544},[139,4864,4865,4871,4875,4880,4885,4890],{},[142,4866,4867],{},[243,4868,3234,4869,3167],{"href":4858},[15,4870,4847],{},[142,4872,4873],{},[243,4874,3468],{"href":3467},[142,4876,4877],{},[243,4878,4879],{"href":4798},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[142,4881,4882],{},[243,4883,4884],{"href":4794},"How to filter a list in Python",[142,4886,4887],{},[243,4888,4889],{"href":4055},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[142,4891,4892],{},[243,4893,4894],{"href":4060},"What is an iterable in Python",[1577,4896,4897],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":4899},[4900,4901,4903,4904,4909,4911,4912,4921,4923,4933],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":3338,"depth":69,"text":4902},"What all() does",{"id":3389,"depth":69,"text":3390},{"id":3592,"depth":69,"text":3593,"children":4905},[4906,4907,4908],{"id":3596,"depth":91,"text":3597},{"id":3657,"depth":91,"text":3658},{"id":3721,"depth":91,"text":3722},{"id":3860,"depth":69,"text":4910},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4064,"depth":69,"text":4065},{"id":4182,"depth":69,"text":4183,"children":4913},[4914,4915,4917,4919],{"id":4186,"depth":91,"text":4187},{"id":4243,"depth":91,"text":4916},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4368,"depth":91,"text":4918},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4443,"depth":91,"text":4920},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4623,"depth":69,"text":4922},"When to use all()",{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":4924},[4925,4927,4929,4931],{"id":4804,"depth":91,"text":4926},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":4819,"depth":91,"text":4928},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":4831,"depth":91,"text":4930},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":4841,"depth":91,"text":4932},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3228,"description":4934},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":4941,"title":4942,"body":4943,"description":6631,"extension":1611,"meta":6632,"navigation":184,"path":4858,"seo":6633,"stem":6634,"__hash__":6635},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":4944,"toc":6609},[4945,4948,4956,4959,4976,4984,5028,5037,5041,5046,5049,5066,5069,5080,5092,5096,5099,5114,5119,5122,5134,5137,5222,5225,5246,5252,5254,5262,5276,5278,5312,5314,5317,5378,5380,5397,5400,5427,5429,5437,5449,5453,5456,5495,5497,5505,5507,5523,5531,5534,5577,5579,5587,5592,5596,5604,5607,5634,5637,5640,5714,5716,5724,5731,5755,5766,5769,5848,5850,5858,5865,5869,5874,5889,5891,5899,5901,5907,5910,5955,5957,5974,5978,5983,5994,5997,6110,6113,6172,6178,6180,6185,6189,6191,6210,6216,6219,6238,6242,6251,6278,6280,6288,6295,6299,6305,6328,6330,6338,6345,6349,6352,6403,6406,6457,6460,6462,6466,6473,6477,6484,6488,6496,6500,6503,6525,6527,6577,6579,6606],[10,4946,4942],{"id":4947},"python-any-function-explained",[20,4949,4950,4952,4953,81],{},[15,4951,4847],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[830,4954,4955],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,4957,4958],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[139,4960,4961,4964,4967,4970,4973],{},[142,4962,4963],{},"lists",[142,4965,4966],{},"tuples",[142,4968,4969],{},"sets",[142,4971,4972],{},"strings",[142,4974,4975],{},"generator expressions",[20,4977,4978,4979,2532,4981,4983],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,4980,3263],{},[15,4982,3335],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[35,4985,4987],{"className":37,"code":4986,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,4988,4989,5009],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4990,4991,4993,4995,4997,4999,5001,5003,5005,5007],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4992,3484],{"class":50},[44,4994,55],{"class":54},[44,4996,3281],{"class":80},[44,4998,1772],{"class":1675},[44,5000,2646],{"class":80},[44,5002,3500],{"class":58},[44,5004,2646],{"class":80},[44,5006,4270],{"class":1675},[44,5008,3294],{"class":80},[44,5010,5011,5013,5015,5018,5020,5023,5026],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,5012,95],{"class":94},[44,5014,98],{"class":80},[44,5016,5017],{"class":94},"any",[44,5019,98],{"class":80},[44,5021,5022],{"class":84},"values",[44,5024,5025],{"class":80},"))",[44,5027,3325],{"class":3324},[20,5029,119,5030,5033,5034,5036],{},[15,5031,5032],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5035,3263],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[30,5038,5040],{"id":5039},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5042,5043,5045],{},[15,5044,4847],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5047,5048],{},"It returns:",[139,5050,5051,5056,5061],{},[142,5052,5053,5055],{},[15,5054,3263],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[142,5057,5058,5060],{},[15,5059,3335],{}," if all items are falsy",[142,5062,5063,5065],{},[15,5064,3335],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5067,5068],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[139,5070,5071,5074,5077],{},[142,5072,5073],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[142,5075,5076],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[142,5078,5079],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5081,5082,5083,5086,5087,81],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[830,5084,5085],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[243,5088,5090],{"href":5089},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5091,3237],{},[30,5093,5095],{"id":5094},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5097,5098],{},"The syntax is simple:",[35,5100,5102],{"className":37,"code":5101,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5103,5104],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5105,5106,5108,5110,5112],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5107,5017],{"class":94},[44,5109,98],{"class":80},[44,5111,3381],{"class":84},[44,5113,104],{"class":80},[20,5115,5116,5117,81],{},"The argument must be an ",[830,5118,3381],{},[20,5120,5121],{},"Common inputs include:",[139,5123,5124,5126,5128,5130,5132],{},[142,5125,4963],{},[142,5127,4966],{},[142,5129,4969],{},[142,5131,4972],{},[142,5133,4975],{},[20,5135,5136],{},"For example:",[35,5138,5140],{"className":37,"code":5139,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5141,5142,5165,5184,5204],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5143,5144,5146,5148,5150,5152,5154,5156,5158,5160,5163],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5145,95],{"class":94},[44,5147,98],{"class":80},[44,5149,5017],{"class":94},[44,5151,2640],{"class":80},[44,5153,1772],{"class":1675},[44,5155,2646],{"class":80},[44,5157,3495],{"class":1675},[44,5159,2646],{"class":80},[44,5161,5162],{"class":1675}," 1",[44,5164,2656],{"class":80},[44,5166,5167,5169,5171,5173,5176,5178,5180,5182],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,5168,95],{"class":94},[44,5170,98],{"class":80},[44,5172,5017],{"class":94},[44,5174,5175],{"class":80},"((",[44,5177,3335],{"class":3513},[44,5179,2646],{"class":80},[44,5181,3568],{"class":3513},[44,5183,2567],{"class":80},[44,5185,5186,5188,5190,5192,5195,5197,5199,5201],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,5187,95],{"class":94},[44,5189,98],{"class":80},[44,5191,5017],{"class":94},[44,5193,5194],{"class":80},"({",[44,5196,1772],{"class":1675},[44,5198,2646],{"class":80},[44,5200,2649],{"class":1675},[44,5202,5203],{"class":80},"}))\n",[44,5205,5206,5208,5210,5212,5214,5216,5218,5220],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,5207,95],{"class":94},[44,5209,98],{"class":80},[44,5211,5017],{"class":94},[44,5213,98],{"class":80},[44,5215,362],{"class":58},[44,5217,986],{"class":62},[44,5219,362],{"class":58},[44,5221,370],{"class":80},[20,5223,5224],{},"Expected output:",[35,5226,5228],{"className":37,"code":5227,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5229,5230,5234,5238,5242],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5231,5232],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5233,3641],{"class":3513},[44,5235,5236],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,5237,3702],{"class":3513},[44,5239,5240],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,5241,3641],{"class":3513},[44,5243,5244],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,5245,3641],{"class":3513},[20,5247,5248,5249,81],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[243,5250,4799],{"href":5251},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[30,5253,3390],{"id":3389},[20,5255,3393,5256,2532,5259,3398],{},[830,5257,5258],{},"truthy",[830,5260,5261],{},"falsy",[139,5263,5264,5270],{},[142,5265,5266,3406,5268],{},[830,5267,3405],{},[15,5269,3263],{},[142,5271,5272,3406,5274],{},[830,5273,3413],{},[15,5275,3335],{},[20,5277,3418],{},[139,5279,5280,5284,5288,5292,5296,5300,5304,5308],{},[142,5281,5282],{},[15,5283,3335],{},[142,5285,5286],{},[15,5287,1772],{},[142,5289,5290],{},[15,5291,3429],{},[142,5293,5294],{},[15,5295,3434],{},[142,5297,5298],{},[15,5299,3448],{},[142,5301,5302],{},[15,5303,3453],{},[142,5305,5306],{},[15,5307,3458],{},[142,5309,5310],{},[15,5311,3439],{},[20,5313,3461],{},[20,5315,5316],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[35,5318,5320],{"className":37,"code":5319,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5321,5322,5336,5354],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5323,5324,5326,5328,5330,5332,5334],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5325,95],{"class":94},[44,5327,98],{"class":80},[44,5329,5017],{"class":94},[44,5331,2640],{"class":80},[44,5333,2643],{"class":1675},[44,5335,2656],{"class":80},[44,5337,5338,5340,5342,5344,5346,5348,5350,5352],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,5339,95],{"class":94},[44,5341,98],{"class":80},[44,5343,5017],{"class":94},[44,5345,2640],{"class":80},[44,5347,655],{"class":58},[44,5349,986],{"class":62},[44,5351,655],{"class":58},[44,5353,2656],{"class":80},[44,5355,5356,5358,5360,5362,5365,5367,5369,5371,5373,5375],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,5357,95],{"class":94},[44,5359,98],{"class":80},[44,5361,5017],{"class":94},[44,5363,5364],{"class":80},"([[",[44,5366,2643],{"class":1675},[44,5368,2646],{"class":80},[44,5370,2649],{"class":1675},[44,5372,2646],{"class":80},[44,5374,2104],{"class":1675},[44,5376,5377],{"class":80},"]]))\n",[20,5379,5224],{},[35,5381,5383],{"className":37,"code":5382,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5384,5385,5389,5393],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5386,5387],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5388,3641],{"class":3513},[44,5390,5391],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,5392,3641],{"class":3513},[44,5394,5395],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,5396,3641],{"class":3513},[20,5398,5399],{},"And these are all falsy:",[35,5401,5403],{"className":37,"code":5402,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5404,5405],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5406,5407,5409,5411,5413,5415,5417,5419,5421,5423,5425],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5408,95],{"class":94},[44,5410,98],{"class":80},[44,5412,5017],{"class":94},[44,5414,2640],{"class":80},[44,5416,1772],{"class":1675},[44,5418,2646],{"class":80},[44,5420,3500],{"class":58},[44,5422,2646],{"class":80},[44,5424,3514],{"class":3513},[44,5426,2656],{"class":80},[20,5428,5224],{},[35,5430,5431],{"className":37,"code":3702,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5432,5433],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5434,5435],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5436,3702],{"class":3513},[20,5438,5439,5440,4057,5443,81],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[243,5441,3468],{"href":5442},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[243,5444,5446,5448],{"href":5445},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5447,3474],{}," explained",[30,5450,5452],{"id":5451},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5454,5455],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[35,5457,5459],{"className":37,"code":5458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5460,5461,5481],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5462,5463,5465,5467,5469,5471,5473,5475,5477,5479],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5464,3484],{"class":50},[44,5466,55],{"class":54},[44,5468,3281],{"class":80},[44,5470,1772],{"class":1675},[44,5472,2646],{"class":80},[44,5474,3500],{"class":58},[44,5476,2646],{"class":80},[44,5478,4270],{"class":1675},[44,5480,3294],{"class":80},[44,5482,5483,5485,5487,5489,5491,5493],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,5484,95],{"class":94},[44,5486,98],{"class":80},[44,5488,5017],{"class":94},[44,5490,98],{"class":80},[44,5492,5022],{"class":84},[44,5494,370],{"class":80},[20,5496,107],{},[35,5498,5499],{"className":37,"code":3641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5500,5501],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5502,5503],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5504,3641],{"class":3513},[20,5506,4105],{},[139,5508,5509,5514,5518],{},[142,5510,5511,5513],{},[15,5512,1772],{}," is falsy",[142,5515,5516,5513],{},[15,5517,3434],{},[142,5519,5520,5522],{},[15,5521,1789],{}," is truthy",[20,5524,5525,5526,2049,5529,81],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5527,5528],{},"any(values)",[15,5530,3263],{},[20,5532,5533],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[35,5535,5537],{"className":37,"code":5536,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5538,5539,5563],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5540,5541,5543,5545,5547,5549,5551,5553,5555,5557,5559,5561],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5542,3484],{"class":50},[44,5544,55],{"class":54},[44,5546,3281],{"class":80},[44,5548,1772],{"class":1675},[44,5550,2646],{"class":80},[44,5552,3500],{"class":58},[44,5554,2646],{"class":80},[44,5556,3514],{"class":3513},[44,5558,2646],{"class":80},[44,5560,3568],{"class":3513},[44,5562,3294],{"class":80},[44,5564,5565,5567,5569,5571,5573,5575],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,5566,95],{"class":94},[44,5568,98],{"class":80},[44,5570,5017],{"class":94},[44,5572,98],{"class":80},[44,5574,5022],{"class":84},[44,5576,370],{"class":80},[20,5578,107],{},[35,5580,5581],{"className":37,"code":3702,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5582,5583],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5584,5585],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5586,3702],{"class":3513},[20,5588,5589,5590,81],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,5591,3335],{},[30,5593,5595],{"id":5594},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,5597,5598,5600,5601,81],{},[15,5599,4847],{}," is often used with a ",[830,5602,5603],{},"generator expression",[20,5605,5606],{},"This is a common pattern:",[35,5608,5610],{"className":37,"code":5609,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,5611,5612],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5613,5614,5616,5618,5621,5624,5627,5629,5632],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5615,5017],{"class":94},[44,5617,98],{"class":80},[44,5619,5620],{"class":84},"condition ",[44,5622,5623],{"class":524},"for",[44,5625,5626],{"class":84}," item ",[44,5628,3544],{"class":524},[44,5630,5631],{"class":84}," items",[44,5633,104],{"class":80},[20,5635,5636],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,5638,5639],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[35,5641,5643],{"className":37,"code":5642,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,5644,5645,5673,5677,5704],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5646,5647,5649,5651,5653,5655,5657,5660,5662,5664,5666,5668,5671],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5648,3276],{"class":50},[44,5650,55],{"class":54},[44,5652,3281],{"class":80},[44,5654,2158],{"class":1675},[44,5656,2646],{"class":80},[44,5658,5659],{"class":1675}," 7",[44,5661,2646],{"class":80},[44,5663,1872],{"class":54},[44,5665,1708],{"class":1675},[44,5667,2646],{"class":80},[44,5669,5670],{"class":1675}," 10",[44,5672,3294],{"class":80},[44,5674,5675],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,5676,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,5678,5679,5681,5683,5686,5688,5690,5692,5694,5696,5698,5700,5702],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,5680,1880],{"class":50},[44,5682,55],{"class":54},[44,5684,5685],{"class":94}," any",[44,5687,98],{"class":80},[44,5689,2682],{"class":84},[44,5691,2949],{"class":54},[44,5693,3495],{"class":1675},[44,5695,3538],{"class":524},[44,5697,3541],{"class":84},[44,5699,3544],{"class":524},[44,5701,3926],{"class":84},[44,5703,104],{"class":80},[44,5705,5706,5708,5710,5712],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,5707,95],{"class":94},[44,5709,98],{"class":80},[44,5711,1915],{"class":84},[44,5713,104],{"class":80},[20,5715,107],{},[35,5717,5718],{"className":37,"code":3641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5719,5720],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5721,5722],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5723,3641],{"class":3513},[20,5725,5726,5727,5730],{},"This works because ",[15,5728,5729],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[139,5732,5733,5741,5748],{},[142,5734,5735,5738,5739],{},[15,5736,5737],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,5740,3335],{},[142,5742,5743,5738,5746],{},[15,5744,5745],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,5747,3335],{},[142,5749,5750,5738,5753],{},[15,5751,5752],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,5754,3263],{},[20,5756,5757,5758,5760,5761,5763,5764,81],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,5759,3263],{}," result, ",[15,5762,4847],{}," can return ",[15,5765,3263],{},[20,5767,5768],{},"Here is another example:",[35,5770,5772],{"className":37,"code":5771,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,5773,5774,5803,5807,5837],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5775,5776,5778,5780,5782,5784,5786,5788,5790,5793,5795,5797,5799,5801],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5777,3732],{"class":50},[44,5779,55],{"class":54},[44,5781,3281],{"class":80},[44,5783,362],{"class":58},[44,5785,3741],{"class":62},[44,5787,362],{"class":58},[44,5789,2646],{"class":80},[44,5791,5792],{"class":58}," \"\"",[44,5794,2646],{"class":80},[44,5796,59],{"class":58},[44,5798,3750],{"class":62},[44,5800,362],{"class":58},[44,5802,3294],{"class":80},[44,5804,5805],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,5806,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,5808,5809,5812,5814,5816,5818,5821,5823,5825,5827,5830,5832,5835],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,5810,5811],{"class":50},"has_empty_string ",[44,5813,55],{"class":54},[44,5815,5685],{"class":94},[44,5817,98],{"class":80},[44,5819,5820],{"class":84},"word ",[44,5822,4353],{"class":54},[44,5824,5792],{"class":58},[44,5826,3538],{"class":524},[44,5828,5829],{"class":84}," word ",[44,5831,3544],{"class":524},[44,5833,5834],{"class":84}," words",[44,5836,104],{"class":80},[44,5838,5839,5841,5843,5846],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,5840,95],{"class":94},[44,5842,98],{"class":80},[44,5844,5845],{"class":84},"has_empty_string",[44,5847,104],{"class":80},[20,5849,107],{},[35,5851,5852],{"className":37,"code":3641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5853,5854],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5855,5856],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5857,3641],{"class":3513},[20,5859,5860,5861,81],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[243,5862,5864],{"href":5863},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[30,5866,5868],{"id":5867},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,5870,5871,5872,2539],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,5873,3335],{},[35,5875,5877],{"className":37,"code":5876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([]))\n",[15,5878,5879],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5880,5881,5883,5885,5887],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5882,95],{"class":94},[44,5884,98],{"class":80},[44,5886,5017],{"class":94},[44,5888,4092],{"class":80},[20,5890,107],{},[35,5892,5893],{"className":37,"code":3702,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5894,5895],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5896,5897],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5898,3702],{"class":3513},[20,5900,822],{},[20,5902,5903,5904,5906],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,5905,4847],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,5908,5909],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[35,5911,5913],{"className":37,"code":5912,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,5914,5915,5925,5940],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5916,5917,5919,5921,5923],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5918,95],{"class":94},[44,5920,98],{"class":80},[44,5922,5017],{"class":94},[44,5924,4150],{"class":80},[44,5926,5927,5929,5931,5933,5935,5938],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,5928,95],{"class":94},[44,5930,98],{"class":80},[44,5932,5017],{"class":94},[44,5934,98],{"class":80},[44,5936,5937],{"class":58},"\"\"",[44,5939,370],{"class":80},[44,5941,5942,5944,5946,5948,5950,5953],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,5943,95],{"class":94},[44,5945,98],{"class":80},[44,5947,5017],{"class":94},[44,5949,98],{"class":80},[44,5951,5952],{"class":1461},"set",[44,5954,642],{"class":80},[20,5956,107],{},[35,5958,5960],{"className":37,"code":5959,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,5961,5962,5966,5970],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5963,5964],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5965,3702],{"class":3513},[44,5967,5968],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,5969,3702],{"class":3513},[44,5971,5972],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,5973,3702],{"class":3513},[30,5975,5977],{"id":5976},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,5979,119,5980,5982],{},[15,5981,4847],{}," when you want to:",[139,5984,5985,5988,5991],{},[142,5986,5987],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[142,5989,5990],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[142,5992,5993],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,5995,5996],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[35,5998,6000],{"className":37,"code":5999,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6001,6002,6027,6031,6041,6045,6058,6076,6087,6093,6098],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6003,6004,6006,6008,6010,6012,6014,6016,6018,6020,6022,6025],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6005,3276],{"class":50},[44,6007,55],{"class":54},[44,6009,3281],{"class":80},[44,6011,2643],{"class":1675},[44,6013,2646],{"class":80},[44,6015,2104],{"class":1675},[44,6017,2646],{"class":80},[44,6019,4270],{"class":1675},[44,6021,2646],{"class":80},[44,6023,6024],{"class":1675}," 8",[44,6026,3294],{"class":80},[44,6028,6029],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,6030,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,6032,6033,6036,6038],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,6034,6035],{"class":50},"found_even ",[44,6037,55],{"class":54},[44,6039,6040],{"class":3513}," False\n",[44,6042,6043],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,6044,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,6046,6047,6049,6052,6054,6056],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,6048,5623],{"class":524},[44,6050,6051],{"class":50}," number ",[44,6053,3544],{"class":524},[44,6055,3926],{"class":50},[44,6057,548],{"class":80},[44,6059,6060,6063,6065,6068,6070,6072,6074],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,6061,6062],{"class":524},"    if",[44,6064,6051],{"class":50},[44,6066,6067],{"class":54},"%",[44,6069,2649],{"class":1675},[44,6071,538],{"class":54},[44,6073,3495],{"class":1675},[44,6075,548],{"class":80},[44,6077,6079,6082,6084],{"class":46,"line":6078},7,[44,6080,6081],{"class":50},"        found_even ",[44,6083,55],{"class":54},[44,6085,6086],{"class":3513}," True\n",[44,6088,6090],{"class":46,"line":6089},8,[44,6091,6092],{"class":524},"        break\n",[44,6094,6096],{"class":46,"line":6095},9,[44,6097,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,6099,6101,6103,6105,6108],{"class":46,"line":6100},10,[44,6102,95],{"class":94},[44,6104,98],{"class":80},[44,6106,6107],{"class":84},"found_even",[44,6109,104],{"class":80},[20,6111,6112],{},"You can write:",[35,6114,6116],{"className":37,"code":6115,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6117,6118,6142],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6119,6120,6122,6124,6126,6128,6130,6132,6134,6136,6138,6140],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6121,3276],{"class":50},[44,6123,55],{"class":54},[44,6125,3281],{"class":80},[44,6127,2643],{"class":1675},[44,6129,2646],{"class":80},[44,6131,2104],{"class":1675},[44,6133,2646],{"class":80},[44,6135,4270],{"class":1675},[44,6137,2646],{"class":80},[44,6139,6024],{"class":1675},[44,6141,3294],{"class":80},[44,6143,6144,6146,6148,6150,6152,6154,6156,6158,6160,6162,6164,6166,6168,6170],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,6145,95],{"class":94},[44,6147,98],{"class":80},[44,6149,5017],{"class":94},[44,6151,98],{"class":80},[44,6153,1867],{"class":84},[44,6155,6067],{"class":54},[44,6157,2649],{"class":1675},[44,6159,538],{"class":54},[44,6161,3495],{"class":1675},[44,6163,3538],{"class":524},[44,6165,6051],{"class":84},[44,6167,3544],{"class":524},[44,6169,3926],{"class":84},[44,6171,370],{"class":80},[20,6173,6174,6175,6177],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6176,4847],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[30,6179,4183],{"id":4182},[20,6181,6182,6183,81],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6184,4847],{},[267,6186,6188],{"id":6187},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6190,4190],{},[35,6192,6194],{"className":37,"code":6193,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6195,6196],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6197,6198,6200,6202,6204,6206,6208],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6199,95],{"class":94},[44,6201,98],{"class":80},[44,6203,5017],{"class":94},[44,6205,98],{"class":80},[44,6207,1789],{"class":1675},[44,6209,370],{"class":80},[20,6211,6212,6213,6215],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6214,1789],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6217,6218],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[35,6220,6222],{"className":37,"code":6221,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6223,6224],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6225,6226,6228,6230,6232,6234,6236],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6227,95],{"class":94},[44,6229,98],{"class":80},[44,6231,5017],{"class":94},[44,6233,2640],{"class":80},[44,6235,1789],{"class":1675},[44,6237,2656],{"class":80},[267,6239,6241],{"id":6240},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6243,6244,6246,6247,6250],{},[15,6245,4847],{}," needs only ",[830,6248,6249],{},"one"," truthy item.",[35,6252,6254],{"className":37,"code":6253,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6255,6256],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6257,6258,6260,6262,6264,6266,6268,6270,6272,6274,6276],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6259,95],{"class":94},[44,6261,98],{"class":80},[44,6263,5017],{"class":94},[44,6265,2640],{"class":80},[44,6267,3335],{"class":3513},[44,6269,2646],{"class":80},[44,6271,3568],{"class":3513},[44,6273,2646],{"class":80},[44,6275,3577],{"class":3513},[44,6277,2656],{"class":80},[20,6279,107],{},[35,6281,6282],{"className":37,"code":3641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6283,6284],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6285,6286],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6287,3641],{"class":3513},[20,6289,6290,6291,860],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[243,6292,6293],{"href":5089},[15,6294,3237],{},[267,6296,6298],{"id":6297},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6300,6301,6302,81],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6303,6304],{},"\"True\"",[35,6306,6308],{"className":37,"code":6307,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6309,6310],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6311,6312,6314,6316,6318,6320,6322,6324,6326],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6313,95],{"class":94},[44,6315,98],{"class":80},[44,6317,5017],{"class":94},[44,6319,2640],{"class":80},[44,6321,362],{"class":58},[44,6323,3335],{"class":62},[44,6325,362],{"class":58},[44,6327,2656],{"class":80},[20,6329,107],{},[35,6331,6332],{"className":37,"code":3641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6333,6334],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6335,6336],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6337,3641],{"class":3513},[20,6339,6340,6341,6344],{},"That is because ",[15,6342,6343],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[267,6346,6348],{"id":6347},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6350,6351],{},"This works:",[35,6353,6355],{"className":37,"code":6354,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6356,6357,6377],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6358,6359,6361,6363,6365,6367,6369,6371,6373,6375],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6360,3276],{"class":50},[44,6362,55],{"class":54},[44,6364,3281],{"class":80},[44,6366,2643],{"class":1675},[44,6368,2646],{"class":80},[44,6370,2649],{"class":1675},[44,6372,2646],{"class":80},[44,6374,2104],{"class":1675},[44,6376,3294],{"class":80},[44,6378,6379,6381,6383,6385,6387,6389,6391,6393,6395,6397,6399,6401],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,6380,95],{"class":94},[44,6382,98],{"class":80},[44,6384,5017],{"class":94},[44,6386,2640],{"class":80},[44,6388,2682],{"class":84},[44,6390,3915],{"class":54},[44,6392,2649],{"class":1675},[44,6394,3538],{"class":524},[44,6396,3541],{"class":84},[44,6398,3544],{"class":524},[44,6400,3926],{"class":84},[44,6402,2656],{"class":80},[20,6404,6405],{},"But this is usually better:",[35,6407,6409],{"className":37,"code":6408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6410,6411,6431],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6412,6413,6415,6417,6419,6421,6423,6425,6427,6429],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6414,3276],{"class":50},[44,6416,55],{"class":54},[44,6418,3281],{"class":80},[44,6420,2643],{"class":1675},[44,6422,2646],{"class":80},[44,6424,2649],{"class":1675},[44,6426,2646],{"class":80},[44,6428,2104],{"class":1675},[44,6430,3294],{"class":80},[44,6432,6433,6435,6437,6439,6441,6443,6445,6447,6449,6451,6453,6455],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,6434,95],{"class":94},[44,6436,98],{"class":80},[44,6438,5017],{"class":94},[44,6440,98],{"class":80},[44,6442,2682],{"class":84},[44,6444,3915],{"class":54},[44,6446,2649],{"class":1675},[44,6448,3538],{"class":524},[44,6450,3541],{"class":84},[44,6452,3544],{"class":524},[44,6454,3926],{"class":84},[44,6456,370],{"class":80},[20,6458,6459],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[30,6461,1478],{"id":1477},[267,6463,6465],{"id":6464},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6467,4810,6468,6470,6471,81],{},[15,6469,3263],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6472,3335],{},[267,6474,6476],{"id":6475},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6478,6479,2049,6481,6483],{},[15,6480,4847],{},[15,6482,3335],{}," for an empty iterable.",[267,6485,6487],{"id":6486},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6489,6490,6492,6493,6495],{},[15,6491,4847],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6494,3237],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[267,6497,6499],{"id":6498},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6501,6502],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[35,6504,6505],{"className":37,"code":5609,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6506,6507],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6508,6509,6511,6513,6515,6517,6519,6521,6523],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6510,5017],{"class":94},[44,6512,98],{"class":80},[44,6514,5620],{"class":84},[44,6516,5623],{"class":524},[44,6518,5626],{"class":84},[44,6520,3544],{"class":524},[44,6522,5631],{"class":84},[44,6524,104],{"class":80},[20,6526,5136],{},[35,6528,6529],{"className":37,"code":6408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6530,6531,6551],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6532,6533,6535,6537,6539,6541,6543,6545,6547,6549],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6534,3276],{"class":50},[44,6536,55],{"class":54},[44,6538,3281],{"class":80},[44,6540,2643],{"class":1675},[44,6542,2646],{"class":80},[44,6544,2649],{"class":1675},[44,6546,2646],{"class":80},[44,6548,2104],{"class":1675},[44,6550,3294],{"class":80},[44,6552,6553,6555,6557,6559,6561,6563,6565,6567,6569,6571,6573,6575],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,6554,95],{"class":94},[44,6556,98],{"class":80},[44,6558,5017],{"class":94},[44,6560,98],{"class":80},[44,6562,2682],{"class":84},[44,6564,3915],{"class":54},[44,6566,2649],{"class":1675},[44,6568,3538],{"class":524},[44,6570,3541],{"class":84},[44,6572,3544],{"class":524},[44,6574,3926],{"class":84},[44,6576,370],{"class":80},[30,6578,1545],{"id":1544},[139,6580,6581,6587,6591,6595,6600],{},[142,6582,6583],{},[243,6584,6585,3167],{"href":5089},[15,6586,3237],{},[142,6588,6589],{},[243,6590,3468],{"href":5442},[142,6592,6593],{},[243,6594,4879],{"href":5251},[142,6596,6597],{},[243,6598,6599],{"href":5863},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[142,6601,6602],{},[243,6603,6604,3167],{"href":5445},[15,6605,3474],{},[1577,6607,6608],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":6610},[6611,6612,6613,6614,6615,6616,6617,6618,6624,6630],{"id":5039,"depth":69,"text":5040},{"id":5094,"depth":69,"text":5095},{"id":3389,"depth":69,"text":3390},{"id":5451,"depth":69,"text":5452},{"id":5594,"depth":69,"text":5595},{"id":5867,"depth":69,"text":5868},{"id":5976,"depth":69,"text":5977},{"id":4182,"depth":69,"text":4183,"children":6619},[6620,6621,6622,6623],{"id":6187,"depth":91,"text":6188},{"id":6240,"depth":91,"text":6241},{"id":6297,"depth":91,"text":6298},{"id":6347,"depth":91,"text":6348},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":6625},[6626,6627,6628,6629],{"id":6464,"depth":91,"text":6465},{"id":6475,"depth":91,"text":6476},{"id":6486,"depth":91,"text":6487},{"id":6498,"depth":91,"text":6499},{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":4942,"description":6631},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6637,"title":6638,"body":6639,"description":8763,"extension":1611,"meta":8764,"navigation":184,"path":8765,"seo":8766,"stem":8767,"__hash__":8768},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6640,"toc":8726},[6641,6644,6653,6662,6664,6761,6763,6792,6808,6812,6817,6820,6830,6836,6842,6857,6859,6867,6874,6878,6881,6896,6901,6919,6924,6926,6974,6976,6993,6997,7003,7006,7040,7042,7148,7150,7187,7191,7199,7201,7221,7223,7343,7345,7374,7377,7400,7402,7410,7418,7422,7428,7432,7475,7477,7485,7488,7516,7518,7526,7530,7558,7560,7568,7600,7602,7610,7614,7664,7666,7674,7682,7686,7689,7741,7743,7764,7771,7775,7781,7784,7792,7814,7816,7824,7832,7855,7857,7865,7870,7875,7887,7889,7930,7941,7945,7954,7957,7960,8019,8022,8074,8077,8082,8098,8104,8106,8111,8119,8122,8144,8146,8154,8159,8162,8197,8199,8207,8211,8216,8254,8266,8269,8321,8329,8333,8336,8358,8367,8370,8411,8413,8436,8442,8448,8463,8465,8485,8488,8507,8509,8528,8532,8538,8617,8620,8634,8641,8643,8647,8654,8658,8662,8666,8671,8675,8680,8684,8691,8693,8723],[10,6642,6638],{"id":6643},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,6645,1628,6646,6648,6649,2532,6651,81],{},[15,6647,3474],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,6650,3263],{},[15,6652,3335],{},[20,6654,6655,6656,6658,6659,6661],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,6657,3474],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,6660,525],{}," statements and other conditions.",[30,6663,33],{"id":32},[35,6665,6667],{"className":37,"code":6666,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,6668,6669,6683,6697,6711,6729,6739],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6670,6671,6673,6675,6677,6679,6681],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6672,95],{"class":94},[44,6674,98],{"class":80},[44,6676,3529],{"class":1461},[44,6678,98],{"class":80},[44,6680,1772],{"class":1675},[44,6682,370],{"class":80},[44,6684,6685,6687,6689,6691,6693,6695],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,6686,95],{"class":94},[44,6688,98],{"class":80},[44,6690,3529],{"class":1461},[44,6692,98],{"class":80},[44,6694,2643],{"class":1675},[44,6696,370],{"class":80},[44,6698,6699,6701,6703,6705,6707,6709],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,6700,95],{"class":94},[44,6702,98],{"class":80},[44,6704,3529],{"class":1461},[44,6706,98],{"class":80},[44,6708,5937],{"class":58},[44,6710,370],{"class":80},[44,6712,6713,6715,6717,6719,6721,6723,6725,6727],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,6714,95],{"class":94},[44,6716,98],{"class":80},[44,6718,3529],{"class":1461},[44,6720,98],{"class":80},[44,6722,362],{"class":58},[44,6724,986],{"class":62},[44,6726,362],{"class":58},[44,6728,370],{"class":80},[44,6730,6731,6733,6735,6737],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,6732,95],{"class":94},[44,6734,98],{"class":80},[44,6736,3529],{"class":1461},[44,6738,4092],{"class":80},[44,6740,6741,6743,6745,6747,6749,6751,6753,6755,6757,6759],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,6742,95],{"class":94},[44,6744,98],{"class":80},[44,6746,3529],{"class":1461},[44,6748,2640],{"class":80},[44,6750,2643],{"class":1675},[44,6752,2646],{"class":80},[44,6754,2649],{"class":1675},[44,6756,2646],{"class":80},[44,6758,2104],{"class":1675},[44,6760,2656],{"class":80},[20,6762,5224],{},[35,6764,6766],{"className":37,"code":6765,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,6767,6768,6772,6776,6780,6784,6788],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6769,6770],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6771,3702],{"class":3513},[44,6773,6774],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,6775,3641],{"class":3513},[44,6777,6778],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,6779,3702],{"class":3513},[44,6781,6782],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,6783,3641],{"class":3513},[44,6785,6786],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,6787,3702],{"class":3513},[44,6789,6790],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,6791,3641],{"class":3513},[20,6793,119,6794,6797,6798,2532,6800,6802,6803,6805,6806,81],{},[15,6795,6796],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,6799,3263],{},[15,6801,3335],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,6804,3335],{},". Most other values become ",[15,6807,3263],{},[30,6809,6811],{"id":6810},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,6813,6814,6816],{},[15,6815,3474],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,6818,6819],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[139,6821,6822,6826],{},[142,6823,6824],{},[15,6825,3263],{},[142,6827,6828],{},[15,6829,3335],{},[20,6831,6832,6833,6835],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,6834,525],{}," statements.",[20,6837,6838,6839,6841],{},"You can also call ",[15,6840,3474],{}," with no argument:",[35,6843,6845],{"className":37,"code":6844,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool())\n",[15,6846,6847],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6848,6849,6851,6853,6855],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6850,95],{"class":94},[44,6852,98],{"class":80},[44,6854,3529],{"class":1461},[44,6856,201],{"class":80},[20,6858,107],{},[35,6860,6861],{"className":37,"code":3702,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6862,6863],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6864,6865],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6866,3702],{"class":3513},[20,6868,6869,6870,81],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[243,6871,6873],{"href":6872},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[30,6875,6877],{"id":6876},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,6879,6880],{},"The basic syntax is:",[35,6882,6884],{"className":37,"code":6883,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bool(value)\n",[15,6885,6886],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6887,6888,6890,6892,6894],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6889,3529],{"class":1461},[44,6891,98],{"class":80},[44,6893,2126],{"class":84},[44,6895,104],{"class":80},[20,6897,1628,6898,6900],{},[15,6899,2126],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[139,6902,6903,6905,6907,6909,6911,6914,6916],{},[142,6904,3308],{},[142,6906,4972],{},[142,6908,4963],{},[142,6910,4966],{},[142,6912,6913],{},"dictionaries",[142,6915,4969],{},[142,6917,6918],{},"other objects",[20,6920,6921,6922,81],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,6923,3335],{},[20,6925,161],{},[35,6927,6929],{"className":37,"code":6928,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,6930,6931,6945,6964],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6932,6933,6935,6937,6939,6941,6943],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6934,95],{"class":94},[44,6936,98],{"class":80},[44,6938,3529],{"class":1461},[44,6940,98],{"class":80},[44,6942,1982],{"class":1675},[44,6944,370],{"class":80},[44,6946,6947,6949,6951,6953,6955,6957,6960,6962],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,6948,95],{"class":94},[44,6950,98],{"class":80},[44,6952,3529],{"class":1461},[44,6954,98],{"class":80},[44,6956,362],{"class":58},[44,6958,6959],{"class":62},"Python",[44,6961,362],{"class":58},[44,6963,370],{"class":80},[44,6965,6966,6968,6970,6972],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,6967,95],{"class":94},[44,6969,98],{"class":80},[44,6971,3529],{"class":1461},[44,6973,201],{"class":80},[20,6975,107],{},[35,6977,6979],{"className":37,"code":6978,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,6980,6981,6985,6989],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6982,6983],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6984,3641],{"class":3513},[44,6986,6987],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,6988,3641],{"class":3513},[44,6990,6991],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,6992,3702],{"class":3513},[30,6994,6996],{"id":6995},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,6998,6999,7000,7002],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[830,7001,5261],{}," values.",[20,7004,7005],{},"Common examples:",[139,7007,7008,7012,7016,7020,7024,7028,7032,7036],{},[142,7009,7010],{},[15,7011,1772],{},[142,7013,7014],{},[15,7015,3429],{},[142,7017,7018],{},[15,7019,5937],{},[142,7021,7022],{},[15,7023,3448],{},[142,7025,7026],{},[15,7027,535],{},[142,7029,7030],{},[15,7031,3453],{},[142,7033,7034],{},[15,7035,3458],{},[142,7037,7038],{},[15,7039,3439],{},[20,7041,161],{},[35,7043,7045],{"className":37,"code":7044,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7046,7047,7061,7075,7089,7099,7109,7120,7134],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7048,7049,7051,7053,7055,7057,7059],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7050,95],{"class":94},[44,7052,98],{"class":80},[44,7054,3529],{"class":1461},[44,7056,98],{"class":80},[44,7058,1772],{"class":1675},[44,7060,370],{"class":80},[44,7062,7063,7065,7067,7069,7071,7073],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,7064,95],{"class":94},[44,7066,98],{"class":80},[44,7068,3529],{"class":1461},[44,7070,98],{"class":80},[44,7072,3429],{"class":1675},[44,7074,370],{"class":80},[44,7076,7077,7079,7081,7083,7085,7087],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,7078,95],{"class":94},[44,7080,98],{"class":80},[44,7082,3529],{"class":1461},[44,7084,98],{"class":80},[44,7086,5937],{"class":58},[44,7088,370],{"class":80},[44,7090,7091,7093,7095,7097],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,7092,95],{"class":94},[44,7094,98],{"class":80},[44,7096,3529],{"class":1461},[44,7098,4092],{"class":80},[44,7100,7101,7103,7105,7107],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,7102,95],{"class":94},[44,7104,98],{"class":80},[44,7106,3529],{"class":1461},[44,7108,4150],{"class":80},[44,7110,7111,7113,7115,7117],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,7112,95],{"class":94},[44,7114,98],{"class":80},[44,7116,3529],{"class":1461},[44,7118,7119],{"class":80},"({}))\n",[44,7121,7122,7124,7126,7128,7130,7132],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,7123,95],{"class":94},[44,7125,98],{"class":80},[44,7127,3529],{"class":1461},[44,7129,98],{"class":80},[44,7131,5952],{"class":1461},[44,7133,642],{"class":80},[44,7135,7136,7138,7140,7142,7144,7146],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,7137,95],{"class":94},[44,7139,98],{"class":80},[44,7141,3529],{"class":1461},[44,7143,98],{"class":80},[44,7145,3439],{"class":3513},[44,7147,370],{"class":80},[20,7149,107],{},[35,7151,7153],{"className":37,"code":7152,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7154,7155,7159,7163,7167,7171,7175,7179,7183],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7156,7157],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7158,3702],{"class":3513},[44,7160,7161],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,7162,3702],{"class":3513},[44,7164,7165],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,7166,3702],{"class":3513},[44,7168,7169],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,7170,3702],{"class":3513},[44,7172,7173],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,7174,3702],{"class":3513},[44,7176,7177],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,7178,3702],{"class":3513},[44,7180,7181],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,7182,3702],{"class":3513},[44,7184,7185],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,7186,3702],{"class":3513},[30,7188,7190],{"id":7189},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7192,7193,7194,7196,7197,7002],{},"Many values become ",[15,7195,3263],{},". These are often called ",[830,7198,5258],{},[20,7200,7005],{},[139,7202,7203,7206,7209,7212,7215,7218],{},[142,7204,7205],{},"non-zero numbers",[142,7207,7208],{},"non-empty strings",[142,7210,7211],{},"non-empty lists",[142,7213,7214],{},"non-empty tuples",[142,7216,7217],{},"non-empty sets",[142,7219,7220],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7222,161],{},[35,7224,7226],{"className":37,"code":7225,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7227,7228,7242,7258,7276,7298,7316],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7229,7230,7232,7234,7236,7238,7240],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7231,95],{"class":94},[44,7233,98],{"class":80},[44,7235,3529],{"class":1461},[44,7237,98],{"class":80},[44,7239,1789],{"class":1675},[44,7241,370],{"class":80},[44,7243,7244,7246,7248,7250,7252,7254,7256],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,7245,95],{"class":94},[44,7247,98],{"class":80},[44,7249,3529],{"class":1461},[44,7251,98],{"class":80},[44,7253,1672],{"class":54},[44,7255,1708],{"class":1675},[44,7257,370],{"class":80},[44,7259,7260,7262,7264,7266,7268,7270,7272,7274],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,7261,95],{"class":94},[44,7263,98],{"class":80},[44,7265,3529],{"class":1461},[44,7267,98],{"class":80},[44,7269,362],{"class":58},[44,7271,986],{"class":62},[44,7273,362],{"class":58},[44,7275,370],{"class":80},[44,7277,7278,7280,7282,7284,7286,7288,7290,7292,7294,7296],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,7279,95],{"class":94},[44,7281,98],{"class":80},[44,7283,3529],{"class":1461},[44,7285,2640],{"class":80},[44,7287,2643],{"class":1675},[44,7289,2646],{"class":80},[44,7291,2649],{"class":1675},[44,7293,2646],{"class":80},[44,7295,2104],{"class":1675},[44,7297,2656],{"class":80},[44,7299,7300,7302,7304,7306,7308,7310,7312,7314],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,7301,95],{"class":94},[44,7303,98],{"class":80},[44,7305,3529],{"class":1461},[44,7307,5175],{"class":80},[44,7309,2643],{"class":1675},[44,7311,2646],{"class":80},[44,7313,2649],{"class":1675},[44,7315,2567],{"class":80},[44,7317,7318,7320,7322,7324,7326,7328,7330,7332,7334,7336,7339,7341],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,7319,95],{"class":94},[44,7321,98],{"class":80},[44,7323,3529],{"class":1461},[44,7325,5194],{"class":80},[44,7327,362],{"class":58},[44,7329,302],{"class":62},[44,7331,362],{"class":58},[44,7333,2539],{"class":80},[44,7335,59],{"class":58},[44,7337,7338],{"class":62},"Sam",[44,7340,362],{"class":58},[44,7342,5203],{"class":80},[20,7344,107],{},[35,7346,7348],{"className":37,"code":7347,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7349,7350,7354,7358,7362,7366,7370],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7351,7352],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7353,3641],{"class":3513},[44,7355,7356],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,7357,3641],{"class":3513},[44,7359,7360],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,7361,3641],{"class":3513},[44,7363,7364],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,7365,3641],{"class":3513},[44,7367,7368],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,7369,3641],{"class":3513},[44,7371,7372],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,7373,3641],{"class":3513},[20,7375,7376],{},"One important example is this:",[35,7378,7380],{"className":37,"code":7379,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7381,7382],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7383,7384,7386,7388,7390,7392,7394,7396,7398],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7385,95],{"class":94},[44,7387,98],{"class":80},[44,7389,3529],{"class":1461},[44,7391,98],{"class":80},[44,7393,362],{"class":58},[44,7395,3335],{"class":62},[44,7397,362],{"class":58},[44,7399,370],{"class":80},[20,7401,107],{},[35,7403,7404],{"className":37,"code":3641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7405,7406],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7407,7408],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7409,3641],{"class":3513},[20,7411,7412,7413,7415,7416,81],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7414,6343],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7417,3263],{},[30,7419,7421],{"id":7420},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7423,7424,7425,7427],{},"You can use ",[15,7426,3474],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[267,7429,7431],{"id":7430},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[35,7433,7435],{"className":37,"code":7434,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7436,7437,7460],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7438,7439,7442,7444,7446,7448,7450,7453,7455,7458],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7440,7441],{"class":50},"items ",[44,7443,55],{"class":54},[44,7445,3281],{"class":80},[44,7447,1982],{"class":1675},[44,7449,2646],{"class":80},[44,7451,7452],{"class":1675}," 20",[44,7454,2646],{"class":80},[44,7456,7457],{"class":1675}," 30",[44,7459,3294],{"class":80},[44,7461,7462,7464,7466,7468,7470,7473],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,7463,95],{"class":94},[44,7465,98],{"class":80},[44,7467,3529],{"class":1461},[44,7469,98],{"class":80},[44,7471,7472],{"class":84},"items",[44,7474,370],{"class":80},[20,7476,107],{},[35,7478,7479],{"className":37,"code":3641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7480,7481],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7482,7483],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7484,3641],{"class":3513},[20,7486,7487],{},"With an empty list:",[35,7489,7491],{"className":37,"code":7490,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7492,7493,7502],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7494,7495,7497,7499],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7496,7441],{"class":50},[44,7498,55],{"class":54},[44,7500,7501],{"class":80}," []\n",[44,7503,7504,7506,7508,7510,7512,7514],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,7505,95],{"class":94},[44,7507,98],{"class":80},[44,7509,3529],{"class":1461},[44,7511,98],{"class":80},[44,7513,7472],{"class":84},[44,7515,370],{"class":80},[20,7517,107],{},[35,7519,7520],{"className":37,"code":3702,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7521,7522],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7523,7524],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7525,3702],{"class":3513},[267,7527,7529],{"id":7528},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[35,7531,7533],{"className":37,"code":7532,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7534,7535,7544],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7536,7537,7539,7541],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7538,284],{"class":50},[44,7540,55],{"class":54},[44,7542,7543],{"class":58}," \"\"\n",[44,7545,7546,7548,7550,7552,7554,7556],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,7547,95],{"class":94},[44,7549,98],{"class":80},[44,7551,3529],{"class":1461},[44,7553,98],{"class":80},[44,7555,302],{"class":84},[44,7557,370],{"class":80},[20,7559,107],{},[35,7561,7562],{"className":37,"code":3702,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7563,7564],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7565,7566],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7567,3702],{"class":3513},[35,7569,7571],{"className":37,"code":7570,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7572,7573,7586],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7574,7575,7577,7579,7581,7584],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7576,284],{"class":50},[44,7578,55],{"class":54},[44,7580,59],{"class":58},[44,7582,7583],{"class":62},"Mia",[44,7585,66],{"class":58},[44,7587,7588,7590,7592,7594,7596,7598],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,7589,95],{"class":94},[44,7591,98],{"class":80},[44,7593,3529],{"class":1461},[44,7595,98],{"class":80},[44,7597,302],{"class":84},[44,7599,370],{"class":80},[20,7601,107],{},[35,7603,7604],{"className":37,"code":3641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7605,7606],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7607,7608],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7609,3641],{"class":3513},[267,7611,7613],{"id":7612},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[35,7615,7617],{"className":37,"code":7616,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,7618,7619,7632,7649,7653],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7620,7621,7623,7625,7627,7630],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7622,442],{"class":50},[44,7624,55],{"class":54},[44,7626,59],{"class":58},[44,7628,7629],{"class":62},"alex",[44,7631,66],{"class":58},[44,7633,7634,7637,7639,7642,7644,7647],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,7635,7636],{"class":50},"has_name ",[44,7638,55],{"class":54},[44,7640,7641],{"class":1461}," bool",[44,7643,98],{"class":80},[44,7645,7646],{"class":84},"username",[44,7648,104],{"class":80},[44,7650,7651],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,7652,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,7654,7655,7657,7659,7662],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,7656,95],{"class":94},[44,7658,98],{"class":80},[44,7660,7661],{"class":84},"has_name",[44,7663,104],{"class":80},[20,7665,107],{},[35,7667,7668],{"className":37,"code":3641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7669,7670],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7671,7672],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7673,3641],{"class":3513},[20,7675,7676,7677,2532,7679,7681],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,7678,3263],{},[15,7680,3335],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[267,7683,7685],{"id":7684},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,7687,7688],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[35,7690,7692],{"className":37,"code":7691,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,7693,7694,7714,7718,7726],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7695,7696,7698,7700,7702,7704,7706,7708,7710,7712],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7697,3276],{"class":50},[44,7699,55],{"class":54},[44,7701,3281],{"class":80},[44,7703,2643],{"class":1675},[44,7705,2646],{"class":80},[44,7707,2649],{"class":1675},[44,7709,2646],{"class":80},[44,7711,2104],{"class":1675},[44,7713,3294],{"class":80},[44,7715,7716],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,7717,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,7719,7720,7722,7724],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,7721,525],{"class":524},[44,7723,3926],{"class":50},[44,7725,548],{"class":80},[44,7727,7728,7730,7732,7734,7737,7739],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,7729,553],{"class":94},[44,7731,98],{"class":80},[44,7733,362],{"class":58},[44,7735,7736],{"class":62},"The list is not empty",[44,7738,362],{"class":58},[44,7740,104],{"class":80},[20,7742,107],{},[35,7744,7746],{"className":37,"code":7745,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The list is not empty\n",[15,7747,7748],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7749,7750,7752,7755,7758,7761],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7751,1628],{"class":50},[44,7753,7754],{"class":1461},"list",[44,7756,7757],{"class":54}," is",[44,7759,7760],{"class":54}," not",[44,7762,7763],{"class":50}," empty\n",[20,7765,7766,7767,81],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[243,7768,7770],{"href":7769},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[30,7772,7774],{"id":7773},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,7776,7777,7778,7780],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,7779,3474],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,7782,7783],{},"It does not do that.",[267,7785,7787,2049,7790],{"id":7786},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,7788,7789],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,7791,3263],{},[35,7793,7794],{"className":37,"code":7379,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7795,7796],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7797,7798,7800,7802,7804,7806,7808,7810,7812],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7799,95],{"class":94},[44,7801,98],{"class":80},[44,7803,3529],{"class":1461},[44,7805,98],{"class":80},[44,7807,362],{"class":58},[44,7809,3335],{"class":62},[44,7811,362],{"class":58},[44,7813,370],{"class":80},[20,7815,107],{},[35,7817,7818],{"className":37,"code":3641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7819,7820],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7821,7822],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7823,3641],{"class":3513},[267,7825,7827,2049,7830],{"id":7826},"bool0-returns-true",[15,7828,7829],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,7831,3263],{},[35,7833,7835],{"className":37,"code":7834,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,7836,7837],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7838,7839,7841,7843,7845,7847,7849,7851,7853],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7840,95],{"class":94},[44,7842,98],{"class":80},[44,7844,3529],{"class":1461},[44,7846,98],{"class":80},[44,7848,362],{"class":58},[44,7850,1772],{"class":62},[44,7852,362],{"class":58},[44,7854,370],{"class":80},[20,7856,107],{},[35,7858,7859],{"className":37,"code":3641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7860,7861],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7862,7863],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7864,3641],{"class":3513},[20,7866,7867,7868,81],{},"This happens because both values are ",[830,7869,7208],{},[20,7871,7872,7874],{},[15,7873,3474],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,7876,7877,7878,7883,7884,7886],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[243,7879,7881],{"href":7880},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,7882,419],{},", because ",[15,7885,419],{}," always returns a string.",[20,7888,161],{},[35,7890,7892],{"className":37,"code":7891,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,7893,7894,7915],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7895,7896,7899,7901,7904,7906,7908,7911,7913],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7897,7898],{"class":50},"user_value ",[44,7900,55],{"class":54},[44,7902,7903],{"class":94}," input",[44,7905,98],{"class":80},[44,7907,362],{"class":58},[44,7909,7910],{"class":62},"Enter True or False: ",[44,7912,362],{"class":58},[44,7914,104],{"class":80},[44,7916,7917,7919,7921,7923,7925,7928],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,7918,95],{"class":94},[44,7920,98],{"class":80},[44,7922,3529],{"class":1461},[44,7924,98],{"class":80},[44,7926,7927],{"class":84},"user_value",[44,7929,370],{"class":80},[20,7931,7932,7933,7935,7936,7883,7938,7940],{},"If the user types ",[15,7934,3335],{},", the result will still be ",[15,7937,3263],{},[15,7939,6343],{}," is not empty.",[30,7942,7944],{"id":7943},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,7946,7947,7948,7950,7951,7953],{},"In many ",[15,7949,525],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,7952,3474],{}," yourself.",[20,7955,7956],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,7958,7959],{},"Instead of this:",[35,7961,7963],{"className":37,"code":7962,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,7964,7965,7986,7990,8004],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7966,7967,7970,7972,7974,7976,7978,7980,7982,7984],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7968,7969],{"class":50},"my_list ",[44,7971,55],{"class":54},[44,7973,3281],{"class":80},[44,7975,2643],{"class":1675},[44,7977,2646],{"class":80},[44,7979,2649],{"class":1675},[44,7981,2646],{"class":80},[44,7983,2104],{"class":1675},[44,7985,3294],{"class":80},[44,7987,7988],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,7989,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,7991,7992,7994,7996,7998,8001],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,7993,525],{"class":524},[44,7995,7641],{"class":1461},[44,7997,98],{"class":80},[44,7999,8000],{"class":84},"my_list",[44,8002,8003],{"class":80},"):\n",[44,8005,8006,8008,8010,8012,8015,8017],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,8007,553],{"class":94},[44,8009,98],{"class":80},[44,8011,362],{"class":58},[44,8013,8014],{"class":62},"List has items",[44,8016,362],{"class":58},[44,8018,104],{"class":80},[20,8020,8021],{},"You can simply write:",[35,8023,8025],{"className":37,"code":8024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8026,8027,8047,8051,8060],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8028,8029,8031,8033,8035,8037,8039,8041,8043,8045],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8030,7969],{"class":50},[44,8032,55],{"class":54},[44,8034,3281],{"class":80},[44,8036,2643],{"class":1675},[44,8038,2646],{"class":80},[44,8040,2649],{"class":1675},[44,8042,2646],{"class":80},[44,8044,2104],{"class":1675},[44,8046,3294],{"class":80},[44,8048,8049],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,8050,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,8052,8053,8055,8058],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,8054,525],{"class":524},[44,8056,8057],{"class":50}," my_list",[44,8059,548],{"class":80},[44,8061,8062,8064,8066,8068,8070,8072],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,8063,553],{"class":94},[44,8065,98],{"class":80},[44,8067,362],{"class":58},[44,8069,8014],{"class":62},[44,8071,362],{"class":58},[44,8073,104],{"class":80},[20,8075,8076],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8078,675,8079,8081],{},[15,8080,3474],{}," is still helpful when:",[139,8083,8084,8087,8095],{},[142,8085,8086],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[142,8088,8089,8090,2532,8092,8094],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8091,3263],{},[15,8093,3335],{}," value",[142,8096,8097],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8099,8100,8101,81],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[243,8102,8103],{"href":1950},"Python type() function explained",[30,8105,1238],{"id":1237},[20,8107,8108,8109,81],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8110,3474],{},[267,8112,1246,8114,8116,8117],{"id":8113},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[15,8115,7789],{}," to return ",[15,8118,3335],{},[20,8120,8121],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[35,8123,8124],{"className":37,"code":7379,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8125,8126],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8127,8128,8130,8132,8134,8136,8138,8140,8142],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8129,95],{"class":94},[44,8131,98],{"class":80},[44,8133,3529],{"class":1461},[44,8135,98],{"class":80},[44,8137,362],{"class":58},[44,8139,3335],{"class":62},[44,8141,362],{"class":58},[44,8143,370],{"class":80},[20,8145,107],{},[35,8147,8148],{"className":37,"code":3641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8149,8150],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8151,8152],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8153,3641],{"class":3513},[20,8155,8156,8157,6344],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8158,6343],{},[20,8160,8161],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[35,8163,8165],{"className":37,"code":8164,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8166,8167,8179],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8168,8169,8171,8173,8175,8177],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8170,2099],{"class":50},[44,8172,55],{"class":54},[44,8174,59],{"class":58},[44,8176,3335],{"class":62},[44,8178,66],{"class":58},[44,8180,8181,8183,8185,8187,8189,8191,8193,8195],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,8182,95],{"class":94},[44,8184,98],{"class":80},[44,8186,2099],{"class":84},[44,8188,4353],{"class":54},[44,8190,59],{"class":58},[44,8192,3263],{"class":62},[44,8194,362],{"class":58},[44,8196,104],{"class":80},[20,8198,107],{},[35,8200,8201],{"className":37,"code":3702,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8202,8203],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8204,8205],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8206,3702],{"class":3513},[267,8208,8210],{"id":8209},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8212,8213,8215],{},[15,8214,419],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[35,8217,8219],{"className":37,"code":8218,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8220,8221,8240],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8222,8223,8225,8227,8229,8231,8233,8236,8238],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8224,2099],{"class":50},[44,8226,55],{"class":54},[44,8228,7903],{"class":94},[44,8230,98],{"class":80},[44,8232,362],{"class":58},[44,8234,8235],{"class":62},"Enter yes or no: ",[44,8237,362],{"class":58},[44,8239,104],{"class":80},[44,8241,8242,8244,8246,8248,8250,8252],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,8243,95],{"class":94},[44,8245,98],{"class":80},[44,8247,3529],{"class":1461},[44,8249,98],{"class":80},[44,8251,2126],{"class":84},[44,8253,370],{"class":80},[20,8255,7932,8256,8259,8260,8262,8263,7940],{},[15,8257,8258],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8261,3263],{}," because ",[15,8264,8265],{},"\"no\"",[20,8267,8268],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[35,8270,8272],{"className":37,"code":8271,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8273,8274,8303],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8275,8276,8278,8280,8282,8284,8286,8288,8290,8293,8295,8298,8301],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8277,2099],{"class":50},[44,8279,55],{"class":54},[44,8281,7903],{"class":94},[44,8283,98],{"class":80},[44,8285,362],{"class":58},[44,8287,8235],{"class":62},[44,8289,362],{"class":58},[44,8291,8292],{"class":80},").",[44,8294,85],{"class":84},[44,8296,8297],{"class":80},"().",[44,8299,8300],{"class":84},"lower",[44,8302,88],{"class":80},[44,8304,8305,8307,8309,8311,8313,8315,8317,8319],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,8306,95],{"class":94},[44,8308,98],{"class":80},[44,8310,2099],{"class":84},[44,8312,4353],{"class":54},[44,8314,59],{"class":58},[44,8316,543],{"class":62},[44,8318,362],{"class":58},[44,8320,104],{"class":80},[20,8322,8323,8324,8326,8327,81],{},"This gives ",[15,8325,3263],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8328,543],{},[267,8330,8332],{"id":8331},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8334,8335],{},"These are different:",[139,8337,8338,8342,8346,8350,8354],{},[142,8339,8340],{},[15,8341,3335],{},[142,8343,8344],{},[15,8345,1772],{},[142,8347,8348],{},[15,8349,5937],{},[142,8351,8352],{},[15,8353,3448],{},[142,8355,8356],{},[15,8357,3439],{},[20,8359,8360,8361,8363,8364,8366],{},"They all become ",[15,8362,3335],{}," with ",[15,8365,3474],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8368,8369],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[35,8371,8373],{"className":37,"code":8372,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8374,8375,8383,8397],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8376,8377,8379,8381],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8378,2099],{"class":50},[44,8380,55],{"class":54},[44,8382,7501],{"class":80},[44,8384,8385,8387,8389,8391,8393,8395],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,8386,95],{"class":94},[44,8388,98],{"class":80},[44,8390,2880],{"class":1461},[44,8392,98],{"class":80},[44,8394,2126],{"class":84},[44,8396,370],{"class":80},[44,8398,8399,8401,8403,8405,8407,8409],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,8400,95],{"class":94},[44,8402,98],{"class":80},[44,8404,3529],{"class":1461},[44,8406,98],{"class":80},[44,8408,2126],{"class":84},[44,8410,370],{"class":80},[20,8412,107],{},[35,8414,8416],{"className":37,"code":8415,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8417,8418,8432],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8419,8420,8422,8424,8426,8428,8430],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8421,2949],{"class":54},[44,8423,2952],{"class":1717},[44,8425,2955],{"class":58},[44,8427,7754],{"class":62},[44,8429,655],{"class":58},[44,8431,2962],{"class":54},[44,8433,8434],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,8435,3702],{"class":3513},[267,8437,675,8439,8441],{"id":8438},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8440,3453],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8443,8444,8445,8447],{},"In Python, ",[15,8446,3453],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[35,8449,8451],{"className":37,"code":8450,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8452,8453],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8454,8455,8457,8459,8461],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8456,95],{"class":94},[44,8458,98],{"class":80},[44,8460,2880],{"class":1461},[44,8462,7119],{"class":80},[20,8464,107],{},[35,8466,8468],{"className":37,"code":8467,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8469,8470],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8471,8472,8474,8476,8478,8481,8483],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8473,2949],{"class":54},[44,8475,2952],{"class":1717},[44,8477,2955],{"class":58},[44,8479,8480],{"class":62},"dict",[44,8482,655],{"class":58},[44,8484,2962],{"class":54},[20,8486,8487],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[35,8489,8491],{"className":37,"code":8490,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8492,8493],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8494,8495,8497,8499,8501,8503,8505],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8496,95],{"class":94},[44,8498,98],{"class":80},[44,8500,2880],{"class":1461},[44,8502,98],{"class":80},[44,8504,5952],{"class":1461},[44,8506,642],{"class":80},[20,8508,107],{},[35,8510,8512],{"className":37,"code":8511,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8513,8514],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8515,8516,8518,8520,8522,8524,8526],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8517,2949],{"class":54},[44,8519,2952],{"class":1717},[44,8521,2955],{"class":58},[44,8523,5952],{"class":62},[44,8525,655],{"class":58},[44,8527,2962],{"class":54},[30,8529,8531],{"id":8530},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,8533,8534,8535,8537],{},"If ",[15,8536,3474],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[35,8539,8541],{"className":37,"code":8540,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,8542,8543,8557,8571,8581,8599],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8544,8545,8547,8549,8551,8553,8555],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8546,95],{"class":94},[44,8548,98],{"class":80},[44,8550,3529],{"class":1461},[44,8552,98],{"class":80},[44,8554,2126],{"class":84},[44,8556,370],{"class":80},[44,8558,8559,8561,8563,8565,8567,8569],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,8560,95],{"class":94},[44,8562,98],{"class":80},[44,8564,2880],{"class":1461},[44,8566,98],{"class":80},[44,8568,2126],{"class":84},[44,8570,370],{"class":80},[44,8572,8573,8575,8577,8579],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,8574,95],{"class":94},[44,8576,98],{"class":80},[44,8578,2126],{"class":84},[44,8580,104],{"class":80},[44,8582,8583,8585,8587,8589,8591,8593,8595,8597],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,8584,95],{"class":94},[44,8586,98],{"class":80},[44,8588,2099],{"class":84},[44,8590,4353],{"class":54},[44,8592,59],{"class":58},[44,8594,3263],{"class":62},[44,8596,362],{"class":58},[44,8598,104],{"class":80},[44,8600,8601,8603,8605,8607,8609,8611,8613,8615],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,8602,95],{"class":94},[44,8604,98],{"class":80},[44,8606,2126],{"class":84},[44,8608,81],{"class":80},[44,8610,85],{"class":84},[44,8612,8297],{"class":80},[44,8614,8300],{"class":84},[44,8616,201],{"class":80},[20,8618,8619],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[139,8621,8622,8625,8628,8631],{},[142,8623,8624],{},"what the value really is",[142,8626,8627],{},"whether it is a string",[142,8629,8630],{},"whether it contains spaces",[142,8632,8633],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,8635,8636,8637,81],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[243,8638,8640],{"href":8639},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[30,8642,1478],{"id":1477},[267,8644,8646],{"id":8645},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,8648,8649,8650,2532,8652,81],{},"It returns either ",[15,8651,3263],{},[15,8653,3335],{},[267,8655,8657],{"id":8656},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,8659,4810,8660,81],{},[15,8661,3335],{},[267,8663,8665],{"id":8664},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,8667,8668,8669,81],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,8670,3263],{},[267,8672,8674],{"id":8673},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,8676,8677,8678,81],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,8679,3335],{},[267,8681,8683],{"id":8682},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,8685,8686,8687,2532,8689,3398],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,8688,3263],{},[15,8690,3335],{},[30,8692,1545],{"id":1544},[139,8694,8695,8700,8704,8709,8713,8718],{},[142,8696,8697],{},[243,8698,8699],{"href":5442},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[142,8701,8702],{},[243,8703,7770],{"href":7769},[142,8705,8706],{},[243,8707,8708],{"href":7880},"Python input() function explained",[142,8710,8711],{},[243,8712,8103],{"href":1950},[142,8714,8715],{},[243,8716,8717],{"href":8639},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[142,8719,8720],{},[243,8721,8722],{"href":6872},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1577,8724,8725],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":8727},[8728,8729,8730,8731,8732,8733,8739,8745,8746,8754,8755,8762],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":6810,"depth":69,"text":6811},{"id":6876,"depth":69,"text":6877},{"id":6995,"depth":69,"text":6996},{"id":7189,"depth":69,"text":7190},{"id":7420,"depth":69,"text":7421,"children":8734},[8735,8736,8737,8738],{"id":7430,"depth":91,"text":7431},{"id":7528,"depth":91,"text":7529},{"id":7612,"depth":91,"text":7613},{"id":7684,"depth":91,"text":7685},{"id":7773,"depth":69,"text":7774,"children":8740},[8741,8743],{"id":7786,"depth":91,"text":8742},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":7826,"depth":91,"text":8744},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":7943,"depth":69,"text":7944},{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238,"children":8747},[8748,8750,8751,8752],{"id":8113,"depth":91,"text":8749},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8209,"depth":91,"text":8210},{"id":8331,"depth":91,"text":8332},{"id":8438,"depth":91,"text":8753},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8530,"depth":69,"text":8531},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":8756},[8757,8758,8759,8760,8761],{"id":8645,"depth":91,"text":8646},{"id":8656,"depth":91,"text":8657},{"id":8664,"depth":91,"text":8665},{"id":8673,"depth":91,"text":8674},{"id":8682,"depth":91,"text":8683},{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6638,"description":8763},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":8770,"title":8771,"body":8772,"description":10965,"extension":1611,"meta":10966,"navigation":184,"path":10967,"seo":10968,"stem":10969,"__hash__":10970},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8773,"toc":10927},[8774,8780,8786,8793,8798,8809,8816,8925,8929,8998,9003,9008,9013,9016,9027,9032,9035,9046,9053,9055,9060,9064,9089,9093,9102,9106,9169,9173,9206,9210,9255,9259,9296,9300,9303,9359,9363,9408,9411,9416,9455,9459,9482,9485,9499,9512,9516,9521,9588,9592,9628,9631,9639,9642,9706,9710,9742,9748,9750,9810,9817,9820,9898,9902,9935,9939,9942,9986,9990,10026,10029,10046,10049,10052,10105,10108,10119,10126,10135,10138,10196,10200,10241,10248,10256,10262,10270,10282,10287,10298,10371,10374,10386,10401,10405,10410,10414,10416,10459,10465,10468,10531,10535,10538,10547,10552,10589,10593,10596,10604,10607,10646,10650,10653,10704,10708,10729,10736,10738,10744,10771,10774,10829,10832,10843,10845,10852,10860,10866,10871,10878,10881,10888,10895,10897,10924],[10,8775,3234,8777,3238],{"id":8776},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,8778,8779],{},"dict()",[20,8781,8782,8783,8785],{},"The built-in ",[15,8784,8779],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,8787,8788,8789,8792],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[830,8790,8791],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,8794,8795,8797],{},[15,8796,8779],{}," is commonly used to:",[139,8799,8800,8803,8806],{},[142,8801,8802],{},"create an empty dictionary",[142,8804,8805],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[142,8807,8808],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,8810,8811,8812,81],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[243,8813,8815],{"href":8814},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[35,8817,8819],{"className":37,"code":8818,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,8820,8821,8856,8867,8871,8910],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8822,8823,8826,8828,8831,8833,8836,8838,8840,8842,8844,8846,8849,8851,8854],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8824,8825],{"class":50},"data ",[44,8827,55],{"class":54},[44,8829,8830],{"class":1461}," dict",[44,8832,98],{"class":80},[44,8834,302],{"class":8835},"s99_P",[44,8837,55],{"class":54},[44,8839,655],{"class":58},[44,8841,4666],{"class":62},[44,8843,655],{"class":58},[44,8845,2646],{"class":80},[44,8847,8848],{"class":8835}," age",[44,8850,55],{"class":54},[44,8852,8853],{"class":1675},"25",[44,8855,104],{"class":80},[44,8857,8858,8860,8862,8865],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,8859,95],{"class":94},[44,8861,98],{"class":80},[44,8863,8864],{"class":84},"data",[44,8866,104],{"class":80},[44,8868,8869],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,8870,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,8872,8873,8876,8878,8881,8883,8885,8887,8889,8891,8894,8897,8899,8901,8903,8905,8907],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,8874,8875],{"class":50},"pairs ",[44,8877,55],{"class":54},[44,8879,8880],{"class":80}," [(",[44,8882,655],{"class":58},[44,8884,243],{"class":62},[44,8886,655],{"class":58},[44,8888,2646],{"class":80},[44,8890,5162],{"class":1675},[44,8892,8893],{"class":80},"),",[44,8895,8896],{"class":80}," (",[44,8898,655],{"class":58},[44,8900,842],{"class":62},[44,8902,655],{"class":58},[44,8904,2646],{"class":80},[44,8906,2649],{"class":1675},[44,8908,8909],{"class":80},")]\n",[44,8911,8912,8914,8916,8918,8920,8923],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,8913,95],{"class":94},[44,8915,98],{"class":80},[44,8917,8480],{"class":1461},[44,8919,98],{"class":80},[44,8921,8922],{"class":84},"pairs",[44,8924,370],{"class":80},[20,8926,8927],{},[830,8928,107],{},[35,8930,8932],{"className":37,"code":8931,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,8933,8934,8970],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8935,8936,8939,8941,8943,8945,8947,8949,8951,8953,8955,8957,8960,8962,8964,8967],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8937,8938],{"class":80},"{",[44,8940,655],{"class":58},[44,8942,302],{"class":62},[44,8944,655],{"class":58},[44,8946,2539],{"class":80},[44,8948,2955],{"class":58},[44,8950,4666],{"class":62},[44,8952,655],{"class":58},[44,8954,2646],{"class":80},[44,8956,2955],{"class":58},[44,8958,8959],{"class":62},"age",[44,8961,655],{"class":58},[44,8963,2539],{"class":80},[44,8965,8966],{"class":1675}," 25",[44,8968,8969],{"class":80},"}\n",[44,8971,8972,8974,8976,8978,8980,8982,8984,8986,8988,8990,8992,8994,8996],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,8973,8938],{"class":80},[44,8975,655],{"class":58},[44,8977,243],{"class":62},[44,8979,655],{"class":58},[44,8981,2539],{"class":80},[44,8983,5162],{"class":1675},[44,8985,2646],{"class":80},[44,8987,2955],{"class":58},[44,8989,842],{"class":62},[44,8991,655],{"class":58},[44,8993,2539],{"class":80},[44,8995,2649],{"class":1675},[44,8997,8969],{"class":80},[20,8999,119,9000,9002],{},[15,9001,8779],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[30,9004,126,9006,129],{"id":9005},"what-dict-does",[15,9007,8779],{},[20,9009,9010,9012],{},[15,9011,8779],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9014,9015],{},"A dictionary:",[139,9017,9018,9021,9024],{},[142,9019,9020],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[142,9022,9023],{},"lets you look up values by key",[142,9025,9026],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9028,9029,9031],{},[15,9030,8779],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9033,9034],{},"Common uses include:",[139,9036,9037,9040,9043],{},[142,9038,9039],{},"making an empty dictionary",[142,9041,9042],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[142,9044,9045],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9047,9048,9049,81],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[243,9050,9052],{"href":9051},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[30,9054,250],{"id":249},[20,9056,9057,9059],{},[15,9058,8779],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[267,9061,9063],{"id":9062},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[35,9065,9067],{"className":37,"code":9066,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9068,9069,9079],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9070,9071,9073,9075,9077],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9072,8825],{"class":50},[44,9074,55],{"class":54},[44,9076,8830],{"class":1461},[44,9078,88],{"class":80},[44,9080,9081,9083,9085,9087],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,9082,95],{"class":94},[44,9084,98],{"class":80},[44,9086,8864],{"class":84},[44,9088,104],{"class":80},[20,9090,9091],{},[830,9092,107],{},[35,9094,9096],{"className":37,"code":9095,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{}\n",[15,9097,9098],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9099,9100],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9101,9095],{"class":80},[267,9103,9105],{"id":9104},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[35,9107,9109],{"className":37,"code":9108,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9110,9111,9145,9159],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9112,9113,9115,9117,9119,9121,9123,9125,9127,9129,9131,9133,9135,9137,9139,9141,9143],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9114,8875],{"class":50},[44,9116,55],{"class":54},[44,9118,8880],{"class":80},[44,9120,655],{"class":58},[44,9122,243],{"class":62},[44,9124,655],{"class":58},[44,9126,2646],{"class":80},[44,9128,5162],{"class":1675},[44,9130,8893],{"class":80},[44,9132,8896],{"class":80},[44,9134,655],{"class":58},[44,9136,842],{"class":62},[44,9138,655],{"class":58},[44,9140,2646],{"class":80},[44,9142,2649],{"class":1675},[44,9144,8909],{"class":80},[44,9146,9147,9149,9151,9153,9155,9157],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,9148,8825],{"class":50},[44,9150,55],{"class":54},[44,9152,8830],{"class":1461},[44,9154,98],{"class":80},[44,9156,8922],{"class":84},[44,9158,104],{"class":80},[44,9160,9161,9163,9165,9167],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,9162,95],{"class":94},[44,9164,98],{"class":80},[44,9166,8864],{"class":84},[44,9168,104],{"class":80},[20,9170,9171],{},[830,9172,107],{},[35,9174,9176],{"className":37,"code":9175,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9177,9178],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9179,9180,9182,9184,9186,9188,9190,9192,9194,9196,9198,9200,9202,9204],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9181,8938],{"class":80},[44,9183,655],{"class":58},[44,9185,243],{"class":62},[44,9187,655],{"class":58},[44,9189,2539],{"class":80},[44,9191,5162],{"class":1675},[44,9193,2646],{"class":80},[44,9195,2955],{"class":58},[44,9197,842],{"class":62},[44,9199,655],{"class":58},[44,9201,2539],{"class":80},[44,9203,2649],{"class":1675},[44,9205,8969],{"class":80},[267,9207,9209],{"id":9208},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[35,9211,9213],{"className":37,"code":9212,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9214,9215,9245],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9216,9217,9219,9221,9223,9225,9227,9229,9231,9233,9235,9237,9239,9241,9243],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9218,8825],{"class":50},[44,9220,55],{"class":54},[44,9222,8830],{"class":1461},[44,9224,98],{"class":80},[44,9226,302],{"class":8835},[44,9228,55],{"class":54},[44,9230,655],{"class":58},[44,9232,4666],{"class":62},[44,9234,655],{"class":58},[44,9236,2646],{"class":80},[44,9238,8848],{"class":8835},[44,9240,55],{"class":54},[44,9242,8853],{"class":1675},[44,9244,104],{"class":80},[44,9246,9247,9249,9251,9253],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,9248,95],{"class":94},[44,9250,98],{"class":80},[44,9252,8864],{"class":84},[44,9254,104],{"class":80},[20,9256,9257],{},[830,9258,107],{},[35,9260,9262],{"className":37,"code":9261,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9263,9264],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9265,9266,9268,9270,9272,9274,9276,9278,9280,9282,9284,9286,9288,9290,9292,9294],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9267,8938],{"class":80},[44,9269,655],{"class":58},[44,9271,302],{"class":62},[44,9273,655],{"class":58},[44,9275,2539],{"class":80},[44,9277,2955],{"class":58},[44,9279,4666],{"class":62},[44,9281,655],{"class":58},[44,9283,2646],{"class":80},[44,9285,2955],{"class":58},[44,9287,8959],{"class":62},[44,9289,655],{"class":58},[44,9291,2539],{"class":80},[44,9293,8966],{"class":1675},[44,9295,8969],{"class":80},[267,9297,9299],{"id":9298},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9301,9302],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[35,9304,9306],{"className":37,"code":9305,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9307,9308,9349],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9309,9310,9312,9314,9316,9319,9321,9323,9325,9327,9329,9332,9334,9336,9338,9340,9343,9345,9347],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9311,8825],{"class":50},[44,9313,55],{"class":54},[44,9315,8830],{"class":1461},[44,9317,9318],{"class":80},"([(",[44,9320,655],{"class":58},[44,9322,243],{"class":62},[44,9324,655],{"class":58},[44,9326,2646],{"class":80},[44,9328,5162],{"class":1675},[44,9330,9331],{"class":80},")],",[44,9333,2213],{"class":8835},[44,9335,55],{"class":54},[44,9337,1708],{"class":1675},[44,9339,2646],{"class":80},[44,9341,9342],{"class":8835}," c",[44,9344,55],{"class":54},[44,9346,1714],{"class":1675},[44,9348,104],{"class":80},[44,9350,9351,9353,9355,9357],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,9352,95],{"class":94},[44,9354,98],{"class":80},[44,9356,8864],{"class":84},[44,9358,104],{"class":80},[20,9360,9361],{},[830,9362,107],{},[35,9364,9366],{"className":37,"code":9365,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9367,9368],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9369,9370,9372,9374,9376,9378,9380,9382,9384,9386,9388,9390,9392,9394,9396,9398,9400,9402,9404,9406],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9371,8938],{"class":80},[44,9373,655],{"class":58},[44,9375,243],{"class":62},[44,9377,655],{"class":58},[44,9379,2539],{"class":80},[44,9381,5162],{"class":1675},[44,9383,2646],{"class":80},[44,9385,2955],{"class":58},[44,9387,842],{"class":62},[44,9389,655],{"class":58},[44,9391,2539],{"class":80},[44,9393,2649],{"class":1675},[44,9395,2646],{"class":80},[44,9397,2955],{"class":58},[44,9399,846],{"class":62},[44,9401,655],{"class":58},[44,9403,2539],{"class":80},[44,9405,2104],{"class":1675},[44,9407,8969],{"class":80},[30,9409,9063],{"id":9410},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9412,119,9413,9415],{},[15,9414,8779],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[35,9417,9419],{"className":37,"code":9418,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9420,9421,9431,9445],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9422,9423,9425,9427,9429],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9424,8825],{"class":50},[44,9426,55],{"class":54},[44,9428,8830],{"class":1461},[44,9430,88],{"class":80},[44,9432,9433,9435,9437,9439,9441,9443],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,9434,95],{"class":94},[44,9436,98],{"class":80},[44,9438,2880],{"class":1461},[44,9440,98],{"class":80},[44,9442,8864],{"class":84},[44,9444,370],{"class":80},[44,9446,9447,9449,9451,9453],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,9448,95],{"class":94},[44,9450,98],{"class":80},[44,9452,8864],{"class":84},[44,9454,104],{"class":80},[20,9456,9457],{},[830,9458,107],{},[35,9460,9462],{"className":37,"code":9461,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9463,9464,9478],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9465,9466,9468,9470,9472,9474,9476],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9467,2949],{"class":54},[44,9469,2952],{"class":1717},[44,9471,2955],{"class":58},[44,9473,8480],{"class":62},[44,9475,655],{"class":58},[44,9477,2962],{"class":54},[44,9479,9480],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,9481,9095],{"class":80},[20,9483,9484],{},"This gives the same result as:",[35,9486,9488],{"className":37,"code":9487,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n",[15,9489,9490],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9491,9492,9494,9496],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9493,8825],{"class":50},[44,9495,55],{"class":54},[44,9497,9498],{"class":80}," {}\n",[20,9500,9501,9502,9504,9505,9508,9509,9511],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9503,3453],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9506,9507],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,9510,8779],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[30,9513,9515],{"id":9514},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9517,9518,9519,81],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9520,8779],{},[35,9522,9524],{"className":37,"code":9523,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9525,9526,9564,9578],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9527,9528,9530,9532,9534,9536,9538,9540,9542,9544,9546,9548,9550,9552,9554,9556,9558,9560,9562],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9529,8875],{"class":50},[44,9531,55],{"class":54},[44,9533,8880],{"class":80},[44,9535,655],{"class":58},[44,9537,302],{"class":62},[44,9539,655],{"class":58},[44,9541,2646],{"class":80},[44,9543,2955],{"class":58},[44,9545,4666],{"class":62},[44,9547,655],{"class":58},[44,9549,8893],{"class":80},[44,9551,8896],{"class":80},[44,9553,655],{"class":58},[44,9555,8959],{"class":62},[44,9557,655],{"class":58},[44,9559,2646],{"class":80},[44,9561,8966],{"class":1675},[44,9563,8909],{"class":80},[44,9565,9566,9568,9570,9572,9574,9576],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,9567,8825],{"class":50},[44,9569,55],{"class":54},[44,9571,8830],{"class":1461},[44,9573,98],{"class":80},[44,9575,8922],{"class":84},[44,9577,104],{"class":80},[44,9579,9580,9582,9584,9586],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,9581,95],{"class":94},[44,9583,98],{"class":80},[44,9585,8864],{"class":84},[44,9587,104],{"class":80},[20,9589,9590],{},[830,9591,107],{},[35,9593,9594],{"className":37,"code":9261,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,9595,9596],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9597,9598,9600,9602,9604,9606,9608,9610,9612,9614,9616,9618,9620,9622,9624,9626],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9599,8938],{"class":80},[44,9601,655],{"class":58},[44,9603,302],{"class":62},[44,9605,655],{"class":58},[44,9607,2539],{"class":80},[44,9609,2955],{"class":58},[44,9611,4666],{"class":62},[44,9613,655],{"class":58},[44,9615,2646],{"class":80},[44,9617,2955],{"class":58},[44,9619,8959],{"class":62},[44,9621,655],{"class":58},[44,9623,2539],{"class":80},[44,9625,8966],{"class":1675},[44,9627,8969],{"class":80},[20,9629,9630],{},"Each pair becomes:",[139,9632,9633,9636],{},[142,9634,9635],{},"the first item as the key",[142,9637,9638],{},"the second item as the value",[20,9640,9641],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[35,9643,9645],{"className":37,"code":9644,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9646,9647,9682,9696],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9648,9649,9651,9653,9656,9658,9660,9662,9664,9666,9668,9670,9672,9674,9676,9678,9680],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9650,8875],{"class":50},[44,9652,55],{"class":54},[44,9654,9655],{"class":80}," ((",[44,9657,655],{"class":58},[44,9659,243],{"class":62},[44,9661,655],{"class":58},[44,9663,2646],{"class":80},[44,9665,5162],{"class":1675},[44,9667,8893],{"class":80},[44,9669,8896],{"class":80},[44,9671,655],{"class":58},[44,9673,842],{"class":62},[44,9675,655],{"class":58},[44,9677,2646],{"class":80},[44,9679,2649],{"class":1675},[44,9681,370],{"class":80},[44,9683,9684,9686,9688,9690,9692,9694],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,9685,8825],{"class":50},[44,9687,55],{"class":54},[44,9689,8830],{"class":1461},[44,9691,98],{"class":80},[44,9693,8922],{"class":84},[44,9695,104],{"class":80},[44,9697,9698,9700,9702,9704],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,9699,95],{"class":94},[44,9701,98],{"class":80},[44,9703,8864],{"class":84},[44,9705,104],{"class":80},[20,9707,9708],{},[830,9709,107],{},[35,9711,9712],{"className":37,"code":9175,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,9713,9714],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9715,9716,9718,9720,9722,9724,9726,9728,9730,9732,9734,9736,9738,9740],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9717,8938],{"class":80},[44,9719,655],{"class":58},[44,9721,243],{"class":62},[44,9723,655],{"class":58},[44,9725,2539],{"class":80},[44,9727,5162],{"class":1675},[44,9729,2646],{"class":80},[44,9731,2955],{"class":58},[44,9733,842],{"class":62},[44,9735,655],{"class":58},[44,9737,2539],{"class":80},[44,9739,2649],{"class":1675},[44,9741,8969],{"class":80},[20,9743,9744,9745,81],{},"Each item must contain ",[830,9746,9747],{},"exactly two elements",[20,9749,2490],{},[35,9751,9753],{"className":37,"code":9752,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,9754,9755,9795],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9756,9757,9760,9762,9764,9766,9768,9770,9772,9774,9776,9779,9781,9783,9785,9787,9789,9791,9793],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9758,9759],{"class":50},"bad_data ",[44,9761,55],{"class":54},[44,9763,8880],{"class":80},[44,9765,655],{"class":58},[44,9767,243],{"class":62},[44,9769,655],{"class":58},[44,9771,2646],{"class":80},[44,9773,5162],{"class":1675},[44,9775,2646],{"class":80},[44,9777,9778],{"class":1675}," 100",[44,9780,8893],{"class":80},[44,9782,8896],{"class":80},[44,9784,655],{"class":58},[44,9786,842],{"class":62},[44,9788,655],{"class":58},[44,9790,2646],{"class":80},[44,9792,2649],{"class":1675},[44,9794,8909],{"class":80},[44,9796,9797,9799,9801,9803,9805,9808],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,9798,1880],{"class":50},[44,9800,55],{"class":54},[44,9802,8830],{"class":1461},[44,9804,98],{"class":80},[44,9806,9807],{"class":84},"bad_data",[44,9809,104],{"class":80},[20,9811,9812,9813,9816],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,9814,9815],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,9818,9819],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[35,9821,9823],{"className":37,"code":9822,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9824,9825,9874,9888],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9826,9827,9829,9831,9833,9835,9837,9839,9841,9843,9845,9847,9849,9851,9853,9855,9858,9860,9862,9864,9866,9868,9870,9872],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9828,8875],{"class":50},[44,9830,55],{"class":54},[44,9832,8880],{"class":80},[44,9834,655],{"class":58},[44,9836,243],{"class":62},[44,9838,655],{"class":58},[44,9840,2646],{"class":80},[44,9842,5162],{"class":1675},[44,9844,8893],{"class":80},[44,9846,8896],{"class":80},[44,9848,655],{"class":58},[44,9850,243],{"class":62},[44,9852,655],{"class":58},[44,9854,2646],{"class":80},[44,9856,9857],{"class":1675}," 99",[44,9859,8893],{"class":80},[44,9861,8896],{"class":80},[44,9863,655],{"class":58},[44,9865,842],{"class":62},[44,9867,655],{"class":58},[44,9869,2646],{"class":80},[44,9871,2649],{"class":1675},[44,9873,8909],{"class":80},[44,9875,9876,9878,9880,9882,9884,9886],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,9877,8825],{"class":50},[44,9879,55],{"class":54},[44,9881,8830],{"class":1461},[44,9883,98],{"class":80},[44,9885,8922],{"class":84},[44,9887,104],{"class":80},[44,9889,9890,9892,9894,9896],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,9891,95],{"class":94},[44,9893,98],{"class":80},[44,9895,8864],{"class":84},[44,9897,104],{"class":80},[20,9899,9900],{},[830,9901,107],{},[35,9903,9905],{"className":37,"code":9904,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9906,9907],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9908,9909,9911,9913,9915,9917,9919,9921,9923,9925,9927,9929,9931,9933],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9910,8938],{"class":80},[44,9912,655],{"class":58},[44,9914,243],{"class":62},[44,9916,655],{"class":58},[44,9918,2539],{"class":80},[44,9920,9857],{"class":1675},[44,9922,2646],{"class":80},[44,9924,2955],{"class":58},[44,9926,842],{"class":62},[44,9928,655],{"class":58},[44,9930,2539],{"class":80},[44,9932,2649],{"class":1675},[44,9934,8969],{"class":80},[30,9936,9938],{"id":9937},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,9940,9941],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[35,9943,9944],{"className":37,"code":9212,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,9945,9946,9976],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9947,9948,9950,9952,9954,9956,9958,9960,9962,9964,9966,9968,9970,9972,9974],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9949,8825],{"class":50},[44,9951,55],{"class":54},[44,9953,8830],{"class":1461},[44,9955,98],{"class":80},[44,9957,302],{"class":8835},[44,9959,55],{"class":54},[44,9961,655],{"class":58},[44,9963,4666],{"class":62},[44,9965,655],{"class":58},[44,9967,2646],{"class":80},[44,9969,8848],{"class":8835},[44,9971,55],{"class":54},[44,9973,8853],{"class":1675},[44,9975,104],{"class":80},[44,9977,9978,9980,9982,9984],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,9979,95],{"class":94},[44,9981,98],{"class":80},[44,9983,8864],{"class":84},[44,9985,104],{"class":80},[20,9987,9988],{},[830,9989,107],{},[35,9991,9992],{"className":37,"code":9261,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,9993,9994],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9995,9996,9998,10000,10002,10004,10006,10008,10010,10012,10014,10016,10018,10020,10022,10024],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9997,8938],{"class":80},[44,9999,655],{"class":58},[44,10001,302],{"class":62},[44,10003,655],{"class":58},[44,10005,2539],{"class":80},[44,10007,2955],{"class":58},[44,10009,4666],{"class":62},[44,10011,655],{"class":58},[44,10013,2646],{"class":80},[44,10015,2955],{"class":58},[44,10017,8959],{"class":62},[44,10019,655],{"class":58},[44,10021,2539],{"class":80},[44,10023,8966],{"class":1675},[44,10025,8969],{"class":80},[20,10027,10028],{},"In this form:",[139,10030,10031,10039],{},[142,10032,10033,10035,10036],{},[15,10034,302],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10037,10038],{},"'name'",[142,10040,10041,10035,10043],{},[15,10042,8959],{},[15,10044,10045],{},"'age'",[20,10047,10048],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10050,10051],{},"Valid examples:",[35,10053,10055],{"className":37,"code":10054,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10056,10057,10095],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10058,10059,10061,10063,10065,10067,10070,10072,10074,10077,10079,10081,10084,10086,10088,10091,10093],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10060,8825],{"class":50},[44,10062,55],{"class":54},[44,10064,8830],{"class":1461},[44,10066,98],{"class":80},[44,10068,10069],{"class":8835},"city",[44,10071,55],{"class":54},[44,10073,655],{"class":58},[44,10075,10076],{"class":62},"Paris",[44,10078,655],{"class":58},[44,10080,2646],{"class":80},[44,10082,10083],{"class":8835}," country",[44,10085,55],{"class":54},[44,10087,655],{"class":58},[44,10089,10090],{"class":62},"France",[44,10092,655],{"class":58},[44,10094,104],{"class":80},[44,10096,10097,10099,10101,10103],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,10098,95],{"class":94},[44,10100,98],{"class":80},[44,10102,8864],{"class":84},[44,10104,104],{"class":80},[20,10106,10107],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[139,10109,10110,10113,10116],{},[142,10111,10112],{},"spaces",[142,10114,10115],{},"hyphens",[142,10117,10118],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10120,10121,10122,10125],{},"For example, this is ",[830,10123,10124],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[35,10127,10129],{"className":37,"code":10128,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10130,10131],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10132,10133],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10134,10128],{"class":3324},[20,10136,10137],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[35,10139,10141],{"className":37,"code":10140,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10142,10143,10186],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10144,10145,10147,10149,10152,10154,10157,10159,10161,10163,10165,10167,10169,10171,10174,10176,10178,10180,10182,10184],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10146,8825],{"class":50},[44,10148,55],{"class":54},[44,10150,10151],{"class":80}," {",[44,10153,655],{"class":58},[44,10155,10156],{"class":62},"first-name",[44,10158,655],{"class":58},[44,10160,2539],{"class":80},[44,10162,2955],{"class":58},[44,10164,7338],{"class":62},[44,10166,655],{"class":58},[44,10168,2646],{"class":80},[44,10170,2955],{"class":58},[44,10172,10173],{"class":62},"first name",[44,10175,655],{"class":58},[44,10177,2539],{"class":80},[44,10179,2955],{"class":58},[44,10181,7338],{"class":62},[44,10183,655],{"class":58},[44,10185,8969],{"class":80},[44,10187,10188,10190,10192,10194],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,10189,95],{"class":94},[44,10191,98],{"class":80},[44,10193,8864],{"class":84},[44,10195,104],{"class":80},[20,10197,10198],{},[830,10199,107],{},[35,10201,10203],{"className":37,"code":10202,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10204,10205],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10206,10207,10209,10211,10213,10215,10217,10219,10221,10223,10225,10227,10229,10231,10233,10235,10237,10239],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10208,8938],{"class":80},[44,10210,655],{"class":58},[44,10212,10156],{"class":62},[44,10214,655],{"class":58},[44,10216,2539],{"class":80},[44,10218,2955],{"class":58},[44,10220,7338],{"class":62},[44,10222,655],{"class":58},[44,10224,2646],{"class":80},[44,10226,2955],{"class":58},[44,10228,10173],{"class":62},[44,10230,655],{"class":58},[44,10232,2539],{"class":80},[44,10234,2955],{"class":58},[44,10236,7338],{"class":62},[44,10238,655],{"class":58},[44,10240,8969],{"class":80},[30,10242,10244,866,10246],{"id":10243},"dict-vs",[15,10245,8779],{},[15,10247,3453],{},[20,10249,10250,10251,4057,10253,10255],{},"Both ",[15,10252,8779],{},[15,10254,3453],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[267,10257,119,10259,10261],{"id":10258},"use-when",[15,10260,3453],{}," when:",[139,10263,10264,10267],{},[142,10265,10266],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[142,10268,10269],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[35,10271,10272],{"className":37,"code":9487,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,10273,10274],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10275,10276,10278,10280],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10277,8825],{"class":50},[44,10279,55],{"class":54},[44,10281,9498],{"class":80},[267,10283,119,10285,10261],{"id":10284},"use-dict-when",[15,10286,8779],{},[139,10288,10289,10292,10295],{},[142,10290,10291],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[142,10293,10294],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[142,10296,10297],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[35,10299,10301],{"className":37,"code":10300,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10302,10303,10340],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10304,10305,10307,10309,10311,10313,10315,10317,10319,10321,10323,10325,10327,10329,10331,10333,10335,10337],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10306,8825],{"class":50},[44,10308,55],{"class":54},[44,10310,8830],{"class":1461},[44,10312,9318],{"class":80},[44,10314,655],{"class":58},[44,10316,243],{"class":62},[44,10318,655],{"class":58},[44,10320,2646],{"class":80},[44,10322,5162],{"class":1675},[44,10324,8893],{"class":80},[44,10326,8896],{"class":80},[44,10328,655],{"class":58},[44,10330,842],{"class":62},[44,10332,655],{"class":58},[44,10334,2646],{"class":80},[44,10336,2649],{"class":1675},[44,10338,10339],{"class":80},")])\n",[44,10341,10342,10345,10347,10349,10351,10353,10355,10357,10359,10361,10363,10365,10367,10369],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,10343,10344],{"class":50},"info ",[44,10346,55],{"class":54},[44,10348,8830],{"class":1461},[44,10350,98],{"class":80},[44,10352,302],{"class":8835},[44,10354,55],{"class":54},[44,10356,655],{"class":58},[44,10358,4666],{"class":62},[44,10360,655],{"class":58},[44,10362,2646],{"class":80},[44,10364,8848],{"class":8835},[44,10366,55],{"class":54},[44,10368,8853],{"class":1675},[44,10370,104],{"class":80},[20,10372,10373],{},"So:",[139,10375,10376,10381],{},[142,10377,10378,10380],{},[15,10379,3453],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[142,10382,10383,10385],{},[15,10384,8779],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10387,10388,10389,10393,10394,81],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[243,10390,10392],{"href":10391},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[243,10395,10397,10398,1555],{"href":10396},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10399,10400],{},"get()",[30,10402,10404],{"id":10403},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10406,10407,10408,81],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10409,8779],{},[267,10411,10413],{"id":10412},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10415,4190],{},[35,10417,10419],{"className":37,"code":10418,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10420,10421,10445],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10422,10423,10425,10427,10429,10431,10433,10435,10437,10439,10441,10443],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10424,7441],{"class":50},[44,10426,55],{"class":54},[44,10428,3281],{"class":80},[44,10430,655],{"class":58},[44,10432,243],{"class":62},[44,10434,655],{"class":58},[44,10436,2646],{"class":80},[44,10438,2955],{"class":58},[44,10440,842],{"class":62},[44,10442,655],{"class":58},[44,10444,3294],{"class":80},[44,10446,10447,10449,10451,10453,10455,10457],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,10448,8825],{"class":50},[44,10450,55],{"class":54},[44,10452,8830],{"class":1461},[44,10454,98],{"class":80},[44,10456,7472],{"class":84},[44,10458,104],{"class":80},[20,10460,10461,10462,81],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10463,10464],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10466,10467],{},"Correct version:",[35,10469,10471],{"className":37,"code":10470,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10472,10473,10507,10521],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10474,10475,10477,10479,10481,10483,10485,10487,10489,10491,10493,10495,10497,10499,10501,10503,10505],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10476,7441],{"class":50},[44,10478,55],{"class":54},[44,10480,8880],{"class":80},[44,10482,655],{"class":58},[44,10484,243],{"class":62},[44,10486,655],{"class":58},[44,10488,2646],{"class":80},[44,10490,5162],{"class":1675},[44,10492,8893],{"class":80},[44,10494,8896],{"class":80},[44,10496,655],{"class":58},[44,10498,842],{"class":62},[44,10500,655],{"class":58},[44,10502,2646],{"class":80},[44,10504,2649],{"class":1675},[44,10506,8909],{"class":80},[44,10508,10509,10511,10513,10515,10517,10519],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,10510,8825],{"class":50},[44,10512,55],{"class":54},[44,10514,8830],{"class":1461},[44,10516,98],{"class":80},[44,10518,7472],{"class":84},[44,10520,104],{"class":80},[44,10522,10523,10525,10527,10529],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,10524,95],{"class":94},[44,10526,98],{"class":80},[44,10528,8864],{"class":84},[44,10530,104],{"class":80},[267,10532,10534],{"id":10533},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10536,10537],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[35,10539,10541],{"className":37,"code":10540,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,10542,10543],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10544,10545],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10546,10540],{"class":3324},[20,10548,10549,10550,2539],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,10551,55],{},[35,10553,10555],{"className":37,"code":10554,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10556,10557,10579],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10558,10559,10561,10563,10565,10567,10569,10571,10573,10575,10577],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10560,8825],{"class":50},[44,10562,55],{"class":54},[44,10564,8830],{"class":1461},[44,10566,98],{"class":80},[44,10568,302],{"class":8835},[44,10570,55],{"class":54},[44,10572,655],{"class":58},[44,10574,4666],{"class":62},[44,10576,655],{"class":58},[44,10578,104],{"class":80},[44,10580,10581,10583,10585,10587],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,10582,95],{"class":94},[44,10584,98],{"class":80},[44,10586,8864],{"class":84},[44,10588,104],{"class":80},[267,10590,10592],{"id":10591},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,10594,10595],{},"This will not work:",[35,10597,10598],{"className":37,"code":10128,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,10599,10600],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10601,10602],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10603,10128],{"class":3324},[20,10605,10606],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[35,10608,10610],{"className":37,"code":10609,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10611,10612,10636],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10613,10614,10616,10618,10620,10622,10624,10626,10628,10630,10632,10634],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10615,8825],{"class":50},[44,10617,55],{"class":54},[44,10619,10151],{"class":80},[44,10621,655],{"class":58},[44,10623,10156],{"class":62},[44,10625,655],{"class":58},[44,10627,2539],{"class":80},[44,10629,2955],{"class":58},[44,10631,7338],{"class":62},[44,10633,655],{"class":58},[44,10635,8969],{"class":80},[44,10637,10638,10640,10642,10644],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,10639,95],{"class":94},[44,10641,98],{"class":80},[44,10643,8864],{"class":84},[44,10645,104],{"class":80},[267,10647,10649],{"id":10648},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,10651,10652],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[35,10654,10656],{"className":37,"code":10655,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,10657,10658,10694],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10659,10660,10662,10664,10666,10668,10670,10672,10674,10676,10678,10680,10682,10684,10686,10688,10690,10692],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10661,8825],{"class":50},[44,10663,55],{"class":54},[44,10665,8830],{"class":1461},[44,10667,9318],{"class":80},[44,10669,655],{"class":58},[44,10671,1110],{"class":62},[44,10673,655],{"class":58},[44,10675,2646],{"class":80},[44,10677,5162],{"class":1675},[44,10679,8893],{"class":80},[44,10681,8896],{"class":80},[44,10683,655],{"class":58},[44,10685,1110],{"class":62},[44,10687,655],{"class":58},[44,10689,2646],{"class":80},[44,10691,2649],{"class":1675},[44,10693,10339],{"class":80},[44,10695,10696,10698,10700,10702],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,10697,95],{"class":94},[44,10699,98],{"class":80},[44,10701,8864],{"class":84},[44,10703,104],{"class":80},[20,10705,10706],{},[830,10707,107],{},[35,10709,10711],{"className":37,"code":10710,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,10712,10713],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10714,10715,10717,10719,10721,10723,10725,10727],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10716,8938],{"class":80},[44,10718,655],{"class":58},[44,10720,1110],{"class":62},[44,10722,655],{"class":58},[44,10724,2539],{"class":80},[44,10726,2649],{"class":1675},[44,10728,8969],{"class":80},[20,10730,10731,10732,81],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[243,10733,10735],{"href":10734},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[30,10737,1238],{"id":1237},[20,10739,10740,10741,10743],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,10742,8779],{}," include:",[139,10745,10746,10756,10762,10765],{},[142,10747,10748,10749,10752,10753],{},"passing a list like ",[15,10750,10751],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,10754,10755],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[142,10757,10758,10759],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,10760,10761],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[142,10763,10764],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[142,10766,10767,10768,10770],{},"confusing ",[15,10769,8779],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,10772,10773],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[35,10775,10777],{"className":37,"code":10776,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,10778,10779,10793,10803,10814],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10780,10781,10783,10785,10787,10789,10791],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10782,95],{"class":94},[44,10784,98],{"class":80},[44,10786,2880],{"class":1461},[44,10788,98],{"class":80},[44,10790,8864],{"class":84},[44,10792,370],{"class":80},[44,10794,10795,10797,10799,10801],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,10796,95],{"class":94},[44,10798,98],{"class":80},[44,10800,8864],{"class":84},[44,10802,104],{"class":80},[44,10804,10805,10807,10809,10812],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,10806,95],{"class":94},[44,10808,98],{"class":80},[44,10810,10811],{"class":84},"list_of_pairs",[44,10813,104],{"class":80},[44,10815,10816,10818,10820,10823,10825,10827],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,10817,95],{"class":94},[44,10819,98],{"class":80},[44,10821,10822],{"class":94},"len",[44,10824,98],{"class":80},[44,10826,10811],{"class":84},[44,10828,370],{"class":80},[20,10830,10831],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[139,10833,10834,10837,10840],{},[142,10835,10836],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[142,10838,10839],{},"what data is being passed in",[142,10841,10842],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[30,10844,1478],{"id":1477},[267,10846,4842,10848,4057,10850,1520],{"id":10847},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,10849,8779],{},[15,10851,3453],{},[20,10853,10854,10856,10857,10859],{},[15,10855,3453],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,10858,8779],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[267,10861,4832,10863,10865],{"id":10862},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,10864,8779],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,10867,10868,10869,81],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,10870,10755],{},[267,10872,4820,10874,10877],{"id":10873},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,10875,10876],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,10879,10880],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[267,10882,10884,10885,10887],{"id":10883},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,10886,8779],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,10889,10890,10891,10894],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,10892,10893],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[30,10896,1545],{"id":1544},[139,10898,10899,10904,10908,10913,10919],{},[142,10900,10901],{},[243,10902,10903],{"href":9051},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[142,10905,10906],{},[243,10907,8815],{"href":8814},[142,10909,10910],{},[243,10911,10912],{"href":10391},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[142,10914,10915],{},[243,10916,10397,10917,1555],{"href":10396},[15,10918,10400],{},[142,10920,10921],{},[243,10922,10923],{"href":10734},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1577,10925,10926],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":10928},[10929,10931,10937,10938,10939,10940,10947,10953,10954,10964],{"id":9005,"depth":69,"text":10930},"What dict() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250,"children":10932},[10933,10934,10935,10936],{"id":9062,"depth":91,"text":9063},{"id":9104,"depth":91,"text":9105},{"id":9208,"depth":91,"text":9209},{"id":9298,"depth":91,"text":9299},{"id":9410,"depth":69,"text":9063},{"id":9514,"depth":69,"text":9515},{"id":9937,"depth":69,"text":9938},{"id":10243,"depth":69,"text":10941,"children":10942},"dict() vs {}",[10943,10945],{"id":10258,"depth":91,"text":10944},"Use {} when:",{"id":10284,"depth":91,"text":10946},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10403,"depth":69,"text":10404,"children":10948},[10949,10950,10951,10952],{"id":10412,"depth":91,"text":10413},{"id":10533,"depth":91,"text":10534},{"id":10591,"depth":91,"text":10592},{"id":10648,"depth":91,"text":10649},{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":10955},[10956,10958,10960,10962],{"id":10847,"depth":91,"text":10957},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":10862,"depth":91,"text":10959},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":10873,"depth":91,"text":10961},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":10883,"depth":91,"text":10963},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":8771,"description":10965},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":10972,"title":10973,"body":10974,"description":12484,"extension":1611,"meta":12485,"navigation":184,"path":12486,"seo":12487,"stem":12488,"__hash__":12489},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":10975,"toc":12453},[10976,10983,10989,10996,10998,11059,11064,11069,11074,11092,11095,11099,11101,11117,11120,11133,11137,11140,11274,11276,11343,11346,11362,11368,11374,11377,11459,11461,11475,11479,11485,11550,11552,11560,11563,11586,11592,11655,11661,11664,11678,11691,11695,11706,11711,11722,11729,11733,11739,11861,11863,11889,11892,11909,11912,12023,12025,12074,12076,12089,12098,12103,12108,12119,12121,12224,12247,12249,12253,12272,12275,12333,12336,12362,12364,12370,12373,12379,12383,12390,12398,12404,12407,12409,12450],[10,10977,10979,10980,18],{"id":10978},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,10981,10982],{},"clear()",[20,10984,10985,10988],{},[15,10986,10987],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,10990,10991,10992,10995],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[830,10993,10994],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[30,10997,1653],{"id":1652},[35,10999,11001],{"className":37,"code":11000,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11002,11003,11035,11046],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11004,11005,11007,11009,11011,11013,11015,11017,11019,11021,11023,11025,11027,11029,11031,11033],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11006,8825],{"class":50},[44,11008,55],{"class":54},[44,11010,10151],{"class":80},[44,11012,362],{"class":58},[44,11014,243],{"class":62},[44,11016,362],{"class":58},[44,11018,2539],{"class":80},[44,11020,5162],{"class":1675},[44,11022,2646],{"class":80},[44,11024,59],{"class":58},[44,11026,842],{"class":62},[44,11028,362],{"class":58},[44,11030,2539],{"class":80},[44,11032,2649],{"class":1675},[44,11034,8969],{"class":80},[44,11036,11037,11039,11041,11044],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,11038,8864],{"class":50},[44,11040,81],{"class":80},[44,11042,11043],{"class":84},"clear",[44,11045,88],{"class":80},[44,11047,11048,11050,11052,11054,11056],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,11049,95],{"class":94},[44,11051,98],{"class":80},[44,11053,8864],{"class":84},[44,11055,3321],{"class":80},[44,11057,11058],{"class":3324},"  # {}\n",[20,11060,11061,11063],{},[15,11062,10982],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[30,11065,126,11067,129],{"id":11066},"what-clear-does",[15,11068,10982],{},[20,11070,1628,11071,11073],{},[15,11072,10982],{}," method:",[139,11075,11076,11079,11082,11087],{},[142,11077,11078],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[142,11080,11081],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[142,11083,11084,11085],{},"Returns ",[15,11086,3439],{},[142,11088,11089,11090],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11091,3453],{},[20,11093,11094],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11096,8811,11097,81],{},[243,11098,8815],{"href":8814},[30,11100,250],{"id":249},[35,11102,11104],{"className":37,"code":11103,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11105,11106],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11107,11108,11111,11113,11115],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11109,11110],{"class":50},"my_dict",[44,11112,81],{"class":80},[44,11114,11043],{"class":84},[44,11116,88],{"class":80},[20,11118,11119],{},"Important points:",[139,11121,11122,11127,11130],{},[142,11123,11124,11126],{},[15,11125,10982],{}," takes no arguments",[142,11128,11129],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[142,11131,11132],{},"It empties that dictionary",[30,11134,11136],{"id":11135},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,11138,11139],{},"Here is a basic example:",[35,11141,11143],{"className":37,"code":11142,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11144,11145,11155,11176,11190,11207,11211,11215,11235,11239,11250,11254],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11146,11147,11150,11152],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11148,11149],{"class":50},"user ",[44,11151,55],{"class":54},[44,11153,11154],{"class":80}," {\n",[44,11156,11157,11160,11162,11164,11166,11168,11171,11173],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,11158,11159],{"class":58},"    \"",[44,11161,302],{"class":62},[44,11163,362],{"class":58},[44,11165,2539],{"class":80},[44,11167,59],{"class":58},[44,11169,11170],{"class":62},"Maya",[44,11172,362],{"class":58},[44,11174,11175],{"class":80},",\n",[44,11177,11178,11180,11182,11184,11186,11188],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,11179,11159],{"class":58},[44,11181,8959],{"class":62},[44,11183,362],{"class":58},[44,11185,2539],{"class":80},[44,11187,8966],{"class":1675},[44,11189,11175],{"class":80},[44,11191,11192,11194,11196,11198,11200,11202,11205],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,11193,11159],{"class":58},[44,11195,10069],{"class":62},[44,11197,362],{"class":58},[44,11199,2539],{"class":80},[44,11201,59],{"class":58},[44,11203,11204],{"class":62},"Berlin",[44,11206,66],{"class":58},[44,11208,11209],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,11210,8969],{"class":80},[44,11212,11213],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,11214,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,11216,11217,11219,11221,11223,11226,11228,11230,11233],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,11218,95],{"class":94},[44,11220,98],{"class":80},[44,11222,362],{"class":58},[44,11224,11225],{"class":62},"Before:",[44,11227,362],{"class":58},[44,11229,2646],{"class":80},[44,11231,11232],{"class":84}," user",[44,11234,104],{"class":80},[44,11236,11237],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,11238,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,11240,11241,11244,11246,11248],{"class":46,"line":6095},[44,11242,11243],{"class":50},"user",[44,11245,81],{"class":80},[44,11247,11043],{"class":84},[44,11249,88],{"class":80},[44,11251,11252],{"class":46,"line":6100},[44,11253,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,11255,11257,11259,11261,11263,11266,11268,11270,11272],{"class":46,"line":11256},11,[44,11258,95],{"class":94},[44,11260,98],{"class":80},[44,11262,362],{"class":58},[44,11264,11265],{"class":62},"After:",[44,11267,362],{"class":58},[44,11269,2646],{"class":80},[44,11271,11232],{"class":84},[44,11273,104],{"class":80},[20,11275,5224],{},[35,11277,11279],{"className":37,"code":11278,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11280,11281,11334],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11282,11283,11286,11288,11290,11292,11294,11296,11298,11300,11302,11304,11306,11308,11310,11312,11314,11316,11318,11320,11322,11324,11326,11328,11330,11332],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11284,11285],{"class":50},"Before",[44,11287,2539],{"class":80},[44,11289,10151],{"class":80},[44,11291,655],{"class":58},[44,11293,302],{"class":62},[44,11295,655],{"class":58},[44,11297,2539],{"class":80},[44,11299,2955],{"class":58},[44,11301,11170],{"class":62},[44,11303,655],{"class":58},[44,11305,2646],{"class":80},[44,11307,2955],{"class":58},[44,11309,8959],{"class":62},[44,11311,655],{"class":58},[44,11313,2539],{"class":80},[44,11315,8966],{"class":1675},[44,11317,2646],{"class":80},[44,11319,2955],{"class":58},[44,11321,10069],{"class":62},[44,11323,655],{"class":58},[44,11325,2539],{"class":80},[44,11327,2955],{"class":58},[44,11329,11204],{"class":62},[44,11331,655],{"class":58},[44,11333,8969],{"class":80},[44,11335,11336,11339,11341],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,11337,11338],{"class":50},"After",[44,11340,2539],{"class":80},[44,11342,9498],{"class":80},[20,11344,11345],{},"What happens here:",[139,11347,11348,11353,11359],{},[142,11349,11350,11352],{},[15,11351,11243],{}," starts with three items",[142,11354,11355,11358],{},[15,11356,11357],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[142,11360,11361],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[30,11363,126,11365,11367],{"id":11364},"what-clear-returns",[15,11366,10982],{}," returns",[20,11369,11370,2049,11372,81],{},[15,11371,10982],{},[15,11373,3439],{},[20,11375,11376],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[35,11378,11380],{"className":37,"code":11379,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11381,11382,11416,11420,11435,11439,11449],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11383,11384,11387,11389,11391,11393,11395,11397,11399,11401,11403,11405,11408,11410,11412,11414],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11385,11386],{"class":50},"my_dict ",[44,11388,55],{"class":54},[44,11390,10151],{"class":80},[44,11392,362],{"class":58},[44,11394,1110],{"class":62},[44,11396,362],{"class":58},[44,11398,2539],{"class":80},[44,11400,5162],{"class":1675},[44,11402,2646],{"class":80},[44,11404,59],{"class":58},[44,11406,11407],{"class":62},"y",[44,11409,362],{"class":58},[44,11411,2539],{"class":80},[44,11413,2649],{"class":1675},[44,11415,8969],{"class":80},[44,11417,11418],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,11419,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,11421,11422,11424,11426,11429,11431,11433],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,11423,1880],{"class":50},[44,11425,55],{"class":54},[44,11427,11428],{"class":50}," my_dict",[44,11430,81],{"class":80},[44,11432,11043],{"class":84},[44,11434,88],{"class":80},[44,11436,11437],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,11438,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,11440,11441,11443,11445,11447],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,11442,95],{"class":94},[44,11444,98],{"class":80},[44,11446,1915],{"class":84},[44,11448,104],{"class":80},[44,11450,11451,11453,11455,11457],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,11452,95],{"class":94},[44,11454,98],{"class":80},[44,11456,11110],{"class":84},[44,11458,104],{"class":80},[20,11460,107],{},[35,11462,11464],{"className":37,"code":11463,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n{}\n",[15,11465,11466,11471],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11467,11468],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11469,11470],{"class":3513},"None\n",[44,11472,11473],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,11474,9095],{"class":80},[267,11476,11478],{"id":11477},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11480,11481,11482,11484],{},"Do ",[830,11483,832],{}," do this:",[35,11486,11488],{"className":37,"code":11487,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11489,11490,11522,11536,11540],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11491,11492,11494,11496,11498,11500,11502,11504,11506,11508,11510,11512,11514,11516,11518,11520],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11493,11386],{"class":50},[44,11495,55],{"class":54},[44,11497,10151],{"class":80},[44,11499,362],{"class":58},[44,11501,1110],{"class":62},[44,11503,362],{"class":58},[44,11505,2539],{"class":80},[44,11507,5162],{"class":1675},[44,11509,2646],{"class":80},[44,11511,59],{"class":58},[44,11513,11407],{"class":62},[44,11515,362],{"class":58},[44,11517,2539],{"class":80},[44,11519,2649],{"class":1675},[44,11521,8969],{"class":80},[44,11523,11524,11526,11528,11530,11532,11534],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,11525,11386],{"class":50},[44,11527,55],{"class":54},[44,11529,11428],{"class":50},[44,11531,81],{"class":80},[44,11533,11043],{"class":84},[44,11535,88],{"class":80},[44,11537,11538],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,11539,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,11541,11542,11544,11546,11548],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,11543,95],{"class":94},[44,11545,98],{"class":80},[44,11547,11110],{"class":84},[44,11549,104],{"class":80},[20,11551,107],{},[35,11553,11554],{"className":37,"code":11470,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,11555,11556],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11557,11558],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11559,11470],{"class":3513},[20,11561,11562],{},"Why this happens:",[139,11564,11565,11571,11576],{},[142,11566,11567,11570],{},[15,11568,11569],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[142,11572,11573,11574],{},"The method returns ",[15,11575,3439],{},[142,11577,11578,11579,11582,11583,11585],{},"Then ",[15,11580,11581],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,11584,3439],{}," in the variable",[20,11587,11588,11589,11591],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,11590,10982],{}," by itself:",[35,11593,11595],{"className":37,"code":11594,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,11596,11597,11629,11639,11643],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11598,11599,11601,11603,11605,11607,11609,11611,11613,11615,11617,11619,11621,11623,11625,11627],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11600,11386],{"class":50},[44,11602,55],{"class":54},[44,11604,10151],{"class":80},[44,11606,362],{"class":58},[44,11608,1110],{"class":62},[44,11610,362],{"class":58},[44,11612,2539],{"class":80},[44,11614,5162],{"class":1675},[44,11616,2646],{"class":80},[44,11618,59],{"class":58},[44,11620,11407],{"class":62},[44,11622,362],{"class":58},[44,11624,2539],{"class":80},[44,11626,2649],{"class":1675},[44,11628,8969],{"class":80},[44,11630,11631,11633,11635,11637],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,11632,11110],{"class":50},[44,11634,81],{"class":80},[44,11636,11043],{"class":84},[44,11638,88],{"class":80},[44,11640,11641],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,11642,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,11644,11645,11647,11649,11651,11653],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,11646,95],{"class":94},[44,11648,98],{"class":80},[44,11650,11110],{"class":84},[44,11652,3321],{"class":80},[44,11654,11058],{"class":3324},[30,11656,11658,11660],{"id":11657},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,11659,10982],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,11662,11663],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[35,11665,11666],{"className":37,"code":11103,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,11667,11668],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11669,11670,11672,11674,11676],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11671,11110],{"class":50},[44,11673,81],{"class":80},[44,11675,11043],{"class":84},[44,11677,88],{"class":80},[35,11679,11681],{"className":37,"code":11680,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,11682,11683],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11684,11685,11687,11689],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11686,11386],{"class":50},[44,11688,55],{"class":54},[44,11690,9498],{"class":80},[267,11692,11693],{"id":11043},[15,11694,10982],{},[139,11696,11697,11700,11703],{},[142,11698,11699],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[142,11701,11702],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[142,11704,11705],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[267,11707,11708],{"id":11110},[15,11709,11710],{},"my_dict = {}",[139,11712,11713,11716,11719],{},[142,11714,11715],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[142,11717,11718],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[142,11720,11721],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,11723,11724,11725,81],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[243,11726,11728],{"href":11727},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[30,11730,11732],{"id":11731},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,11734,11735,11736,11738],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,11737,10982],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[35,11740,11742],{"className":37,"code":11741,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11743,11744,11777,11787,11791,11802,11806,11826,11846],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11745,11746,11749,11751,11753,11755,11757,11759,11761,11763,11765,11767,11769,11771,11773,11775],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11747,11748],{"class":50},"original ",[44,11750,55],{"class":54},[44,11752,10151],{"class":80},[44,11754,362],{"class":58},[44,11756,243],{"class":62},[44,11758,362],{"class":58},[44,11760,2539],{"class":80},[44,11762,5162],{"class":1675},[44,11764,2646],{"class":80},[44,11766,59],{"class":58},[44,11768,842],{"class":62},[44,11770,362],{"class":58},[44,11772,2539],{"class":80},[44,11774,2649],{"class":1675},[44,11776,8969],{"class":80},[44,11778,11779,11782,11784],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,11780,11781],{"class":50},"other_ref ",[44,11783,55],{"class":54},[44,11785,11786],{"class":50}," original\n",[44,11788,11789],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,11790,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,11792,11793,11796,11798,11800],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,11794,11795],{"class":50},"original",[44,11797,81],{"class":80},[44,11799,11043],{"class":84},[44,11801,88],{"class":80},[44,11803,11804],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,11805,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,11807,11808,11810,11812,11814,11817,11819,11821,11824],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,11809,95],{"class":94},[44,11811,98],{"class":80},[44,11813,362],{"class":58},[44,11815,11816],{"class":62},"original:",[44,11818,362],{"class":58},[44,11820,2646],{"class":80},[44,11822,11823],{"class":84}," original",[44,11825,104],{"class":80},[44,11827,11828,11830,11832,11834,11837,11839,11841,11844],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,11829,95],{"class":94},[44,11831,98],{"class":80},[44,11833,362],{"class":58},[44,11835,11836],{"class":62},"other_ref:",[44,11838,362],{"class":58},[44,11840,2646],{"class":80},[44,11842,11843],{"class":84}," other_ref",[44,11845,104],{"class":80},[44,11847,11848,11850,11852,11854,11857,11859],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,11849,95],{"class":94},[44,11851,98],{"class":80},[44,11853,11748],{"class":84},[44,11855,11856],{"class":524},"is",[44,11858,11843],{"class":84},[44,11860,104],{"class":80},[20,11862,107],{},[35,11864,11866],{"className":37,"code":11865,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,11867,11868,11876,11885],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11869,11870,11872,11874],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11871,11795],{"class":50},[44,11873,2539],{"class":80},[44,11875,9498],{"class":80},[44,11877,11878,11881,11883],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,11879,11880],{"class":50},"other_ref",[44,11882,2539],{"class":80},[44,11884,9498],{"class":80},[44,11886,11887],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,11888,3641],{"class":3513},[20,11890,11891],{},"This shows:",[139,11893,11894,11901,11906],{},[142,11895,11896,4057,11898,11900],{},[15,11897,11795],{},[15,11899,11880],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[142,11902,11903,11905],{},[15,11904,10982],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[142,11907,11908],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,11910,11911],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[35,11913,11915],{"className":37,"code":11914,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11916,11917,11949,11957,11961,11969,11973,11991,12009],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11918,11919,11921,11923,11925,11927,11929,11931,11933,11935,11937,11939,11941,11943,11945,11947],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11920,11748],{"class":50},[44,11922,55],{"class":54},[44,11924,10151],{"class":80},[44,11926,362],{"class":58},[44,11928,243],{"class":62},[44,11930,362],{"class":58},[44,11932,2539],{"class":80},[44,11934,5162],{"class":1675},[44,11936,2646],{"class":80},[44,11938,59],{"class":58},[44,11940,842],{"class":62},[44,11942,362],{"class":58},[44,11944,2539],{"class":80},[44,11946,2649],{"class":1675},[44,11948,8969],{"class":80},[44,11950,11951,11953,11955],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,11952,11781],{"class":50},[44,11954,55],{"class":54},[44,11956,11786],{"class":50},[44,11958,11959],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,11960,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,11962,11963,11965,11967],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,11964,11748],{"class":50},[44,11966,55],{"class":54},[44,11968,9498],{"class":80},[44,11970,11971],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,11972,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,11974,11975,11977,11979,11981,11983,11985,11987,11989],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,11976,95],{"class":94},[44,11978,98],{"class":80},[44,11980,362],{"class":58},[44,11982,11816],{"class":62},[44,11984,362],{"class":58},[44,11986,2646],{"class":80},[44,11988,11823],{"class":84},[44,11990,104],{"class":80},[44,11992,11993,11995,11997,11999,12001,12003,12005,12007],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,11994,95],{"class":94},[44,11996,98],{"class":80},[44,11998,362],{"class":58},[44,12000,11836],{"class":62},[44,12002,362],{"class":58},[44,12004,2646],{"class":80},[44,12006,11843],{"class":84},[44,12008,104],{"class":80},[44,12010,12011,12013,12015,12017,12019,12021],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,12012,95],{"class":94},[44,12014,98],{"class":80},[44,12016,11748],{"class":84},[44,12018,11856],{"class":524},[44,12020,11843],{"class":84},[44,12022,104],{"class":80},[20,12024,107],{},[35,12026,12028],{"className":37,"code":12027,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12029,12030,12038,12070],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12031,12032,12034,12036],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12033,11795],{"class":50},[44,12035,2539],{"class":80},[44,12037,9498],{"class":80},[44,12039,12040,12042,12044,12046,12048,12050,12052,12054,12056,12058,12060,12062,12064,12066,12068],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,12041,11880],{"class":50},[44,12043,2539],{"class":80},[44,12045,10151],{"class":80},[44,12047,655],{"class":58},[44,12049,243],{"class":62},[44,12051,655],{"class":58},[44,12053,2539],{"class":80},[44,12055,5162],{"class":1675},[44,12057,2646],{"class":80},[44,12059,2955],{"class":58},[44,12061,842],{"class":62},[44,12063,655],{"class":58},[44,12065,2539],{"class":80},[44,12067,2649],{"class":1675},[44,12069,8969],{"class":80},[44,12071,12072],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,12073,3702],{"class":3513},[20,12075,1830],{},[139,12077,12078,12084],{},[142,12079,12080,12083],{},[15,12081,12082],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[142,12085,12086,12088],{},[15,12087,11880],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12090,12091,12092,81],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[243,12093,12095],{"href":12094},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12096,12097],{},"dict.copy()",[30,12099,1133,12101],{"id":12100},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12102,10982],{},[20,12104,12105,12107],{},[15,12106,10982],{}," is useful when you want to:",[139,12109,12110,12113,12116],{},[142,12111,12112],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[142,12114,12115],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[142,12117,12118],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12120,161],{},[35,12122,12124],{"className":37,"code":12123,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12125,12126,12135,12151,12171,12184,12188,12192,12197,12208,12212],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12127,12128,12131,12133],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12129,12130],{"class":50},"session_data ",[44,12132,55],{"class":54},[44,12134,11154],{"class":80},[44,12136,12137,12139,12142,12144,12146,12149],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,12138,11159],{"class":58},[44,12140,12141],{"class":62},"user_id",[44,12143,362],{"class":58},[44,12145,2539],{"class":80},[44,12147,12148],{"class":1675}," 101",[44,12150,11175],{"class":80},[44,12152,12153,12155,12158,12160,12162,12164,12167,12169],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,12154,11159],{"class":58},[44,12156,12157],{"class":62},"theme",[44,12159,362],{"class":58},[44,12161,2539],{"class":80},[44,12163,59],{"class":58},[44,12165,12166],{"class":62},"dark",[44,12168,362],{"class":58},[44,12170,11175],{"class":80},[44,12172,12173,12175,12178,12180,12182],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,12174,11159],{"class":58},[44,12176,12177],{"class":62},"logged_in",[44,12179,362],{"class":58},[44,12181,2539],{"class":80},[44,12183,6086],{"class":3513},[44,12185,12186],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,12187,8969],{"class":80},[44,12189,12190],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,12191,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,12193,12194],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,12195,12196],{"class":3324},"# Reset for a new session\n",[44,12198,12199,12202,12204,12206],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,12200,12201],{"class":50},"session_data",[44,12203,81],{"class":80},[44,12205,11043],{"class":84},[44,12207,88],{"class":80},[44,12209,12210],{"class":46,"line":6095},[44,12211,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,12213,12214,12216,12218,12220,12222],{"class":46,"line":6100},[44,12215,95],{"class":94},[44,12217,98],{"class":80},[44,12219,12201],{"class":84},[44,12221,3321],{"class":80},[44,12223,11058],{"class":3324},[20,12225,12226,12227,12233,12234,81,12238,12240,12241,81],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[243,12228,12230],{"href":12229},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12231,12232],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[243,12235,12237],{"href":12236},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9506,12239],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[243,12242,12244],{"href":12243},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12245,12246],{},"dict.popitem()",[30,12248,1238],{"id":1237},[20,12250,10407,12251,2539],{},[15,12252,10982],{},[139,12254,12255,12261,12266,12269],{},[142,12256,12257,12258,12260],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12259,10982],{}," to a variable",[142,12262,1246,12263,12265],{},[15,12264,10982],{}," to return a new dictionary",[142,12267,12268],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[142,12270,12271],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12273,12274],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[35,12276,12278],{"className":37,"code":12277,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12279,12280,12290,12304,12319],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12281,12282,12284,12286,12288],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12283,95],{"class":94},[44,12285,98],{"class":80},[44,12287,11110],{"class":84},[44,12289,104],{"class":80},[44,12291,12292,12294,12296,12298,12300,12302],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,12293,95],{"class":94},[44,12295,98],{"class":80},[44,12297,2880],{"class":1461},[44,12299,98],{"class":80},[44,12301,11110],{"class":84},[44,12303,370],{"class":80},[44,12305,12306,12308,12310,12313,12315,12317],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,12307,95],{"class":94},[44,12309,98],{"class":80},[44,12311,12312],{"class":94},"id",[44,12314,98],{"class":80},[44,12316,11110],{"class":84},[44,12318,370],{"class":80},[44,12320,12321,12323,12325,12327,12329,12331],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,12322,95],{"class":94},[44,12324,98],{"class":80},[44,12326,11781],{"class":84},[44,12328,11856],{"class":524},[44,12330,11428],{"class":84},[44,12332,104],{"class":80},[20,12334,12335],{},"What these show:",[139,12337,12338,12344,12350,12356],{},[142,12339,12340,12343],{},[15,12341,12342],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[142,12345,12346,12349],{},[15,12347,12348],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[142,12351,12352,12355],{},[15,12353,12354],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[142,12357,12358,12361],{},[15,12359,12360],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[30,12363,1478],{"id":1477},[267,12365,1482,12367,12369],{"id":12366},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,12368,10982],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12371,12372],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[267,12374,1504,12376,12378],{"id":12375},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12377,10987],{}," return?",[20,12380,4810,12381,81],{},[15,12382,3439],{},[267,12384,4842,12386,4057,12388,1520],{"id":12385},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12387,10982],{},[15,12389,3453],{},[20,12391,12392,12394,12395,12397],{},[15,12393,10982],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12396,3453],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[267,12399,1482,12401,12403],{"id":12400},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12402,10982],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12405,12406],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[30,12408,1545],{"id":1544},[139,12410,12411,12415,12419,12426,12433,12440,12445],{},[142,12412,12413],{},[243,12414,8815],{"href":8814},[142,12416,12417],{},[243,12418,10903],{"href":9051},[142,12420,12421],{},[243,12422,10397,12423,1555],{"href":12229},[15,12424,12425],{},"pop()",[142,12427,12428],{},[243,12429,10397,12430,1555],{"href":12243},[15,12431,12432],{},"popitem()",[142,12434,12435],{},[243,12436,10397,12437,1555],{"href":12094},[15,12438,12439],{},"copy()",[142,12441,12442],{},[243,12443,12444],{"href":11727},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[142,12446,12447],{},[243,12448,12449],{"href":12236},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1577,12451,12452],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":12454},[12455,12456,12458,12459,12460,12464,12469,12470,12472,12473,12483],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":11066,"depth":69,"text":12457},"What clear() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":11135,"depth":69,"text":11136},{"id":11364,"depth":69,"text":12461,"children":12462},"What clear() returns",[12463],{"id":11477,"depth":91,"text":11478},{"id":11657,"depth":69,"text":12465,"children":12466},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12467,12468],{"id":11043,"depth":91,"text":10982},{"id":11110,"depth":91,"text":11710},{"id":11731,"depth":69,"text":11732},{"id":12100,"depth":69,"text":12471},"When to use clear()",{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":12474},[12475,12477,12479,12481],{"id":12366,"depth":91,"text":12476},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12375,"depth":91,"text":12478},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12385,"depth":91,"text":12480},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12400,"depth":91,"text":12482},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":10973,"description":12484},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12491,"title":12492,"body":12493,"description":14660,"extension":1611,"meta":14661,"navigation":184,"path":14662,"seo":14663,"stem":14664,"__hash__":14665},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12494,"toc":14632},[12495,12500,12505,12515,12517,12606,12610,12651,12656,12663,12681,12690,12692,12713,12715,12727,12729,12808,12812,12853,12855,12858,12986,12990,13070,13073,13091,13094,13098,13104,13106,13117,13119,13314,13318,13424,13427,13445,13448,13455,13460,13464,13478,13480,13607,13611,13691,13704,13710,13713,13720,13724,13850,13854,13928,13933,14064,14068,14142,14145,14159,14163,14167,14181,14183,14319,14323,14392,14394,14399,14421,14424,14531,14534,14545,14552,14554,14560,14563,14570,14573,14580,14588,14592,14595,14597,14629],[10,12496,10979,12498,18],{"id":12497},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12499,12439],{},[20,12501,12502,12504],{},[15,12503,12097],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12506,12507,12508,12510,12511,12514],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12509,12439],{}," makes a ",[830,12512,12513],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[30,12516,1653],{"id":1652},[35,12518,12520],{"className":37,"code":12519,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12521,12522,12560,12577,12581,12592],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12523,12524,12527,12529,12531,12533,12535,12537,12539,12541,12544,12546,12548,12550,12552,12554,12556,12558],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12525,12526],{"class":50},"student ",[44,12528,55],{"class":54},[44,12530,10151],{"class":80},[44,12532,362],{"class":58},[44,12534,302],{"class":62},[44,12536,362],{"class":58},[44,12538,2539],{"class":80},[44,12540,59],{"class":58},[44,12542,12543],{"class":62},"Ana",[44,12545,362],{"class":58},[44,12547,2646],{"class":80},[44,12549,59],{"class":58},[44,12551,8959],{"class":62},[44,12553,362],{"class":58},[44,12555,2539],{"class":80},[44,12557,7452],{"class":1675},[44,12559,8969],{"class":80},[44,12561,12562,12565,12567,12570,12572,12575],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,12563,12564],{"class":50},"student_copy ",[44,12566,55],{"class":54},[44,12568,12569],{"class":50}," student",[44,12571,81],{"class":80},[44,12573,12574],{"class":84},"copy",[44,12576,88],{"class":80},[44,12578,12579],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,12580,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,12582,12583,12585,12587,12590],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,12584,95],{"class":94},[44,12586,98],{"class":80},[44,12588,12589],{"class":84},"student_copy",[44,12591,104],{"class":80},[44,12593,12594,12596,12598,12600,12602,12604],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,12595,95],{"class":94},[44,12597,98],{"class":80},[44,12599,12564],{"class":84},[44,12601,11856],{"class":524},[44,12603,12569],{"class":84},[44,12605,104],{"class":80},[20,12607,12608],{},[830,12609,107],{},[35,12611,12613],{"className":37,"code":12612,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,12614,12615,12647],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12616,12617,12619,12621,12623,12625,12627,12629,12631,12633,12635,12637,12639,12641,12643,12645],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12618,8938],{"class":80},[44,12620,655],{"class":58},[44,12622,302],{"class":62},[44,12624,655],{"class":58},[44,12626,2539],{"class":80},[44,12628,2955],{"class":58},[44,12630,12543],{"class":62},[44,12632,655],{"class":58},[44,12634,2646],{"class":80},[44,12636,2955],{"class":58},[44,12638,8959],{"class":62},[44,12640,655],{"class":58},[44,12642,2539],{"class":80},[44,12644,7452],{"class":1675},[44,12646,8969],{"class":80},[44,12648,12649],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,12650,3702],{"class":3513},[20,12652,119,12653,12655],{},[15,12654,12439],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[30,12657,12659,12660,12662],{"id":12658},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,12661,12439],{}," method does",[139,12664,12665,12670,12673,12678],{},[142,12666,12667,12669],{},[15,12668,12097],{}," returns a new dictionary",[142,12671,12672],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[142,12674,12675,12676],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,12677,12439],{},[142,12679,12680],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,12682,12683,12684,2532,12687,81],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[243,12685,8815],{"href":12686},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[243,12688,9052],{"href":12689},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[30,12691,250],{"id":249},[35,12693,12695],{"className":37,"code":12694,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,12696,12697],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12698,12699,12702,12704,12707,12709,12711],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12700,12701],{"class":50},"new_dict ",[44,12703,55],{"class":54},[44,12705,12706],{"class":50}," old_dict",[44,12708,81],{"class":80},[44,12710,12574],{"class":84},[44,12712,88],{"class":80},[20,12714,137],{},[139,12716,12717,12721,12724],{},[142,12718,12719,11126],{},[15,12720,12439],{},[142,12722,12723],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[142,12725,12726],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,12728,161],{},[35,12730,12732],{"className":37,"code":12731,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,12733,12734,12777,12793,12797],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12735,12736,12739,12741,12743,12745,12747,12749,12751,12753,12756,12758,12760,12762,12764,12766,12768,12770,12773,12775],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12737,12738],{"class":50},"colors ",[44,12740,55],{"class":54},[44,12742,10151],{"class":80},[44,12744,362],{"class":58},[44,12746,243],{"class":62},[44,12748,362],{"class":58},[44,12750,2539],{"class":80},[44,12752,59],{"class":58},[44,12754,12755],{"class":62},"red",[44,12757,362],{"class":58},[44,12759,2646],{"class":80},[44,12761,59],{"class":58},[44,12763,842],{"class":62},[44,12765,362],{"class":58},[44,12767,2539],{"class":80},[44,12769,59],{"class":58},[44,12771,12772],{"class":62},"blue",[44,12774,362],{"class":58},[44,12776,8969],{"class":80},[44,12778,12779,12782,12784,12787,12789,12791],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,12780,12781],{"class":50},"new_colors ",[44,12783,55],{"class":54},[44,12785,12786],{"class":50}," colors",[44,12788,81],{"class":80},[44,12790,12574],{"class":84},[44,12792,88],{"class":80},[44,12794,12795],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,12796,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,12798,12799,12801,12803,12806],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,12800,95],{"class":94},[44,12802,98],{"class":80},[44,12804,12805],{"class":84},"new_colors",[44,12807,104],{"class":80},[20,12809,12810],{},[830,12811,107],{},[35,12813,12815],{"className":37,"code":12814,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,12816,12817],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12818,12819,12821,12823,12825,12827,12829,12831,12833,12835,12837,12839,12841,12843,12845,12847,12849,12851],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12820,8938],{"class":80},[44,12822,655],{"class":58},[44,12824,243],{"class":62},[44,12826,655],{"class":58},[44,12828,2539],{"class":80},[44,12830,2955],{"class":58},[44,12832,12755],{"class":62},[44,12834,655],{"class":58},[44,12836,2646],{"class":80},[44,12838,2955],{"class":58},[44,12840,842],{"class":62},[44,12842,655],{"class":58},[44,12844,2539],{"class":80},[44,12846,2955],{"class":58},[44,12848,12772],{"class":62},[44,12850,655],{"class":58},[44,12852,8969],{"class":80},[30,12854,11136],{"id":11135},[20,12856,12857],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[35,12859,12861],{"className":37,"code":12860,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,12862,12863,12901,12917,12921,12943,12947,12966],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12864,12865,12868,12870,12872,12874,12876,12878,12880,12882,12885,12887,12889,12891,12893,12895,12897,12899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12866,12867],{"class":50},"person ",[44,12869,55],{"class":54},[44,12871,10151],{"class":80},[44,12873,362],{"class":58},[44,12875,302],{"class":62},[44,12877,362],{"class":58},[44,12879,2539],{"class":80},[44,12881,59],{"class":58},[44,12883,12884],{"class":62},"Liam",[44,12886,362],{"class":58},[44,12888,2646],{"class":80},[44,12890,59],{"class":58},[44,12892,8959],{"class":62},[44,12894,362],{"class":58},[44,12896,2539],{"class":80},[44,12898,8966],{"class":1675},[44,12900,8969],{"class":80},[44,12902,12903,12906,12908,12911,12913,12915],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,12904,12905],{"class":50},"person_copy ",[44,12907,55],{"class":54},[44,12909,12910],{"class":50}," person",[44,12912,81],{"class":80},[44,12914,12574],{"class":84},[44,12916,88],{"class":80},[44,12918,12919],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,12920,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,12922,12923,12926,12928,12930,12932,12934,12937,12940],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,12924,12925],{"class":50},"person_copy",[44,12927,3561],{"class":80},[44,12929,362],{"class":58},[44,12931,8959],{"class":62},[44,12933,362],{"class":58},[44,12935,12936],{"class":80},"]",[44,12938,12939],{"class":54}," =",[44,12941,12942],{"class":1675}," 26\n",[44,12944,12945],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,12946,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,12948,12949,12951,12953,12955,12958,12960,12962,12964],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,12950,95],{"class":94},[44,12952,98],{"class":80},[44,12954,362],{"class":58},[44,12956,12957],{"class":62},"Original:",[44,12959,362],{"class":58},[44,12961,2646],{"class":80},[44,12963,12910],{"class":84},[44,12965,104],{"class":80},[44,12967,12968,12970,12972,12974,12977,12979,12981,12984],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,12969,95],{"class":94},[44,12971,98],{"class":80},[44,12973,362],{"class":58},[44,12975,12976],{"class":62},"Copy:",[44,12978,362],{"class":58},[44,12980,2646],{"class":80},[44,12982,12983],{"class":84}," person_copy",[44,12985,104],{"class":80},[20,12987,12988],{},[830,12989,107],{},[35,12991,12993],{"className":37,"code":12992,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,12994,12995,13032],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12996,12997,13000,13002,13004,13006,13008,13010,13012,13014,13016,13018,13020,13022,13024,13026,13028,13030],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12998,12999],{"class":50},"Original",[44,13001,2539],{"class":80},[44,13003,10151],{"class":80},[44,13005,655],{"class":58},[44,13007,302],{"class":62},[44,13009,655],{"class":58},[44,13011,2539],{"class":80},[44,13013,2955],{"class":58},[44,13015,12884],{"class":62},[44,13017,655],{"class":58},[44,13019,2646],{"class":80},[44,13021,2955],{"class":58},[44,13023,8959],{"class":62},[44,13025,655],{"class":58},[44,13027,2539],{"class":80},[44,13029,8966],{"class":1675},[44,13031,8969],{"class":80},[44,13033,13034,13037,13039,13041,13043,13045,13047,13049,13051,13053,13055,13057,13059,13061,13063,13065,13068],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,13035,13036],{"class":50},"Copy",[44,13038,2539],{"class":80},[44,13040,10151],{"class":80},[44,13042,655],{"class":58},[44,13044,302],{"class":62},[44,13046,655],{"class":58},[44,13048,2539],{"class":80},[44,13050,2955],{"class":58},[44,13052,12884],{"class":62},[44,13054,655],{"class":58},[44,13056,2646],{"class":80},[44,13058,2955],{"class":58},[44,13060,8959],{"class":62},[44,13062,655],{"class":58},[44,13064,2539],{"class":80},[44,13066,13067],{"class":1675}," 26",[44,13069,8969],{"class":80},[20,13071,13072],{},"What happened here:",[139,13074,13075,13081,13088],{},[142,13076,13077,13080],{},[15,13078,13079],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[142,13082,13083,13084,13087],{},"Changing ",[15,13085,13086],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[142,13089,13090],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13092,13093],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[30,13095,13097],{"id":13096},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13099,13100,12510,13102,81],{},[15,13101,12439],{},[830,13103,12513],{},[20,13105,1759],{},[139,13107,13108,13111,13114],{},[142,13109,13110],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[142,13112,13113],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[142,13115,13116],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13118,161],{},[35,13120,13122],{"className":37,"code":13121,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13123,13124,13132,13150,13173,13177,13181,13195,13199,13224,13228,13246,13265,13280],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13125,13126,13128,13130],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13127,12526],{"class":50},[44,13129,55],{"class":54},[44,13131,11154],{"class":80},[44,13133,13134,13136,13138,13140,13142,13144,13146,13148],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,13135,11159],{"class":58},[44,13137,302],{"class":62},[44,13139,362],{"class":58},[44,13141,2539],{"class":80},[44,13143,59],{"class":58},[44,13145,12543],{"class":62},[44,13147,362],{"class":58},[44,13149,11175],{"class":80},[44,13151,13152,13154,13157,13159,13161,13163,13166,13168,13171],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,13153,11159],{"class":58},[44,13155,13156],{"class":62},"grades",[44,13158,362],{"class":58},[44,13160,2539],{"class":80},[44,13162,3281],{"class":80},[44,13164,13165],{"class":1675},"90",[44,13167,2646],{"class":80},[44,13169,13170],{"class":1675}," 85",[44,13172,3294],{"class":80},[44,13174,13175],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,13176,8969],{"class":80},[44,13178,13179],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,13180,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,13182,13183,13185,13187,13189,13191,13193],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,13184,12564],{"class":50},[44,13186,55],{"class":54},[44,13188,12569],{"class":50},[44,13190,81],{"class":80},[44,13192,12574],{"class":84},[44,13194,88],{"class":80},[44,13196,13197],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,13198,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,13200,13201,13203,13205,13207,13209,13211,13214,13217,13219,13222],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,13202,12589],{"class":50},[44,13204,3561],{"class":80},[44,13206,362],{"class":58},[44,13208,13156],{"class":62},[44,13210,362],{"class":58},[44,13212,13213],{"class":80},"].",[44,13215,13216],{"class":84},"append",[44,13218,98],{"class":80},[44,13220,13221],{"class":1675},"100",[44,13223,104],{"class":80},[44,13225,13226],{"class":46,"line":6095},[44,13227,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,13229,13230,13232,13234,13236,13238,13240,13242,13244],{"class":46,"line":6100},[44,13231,95],{"class":94},[44,13233,98],{"class":80},[44,13235,362],{"class":58},[44,13237,12957],{"class":62},[44,13239,362],{"class":58},[44,13241,2646],{"class":80},[44,13243,12569],{"class":84},[44,13245,104],{"class":80},[44,13247,13248,13250,13252,13254,13256,13258,13260,13263],{"class":46,"line":11256},[44,13249,95],{"class":94},[44,13251,98],{"class":80},[44,13253,362],{"class":58},[44,13255,12976],{"class":62},[44,13257,362],{"class":58},[44,13259,2646],{"class":80},[44,13261,13262],{"class":84}," student_copy",[44,13264,104],{"class":80},[44,13266,13268,13270,13272,13274,13276,13278],{"class":46,"line":13267},12,[44,13269,95],{"class":94},[44,13271,98],{"class":80},[44,13273,12526],{"class":84},[44,13275,11856],{"class":524},[44,13277,13262],{"class":84},[44,13279,104],{"class":80},[44,13281,13283,13285,13287,13290,13292,13294,13296,13298,13300,13302,13304,13306,13308,13310,13312],{"class":46,"line":13282},13,[44,13284,95],{"class":94},[44,13286,98],{"class":80},[44,13288,13289],{"class":84},"student",[44,13291,3561],{"class":80},[44,13293,362],{"class":58},[44,13295,13156],{"class":62},[44,13297,362],{"class":58},[44,13299,12936],{"class":80},[44,13301,7757],{"class":524},[44,13303,13262],{"class":84},[44,13305,3561],{"class":80},[44,13307,362],{"class":58},[44,13309,13156],{"class":62},[44,13311,362],{"class":58},[44,13313,3549],{"class":80},[20,13315,13316],{},[830,13317,107],{},[35,13319,13321],{"className":37,"code":13320,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13322,13323,13370,13416,13420],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13324,13325,13327,13329,13331,13333,13335,13337,13339,13341,13343,13345,13347,13349,13351,13353,13355,13357,13359,13361,13363,13365,13367],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13326,12999],{"class":50},[44,13328,2539],{"class":80},[44,13330,10151],{"class":80},[44,13332,655],{"class":58},[44,13334,302],{"class":62},[44,13336,655],{"class":58},[44,13338,2539],{"class":80},[44,13340,2955],{"class":58},[44,13342,12543],{"class":62},[44,13344,655],{"class":58},[44,13346,2646],{"class":80},[44,13348,2955],{"class":58},[44,13350,13156],{"class":62},[44,13352,655],{"class":58},[44,13354,2539],{"class":80},[44,13356,3281],{"class":80},[44,13358,13165],{"class":1675},[44,13360,2646],{"class":80},[44,13362,13170],{"class":1675},[44,13364,2646],{"class":80},[44,13366,9778],{"class":1675},[44,13368,13369],{"class":80},"]}\n",[44,13371,13372,13374,13376,13378,13380,13382,13384,13386,13388,13390,13392,13394,13396,13398,13400,13402,13404,13406,13408,13410,13412,13414],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,13373,13036],{"class":50},[44,13375,2539],{"class":80},[44,13377,10151],{"class":80},[44,13379,655],{"class":58},[44,13381,302],{"class":62},[44,13383,655],{"class":58},[44,13385,2539],{"class":80},[44,13387,2955],{"class":58},[44,13389,12543],{"class":62},[44,13391,655],{"class":58},[44,13393,2646],{"class":80},[44,13395,2955],{"class":58},[44,13397,13156],{"class":62},[44,13399,655],{"class":58},[44,13401,2539],{"class":80},[44,13403,3281],{"class":80},[44,13405,13165],{"class":1675},[44,13407,2646],{"class":80},[44,13409,13170],{"class":1675},[44,13411,2646],{"class":80},[44,13413,9778],{"class":1675},[44,13415,13369],{"class":80},[44,13417,13418],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,13419,3702],{"class":3513},[44,13421,13422],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,13423,3641],{"class":3513},[20,13425,13426],{},"Notice the difference:",[139,13428,13429,13437],{},[142,13430,13431,1118,13434,13436],{},[15,13432,13433],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13435,3335],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[142,13438,13439,1118,13442,13444],{},[15,13440,13441],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13443,3263],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13446,13447],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13449,13450,13451,81],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[243,13452,13454],{"href":13453},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[30,13456,1133,13458],{"id":13457},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13459,12439],{},[20,13461,119,13462,10261],{},[15,13463,12439],{},[139,13465,13466,13469,13472,13475],{},[142,13467,13468],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[142,13470,13471],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[142,13473,13474],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[142,13476,13477],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13479,161],{},[35,13481,13483],{"className":37,"code":13482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13484,13485,13524,13540,13544,13564,13568,13587],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13486,13487,13490,13492,13494,13496,13498,13500,13502,13504,13506,13508,13510,13512,13515,13517,13519,13522],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13488,13489],{"class":50},"settings ",[44,13491,55],{"class":54},[44,13493,10151],{"class":80},[44,13495,362],{"class":58},[44,13497,12157],{"class":62},[44,13499,362],{"class":58},[44,13501,2539],{"class":80},[44,13503,59],{"class":58},[44,13505,12166],{"class":62},[44,13507,362],{"class":58},[44,13509,2646],{"class":80},[44,13511,59],{"class":58},[44,13513,13514],{"class":62},"font_size",[44,13516,362],{"class":58},[44,13518,2539],{"class":80},[44,13520,13521],{"class":1675}," 14",[44,13523,8969],{"class":80},[44,13525,13526,13529,13531,13534,13536,13538],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,13527,13528],{"class":50},"settings_backup ",[44,13530,55],{"class":54},[44,13532,13533],{"class":50}," settings",[44,13535,81],{"class":80},[44,13537,12574],{"class":84},[44,13539,88],{"class":80},[44,13541,13542],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,13543,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,13545,13546,13549,13551,13553,13555,13557,13559,13561],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,13547,13548],{"class":50},"settings",[44,13550,3561],{"class":80},[44,13552,362],{"class":58},[44,13554,13514],{"class":62},[44,13556,362],{"class":58},[44,13558,12936],{"class":80},[44,13560,12939],{"class":54},[44,13562,13563],{"class":1675}," 16\n",[44,13565,13566],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,13567,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,13569,13570,13572,13574,13576,13579,13581,13583,13585],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,13571,95],{"class":94},[44,13573,98],{"class":80},[44,13575,362],{"class":58},[44,13577,13578],{"class":62},"Current:",[44,13580,362],{"class":58},[44,13582,2646],{"class":80},[44,13584,13533],{"class":84},[44,13586,104],{"class":80},[44,13588,13589,13591,13593,13595,13598,13600,13602,13605],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,13590,95],{"class":94},[44,13592,98],{"class":80},[44,13594,362],{"class":58},[44,13596,13597],{"class":62},"Backup:",[44,13599,362],{"class":58},[44,13601,2646],{"class":80},[44,13603,13604],{"class":84}," settings_backup",[44,13606,104],{"class":80},[20,13608,13609],{},[830,13610,107],{},[35,13612,13614],{"className":37,"code":13613,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,13615,13616,13654],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13617,13618,13621,13623,13625,13627,13629,13631,13633,13635,13637,13639,13641,13643,13645,13647,13649,13652],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13619,13620],{"class":50},"Current",[44,13622,2539],{"class":80},[44,13624,10151],{"class":80},[44,13626,655],{"class":58},[44,13628,12157],{"class":62},[44,13630,655],{"class":58},[44,13632,2539],{"class":80},[44,13634,2955],{"class":58},[44,13636,12166],{"class":62},[44,13638,655],{"class":58},[44,13640,2646],{"class":80},[44,13642,2955],{"class":58},[44,13644,13514],{"class":62},[44,13646,655],{"class":58},[44,13648,2539],{"class":80},[44,13650,13651],{"class":1675}," 16",[44,13653,8969],{"class":80},[44,13655,13656,13659,13661,13663,13665,13667,13669,13671,13673,13675,13677,13679,13681,13683,13685,13687,13689],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,13657,13658],{"class":50},"Backup",[44,13660,2539],{"class":80},[44,13662,10151],{"class":80},[44,13664,655],{"class":58},[44,13666,12157],{"class":62},[44,13668,655],{"class":58},[44,13670,2539],{"class":80},[44,13672,2955],{"class":58},[44,13674,12166],{"class":62},[44,13676,655],{"class":58},[44,13678,2646],{"class":80},[44,13680,2955],{"class":58},[44,13682,13514],{"class":62},[44,13684,655],{"class":58},[44,13686,2539],{"class":80},[44,13688,13521],{"class":1675},[44,13690,8969],{"class":80},[20,13692,13693,13694,2532,13700,81],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[243,13695,13697],{"href":13696},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,13698,13699],{},"dict.update()",[243,13701,13702],{"href":12486},[15,13703,10987],{},[30,13705,13707,13709],{"id":13706},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,13708,12439],{}," vs assignment",[20,13711,13712],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,13714,675,13715,828,13717,13719],{},[15,13716,55],{},[830,13718,832],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[267,13721,13723],{"id":13722},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[35,13725,13727],{"className":37,"code":13726,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,13728,13729,13761,13770,13774,13794,13798,13816,13836],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13730,13731,13733,13735,13737,13739,13741,13743,13745,13747,13749,13751,13753,13755,13757,13759],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13732,11748],{"class":50},[44,13734,55],{"class":54},[44,13736,10151],{"class":80},[44,13738,362],{"class":58},[44,13740,1110],{"class":62},[44,13742,362],{"class":58},[44,13744,2539],{"class":80},[44,13746,5162],{"class":1675},[44,13748,2646],{"class":80},[44,13750,59],{"class":58},[44,13752,11407],{"class":62},[44,13754,362],{"class":58},[44,13756,2539],{"class":80},[44,13758,2649],{"class":1675},[44,13760,8969],{"class":80},[44,13762,13763,13766,13768],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,13764,13765],{"class":50},"assigned ",[44,13767,55],{"class":54},[44,13769,11786],{"class":50},[44,13771,13772],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,13773,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,13775,13776,13779,13781,13783,13785,13787,13789,13791],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,13777,13778],{"class":50},"assigned",[44,13780,3561],{"class":80},[44,13782,362],{"class":58},[44,13784,1110],{"class":62},[44,13786,362],{"class":58},[44,13788,12936],{"class":80},[44,13790,12939],{"class":54},[44,13792,13793],{"class":1675}," 99\n",[44,13795,13796],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,13797,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,13799,13800,13802,13804,13806,13808,13810,13812,13814],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,13801,95],{"class":94},[44,13803,98],{"class":80},[44,13805,362],{"class":58},[44,13807,12957],{"class":62},[44,13809,362],{"class":58},[44,13811,2646],{"class":80},[44,13813,11823],{"class":84},[44,13815,104],{"class":80},[44,13817,13818,13820,13822,13824,13827,13829,13831,13834],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,13819,95],{"class":94},[44,13821,98],{"class":80},[44,13823,362],{"class":58},[44,13825,13826],{"class":62},"Assigned:",[44,13828,362],{"class":58},[44,13830,2646],{"class":80},[44,13832,13833],{"class":84}," assigned",[44,13835,104],{"class":80},[44,13837,13838,13840,13842,13844,13846,13848],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,13839,95],{"class":94},[44,13841,98],{"class":80},[44,13843,11748],{"class":84},[44,13845,11856],{"class":524},[44,13847,13833],{"class":84},[44,13849,104],{"class":80},[20,13851,13852],{},[830,13853,107],{},[35,13855,13857],{"className":37,"code":13856,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,13858,13859,13891,13924],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13860,13861,13863,13865,13867,13869,13871,13873,13875,13877,13879,13881,13883,13885,13887,13889],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13862,12999],{"class":50},[44,13864,2539],{"class":80},[44,13866,10151],{"class":80},[44,13868,655],{"class":58},[44,13870,1110],{"class":62},[44,13872,655],{"class":58},[44,13874,2539],{"class":80},[44,13876,9857],{"class":1675},[44,13878,2646],{"class":80},[44,13880,2955],{"class":58},[44,13882,11407],{"class":62},[44,13884,655],{"class":58},[44,13886,2539],{"class":80},[44,13888,2649],{"class":1675},[44,13890,8969],{"class":80},[44,13892,13893,13896,13898,13900,13902,13904,13906,13908,13910,13912,13914,13916,13918,13920,13922],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,13894,13895],{"class":50},"Assigned",[44,13897,2539],{"class":80},[44,13899,10151],{"class":80},[44,13901,655],{"class":58},[44,13903,1110],{"class":62},[44,13905,655],{"class":58},[44,13907,2539],{"class":80},[44,13909,9857],{"class":1675},[44,13911,2646],{"class":80},[44,13913,2955],{"class":58},[44,13915,11407],{"class":62},[44,13917,655],{"class":58},[44,13919,2539],{"class":80},[44,13921,2649],{"class":1675},[44,13923,8969],{"class":80},[44,13925,13926],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,13927,3641],{"class":3513},[267,13929,675,13931],{"id":13930},"using-copy",[15,13932,12439],{},[35,13934,13936],{"className":37,"code":13935,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,13937,13938,13970,13985,13989,14008,14012,14030,14050],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13939,13940,13942,13944,13946,13948,13950,13952,13954,13956,13958,13960,13962,13964,13966,13968],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13941,11748],{"class":50},[44,13943,55],{"class":54},[44,13945,10151],{"class":80},[44,13947,362],{"class":58},[44,13949,1110],{"class":62},[44,13951,362],{"class":58},[44,13953,2539],{"class":80},[44,13955,5162],{"class":1675},[44,13957,2646],{"class":80},[44,13959,59],{"class":58},[44,13961,11407],{"class":62},[44,13963,362],{"class":58},[44,13965,2539],{"class":80},[44,13967,2649],{"class":1675},[44,13969,8969],{"class":80},[44,13971,13972,13975,13977,13979,13981,13983],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,13973,13974],{"class":50},"copied ",[44,13976,55],{"class":54},[44,13978,11823],{"class":50},[44,13980,81],{"class":80},[44,13982,12574],{"class":84},[44,13984,88],{"class":80},[44,13986,13987],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,13988,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,13990,13991,13994,13996,13998,14000,14002,14004,14006],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,13992,13993],{"class":50},"copied",[44,13995,3561],{"class":80},[44,13997,362],{"class":58},[44,13999,1110],{"class":62},[44,14001,362],{"class":58},[44,14003,12936],{"class":80},[44,14005,12939],{"class":54},[44,14007,13793],{"class":1675},[44,14009,14010],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,14011,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,14013,14014,14016,14018,14020,14022,14024,14026,14028],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,14015,95],{"class":94},[44,14017,98],{"class":80},[44,14019,362],{"class":58},[44,14021,12957],{"class":62},[44,14023,362],{"class":58},[44,14025,2646],{"class":80},[44,14027,11823],{"class":84},[44,14029,104],{"class":80},[44,14031,14032,14034,14036,14038,14041,14043,14045,14048],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,14033,95],{"class":94},[44,14035,98],{"class":80},[44,14037,362],{"class":58},[44,14039,14040],{"class":62},"Copied:",[44,14042,362],{"class":58},[44,14044,2646],{"class":80},[44,14046,14047],{"class":84}," copied",[44,14049,104],{"class":80},[44,14051,14052,14054,14056,14058,14060,14062],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,14053,95],{"class":94},[44,14055,98],{"class":80},[44,14057,11748],{"class":84},[44,14059,11856],{"class":524},[44,14061,14047],{"class":84},[44,14063,104],{"class":80},[20,14065,14066],{},[830,14067,107],{},[35,14069,14071],{"className":37,"code":14070,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14072,14073,14105,14138],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14074,14075,14077,14079,14081,14083,14085,14087,14089,14091,14093,14095,14097,14099,14101,14103],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14076,12999],{"class":50},[44,14078,2539],{"class":80},[44,14080,10151],{"class":80},[44,14082,655],{"class":58},[44,14084,1110],{"class":62},[44,14086,655],{"class":58},[44,14088,2539],{"class":80},[44,14090,5162],{"class":1675},[44,14092,2646],{"class":80},[44,14094,2955],{"class":58},[44,14096,11407],{"class":62},[44,14098,655],{"class":58},[44,14100,2539],{"class":80},[44,14102,2649],{"class":1675},[44,14104,8969],{"class":80},[44,14106,14107,14110,14112,14114,14116,14118,14120,14122,14124,14126,14128,14130,14132,14134,14136],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,14108,14109],{"class":50},"Copied",[44,14111,2539],{"class":80},[44,14113,10151],{"class":80},[44,14115,655],{"class":58},[44,14117,1110],{"class":62},[44,14119,655],{"class":58},[44,14121,2539],{"class":80},[44,14123,9857],{"class":1675},[44,14125,2646],{"class":80},[44,14127,2955],{"class":58},[44,14129,11407],{"class":62},[44,14131,655],{"class":58},[44,14133,2539],{"class":80},[44,14135,2649],{"class":1675},[44,14137,8969],{"class":80},[44,14139,14140],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,14141,3702],{"class":3513},[20,14143,14144],{},"Summary:",[139,14146,14147,14153],{},[142,14148,14149,14152],{},[15,14150,14151],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[142,14154,14155,14158],{},[15,14156,14157],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[30,14160,14162],{"id":14161},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14164,14165,2539],{},[15,14166,12439],{},[139,14168,14169,14172,14175,14178],{},[142,14170,14171],{},"Returns a dictionary",[142,14173,14174],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[142,14176,14177],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[142,14179,14180],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14182,161],{},[35,14184,14186],{"className":37,"code":14185,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14187,14188,14220,14236,14240,14258,14278,14282,14300],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14189,14190,14192,14194,14196,14198,14200,14202,14204,14206,14208,14210,14212,14214,14216,14218],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14191,8825],{"class":50},[44,14193,55],{"class":54},[44,14195,10151],{"class":80},[44,14197,362],{"class":58},[44,14199,243],{"class":62},[44,14201,362],{"class":58},[44,14203,2539],{"class":80},[44,14205,5162],{"class":1675},[44,14207,2646],{"class":80},[44,14209,59],{"class":58},[44,14211,842],{"class":62},[44,14213,362],{"class":58},[44,14215,2539],{"class":80},[44,14217,2649],{"class":1675},[44,14219,8969],{"class":80},[44,14221,14222,14225,14227,14230,14232,14234],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,14223,14224],{"class":50},"data_copy ",[44,14226,55],{"class":54},[44,14228,14229],{"class":50}," data",[44,14231,81],{"class":80},[44,14233,12574],{"class":84},[44,14235,88],{"class":80},[44,14237,14238],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,14239,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,14241,14242,14244,14246,14248,14250,14252,14254,14256],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,14243,8864],{"class":50},[44,14245,3561],{"class":80},[44,14247,362],{"class":58},[44,14249,243],{"class":62},[44,14251,362],{"class":58},[44,14253,12936],{"class":80},[44,14255,12939],{"class":54},[44,14257,2241],{"class":1675},[44,14259,14260,14263,14265,14267,14269,14271,14273,14275],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,14261,14262],{"class":50},"data_copy",[44,14264,3561],{"class":80},[44,14266,362],{"class":58},[44,14268,842],{"class":62},[44,14270,362],{"class":58},[44,14272,12936],{"class":80},[44,14274,12939],{"class":54},[44,14276,14277],{"class":1675}," 20\n",[44,14279,14280],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,14281,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,14283,14284,14286,14288,14290,14292,14294,14296,14298],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,14285,95],{"class":94},[44,14287,98],{"class":80},[44,14289,362],{"class":58},[44,14291,12957],{"class":62},[44,14293,362],{"class":58},[44,14295,2646],{"class":80},[44,14297,14229],{"class":84},[44,14299,104],{"class":80},[44,14301,14302,14304,14306,14308,14310,14312,14314,14317],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,14303,95],{"class":94},[44,14305,98],{"class":80},[44,14307,362],{"class":58},[44,14309,12976],{"class":62},[44,14311,362],{"class":58},[44,14313,2646],{"class":80},[44,14315,14316],{"class":84}," data_copy",[44,14318,104],{"class":80},[20,14320,14321],{},[830,14322,107],{},[35,14324,14326],{"className":37,"code":14325,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14327,14328,14360],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14329,14330,14332,14334,14336,14338,14340,14342,14344,14346,14348,14350,14352,14354,14356,14358],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14331,12999],{"class":50},[44,14333,2539],{"class":80},[44,14335,10151],{"class":80},[44,14337,655],{"class":58},[44,14339,243],{"class":62},[44,14341,655],{"class":58},[44,14343,2539],{"class":80},[44,14345,5670],{"class":1675},[44,14347,2646],{"class":80},[44,14349,2955],{"class":58},[44,14351,842],{"class":62},[44,14353,655],{"class":58},[44,14355,2539],{"class":80},[44,14357,2649],{"class":1675},[44,14359,8969],{"class":80},[44,14361,14362,14364,14366,14368,14370,14372,14374,14376,14378,14380,14382,14384,14386,14388,14390],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,14363,13036],{"class":50},[44,14365,2539],{"class":80},[44,14367,10151],{"class":80},[44,14369,655],{"class":58},[44,14371,243],{"class":62},[44,14373,655],{"class":58},[44,14375,2539],{"class":80},[44,14377,5162],{"class":1675},[44,14379,2646],{"class":80},[44,14381,2955],{"class":58},[44,14383,842],{"class":62},[44,14385,655],{"class":58},[44,14387,2539],{"class":80},[44,14389,7452],{"class":1675},[44,14391,8969],{"class":80},[30,14393,1238],{"id":1237},[20,14395,14396,14397,2539],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14398,12097],{},[139,14400,14401,14408,14413,14418],{},[142,14402,675,14403,10752,14405,14407],{},[15,14404,55],{},[15,14406,12439],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[142,14409,4244,14410,14412],{},[15,14411,12439],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[142,14414,14415,14416],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14417,12439],{},[142,14419,14420],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14422,14423],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[35,14425,14427],{"className":37,"code":14426,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14428,14429,14439,14449,14463,14486,14509],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14430,14431,14433,14435,14437],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14432,95],{"class":94},[44,14434,98],{"class":80},[44,14436,11795],{"class":84},[44,14438,104],{"class":80},[44,14440,14441,14443,14445,14447],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,14442,95],{"class":94},[44,14444,98],{"class":80},[44,14446,13993],{"class":84},[44,14448,104],{"class":80},[44,14450,14451,14453,14455,14457,14459,14461],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,14452,95],{"class":94},[44,14454,98],{"class":80},[44,14456,11748],{"class":84},[44,14458,11856],{"class":524},[44,14460,14047],{"class":84},[44,14462,104],{"class":80},[44,14464,14465,14467,14469,14471,14473,14475,14477,14480,14482,14484],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,14466,95],{"class":94},[44,14468,98],{"class":80},[44,14470,12312],{"class":94},[44,14472,98],{"class":80},[44,14474,11795],{"class":84},[44,14476,8893],{"class":80},[44,14478,14479],{"class":94}," id",[44,14481,98],{"class":80},[44,14483,13993],{"class":84},[44,14485,370],{"class":80},[44,14487,14488,14490,14492,14494,14496,14498,14500,14502,14505,14507],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,14489,95],{"class":94},[44,14491,98],{"class":80},[44,14493,12312],{"class":94},[44,14495,98],{"class":80},[44,14497,11795],{"class":84},[44,14499,3561],{"class":80},[44,14501,362],{"class":58},[44,14503,14504],{"class":62},"key",[44,14506,362],{"class":58},[44,14508,2656],{"class":80},[44,14510,14511,14513,14515,14517,14519,14521,14523,14525,14527,14529],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,14512,95],{"class":94},[44,14514,98],{"class":80},[44,14516,12312],{"class":94},[44,14518,98],{"class":80},[44,14520,13993],{"class":84},[44,14522,3561],{"class":80},[44,14524,362],{"class":58},[44,14526,14504],{"class":62},[44,14528,362],{"class":58},[44,14530,2656],{"class":80},[20,14532,14533],{},"What these help you check:",[139,14535,14536,14539,14542],{},[142,14537,14538],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[142,14540,14541],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[142,14543,14544],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14546,14547,14548,81],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[243,14549,14551],{"href":14550},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[30,14553,1478],{"id":1477},[267,14555,1482,14557,14559],{"id":14556},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,14558,12097],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,14561,14562],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[267,14564,14566,14567,14569],{"id":14565},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,14568,12097],{}," a deep copy?",[20,14571,14572],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[267,14574,4842,14576,4057,14578,1520],{"id":14575},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,14577,12439],{},[15,14579,55],{},[20,14581,14582,14584,14585,14587],{},[15,14583,12439],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,14586,55],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[267,14589,14591],{"id":14590},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,14593,14594],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[30,14596,1545],{"id":1544},[139,14598,14599,14603,14607,14611,14618,14624],{},[142,14600,14601],{},[243,14602,10903],{"href":12689},[142,14604,14605],{},[243,14606,8815],{"href":12686},[142,14608,14609],{},[243,14610,13454],{"href":13453},[142,14612,14613],{},[243,14614,10397,14615,1555],{"href":13696},[15,14616,14617],{},"update()",[142,14619,14620],{},[243,14621,10397,14622,1555],{"href":12486},[15,14623,10982],{},[142,14625,14626],{},[243,14627,14628],{"href":14550},"How to copy a list in Python",[1577,14630,14631],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":14633},[14634,14635,14637,14638,14639,14640,14642,14648,14649,14650,14659],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":12658,"depth":69,"text":14636},"What the copy() method does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":11135,"depth":69,"text":11136},{"id":13096,"depth":69,"text":13097},{"id":13457,"depth":69,"text":14641},"When to use copy()",{"id":13706,"depth":69,"text":14643,"children":14644},"copy() vs assignment",[14645,14646],{"id":13722,"depth":91,"text":13723},{"id":13930,"depth":91,"text":14647},"Using copy()",{"id":14161,"depth":69,"text":14162},{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":14651},[14652,14654,14656,14658],{"id":14556,"depth":91,"text":14653},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14565,"depth":91,"text":14655},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14575,"depth":91,"text":14657},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14590,"depth":91,"text":14591},{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12492,"description":14660},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14667,"title":14668,"body":14669,"description":16868,"extension":1611,"meta":16869,"navigation":184,"path":12689,"seo":16870,"stem":16871,"__hash__":16872},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14670,"toc":16830},[14671,14674,14680,14689,14691,14767,14771,14820,14823,14827,14841,14844,14848,14861,14864,14897,14911,14914,14926,14930,14933,14941,15021,15025,15078,15082,15100,15102,15184,15187,15189,15192,15195,15218,15242,15246,15254,15257,15261,15270,15275,15333,15337,15370,15376,15382,15385,15440,15444,15494,15497,15503,15506,15514,15516,15561,15566,15575,15578,15581,15628,15630,15635,15638,15732,15736,15789,15792,15848,15851,15855,15858,15872,15876,15942,15946,15971,15974,15978,16056,16060,16063,16066,16086,16089,16142,16146,16149,16152,16165,16167,16256,16263,16266,16277,16279,16282,16302,16306,16309,16318,16321,16360,16364,16366,16375,16384,16386,16424,16428,16475,16479,16500,16504,16507,16619,16624,16722,16744,16746,16750,16757,16761,16767,16771,16774,16778,16781,16788,16796,16798,16824,16827],[10,14672,14668],{"id":14673},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,14675,14676,14677,14679],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[830,14678,8791],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,14681,14682,14683,2532,14685,81],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[243,14684,8815],{"href":8814},[243,14686,14688],{"href":14687},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[30,14690,1653],{"id":1652},[35,14692,14694],{"className":37,"code":14693,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14695,14696,14704,14722,14736,14749,14753,14757],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14697,14698,14700,14702],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14699,12526],{"class":50},[44,14701,55],{"class":54},[44,14703,11154],{"class":80},[44,14705,14706,14708,14710,14712,14714,14716,14718,14720],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,14707,11159],{"class":58},[44,14709,302],{"class":62},[44,14711,362],{"class":58},[44,14713,2539],{"class":80},[44,14715,59],{"class":58},[44,14717,12543],{"class":62},[44,14719,362],{"class":58},[44,14721,11175],{"class":80},[44,14723,14724,14726,14728,14730,14732,14734],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,14725,11159],{"class":58},[44,14727,8959],{"class":62},[44,14729,362],{"class":58},[44,14731,2539],{"class":80},[44,14733,7452],{"class":1675},[44,14735,11175],{"class":80},[44,14737,14738,14740,14743,14745,14747],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,14739,11159],{"class":58},[44,14741,14742],{"class":62},"is_active",[44,14744,362],{"class":58},[44,14746,2539],{"class":80},[44,14748,6086],{"class":3513},[44,14750,14751],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,14752,8969],{"class":80},[44,14754,14755],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,14756,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,14758,14759,14761,14763,14765],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,14760,95],{"class":94},[44,14762,98],{"class":80},[44,14764,13289],{"class":84},[44,14766,104],{"class":80},[20,14768,14769],{},[830,14770,107],{},[35,14772,14774],{"className":37,"code":14773,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,14775,14776],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14777,14778,14780,14782,14784,14786,14788,14790,14792,14794,14796,14798,14800,14802,14804,14806,14808,14810,14812,14814,14816,14818],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14779,8938],{"class":80},[44,14781,655],{"class":58},[44,14783,302],{"class":62},[44,14785,655],{"class":58},[44,14787,2539],{"class":80},[44,14789,2955],{"class":58},[44,14791,12543],{"class":62},[44,14793,655],{"class":58},[44,14795,2646],{"class":80},[44,14797,2955],{"class":58},[44,14799,8959],{"class":62},[44,14801,655],{"class":58},[44,14803,2539],{"class":80},[44,14805,7452],{"class":1675},[44,14807,2646],{"class":80},[44,14809,2955],{"class":58},[44,14811,14742],{"class":62},[44,14813,655],{"class":58},[44,14815,2539],{"class":80},[44,14817,3577],{"class":3513},[44,14819,8969],{"class":80},[20,14821,14822],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[30,14824,14826],{"id":14825},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[139,14828,14829,14832,14835,14838],{},[142,14830,14831],{},"What a dictionary is",[142,14833,14834],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[142,14836,14837],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[142,14839,14840],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[30,14842,14831],{"id":14843},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,14845,8788,14846,81],{},[830,14847,8791],{},[139,14849,14850,14856],{},[142,14851,14852,14853,14855],{},"A ",[830,14854,14504],{}," is the label",[142,14857,14852,14858,14860],{},[830,14859,2126],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,14862,14863],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[35,14865,14867],{"className":37,"code":14866,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,14868,14869,14877,14893],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14870,14871,14873,14875],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14872,12526],{"class":50},[44,14874,55],{"class":54},[44,14876,11154],{"class":80},[44,14878,14879,14881,14883,14885,14887,14889,14891],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,14880,11159],{"class":58},[44,14882,302],{"class":62},[44,14884,362],{"class":58},[44,14886,2539],{"class":80},[44,14888,59],{"class":58},[44,14890,12543],{"class":62},[44,14892,66],{"class":58},[44,14894,14895],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,14896,8969],{"class":80},[139,14898,14899,14905],{},[142,14900,14901,14904],{},[15,14902,14903],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[142,14906,14907,14910],{},[15,14908,14909],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,14912,14913],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[139,14915,14916,14918,14920,14923],{},[142,14917,302],{},[142,14919,8959],{},[142,14921,14922],{},"email",[142,14924,14925],{},"country",[30,14927,14929],{"id":14928},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,14931,14932],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,14934,119,14935,14937,14938,81],{},[15,14936,3453],{}," and write each item as ",[15,14939,14940],{},"key: value",[35,14942,14944],{"className":37,"code":14943,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14945,14946,14954,14972,14986,15003,15007,15011],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14947,14948,14950,14952],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14949,12526],{"class":50},[44,14951,55],{"class":54},[44,14953,11154],{"class":80},[44,14955,14956,14958,14960,14962,14964,14966,14968,14970],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,14957,11159],{"class":58},[44,14959,302],{"class":62},[44,14961,362],{"class":58},[44,14963,2539],{"class":80},[44,14965,59],{"class":58},[44,14967,12543],{"class":62},[44,14969,362],{"class":58},[44,14971,11175],{"class":80},[44,14973,14974,14976,14978,14980,14982,14984],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,14975,11159],{"class":58},[44,14977,8959],{"class":62},[44,14979,362],{"class":58},[44,14981,2539],{"class":80},[44,14983,7452],{"class":1675},[44,14985,11175],{"class":80},[44,14987,14988,14990,14993,14995,14997,14999,15001],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,14989,11159],{"class":58},[44,14991,14992],{"class":62},"course",[44,14994,362],{"class":58},[44,14996,2539],{"class":80},[44,14998,59],{"class":58},[44,15000,6959],{"class":62},[44,15002,66],{"class":58},[44,15004,15005],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,15006,8969],{"class":80},[44,15008,15009],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,15010,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,15012,15013,15015,15017,15019],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,15014,95],{"class":94},[44,15016,98],{"class":80},[44,15018,13289],{"class":84},[44,15020,104],{"class":80},[20,15022,15023],{},[830,15024,107],{},[35,15026,15028],{"className":37,"code":15027,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15029,15030],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15031,15032,15034,15036,15038,15040,15042,15044,15046,15048,15050,15052,15054,15056,15058,15060,15062,15064,15066,15068,15070,15072,15074,15076],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15033,8938],{"class":80},[44,15035,655],{"class":58},[44,15037,302],{"class":62},[44,15039,655],{"class":58},[44,15041,2539],{"class":80},[44,15043,2955],{"class":58},[44,15045,12543],{"class":62},[44,15047,655],{"class":58},[44,15049,2646],{"class":80},[44,15051,2955],{"class":58},[44,15053,8959],{"class":62},[44,15055,655],{"class":58},[44,15057,2539],{"class":80},[44,15059,7452],{"class":1675},[44,15061,2646],{"class":80},[44,15063,2955],{"class":58},[44,15065,14992],{"class":62},[44,15067,655],{"class":58},[44,15069,2539],{"class":80},[44,15071,2955],{"class":58},[44,15073,6959],{"class":62},[44,15075,655],{"class":58},[44,15077,8969],{"class":80},[267,15079,15081],{"id":15080},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[139,15083,15084,15089,15094,15097],{},[142,15085,119,15086,15088],{},[15,15087,3453],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[142,15090,15091,15092],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15093,14940],{},[142,15095,15096],{},"Separate items with commas",[142,15098,15099],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15101,161],{},[35,15103,15105],{"className":37,"code":15104,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15106,15107,15116,15136,15152,15165,15169,15173],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15108,15109,15112,15114],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15110,15111],{"class":50},"book ",[44,15113,55],{"class":54},[44,15115,11154],{"class":80},[44,15117,15118,15120,15123,15125,15127,15129,15132,15134],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,15119,11159],{"class":58},[44,15121,15122],{"class":62},"title",[44,15124,362],{"class":58},[44,15126,2539],{"class":80},[44,15128,59],{"class":58},[44,15130,15131],{"class":62},"Python Basics",[44,15133,362],{"class":58},[44,15135,11175],{"class":80},[44,15137,15138,15140,15143,15145,15147,15150],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,15139,11159],{"class":58},[44,15141,15142],{"class":62},"pages",[44,15144,362],{"class":58},[44,15146,2539],{"class":80},[44,15148,15149],{"class":1675}," 150",[44,15151,11175],{"class":80},[44,15153,15154,15156,15159,15161,15163],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,15155,11159],{"class":58},[44,15157,15158],{"class":62},"available",[44,15160,362],{"class":58},[44,15162,2539],{"class":80},[44,15164,6086],{"class":3513},[44,15166,15167],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,15168,8969],{"class":80},[44,15170,15171],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,15172,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,15174,15175,15177,15179,15182],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,15176,95],{"class":94},[44,15178,98],{"class":80},[44,15180,15181],{"class":84},"book",[44,15183,104],{"class":80},[20,15185,15186],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[30,15188,9063],{"id":9062},[20,15190,15191],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15193,15194],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[35,15196,15198],{"className":37,"code":15197,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15199,15200,15208],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15201,15202,15204,15206],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15203,8825],{"class":50},[44,15205,55],{"class":54},[44,15207,9498],{"class":80},[44,15209,15210,15212,15214,15216],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,15211,95],{"class":94},[44,15213,98],{"class":80},[44,15215,8864],{"class":84},[44,15217,104],{"class":80},[35,15219,15220],{"className":37,"code":9066,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,15221,15222,15232],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15223,15224,15226,15228,15230],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15225,8825],{"class":50},[44,15227,55],{"class":54},[44,15229,8830],{"class":1461},[44,15231,88],{"class":80},[44,15233,15234,15236,15238,15240],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,15235,95],{"class":94},[44,15237,98],{"class":80},[44,15239,8864],{"class":84},[44,15241,104],{"class":80},[20,15243,15244],{},[830,15245,107],{},[35,15247,15248],{"className":37,"code":9095,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,15249,15250],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15251,15252],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15253,9095],{"class":80},[20,15255,15256],{},"Both are correct.",[267,15258,15260],{"id":15259},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15262,15263,15265,15266,15269],{},[15,15264,3453],{}," creates an empty ",[830,15267,15268],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15271,15272,15273,81],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15274,3458],{},[35,15276,15278],{"className":37,"code":15277,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15279,15280,15288,15300,15304,15318],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15281,15282,15284,15286],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15283,11386],{"class":50},[44,15285,55],{"class":54},[44,15287,9498],{"class":80},[44,15289,15290,15293,15295,15298],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,15291,15292],{"class":50},"my_set ",[44,15294,55],{"class":54},[44,15296,15297],{"class":1461}," set",[44,15299,88],{"class":80},[44,15301,15302],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,15303,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,15305,15306,15308,15310,15312,15314,15316],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,15307,95],{"class":94},[44,15309,98],{"class":80},[44,15311,2880],{"class":1461},[44,15313,98],{"class":80},[44,15315,11110],{"class":84},[44,15317,370],{"class":80},[44,15319,15320,15322,15324,15326,15328,15331],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,15321,95],{"class":94},[44,15323,98],{"class":80},[44,15325,2880],{"class":1461},[44,15327,98],{"class":80},[44,15329,15330],{"class":84},"my_set",[44,15332,370],{"class":80},[20,15334,15335],{},[830,15336,107],{},[35,15338,15340],{"className":37,"code":15339,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15341,15342,15356],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15343,15344,15346,15348,15350,15352,15354],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15345,2949],{"class":54},[44,15347,2952],{"class":1717},[44,15349,2955],{"class":58},[44,15351,8480],{"class":62},[44,15353,655],{"class":58},[44,15355,2962],{"class":54},[44,15357,15358,15360,15362,15364,15366,15368],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,15359,2949],{"class":54},[44,15361,2952],{"class":1717},[44,15363,2955],{"class":58},[44,15365,5952],{"class":62},[44,15367,655],{"class":58},[44,15369,2962],{"class":54},[30,15371,15373,15374],{"id":15372},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15375,8779],{},[20,15377,15378,15379,15381],{},"You can also use ",[15,15380,8779],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15383,15384],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[35,15386,15388],{"className":37,"code":15387,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15389,15390,15430],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15391,15392,15394,15396,15398,15400,15402,15404,15406,15408,15410,15412,15414,15416,15419,15421,15424,15426,15428],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15393,12526],{"class":50},[44,15395,55],{"class":54},[44,15397,8830],{"class":1461},[44,15399,98],{"class":80},[44,15401,302],{"class":8835},[44,15403,55],{"class":54},[44,15405,362],{"class":58},[44,15407,12543],{"class":62},[44,15409,362],{"class":58},[44,15411,2646],{"class":80},[44,15413,8848],{"class":8835},[44,15415,55],{"class":54},[44,15417,15418],{"class":1675},"20",[44,15420,2646],{"class":80},[44,15422,15423],{"class":8835}," active",[44,15425,55],{"class":54},[44,15427,3263],{"class":3513},[44,15429,104],{"class":80},[44,15431,15432,15434,15436,15438],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,15433,95],{"class":94},[44,15435,98],{"class":80},[44,15437,13289],{"class":84},[44,15439,104],{"class":80},[20,15441,15442],{},[830,15443,107],{},[35,15445,15447],{"className":37,"code":15446,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15448,15449],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15450,15451,15453,15455,15457,15459,15461,15463,15465,15467,15469,15471,15473,15475,15477,15479,15481,15483,15486,15488,15490,15492],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15452,8938],{"class":80},[44,15454,655],{"class":58},[44,15456,302],{"class":62},[44,15458,655],{"class":58},[44,15460,2539],{"class":80},[44,15462,2955],{"class":58},[44,15464,12543],{"class":62},[44,15466,655],{"class":58},[44,15468,2646],{"class":80},[44,15470,2955],{"class":58},[44,15472,8959],{"class":62},[44,15474,655],{"class":58},[44,15476,2539],{"class":80},[44,15478,7452],{"class":1675},[44,15480,2646],{"class":80},[44,15482,2955],{"class":58},[44,15484,15485],{"class":62},"active",[44,15487,655],{"class":58},[44,15489,2539],{"class":80},[44,15491,3577],{"class":3513},[44,15493,8969],{"class":80},[20,15495,15496],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[267,15498,15500,15501],{"id":15499},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15502,8779],{},[20,15504,15505],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[139,15507,15508,15511],{},[142,15509,15510],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[142,15512,15513],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15515,6351],{},[35,15517,15519],{"className":37,"code":15518,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15520,15521,15551],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15522,15523,15525,15527,15529,15531,15533,15535,15537,15539,15541,15543,15545,15547,15549],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15524,11149],{"class":50},[44,15526,55],{"class":54},[44,15528,8830],{"class":1461},[44,15530,98],{"class":80},[44,15532,302],{"class":8835},[44,15534,55],{"class":54},[44,15536,362],{"class":58},[44,15538,7338],{"class":62},[44,15540,362],{"class":58},[44,15542,2646],{"class":80},[44,15544,8848],{"class":8835},[44,15546,55],{"class":54},[44,15548,8853],{"class":1675},[44,15550,104],{"class":80},[44,15552,15553,15555,15557,15559],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,15554,95],{"class":94},[44,15556,98],{"class":80},[44,15558,11243],{"class":84},[44,15560,104],{"class":80},[20,15562,4293,15563,15565],{},[830,15564,832],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[35,15567,15569],{"className":37,"code":15568,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,15570,15571],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15572,15573],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15574,15568],{"class":3324},[20,15576,15577],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,15579,15580],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[35,15582,15584],{"className":37,"code":15583,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,15585,15586,15594,15610,15614,15618],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15587,15588,15590,15592],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15589,11149],{"class":50},[44,15591,55],{"class":54},[44,15593,11154],{"class":80},[44,15595,15596,15598,15600,15602,15604,15606,15608],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,15597,11159],{"class":58},[44,15599,10156],{"class":62},[44,15601,362],{"class":58},[44,15603,2539],{"class":80},[44,15605,59],{"class":58},[44,15607,7338],{"class":62},[44,15609,66],{"class":58},[44,15611,15612],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,15613,8969],{"class":80},[44,15615,15616],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,15617,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,15619,15620,15622,15624,15626],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,15621,95],{"class":94},[44,15623,98],{"class":80},[44,15625,11243],{"class":84},[44,15627,104],{"class":80},[30,15629,9105],{"id":9104},[20,15631,15632,15634],{},[15,15633,8779],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,15636,15637],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[35,15639,15641],{"className":37,"code":15640,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15642,15643,15700,15704,15718,15722],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15644,15645,15647,15649,15651,15653,15655,15657,15659,15661,15663,15665,15667,15669,15671,15673,15675,15677,15679,15681,15683,15685,15687,15689,15691,15693,15696,15698],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15646,8875],{"class":50},[44,15648,55],{"class":54},[44,15650,8880],{"class":80},[44,15652,362],{"class":58},[44,15654,302],{"class":62},[44,15656,362],{"class":58},[44,15658,2646],{"class":80},[44,15660,59],{"class":58},[44,15662,12543],{"class":62},[44,15664,362],{"class":58},[44,15666,8893],{"class":80},[44,15668,8896],{"class":80},[44,15670,362],{"class":58},[44,15672,8959],{"class":62},[44,15674,362],{"class":58},[44,15676,2646],{"class":80},[44,15678,7452],{"class":1675},[44,15680,8893],{"class":80},[44,15682,8896],{"class":80},[44,15684,362],{"class":58},[44,15686,10069],{"class":62},[44,15688,362],{"class":58},[44,15690,2646],{"class":80},[44,15692,59],{"class":58},[44,15694,15695],{"class":62},"Lima",[44,15697,362],{"class":58},[44,15699,8909],{"class":80},[44,15701,15702],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,15703,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,15705,15706,15708,15710,15712,15714,15716],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,15707,12526],{"class":50},[44,15709,55],{"class":54},[44,15711,8830],{"class":1461},[44,15713,98],{"class":80},[44,15715,8922],{"class":84},[44,15717,104],{"class":80},[44,15719,15720],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,15721,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,15723,15724,15726,15728,15730],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,15725,95],{"class":94},[44,15727,98],{"class":80},[44,15729,13289],{"class":84},[44,15731,104],{"class":80},[20,15733,15734],{},[830,15735,107],{},[35,15737,15739],{"className":37,"code":15738,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,15740,15741],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15742,15743,15745,15747,15749,15751,15753,15755,15757,15759,15761,15763,15765,15767,15769,15771,15773,15775,15777,15779,15781,15783,15785,15787],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15744,8938],{"class":80},[44,15746,655],{"class":58},[44,15748,302],{"class":62},[44,15750,655],{"class":58},[44,15752,2539],{"class":80},[44,15754,2955],{"class":58},[44,15756,12543],{"class":62},[44,15758,655],{"class":58},[44,15760,2646],{"class":80},[44,15762,2955],{"class":58},[44,15764,8959],{"class":62},[44,15766,655],{"class":58},[44,15768,2539],{"class":80},[44,15770,7452],{"class":1675},[44,15772,2646],{"class":80},[44,15774,2955],{"class":58},[44,15776,10069],{"class":62},[44,15778,655],{"class":58},[44,15780,2539],{"class":80},[44,15782,2955],{"class":58},[44,15784,15695],{"class":62},[44,15786,655],{"class":58},[44,15788,8969],{"class":80},[20,15790,15791],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[35,15793,15795],{"className":37,"code":15794,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,15796,15797,15838],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15798,15799,15801,15803,15805,15808,15810,15812,15814,15816,15818,15820,15822,15824,15826,15828,15830,15832,15834,15836],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15800,12526],{"class":50},[44,15802,55],{"class":54},[44,15804,8830],{"class":1461},[44,15806,15807],{"class":80},"(((",[44,15809,362],{"class":58},[44,15811,302],{"class":62},[44,15813,362],{"class":58},[44,15815,2646],{"class":80},[44,15817,59],{"class":58},[44,15819,12543],{"class":62},[44,15821,362],{"class":58},[44,15823,8893],{"class":80},[44,15825,8896],{"class":80},[44,15827,362],{"class":58},[44,15829,8959],{"class":62},[44,15831,362],{"class":58},[44,15833,2646],{"class":80},[44,15835,7452],{"class":1675},[44,15837,2567],{"class":80},[44,15839,15840,15842,15844,15846],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,15841,95],{"class":94},[44,15843,98],{"class":80},[44,15845,13289],{"class":84},[44,15847,104],{"class":80},[20,15849,15850],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[30,15852,15854],{"id":15853},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,15856,15857],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[139,15859,15860,15863,15866,15869],{},[142,15861,15862],{},"Keys must be unique",[142,15864,15865],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[142,15867,15868],{},"Values can repeat",[142,15870,15871],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[267,15873,15875],{"id":15874},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[35,15877,15879],{"className":37,"code":15878,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,15880,15881,15889,15907,15924,15928,15932],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15882,15883,15885,15887],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15884,8825],{"class":50},[44,15886,55],{"class":54},[44,15888,11154],{"class":80},[44,15890,15891,15893,15895,15897,15899,15901,15903,15905],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,15892,11159],{"class":58},[44,15894,302],{"class":62},[44,15896,362],{"class":58},[44,15898,2539],{"class":80},[44,15900,59],{"class":58},[44,15902,12543],{"class":62},[44,15904,362],{"class":58},[44,15906,11175],{"class":80},[44,15908,15909,15911,15913,15915,15917,15919,15922],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,15910,11159],{"class":58},[44,15912,302],{"class":62},[44,15914,362],{"class":58},[44,15916,2539],{"class":80},[44,15918,59],{"class":58},[44,15920,15921],{"class":62},"Maria",[44,15923,66],{"class":58},[44,15925,15926],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,15927,8969],{"class":80},[44,15929,15930],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,15931,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,15933,15934,15936,15938,15940],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,15935,95],{"class":94},[44,15937,98],{"class":80},[44,15939,8864],{"class":84},[44,15941,104],{"class":80},[20,15943,15944],{},[830,15945,107],{},[35,15947,15949],{"className":37,"code":15948,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,15950,15951],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15952,15953,15955,15957,15959,15961,15963,15965,15967,15969],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15954,8938],{"class":80},[44,15956,655],{"class":58},[44,15958,302],{"class":62},[44,15960,655],{"class":58},[44,15962,2539],{"class":80},[44,15964,2955],{"class":58},[44,15966,15921],{"class":62},[44,15968,655],{"class":58},[44,15970,8969],{"class":80},[20,15972,15973],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[267,15975,15977],{"id":15976},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[35,15979,15981],{"className":37,"code":15980,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,15982,15983,15991,16007,16023,16037,16041,16045],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15984,15985,15987,15989],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15986,4726],{"class":50},[44,15988,55],{"class":54},[44,15990,11154],{"class":80},[44,15992,15993,15996,15998,16000,16003,16005],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,15994,15995],{"class":1675},"    1",[44,15997,2539],{"class":80},[44,15999,59],{"class":58},[44,16001,16002],{"class":62},"low",[44,16004,362],{"class":58},[44,16006,11175],{"class":80},[44,16008,16009,16012,16014,16016,16019,16021],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,16010,16011],{"class":1675},"    2",[44,16013,2539],{"class":80},[44,16015,59],{"class":58},[44,16017,16018],{"class":62},"medium",[44,16020,362],{"class":58},[44,16022,11175],{"class":80},[44,16024,16025,16028,16030,16032,16035],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,16026,16027],{"class":1675},"    3",[44,16029,2539],{"class":80},[44,16031,59],{"class":58},[44,16033,16034],{"class":62},"high",[44,16036,66],{"class":58},[44,16038,16039],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,16040,8969],{"class":80},[44,16042,16043],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,16044,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,16046,16047,16049,16051,16054],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,16048,95],{"class":94},[44,16050,98],{"class":80},[44,16052,16053],{"class":84},"scores",[44,16055,104],{"class":80},[267,16057,16059],{"id":16058},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16061,16062],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16064,16065],{},"This will cause an error:",[35,16067,16069],{"className":37,"code":16068,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16070,16071,16076,16081],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16072,16073],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16074,16075],{"class":3324},"# bad = {\n",[44,16077,16078],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,16079,16080],{"class":3324},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[44,16082,16083],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,16084,16085],{"class":3324},"# }\n",[20,16087,16088],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[35,16090,16092],{"className":37,"code":16091,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16093,16094,16103,16123,16127,16131],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16095,16096,16099,16101],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16097,16098],{"class":50},"good ",[44,16100,55],{"class":54},[44,16102,11154],{"class":80},[44,16104,16105,16108,16110,16112,16114,16117,16119,16121],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,16106,16107],{"class":80},"    (",[44,16109,2643],{"class":1675},[44,16111,2646],{"class":80},[44,16113,2649],{"class":1675},[44,16115,16116],{"class":80},"):",[44,16118,59],{"class":58},[44,16120,3308],{"class":62},[44,16122,66],{"class":58},[44,16124,16125],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,16126,8969],{"class":80},[44,16128,16129],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,16130,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,16132,16133,16135,16137,16140],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,16134,95],{"class":94},[44,16136,98],{"class":80},[44,16138,16139],{"class":84},"good",[44,16141,104],{"class":80},[30,16143,16145],{"id":16144},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16147,16148],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16150,16151],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[139,16153,16154,16157,16159,16162],{},[142,16155,16156],{},"user data",[142,16158,13548],{},[142,16160,16161],{},"counters",[142,16163,16164],{},"lookups",[20,16166,161],{},[35,16168,16170],{"className":37,"code":16169,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16171,16172,16180,16199,16218,16230,16234,16238],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16173,16174,16176,16178],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16175,11149],{"class":50},[44,16177,55],{"class":54},[44,16179,11154],{"class":80},[44,16181,16182,16184,16186,16188,16190,16192,16195,16197],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,16183,11159],{"class":58},[44,16185,7646],{"class":62},[44,16187,362],{"class":58},[44,16189,2539],{"class":80},[44,16191,59],{"class":58},[44,16193,16194],{"class":62},"ana123",[44,16196,362],{"class":58},[44,16198,11175],{"class":80},[44,16200,16201,16203,16205,16207,16209,16211,16214,16216],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,16202,11159],{"class":58},[44,16204,14922],{"class":62},[44,16206,362],{"class":58},[44,16208,2539],{"class":80},[44,16210,59],{"class":58},[44,16212,16213],{"class":62},"ana@example.com",[44,16215,362],{"class":58},[44,16217,11175],{"class":80},[44,16219,16220,16222,16224,16226,16228],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,16221,11159],{"class":58},[44,16223,12177],{"class":62},[44,16225,362],{"class":58},[44,16227,2539],{"class":80},[44,16229,6086],{"class":3513},[44,16231,16232],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,16233,8969],{"class":80},[44,16235,16236],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,16237,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,16239,16240,16242,16244,16246,16248,16250,16252,16254],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,16241,95],{"class":94},[44,16243,98],{"class":80},[44,16245,11243],{"class":84},[44,16247,3561],{"class":80},[44,16249,362],{"class":58},[44,16251,14922],{"class":62},[44,16253,362],{"class":58},[44,16255,3549],{"class":80},[20,16257,16258,16259,81],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[243,16260,16262],{"href":16261},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16264,16265],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[139,16267,16268,16271,16274],{},[142,16269,16270],{},"labels are not needed",[142,16272,16273],{},"you mostly care about position",[142,16275,16276],{},"order matters more than named fields",[30,16278,1238],{"id":1237},[20,16280,16281],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[139,16283,16284,16287,16290,16293,16296],{},[142,16285,16286],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[142,16288,16289],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[142,16291,16292],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[142,16294,16295],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[142,16297,16298,16299,16301],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16300,3453],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[267,16303,16305],{"id":16304},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16307,16308],{},"Wrong:",[35,16310,16312],{"className":37,"code":16311,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16313,16314],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16315,16316],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16317,16311],{"class":3324},[20,16319,16320],{},"Correct:",[35,16322,16324],{"className":37,"code":16323,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16325,16326,16350],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16327,16328,16330,16332,16334,16336,16338,16340,16342,16344,16346,16348],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16329,12526],{"class":50},[44,16331,55],{"class":54},[44,16333,10151],{"class":80},[44,16335,362],{"class":58},[44,16337,302],{"class":62},[44,16339,362],{"class":58},[44,16341,2539],{"class":80},[44,16343,59],{"class":58},[44,16345,12543],{"class":62},[44,16347,362],{"class":58},[44,16349,8969],{"class":80},[44,16351,16352,16354,16356,16358],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,16353,95],{"class":94},[44,16355,98],{"class":80},[44,16357,13289],{"class":84},[44,16359,104],{"class":80},[267,16361,16363],{"id":16362},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16365,16308],{},[35,16367,16369],{"className":37,"code":16368,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16370,16371],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16372,16373],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16374,16368],{"class":3324},[20,16376,16377,16378,16380,16381,16383],{},"This only works if ",[15,16379,302],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16382,14903],{},", use quotes.",[20,16385,16320],{},[35,16387,16388],{"className":37,"code":16323,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,16389,16390,16414],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16391,16392,16394,16396,16398,16400,16402,16404,16406,16408,16410,16412],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16393,12526],{"class":50},[44,16395,55],{"class":54},[44,16397,10151],{"class":80},[44,16399,362],{"class":58},[44,16401,302],{"class":62},[44,16403,362],{"class":58},[44,16405,2539],{"class":80},[44,16407,59],{"class":58},[44,16409,12543],{"class":62},[44,16411,362],{"class":58},[44,16413,8969],{"class":80},[44,16415,16416,16418,16420,16422],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,16417,95],{"class":94},[44,16419,98],{"class":80},[44,16421,13289],{"class":84},[44,16423,104],{"class":80},[267,16425,16427],{"id":16426},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[35,16429,16431],{"className":37,"code":16430,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16432,16433,16465],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16434,16435,16437,16439,16441,16443,16445,16447,16449,16451,16453,16455,16457,16459,16461,16463],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16436,8825],{"class":50},[44,16438,55],{"class":54},[44,16440,10151],{"class":80},[44,16442,362],{"class":58},[44,16444,8959],{"class":62},[44,16446,362],{"class":58},[44,16448,2539],{"class":80},[44,16450,7452],{"class":1675},[44,16452,2646],{"class":80},[44,16454,59],{"class":58},[44,16456,8959],{"class":62},[44,16458,362],{"class":58},[44,16460,2539],{"class":80},[44,16462,7457],{"class":1675},[44,16464,8969],{"class":80},[44,16466,16467,16469,16471,16473],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,16468,95],{"class":94},[44,16470,98],{"class":80},[44,16472,8864],{"class":84},[44,16474,104],{"class":80},[20,16476,16477],{},[830,16478,107],{},[35,16480,16482],{"className":37,"code":16481,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16483,16484],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16485,16486,16488,16490,16492,16494,16496,16498],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16487,8938],{"class":80},[44,16489,655],{"class":58},[44,16491,8959],{"class":62},[44,16493,655],{"class":58},[44,16495,2539],{"class":80},[44,16497,7457],{"class":1675},[44,16499,8969],{"class":80},[30,16501,16503],{"id":16502},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16505,16506],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[35,16508,16510],{"className":37,"code":16509,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16511,16512,16548,16552,16562,16576,16591,16605],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16513,16514,16516,16518,16520,16522,16524,16526,16528,16530,16532,16534,16536,16538,16540,16542,16544,16546],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16515,11386],{"class":50},[44,16517,55],{"class":54},[44,16519,10151],{"class":80},[44,16521,362],{"class":58},[44,16523,302],{"class":62},[44,16525,362],{"class":58},[44,16527,2539],{"class":80},[44,16529,59],{"class":58},[44,16531,12543],{"class":62},[44,16533,362],{"class":58},[44,16535,2646],{"class":80},[44,16537,59],{"class":58},[44,16539,8959],{"class":62},[44,16541,362],{"class":58},[44,16543,2539],{"class":80},[44,16545,7452],{"class":1675},[44,16547,8969],{"class":80},[44,16549,16550],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,16551,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,16553,16554,16556,16558,16560],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,16555,95],{"class":94},[44,16557,98],{"class":80},[44,16559,11110],{"class":84},[44,16561,104],{"class":80},[44,16563,16564,16566,16568,16570,16572,16574],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,16565,95],{"class":94},[44,16567,98],{"class":80},[44,16569,2880],{"class":1461},[44,16571,98],{"class":80},[44,16573,11110],{"class":84},[44,16575,370],{"class":80},[44,16577,16578,16580,16582,16584,16586,16589],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,16579,95],{"class":94},[44,16581,98],{"class":80},[44,16583,11110],{"class":84},[44,16585,81],{"class":80},[44,16587,16588],{"class":84},"keys",[44,16590,201],{"class":80},[44,16592,16593,16595,16597,16599,16601,16603],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,16594,95],{"class":94},[44,16596,98],{"class":80},[44,16598,11110],{"class":84},[44,16600,81],{"class":80},[44,16602,5022],{"class":84},[44,16604,201],{"class":80},[44,16606,16607,16609,16611,16613,16615,16617],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,16608,95],{"class":94},[44,16610,98],{"class":80},[44,16612,10822],{"class":94},[44,16614,98],{"class":80},[44,16616,11110],{"class":84},[44,16618,370],{"class":80},[20,16620,16621],{},[830,16622,16623],{},"Example output:",[35,16625,16627],{"className":37,"code":16626,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,16628,16629,16661,16675,16698,16717],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16630,16631,16633,16635,16637,16639,16641,16643,16645,16647,16649,16651,16653,16655,16657,16659],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16632,8938],{"class":80},[44,16634,655],{"class":58},[44,16636,302],{"class":62},[44,16638,655],{"class":58},[44,16640,2539],{"class":80},[44,16642,2955],{"class":58},[44,16644,12543],{"class":62},[44,16646,655],{"class":58},[44,16648,2646],{"class":80},[44,16650,2955],{"class":58},[44,16652,8959],{"class":62},[44,16654,655],{"class":58},[44,16656,2539],{"class":80},[44,16658,7452],{"class":1675},[44,16660,8969],{"class":80},[44,16662,16663,16665,16667,16669,16671,16673],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,16664,2949],{"class":54},[44,16666,2952],{"class":1717},[44,16668,2955],{"class":58},[44,16670,8480],{"class":62},[44,16672,655],{"class":58},[44,16674,2962],{"class":54},[44,16676,16677,16680,16682,16684,16686,16688,16690,16692,16694,16696],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,16678,16679],{"class":84},"dict_keys",[44,16681,2640],{"class":80},[44,16683,655],{"class":58},[44,16685,302],{"class":62},[44,16687,655],{"class":58},[44,16689,2646],{"class":80},[44,16691,2955],{"class":58},[44,16693,8959],{"class":62},[44,16695,655],{"class":58},[44,16697,3549],{"class":80},[44,16699,16700,16703,16705,16707,16709,16711,16713,16715],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,16701,16702],{"class":84},"dict_values",[44,16704,2640],{"class":80},[44,16706,655],{"class":58},[44,16708,12543],{"class":62},[44,16710,655],{"class":58},[44,16712,2646],{"class":80},[44,16714,7452],{"class":1675},[44,16716,3549],{"class":80},[44,16718,16719],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,16720,16721],{"class":1675},"2\n",[20,16723,16724,16725,839,16731,16737,16738,81],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[243,16726,10397,16728],{"href":16727},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,16729,16730],{},"keys()",[243,16732,10397,16734],{"href":16733},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,16735,16736],{},"values()",", and ",[243,16739,10397,16741],{"href":16740},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,16742,16743],{},"items()",[30,16745,1478],{"id":1477},[267,16747,16749],{"id":16748},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,16751,119,16752,2532,16754,16756],{},[15,16753,3453],{},[15,16755,8779],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[267,16758,16760],{"id":16759},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,16762,16763,16764,81],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,16765,16766],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[267,16768,16770],{"id":16769},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,16772,16773],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[267,16775,16777],{"id":16776},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,16779,16780],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[267,16782,4842,16784,4057,16786,1520],{"id":16783},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,16785,3453],{},[15,16787,8779],{},[20,16789,16790,16792,16793,16795],{},[15,16791,3453],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,16794,8779],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[30,16797,1545],{"id":1544},[139,16799,16800,16804,16810,16814,16820],{},[142,16801,16802],{},[243,16803,8815],{"href":8814},[142,16805,16806],{},[243,16807,10397,16808,1555],{"href":10396},[15,16809,10400],{},[142,16811,16812],{},[243,16813,10912],{"href":10391},[142,16815,16816],{},[243,16817,16819],{"href":16818},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[142,16821,16822],{},[243,16823,10923],{"href":10734},[20,16825,16826],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1577,16828,16829],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":16831},[16832,16833,16834,16835,16838,16841,16846,16847,16852,16853,16858,16859,16867],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":14825,"depth":69,"text":14826},{"id":14843,"depth":69,"text":14831},{"id":14928,"depth":69,"text":14929,"children":16836},[16837],{"id":15080,"depth":91,"text":15081},{"id":9062,"depth":69,"text":9063,"children":16839},[16840],{"id":15259,"depth":91,"text":15260},{"id":15372,"depth":69,"text":16842,"children":16843},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[16844],{"id":15499,"depth":91,"text":16845},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9104,"depth":69,"text":9105},{"id":15853,"depth":69,"text":15854,"children":16848},[16849,16850,16851],{"id":15874,"depth":91,"text":15875},{"id":15976,"depth":91,"text":15977},{"id":16058,"depth":91,"text":16059},{"id":16144,"depth":69,"text":16145},{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238,"children":16854},[16855,16856,16857],{"id":16304,"depth":91,"text":16305},{"id":16362,"depth":91,"text":16363},{"id":16426,"depth":91,"text":16427},{"id":16502,"depth":69,"text":16503},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":16860},[16861,16862,16863,16864,16865],{"id":16748,"depth":91,"text":16749},{"id":16759,"depth":91,"text":16760},{"id":16769,"depth":91,"text":16770},{"id":16776,"depth":91,"text":16777},{"id":16783,"depth":91,"text":16866},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14668,"description":16868},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":16874,"title":16875,"body":16876,"description":19327,"extension":1611,"meta":19328,"navigation":184,"path":19329,"seo":19330,"stem":19331,"__hash__":19332},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":16877,"toc":19283},[16878,16884,16890,16893,16896,16898,16980,16986,16991,16995,17013,17025,17030,17034,17057,17061,17073,17081,17085,17091,17093,17096,17171,17173,17218,17220,17237,17242,17248,17253,17327,17329,17374,17377,17388,17390,17509,17511,17564,17571,17575,17578,17595,17601,17605,17703,17705,17757,17764,17768,17774,17777,17780,17807,17812,17816,17819,17923,17925,17970,17973,17976,17981,17986,17997,17999,18060,18120,18126,18134,18140,18145,18150,18210,18214,18281,18284,18288,18359,18362,18375,18382,18384,18388,18392,18463,18465,18502,18505,18508,18571,18578,18581,18623,18633,18636,18705,18711,18716,18800,18802,18851,18858,18864,18909,18911,18944,18949,18953,18959,18998,19042,19110,19153,19155,19161,19164,19168,19173,19177,19180,19184,19186,19247,19249,19275,19280],[10,16879,10979,16881,18],{"id":16880},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,16882,16883],{},"fromkeys()",[20,16885,16886,16889],{},[15,16887,16888],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,16891,16892],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,16894,16895],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[30,16897,1653],{"id":1652},[35,16899,16901],{"className":37,"code":16900,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,16902,16903,16936,16964,16975],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16904,16905,16908,16910,16912,16914,16916,16918,16920,16922,16924,16926,16928,16930,16932,16934],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16906,16907],{"class":50},"keys ",[44,16909,55],{"class":54},[44,16911,3281],{"class":80},[44,16913,362],{"class":58},[44,16915,302],{"class":62},[44,16917,362],{"class":58},[44,16919,2646],{"class":80},[44,16921,59],{"class":58},[44,16923,8959],{"class":62},[44,16925,362],{"class":58},[44,16927,2646],{"class":80},[44,16929,59],{"class":58},[44,16931,10069],{"class":62},[44,16933,362],{"class":58},[44,16935,3294],{"class":80},[44,16937,16938,16940,16942,16944,16946,16949,16951,16953,16955,16957,16960,16962],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,16939,12867],{"class":50},[44,16941,55],{"class":54},[44,16943,8830],{"class":1461},[44,16945,81],{"class":80},[44,16947,16948],{"class":84},"fromkeys",[44,16950,98],{"class":80},[44,16952,16588],{"class":84},[44,16954,2646],{"class":80},[44,16956,59],{"class":58},[44,16958,16959],{"class":62},"unknown",[44,16961,362],{"class":58},[44,16963,104],{"class":80},[44,16965,16966,16968,16970,16973],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,16967,95],{"class":94},[44,16969,98],{"class":80},[44,16971,16972],{"class":84},"person",[44,16974,104],{"class":80},[44,16976,16977],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,16978,16979],{"class":3324},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,16981,119,16982,16985],{},[15,16983,16984],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[30,16987,126,16989,129],{"id":16988},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,16990,16888],{},[20,16992,16993,2539],{},[15,16994,16888],{},[139,16996,16997,17000,17003,17006],{},[142,16998,16999],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[142,17001,17002],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[142,17004,17005],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[142,17007,17008,17009,17012],{},"Is called as ",[15,17010,17011],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17014,17015,17016,17018,17019,17021,17022,81],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17017,8480],{},", so you write ",[15,17020,17011],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17023,17024],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17026,17027,17028,81],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[243,17029,8815],{"href":12686},[30,17031,17033],{"id":17032},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[35,17035,17037],{"className":37,"code":17036,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17038,17039],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17040,17041,17043,17045,17047,17049,17051,17053,17055],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17042,8480],{"class":1461},[44,17044,81],{"class":80},[44,17046,16948],{"class":84},[44,17048,98],{"class":80},[44,17050,3381],{"class":84},[44,17052,2646],{"class":80},[44,17054,8094],{"class":84},[44,17056,104],{"class":80},[267,17058,17060],{"id":17059},"parameters","Parameters",[139,17062,17063,17068],{},[142,17064,17065,17067],{},[15,17066,3381],{},": the keys to use",[142,17069,17070,17072],{},[15,17071,2126],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17074,17075,17076,17078,17079,81],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17077,2126],{},", each key gets ",[15,17080,3439],{},[267,17082,17084],{"id":17083},"return-value","Return value",[20,17086,17087,17088,81],{},"It returns a ",[830,17089,17090],{},"new dictionary",[30,17092,5452],{"id":5451},[20,17094,17095],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[35,17097,17099],{"className":37,"code":17098,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17100,17101,17134,17156,17160],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17102,17103,17105,17107,17109,17111,17113,17115,17117,17119,17122,17124,17126,17128,17130,17132],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17104,16907],{"class":50},[44,17106,55],{"class":54},[44,17108,3281],{"class":80},[44,17110,362],{"class":58},[44,17112,12755],{"class":62},[44,17114,362],{"class":58},[44,17116,2646],{"class":80},[44,17118,59],{"class":58},[44,17120,17121],{"class":62},"green",[44,17123,362],{"class":58},[44,17125,2646],{"class":80},[44,17127,59],{"class":58},[44,17129,12772],{"class":62},[44,17131,362],{"class":58},[44,17133,3294],{"class":80},[44,17135,17136,17138,17140,17142,17144,17146,17148,17150,17152,17154],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,17137,12738],{"class":50},[44,17139,55],{"class":54},[44,17141,8830],{"class":1461},[44,17143,81],{"class":80},[44,17145,16948],{"class":84},[44,17147,98],{"class":80},[44,17149,16588],{"class":84},[44,17151,2646],{"class":80},[44,17153,3495],{"class":1675},[44,17155,104],{"class":80},[44,17157,17158],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,17159,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,17161,17162,17164,17166,17169],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,17163,95],{"class":94},[44,17165,98],{"class":80},[44,17167,17168],{"class":84},"colors",[44,17170,104],{"class":80},[20,17172,107],{},[35,17174,17176],{"className":37,"code":17175,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17177,17178],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17179,17180,17182,17184,17186,17188,17190,17192,17194,17196,17198,17200,17202,17204,17206,17208,17210,17212,17214,17216],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17181,8938],{"class":80},[44,17183,655],{"class":58},[44,17185,12755],{"class":62},[44,17187,655],{"class":58},[44,17189,2539],{"class":80},[44,17191,3495],{"class":1675},[44,17193,2646],{"class":80},[44,17195,2955],{"class":58},[44,17197,17121],{"class":62},[44,17199,655],{"class":58},[44,17201,2539],{"class":80},[44,17203,3495],{"class":1675},[44,17205,2646],{"class":80},[44,17207,2955],{"class":58},[44,17209,12772],{"class":62},[44,17211,655],{"class":58},[44,17213,2539],{"class":80},[44,17215,3495],{"class":1675},[44,17217,8969],{"class":80},[20,17219,11345],{},[139,17221,17222,17227,17232],{},[142,17223,17224,17226],{},[15,17225,16588],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[142,17228,17229,17231],{},[15,17230,1772],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[142,17233,17234,17236],{},[15,17235,16888],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17238,17239,17240,81],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[243,17241,9052],{"href":12689},[30,17243,675,17245,17247],{"id":17244},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17246,16883],{}," without a value",[20,17249,17250,17251,81],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17252,3439],{},[35,17254,17256],{"className":37,"code":17255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17257,17258,17292,17312,17316],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17259,17260,17263,17265,17267,17269,17271,17273,17275,17277,17279,17281,17283,17285,17288,17290],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17261,17262],{"class":50},"fields ",[44,17264,55],{"class":54},[44,17266,3281],{"class":80},[44,17268,362],{"class":58},[44,17270,7646],{"class":62},[44,17272,362],{"class":58},[44,17274,2646],{"class":80},[44,17276,59],{"class":58},[44,17278,14922],{"class":62},[44,17280,362],{"class":58},[44,17282,2646],{"class":80},[44,17284,59],{"class":58},[44,17286,17287],{"class":62},"password",[44,17289,362],{"class":58},[44,17291,3294],{"class":80},[44,17293,17294,17297,17299,17301,17303,17305,17307,17310],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,17295,17296],{"class":50},"user_data ",[44,17298,55],{"class":54},[44,17300,8830],{"class":1461},[44,17302,81],{"class":80},[44,17304,16948],{"class":84},[44,17306,98],{"class":80},[44,17308,17309],{"class":84},"fields",[44,17311,104],{"class":80},[44,17313,17314],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,17315,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,17317,17318,17320,17322,17325],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,17319,95],{"class":94},[44,17321,98],{"class":80},[44,17323,17324],{"class":84},"user_data",[44,17326,104],{"class":80},[20,17328,107],{},[35,17330,17332],{"className":37,"code":17331,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17333,17334],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17335,17336,17338,17340,17342,17344,17346,17348,17350,17352,17354,17356,17358,17360,17362,17364,17366,17368,17370,17372],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17337,8938],{"class":80},[44,17339,655],{"class":58},[44,17341,7646],{"class":62},[44,17343,655],{"class":58},[44,17345,2539],{"class":80},[44,17347,3514],{"class":3513},[44,17349,2646],{"class":80},[44,17351,2955],{"class":58},[44,17353,14922],{"class":62},[44,17355,655],{"class":58},[44,17357,2539],{"class":80},[44,17359,3514],{"class":3513},[44,17361,2646],{"class":80},[44,17363,2955],{"class":58},[44,17365,17287],{"class":62},[44,17367,655],{"class":58},[44,17369,2539],{"class":80},[44,17371,3514],{"class":3513},[44,17373,8969],{"class":80},[20,17375,17376],{},"This is useful when:",[139,17378,17379,17382,17385],{},[142,17380,17381],{},"You want to create the keys first",[142,17383,17384],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[142,17386,17387],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17389,161],{},[35,17391,17393],{"className":37,"code":17392,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17394,17395,17427,17445,17449,17472,17495,17499],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17396,17397,17399,17401,17403,17405,17407,17409,17411,17413,17415,17417,17419,17421,17423,17425],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17398,17262],{"class":50},[44,17400,55],{"class":54},[44,17402,3281],{"class":80},[44,17404,362],{"class":58},[44,17406,7646],{"class":62},[44,17408,362],{"class":58},[44,17410,2646],{"class":80},[44,17412,59],{"class":58},[44,17414,14922],{"class":62},[44,17416,362],{"class":58},[44,17418,2646],{"class":80},[44,17420,59],{"class":58},[44,17422,17287],{"class":62},[44,17424,362],{"class":58},[44,17426,3294],{"class":80},[44,17428,17429,17431,17433,17435,17437,17439,17441,17443],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,17430,17296],{"class":50},[44,17432,55],{"class":54},[44,17434,8830],{"class":1461},[44,17436,81],{"class":80},[44,17438,16948],{"class":84},[44,17440,98],{"class":80},[44,17442,17309],{"class":84},[44,17444,104],{"class":80},[44,17446,17447],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,17448,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,17450,17451,17453,17455,17457,17459,17461,17463,17465,17467,17470],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,17452,17324],{"class":50},[44,17454,3561],{"class":80},[44,17456,362],{"class":58},[44,17458,7646],{"class":62},[44,17460,362],{"class":58},[44,17462,12936],{"class":80},[44,17464,12939],{"class":54},[44,17466,59],{"class":58},[44,17468,17469],{"class":62},"alice",[44,17471,66],{"class":58},[44,17473,17474,17476,17478,17480,17482,17484,17486,17488,17490,17493],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,17475,17324],{"class":50},[44,17477,3561],{"class":80},[44,17479,362],{"class":58},[44,17481,14922],{"class":62},[44,17483,362],{"class":58},[44,17485,12936],{"class":80},[44,17487,12939],{"class":54},[44,17489,59],{"class":58},[44,17491,17492],{"class":62},"alice@example.com",[44,17494,66],{"class":58},[44,17496,17497],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,17498,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,17500,17501,17503,17505,17507],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,17502,95],{"class":94},[44,17504,98],{"class":80},[44,17506,17324],{"class":84},[44,17508,104],{"class":80},[20,17510,107],{},[35,17512,17514],{"className":37,"code":17513,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17515,17516],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17517,17518,17520,17522,17524,17526,17528,17530,17532,17534,17536,17538,17540,17542,17544,17546,17548,17550,17552,17554,17556,17558,17560,17562],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17519,8938],{"class":80},[44,17521,655],{"class":58},[44,17523,7646],{"class":62},[44,17525,655],{"class":58},[44,17527,2539],{"class":80},[44,17529,2955],{"class":58},[44,17531,17469],{"class":62},[44,17533,655],{"class":58},[44,17535,2646],{"class":80},[44,17537,2955],{"class":58},[44,17539,14922],{"class":62},[44,17541,655],{"class":58},[44,17543,2539],{"class":80},[44,17545,2955],{"class":58},[44,17547,17492],{"class":62},[44,17549,655],{"class":58},[44,17551,2646],{"class":80},[44,17553,2955],{"class":58},[44,17555,17287],{"class":62},[44,17557,655],{"class":58},[44,17559,2539],{"class":80},[44,17561,3514],{"class":3513},[44,17563,8969],{"class":80},[20,17565,17566,17567,81],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[243,17568,17570],{"href":17569},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[30,17572,17574],{"id":17573},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,17576,17577],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[139,17579,17580,17585,17590],{},[142,17581,17582,17584],{},[15,17583,3448],{}," (list)",[142,17586,17587,17589],{},[15,17588,3453],{}," (dictionary)",[142,17591,17592,17594],{},[15,17593,3458],{}," (set)",[20,17596,17597,17598,81],{},"All keys will point to the ",[830,17599,17600],{},"same object",[267,17602,17604],{"id":17603},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[35,17606,17608],{"className":37,"code":17607,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17609,17610,17642,17663,17667,17689,17693],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17611,17612,17614,17616,17618,17620,17622,17624,17626,17628,17630,17632,17634,17636,17638,17640],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17613,16907],{"class":50},[44,17615,55],{"class":54},[44,17617,3281],{"class":80},[44,17619,362],{"class":58},[44,17621,243],{"class":62},[44,17623,362],{"class":58},[44,17625,2646],{"class":80},[44,17627,59],{"class":58},[44,17629,842],{"class":62},[44,17631,362],{"class":58},[44,17633,2646],{"class":80},[44,17635,59],{"class":58},[44,17637,846],{"class":62},[44,17639,362],{"class":58},[44,17641,3294],{"class":80},[44,17643,17644,17646,17648,17650,17652,17654,17656,17658,17660],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,17645,8825],{"class":50},[44,17647,55],{"class":54},[44,17649,8830],{"class":1461},[44,17651,81],{"class":80},[44,17653,16948],{"class":84},[44,17655,98],{"class":80},[44,17657,16588],{"class":84},[44,17659,2646],{"class":80},[44,17661,17662],{"class":80}," [])\n",[44,17664,17665],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,17666,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,17668,17669,17671,17673,17675,17677,17679,17681,17683,17685,17687],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,17670,8864],{"class":50},[44,17672,3561],{"class":80},[44,17674,362],{"class":58},[44,17676,243],{"class":62},[44,17678,362],{"class":58},[44,17680,13213],{"class":80},[44,17682,13216],{"class":84},[44,17684,98],{"class":80},[44,17686,2643],{"class":1675},[44,17688,104],{"class":80},[44,17690,17691],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,17692,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,17694,17695,17697,17699,17701],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,17696,95],{"class":94},[44,17698,98],{"class":80},[44,17700,8864],{"class":84},[44,17702,104],{"class":80},[20,17704,107],{},[35,17706,17708],{"className":37,"code":17707,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,17709,17710],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17711,17712,17714,17716,17718,17720,17722,17724,17726,17729,17731,17733,17735,17737,17739,17741,17743,17745,17747,17749,17751,17753,17755],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17713,8938],{"class":80},[44,17715,655],{"class":58},[44,17717,243],{"class":62},[44,17719,655],{"class":58},[44,17721,2539],{"class":80},[44,17723,3281],{"class":80},[44,17725,2643],{"class":1675},[44,17727,17728],{"class":80},"],",[44,17730,2955],{"class":58},[44,17732,842],{"class":62},[44,17734,655],{"class":58},[44,17736,2539],{"class":80},[44,17738,3281],{"class":80},[44,17740,2643],{"class":1675},[44,17742,17728],{"class":80},[44,17744,2955],{"class":58},[44,17746,846],{"class":62},[44,17748,655],{"class":58},[44,17750,2539],{"class":80},[44,17752,3281],{"class":80},[44,17754,2643],{"class":1675},[44,17756,13369],{"class":80},[20,17758,17759,17760,17763],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,17761,17762],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[267,17765,17767],{"id":17766},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,17769,17770,17773],{},[15,17771,17772],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,17775,17776],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,17778,17779],{},"So this:",[35,17781,17783],{"className":37,"code":17782,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,17784,17785],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17786,17787,17789,17791,17793,17795,17797,17799,17801,17803,17805],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17788,8864],{"class":50},[44,17790,3561],{"class":80},[44,17792,362],{"class":58},[44,17794,243],{"class":62},[44,17796,362],{"class":58},[44,17798,13213],{"class":80},[44,17800,13216],{"class":84},[44,17802,98],{"class":80},[44,17804,2643],{"class":1675},[44,17806,104],{"class":80},[20,17808,17809,17810,81],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,17811,17762],{},[267,17813,17815],{"id":17814},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,17817,17818],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[35,17820,17822],{"className":37,"code":17821,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17823,17824,17856,17883,17887,17909,17913],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17825,17826,17828,17830,17832,17834,17836,17838,17840,17842,17844,17846,17848,17850,17852,17854],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17827,16907],{"class":50},[44,17829,55],{"class":54},[44,17831,3281],{"class":80},[44,17833,362],{"class":58},[44,17835,243],{"class":62},[44,17837,362],{"class":58},[44,17839,2646],{"class":80},[44,17841,59],{"class":58},[44,17843,842],{"class":62},[44,17845,362],{"class":58},[44,17847,2646],{"class":80},[44,17849,59],{"class":58},[44,17851,846],{"class":62},[44,17853,362],{"class":58},[44,17855,3294],{"class":80},[44,17857,17858,17860,17862,17864,17866,17868,17871,17873,17876,17878,17881],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,17859,8825],{"class":50},[44,17861,55],{"class":54},[44,17863,10151],{"class":80},[44,17865,14504],{"class":50},[44,17867,2539],{"class":80},[44,17869,17870],{"class":80}," []",[44,17872,3538],{"class":524},[44,17874,17875],{"class":50}," key ",[44,17877,3544],{"class":524},[44,17879,17880],{"class":50}," keys",[44,17882,8969],{"class":80},[44,17884,17885],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,17886,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,17888,17889,17891,17893,17895,17897,17899,17901,17903,17905,17907],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,17890,8864],{"class":50},[44,17892,3561],{"class":80},[44,17894,362],{"class":58},[44,17896,243],{"class":62},[44,17898,362],{"class":58},[44,17900,13213],{"class":80},[44,17902,13216],{"class":84},[44,17904,98],{"class":80},[44,17906,2643],{"class":1675},[44,17908,104],{"class":80},[44,17910,17911],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,17912,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,17914,17915,17917,17919,17921],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,17916,95],{"class":94},[44,17918,98],{"class":80},[44,17920,8864],{"class":84},[44,17922,104],{"class":80},[20,17924,107],{},[35,17926,17928],{"className":37,"code":17927,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,17929,17930],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17931,17932,17934,17936,17938,17940,17942,17944,17946,17948,17950,17952,17954,17956,17959,17961,17963,17965,17967],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17933,8938],{"class":80},[44,17935,655],{"class":58},[44,17937,243],{"class":62},[44,17939,655],{"class":58},[44,17941,2539],{"class":80},[44,17943,3281],{"class":80},[44,17945,2643],{"class":1675},[44,17947,17728],{"class":80},[44,17949,2955],{"class":58},[44,17951,842],{"class":62},[44,17953,655],{"class":58},[44,17955,2539],{"class":80},[44,17957,17958],{"class":80}," [],",[44,17960,2955],{"class":58},[44,17962,846],{"class":62},[44,17964,655],{"class":58},[44,17966,2539],{"class":80},[44,17968,17969],{"class":80}," []}\n",[20,17971,17972],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,17974,17975],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[30,17977,1133,17979],{"id":17978},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,17980,16883],{},[20,17982,17983,17985],{},[15,17984,16888],{}," is a good choice when:",[139,17987,17988,17991,17994],{},[142,17989,17990],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[142,17992,17993],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[142,17995,17996],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,17998,1778],{},[35,18000,18002],{"className":37,"code":18001,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18003,18004,18049],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18005,18006,18009,18011,18013,18015,18017,18019,18021,18024,18026,18028,18030,18032,18034,18036,18038,18041,18043,18045,18047],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18007,18008],{"class":50},"flags ",[44,18010,55],{"class":54},[44,18012,8830],{"class":1461},[44,18014,81],{"class":80},[44,18016,16948],{"class":84},[44,18018,2640],{"class":80},[44,18020,362],{"class":58},[44,18022,18023],{"class":62},"is_admin",[44,18025,362],{"class":58},[44,18027,2646],{"class":80},[44,18029,59],{"class":58},[44,18031,14742],{"class":62},[44,18033,362],{"class":58},[44,18035,2646],{"class":80},[44,18037,59],{"class":58},[44,18039,18040],{"class":62},"is_verified",[44,18042,362],{"class":58},[44,18044,17728],{"class":80},[44,18046,3568],{"class":3513},[44,18048,104],{"class":80},[44,18050,18051,18053,18055,18058],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,18052,95],{"class":94},[44,18054,98],{"class":80},[44,18056,18057],{"class":84},"flags",[44,18059,104],{"class":80},[35,18061,18063],{"className":37,"code":18062,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18064,18065,18110],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18066,18067,18069,18071,18073,18075,18077,18079,18081,18084,18086,18088,18090,18093,18095,18097,18099,18102,18104,18106,18108],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18068,4726],{"class":50},[44,18070,55],{"class":54},[44,18072,8830],{"class":1461},[44,18074,81],{"class":80},[44,18076,16948],{"class":84},[44,18078,2640],{"class":80},[44,18080,362],{"class":58},[44,18082,18083],{"class":62},"math",[44,18085,362],{"class":58},[44,18087,2646],{"class":80},[44,18089,59],{"class":58},[44,18091,18092],{"class":62},"science",[44,18094,362],{"class":58},[44,18096,2646],{"class":80},[44,18098,59],{"class":58},[44,18100,18101],{"class":62},"history",[44,18103,362],{"class":58},[44,18105,17728],{"class":80},[44,18107,3495],{"class":1675},[44,18109,104],{"class":80},[44,18111,18112,18114,18116,18118],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,18113,95],{"class":94},[44,18115,98],{"class":80},[44,18117,16053],{"class":84},[44,18119,104],{"class":80},[20,18121,18122,18123,18125],{},"It is ",[830,18124,832],{}," the best choice when:",[139,18127,18128,18131],{},[142,18129,18130],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[142,18132,18133],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[30,18135,18137,18139],{"id":18136},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18138,16883],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18141,18142,18144],{},[15,18143,16883],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[267,18146,675,18148],{"id":18147},"using-fromkeys",[15,18149,16883],{},[35,18151,18153],{"className":37,"code":18152,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18154,18155,18200],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18156,18157,18159,18161,18163,18165,18167,18169,18171,18174,18176,18178,18180,18183,18185,18187,18189,18192,18194,18196,18198],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18158,13489],{"class":50},[44,18160,55],{"class":54},[44,18162,8830],{"class":1461},[44,18164,81],{"class":80},[44,18166,16948],{"class":84},[44,18168,2640],{"class":80},[44,18170,362],{"class":58},[44,18172,18173],{"class":62},"sound",[44,18175,362],{"class":58},[44,18177,2646],{"class":80},[44,18179,59],{"class":58},[44,18181,18182],{"class":62},"music",[44,18184,362],{"class":58},[44,18186,2646],{"class":80},[44,18188,59],{"class":58},[44,18190,18191],{"class":62},"notifications",[44,18193,362],{"class":58},[44,18195,17728],{"class":80},[44,18197,3577],{"class":3513},[44,18199,104],{"class":80},[44,18201,18202,18204,18206,18208],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,18203,95],{"class":94},[44,18205,98],{"class":80},[44,18207,13548],{"class":84},[44,18209,104],{"class":80},[267,18211,18213],{"id":18212},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[35,18215,18217],{"className":37,"code":18216,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18218,18219,18227,18241,18255,18267,18271],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18220,18221,18223,18225],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18222,13489],{"class":50},[44,18224,55],{"class":54},[44,18226,11154],{"class":80},[44,18228,18229,18231,18233,18235,18237,18239],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,18230,11159],{"class":58},[44,18232,18173],{"class":62},[44,18234,362],{"class":58},[44,18236,2539],{"class":80},[44,18238,3577],{"class":3513},[44,18240,11175],{"class":80},[44,18242,18243,18245,18247,18249,18251,18253],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,18244,11159],{"class":58},[44,18246,18182],{"class":62},[44,18248,362],{"class":58},[44,18250,2539],{"class":80},[44,18252,3568],{"class":3513},[44,18254,11175],{"class":80},[44,18256,18257,18259,18261,18263,18265],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,18258,11159],{"class":58},[44,18260,18191],{"class":62},[44,18262,362],{"class":58},[44,18264,2539],{"class":80},[44,18266,6086],{"class":3513},[44,18268,18269],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,18270,8969],{"class":80},[44,18272,18273,18275,18277,18279],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,18274,95],{"class":94},[44,18276,98],{"class":80},[44,18278,13548],{"class":84},[44,18280,104],{"class":80},[20,18282,18283],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[267,18285,18287],{"id":18286},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[35,18289,18291],{"className":37,"code":18290,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18292,18293,18325,18349],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18294,18295,18297,18299,18301,18303,18305,18307,18309,18311,18313,18315,18317,18319,18321,18323],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18296,16907],{"class":50},[44,18298,55],{"class":54},[44,18300,3281],{"class":80},[44,18302,362],{"class":58},[44,18304,243],{"class":62},[44,18306,362],{"class":58},[44,18308,2646],{"class":80},[44,18310,59],{"class":58},[44,18312,842],{"class":62},[44,18314,362],{"class":58},[44,18316,2646],{"class":80},[44,18318,59],{"class":58},[44,18320,846],{"class":62},[44,18322,362],{"class":58},[44,18324,3294],{"class":80},[44,18326,18327,18329,18331,18333,18335,18337,18339,18341,18343,18345,18347],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,18328,8825],{"class":50},[44,18330,55],{"class":54},[44,18332,10151],{"class":80},[44,18334,14504],{"class":50},[44,18336,2539],{"class":80},[44,18338,17870],{"class":80},[44,18340,3538],{"class":524},[44,18342,17875],{"class":50},[44,18344,3544],{"class":524},[44,18346,17880],{"class":50},[44,18348,8969],{"class":80},[44,18350,18351,18353,18355,18357],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,18352,95],{"class":94},[44,18354,98],{"class":80},[44,18356,8864],{"class":84},[44,18358,104],{"class":80},[20,18360,18361],{},"Use:",[139,18363,18364,18369,18372],{},[142,18365,18366,18368],{},[15,18367,16883],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[142,18370,18371],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[142,18373,18374],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18376,18377,18378,81],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[243,18379,10397,18380,1555],{"href":13696},[15,18381,14617],{},[30,18383,1238],{"id":1237},[20,18385,14396,18386,81],{},[15,18387,16888],{},[267,18389,18391],{"id":18390},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[35,18393,18395],{"className":37,"code":18394,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18396,18397,18430,18453],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18398,18399,18402,18404,18406,18408,18410,18412,18414,18416,18418,18420,18422,18424,18426,18428],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18400,18401],{"class":50},"d ",[44,18403,55],{"class":54},[44,18405,8830],{"class":1461},[44,18407,81],{"class":80},[44,18409,16948],{"class":84},[44,18411,2640],{"class":80},[44,18413,362],{"class":58},[44,18415,243],{"class":62},[44,18417,362],{"class":58},[44,18419,2646],{"class":80},[44,18421,59],{"class":58},[44,18423,842],{"class":62},[44,18425,362],{"class":58},[44,18427,17728],{"class":80},[44,18429,17662],{"class":80},[44,18431,18432,18435,18437,18439,18441,18443,18445,18447,18449,18451],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,18433,18434],{"class":50},"d",[44,18436,3561],{"class":80},[44,18438,362],{"class":58},[44,18440,243],{"class":62},[44,18442,362],{"class":58},[44,18444,13213],{"class":80},[44,18446,13216],{"class":84},[44,18448,98],{"class":80},[44,18450,2643],{"class":1675},[44,18452,104],{"class":80},[44,18454,18455,18457,18459,18461],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,18456,95],{"class":94},[44,18458,98],{"class":80},[44,18460,18434],{"class":84},[44,18462,104],{"class":80},[20,18464,107],{},[35,18466,18468],{"className":37,"code":18467,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18469,18470],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18471,18472,18474,18476,18478,18480,18482,18484,18486,18488,18490,18492,18494,18496,18498,18500],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18473,8938],{"class":80},[44,18475,655],{"class":58},[44,18477,243],{"class":62},[44,18479,655],{"class":58},[44,18481,2539],{"class":80},[44,18483,3281],{"class":80},[44,18485,2643],{"class":1675},[44,18487,17728],{"class":80},[44,18489,2955],{"class":58},[44,18491,842],{"class":62},[44,18493,655],{"class":58},[44,18495,2539],{"class":80},[44,18497,3281],{"class":80},[44,18499,2643],{"class":1675},[44,18501,13369],{"class":80},[20,18503,18504],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18506,18507],{},"Use this instead:",[35,18509,18511],{"className":37,"code":18510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18512,18513,18537,18561],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18514,18515,18517,18519,18521,18523,18525,18527,18529,18531,18533,18535],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18516,16907],{"class":50},[44,18518,55],{"class":54},[44,18520,3281],{"class":80},[44,18522,362],{"class":58},[44,18524,243],{"class":62},[44,18526,362],{"class":58},[44,18528,2646],{"class":80},[44,18530,59],{"class":58},[44,18532,842],{"class":62},[44,18534,362],{"class":58},[44,18536,3294],{"class":80},[44,18538,18539,18541,18543,18545,18547,18549,18551,18553,18555,18557,18559],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,18540,18401],{"class":50},[44,18542,55],{"class":54},[44,18544,10151],{"class":80},[44,18546,14504],{"class":50},[44,18548,2539],{"class":80},[44,18550,17870],{"class":80},[44,18552,3538],{"class":524},[44,18554,17875],{"class":50},[44,18556,3544],{"class":524},[44,18558,17880],{"class":50},[44,18560,8969],{"class":80},[44,18562,18563,18565,18567,18569],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,18564,95],{"class":94},[44,18566,98],{"class":80},[44,18568,18434],{"class":84},[44,18570,104],{"class":80},[267,18572,18574,18575,18577],{"id":18573},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,18576,16883],{}," on a list",[20,18579,18580],{},"Wrong idea:",[35,18582,18584],{"className":37,"code":18583,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,18585,18586,18618],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18587,18588,18590,18592,18594,18596,18598,18600,18602,18604,18606,18608,18610,18612,18614,18616],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18589,16907],{"class":50},[44,18591,55],{"class":54},[44,18593,3281],{"class":80},[44,18595,362],{"class":58},[44,18597,243],{"class":62},[44,18599,362],{"class":58},[44,18601,2646],{"class":80},[44,18603,59],{"class":58},[44,18605,842],{"class":62},[44,18607,362],{"class":58},[44,18609,2646],{"class":80},[44,18611,59],{"class":58},[44,18613,846],{"class":62},[44,18615,362],{"class":58},[44,18617,3294],{"class":80},[44,18619,18620],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,18621,18622],{"class":3324},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,18624,18625,18627,18628,18630,18631,81],{},[15,18626,16883],{}," belongs to ",[15,18629,8480],{},", not ",[15,18632,7754],{},[20,18634,18635],{},"Correct usage:",[35,18637,18639],{"className":37,"code":18638,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18640,18641,18673,18695],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18642,18643,18645,18647,18649,18651,18653,18655,18657,18659,18661,18663,18665,18667,18669,18671],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18644,16907],{"class":50},[44,18646,55],{"class":54},[44,18648,3281],{"class":80},[44,18650,362],{"class":58},[44,18652,243],{"class":62},[44,18654,362],{"class":58},[44,18656,2646],{"class":80},[44,18658,59],{"class":58},[44,18660,842],{"class":62},[44,18662,362],{"class":58},[44,18664,2646],{"class":80},[44,18666,59],{"class":58},[44,18668,846],{"class":62},[44,18670,362],{"class":58},[44,18672,3294],{"class":80},[44,18674,18675,18677,18679,18681,18683,18685,18687,18689,18691,18693],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,18676,18401],{"class":50},[44,18678,55],{"class":54},[44,18680,8830],{"class":1461},[44,18682,81],{"class":80},[44,18684,16948],{"class":84},[44,18686,98],{"class":80},[44,18688,16588],{"class":84},[44,18690,2646],{"class":80},[44,18692,3495],{"class":1675},[44,18694,104],{"class":80},[44,18696,18697,18699,18701,18703],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,18698,95],{"class":94},[44,18700,98],{"class":80},[44,18702,18434],{"class":84},[44,18704,104],{"class":80},[267,18706,1246,18708,18710],{"id":18707},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,18709,16883],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,18712,18713,18715],{},[15,18714,16888],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[35,18717,18719],{"className":37,"code":18718,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,18720,18721,18741,18775,18779,18789],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18722,18723,18725,18727,18729,18731,18733,18735,18737,18739],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18724,11748],{"class":50},[44,18726,55],{"class":54},[44,18728,10151],{"class":80},[44,18730,362],{"class":58},[44,18732,1110],{"class":62},[44,18734,362],{"class":58},[44,18736,2539],{"class":80},[44,18738,5162],{"class":1675},[44,18740,8969],{"class":80},[44,18742,18743,18745,18747,18749,18751,18753,18755,18757,18759,18761,18763,18765,18767,18769,18771,18773],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,18744,12701],{"class":50},[44,18746,55],{"class":54},[44,18748,8830],{"class":1461},[44,18750,81],{"class":80},[44,18752,16948],{"class":84},[44,18754,2640],{"class":80},[44,18756,362],{"class":58},[44,18758,243],{"class":62},[44,18760,362],{"class":58},[44,18762,2646],{"class":80},[44,18764,59],{"class":58},[44,18766,842],{"class":62},[44,18768,362],{"class":58},[44,18770,17728],{"class":80},[44,18772,3495],{"class":1675},[44,18774,104],{"class":80},[44,18776,18777],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,18778,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,18780,18781,18783,18785,18787],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,18782,95],{"class":94},[44,18784,98],{"class":80},[44,18786,11795],{"class":84},[44,18788,104],{"class":80},[44,18790,18791,18793,18795,18798],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,18792,95],{"class":94},[44,18794,98],{"class":80},[44,18796,18797],{"class":84},"new_dict",[44,18799,104],{"class":80},[20,18801,107],{},[35,18803,18805],{"className":37,"code":18804,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,18806,18807,18823],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18808,18809,18811,18813,18815,18817,18819,18821],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18810,8938],{"class":80},[44,18812,655],{"class":58},[44,18814,1110],{"class":62},[44,18816,655],{"class":58},[44,18818,2539],{"class":80},[44,18820,5162],{"class":1675},[44,18822,8969],{"class":80},[44,18824,18825,18827,18829,18831,18833,18835,18837,18839,18841,18843,18845,18847,18849],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,18826,8938],{"class":80},[44,18828,655],{"class":58},[44,18830,243],{"class":62},[44,18832,655],{"class":58},[44,18834,2539],{"class":80},[44,18836,3495],{"class":1675},[44,18838,2646],{"class":80},[44,18840,2955],{"class":58},[44,18842,842],{"class":62},[44,18844,655],{"class":58},[44,18846,2539],{"class":80},[44,18848,3495],{"class":1675},[44,18850,8969],{"class":80},[20,18852,18853,18854,81],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[243,18855,10397,18856,1555],{"href":13696},[15,18857,14617],{},[267,18859,18861,18862],{"id":18860},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,18863,3439],{},[35,18865,18867],{"className":37,"code":18866,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,18868,18869,18899],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18870,18871,18873,18875,18877,18879,18881,18883,18885,18887,18889,18891,18893,18895,18897],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18872,18401],{"class":50},[44,18874,55],{"class":54},[44,18876,8830],{"class":1461},[44,18878,81],{"class":80},[44,18880,16948],{"class":84},[44,18882,2640],{"class":80},[44,18884,362],{"class":58},[44,18886,1110],{"class":62},[44,18888,362],{"class":58},[44,18890,2646],{"class":80},[44,18892,59],{"class":58},[44,18894,11407],{"class":62},[44,18896,362],{"class":58},[44,18898,3549],{"class":80},[44,18900,18901,18903,18905,18907],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,18902,95],{"class":94},[44,18904,98],{"class":80},[44,18906,18434],{"class":84},[44,18908,104],{"class":80},[20,18910,107],{},[35,18912,18914],{"className":37,"code":18913,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,18915,18916],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18917,18918,18920,18922,18924,18926,18928,18930,18932,18934,18936,18938,18940,18942],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18919,8938],{"class":80},[44,18921,655],{"class":58},[44,18923,1110],{"class":62},[44,18925,655],{"class":58},[44,18927,2539],{"class":80},[44,18929,3514],{"class":3513},[44,18931,2646],{"class":80},[44,18933,2955],{"class":58},[44,18935,11407],{"class":62},[44,18937,655],{"class":58},[44,18939,2539],{"class":80},[44,18941,3514],{"class":3513},[44,18943,8969],{"class":80},[20,18945,18946,18947,81],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,18948,3439],{},[30,18950,18952],{"id":18951},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,18954,18955,18956,18958],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,18957,16883],{}," works.",[35,18960,18962],{"className":37,"code":18961,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,18963,18964],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18965,18966,18968,18970,18972,18974,18976,18978,18980,18982,18984,18986,18988,18990,18992,18994,18996],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18967,95],{"class":94},[44,18969,98],{"class":80},[44,18971,8480],{"class":1461},[44,18973,81],{"class":80},[44,18975,16948],{"class":84},[44,18977,2640],{"class":80},[44,18979,362],{"class":58},[44,18981,243],{"class":62},[44,18983,362],{"class":58},[44,18985,2646],{"class":80},[44,18987,59],{"class":58},[44,18989,842],{"class":62},[44,18991,362],{"class":58},[44,18993,17728],{"class":80},[44,18995,3495],{"class":1675},[44,18997,370],{"class":80},[35,18999,19000],{"className":37,"code":18866,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,19001,19002,19032],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19003,19004,19006,19008,19010,19012,19014,19016,19018,19020,19022,19024,19026,19028,19030],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19005,18401],{"class":50},[44,19007,55],{"class":54},[44,19009,8830],{"class":1461},[44,19011,81],{"class":80},[44,19013,16948],{"class":84},[44,19015,2640],{"class":80},[44,19017,362],{"class":58},[44,19019,1110],{"class":62},[44,19021,362],{"class":58},[44,19023,2646],{"class":80},[44,19025,59],{"class":58},[44,19027,11407],{"class":62},[44,19029,362],{"class":58},[44,19031,3549],{"class":80},[44,19033,19034,19036,19038,19040],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,19035,95],{"class":94},[44,19037,98],{"class":80},[44,19039,18434],{"class":84},[44,19041,104],{"class":80},[35,19043,19044],{"className":37,"code":18394,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,19045,19046,19078,19100],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19047,19048,19050,19052,19054,19056,19058,19060,19062,19064,19066,19068,19070,19072,19074,19076],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19049,18401],{"class":50},[44,19051,55],{"class":54},[44,19053,8830],{"class":1461},[44,19055,81],{"class":80},[44,19057,16948],{"class":84},[44,19059,2640],{"class":80},[44,19061,362],{"class":58},[44,19063,243],{"class":62},[44,19065,362],{"class":58},[44,19067,2646],{"class":80},[44,19069,59],{"class":58},[44,19071,842],{"class":62},[44,19073,362],{"class":58},[44,19075,17728],{"class":80},[44,19077,17662],{"class":80},[44,19079,19080,19082,19084,19086,19088,19090,19092,19094,19096,19098],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,19081,18434],{"class":50},[44,19083,3561],{"class":80},[44,19085,362],{"class":58},[44,19087,243],{"class":62},[44,19089,362],{"class":58},[44,19091,13213],{"class":80},[44,19093,13216],{"class":84},[44,19095,98],{"class":80},[44,19097,2643],{"class":1675},[44,19099,104],{"class":80},[44,19101,19102,19104,19106,19108],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,19103,95],{"class":94},[44,19105,98],{"class":80},[44,19107,18434],{"class":84},[44,19109,104],{"class":80},[35,19111,19113],{"className":37,"code":19112,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19114,19115],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19116,19117,19119,19121,19123,19125,19127,19129,19131,19133,19135,19137,19139,19141,19143,19145,19147,19149,19151],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19118,95],{"class":94},[44,19120,98],{"class":80},[44,19122,2880],{"class":1461},[44,19124,98],{"class":80},[44,19126,8480],{"class":1461},[44,19128,81],{"class":80},[44,19130,16948],{"class":84},[44,19132,2640],{"class":80},[44,19134,2643],{"class":1675},[44,19136,2646],{"class":80},[44,19138,2649],{"class":1675},[44,19140,2646],{"class":80},[44,19142,2104],{"class":1675},[44,19144,17728],{"class":80},[44,19146,59],{"class":58},[44,19148,2126],{"class":62},[44,19150,362],{"class":58},[44,19152,2567],{"class":80},[30,19154,1478],{"id":1477},[267,19156,1482,19158,19160],{"id":19157},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19159,16883],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19162,19163],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[267,19165,19167],{"id":19166},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19169,19170,19171,81],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19172,3439],{},[267,19174,19176],{"id":19175},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19178,19179],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[267,19181,19183],{"id":19182},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19185,17818],{},[35,19187,19189],{"className":37,"code":19188,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19190,19191,19223],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19192,19193,19195,19197,19199,19201,19203,19205,19207,19209,19211,19213,19215,19217,19219,19221],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19194,16907],{"class":50},[44,19196,55],{"class":54},[44,19198,3281],{"class":80},[44,19200,362],{"class":58},[44,19202,243],{"class":62},[44,19204,362],{"class":58},[44,19206,2646],{"class":80},[44,19208,59],{"class":58},[44,19210,842],{"class":62},[44,19212,362],{"class":58},[44,19214,2646],{"class":80},[44,19216,59],{"class":58},[44,19218,846],{"class":62},[44,19220,362],{"class":58},[44,19222,3294],{"class":80},[44,19224,19225,19227,19229,19231,19233,19235,19237,19239,19241,19243,19245],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,19226,8825],{"class":50},[44,19228,55],{"class":54},[44,19230,10151],{"class":80},[44,19232,14504],{"class":50},[44,19234,2539],{"class":80},[44,19236,17870],{"class":80},[44,19238,3538],{"class":524},[44,19240,17875],{"class":50},[44,19242,3544],{"class":524},[44,19244,17880],{"class":50},[44,19246,8969],{"class":80},[30,19248,1545],{"id":1544},[139,19250,19251,19255,19259,19263,19269],{},[142,19252,19253],{},[243,19254,10903],{"href":12689},[142,19256,19257],{},[243,19258,8815],{"href":12686},[142,19260,19261],{},[243,19262,10912],{"href":17569},[142,19264,19265],{},[243,19266,10397,19267,1555],{"href":13696},[15,19268,14617],{},[142,19270,19271],{},[243,19272,10397,19273,1555],{"href":14662},[15,19274,12439],{},[20,19276,119,19277,19279],{},[15,19278,16888],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1577,19281,19282],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":19284},[19285,19286,19288,19292,19293,19295,19300,19302,19309,19318,19319,19326],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":16988,"depth":69,"text":19287},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17032,"depth":69,"text":17033,"children":19289},[19290,19291],{"id":17059,"depth":91,"text":17060},{"id":17083,"depth":91,"text":17084},{"id":5451,"depth":69,"text":5452},{"id":17244,"depth":69,"text":19294},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17573,"depth":69,"text":17574,"children":19296},[19297,19298,19299],{"id":17603,"depth":91,"text":17604},{"id":17766,"depth":91,"text":17767},{"id":17814,"depth":91,"text":17815},{"id":17978,"depth":69,"text":19301},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18136,"depth":69,"text":19303,"children":19304},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19305,19307,19308],{"id":18147,"depth":91,"text":19306},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18212,"depth":91,"text":18213},{"id":18286,"depth":91,"text":18287},{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238,"children":19310},[19311,19312,19314,19316],{"id":18390,"depth":91,"text":18391},{"id":18573,"depth":91,"text":19313},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":18707,"depth":91,"text":19315},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":18860,"depth":91,"text":19317},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":18951,"depth":69,"text":18952},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":19320},[19321,19323,19324,19325],{"id":19157,"depth":91,"text":19322},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19166,"depth":91,"text":19167},{"id":19175,"depth":91,"text":19176},{"id":19182,"depth":91,"text":19183},{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":16875,"description":19327},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19334,"title":19335,"body":19336,"description":21166,"extension":1611,"meta":21167,"navigation":184,"path":21168,"seo":21169,"stem":21170,"__hash__":21171},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19337,"toc":21133},[19338,19343,19349,19360,19490,19497,19502,19506,19522,19524,19622,19625,19642,19646,19648,19653,19691,19694,19712,19714,19832,19837,19841,19857,19860,19996,19999,20004,20010,20013,20050,20053,20057,20062,20138,20142,20147,20229,20231,20247,20252,20256,20262,20331,20334,20351,20354,20436,20442,20445,20465,20469,20474,20480,20486,20557,20560,20566,20569,20643,20650,20656,20664,20674,20676,20771,20777,20782,20869,20875,20877,20882,20904,20907,21002,21005,21036,21049,21051,21059,21065,21071,21074,21080,21085,21092,21097,21099,21130],[10,19339,10979,19341,18],{"id":19340},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19342,10400],{},[20,19344,19345,19346,19348],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19347,10400],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19350,19351,19352,839,19355,2049,19357,19359],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19353,19354],{},"KeyError",[15,19356,10400],{},[15,19358,3439],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[35,19361,19363],{"className":37,"code":19362,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19364,19365,19401,19405,19431,19456],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19366,19367,19369,19371,19373,19375,19377,19379,19381,19383,19385,19387,19389,19391,19393,19395,19397,19399],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19368,12867],{"class":50},[44,19370,55],{"class":54},[44,19372,10151],{"class":80},[44,19374,362],{"class":58},[44,19376,302],{"class":62},[44,19378,362],{"class":58},[44,19380,2539],{"class":80},[44,19382,59],{"class":58},[44,19384,12543],{"class":62},[44,19386,362],{"class":58},[44,19388,2646],{"class":80},[44,19390,59],{"class":58},[44,19392,8959],{"class":62},[44,19394,362],{"class":58},[44,19396,2539],{"class":80},[44,19398,8966],{"class":1675},[44,19400,8969],{"class":80},[44,19402,19403],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,19404,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,19406,19407,19409,19411,19413,19415,19418,19420,19422,19424,19426,19428],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,19408,95],{"class":94},[44,19410,98],{"class":80},[44,19412,16972],{"class":84},[44,19414,81],{"class":80},[44,19416,19417],{"class":84},"get",[44,19419,98],{"class":80},[44,19421,362],{"class":58},[44,19423,302],{"class":62},[44,19425,362],{"class":58},[44,19427,5025],{"class":80},[44,19429,19430],{"class":3324},"           # Ana\n",[44,19432,19433,19435,19437,19439,19441,19443,19445,19447,19449,19451,19453],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,19434,95],{"class":94},[44,19436,98],{"class":80},[44,19438,16972],{"class":84},[44,19440,81],{"class":80},[44,19442,19417],{"class":84},[44,19444,98],{"class":80},[44,19446,362],{"class":58},[44,19448,10069],{"class":62},[44,19450,362],{"class":58},[44,19452,5025],{"class":80},[44,19454,19455],{"class":3324},"           # None\n",[44,19457,19458,19460,19462,19464,19466,19468,19470,19472,19474,19476,19478,19480,19483,19485,19487],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,19459,95],{"class":94},[44,19461,98],{"class":80},[44,19463,16972],{"class":84},[44,19465,81],{"class":80},[44,19467,19417],{"class":84},[44,19469,98],{"class":80},[44,19471,362],{"class":58},[44,19473,10069],{"class":62},[44,19475,362],{"class":58},[44,19477,2646],{"class":80},[44,19479,59],{"class":58},[44,19481,19482],{"class":62},"N\u002FA",[44,19484,362],{"class":58},[44,19486,5025],{"class":80},[44,19488,19489],{"class":3324},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19491,119,19492,19494,19495,81],{},[15,19493,10400],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19496,19354],{},[30,19498,126,19500,129],{"id":19499},"what-get-does",[15,19501,10400],{},[20,19503,1628,19504,11073],{},[15,19505,10400],{},[139,19507,19508,19511,19516,19519],{},[142,19509,19510],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[142,19512,11084,19513,19515],{},[15,19514,3439],{}," if the key does not exist",[142,19517,19518],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[142,19520,19521],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19523,161],{},[35,19525,19527],{"className":37,"code":19526,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19528,19529,19568,19572,19597],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19530,19531,19533,19535,19537,19539,19541,19543,19545,19547,19550,19552,19554,19556,19559,19561,19563,19566],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19532,12526],{"class":50},[44,19534,55],{"class":54},[44,19536,10151],{"class":80},[44,19538,362],{"class":58},[44,19540,302],{"class":62},[44,19542,362],{"class":58},[44,19544,2539],{"class":80},[44,19546,59],{"class":58},[44,19548,19549],{"class":62},"Lina",[44,19551,362],{"class":58},[44,19553,2646],{"class":80},[44,19555,59],{"class":58},[44,19557,19558],{"class":62},"grade",[44,19560,362],{"class":58},[44,19562,2539],{"class":80},[44,19564,19565],{"class":1675}," 90",[44,19567,8969],{"class":80},[44,19569,19570],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,19571,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,19573,19574,19576,19578,19580,19582,19584,19586,19588,19590,19592,19594],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,19575,95],{"class":94},[44,19577,98],{"class":80},[44,19579,13289],{"class":84},[44,19581,81],{"class":80},[44,19583,19417],{"class":84},[44,19585,98],{"class":80},[44,19587,362],{"class":58},[44,19589,302],{"class":62},[44,19591,362],{"class":58},[44,19593,5025],{"class":80},[44,19595,19596],{"class":3324},"     # Lina\n",[44,19598,19599,19601,19603,19605,19607,19609,19611,19613,19615,19617,19619],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,19600,95],{"class":94},[44,19602,98],{"class":80},[44,19604,13289],{"class":84},[44,19606,81],{"class":80},[44,19608,19417],{"class":84},[44,19610,98],{"class":80},[44,19612,362],{"class":58},[44,19614,14922],{"class":62},[44,19616,362],{"class":58},[44,19618,5025],{"class":80},[44,19620,19621],{"class":3324},"    # None\n",[20,19623,19624],{},"In this example:",[139,19626,19627,19632],{},[142,19628,19629,19631],{},[15,19630,14903],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[142,19633,19634,19637,19638,2049,19640],{},[15,19635,19636],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,19639,10400],{},[15,19641,3439],{},[20,19643,12683,19644,81],{},[243,19645,8815],{"href":8814},[30,19647,250],{"id":249},[20,19649,19650,19651,2539],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,19652,10400],{},[35,19654,19656],{"className":37,"code":19655,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,19657,19658,19672],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19659,19660,19662,19664,19666,19668,19670],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19661,15268],{"class":50},[44,19663,81],{"class":80},[44,19665,19417],{"class":84},[44,19667,98],{"class":80},[44,19669,14504],{"class":84},[44,19671,104],{"class":80},[44,19673,19674,19676,19678,19680,19682,19684,19686,19689],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,19675,15268],{"class":50},[44,19677,81],{"class":80},[44,19679,19417],{"class":84},[44,19681,98],{"class":80},[44,19683,14504],{"class":84},[44,19685,2646],{"class":80},[44,19687,19688],{"class":84}," default_value",[44,19690,104],{"class":80},[20,19692,19693],{},"What each part means:",[139,19695,19696,19701,19707],{},[142,19697,19698,19700],{},[15,19699,14504],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[142,19702,19703,19706],{},[15,19704,19705],{},"default_value"," is optional",[142,19708,19709,19710],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,19711,3439],{},[20,19713,161],{},[35,19715,19717],{"className":37,"code":19716,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,19718,19719,19743,19747,19772,19798],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19720,19721,19723,19725,19727,19729,19731,19733,19735,19737,19739,19741],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19722,13489],{"class":50},[44,19724,55],{"class":54},[44,19726,10151],{"class":80},[44,19728,362],{"class":58},[44,19730,12157],{"class":62},[44,19732,362],{"class":58},[44,19734,2539],{"class":80},[44,19736,59],{"class":58},[44,19738,12166],{"class":62},[44,19740,362],{"class":58},[44,19742,8969],{"class":80},[44,19744,19745],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,19746,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,19748,19749,19751,19753,19755,19757,19759,19761,19763,19765,19767,19769],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,19750,95],{"class":94},[44,19752,98],{"class":80},[44,19754,13548],{"class":84},[44,19756,81],{"class":80},[44,19758,19417],{"class":84},[44,19760,98],{"class":80},[44,19762,362],{"class":58},[44,19764,12157],{"class":62},[44,19766,362],{"class":58},[44,19768,5025],{"class":80},[44,19770,19771],{"class":3324},"            # dark\n",[44,19773,19774,19776,19778,19780,19782,19784,19786,19788,19791,19793,19795],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,19775,95],{"class":94},[44,19777,98],{"class":80},[44,19779,13548],{"class":84},[44,19781,81],{"class":80},[44,19783,19417],{"class":84},[44,19785,98],{"class":80},[44,19787,362],{"class":58},[44,19789,19790],{"class":62},"language",[44,19792,362],{"class":58},[44,19794,5025],{"class":80},[44,19796,19797],{"class":3324},"         # None\n",[44,19799,19800,19802,19804,19806,19808,19810,19812,19814,19816,19818,19820,19822,19825,19827,19829],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,19801,95],{"class":94},[44,19803,98],{"class":80},[44,19805,13548],{"class":84},[44,19807,81],{"class":80},[44,19809,19417],{"class":84},[44,19811,98],{"class":80},[44,19813,362],{"class":58},[44,19815,19790],{"class":62},[44,19817,362],{"class":58},[44,19819,2646],{"class":80},[44,19821,59],{"class":58},[44,19823,19824],{"class":62},"en",[44,19826,362],{"class":58},[44,19828,5025],{"class":80},[44,19830,19831],{"class":3324},"   # en\n",[30,19833,1133,19835],{"id":19834},"when-to-use-get",[15,19836,10400],{},[20,19838,119,19839,10261],{},[15,19840,10400],{},[139,19842,19843,19846,19851,19854],{},[142,19844,19845],{},"A key might not exist",[142,19847,19848,19849],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,19850,19354],{},[142,19852,19853],{},"You are reading optional data",[142,19855,19856],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,19858,19859],{},"Example with optional user data:",[35,19861,19863],{"className":37,"code":19862,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,19864,19865,19907,19911,19936,19962],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19866,19867,19869,19871,19873,19875,19877,19879,19881,19883,19886,19888,19890,19892,19894,19896,19898,19900,19903,19905],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19868,11149],{"class":50},[44,19870,55],{"class":54},[44,19872,10151],{"class":80},[44,19874,362],{"class":58},[44,19876,7646],{"class":62},[44,19878,362],{"class":58},[44,19880,2539],{"class":80},[44,19882,59],{"class":58},[44,19884,19885],{"class":62},"sam",[44,19887,362],{"class":58},[44,19889,2646],{"class":80},[44,19891,59],{"class":58},[44,19893,14922],{"class":62},[44,19895,362],{"class":58},[44,19897,2539],{"class":80},[44,19899,59],{"class":58},[44,19901,19902],{"class":62},"sam@example.com",[44,19904,362],{"class":58},[44,19906,8969],{"class":80},[44,19908,19909],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,19910,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,19912,19913,19915,19917,19919,19921,19923,19925,19927,19929,19931,19933],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,19914,95],{"class":94},[44,19916,98],{"class":80},[44,19918,11243],{"class":84},[44,19920,81],{"class":80},[44,19922,19417],{"class":84},[44,19924,98],{"class":80},[44,19926,362],{"class":58},[44,19928,7646],{"class":62},[44,19930,362],{"class":58},[44,19932,5025],{"class":80},[44,19934,19935],{"class":3324},"              # sam\n",[44,19937,19938,19940,19942,19944,19946,19948,19950,19952,19955,19957,19959],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,19939,95],{"class":94},[44,19941,98],{"class":80},[44,19943,11243],{"class":84},[44,19945,81],{"class":80},[44,19947,19417],{"class":84},[44,19949,98],{"class":80},[44,19951,362],{"class":58},[44,19953,19954],{"class":62},"phone",[44,19956,362],{"class":58},[44,19958,5025],{"class":80},[44,19960,19961],{"class":3324},"                 # None\n",[44,19963,19964,19966,19968,19970,19972,19974,19976,19978,19980,19982,19984,19986,19989,19991,19993],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,19965,95],{"class":94},[44,19967,98],{"class":80},[44,19969,11243],{"class":84},[44,19971,81],{"class":80},[44,19973,19417],{"class":84},[44,19975,98],{"class":80},[44,19977,362],{"class":58},[44,19979,19954],{"class":62},[44,19981,362],{"class":58},[44,19983,2646],{"class":80},[44,19985,59],{"class":58},[44,19987,19988],{"class":62},"Not provided",[44,19990,362],{"class":58},[44,19992,5025],{"class":80},[44,19994,19995],{"class":3324}," # Not provided\n",[20,19997,19998],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20000,20001,20002,81],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[243,20003,16262],{"href":16261},[30,20005,20007,20009],{"id":20006},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20008,10400],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20011,20012],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[35,20014,20016],{"className":37,"code":20015,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20017,20018,20032],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20019,20020,20022,20024,20026,20028,20030],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20021,8864],{"class":50},[44,20023,3561],{"class":80},[44,20025,362],{"class":58},[44,20027,14504],{"class":62},[44,20029,362],{"class":58},[44,20031,3294],{"class":80},[44,20033,20034,20036,20038,20040,20042,20044,20046,20048],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,20035,8864],{"class":50},[44,20037,81],{"class":80},[44,20039,19417],{"class":84},[44,20041,98],{"class":80},[44,20043,362],{"class":58},[44,20045,14504],{"class":62},[44,20047,362],{"class":58},[44,20049,104],{"class":80},[20,20051,20052],{},"The difference is important.",[267,20054,20056],{"id":20055},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20058,20059,20060,81],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20061,19354],{},[35,20063,20065],{"className":37,"code":20064,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20066,20067,20091,20095,20117],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20068,20069,20071,20073,20075,20077,20079,20081,20083,20085,20087,20089],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20070,8825],{"class":50},[44,20072,55],{"class":54},[44,20074,10151],{"class":80},[44,20076,362],{"class":58},[44,20078,302],{"class":62},[44,20080,362],{"class":58},[44,20082,2539],{"class":80},[44,20084,59],{"class":58},[44,20086,12543],{"class":62},[44,20088,362],{"class":58},[44,20090,8969],{"class":80},[44,20092,20093],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,20094,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,20096,20097,20099,20101,20103,20105,20107,20109,20111,20114],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,20098,95],{"class":94},[44,20100,98],{"class":80},[44,20102,8864],{"class":84},[44,20104,3561],{"class":80},[44,20106,362],{"class":58},[44,20108,302],{"class":62},[44,20110,362],{"class":58},[44,20112,20113],{"class":80},"])",[44,20115,20116],{"class":3324},"   # Ana\n",[44,20118,20119,20121,20123,20125,20127,20129,20131,20133,20135],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,20120,95],{"class":94},[44,20122,98],{"class":80},[44,20124,8864],{"class":84},[44,20126,3561],{"class":80},[44,20128,362],{"class":58},[44,20130,10069],{"class":62},[44,20132,362],{"class":58},[44,20134,20113],{"class":80},[44,20136,20137],{"class":3324},"   # KeyError\n",[267,20139,20140],{"id":19417},[15,20141,10400],{},[20,20143,20144,20146],{},[15,20145,10400],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[35,20148,20150],{"className":37,"code":20149,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20151,20152,20176,20180,20204],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20153,20154,20156,20158,20160,20162,20164,20166,20168,20170,20172,20174],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20155,8825],{"class":50},[44,20157,55],{"class":54},[44,20159,10151],{"class":80},[44,20161,362],{"class":58},[44,20163,302],{"class":62},[44,20165,362],{"class":58},[44,20167,2539],{"class":80},[44,20169,59],{"class":58},[44,20171,12543],{"class":62},[44,20173,362],{"class":58},[44,20175,8969],{"class":80},[44,20177,20178],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,20179,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,20181,20182,20184,20186,20188,20190,20192,20194,20196,20198,20200,20202],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,20183,95],{"class":94},[44,20185,98],{"class":80},[44,20187,8864],{"class":84},[44,20189,81],{"class":80},[44,20191,19417],{"class":84},[44,20193,98],{"class":80},[44,20195,362],{"class":58},[44,20197,302],{"class":62},[44,20199,362],{"class":58},[44,20201,5025],{"class":80},[44,20203,20116],{"class":3324},[44,20205,20206,20208,20210,20212,20214,20216,20218,20220,20222,20224,20226],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,20207,95],{"class":94},[44,20209,98],{"class":80},[44,20211,8864],{"class":84},[44,20213,81],{"class":80},[44,20215,19417],{"class":84},[44,20217,98],{"class":80},[44,20219,362],{"class":58},[44,20221,10069],{"class":62},[44,20223,362],{"class":58},[44,20225,5025],{"class":80},[44,20227,20228],{"class":3324},"   # None\n",[20,20230,18361],{},[139,20232,20233,20239],{},[142,20234,20235,20236],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[830,20237,20238],{},"must exist",[142,20240,20241,20243,20244],{},[15,20242,10400],{}," when the key is ",[830,20245,20246],{},"optional",[20,20248,20249,20250,81],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[243,20251,10923],{"href":10734},[30,20253,20255],{"id":20254},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20257,20258,20259,20261],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20260,10400],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[35,20263,20265],{"className":37,"code":20264,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20266,20267,20292,20296],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20268,20269,20272,20274,20276,20278,20280,20282,20284,20286,20288,20290],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20270,20271],{"class":50},"profile ",[44,20273,55],{"class":54},[44,20275,10151],{"class":80},[44,20277,362],{"class":58},[44,20279,302],{"class":62},[44,20281,362],{"class":58},[44,20283,2539],{"class":80},[44,20285,59],{"class":58},[44,20287,7583],{"class":62},[44,20289,362],{"class":58},[44,20291,8969],{"class":80},[44,20293,20294],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,20295,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,20297,20298,20300,20302,20305,20307,20309,20311,20313,20315,20317,20319,20321,20324,20326,20328],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,20299,95],{"class":94},[44,20301,98],{"class":80},[44,20303,20304],{"class":84},"profile",[44,20306,81],{"class":80},[44,20308,19417],{"class":84},[44,20310,98],{"class":80},[44,20312,362],{"class":58},[44,20314,14925],{"class":62},[44,20316,362],{"class":58},[44,20318,2646],{"class":80},[44,20320,59],{"class":58},[44,20322,20323],{"class":62},"Unknown",[44,20325,362],{"class":58},[44,20327,5025],{"class":80},[44,20329,20330],{"class":3324},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20332,20333],{},"This is useful for display text:",[139,20335,20336,20341,20346],{},[142,20337,20338],{},[15,20339,20340],{},"\"Unknown\"",[142,20342,20343],{},[15,20344,20345],{},"\"Not set\"",[142,20347,20348],{},[15,20349,20350],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20352,20353],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[35,20355,20357],{"className":37,"code":20356,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20358,20359,20391,20395,20422],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20360,20361,20363,20365,20367,20369,20371,20373,20375,20377,20379,20381,20383,20385,20387,20389],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20362,4726],{"class":50},[44,20364,55],{"class":54},[44,20366,10151],{"class":80},[44,20368,362],{"class":58},[44,20370,18083],{"class":62},[44,20372,362],{"class":58},[44,20374,2539],{"class":80},[44,20376,5670],{"class":1675},[44,20378,2646],{"class":80},[44,20380,59],{"class":58},[44,20382,18092],{"class":62},[44,20384,362],{"class":58},[44,20386,2539],{"class":80},[44,20388,6024],{"class":1675},[44,20390,8969],{"class":80},[44,20392,20393],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,20394,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,20396,20397,20400,20402,20404,20406,20408,20410,20412,20414,20416,20418,20420],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,20398,20399],{"class":50},"total_history ",[44,20401,55],{"class":54},[44,20403,4773],{"class":50},[44,20405,81],{"class":80},[44,20407,19417],{"class":84},[44,20409,98],{"class":80},[44,20411,362],{"class":58},[44,20413,18101],{"class":62},[44,20415,362],{"class":58},[44,20417,2646],{"class":80},[44,20419,3495],{"class":1675},[44,20421,104],{"class":80},[44,20423,20424,20426,20428,20431,20433],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,20425,95],{"class":94},[44,20427,98],{"class":80},[44,20429,20430],{"class":84},"total_history",[44,20432,3321],{"class":80},[44,20434,20435],{"class":3324},"   # 0\n",[20,20437,20438,20439,20441],{},"Here, ",[15,20440,1772],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20443,20444],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[139,20446,20447,20450,20455,20460],{},[142,20448,20449],{},"Use a string for text",[142,20451,119,20452,20454],{},[15,20453,1772],{}," for numbers",[142,20456,119,20457,20459],{},[15,20458,3448],{}," for lists if needed",[142,20461,119,20462,20464],{},[15,20463,3453],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[30,20466,20468],{"id":20467},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20470,20471,20472,81],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20473,10400],{},[267,20475,20477,20479],{"id":20476},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20478,10400],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20481,20482,20483,20485],{},"This code does ",[830,20484,832],{}," create a new key:",[35,20487,20489],{"className":37,"code":20488,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20490,20491,20515,20519,20544],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20492,20493,20495,20497,20499,20501,20503,20505,20507,20509,20511,20513],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20494,12867],{"class":50},[44,20496,55],{"class":54},[44,20498,10151],{"class":80},[44,20500,362],{"class":58},[44,20502,302],{"class":62},[44,20504,362],{"class":58},[44,20506,2539],{"class":80},[44,20508,59],{"class":58},[44,20510,12543],{"class":62},[44,20512,362],{"class":58},[44,20514,8969],{"class":80},[44,20516,20517],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,20518,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,20520,20521,20523,20525,20527,20529,20531,20533,20535,20537,20539,20541],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,20522,95],{"class":94},[44,20524,98],{"class":80},[44,20526,16972],{"class":84},[44,20528,81],{"class":80},[44,20530,19417],{"class":84},[44,20532,98],{"class":80},[44,20534,362],{"class":58},[44,20536,10069],{"class":62},[44,20538,362],{"class":58},[44,20540,5025],{"class":80},[44,20542,20543],{"class":3324},"  # None\n",[44,20545,20546,20548,20550,20552,20554],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,20547,95],{"class":94},[44,20549,98],{"class":80},[44,20551,16972],{"class":84},[44,20553,3321],{"class":80},[44,20555,20556],{"class":3324},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,20558,20559],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[267,20561,20563,20565],{"id":20562},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,20564,10400],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,20567,20568],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[35,20570,20572],{"className":37,"code":20571,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,20573,20574,20600,20604,20630],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20575,20576,20578,20580,20582,20584,20587,20589,20591,20593,20596,20598],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20577,13489],{"class":50},[44,20579,55],{"class":54},[44,20581,10151],{"class":80},[44,20583,362],{"class":58},[44,20585,20586],{"class":62},"mode",[44,20588,362],{"class":58},[44,20590,2539],{"class":80},[44,20592,59],{"class":58},[44,20594,20595],{"class":62},"light",[44,20597,362],{"class":58},[44,20599,8969],{"class":80},[44,20601,20602],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,20603,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,20605,20606,20608,20610,20612,20614,20616,20618,20620,20622,20624,20626,20628],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,20607,13548],{"class":50},[44,20609,81],{"class":80},[44,20611,19417],{"class":84},[44,20613,98],{"class":80},[44,20615,362],{"class":58},[44,20617,12157],{"class":62},[44,20619,362],{"class":58},[44,20621,2646],{"class":80},[44,20623,59],{"class":58},[44,20625,12166],{"class":62},[44,20627,362],{"class":58},[44,20629,104],{"class":80},[44,20631,20632,20634,20636,20638,20640],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,20633,95],{"class":94},[44,20635,98],{"class":80},[44,20637,13548],{"class":84},[44,20639,3321],{"class":80},[44,20641,20642],{"class":3324},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,20644,20645,20646,20649],{},"Even though ",[15,20647,20648],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[267,20651,20653,20654],{"id":20652},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,20655,3439],{},[20,20657,20658,20659,2049,20661,20663],{},"Sometimes ",[15,20660,10400],{},[15,20662,3439],{}," because:",[139,20665,20666,20669],{},[142,20667,20668],{},"The key is missing, or",[142,20670,20671,20672],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,20673,3439],{},[20,20675,161],{},[35,20677,20679],{"className":37,"code":20678,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,20680,20681,20718,20722,20746],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20682,20683,20685,20687,20689,20691,20693,20695,20697,20699,20701,20703,20705,20707,20710,20712,20714,20716],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20684,8825],{"class":50},[44,20686,55],{"class":54},[44,20688,10151],{"class":80},[44,20690,362],{"class":58},[44,20692,302],{"class":62},[44,20694,362],{"class":58},[44,20696,2539],{"class":80},[44,20698,59],{"class":58},[44,20700,12543],{"class":62},[44,20702,362],{"class":58},[44,20704,2646],{"class":80},[44,20706,59],{"class":58},[44,20708,20709],{"class":62},"nickname",[44,20711,362],{"class":58},[44,20713,2539],{"class":80},[44,20715,3514],{"class":3513},[44,20717,8969],{"class":80},[44,20719,20720],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,20721,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,20723,20724,20726,20728,20730,20732,20734,20736,20738,20740,20742,20744],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,20725,95],{"class":94},[44,20727,98],{"class":80},[44,20729,8864],{"class":84},[44,20731,81],{"class":80},[44,20733,19417],{"class":84},[44,20735,98],{"class":80},[44,20737,362],{"class":58},[44,20739,20709],{"class":62},[44,20741,362],{"class":58},[44,20743,5025],{"class":80},[44,20745,20543],{"class":3324},[44,20747,20748,20750,20752,20754,20756,20758,20760,20762,20764,20766,20768],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,20749,95],{"class":94},[44,20751,98],{"class":80},[44,20753,8864],{"class":84},[44,20755,81],{"class":80},[44,20757,19417],{"class":84},[44,20759,98],{"class":80},[44,20761,362],{"class":58},[44,20763,10069],{"class":62},[44,20765,362],{"class":58},[44,20767,5025],{"class":80},[44,20769,20770],{"class":3324},"      # None\n",[20,20772,20773,20774,20776],{},"Both lines print ",[15,20775,3439],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,20778,20779,20780,2539],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,20781,3544],{},[35,20783,20785],{"className":37,"code":20784,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,20786,20787,20823,20827,20848],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20788,20789,20791,20793,20795,20797,20799,20801,20803,20805,20807,20809,20811,20813,20815,20817,20819,20821],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20790,8825],{"class":50},[44,20792,55],{"class":54},[44,20794,10151],{"class":80},[44,20796,362],{"class":58},[44,20798,302],{"class":62},[44,20800,362],{"class":58},[44,20802,2539],{"class":80},[44,20804,59],{"class":58},[44,20806,12543],{"class":62},[44,20808,362],{"class":58},[44,20810,2646],{"class":80},[44,20812,59],{"class":58},[44,20814,20709],{"class":62},[44,20816,362],{"class":58},[44,20818,2539],{"class":80},[44,20820,3514],{"class":3513},[44,20822,8969],{"class":80},[44,20824,20825],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,20826,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,20828,20829,20831,20833,20835,20837,20839,20842,20844,20846],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,20830,95],{"class":94},[44,20832,98],{"class":80},[44,20834,362],{"class":58},[44,20836,20709],{"class":62},[44,20838,362],{"class":58},[44,20840,20841],{"class":524}," in",[44,20843,14229],{"class":84},[44,20845,3321],{"class":80},[44,20847,3325],{"class":3324},[44,20849,20850,20852,20854,20856,20858,20860,20862,20864,20866],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,20851,95],{"class":94},[44,20853,98],{"class":80},[44,20855,362],{"class":58},[44,20857,10069],{"class":62},[44,20859,362],{"class":58},[44,20861,20841],{"class":524},[44,20863,14229],{"class":84},[44,20865,3321],{"class":80},[44,20867,20868],{"class":3324},"      # False\n",[20,20870,20871,20872,81],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[243,20873,20874],{"href":16818},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[30,20876,1238],{"id":1237},[20,20878,20879,20880,2539],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,20881,10400],{},[139,20883,20884,20889,20896,20901],{},[142,20885,20886,20887],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,20888,19354],{},[142,20890,1262,20891,2049,20893,20895],{},[15,20892,10400],{},[15,20894,3439],{}," if no default is provided",[142,20897,4244,20898,20900],{},[15,20899,10400],{}," creates a key automatically",[142,20902,20903],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,20905,20906],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[35,20908,20910],{"className":37,"code":20909,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,20911,20912,20922,20936,20954,20976],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20913,20914,20916,20918,20920],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20915,95],{"class":94},[44,20917,98],{"class":80},[44,20919,11110],{"class":84},[44,20921,104],{"class":80},[44,20923,20924,20926,20928,20930,20932,20934],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,20925,95],{"class":94},[44,20927,98],{"class":80},[44,20929,11110],{"class":84},[44,20931,81],{"class":80},[44,20933,16588],{"class":84},[44,20935,201],{"class":80},[44,20937,20938,20940,20942,20944,20946,20948,20950,20952],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,20939,95],{"class":94},[44,20941,98],{"class":80},[44,20943,655],{"class":58},[44,20945,302],{"class":62},[44,20947,655],{"class":58},[44,20949,20841],{"class":524},[44,20951,11428],{"class":84},[44,20953,104],{"class":80},[44,20955,20956,20958,20960,20962,20964,20966,20968,20970,20972,20974],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,20957,95],{"class":94},[44,20959,98],{"class":80},[44,20961,11110],{"class":84},[44,20963,81],{"class":80},[44,20965,19417],{"class":84},[44,20967,98],{"class":80},[44,20969,655],{"class":58},[44,20971,302],{"class":62},[44,20973,655],{"class":58},[44,20975,370],{"class":80},[44,20977,20978,20980,20982,20984,20986,20988,20990,20992,20994,20996,20998,21000],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,20979,95],{"class":94},[44,20981,98],{"class":80},[44,20983,2880],{"class":1461},[44,20985,98],{"class":80},[44,20987,11110],{"class":84},[44,20989,81],{"class":80},[44,20991,19417],{"class":84},[44,20993,98],{"class":80},[44,20995,655],{"class":58},[44,20997,302],{"class":62},[44,20999,655],{"class":58},[44,21001,2567],{"class":80},[20,21003,21004],{},"What these checks tell you:",[139,21006,21007,21012,21018,21024,21030],{},[142,21008,21009,21011],{},[15,21010,12342],{}," shows the full dictionary",[142,21013,21014,21017],{},[15,21015,21016],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[142,21019,21020,21023],{},[15,21021,21022],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[142,21025,21026,21029],{},[15,21027,21028],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[142,21031,21032,21035],{},[15,21033,21034],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21037,21038,21039,4057,21044,21048],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[243,21040,21041,21042,1555],{"href":16727},"the dictionary ",[15,21043,16730],{},[243,21045,21041,21046,1555],{"href":16740},[15,21047,16743],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[30,21050,1478],{"id":1477},[267,21052,1482,21054,21056,21057,1520],{"id":21053},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21055,10400],{}," raise ",[15,21058,19354],{},[20,21060,21061,21062,21064],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21063,3439],{}," or the default value you provide.",[267,21066,1482,21068,21070],{"id":21067},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21069,10400],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21072,21073],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[267,21075,21077,21078,1520],{"id":21076},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21079,10400],{},[20,21081,21082,21084],{},[15,21083,3439],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[267,21086,21088,21089,21091],{"id":21087},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21090,10400],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21093,119,21094,21096],{},[15,21095,10400],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[30,21098,1545],{"id":1544},[139,21100,21101,21105,21111,21117,21121,21126],{},[142,21102,21103],{},[243,21104,8815],{"href":8814},[142,21106,21107],{},[243,21108,10397,21109,1555],{"href":16727},[15,21110,16730],{},[142,21112,21113],{},[243,21114,10397,21115,1555],{"href":16740},[15,21116,16743],{},[142,21118,21119],{},[243,21120,16819],{"href":16818},[142,21122,21123],{},[243,21124,21125],{"href":16261},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[142,21127,21128],{},[243,21129,10923],{"href":10734},[1577,21131,21132],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":21134},[21135,21137,21138,21140,21145,21146,21154,21155,21165],{"id":19499,"depth":69,"text":21136},"What get() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":19834,"depth":69,"text":21139},"When to use get()",{"id":20006,"depth":69,"text":21141,"children":21142},"get() vs square brackets",[21143,21144],{"id":20055,"depth":91,"text":20056},{"id":19417,"depth":91,"text":10400},{"id":20254,"depth":69,"text":20255},{"id":20467,"depth":69,"text":20468,"children":21147},[21148,21150,21152],{"id":20476,"depth":91,"text":21149},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20562,"depth":91,"text":21151},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20652,"depth":91,"text":21153},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":21156},[21157,21159,21161,21163],{"id":21053,"depth":91,"text":21158},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21067,"depth":91,"text":21160},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21076,"depth":91,"text":21162},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21087,"depth":91,"text":21164},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19335,"description":21166},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21173,"title":21174,"body":21175,"description":23731,"extension":1611,"meta":23732,"navigation":184,"path":23733,"seo":23734,"stem":23735,"__hash__":23736},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21176,"toc":23697},[21177,21182,21188,21194,21196,21277,21281,21298,21303,21308,21313,21315,21329,21331,21394,21398,21438,21446,21448,21450,21465,21468,21481,21483,21562,21566,21632,21634,21638,21646,21648,21659,21661,21771,21775,21854,21860,21866,21871,21984,21988,22020,22023,22130,22136,22143,22147,22150,22253,22257,22318,22321,22324,22335,22344,22347,22364,22366,22465,22469,22544,22547,22570,22575,22580,22597,22599,22720,22724,22758,22760,22765,22772,22782,22784,22862,22865,22936,22946,22949,22981,22984,23023,23029,23036,23039,23130,23134,23215,23221,23224,23227,23332,23335,23338,23460,23464,23467,23534,23538,23575,23581,23583,23589,23594,23600,23607,23613,23616,23655,23661,23664,23666,23694],[10,21178,10979,21180,18],{"id":21179},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21181,16743],{},[20,21183,1628,21184,21187],{},[15,21185,21186],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21189,21190,21191,21193],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21192,16743],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[30,21195,1653],{"id":1652},[35,21197,21199],{"className":37,"code":21198,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21200,21201,21237,21241,21263],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21202,21203,21205,21207,21209,21211,21213,21215,21217,21219,21221,21223,21225,21227,21229,21231,21233,21235],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21204,12867],{"class":50},[44,21206,55],{"class":54},[44,21208,10151],{"class":80},[44,21210,362],{"class":58},[44,21212,302],{"class":62},[44,21214,362],{"class":58},[44,21216,2539],{"class":80},[44,21218,59],{"class":58},[44,21220,12543],{"class":62},[44,21222,362],{"class":58},[44,21224,2646],{"class":80},[44,21226,59],{"class":58},[44,21228,8959],{"class":62},[44,21230,362],{"class":58},[44,21232,2539],{"class":80},[44,21234,8966],{"class":1675},[44,21236,8969],{"class":80},[44,21238,21239],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,21240,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,21242,21243,21245,21248,21250,21253,21255,21257,21259,21261],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,21244,5623],{"class":524},[44,21246,21247],{"class":50}," key",[44,21249,2646],{"class":80},[44,21251,21252],{"class":50}," value ",[44,21254,3544],{"class":524},[44,21256,12910],{"class":50},[44,21258,81],{"class":80},[44,21260,7472],{"class":84},[44,21262,1196],{"class":80},[44,21264,21265,21267,21269,21271,21273,21275],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,21266,553],{"class":94},[44,21268,98],{"class":80},[44,21270,14504],{"class":84},[44,21272,2646],{"class":80},[44,21274,8094],{"class":84},[44,21276,104],{"class":80},[20,21278,21279],{},[830,21280,107],{},[35,21282,21284],{"className":37,"code":21283,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21285,21286,21291],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21287,21288],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21289,21290],{"class":50},"name Ana\n",[44,21292,21293,21296],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,21294,21295],{"class":50},"age ",[44,21297,2363],{"class":1675},[20,21299,119,21300,21302],{},[15,21301,16743],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[30,21304,126,21306,129],{"id":21305},"what-items-does",[15,21307,16743],{},[20,21309,21310,21312],{},[15,21311,16743],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21314,11119],{},[139,21316,21317,21323,21326],{},[142,21318,21319,21320],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21321,21322],{},"(key, value)",[142,21324,21325],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[142,21327,21328],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21330,161],{},[35,21332,21334],{"className":37,"code":21333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21335,21336,21372,21376],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21337,21338,21340,21342,21344,21346,21348,21350,21352,21354,21356,21358,21360,21362,21364,21366,21368,21370],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21339,12867],{"class":50},[44,21341,55],{"class":54},[44,21343,10151],{"class":80},[44,21345,362],{"class":58},[44,21347,302],{"class":62},[44,21349,362],{"class":58},[44,21351,2539],{"class":80},[44,21353,59],{"class":58},[44,21355,12543],{"class":62},[44,21357,362],{"class":58},[44,21359,2646],{"class":80},[44,21361,59],{"class":58},[44,21363,8959],{"class":62},[44,21365,362],{"class":58},[44,21367,2539],{"class":80},[44,21369,8966],{"class":1675},[44,21371,8969],{"class":80},[44,21373,21374],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,21375,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,21377,21378,21380,21382,21384,21386,21388,21390,21392],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,21379,95],{"class":94},[44,21381,98],{"class":80},[44,21383,7754],{"class":1461},[44,21385,98],{"class":80},[44,21387,16972],{"class":84},[44,21389,81],{"class":80},[44,21391,7472],{"class":84},[44,21393,642],{"class":80},[20,21395,21396],{},[830,21397,107],{},[35,21399,21401],{"className":37,"code":21400,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21402,21403],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21404,21405,21408,21410,21412,21414,21416,21418,21420,21422,21424,21426,21428,21430,21432,21434,21436],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21406,21407],{"class":80},"[(",[44,21409,655],{"class":58},[44,21411,302],{"class":62},[44,21413,655],{"class":58},[44,21415,2646],{"class":80},[44,21417,2955],{"class":58},[44,21419,12543],{"class":62},[44,21421,655],{"class":58},[44,21423,8893],{"class":80},[44,21425,8896],{"class":80},[44,21427,655],{"class":58},[44,21429,8959],{"class":62},[44,21431,655],{"class":58},[44,21433,2646],{"class":80},[44,21435,8966],{"class":1675},[44,21437,8909],{"class":80},[20,21439,21440,21441,2532,21443,81],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[243,21442,8815],{"href":12686},[243,21444,14688],{"href":21445},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[30,21447,250],{"id":249},[20,21449,5098],{},[35,21451,21453],{"className":37,"code":21452,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21454,21455],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21456,21457,21459,21461,21463],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21458,11110],{"class":50},[44,21460,81],{"class":80},[44,21462,7472],{"class":84},[44,21464,88],{"class":80},[20,21466,21467],{},"Things to remember:",[139,21469,21470,21475,21478],{},[142,21471,21472,21474],{},[15,21473,16743],{}," does not take any arguments",[142,21476,21477],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[142,21479,21480],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21482,161],{},[35,21484,21486],{"className":37,"code":21485,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21487,21488,21520,21524,21538,21542,21552],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21489,21490,21492,21494,21496,21498,21500,21502,21504,21506,21508,21510,21512,21514,21516,21518],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21491,4726],{"class":50},[44,21493,55],{"class":54},[44,21495,10151],{"class":80},[44,21497,362],{"class":58},[44,21499,4666],{"class":62},[44,21501,362],{"class":58},[44,21503,2539],{"class":80},[44,21505,19565],{"class":1675},[44,21507,2646],{"class":80},[44,21509,59],{"class":58},[44,21511,4675],{"class":62},[44,21513,362],{"class":58},[44,21515,2539],{"class":80},[44,21517,13170],{"class":1675},[44,21519,8969],{"class":80},[44,21521,21522],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,21523,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,21525,21526,21528,21530,21532,21534,21536],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,21527,1880],{"class":50},[44,21529,55],{"class":54},[44,21531,4773],{"class":50},[44,21533,81],{"class":80},[44,21535,7472],{"class":84},[44,21537,88],{"class":80},[44,21539,21540],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,21541,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,21543,21544,21546,21548,21550],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,21545,95],{"class":94},[44,21547,98],{"class":80},[44,21549,1915],{"class":84},[44,21551,104],{"class":80},[44,21553,21554,21556,21558,21560],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,21555,95],{"class":94},[44,21557,98],{"class":80},[44,21559,16053],{"class":84},[44,21561,104],{"class":80},[20,21563,21564],{},[830,21565,107],{},[35,21567,21569],{"className":37,"code":21568,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,21570,21571,21604],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21572,21573,21576,21578,21580,21582,21584,21586,21588,21590,21592,21594,21596,21598,21600,21602],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21574,21575],{"class":84},"dict_items",[44,21577,9318],{"class":80},[44,21579,655],{"class":58},[44,21581,4666],{"class":62},[44,21583,655],{"class":58},[44,21585,2646],{"class":80},[44,21587,19565],{"class":1675},[44,21589,8893],{"class":80},[44,21591,8896],{"class":80},[44,21593,655],{"class":58},[44,21595,4675],{"class":62},[44,21597,655],{"class":58},[44,21599,2646],{"class":80},[44,21601,13170],{"class":1675},[44,21603,10339],{"class":80},[44,21605,21606,21608,21610,21612,21614,21616,21618,21620,21622,21624,21626,21628,21630],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,21607,8938],{"class":80},[44,21609,655],{"class":58},[44,21611,4666],{"class":62},[44,21613,655],{"class":58},[44,21615,2539],{"class":80},[44,21617,19565],{"class":1675},[44,21619,2646],{"class":80},[44,21621,2955],{"class":58},[44,21623,4675],{"class":62},[44,21625,655],{"class":58},[44,21627,2539],{"class":80},[44,21629,13170],{"class":1675},[44,21631,8969],{"class":80},[20,21633,20559],{},[30,21635,21637],{"id":21636},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,21639,21640,21642,21643,21645],{},[15,21641,16743],{}," returns a ",[15,21644,21575],{}," view object.",[20,21647,1759],{},[139,21649,21650,21653,21656],{},[142,21651,21652],{},"You can loop over it",[142,21654,21655],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[142,21657,21658],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,21660,161],{},[35,21662,21664],{"className":37,"code":21663,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,21665,21666,21698,21712,21716,21730,21734,21753,21757],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21667,21668,21670,21672,21674,21676,21678,21680,21682,21684,21686,21688,21690,21692,21694,21696],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21669,8825],{"class":50},[44,21671,55],{"class":54},[44,21673,10151],{"class":80},[44,21675,362],{"class":58},[44,21677,1110],{"class":62},[44,21679,362],{"class":58},[44,21681,2539],{"class":80},[44,21683,5162],{"class":1675},[44,21685,2646],{"class":80},[44,21687,59],{"class":58},[44,21689,11407],{"class":62},[44,21691,362],{"class":58},[44,21693,2539],{"class":80},[44,21695,2649],{"class":1675},[44,21697,8969],{"class":80},[44,21699,21700,21702,21704,21706,21708,21710],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,21701,8875],{"class":50},[44,21703,55],{"class":54},[44,21705,14229],{"class":50},[44,21707,81],{"class":80},[44,21709,7472],{"class":84},[44,21711,88],{"class":80},[44,21713,21714],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,21715,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,21717,21718,21720,21722,21724,21726,21728],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,21719,95],{"class":94},[44,21721,98],{"class":80},[44,21723,7754],{"class":1461},[44,21725,98],{"class":80},[44,21727,8922],{"class":84},[44,21729,370],{"class":80},[44,21731,21732],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,21733,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,21735,21736,21738,21740,21742,21745,21747,21749,21751],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,21737,8864],{"class":50},[44,21739,3561],{"class":80},[44,21741,362],{"class":58},[44,21743,21744],{"class":62},"z",[44,21746,362],{"class":58},[44,21748,12936],{"class":80},[44,21750,12939],{"class":54},[44,21752,2231],{"class":1675},[44,21754,21755],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,21756,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,21758,21759,21761,21763,21765,21767,21769],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,21760,95],{"class":94},[44,21762,98],{"class":80},[44,21764,7754],{"class":1461},[44,21766,98],{"class":80},[44,21768,8922],{"class":84},[44,21770,370],{"class":80},[20,21772,21773],{},[830,21774,107],{},[35,21776,21778],{"className":37,"code":21777,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,21779,21780,21810],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21781,21782,21784,21786,21788,21790,21792,21794,21796,21798,21800,21802,21804,21806,21808],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21783,21407],{"class":80},[44,21785,655],{"class":58},[44,21787,1110],{"class":62},[44,21789,655],{"class":58},[44,21791,2646],{"class":80},[44,21793,5162],{"class":1675},[44,21795,8893],{"class":80},[44,21797,8896],{"class":80},[44,21799,655],{"class":58},[44,21801,11407],{"class":62},[44,21803,655],{"class":58},[44,21805,2646],{"class":80},[44,21807,2649],{"class":1675},[44,21809,8909],{"class":80},[44,21811,21812,21814,21816,21818,21820,21822,21824,21826,21828,21830,21832,21834,21836,21838,21840,21842,21844,21846,21848,21850,21852],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,21813,21407],{"class":80},[44,21815,655],{"class":58},[44,21817,1110],{"class":62},[44,21819,655],{"class":58},[44,21821,2646],{"class":80},[44,21823,5162],{"class":1675},[44,21825,8893],{"class":80},[44,21827,8896],{"class":80},[44,21829,655],{"class":58},[44,21831,11407],{"class":62},[44,21833,655],{"class":58},[44,21835,2646],{"class":80},[44,21837,2649],{"class":1675},[44,21839,8893],{"class":80},[44,21841,8896],{"class":80},[44,21843,655],{"class":58},[44,21845,21744],{"class":62},[44,21847,655],{"class":58},[44,21849,2646],{"class":80},[44,21851,2104],{"class":1675},[44,21853,8909],{"class":80},[20,21855,21856,21857,21859],{},"This happens because ",[15,21858,8922],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[30,21861,21863,21864],{"id":21862},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,21865,16743],{},[20,21867,21868,21869,2539],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,21870,16743],{},[35,21872,21874],{"className":37,"code":21873,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,21875,21876,21929,21933,21953],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21877,21878,21880,21882,21884,21886,21888,21890,21892,21894,21896,21898,21900,21902,21904,21906,21908,21910,21913,21915,21917,21919,21921,21923,21925,21927],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21879,12526],{"class":50},[44,21881,55],{"class":54},[44,21883,10151],{"class":80},[44,21885,362],{"class":58},[44,21887,302],{"class":62},[44,21889,362],{"class":58},[44,21891,2539],{"class":80},[44,21893,59],{"class":58},[44,21895,7583],{"class":62},[44,21897,362],{"class":58},[44,21899,2646],{"class":80},[44,21901,59],{"class":58},[44,21903,19558],{"class":62},[44,21905,362],{"class":58},[44,21907,2539],{"class":80},[44,21909,59],{"class":58},[44,21911,21912],{"class":62},"A",[44,21914,362],{"class":58},[44,21916,2646],{"class":80},[44,21918,59],{"class":58},[44,21920,8959],{"class":62},[44,21922,362],{"class":58},[44,21924,2539],{"class":80},[44,21926,13521],{"class":1675},[44,21928,8969],{"class":80},[44,21930,21931],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,21932,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,21934,21935,21937,21939,21941,21943,21945,21947,21949,21951],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,21936,5623],{"class":524},[44,21938,21247],{"class":50},[44,21940,2646],{"class":80},[44,21942,21252],{"class":50},[44,21944,3544],{"class":524},[44,21946,12569],{"class":50},[44,21948,81],{"class":80},[44,21950,7472],{"class":84},[44,21952,1196],{"class":80},[44,21954,21955,21957,21959,21962,21964,21966,21968,21971,21974,21976,21978,21980,21982],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,21956,553],{"class":94},[44,21958,98],{"class":80},[44,21960,21961],{"class":1717},"f",[44,21963,362],{"class":62},[44,21965,8938],{"class":1675},[44,21967,14504],{"class":84},[44,21969,21970],{"class":1675},"}",[44,21972,21973],{"class":62},": ",[44,21975,8938],{"class":1675},[44,21977,2126],{"class":84},[44,21979,21970],{"class":1675},[44,21981,362],{"class":62},[44,21983,104],{"class":80},[20,21985,21986],{},[830,21987,107],{},[35,21989,21991],{"className":37,"code":21990,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,21992,21993,22002,22011],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21994,21995,21997,21999],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21996,302],{"class":50},[44,21998,2539],{"class":80},[44,22000,22001],{"class":50}," Mia\n",[44,22003,22004,22006,22008],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,22005,19558],{"class":50},[44,22007,2539],{"class":80},[44,22009,22010],{"class":50}," A\n",[44,22012,22013,22015,22017],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,22014,8959],{"class":50},[44,22016,2539],{"class":80},[44,22018,22019],{"class":1675}," 14\n",[20,22021,22022],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[35,22024,22026],{"className":37,"code":22025,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22027,22028,22080,22084,22096],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22029,22030,22032,22034,22036,22038,22040,22042,22044,22046,22048,22050,22052,22054,22056,22058,22060,22062,22064,22066,22068,22070,22072,22074,22076,22078],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22031,12526],{"class":50},[44,22033,55],{"class":54},[44,22035,10151],{"class":80},[44,22037,362],{"class":58},[44,22039,302],{"class":62},[44,22041,362],{"class":58},[44,22043,2539],{"class":80},[44,22045,59],{"class":58},[44,22047,7583],{"class":62},[44,22049,362],{"class":58},[44,22051,2646],{"class":80},[44,22053,59],{"class":58},[44,22055,19558],{"class":62},[44,22057,362],{"class":58},[44,22059,2539],{"class":80},[44,22061,59],{"class":58},[44,22063,21912],{"class":62},[44,22065,362],{"class":58},[44,22067,2646],{"class":80},[44,22069,59],{"class":58},[44,22071,8959],{"class":62},[44,22073,362],{"class":58},[44,22075,2539],{"class":80},[44,22077,13521],{"class":1675},[44,22079,8969],{"class":80},[44,22081,22082],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,22083,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,22085,22086,22088,22090,22092,22094],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,22087,5623],{"class":524},[44,22089,17875],{"class":50},[44,22091,3544],{"class":524},[44,22093,12569],{"class":50},[44,22095,548],{"class":80},[44,22097,22098,22100,22102,22104,22106,22108,22110,22112,22114,22116,22118,22120,22122,22124,22126,22128],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,22099,553],{"class":94},[44,22101,98],{"class":80},[44,22103,21961],{"class":1717},[44,22105,362],{"class":62},[44,22107,8938],{"class":1675},[44,22109,14504],{"class":84},[44,22111,21970],{"class":1675},[44,22113,21973],{"class":62},[44,22115,8938],{"class":1675},[44,22117,13289],{"class":84},[44,22119,3561],{"class":80},[44,22121,14504],{"class":84},[44,22123,12936],{"class":80},[44,22125,21970],{"class":1675},[44,22127,362],{"class":62},[44,22129,104],{"class":80},[20,22131,6174,22132,22135],{},[15,22133,22134],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22137,22138,22139,81],{},"For a full guide, see ",[243,22140,22142],{"href":22141},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[30,22144,22146],{"id":22145},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22148,22149],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[35,22151,22153],{"className":37,"code":22152,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22154,22155,22214,22218,22238,22242],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22156,22157,22159,22161,22163,22165,22167,22169,22171,22173,22175,22177,22179,22181,22183,22185,22187,22189,22192,22194,22196,22198,22201,22203,22205,22207,22210,22212],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22158,12738],{"class":50},[44,22160,55],{"class":54},[44,22162,10151],{"class":80},[44,22164,362],{"class":58},[44,22166,3741],{"class":62},[44,22168,362],{"class":58},[44,22170,2539],{"class":80},[44,22172,59],{"class":58},[44,22174,12755],{"class":62},[44,22176,362],{"class":58},[44,22178,2646],{"class":80},[44,22180,59],{"class":58},[44,22182,3750],{"class":62},[44,22184,362],{"class":58},[44,22186,2539],{"class":80},[44,22188,59],{"class":58},[44,22190,22191],{"class":62},"yellow",[44,22193,362],{"class":58},[44,22195,2646],{"class":80},[44,22197,59],{"class":58},[44,22199,22200],{"class":62},"grape",[44,22202,362],{"class":58},[44,22204,2539],{"class":80},[44,22206,59],{"class":58},[44,22208,22209],{"class":62},"purple",[44,22211,362],{"class":58},[44,22213,8969],{"class":80},[44,22215,22216],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,22217,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,22219,22220,22223,22225,22228,22230,22232,22234,22236],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,22221,22222],{"class":50},"pairs_list ",[44,22224,55],{"class":54},[44,22226,22227],{"class":1461}," list",[44,22229,98],{"class":80},[44,22231,17168],{"class":84},[44,22233,81],{"class":80},[44,22235,7472],{"class":84},[44,22237,201],{"class":80},[44,22239,22240],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,22241,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,22243,22244,22246,22248,22251],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,22245,95],{"class":94},[44,22247,98],{"class":80},[44,22249,22250],{"class":84},"pairs_list",[44,22252,104],{"class":80},[20,22254,22255],{},[830,22256,107],{},[35,22258,22260],{"className":37,"code":22259,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22261,22262],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22263,22264,22266,22268,22270,22272,22274,22276,22278,22280,22282,22284,22286,22288,22290,22292,22294,22296,22298,22300,22302,22304,22306,22308,22310,22312,22314,22316],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22265,21407],{"class":80},[44,22267,655],{"class":58},[44,22269,3741],{"class":62},[44,22271,655],{"class":58},[44,22273,2646],{"class":80},[44,22275,2955],{"class":58},[44,22277,12755],{"class":62},[44,22279,655],{"class":58},[44,22281,8893],{"class":80},[44,22283,8896],{"class":80},[44,22285,655],{"class":58},[44,22287,3750],{"class":62},[44,22289,655],{"class":58},[44,22291,2646],{"class":80},[44,22293,2955],{"class":58},[44,22295,22191],{"class":62},[44,22297,655],{"class":58},[44,22299,8893],{"class":80},[44,22301,8896],{"class":80},[44,22303,655],{"class":58},[44,22305,22200],{"class":62},[44,22307,655],{"class":58},[44,22309,2646],{"class":80},[44,22311,2955],{"class":58},[44,22313,22209],{"class":62},[44,22315,655],{"class":58},[44,22317,8909],{"class":80},[20,22319,22320],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22322,22323],{},"Use this when:",[139,22325,22326,22329,22332],{},[142,22327,22328],{},"You want clearer printed output",[142,22330,22331],{},"You need list behavior",[142,22333,22334],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[30,22336,22338,866,22340,866,22342],{"id":22337},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22339,16743],{},[15,22341,16730],{},[15,22343,16736],{},[20,22345,22346],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[139,22348,22349,22354,22359],{},[142,22350,22351,22353],{},[15,22352,16743],{}," gives both key and value",[142,22355,22356,22358],{},[15,22357,16730],{}," gives only keys",[142,22360,22361,22363],{},[15,22362,16736],{}," gives only values",[20,22365,161],{},[35,22367,22369],{"className":37,"code":22368,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22370,22371,22407,22411,22429,22447],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22372,22373,22375,22377,22379,22381,22383,22385,22387,22389,22391,22393,22395,22397,22399,22401,22403,22405],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22374,12867],{"class":50},[44,22376,55],{"class":54},[44,22378,10151],{"class":80},[44,22380,362],{"class":58},[44,22382,302],{"class":62},[44,22384,362],{"class":58},[44,22386,2539],{"class":80},[44,22388,59],{"class":58},[44,22390,12543],{"class":62},[44,22392,362],{"class":58},[44,22394,2646],{"class":80},[44,22396,59],{"class":58},[44,22398,8959],{"class":62},[44,22400,362],{"class":58},[44,22402,2539],{"class":80},[44,22404,8966],{"class":1675},[44,22406,8969],{"class":80},[44,22408,22409],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,22410,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,22412,22413,22415,22417,22419,22421,22423,22425,22427],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,22414,95],{"class":94},[44,22416,98],{"class":80},[44,22418,7754],{"class":1461},[44,22420,98],{"class":80},[44,22422,16972],{"class":84},[44,22424,81],{"class":80},[44,22426,16588],{"class":84},[44,22428,642],{"class":80},[44,22430,22431,22433,22435,22437,22439,22441,22443,22445],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,22432,95],{"class":94},[44,22434,98],{"class":80},[44,22436,7754],{"class":1461},[44,22438,98],{"class":80},[44,22440,16972],{"class":84},[44,22442,81],{"class":80},[44,22444,5022],{"class":84},[44,22446,642],{"class":80},[44,22448,22449,22451,22453,22455,22457,22459,22461,22463],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,22450,95],{"class":94},[44,22452,98],{"class":80},[44,22454,7754],{"class":1461},[44,22456,98],{"class":80},[44,22458,16972],{"class":84},[44,22460,81],{"class":80},[44,22462,7472],{"class":84},[44,22464,642],{"class":80},[20,22466,22467],{},[830,22468,107],{},[35,22470,22472],{"className":37,"code":22471,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22473,22474,22494,22510],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22475,22476,22478,22480,22482,22484,22486,22488,22490,22492],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22477,3561],{"class":80},[44,22479,655],{"class":58},[44,22481,302],{"class":62},[44,22483,655],{"class":58},[44,22485,2646],{"class":80},[44,22487,2955],{"class":58},[44,22489,8959],{"class":62},[44,22491,655],{"class":58},[44,22493,3294],{"class":80},[44,22495,22496,22498,22500,22502,22504,22506,22508],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,22497,3561],{"class":80},[44,22499,655],{"class":58},[44,22501,12543],{"class":62},[44,22503,655],{"class":58},[44,22505,2646],{"class":80},[44,22507,8966],{"class":1675},[44,22509,3294],{"class":80},[44,22511,22512,22514,22516,22518,22520,22522,22524,22526,22528,22530,22532,22534,22536,22538,22540,22542],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,22513,21407],{"class":80},[44,22515,655],{"class":58},[44,22517,302],{"class":62},[44,22519,655],{"class":58},[44,22521,2646],{"class":80},[44,22523,2955],{"class":58},[44,22525,12543],{"class":62},[44,22527,655],{"class":58},[44,22529,8893],{"class":80},[44,22531,8896],{"class":80},[44,22533,655],{"class":58},[44,22535,8959],{"class":62},[44,22537,655],{"class":58},[44,22539,2646],{"class":80},[44,22541,8966],{"class":1675},[44,22543,8909],{"class":80},[20,22545,22546],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[139,22548,22549,22557,22565],{},[142,22550,22551,22552],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[243,22553,22555],{"href":22554},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22556,16730],{},[142,22558,22559,22560],{},"Need just values? Use ",[243,22561,22563],{"href":22562},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,22564,16736],{},[142,22566,22567,22568],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,22569,16743],{},[30,22571,1133,22573],{"id":22572},"when-to-use-items",[15,22574,16743],{},[20,22576,22577,22579],{},[15,22578,16743],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[139,22581,22582,22585,22588,22591,22594],{},[142,22583,22584],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[142,22586,22587],{},"Building formatted output",[142,22589,22590],{},"Looping through settings and values",[142,22592,22593],{},"Showing names with scores",[142,22595,22596],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,22598,161],{},[35,22600,22602],{"className":37,"code":22601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,22603,22604,22612,22630,22649,22661,22665,22669,22690],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22605,22606,22608,22610],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22607,13489],{"class":50},[44,22609,55],{"class":54},[44,22611,11154],{"class":80},[44,22613,22614,22616,22618,22620,22622,22624,22626,22628],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,22615,11159],{"class":58},[44,22617,12157],{"class":62},[44,22619,362],{"class":58},[44,22621,2539],{"class":80},[44,22623,59],{"class":58},[44,22625,12166],{"class":62},[44,22627,362],{"class":58},[44,22629,11175],{"class":80},[44,22631,22632,22634,22636,22638,22640,22642,22645,22647],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,22633,11159],{"class":58},[44,22635,19790],{"class":62},[44,22637,362],{"class":58},[44,22639,2539],{"class":80},[44,22641,59],{"class":58},[44,22643,22644],{"class":62},"English",[44,22646,362],{"class":58},[44,22648,11175],{"class":80},[44,22650,22651,22653,22655,22657,22659],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,22652,11159],{"class":58},[44,22654,18191],{"class":62},[44,22656,362],{"class":58},[44,22658,2539],{"class":80},[44,22660,6086],{"class":3513},[44,22662,22663],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,22664,8969],{"class":80},[44,22666,22667],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,22668,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,22670,22671,22673,22676,22678,22680,22682,22684,22686,22688],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,22672,5623],{"class":524},[44,22674,22675],{"class":50}," setting",[44,22677,2646],{"class":80},[44,22679,21252],{"class":50},[44,22681,3544],{"class":524},[44,22683,13533],{"class":50},[44,22685,81],{"class":80},[44,22687,7472],{"class":84},[44,22689,1196],{"class":80},[44,22691,22692,22694,22696,22698,22700,22702,22705,22707,22710,22712,22714,22716,22718],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,22693,553],{"class":94},[44,22695,98],{"class":80},[44,22697,21961],{"class":1717},[44,22699,362],{"class":62},[44,22701,8938],{"class":1675},[44,22703,22704],{"class":84},"setting",[44,22706,21970],{"class":1675},[44,22708,22709],{"class":62}," = ",[44,22711,8938],{"class":1675},[44,22713,2126],{"class":84},[44,22715,21970],{"class":1675},[44,22717,362],{"class":62},[44,22719,104],{"class":80},[20,22721,22722],{},[830,22723,107],{},[35,22725,22727],{"className":37,"code":22726,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,22728,22729,22739,22749],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22730,22731,22734,22736],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22732,22733],{"class":50},"theme ",[44,22735,55],{"class":54},[44,22737,22738],{"class":50}," dark\n",[44,22740,22741,22744,22746],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,22742,22743],{"class":50},"language ",[44,22745,55],{"class":54},[44,22747,22748],{"class":50}," English\n",[44,22750,22751,22754,22756],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,22752,22753],{"class":50},"notifications ",[44,22755,55],{"class":54},[44,22757,6086],{"class":3513},[30,22759,1238],{"id":1237},[20,22761,22762,22763,81],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,22764,16743],{},[267,22766,22768,22769,22771],{"id":22767},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,22770,16743],{}," incorrectly",[20,22773,22774,22775,22777,22778,22781],{},"Each result from ",[15,22776,16743],{}," has ",[830,22779,22780],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,22783,6351],{},[35,22785,22786],{"className":37,"code":21198,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,22787,22788,22824,22828,22848],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22789,22790,22792,22794,22796,22798,22800,22802,22804,22806,22808,22810,22812,22814,22816,22818,22820,22822],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22791,12867],{"class":50},[44,22793,55],{"class":54},[44,22795,10151],{"class":80},[44,22797,362],{"class":58},[44,22799,302],{"class":62},[44,22801,362],{"class":58},[44,22803,2539],{"class":80},[44,22805,59],{"class":58},[44,22807,12543],{"class":62},[44,22809,362],{"class":58},[44,22811,2646],{"class":80},[44,22813,59],{"class":58},[44,22815,8959],{"class":62},[44,22817,362],{"class":58},[44,22819,2539],{"class":80},[44,22821,8966],{"class":1675},[44,22823,8969],{"class":80},[44,22825,22826],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,22827,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,22829,22830,22832,22834,22836,22838,22840,22842,22844,22846],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,22831,5623],{"class":524},[44,22833,21247],{"class":50},[44,22835,2646],{"class":80},[44,22837,21252],{"class":50},[44,22839,3544],{"class":524},[44,22841,12910],{"class":50},[44,22843,81],{"class":80},[44,22845,7472],{"class":84},[44,22847,1196],{"class":80},[44,22849,22850,22852,22854,22856,22858,22860],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,22851,553],{"class":94},[44,22853,98],{"class":80},[44,22855,14504],{"class":84},[44,22857,2646],{"class":80},[44,22859,8094],{"class":84},[44,22861,104],{"class":80},[20,22863,22864],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[35,22866,22868],{"className":37,"code":22867,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,22869,22870,22906,22910,22926],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22871,22872,22874,22876,22878,22880,22882,22884,22886,22888,22890,22892,22894,22896,22898,22900,22902,22904],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22873,12867],{"class":50},[44,22875,55],{"class":54},[44,22877,10151],{"class":80},[44,22879,362],{"class":58},[44,22881,302],{"class":62},[44,22883,362],{"class":58},[44,22885,2539],{"class":80},[44,22887,59],{"class":58},[44,22889,12543],{"class":62},[44,22891,362],{"class":58},[44,22893,2646],{"class":80},[44,22895,59],{"class":58},[44,22897,8959],{"class":62},[44,22899,362],{"class":58},[44,22901,2539],{"class":80},[44,22903,8966],{"class":1675},[44,22905,8969],{"class":80},[44,22907,22908],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,22909,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,22911,22912,22914,22916,22918,22920,22922,22924],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,22913,5623],{"class":524},[44,22915,17875],{"class":50},[44,22917,3544],{"class":524},[44,22919,12910],{"class":50},[44,22921,81],{"class":80},[44,22923,7472],{"class":84},[44,22925,1196],{"class":80},[44,22927,22928,22930,22932,22934],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,22929,553],{"class":94},[44,22931,98],{"class":80},[44,22933,14504],{"class":84},[44,22935,104],{"class":80},[20,22937,22938,22939,22941,22942,22945],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,22940,14504],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,22943,22944],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,22947,22948],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[35,22950,22952],{"className":37,"code":22951,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,22953,22954,22970],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22955,22956,22958,22960,22962,22964,22966,22968],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22957,5623],{"class":524},[44,22959,5626],{"class":50},[44,22961,3544],{"class":524},[44,22963,12910],{"class":50},[44,22965,81],{"class":80},[44,22967,7472],{"class":84},[44,22969,1196],{"class":80},[44,22971,22972,22974,22976,22979],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,22973,553],{"class":94},[44,22975,98],{"class":80},[44,22977,22978],{"class":84},"item",[44,22980,104],{"class":80},[20,22982,22983],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[35,22985,22987],{"className":37,"code":22986,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,22988,22989,23009],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22990,22991,22993,22995,22997,22999,23001,23003,23005,23007],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22992,5623],{"class":524},[44,22994,21247],{"class":50},[44,22996,2646],{"class":80},[44,22998,21252],{"class":50},[44,23000,3544],{"class":524},[44,23002,12910],{"class":50},[44,23004,81],{"class":80},[44,23006,7472],{"class":84},[44,23008,1196],{"class":80},[44,23010,23011,23013,23015,23017,23019,23021],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,23012,553],{"class":94},[44,23014,98],{"class":80},[44,23016,14504],{"class":84},[44,23018,2646],{"class":80},[44,23020,8094],{"class":84},[44,23022,104],{"class":80},[267,23024,1246,23026,23028],{"id":23025},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23027,16743],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23030,23031,21642,23033,23035],{},[15,23032,16743],{},[15,23034,21575],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23037,23038],{},"Check it:",[35,23040,23042],{"className":37,"code":23041,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23043,23044,23076,23080,23094,23112],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23045,23046,23048,23050,23052,23054,23056,23058,23060,23062,23064,23066,23068,23070,23072,23074],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23047,11386],{"class":50},[44,23049,55],{"class":54},[44,23051,10151],{"class":80},[44,23053,362],{"class":58},[44,23055,243],{"class":62},[44,23057,362],{"class":58},[44,23059,2539],{"class":80},[44,23061,5162],{"class":1675},[44,23063,2646],{"class":80},[44,23065,59],{"class":58},[44,23067,842],{"class":62},[44,23069,362],{"class":58},[44,23071,2539],{"class":80},[44,23073,2649],{"class":1675},[44,23075,8969],{"class":80},[44,23077,23078],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,23079,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,23081,23082,23084,23086,23088,23090,23092],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,23083,95],{"class":94},[44,23085,98],{"class":80},[44,23087,11110],{"class":84},[44,23089,81],{"class":80},[44,23091,7472],{"class":84},[44,23093,201],{"class":80},[44,23095,23096,23098,23100,23102,23104,23106,23108,23110],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,23097,95],{"class":94},[44,23099,98],{"class":80},[44,23101,2880],{"class":1461},[44,23103,98],{"class":80},[44,23105,11110],{"class":84},[44,23107,81],{"class":80},[44,23109,7472],{"class":84},[44,23111,642],{"class":80},[44,23113,23114,23116,23118,23120,23122,23124,23126,23128],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,23115,95],{"class":94},[44,23117,98],{"class":80},[44,23119,7754],{"class":1461},[44,23121,98],{"class":80},[44,23123,11110],{"class":84},[44,23125,81],{"class":80},[44,23127,7472],{"class":84},[44,23129,642],{"class":80},[20,23131,23132],{},[830,23133,107],{},[35,23135,23137],{"className":37,"code":23136,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23138,23139,23171,23185],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23140,23141,23143,23145,23147,23149,23151,23153,23155,23157,23159,23161,23163,23165,23167,23169],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23142,21575],{"class":84},[44,23144,9318],{"class":80},[44,23146,655],{"class":58},[44,23148,243],{"class":62},[44,23150,655],{"class":58},[44,23152,2646],{"class":80},[44,23154,5162],{"class":1675},[44,23156,8893],{"class":80},[44,23158,8896],{"class":80},[44,23160,655],{"class":58},[44,23162,842],{"class":62},[44,23164,655],{"class":58},[44,23166,2646],{"class":80},[44,23168,2649],{"class":1675},[44,23170,10339],{"class":80},[44,23172,23173,23175,23177,23179,23181,23183],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,23174,2949],{"class":54},[44,23176,2952],{"class":1717},[44,23178,2955],{"class":58},[44,23180,21575],{"class":62},[44,23182,655],{"class":58},[44,23184,2962],{"class":54},[44,23186,23187,23189,23191,23193,23195,23197,23199,23201,23203,23205,23207,23209,23211,23213],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,23188,21407],{"class":80},[44,23190,655],{"class":58},[44,23192,243],{"class":62},[44,23194,655],{"class":58},[44,23196,2646],{"class":80},[44,23198,5162],{"class":1675},[44,23200,8893],{"class":80},[44,23202,8896],{"class":80},[44,23204,655],{"class":58},[44,23206,842],{"class":62},[44,23208,655],{"class":58},[44,23210,2646],{"class":80},[44,23212,2649],{"class":1675},[44,23214,8909],{"class":80},[267,23216,23218,23219],{"id":23217},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23220,16743],{},[20,23222,23223],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23225,23226],{},"Problem example:",[35,23228,23230],{"className":37,"code":23229,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23231,23232,23276,23280,23300,23312],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23233,23234,23236,23238,23240,23242,23244,23246,23248,23250,23252,23254,23256,23258,23260,23262,23264,23266,23268,23270,23272,23274],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23235,3276],{"class":50},[44,23237,55],{"class":54},[44,23239,10151],{"class":80},[44,23241,362],{"class":58},[44,23243,243],{"class":62},[44,23245,362],{"class":58},[44,23247,2539],{"class":80},[44,23249,5162],{"class":1675},[44,23251,2646],{"class":80},[44,23253,59],{"class":58},[44,23255,842],{"class":62},[44,23257,362],{"class":58},[44,23259,2539],{"class":80},[44,23261,2649],{"class":1675},[44,23263,2646],{"class":80},[44,23265,59],{"class":58},[44,23267,846],{"class":62},[44,23269,362],{"class":58},[44,23271,2539],{"class":80},[44,23273,2104],{"class":1675},[44,23275,8969],{"class":80},[44,23277,23278],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,23279,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,23281,23282,23284,23286,23288,23290,23292,23294,23296,23298],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,23283,5623],{"class":524},[44,23285,21247],{"class":50},[44,23287,2646],{"class":80},[44,23289,21252],{"class":50},[44,23291,3544],{"class":524},[44,23293,3926],{"class":50},[44,23295,81],{"class":80},[44,23297,7472],{"class":84},[44,23299,1196],{"class":80},[44,23301,23302,23304,23306,23308,23310],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,23303,6062],{"class":524},[44,23305,21252],{"class":50},[44,23307,4353],{"class":54},[44,23309,2649],{"class":1675},[44,23311,548],{"class":80},[44,23313,23314,23317,23319,23321,23323,23325,23327,23329],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,23315,23316],{"class":50},"        numbers",[44,23318,3561],{"class":80},[44,23320,362],{"class":58},[44,23322,18434],{"class":62},[44,23324,362],{"class":58},[44,23326,12936],{"class":80},[44,23328,12939],{"class":54},[44,23330,23331],{"class":1675}," 4\n",[20,23333,23334],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23336,23337],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[35,23339,23341],{"className":37,"code":23340,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23342,23343,23387,23391,23416,23428,23446,23450],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23344,23345,23347,23349,23351,23353,23355,23357,23359,23361,23363,23365,23367,23369,23371,23373,23375,23377,23379,23381,23383,23385],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23346,3276],{"class":50},[44,23348,55],{"class":54},[44,23350,10151],{"class":80},[44,23352,362],{"class":58},[44,23354,243],{"class":62},[44,23356,362],{"class":58},[44,23358,2539],{"class":80},[44,23360,5162],{"class":1675},[44,23362,2646],{"class":80},[44,23364,59],{"class":58},[44,23366,842],{"class":62},[44,23368,362],{"class":58},[44,23370,2539],{"class":80},[44,23372,2649],{"class":1675},[44,23374,2646],{"class":80},[44,23376,59],{"class":58},[44,23378,846],{"class":62},[44,23380,362],{"class":58},[44,23382,2539],{"class":80},[44,23384,2104],{"class":1675},[44,23386,8969],{"class":80},[44,23388,23389],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,23390,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,23392,23393,23395,23397,23399,23401,23403,23405,23407,23409,23411,23413],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,23394,5623],{"class":524},[44,23396,21247],{"class":50},[44,23398,2646],{"class":80},[44,23400,21252],{"class":50},[44,23402,3544],{"class":524},[44,23404,22227],{"class":1461},[44,23406,98],{"class":80},[44,23408,3308],{"class":84},[44,23410,81],{"class":80},[44,23412,7472],{"class":84},[44,23414,23415],{"class":80},"()):\n",[44,23417,23418,23420,23422,23424,23426],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,23419,6062],{"class":524},[44,23421,21252],{"class":50},[44,23423,4353],{"class":54},[44,23425,2649],{"class":1675},[44,23427,548],{"class":80},[44,23429,23430,23432,23434,23436,23438,23440,23442,23444],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,23431,23316],{"class":50},[44,23433,3561],{"class":80},[44,23435,362],{"class":58},[44,23437,18434],{"class":62},[44,23439,362],{"class":58},[44,23441,12936],{"class":80},[44,23443,12939],{"class":54},[44,23445,23331],{"class":1675},[44,23447,23448],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,23449,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,23451,23452,23454,23456,23458],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,23453,95],{"class":94},[44,23455,98],{"class":80},[44,23457,3308],{"class":84},[44,23459,104],{"class":80},[267,23461,23463],{"id":23462},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23465,23466],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[35,23468,23470],{"className":37,"code":23469,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23471,23472,23504,23508,23524],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23473,23474,23476,23478,23480,23482,23484,23486,23488,23490,23492,23494,23496,23498,23500,23502],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23475,8825],{"class":50},[44,23477,55],{"class":54},[44,23479,10151],{"class":80},[44,23481,362],{"class":58},[44,23483,1110],{"class":62},[44,23485,362],{"class":58},[44,23487,2539],{"class":80},[44,23489,5670],{"class":1675},[44,23491,2646],{"class":80},[44,23493,59],{"class":58},[44,23495,11407],{"class":62},[44,23497,362],{"class":58},[44,23499,2539],{"class":80},[44,23501,7452],{"class":1675},[44,23503,8969],{"class":80},[44,23505,23506],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,23507,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,23509,23510,23512,23514,23516,23518,23520,23522],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,23511,5623],{"class":524},[44,23513,5626],{"class":50},[44,23515,3544],{"class":524},[44,23517,14229],{"class":50},[44,23519,81],{"class":80},[44,23521,7472],{"class":84},[44,23523,1196],{"class":80},[44,23525,23526,23528,23530,23532],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,23527,553],{"class":94},[44,23529,98],{"class":80},[44,23531,22978],{"class":84},[44,23533,104],{"class":80},[20,23535,23536],{},[830,23537,107],{},[35,23539,23541],{"className":37,"code":23540,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23542,23543,23559],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23544,23545,23547,23549,23551,23553,23555,23557],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23546,98],{"class":80},[44,23548,655],{"class":58},[44,23550,1110],{"class":62},[44,23552,655],{"class":58},[44,23554,2646],{"class":80},[44,23556,5670],{"class":1675},[44,23558,104],{"class":80},[44,23560,23561,23563,23565,23567,23569,23571,23573],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,23562,98],{"class":80},[44,23564,655],{"class":58},[44,23566,11407],{"class":62},[44,23568,655],{"class":58},[44,23570,2646],{"class":80},[44,23572,7452],{"class":1675},[44,23574,104],{"class":80},[20,23576,23577,23578,23580],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,23579,21322],{}," pair.",[30,23582,1478],{"id":1477},[267,23584,23586,23587,4807],{"id":23585},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,23588,16743],{},[20,23590,17087,23591,23593],{},[15,23592,21575],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[267,23595,1482,23597,23599],{"id":23596},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,23598,16743],{}," return a list?",[20,23601,23602,23603,23606],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,23604,23605],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[267,23608,23610,23611,1520],{"id":23609},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,23612,16743],{},[20,23614,23615],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[35,23617,23619],{"className":37,"code":23618,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23620,23621,23641],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23622,23623,23625,23627,23629,23631,23633,23635,23637,23639],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23624,5623],{"class":524},[44,23626,21247],{"class":50},[44,23628,2646],{"class":80},[44,23630,21252],{"class":50},[44,23632,3544],{"class":524},[44,23634,11428],{"class":50},[44,23636,81],{"class":80},[44,23638,7472],{"class":84},[44,23640,1196],{"class":80},[44,23642,23643,23645,23647,23649,23651,23653],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,23644,553],{"class":94},[44,23646,98],{"class":80},[44,23648,14504],{"class":84},[44,23650,2646],{"class":80},[44,23652,8094],{"class":84},[44,23654,104],{"class":80},[267,23656,1482,23658,23660],{"id":23657},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,23659,16743],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,23662,23663],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[30,23665,1545],{"id":1544},[139,23667,23668,23674,23680,23685,23689],{},[142,23669,23670],{},[243,23671,10397,23672,1555],{"href":22554},[15,23673,16730],{},[142,23675,23676],{},[243,23677,10397,23678,1555],{"href":22562},[15,23679,16736],{},[142,23681,23682],{},[243,23683,23684],{"href":22141},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[142,23686,23687],{},[243,23688,8815],{"href":12686},[142,23690,23691],{},[243,23692,23693],{"href":21445},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1577,23695,23696],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":23698},[23699,23700,23702,23703,23704,23706,23707,23709,23711,23720,23730],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":21305,"depth":69,"text":23701},"What items() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":21636,"depth":69,"text":21637},{"id":21862,"depth":69,"text":23705},"Looping with items()",{"id":22145,"depth":69,"text":22146},{"id":22337,"depth":69,"text":23708},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22572,"depth":69,"text":23710},"When to use items()",{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238,"children":23712},[23713,23715,23717,23719],{"id":22767,"depth":91,"text":23714},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23025,"depth":91,"text":23716},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23217,"depth":91,"text":23718},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23462,"depth":91,"text":23463},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":23721},[23722,23724,23726,23728],{"id":23585,"depth":91,"text":23723},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23596,"depth":91,"text":23725},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23609,"depth":91,"text":23727},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23657,"depth":91,"text":23729},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21174,"description":23731},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":23738,"title":23739,"body":23740,"description":25830,"extension":1611,"meta":25831,"navigation":184,"path":22554,"seo":25832,"stem":25833,"__hash__":25834},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":23741,"toc":25796},[23742,23747,23753,23756,23767,23774,23776,23859,23863,23910,23915,23920,23925,23927,23943,23945,24044,24048,24105,24108,24110,24113,24206,24210,24273,24276,24292,24297,24299,24301,24316,24318,24329,24331,24374,24377,24420,24423,24425,24432,24435,24452,24454,24547,24551,24592,24604,24608,24611,24699,24703,24723,24726,24753,24760,24765,24769,24780,24782,24886,24890,24916,24919,24986,24991,24994,25017,25022,25026,25031,25037,25042,25044,25099,25103,25130,25137,25143,25146,25171,25177,25203,25206,25281,25288,25293,25295,25334,25352,25356,25359,25402,25405,25407,25426,25428,25433,25458,25461,25531,25534,25607,25611,25613,25674,25677,25693,25695,25700,25705,25712,25721,25727,25733,25740,25746,25750,25755,25757,25793],[10,23743,10979,23745,18],{"id":23744},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23746,16730],{},[20,23748,23749,23750,23752],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,23751,16730],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23754,23755],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[139,23757,23758,23761,23764],{},[142,23759,23760],{},"view the available keys",[142,23762,23763],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[142,23765,23766],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,23768,23769,23771,23772,81],{},[15,23770,16730],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,23773,16679],{},[30,23775,1653],{"id":1652},[35,23777,23779],{"className":37,"code":23778,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,23780,23781,23817,23831,23835,23845],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23782,23783,23785,23787,23789,23791,23793,23795,23797,23799,23801,23803,23805,23807,23809,23811,23813,23815],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23784,12526],{"class":50},[44,23786,55],{"class":54},[44,23788,10151],{"class":80},[44,23790,362],{"class":58},[44,23792,302],{"class":62},[44,23794,362],{"class":58},[44,23796,2539],{"class":80},[44,23798,59],{"class":58},[44,23800,12543],{"class":62},[44,23802,362],{"class":58},[44,23804,2646],{"class":80},[44,23806,59],{"class":58},[44,23808,8959],{"class":62},[44,23810,362],{"class":58},[44,23812,2539],{"class":80},[44,23814,7452],{"class":1675},[44,23816,8969],{"class":80},[44,23818,23819,23821,23823,23825,23827,23829],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,23820,16907],{"class":50},[44,23822,55],{"class":54},[44,23824,12569],{"class":50},[44,23826,81],{"class":80},[44,23828,16588],{"class":84},[44,23830,88],{"class":80},[44,23832,23833],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,23834,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,23836,23837,23839,23841,23843],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,23838,95],{"class":94},[44,23840,98],{"class":80},[44,23842,16588],{"class":84},[44,23844,104],{"class":80},[44,23846,23847,23849,23851,23853,23855,23857],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,23848,95],{"class":94},[44,23850,98],{"class":80},[44,23852,7754],{"class":1461},[44,23854,98],{"class":80},[44,23856,16588],{"class":84},[44,23858,370],{"class":80},[20,23860,23861],{},[830,23862,107],{},[35,23864,23866],{"className":37,"code":23865,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,23867,23868,23890],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23869,23870,23872,23874,23876,23878,23880,23882,23884,23886,23888],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23871,16679],{"class":84},[44,23873,2640],{"class":80},[44,23875,655],{"class":58},[44,23877,302],{"class":62},[44,23879,655],{"class":58},[44,23881,2646],{"class":80},[44,23883,2955],{"class":58},[44,23885,8959],{"class":62},[44,23887,655],{"class":58},[44,23889,3549],{"class":80},[44,23891,23892,23894,23896,23898,23900,23902,23904,23906,23908],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,23893,3561],{"class":80},[44,23895,655],{"class":58},[44,23897,302],{"class":62},[44,23899,655],{"class":58},[44,23901,2646],{"class":80},[44,23903,2955],{"class":58},[44,23905,8959],{"class":62},[44,23907,655],{"class":58},[44,23909,3294],{"class":80},[20,23911,119,23912,23914],{},[15,23913,16730],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[30,23916,126,23918,129],{"id":23917},"what-keys-does",[15,23919,16730],{},[20,23921,23922,23924],{},[15,23923,16730],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23926,11119],{},[139,23928,23929,23932,23935,23940],{},[142,23930,23931],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[142,23933,23934],{},"It does not need any arguments",[142,23936,17087,23937,23939],{},[15,23938,16679],{}," view object, not a list",[142,23941,23942],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,23944,161],{},[35,23946,23948],{"className":37,"code":23947,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,23949,23950,23986,23990,24004,24008,24030],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23951,23952,23954,23956,23958,23960,23962,23964,23966,23968,23970,23972,23974,23976,23978,23980,23982,23984],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23953,12867],{"class":50},[44,23955,55],{"class":54},[44,23957,10151],{"class":80},[44,23959,362],{"class":58},[44,23961,302],{"class":62},[44,23963,362],{"class":58},[44,23965,2539],{"class":80},[44,23967,59],{"class":58},[44,23969,12884],{"class":62},[44,23971,362],{"class":58},[44,23973,2646],{"class":80},[44,23975,59],{"class":58},[44,23977,8959],{"class":62},[44,23979,362],{"class":58},[44,23981,2539],{"class":80},[44,23983,8966],{"class":1675},[44,23985,8969],{"class":80},[44,23987,23988],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,23989,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,23991,23992,23994,23996,23998,24000,24002],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,23993,95],{"class":94},[44,23995,98],{"class":80},[44,23997,16972],{"class":84},[44,23999,81],{"class":80},[44,24001,16588],{"class":84},[44,24003,201],{"class":80},[44,24005,24006],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,24007,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,24009,24010,24012,24014,24016,24018,24020,24022,24024,24026,24028],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,24011,16972],{"class":50},[44,24013,3561],{"class":80},[44,24015,362],{"class":58},[44,24017,10069],{"class":62},[44,24019,362],{"class":58},[44,24021,12936],{"class":80},[44,24023,12939],{"class":54},[44,24025,59],{"class":58},[44,24027,10076],{"class":62},[44,24029,66],{"class":58},[44,24031,24032,24034,24036,24038,24040,24042],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,24033,95],{"class":94},[44,24035,98],{"class":80},[44,24037,16972],{"class":84},[44,24039,81],{"class":80},[44,24041,16588],{"class":84},[44,24043,201],{"class":80},[20,24045,24046],{},[830,24047,107],{},[35,24049,24051],{"className":37,"code":24050,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24052,24053,24075],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24054,24055,24057,24059,24061,24063,24065,24067,24069,24071,24073],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24056,16679],{"class":84},[44,24058,2640],{"class":80},[44,24060,655],{"class":58},[44,24062,302],{"class":62},[44,24064,655],{"class":58},[44,24066,2646],{"class":80},[44,24068,2955],{"class":58},[44,24070,8959],{"class":62},[44,24072,655],{"class":58},[44,24074,3549],{"class":80},[44,24076,24077,24079,24081,24083,24085,24087,24089,24091,24093,24095,24097,24099,24101,24103],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,24078,16679],{"class":84},[44,24080,2640],{"class":80},[44,24082,655],{"class":58},[44,24084,302],{"class":62},[44,24086,655],{"class":58},[44,24088,2646],{"class":80},[44,24090,2955],{"class":58},[44,24092,8959],{"class":62},[44,24094,655],{"class":58},[44,24096,2646],{"class":80},[44,24098,2955],{"class":58},[44,24100,10069],{"class":62},[44,24102,655],{"class":58},[44,24104,3549],{"class":80},[20,24106,24107],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[30,24109,5452],{"id":5451},[20,24111,24112],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[35,24114,24116],{"className":37,"code":24115,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24117,24118,24170,24174,24188],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24119,24120,24122,24124,24126,24128,24130,24132,24134,24136,24138,24140,24142,24144,24146,24148,24150,24152,24154,24156,24158,24160,24162,24164,24166,24168],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24121,8825],{"class":50},[44,24123,55],{"class":54},[44,24125,10151],{"class":80},[44,24127,362],{"class":58},[44,24129,302],{"class":62},[44,24131,362],{"class":58},[44,24133,2539],{"class":80},[44,24135,59],{"class":58},[44,24137,12543],{"class":62},[44,24139,362],{"class":58},[44,24141,2646],{"class":80},[44,24143,59],{"class":58},[44,24145,8959],{"class":62},[44,24147,362],{"class":58},[44,24149,2539],{"class":80},[44,24151,7452],{"class":1675},[44,24153,2646],{"class":80},[44,24155,59],{"class":58},[44,24157,19558],{"class":62},[44,24159,362],{"class":58},[44,24161,2539],{"class":80},[44,24163,59],{"class":58},[44,24165,21912],{"class":62},[44,24167,362],{"class":58},[44,24169,8969],{"class":80},[44,24171,24172],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,24173,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,24175,24176,24178,24180,24182,24184,24186],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,24177,95],{"class":94},[44,24179,98],{"class":80},[44,24181,8864],{"class":84},[44,24183,81],{"class":80},[44,24185,16588],{"class":84},[44,24187,201],{"class":80},[44,24189,24190,24192,24194,24196,24198,24200,24202,24204],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,24191,95],{"class":94},[44,24193,98],{"class":80},[44,24195,7754],{"class":1461},[44,24197,98],{"class":80},[44,24199,8864],{"class":84},[44,24201,81],{"class":80},[44,24203,16588],{"class":84},[44,24205,642],{"class":80},[20,24207,24208],{},[830,24209,107],{},[35,24211,24213],{"className":37,"code":24212,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24214,24215,24245],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24216,24217,24219,24221,24223,24225,24227,24229,24231,24233,24235,24237,24239,24241,24243],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24218,16679],{"class":84},[44,24220,2640],{"class":80},[44,24222,655],{"class":58},[44,24224,302],{"class":62},[44,24226,655],{"class":58},[44,24228,2646],{"class":80},[44,24230,2955],{"class":58},[44,24232,8959],{"class":62},[44,24234,655],{"class":58},[44,24236,2646],{"class":80},[44,24238,2955],{"class":58},[44,24240,19558],{"class":62},[44,24242,655],{"class":58},[44,24244,3549],{"class":80},[44,24246,24247,24249,24251,24253,24255,24257,24259,24261,24263,24265,24267,24269,24271],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,24248,3561],{"class":80},[44,24250,655],{"class":58},[44,24252,302],{"class":62},[44,24254,655],{"class":58},[44,24256,2646],{"class":80},[44,24258,2955],{"class":58},[44,24260,8959],{"class":62},[44,24262,655],{"class":58},[44,24264,2646],{"class":80},[44,24266,2955],{"class":58},[44,24268,19558],{"class":62},[44,24270,655],{"class":58},[44,24272,3294],{"class":80},[20,24274,24275],{},"This shows two things:",[139,24277,24278,24286],{},[142,24279,24280,21642,24283,24285],{},[15,24281,24282],{},"data.keys()",[15,24284,16679],{}," object",[142,24287,24288,24291],{},[15,24289,24290],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24293,8811,24294,81],{},[243,24295,24296],{"href":9051},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[30,24298,5095],{"id":5094},[20,24300,1812],{},[35,24302,24304],{"className":37,"code":24303,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24305,24306],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24307,24308,24310,24312,24314],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24309,11110],{"class":50},[44,24311,81],{"class":80},[44,24313,16588],{"class":84},[44,24315,88],{"class":80},[20,24317,21467],{},[139,24319,24320,24323,24326],{},[142,24321,24322],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[142,24324,24325],{},"It takes no parameters",[142,24327,24328],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24330,16320],{},[35,24332,24334],{"className":37,"code":24333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24335,24336,24360],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24337,24338,24340,24342,24344,24346,24348,24350,24352,24354,24356,24358],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24339,12526],{"class":50},[44,24341,55],{"class":54},[44,24343,10151],{"class":80},[44,24345,362],{"class":58},[44,24347,302],{"class":62},[44,24349,362],{"class":58},[44,24351,2539],{"class":80},[44,24353,59],{"class":58},[44,24355,12543],{"class":62},[44,24357,362],{"class":58},[44,24359,8969],{"class":80},[44,24361,24362,24364,24366,24368,24370,24372],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,24363,95],{"class":94},[44,24365,98],{"class":80},[44,24367,13289],{"class":84},[44,24369,81],{"class":80},[44,24371,16588],{"class":84},[44,24373,201],{"class":80},[20,24375,24376],{},"Incorrect:",[35,24378,24380],{"className":37,"code":24379,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24381,24382,24406],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24383,24384,24386,24388,24390,24392,24394,24396,24398,24400,24402,24404],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24385,12526],{"class":50},[44,24387,55],{"class":54},[44,24389,10151],{"class":80},[44,24391,362],{"class":58},[44,24393,302],{"class":62},[44,24395,362],{"class":58},[44,24397,2539],{"class":80},[44,24399,59],{"class":58},[44,24401,12543],{"class":62},[44,24403,362],{"class":58},[44,24405,8969],{"class":80},[44,24407,24408,24410,24412,24414,24416,24418],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,24409,95],{"class":94},[44,24411,98],{"class":80},[44,24413,13289],{"class":84},[44,24415,81],{"class":80},[44,24417,16588],{"class":1467},[44,24419,104],{"class":80},[20,24421,24422],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[30,24424,17084],{"id":17083},[20,24426,24427,21642,24429,24431],{},[15,24428,16730],{},[15,24430,16679],{}," object.",[20,24433,24434],{},"This object:",[139,24436,24437,24440,24443,24449],{},[142,24438,24439],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[142,24441,24442],{},"can be used in a loop",[142,24444,24445,24446],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24447,24448],{},"list()",[142,24450,24451],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24453,161],{},[35,24455,24457],{"className":37,"code":24456,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24458,24459,24500,24504,24519,24523,24533],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24460,24461,24464,24466,24468,24470,24473,24475,24477,24479,24482,24484,24486,24488,24491,24493,24495,24498],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24462,24463],{"class":50},"car ",[44,24465,55],{"class":54},[44,24467,10151],{"class":80},[44,24469,362],{"class":58},[44,24471,24472],{"class":62},"brand",[44,24474,362],{"class":58},[44,24476,2539],{"class":80},[44,24478,59],{"class":58},[44,24480,24481],{"class":62},"Toyota",[44,24483,362],{"class":58},[44,24485,2646],{"class":80},[44,24487,59],{"class":58},[44,24489,24490],{"class":62},"year",[44,24492,362],{"class":58},[44,24494,2539],{"class":80},[44,24496,24497],{"class":1675}," 2020",[44,24499,8969],{"class":80},[44,24501,24502],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,24503,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,24505,24506,24508,24510,24513,24515,24517],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,24507,1880],{"class":50},[44,24509,55],{"class":54},[44,24511,24512],{"class":50}," car",[44,24514,81],{"class":80},[44,24516,16588],{"class":84},[44,24518,88],{"class":80},[44,24520,24521],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,24522,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,24524,24525,24527,24529,24531],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,24526,95],{"class":94},[44,24528,98],{"class":80},[44,24530,1915],{"class":84},[44,24532,104],{"class":80},[44,24534,24535,24537,24539,24541,24543,24545],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,24536,95],{"class":94},[44,24538,98],{"class":80},[44,24540,2880],{"class":1461},[44,24542,98],{"class":80},[44,24544,1915],{"class":84},[44,24546,370],{"class":80},[20,24548,24549],{},[830,24550,107],{},[35,24552,24554],{"className":37,"code":24553,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24555,24556,24578],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24557,24558,24560,24562,24564,24566,24568,24570,24572,24574,24576],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24559,16679],{"class":84},[44,24561,2640],{"class":80},[44,24563,655],{"class":58},[44,24565,24472],{"class":62},[44,24567,655],{"class":58},[44,24569,2646],{"class":80},[44,24571,2955],{"class":58},[44,24573,24490],{"class":62},[44,24575,655],{"class":58},[44,24577,3549],{"class":80},[44,24579,24580,24582,24584,24586,24588,24590],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,24581,2949],{"class":54},[44,24583,2952],{"class":1717},[44,24585,2955],{"class":58},[44,24587,16679],{"class":62},[44,24589,655],{"class":58},[44,24591,2962],{"class":54},[20,24593,24594,24595,24599,24600,81],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[243,24596,10397,24597,1555],{"href":16733},[15,24598,16736],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[243,24601,10397,24602,1555],{"href":16740},[15,24603,16743],{},[30,24605,24607],{"id":24606},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,24609,24610],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[35,24612,24614],{"className":37,"code":24613,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24615,24616,24669,24673,24689],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24617,24618,24620,24622,24624,24626,24628,24630,24632,24634,24636,24638,24640,24642,24644,24646,24648,24650,24652,24654,24656,24658,24660,24662,24665,24667],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24619,12526],{"class":50},[44,24621,55],{"class":54},[44,24623,10151],{"class":80},[44,24625,362],{"class":58},[44,24627,302],{"class":62},[44,24629,362],{"class":58},[44,24631,2539],{"class":80},[44,24633,59],{"class":58},[44,24635,12543],{"class":62},[44,24637,362],{"class":58},[44,24639,2646],{"class":80},[44,24641,59],{"class":58},[44,24643,8959],{"class":62},[44,24645,362],{"class":58},[44,24647,2539],{"class":80},[44,24649,7452],{"class":1675},[44,24651,2646],{"class":80},[44,24653,59],{"class":58},[44,24655,14992],{"class":62},[44,24657,362],{"class":58},[44,24659,2539],{"class":80},[44,24661,59],{"class":58},[44,24663,24664],{"class":62},"Math",[44,24666,362],{"class":58},[44,24668,8969],{"class":80},[44,24670,24671],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,24672,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,24674,24675,24677,24679,24681,24683,24685,24687],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,24676,5623],{"class":524},[44,24678,17875],{"class":50},[44,24680,3544],{"class":524},[44,24682,12569],{"class":50},[44,24684,81],{"class":80},[44,24686,16588],{"class":84},[44,24688,1196],{"class":80},[44,24690,24691,24693,24695,24697],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,24692,553],{"class":94},[44,24694,98],{"class":80},[44,24696,14504],{"class":84},[44,24698,104],{"class":80},[20,24700,24701],{},[830,24702,107],{},[35,24704,24706],{"className":37,"code":24705,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,24707,24708,24713,24718],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24709,24710],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24711,24712],{"class":50},"name\n",[44,24714,24715],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,24716,24717],{"class":50},"age\n",[44,24719,24720],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,24721,24722],{"class":50},"course\n",[20,24724,24725],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[35,24727,24729],{"className":37,"code":24728,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,24730,24731,24743],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24732,24733,24735,24737,24739,24741],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24734,5623],{"class":524},[44,24736,17875],{"class":50},[44,24738,3544],{"class":524},[44,24740,12569],{"class":50},[44,24742,548],{"class":80},[44,24744,24745,24747,24749,24751],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,24746,553],{"class":94},[44,24748,98],{"class":80},[44,24750,14504],{"class":84},[44,24752,104],{"class":80},[20,24754,24755,24756,24759],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,24757,24758],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[30,24761,1133,24763],{"id":24762},"when-to-use-keys",[15,24764,16730],{},[20,24766,119,24767,10261],{},[15,24768,16730],{},[139,24770,24771,24774,24777],{},[142,24772,24773],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[142,24775,24776],{},"you want to display available fields",[142,24778,24779],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,24781,161],{},[35,24783,24785],{"className":37,"code":24784,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24786,24787,24840,24844,24859,24876],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24788,24789,24792,24794,24796,24798,24800,24802,24804,24806,24809,24811,24813,24815,24818,24820,24822,24825,24827,24829,24832,24834,24836,24838],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24790,24791],{"class":50},"product ",[44,24793,55],{"class":54},[44,24795,10151],{"class":80},[44,24797,362],{"class":58},[44,24799,302],{"class":62},[44,24801,362],{"class":58},[44,24803,2539],{"class":80},[44,24805,59],{"class":58},[44,24807,24808],{"class":62},"Book",[44,24810,362],{"class":58},[44,24812,2646],{"class":80},[44,24814,59],{"class":58},[44,24816,24817],{"class":62},"price",[44,24819,362],{"class":58},[44,24821,2539],{"class":80},[44,24823,24824],{"class":1675}," 12.99",[44,24826,2646],{"class":80},[44,24828,59],{"class":58},[44,24830,24831],{"class":62},"stock",[44,24833,362],{"class":58},[44,24835,2539],{"class":80},[44,24837,4270],{"class":1675},[44,24839,8969],{"class":80},[44,24841,24842],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,24843,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,24845,24846,24848,24850,24852,24855,24857],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,24847,95],{"class":94},[44,24849,98],{"class":80},[44,24851,362],{"class":58},[44,24853,24854],{"class":62},"Available fields:",[44,24856,362],{"class":58},[44,24858,104],{"class":80},[44,24860,24861,24863,24865,24867,24870,24872,24874],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,24862,5623],{"class":524},[44,24864,17875],{"class":50},[44,24866,3544],{"class":524},[44,24868,24869],{"class":50}," product",[44,24871,81],{"class":80},[44,24873,16588],{"class":84},[44,24875,1196],{"class":80},[44,24877,24878,24880,24882,24884],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,24879,553],{"class":94},[44,24881,98],{"class":80},[44,24883,14504],{"class":84},[44,24885,104],{"class":80},[20,24887,24888],{},[830,24889,107],{},[35,24891,24893],{"className":37,"code":24892,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,24894,24895,24902,24906,24911],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24896,24897,24900],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24898,24899],{"class":50},"Available fields",[44,24901,548],{"class":80},[44,24903,24904],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,24905,24712],{"class":50},[44,24907,24908],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,24909,24910],{"class":50},"price\n",[44,24912,24913],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,24914,24915],{"class":50},"stock\n",[20,24917,24918],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[35,24920,24922],{"className":37,"code":24921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,24923,24924,24960,24964],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24925,24926,24928,24930,24932,24934,24936,24938,24940,24942,24944,24946,24948,24950,24952,24954,24956,24958],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24927,24791],{"class":50},[44,24929,55],{"class":54},[44,24931,10151],{"class":80},[44,24933,362],{"class":58},[44,24935,302],{"class":62},[44,24937,362],{"class":58},[44,24939,2539],{"class":80},[44,24941,59],{"class":58},[44,24943,24808],{"class":62},[44,24945,362],{"class":58},[44,24947,2646],{"class":80},[44,24949,59],{"class":58},[44,24951,24817],{"class":62},[44,24953,362],{"class":58},[44,24955,2539],{"class":80},[44,24957,24824],{"class":1675},[44,24959,8969],{"class":80},[44,24961,24962],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,24963,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,24965,24966,24968,24970,24972,24974,24976,24978,24980,24982,24984],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,24967,95],{"class":94},[44,24969,98],{"class":80},[44,24971,362],{"class":58},[44,24973,302],{"class":62},[44,24975,362],{"class":58},[44,24977,20841],{"class":524},[44,24979,24869],{"class":84},[44,24981,81],{"class":80},[44,24983,16588],{"class":84},[44,24985,201],{"class":80},[20,24987,24988,24989,81],{},"This works and returns ",[15,24990,3263],{},[20,24992,24993],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[35,24995,24997],{"className":37,"code":24996,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,24998,24999],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25000,25001,25003,25005,25007,25009,25011,25013,25015],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25002,95],{"class":94},[44,25004,98],{"class":80},[44,25006,362],{"class":58},[44,25008,302],{"class":62},[44,25010,362],{"class":58},[44,25012,20841],{"class":524},[44,25014,24869],{"class":84},[44,25016,104],{"class":80},[20,25018,25019,25020,81],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[243,25021,20874],{"href":16818},[30,25023,25025],{"id":25024},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25027,25028,25029,81],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25030,16730],{},[267,25032,1246,25034,25036],{"id":25033},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25035,16730],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25038,25039,25041],{},[15,25040,16730],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25043,161],{},[35,25045,25047],{"className":37,"code":25046,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25048,25049,25085],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25050,25051,25053,25055,25057,25059,25061,25063,25065,25067,25069,25071,25073,25075,25077,25079,25081,25083],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25052,8825],{"class":50},[44,25054,55],{"class":54},[44,25056,10151],{"class":80},[44,25058,362],{"class":58},[44,25060,302],{"class":62},[44,25062,362],{"class":58},[44,25064,2539],{"class":80},[44,25066,59],{"class":58},[44,25068,12543],{"class":62},[44,25070,362],{"class":58},[44,25072,2646],{"class":80},[44,25074,59],{"class":58},[44,25076,8959],{"class":62},[44,25078,362],{"class":58},[44,25080,2539],{"class":80},[44,25082,7452],{"class":1675},[44,25084,8969],{"class":80},[44,25086,25087,25089,25091,25093,25095,25097],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,25088,95],{"class":94},[44,25090,98],{"class":80},[44,25092,8864],{"class":84},[44,25094,81],{"class":80},[44,25096,16588],{"class":84},[44,25098,201],{"class":80},[20,25100,25101],{},[830,25102,107],{},[35,25104,25106],{"className":37,"code":25105,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25107,25108],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25109,25110,25112,25114,25116,25118,25120,25122,25124,25126,25128],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25111,16679],{"class":84},[44,25113,2640],{"class":80},[44,25115,655],{"class":58},[44,25117,302],{"class":62},[44,25119,655],{"class":58},[44,25121,2646],{"class":80},[44,25123,2955],{"class":58},[44,25125,8959],{"class":62},[44,25127,655],{"class":58},[44,25129,3549],{"class":80},[20,25131,25132,25133,81],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[243,25134,25135],{"href":16740},[15,25136,16743],{},[267,25138,25140,25141],{"id":25139},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25142,16679],{},[20,25144,25145],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[35,25147,25149],{"className":37,"code":25148,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25150,25151],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25152,25153,25155,25157,25159,25161,25163,25165,25167,25169],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25154,3561],{"class":80},[44,25156,655],{"class":58},[44,25158,302],{"class":62},[44,25160,655],{"class":58},[44,25162,2646],{"class":80},[44,25164,2955],{"class":58},[44,25166,8959],{"class":62},[44,25168,655],{"class":58},[44,25170,3294],{"class":80},[20,25172,25173,25174,25176],{},"But ",[15,25175,16730],{}," returns:",[35,25178,25179],{"className":37,"code":25105,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,25180,25181],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25182,25183,25185,25187,25189,25191,25193,25195,25197,25199,25201],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25184,16679],{"class":84},[44,25186,2640],{"class":80},[44,25188,655],{"class":58},[44,25190,302],{"class":62},[44,25192,655],{"class":58},[44,25194,2646],{"class":80},[44,25196,2955],{"class":58},[44,25198,8959],{"class":62},[44,25200,655],{"class":58},[44,25202,3549],{"class":80},[20,25204,25205],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[35,25207,25209],{"className":37,"code":25208,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25210,25211,25247,25266,25270],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25212,25213,25215,25217,25219,25221,25223,25225,25227,25229,25231,25233,25235,25237,25239,25241,25243,25245],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25214,8825],{"class":50},[44,25216,55],{"class":54},[44,25218,10151],{"class":80},[44,25220,362],{"class":58},[44,25222,302],{"class":62},[44,25224,362],{"class":58},[44,25226,2539],{"class":80},[44,25228,59],{"class":58},[44,25230,12543],{"class":62},[44,25232,362],{"class":58},[44,25234,2646],{"class":80},[44,25236,59],{"class":58},[44,25238,8959],{"class":62},[44,25240,362],{"class":58},[44,25242,2539],{"class":80},[44,25244,7452],{"class":1675},[44,25246,8969],{"class":80},[44,25248,25249,25252,25254,25256,25258,25260,25262,25264],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,25250,25251],{"class":50},"key_list ",[44,25253,55],{"class":54},[44,25255,22227],{"class":1461},[44,25257,98],{"class":80},[44,25259,8864],{"class":84},[44,25261,81],{"class":80},[44,25263,16588],{"class":84},[44,25265,201],{"class":80},[44,25267,25268],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,25269,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,25271,25272,25274,25276,25279],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,25273,95],{"class":94},[44,25275,98],{"class":80},[44,25277,25278],{"class":84},"key_list",[44,25280,104],{"class":80},[267,25282,25284,25285,25287],{"id":25283},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25286,16730],{}," on a list or string",[20,25289,25290,25292],{},[15,25291,16730],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25294,2490],{},[35,25296,25298],{"className":37,"code":25297,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25299,25300,25320],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25301,25302,25304,25306,25308,25310,25312,25314,25316,25318],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25303,3276],{"class":50},[44,25305,55],{"class":54},[44,25307,3281],{"class":80},[44,25309,2643],{"class":1675},[44,25311,2646],{"class":80},[44,25313,2649],{"class":1675},[44,25315,2646],{"class":80},[44,25317,2104],{"class":1675},[44,25319,3294],{"class":80},[44,25321,25322,25324,25326,25328,25330,25332],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,25323,95],{"class":94},[44,25325,98],{"class":80},[44,25327,3308],{"class":84},[44,25329,81],{"class":80},[44,25331,16588],{"class":84},[44,25333,201],{"class":80},[20,25335,25336,25337,25340,25341,25343,25344,81],{},"You may get an ",[15,25338,25339],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25342,16730],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[243,25345,25347,25348,25351],{"href":25346},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25349,25350],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[267,25353,25355],{"id":25354},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25357,25358],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[35,25360,25362],{"className":37,"code":25361,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25363,25364,25388],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25365,25366,25368,25370,25372,25374,25376,25378,25380,25382,25384,25386],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25367,8825],{"class":50},[44,25369,55],{"class":54},[44,25371,10151],{"class":80},[44,25373,362],{"class":58},[44,25375,302],{"class":62},[44,25377,362],{"class":58},[44,25379,2539],{"class":80},[44,25381,59],{"class":58},[44,25383,12543],{"class":62},[44,25385,362],{"class":58},[44,25387,8969],{"class":80},[44,25389,25390,25392,25394,25396,25398,25400],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,25391,95],{"class":94},[44,25393,98],{"class":80},[44,25395,8864],{"class":84},[44,25397,81],{"class":80},[44,25399,16588],{"class":1467},[44,25401,104],{"class":80},[20,25403,25404],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25406,18361],{},[35,25408,25410],{"className":37,"code":25409,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25411,25412],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25413,25414,25416,25418,25420,25422,25424],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25415,95],{"class":94},[44,25417,98],{"class":80},[44,25419,8864],{"class":84},[44,25421,81],{"class":80},[44,25423,16588],{"class":84},[44,25425,201],{"class":80},[30,25427,1238],{"id":1237},[20,25429,25430,25431,2539],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25432,16730],{},[139,25434,25435,25440,25446,25452],{},[142,25436,675,25437,25439],{},[15,25438,16730],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[142,25441,25442,25443,25445],{},"Thinking ",[15,25444,16730],{}," returns values too",[142,25447,25448,25449,25451],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25450,16679],{}," like a normal list",[142,25453,25454,25455,25457],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25456,16679],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25459,25460],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[35,25462,25464],{"className":37,"code":25463,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25465,25466,25498,25512,25516,25526],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25467,25468,25470,25472,25474,25476,25478,25480,25482,25484,25486,25488,25490,25492,25494,25496],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25469,8825],{"class":50},[44,25471,55],{"class":54},[44,25473,10151],{"class":80},[44,25475,362],{"class":58},[44,25477,243],{"class":62},[44,25479,362],{"class":58},[44,25481,2539],{"class":80},[44,25483,5162],{"class":1675},[44,25485,2646],{"class":80},[44,25487,59],{"class":58},[44,25489,842],{"class":62},[44,25491,362],{"class":58},[44,25493,2539],{"class":80},[44,25495,2649],{"class":1675},[44,25497,8969],{"class":80},[44,25499,25500,25502,25504,25506,25508,25510],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,25501,16907],{"class":50},[44,25503,55],{"class":54},[44,25505,14229],{"class":50},[44,25507,81],{"class":80},[44,25509,16588],{"class":84},[44,25511,88],{"class":80},[44,25513,25514],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,25515,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,25517,25518,25520,25522,25524],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,25519,95],{"class":94},[44,25521,98],{"class":80},[44,25523,16588],{"class":84},[44,25525,104],{"class":80},[44,25527,25528],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,25529,25530],{"class":3324},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25532,25533],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[35,25535,25537],{"className":37,"code":25536,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25538,25539,25571,25589,25593],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25540,25541,25543,25545,25547,25549,25551,25553,25555,25557,25559,25561,25563,25565,25567,25569],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25542,8825],{"class":50},[44,25544,55],{"class":54},[44,25546,10151],{"class":80},[44,25548,362],{"class":58},[44,25550,243],{"class":62},[44,25552,362],{"class":58},[44,25554,2539],{"class":80},[44,25556,5162],{"class":1675},[44,25558,2646],{"class":80},[44,25560,59],{"class":58},[44,25562,842],{"class":62},[44,25564,362],{"class":58},[44,25566,2539],{"class":80},[44,25568,2649],{"class":1675},[44,25570,8969],{"class":80},[44,25572,25573,25575,25577,25579,25581,25583,25585,25587],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,25574,16907],{"class":50},[44,25576,55],{"class":54},[44,25578,22227],{"class":1461},[44,25580,98],{"class":80},[44,25582,8864],{"class":84},[44,25584,81],{"class":80},[44,25586,16588],{"class":84},[44,25588,201],{"class":80},[44,25590,25591],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,25592,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,25594,25595,25597,25599,25601,25603,25605],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,25596,95],{"class":94},[44,25598,98],{"class":80},[44,25600,16588],{"class":84},[44,25602,3561],{"class":80},[44,25604,1772],{"class":1675},[44,25606,3549],{"class":80},[30,25608,25610],{"id":25609},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,25612,10773],{},[35,25614,25616],{"className":37,"code":25615,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,25617,25618,25632,25642,25656],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25619,25620,25622,25624,25626,25628,25630],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25621,95],{"class":94},[44,25623,98],{"class":80},[44,25625,2880],{"class":1461},[44,25627,98],{"class":80},[44,25629,11110],{"class":84},[44,25631,370],{"class":80},[44,25633,25634,25636,25638,25640],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,25635,95],{"class":94},[44,25637,98],{"class":80},[44,25639,11110],{"class":84},[44,25641,104],{"class":80},[44,25643,25644,25646,25648,25650,25652,25654],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,25645,95],{"class":94},[44,25647,98],{"class":80},[44,25649,11110],{"class":84},[44,25651,81],{"class":80},[44,25653,16588],{"class":84},[44,25655,201],{"class":80},[44,25657,25658,25660,25662,25664,25666,25668,25670,25672],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,25659,95],{"class":94},[44,25661,98],{"class":80},[44,25663,7754],{"class":1461},[44,25665,98],{"class":80},[44,25667,11110],{"class":84},[44,25669,81],{"class":80},[44,25671,16588],{"class":84},[44,25673,642],{"class":80},[20,25675,25676],{},"These help you confirm:",[139,25678,25679,25682,25685,25690],{},[142,25680,25681],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[142,25683,25684],{},"what data it contains",[142,25686,25687,25688,11367],{},"what ",[15,25689,16730],{},[142,25691,25692],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[30,25694,1478],{"id":1477},[267,25696,23586,25698,4807],{"id":25697},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,25699,16730],{},[20,25701,17087,25702,25704],{},[15,25703,16679],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[267,25706,14566,25708,25711],{"id":25707},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,25709,25710],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,25713,25714,25715,25717,25718,81],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,25716,16679],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,25719,25720],{},"list(dict.keys())",[267,25722,25724,25725,1520],{"id":25723},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,25726,25710],{},[20,25728,25729,25730,25732],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,25731,5623],{}," loop.",[267,25734,25736,25737,25739],{"id":25735},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,25738,16730],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,25741,25742,25743,25745],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,25744,16730],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[267,25747,25749],{"id":25748},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,25751,119,25752,81],{},[15,25753,25754],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[30,25756,1545],{"id":1544},[139,25758,25759,25764,25770,25776,25782,25786],{},[142,25760,25761],{},[243,25762,25763],{"href":9051},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[142,25765,25766],{},[243,25767,10397,25768,1555],{"href":16733},[15,25769,16736],{},[142,25771,25772],{},[243,25773,10397,25774,1555],{"href":16740},[15,25775,16743],{},[142,25777,25778],{},[243,25779,25781],{"href":25780},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[142,25783,25784],{},[243,25785,16819],{"href":16818},[142,25787,25788],{},[243,25789,25790,25791,25351],{"href":25346},"How to fix ",[15,25792,25350],{},[1577,25794,25795],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":25797},[25798,25799,25801,25802,25803,25804,25805,25807,25816,25817,25818,25829],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":23917,"depth":69,"text":25800},"What keys() does",{"id":5451,"depth":69,"text":5452},{"id":5094,"depth":69,"text":5095},{"id":17083,"depth":69,"text":17084},{"id":24606,"depth":69,"text":24607},{"id":24762,"depth":69,"text":25806},"When to use keys()",{"id":25024,"depth":69,"text":25025,"children":25808},[25809,25811,25813,25815],{"id":25033,"depth":91,"text":25810},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25139,"depth":91,"text":25812},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25283,"depth":91,"text":25814},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25354,"depth":91,"text":25355},{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238},{"id":25609,"depth":69,"text":25610},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":25819},[25820,25822,25824,25826,25828],{"id":25697,"depth":91,"text":25821},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25707,"depth":91,"text":25823},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":25723,"depth":91,"text":25825},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":25735,"depth":91,"text":25827},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":25748,"depth":91,"text":25749},{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":23739,"description":25830},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":25836,"title":25837,"body":25838,"description":28110,"extension":1611,"meta":28111,"navigation":184,"path":28112,"seo":28113,"stem":28114,"__hash__":28115},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":25839,"toc":28063},[25840,25845,25850,25853,25855,26001,26014,26019,26023,26037,26039,26142,26151,26153,26155,26193,26218,26220,26327,26329,26336,26339,26347,26349,26490,26498,26503,26507,26518,26520,26682,26685,26693,26700,26706,26803,26809,26886,26889,26901,26906,26912,26915,26919,27008,27011,27015,27119,27126,27213,27222,27224,27229,27235,27238,27284,27287,27353,27362,27368,27461,27467,27473,27516,27519,27584,27590,27682,27685,27689,27695,27720,27723,27819,27826,27828,27833,27924,27926,27954,27959,27961,27968,27971,27975,27985,27990,27993,28000,28010,28017,28025,28027,28060],[10,25841,10979,25843,18],{"id":25842},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,25844,12425],{},[20,25846,25847,25849],{},[15,25848,12232],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,25851,25852],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[30,25854,33],{"id":32},[35,25856,25858],{"className":37,"code":25857,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,25859,25860,25896,25920,25934,25947,25951,25956,25988],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25861,25862,25864,25866,25868,25870,25872,25874,25876,25878,25880,25882,25884,25886,25888,25890,25892,25894],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25863,12867],{"class":50},[44,25865,55],{"class":54},[44,25867,10151],{"class":80},[44,25869,362],{"class":58},[44,25871,302],{"class":62},[44,25873,362],{"class":58},[44,25875,2539],{"class":80},[44,25877,59],{"class":58},[44,25879,12543],{"class":62},[44,25881,362],{"class":58},[44,25883,2646],{"class":80},[44,25885,59],{"class":58},[44,25887,8959],{"class":62},[44,25889,362],{"class":58},[44,25891,2539],{"class":80},[44,25893,8966],{"class":1675},[44,25895,8969],{"class":80},[44,25897,25898,25901,25903,25905,25907,25910,25912,25914,25916,25918],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,25899,25900],{"class":50},"removed_age ",[44,25902,55],{"class":54},[44,25904,12910],{"class":50},[44,25906,81],{"class":80},[44,25908,25909],{"class":84},"pop",[44,25911,98],{"class":80},[44,25913,362],{"class":58},[44,25915,8959],{"class":62},[44,25917,362],{"class":58},[44,25919,104],{"class":80},[44,25921,25922,25924,25926,25929,25931],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,25923,95],{"class":94},[44,25925,98],{"class":80},[44,25927,25928],{"class":84},"removed_age",[44,25930,3321],{"class":80},[44,25932,25933],{"class":3324},"   # 25\n",[44,25935,25936,25938,25940,25942,25944],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,25937,95],{"class":94},[44,25939,98],{"class":80},[44,25941,16972],{"class":84},[44,25943,3321],{"class":80},[44,25945,25946],{"class":3324},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[44,25948,25949],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,25950,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,25952,25953],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,25954,25955],{"class":3324},"# Safe version with default value\n",[44,25957,25958,25961,25963,25965,25967,25969,25971,25973,25975,25977,25979,25981,25984,25986],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,25959,25960],{"class":50},"country ",[44,25962,55],{"class":54},[44,25964,12910],{"class":50},[44,25966,81],{"class":80},[44,25968,25909],{"class":84},[44,25970,98],{"class":80},[44,25972,362],{"class":58},[44,25974,14925],{"class":62},[44,25976,362],{"class":58},[44,25978,2646],{"class":80},[44,25980,59],{"class":58},[44,25982,25983],{"class":62},"Not found",[44,25985,362],{"class":58},[44,25987,104],{"class":80},[44,25989,25990,25992,25994,25996,25998],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,25991,95],{"class":94},[44,25993,98],{"class":80},[44,25995,14925],{"class":84},[44,25997,3321],{"class":80},[44,25999,26000],{"class":3324},"       # Not found\n",[20,26002,119,26003,26006,26007,26010,26011,26013],{},[15,26004,26005],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26008,26009],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26012,19354],{}," when the key might not exist.",[30,26015,126,26017,129],{"id":26016},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26018,12232],{},[20,26020,26021,2539],{},[15,26022,12232],{},[139,26024,26025,26028,26031,26034],{},[142,26026,26027],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[142,26029,26030],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[142,26032,26033],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[142,26035,26036],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26038,161],{},[35,26040,26042],{"className":37,"code":26041,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26043,26044,26084,26088,26111,26115,26129],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26045,26046,26048,26050,26052,26054,26056,26058,26060,26062,26064,26066,26068,26070,26072,26074,26076,26078,26080,26082],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26047,11149],{"class":50},[44,26049,55],{"class":54},[44,26051,10151],{"class":80},[44,26053,362],{"class":58},[44,26055,302],{"class":62},[44,26057,362],{"class":58},[44,26059,2539],{"class":80},[44,26061,59],{"class":58},[44,26063,12884],{"class":62},[44,26065,362],{"class":58},[44,26067,2646],{"class":80},[44,26069,59],{"class":58},[44,26071,10069],{"class":62},[44,26073,362],{"class":58},[44,26075,2539],{"class":80},[44,26077,59],{"class":58},[44,26079,10076],{"class":62},[44,26081,362],{"class":58},[44,26083,8969],{"class":80},[44,26085,26086],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,26087,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,26089,26090,26093,26095,26097,26099,26101,26103,26105,26107,26109],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,26091,26092],{"class":50},"removed_city ",[44,26094,55],{"class":54},[44,26096,11232],{"class":50},[44,26098,81],{"class":80},[44,26100,25909],{"class":84},[44,26102,98],{"class":80},[44,26104,362],{"class":58},[44,26106,10069],{"class":62},[44,26108,362],{"class":58},[44,26110,104],{"class":80},[44,26112,26113],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,26114,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,26116,26117,26119,26121,26124,26126],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,26118,95],{"class":94},[44,26120,98],{"class":80},[44,26122,26123],{"class":84},"removed_city",[44,26125,3321],{"class":80},[44,26127,26128],{"class":3324},"  # Paris\n",[44,26130,26131,26133,26135,26137,26139],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,26132,95],{"class":94},[44,26134,98],{"class":80},[44,26136,11243],{"class":84},[44,26138,3321],{"class":80},[44,26140,26141],{"class":3324},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26143,20438,26144,26147,26148,81],{},[15,26145,26146],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26149,26150],{},"\"Paris\"",[30,26152,250],{"id":249},[20,26154,253],{},[35,26156,26158],{"className":37,"code":26157,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26159,26160,26174],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26161,26162,26164,26166,26168,26170,26172],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26163,11110],{"class":50},[44,26165,81],{"class":80},[44,26167,25909],{"class":84},[44,26169,98],{"class":80},[44,26171,14504],{"class":84},[44,26173,104],{"class":80},[44,26175,26176,26178,26180,26182,26184,26186,26188,26191],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,26177,11110],{"class":50},[44,26179,81],{"class":80},[44,26181,25909],{"class":84},[44,26183,98],{"class":80},[44,26185,14504],{"class":84},[44,26187,2646],{"class":80},[44,26189,26190],{"class":84}," default",[44,26192,104],{"class":80},[139,26194,26195,26201,26209,26215],{},[142,26196,26197,26200],{},[15,26198,26199],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[142,26202,26203,26205,26206,26208],{},[15,26204,26199],{}," raises ",[15,26207,19354],{}," if the key is missing",[142,26210,26211,26214],{},[15,26212,26213],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[142,26216,26217],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26219,161],{},[35,26221,26223],{"className":37,"code":26222,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26224,26225,26257,26261,26286,26314],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26226,26227,26229,26231,26233,26235,26237,26239,26241,26243,26245,26247,26249,26251,26253,26255],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26228,4726],{"class":50},[44,26230,55],{"class":54},[44,26232,10151],{"class":80},[44,26234,362],{"class":58},[44,26236,18083],{"class":62},[44,26238,362],{"class":58},[44,26240,2539],{"class":80},[44,26242,19565],{"class":1675},[44,26244,2646],{"class":80},[44,26246,59],{"class":58},[44,26248,18092],{"class":62},[44,26250,362],{"class":58},[44,26252,2539],{"class":80},[44,26254,13170],{"class":1675},[44,26256,8969],{"class":80},[44,26258,26259],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,26260,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,26262,26263,26265,26267,26269,26271,26273,26275,26277,26279,26281,26283],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,26264,95],{"class":94},[44,26266,98],{"class":80},[44,26268,16053],{"class":84},[44,26270,81],{"class":80},[44,26272,25909],{"class":84},[44,26274,98],{"class":80},[44,26276,362],{"class":58},[44,26278,18083],{"class":62},[44,26280,362],{"class":58},[44,26282,5025],{"class":80},[44,26284,26285],{"class":3324},"         # 90\n",[44,26287,26288,26290,26292,26294,26296,26298,26300,26302,26304,26306,26308,26310,26312],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,26289,95],{"class":94},[44,26291,98],{"class":80},[44,26293,16053],{"class":84},[44,26295,81],{"class":80},[44,26297,25909],{"class":84},[44,26299,98],{"class":80},[44,26301,362],{"class":58},[44,26303,18101],{"class":62},[44,26305,362],{"class":58},[44,26307,2646],{"class":80},[44,26309,3495],{"class":1675},[44,26311,5025],{"class":80},[44,26313,20435],{"class":3324},[44,26315,26316,26318,26320,26322,26324],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,26317,95],{"class":94},[44,26319,98],{"class":80},[44,26321,16053],{"class":84},[44,26323,3321],{"class":80},[44,26325,26326],{"class":3324},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[30,26328,17084],{"id":17083},[20,26330,26331,828,26333,26335],{},[15,26332,12425],{},[830,26334,832],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26337,26338],{},"Instead, it returns:",[139,26340,26341,26344],{},[142,26342,26343],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[142,26345,26346],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26348,161],{},[35,26350,26352],{"className":37,"code":26351,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26353,26354,26386,26390,26413,26445,26449,26463,26477],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26355,26356,26358,26360,26362,26364,26366,26368,26370,26372,26374,26376,26378,26380,26382,26384],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26357,8825],{"class":50},[44,26359,55],{"class":54},[44,26361,10151],{"class":80},[44,26363,362],{"class":58},[44,26365,243],{"class":62},[44,26367,362],{"class":58},[44,26369,2539],{"class":80},[44,26371,5670],{"class":1675},[44,26373,2646],{"class":80},[44,26375,59],{"class":58},[44,26377,842],{"class":62},[44,26379,362],{"class":58},[44,26381,2539],{"class":80},[44,26383,7452],{"class":1675},[44,26385,8969],{"class":80},[44,26387,26388],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,26389,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,26391,26392,26395,26397,26399,26401,26403,26405,26407,26409,26411],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,26393,26394],{"class":50},"result1 ",[44,26396,55],{"class":54},[44,26398,14229],{"class":50},[44,26400,81],{"class":80},[44,26402,25909],{"class":84},[44,26404,98],{"class":80},[44,26406,362],{"class":58},[44,26408,243],{"class":62},[44,26410,362],{"class":58},[44,26412,104],{"class":80},[44,26414,26415,26418,26420,26422,26424,26426,26428,26430,26432,26434,26436,26438,26441,26443],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,26416,26417],{"class":50},"result2 ",[44,26419,55],{"class":54},[44,26421,14229],{"class":50},[44,26423,81],{"class":80},[44,26425,25909],{"class":84},[44,26427,98],{"class":80},[44,26429,362],{"class":58},[44,26431,846],{"class":62},[44,26433,362],{"class":58},[44,26435,2646],{"class":80},[44,26437,59],{"class":58},[44,26439,26440],{"class":62},"missing",[44,26442,362],{"class":58},[44,26444,104],{"class":80},[44,26446,26447],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,26448,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,26450,26451,26453,26455,26458,26460],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,26452,95],{"class":94},[44,26454,98],{"class":80},[44,26456,26457],{"class":84},"result1",[44,26459,3321],{"class":80},[44,26461,26462],{"class":3324},"  # 10\n",[44,26464,26465,26467,26469,26472,26474],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,26466,95],{"class":94},[44,26468,98],{"class":80},[44,26470,26471],{"class":84},"result2",[44,26473,3321],{"class":80},[44,26475,26476],{"class":3324},"  # missing\n",[44,26478,26479,26481,26483,26485,26487],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,26480,95],{"class":94},[44,26482,98],{"class":80},[44,26484,8864],{"class":84},[44,26486,3321],{"class":80},[44,26488,26489],{"class":3324},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26491,26492,26493,860],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[243,26494,26495],{"href":10396},[15,26496,26497],{},"dict.get()",[30,26499,1133,26501],{"id":26500},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26502,12425],{},[20,26504,119,26505,10261],{},[15,26506,12425],{},[139,26508,26509,26512,26515],{},[142,26510,26511],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[142,26513,26514],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[142,26516,26517],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26519,161],{},[35,26521,26523],{"className":37,"code":26522,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26524,26525,26577,26581,26608,26612,26636,26640,26654,26668],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26526,26527,26529,26531,26533,26535,26537,26539,26541,26543,26546,26548,26550,26552,26554,26556,26558,26561,26563,26565,26568,26570,26572,26575],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26528,24791],{"class":50},[44,26530,55],{"class":54},[44,26532,10151],{"class":80},[44,26534,362],{"class":58},[44,26536,302],{"class":62},[44,26538,362],{"class":58},[44,26540,2539],{"class":80},[44,26542,59],{"class":58},[44,26544,26545],{"class":62},"Laptop",[44,26547,362],{"class":58},[44,26549,2646],{"class":80},[44,26551,59],{"class":58},[44,26553,24817],{"class":62},[44,26555,362],{"class":58},[44,26557,2539],{"class":80},[44,26559,26560],{"class":1675}," 1200",[44,26562,2646],{"class":80},[44,26564,59],{"class":58},[44,26566,26567],{"class":62},"discount",[44,26569,362],{"class":58},[44,26571,2539],{"class":80},[44,26573,26574],{"class":1675}," 200",[44,26576,8969],{"class":80},[44,26578,26579],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,26580,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,26582,26583,26586,26588,26590,26592,26594,26596,26598,26600,26602,26604,26606],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,26584,26585],{"class":50},"discount_amount ",[44,26587,55],{"class":54},[44,26589,24869],{"class":50},[44,26591,81],{"class":80},[44,26593,25909],{"class":84},[44,26595,98],{"class":80},[44,26597,362],{"class":58},[44,26599,26567],{"class":62},[44,26601,362],{"class":58},[44,26603,2646],{"class":80},[44,26605,3495],{"class":1675},[44,26607,104],{"class":80},[44,26609,26610],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,26611,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,26613,26614,26617,26619,26621,26623,26625,26627,26629,26631,26633],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,26615,26616],{"class":50},"final_price ",[44,26618,55],{"class":54},[44,26620,24869],{"class":50},[44,26622,3561],{"class":80},[44,26624,362],{"class":58},[44,26626,24817],{"class":62},[44,26628,362],{"class":58},[44,26630,12936],{"class":80},[44,26632,1872],{"class":54},[44,26634,26635],{"class":50}," discount_amount\n",[44,26637,26638],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,26639,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,26641,26642,26644,26646,26649,26651],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,26643,95],{"class":94},[44,26645,98],{"class":80},[44,26647,26648],{"class":84},"discount_amount",[44,26650,3321],{"class":80},[44,26652,26653],{"class":3324},"  # 200\n",[44,26655,26656,26658,26660,26663,26665],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,26657,95],{"class":94},[44,26659,98],{"class":80},[44,26661,26662],{"class":84},"final_price",[44,26664,3321],{"class":80},[44,26666,26667],{"class":3324},"      # 1000\n",[44,26669,26670,26672,26674,26677,26679],{"class":46,"line":6095},[44,26671,95],{"class":94},[44,26673,98],{"class":80},[44,26675,26676],{"class":84},"product",[44,26678,3321],{"class":80},[44,26680,26681],{"class":3324},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,26683,26684],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[30,26686,26688,866,26690],{"id":26687},"pop-vs-del",[15,26689,12425],{},[15,26691,26692],{},"del",[20,26694,10250,26695,4057,26697,26699],{},[15,26696,12425],{},[15,26698,26692],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[267,26701,119,26703,26705],{"id":26702},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,26704,12425],{}," when you need the removed value",[35,26707,26709],{"className":37,"code":26708,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26710,26711,26747,26751,26773,26777,26790],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26712,26713,26715,26717,26719,26721,26723,26725,26727,26729,26731,26733,26735,26737,26739,26741,26743,26745],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26714,12867],{"class":50},[44,26716,55],{"class":54},[44,26718,10151],{"class":80},[44,26720,362],{"class":58},[44,26722,302],{"class":62},[44,26724,362],{"class":58},[44,26726,2539],{"class":80},[44,26728,59],{"class":58},[44,26730,12543],{"class":62},[44,26732,362],{"class":58},[44,26734,2646],{"class":80},[44,26736,59],{"class":58},[44,26738,8959],{"class":62},[44,26740,362],{"class":58},[44,26742,2539],{"class":80},[44,26744,8966],{"class":1675},[44,26746,8969],{"class":80},[44,26748,26749],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,26750,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,26752,26753,26755,26757,26759,26761,26763,26765,26767,26769,26771],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,26754,21295],{"class":50},[44,26756,55],{"class":54},[44,26758,12910],{"class":50},[44,26760,81],{"class":80},[44,26762,25909],{"class":84},[44,26764,98],{"class":80},[44,26766,362],{"class":58},[44,26768,8959],{"class":62},[44,26770,362],{"class":58},[44,26772,104],{"class":80},[44,26774,26775],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,26776,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,26778,26779,26781,26783,26785,26787],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,26780,95],{"class":94},[44,26782,98],{"class":80},[44,26784,8959],{"class":84},[44,26786,3321],{"class":80},[44,26788,26789],{"class":3324},"     # 25\n",[44,26791,26792,26794,26796,26798,26800],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,26793,95],{"class":94},[44,26795,98],{"class":80},[44,26797,16972],{"class":84},[44,26799,3321],{"class":80},[44,26801,26802],{"class":3324},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[267,26804,119,26806,26808],{"id":26805},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,26807,26692],{}," when you only want deletion",[35,26810,26812],{"className":37,"code":26811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26813,26814,26850,26854,26870,26874],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26815,26816,26818,26820,26822,26824,26826,26828,26830,26832,26834,26836,26838,26840,26842,26844,26846,26848],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26817,12867],{"class":50},[44,26819,55],{"class":54},[44,26821,10151],{"class":80},[44,26823,362],{"class":58},[44,26825,302],{"class":62},[44,26827,362],{"class":58},[44,26829,2539],{"class":80},[44,26831,59],{"class":58},[44,26833,12543],{"class":62},[44,26835,362],{"class":58},[44,26837,2646],{"class":80},[44,26839,59],{"class":58},[44,26841,8959],{"class":62},[44,26843,362],{"class":58},[44,26845,2539],{"class":80},[44,26847,8966],{"class":1675},[44,26849,8969],{"class":80},[44,26851,26852],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,26853,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,26855,26856,26858,26860,26862,26864,26866,26868],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,26857,26692],{"class":524},[44,26859,12910],{"class":50},[44,26861,3561],{"class":80},[44,26863,362],{"class":58},[44,26865,8959],{"class":62},[44,26867,362],{"class":58},[44,26869,3294],{"class":80},[44,26871,26872],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,26873,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,26875,26876,26878,26880,26882,26884],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,26877,95],{"class":94},[44,26879,98],{"class":80},[44,26881,16972],{"class":84},[44,26883,3321],{"class":80},[44,26885,26802],{"class":3324},[20,26887,26888],{},"Difference:",[139,26890,26891,26896],{},[142,26892,26893,26895],{},[15,26894,12425],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[142,26897,26898,26900],{},[15,26899,26692],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,26902,26903,26904,81],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[243,26905,12237],{"href":12236},[30,26907,26909,26910],{"id":26908},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,26911,19354],{},[20,26913,26914],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[267,26916,26918],{"id":26917},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[35,26920,26922],{"className":37,"code":26921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,26923,26924,26949,26953,26979,26983,26995],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26925,26926,26928,26930,26932,26934,26936,26938,26940,26942,26945,26947],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26927,11386],{"class":50},[44,26929,55],{"class":54},[44,26931,10151],{"class":80},[44,26933,362],{"class":58},[44,26935,302],{"class":62},[44,26937,362],{"class":58},[44,26939,2539],{"class":80},[44,26941,59],{"class":58},[44,26943,26944],{"class":62},"Sara",[44,26946,362],{"class":58},[44,26948,8969],{"class":80},[44,26950,26951],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,26952,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,26954,26955,26957,26959,26961,26963,26965,26967,26969,26971,26973,26975,26977],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,26956,2099],{"class":50},[44,26958,55],{"class":54},[44,26960,11428],{"class":50},[44,26962,81],{"class":80},[44,26964,25909],{"class":84},[44,26966,98],{"class":80},[44,26968,362],{"class":58},[44,26970,8959],{"class":62},[44,26972,362],{"class":58},[44,26974,2646],{"class":80},[44,26976,3514],{"class":3513},[44,26978,104],{"class":80},[44,26980,26981],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,26982,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,26984,26985,26987,26989,26991,26993],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,26986,95],{"class":94},[44,26988,98],{"class":80},[44,26990,2126],{"class":84},[44,26992,3321],{"class":80},[44,26994,20228],{"class":3324},[44,26996,26997,26999,27001,27003,27005],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,26998,95],{"class":94},[44,27000,98],{"class":80},[44,27002,11110],{"class":84},[44,27004,3321],{"class":80},[44,27006,27007],{"class":3324}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27009,27010],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[267,27012,27014],{"id":27013},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[35,27016,27018],{"className":37,"code":27017,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27019,27020,27044,27048,27064,27087,27097,27104],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27021,27022,27024,27026,27028,27030,27032,27034,27036,27038,27040,27042],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27023,11386],{"class":50},[44,27025,55],{"class":54},[44,27027,10151],{"class":80},[44,27029,362],{"class":58},[44,27031,302],{"class":62},[44,27033,362],{"class":58},[44,27035,2539],{"class":80},[44,27037,59],{"class":58},[44,27039,26944],{"class":62},[44,27041,362],{"class":58},[44,27043,8969],{"class":80},[44,27045,27046],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,27047,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,27049,27050,27052,27054,27056,27058,27060,27062],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,27051,525],{"class":524},[44,27053,59],{"class":58},[44,27055,8959],{"class":62},[44,27057,362],{"class":58},[44,27059,20841],{"class":54},[44,27061,11428],{"class":50},[44,27063,548],{"class":80},[44,27065,27066,27069,27071,27073,27075,27077,27079,27081,27083,27085],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,27067,27068],{"class":50},"    value ",[44,27070,55],{"class":54},[44,27072,11428],{"class":50},[44,27074,81],{"class":80},[44,27076,25909],{"class":84},[44,27078,98],{"class":80},[44,27080,362],{"class":58},[44,27082,8959],{"class":62},[44,27084,362],{"class":58},[44,27086,104],{"class":80},[44,27088,27089,27091,27093,27095],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,27090,553],{"class":94},[44,27092,98],{"class":80},[44,27094,2126],{"class":84},[44,27096,104],{"class":80},[44,27098,27099,27102],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,27100,27101],{"class":524},"else",[44,27103,548],{"class":80},[44,27105,27106,27108,27110,27112,27115,27117],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,27107,553],{"class":94},[44,27109,98],{"class":80},[44,27111,362],{"class":58},[44,27113,27114],{"class":62},"Key not found",[44,27116,362],{"class":58},[44,27118,104],{"class":80},[267,27120,27122,27123,27125],{"id":27121},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27124,10400],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[35,27127,27129],{"className":37,"code":27128,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27130,27131,27155,27159,27185,27189,27201],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27132,27133,27135,27137,27139,27141,27143,27145,27147,27149,27151,27153],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27134,11386],{"class":50},[44,27136,55],{"class":54},[44,27138,10151],{"class":80},[44,27140,362],{"class":58},[44,27142,302],{"class":62},[44,27144,362],{"class":58},[44,27146,2539],{"class":80},[44,27148,59],{"class":58},[44,27150,26944],{"class":62},[44,27152,362],{"class":58},[44,27154,8969],{"class":80},[44,27156,27157],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,27158,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,27160,27161,27163,27165,27167,27169,27171,27173,27175,27177,27179,27181,27183],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,27162,2099],{"class":50},[44,27164,55],{"class":54},[44,27166,11428],{"class":50},[44,27168,81],{"class":80},[44,27170,19417],{"class":84},[44,27172,98],{"class":80},[44,27174,362],{"class":58},[44,27176,8959],{"class":62},[44,27178,362],{"class":58},[44,27180,2646],{"class":80},[44,27182,3514],{"class":3513},[44,27184,104],{"class":80},[44,27186,27187],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,27188,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,27190,27191,27193,27195,27197,27199],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,27192,95],{"class":94},[44,27194,98],{"class":80},[44,27196,2126],{"class":84},[44,27198,3321],{"class":80},[44,27200,20228],{"class":3324},[44,27202,27203,27205,27207,27209,27211],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,27204,95],{"class":94},[44,27206,98],{"class":80},[44,27208,11110],{"class":84},[44,27210,3321],{"class":80},[44,27212,27007],{"class":3324},[20,27214,119,27215,27219,27220,81],{},[243,27216,27217],{"href":10396},[15,27218,26497],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[243,27221,10923],{"href":10734},[30,27223,4183],{"id":4182},[20,27225,27226,27227,81],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27228,12232],{},[267,27230,25442,27232,27234],{"id":27231},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27233,12425],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27236,27237],{},"Lists use indexes:",[35,27239,27241],{"className":37,"code":27240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27242,27243,27263],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27244,27245,27247,27249,27251,27253,27255,27257,27259,27261],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27246,3276],{"class":50},[44,27248,55],{"class":54},[44,27250,3281],{"class":80},[44,27252,1982],{"class":1675},[44,27254,2646],{"class":80},[44,27256,7452],{"class":1675},[44,27258,2646],{"class":80},[44,27260,7457],{"class":1675},[44,27262,3294],{"class":80},[44,27264,27265,27267,27269,27271,27273,27275,27277,27279,27281],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,27266,95],{"class":94},[44,27268,98],{"class":80},[44,27270,3308],{"class":84},[44,27272,81],{"class":80},[44,27274,25909],{"class":84},[44,27276,98],{"class":80},[44,27278,2643],{"class":1675},[44,27280,5025],{"class":80},[44,27282,27283],{"class":3324},"  # 20\n",[20,27285,27286],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[35,27288,27290],{"className":37,"code":27289,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27291,27292,27328],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27293,27294,27296,27298,27300,27302,27304,27306,27308,27310,27312,27314,27316,27318,27320,27322,27324,27326],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27295,12867],{"class":50},[44,27297,55],{"class":54},[44,27299,10151],{"class":80},[44,27301,362],{"class":58},[44,27303,302],{"class":62},[44,27305,362],{"class":58},[44,27307,2539],{"class":80},[44,27309,59],{"class":58},[44,27311,12543],{"class":62},[44,27313,362],{"class":58},[44,27315,2646],{"class":80},[44,27317,59],{"class":58},[44,27319,8959],{"class":62},[44,27321,362],{"class":58},[44,27323,2539],{"class":80},[44,27325,8966],{"class":1675},[44,27327,8969],{"class":80},[44,27329,27330,27332,27334,27336,27338,27340,27342,27344,27346,27348,27350],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,27331,95],{"class":94},[44,27333,98],{"class":80},[44,27335,16972],{"class":84},[44,27337,81],{"class":80},[44,27339,25909],{"class":84},[44,27341,98],{"class":80},[44,27343,362],{"class":58},[44,27345,8959],{"class":62},[44,27347,362],{"class":58},[44,27349,5025],{"class":80},[44,27351,27352],{"class":3324},"  # 25\n",[20,27354,27355,27356,27358,27359,27361],{},"A dictionary does ",[830,27357,832],{}," use positions with ",[15,27360,12425],{},". It uses keys.",[267,27363,1262,27365,27367],{"id":27364},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27366,12425],{}," changes the original dictionary",[35,27369,27371],{"className":37,"code":27370,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27372,27373,27405,27409,27431,27435,27448],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27374,27375,27377,27379,27381,27383,27385,27387,27389,27391,27393,27395,27397,27399,27401,27403],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27376,8825],{"class":50},[44,27378,55],{"class":54},[44,27380,10151],{"class":80},[44,27382,362],{"class":58},[44,27384,1110],{"class":62},[44,27386,362],{"class":58},[44,27388,2539],{"class":80},[44,27390,5162],{"class":1675},[44,27392,2646],{"class":80},[44,27394,59],{"class":58},[44,27396,11407],{"class":62},[44,27398,362],{"class":58},[44,27400,2539],{"class":80},[44,27402,2649],{"class":1675},[44,27404,8969],{"class":80},[44,27406,27407],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,27408,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,27410,27411,27413,27415,27417,27419,27421,27423,27425,27427,27429],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,27412,2099],{"class":50},[44,27414,55],{"class":54},[44,27416,14229],{"class":50},[44,27418,81],{"class":80},[44,27420,25909],{"class":84},[44,27422,98],{"class":80},[44,27424,362],{"class":58},[44,27426,1110],{"class":62},[44,27428,362],{"class":58},[44,27430,104],{"class":80},[44,27432,27433],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,27434,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,27436,27437,27439,27441,27443,27445],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,27438,95],{"class":94},[44,27440,98],{"class":80},[44,27442,2126],{"class":84},[44,27444,3321],{"class":80},[44,27446,27447],{"class":3324},"  # 1\n",[44,27449,27450,27452,27454,27456,27458],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,27451,95],{"class":94},[44,27453,98],{"class":80},[44,27455,8864],{"class":84},[44,27457,3321],{"class":80},[44,27459,27460],{"class":3324},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27462,27463,27464,27466],{},"After ",[15,27465,12425],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[267,27468,675,27470,27472],{"id":27469},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27471,12425],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[35,27474,27476],{"className":37,"code":27475,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27477,27478,27502,27506,27511],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27479,27480,27482,27484,27486,27488,27490,27492,27494,27496,27498,27500],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27481,8825],{"class":50},[44,27483,55],{"class":54},[44,27485,10151],{"class":80},[44,27487,362],{"class":58},[44,27489,302],{"class":62},[44,27491,362],{"class":58},[44,27493,2539],{"class":80},[44,27495,59],{"class":58},[44,27497,7583],{"class":62},[44,27499,362],{"class":58},[44,27501,8969],{"class":80},[44,27503,27504],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,27505,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,27507,27508],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,27509,27510],{"class":3324},"# This causes an error\n",[44,27512,27513],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,27514,27515],{"class":3324},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27517,27518],{},"Safer version:",[35,27520,27522],{"className":37,"code":27521,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27523,27524,27548,27552],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27525,27526,27528,27530,27532,27534,27536,27538,27540,27542,27544,27546],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27527,8825],{"class":50},[44,27529,55],{"class":54},[44,27531,10151],{"class":80},[44,27533,362],{"class":58},[44,27535,302],{"class":62},[44,27537,362],{"class":58},[44,27539,2539],{"class":80},[44,27541,59],{"class":58},[44,27543,7583],{"class":62},[44,27545,362],{"class":58},[44,27547,8969],{"class":80},[44,27549,27550],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,27551,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,27553,27554,27556,27558,27560,27562,27564,27566,27568,27570,27572,27574,27576,27578,27580,27582],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,27555,95],{"class":94},[44,27557,98],{"class":80},[44,27559,8864],{"class":84},[44,27561,81],{"class":80},[44,27563,25909],{"class":84},[44,27565,98],{"class":80},[44,27567,362],{"class":58},[44,27569,8959],{"class":62},[44,27571,362],{"class":58},[44,27573,2646],{"class":80},[44,27575,59],{"class":58},[44,27577,26440],{"class":62},[44,27579,362],{"class":58},[44,27581,5025],{"class":80},[44,27583,26476],{"class":3324},[267,27585,1246,27587,27589],{"id":27586},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,27588,12425],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[35,27591,27593],{"className":37,"code":27592,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,27594,27595,27627,27631,27653,27657,27669],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27596,27597,27599,27601,27603,27605,27607,27609,27611,27613,27615,27617,27619,27621,27623,27625],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27598,8825],{"class":50},[44,27600,55],{"class":54},[44,27602,10151],{"class":80},[44,27604,362],{"class":58},[44,27606,243],{"class":62},[44,27608,362],{"class":58},[44,27610,2539],{"class":80},[44,27612,5162],{"class":1675},[44,27614,2646],{"class":80},[44,27616,59],{"class":58},[44,27618,842],{"class":62},[44,27620,362],{"class":58},[44,27622,2539],{"class":80},[44,27624,2649],{"class":1675},[44,27626,8969],{"class":80},[44,27628,27629],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,27630,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,27632,27633,27635,27637,27639,27641,27643,27645,27647,27649,27651],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,27634,1880],{"class":50},[44,27636,55],{"class":54},[44,27638,14229],{"class":50},[44,27640,81],{"class":80},[44,27642,25909],{"class":84},[44,27644,98],{"class":80},[44,27646,362],{"class":58},[44,27648,243],{"class":62},[44,27650,362],{"class":58},[44,27652,104],{"class":80},[44,27654,27655],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,27656,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,27658,27659,27661,27663,27665,27667],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,27660,95],{"class":94},[44,27662,98],{"class":80},[44,27664,1915],{"class":84},[44,27666,3321],{"class":80},[44,27668,27447],{"class":3324},[44,27670,27671,27673,27675,27677,27679],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,27672,95],{"class":94},[44,27674,98],{"class":80},[44,27676,8864],{"class":84},[44,27678,3321],{"class":80},[44,27680,27681],{"class":3324},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,27683,27684],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[30,27686,27688],{"id":27687},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,27690,27691,27692,27694],{},"Problems with ",[15,27693,12232],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[139,27696,27697,27700,27709,27712],{},[142,27698,27699],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[142,27701,27702,27703,27706,27707],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,27704,27705],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,27708,26005],{},[142,27710,27711],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[142,27713,27714,27715,10752,27717],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,27716,2643],{},[15,27718,27719],{},"\"1\"",[20,27721,27722],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[35,27724,27726],{"className":37,"code":27725,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,27727,27728,27752,27756,27786],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27729,27730,27732,27734,27736,27738,27740,27742,27744,27746,27748,27750],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27731,8825],{"class":50},[44,27733,55],{"class":54},[44,27735,10151],{"class":80},[44,27737,362],{"class":58},[44,27739,2643],{"class":62},[44,27741,362],{"class":58},[44,27743,2539],{"class":80},[44,27745,59],{"class":58},[44,27747,6249],{"class":62},[44,27749,362],{"class":58},[44,27751,8969],{"class":80},[44,27753,27754],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,27755,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,27757,27758,27760,27762,27764,27766,27768,27770,27772,27774,27776,27779,27781,27783],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,27759,95],{"class":94},[44,27761,98],{"class":80},[44,27763,8864],{"class":84},[44,27765,81],{"class":80},[44,27767,25909],{"class":84},[44,27769,98],{"class":80},[44,27771,2643],{"class":1675},[44,27773,2646],{"class":80},[44,27775,59],{"class":58},[44,27777,27778],{"class":62},"not found",[44,27780,362],{"class":58},[44,27782,5025],{"class":80},[44,27784,27785],{"class":3324},"    # not found\n",[44,27787,27788,27790,27792,27794,27796,27798,27800,27802,27804,27806,27808,27810,27812,27814,27816],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,27789,95],{"class":94},[44,27791,98],{"class":80},[44,27793,8864],{"class":84},[44,27795,81],{"class":80},[44,27797,25909],{"class":84},[44,27799,98],{"class":80},[44,27801,362],{"class":58},[44,27803,2643],{"class":62},[44,27805,362],{"class":58},[44,27807,2646],{"class":80},[44,27809,59],{"class":58},[44,27811,27778],{"class":62},[44,27813,362],{"class":58},[44,27815,5025],{"class":80},[44,27817,27818],{"class":3324},"  # one\n",[20,27820,27821,4057,27823,27825],{},[15,27822,2643],{},[15,27824,27719],{}," are different keys.",[30,27827,8531],{"id":8530},[20,27829,8534,27830,27832],{},[15,27831,12425],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[35,27834,27836],{"className":37,"code":27835,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,27837,27838,27848,27862,27880,27910],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27839,27840,27842,27844,27846],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27841,95],{"class":94},[44,27843,98],{"class":80},[44,27845,11110],{"class":84},[44,27847,104],{"class":80},[44,27849,27850,27852,27854,27856,27858,27860],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,27851,95],{"class":94},[44,27853,98],{"class":80},[44,27855,11110],{"class":84},[44,27857,81],{"class":80},[44,27859,16588],{"class":84},[44,27861,201],{"class":80},[44,27863,27864,27866,27868,27870,27872,27874,27876,27878],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,27865,95],{"class":94},[44,27867,98],{"class":80},[44,27869,655],{"class":58},[44,27871,302],{"class":62},[44,27873,655],{"class":58},[44,27875,20841],{"class":524},[44,27877,11428],{"class":84},[44,27879,104],{"class":80},[44,27881,27882,27884,27886,27888,27890,27892,27894,27896,27898,27900,27902,27904,27906,27908],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,27883,95],{"class":94},[44,27885,98],{"class":80},[44,27887,11110],{"class":84},[44,27889,81],{"class":80},[44,27891,25909],{"class":84},[44,27893,98],{"class":80},[44,27895,655],{"class":58},[44,27897,302],{"class":62},[44,27899,655],{"class":58},[44,27901,2646],{"class":80},[44,27903,2955],{"class":58},[44,27905,26440],{"class":62},[44,27907,655],{"class":58},[44,27909,370],{"class":80},[44,27911,27912,27914,27916,27918,27920,27922],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,27913,95],{"class":94},[44,27915,98],{"class":80},[44,27917,2880],{"class":1461},[44,27919,98],{"class":80},[44,27921,11110],{"class":84},[44,27923,370],{"class":80},[20,27925,21004],{},[139,27927,27928,27933,27938,27943,27949],{},[142,27929,27930,27932],{},[15,27931,12342],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[142,27934,27935,27937],{},[15,27936,21016],{}," shows all available keys",[142,27939,27940,27942],{},[15,27941,21022],{}," checks whether a key exists",[142,27944,27945,27948],{},[15,27946,27947],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[142,27950,27951,27953],{},[15,27952,12348],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,27955,27956,27957,81],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[243,27958,9052],{"href":9051},[30,27960,1478],{"id":1477},[267,27962,27964,27965,27967],{"id":27963},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,27966,12425],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,27969,27970],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[267,27972,27974],{"id":27973},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,27976,27977,26205,27979,27981,27982,27984],{},[15,27978,26005],{},[15,27980,19354],{},". ",[15,27983,26009],{}," returns the default value instead.",[267,27986,1482,27988,14559],{"id":27987},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,27989,12425],{},[20,27991,27992],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[267,27994,27996,27997,27999],{"id":27995},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,27998,12425],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28001,28002,28003,28005,28006,81],{},"Not with ",[15,28004,12232],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[243,28007,28008],{"href":12243},[15,28009,12432],{},[267,28011,4842,28013,4057,28015,1520],{"id":28012},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28014,10400],{},[15,28016,12425],{},[20,28018,28019,28021,28022,28024],{},[15,28020,10400],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28023,12425],{}," reads and removes it.",[30,28026,1545],{"id":1544},[139,28028,28029,28035,28042,28046,28050,28054],{},[142,28030,28031],{},[243,28032,28033],{"href":10396},[15,28034,19335],{},[142,28036,28037],{},[243,28038,28039],{"href":12243},[15,28040,28041],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[142,28043,28044],{},[243,28045,12449],{"href":12236},[142,28047,28048],{},[243,28049,21125],{"href":16261},[142,28051,28052],{},[243,28053,10923],{"href":10734},[142,28055,28056],{},[243,28057,28059],{"href":28058},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1577,28061,28062],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":28064},[28065,28066,28068,28069,28070,28072,28079,28086,28096,28097,28098,28109],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":26016,"depth":69,"text":28067},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":17083,"depth":69,"text":17084},{"id":26500,"depth":69,"text":28071},"When to use pop()",{"id":26687,"depth":69,"text":28073,"children":28074},"pop() vs del",[28075,28077],{"id":26702,"depth":91,"text":28076},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":26805,"depth":91,"text":28078},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":26908,"depth":69,"text":28080,"children":28081},"How to avoid KeyError",[28082,28083,28084],{"id":26917,"depth":91,"text":26918},{"id":27013,"depth":91,"text":27014},{"id":27121,"depth":91,"text":28085},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4182,"depth":69,"text":4183,"children":28087},[28088,28090,28092,28094],{"id":27231,"depth":91,"text":28089},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27364,"depth":91,"text":28091},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27469,"depth":91,"text":28093},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27586,"depth":91,"text":28095},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27687,"depth":69,"text":27688},{"id":8530,"depth":69,"text":8531},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":28099},[28100,28102,28103,28105,28107],{"id":27963,"depth":91,"text":28101},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":27973,"depth":91,"text":27974},{"id":27987,"depth":91,"text":28104},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":27995,"depth":91,"text":28106},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28012,"depth":91,"text":28108},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":25837,"description":28110},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28117,"title":28041,"body":28118,"description":30057,"extension":1611,"meta":30058,"navigation":184,"path":30059,"seo":30060,"stem":30061,"__hash__":30062},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28119,"toc":30021},[28120,28125,28130,28133,28141,28151,28153,28242,28246,28295,28300,28305,28309,28325,28328,28330,28345,28347,28363,28370,28374,28380,28389,28391,28460,28464,28485,28488,28507,28510,28533,28535,28538,28653,28657,28716,28723,28727,28733,28858,28862,28912,28915,28919,28926,28928,28991,28995,29016,29019,29028,29043,29051,29058,29062,29074,29078,29089,29091,29237,29241,29300,29307,29312,29316,29322,29345,29350,29368,29372,29443,29450,29523,29532,29537,29542,29553,29556,29693,29698,29730,29735,29737,29741,29801,29804,29861,29864,29907,29909,29914,29920,29926,29929,29936,29944,29949,29952,29959,29967,29969,30018],[10,28121,10979,28123,18],{"id":28122},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28124,12432],{},[20,28126,1628,28127,28129],{},[15,28128,12432],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28131,28132],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[139,28134,28135,28138],{},[142,28136,28137],{},"remove an item",[142,28139,28140],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28142,28143,28144,28146,28147,28150],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28145,12432],{}," removes the ",[830,28148,28149],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[30,28152,1653],{"id":1652},[35,28154,28156],{"className":37,"code":28155,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28157,28158,28202,28218,28222,28232],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28159,28160,28162,28164,28166,28168,28170,28172,28174,28176,28178,28180,28182,28184,28186,28188,28190,28192,28194,28196,28198,28200],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28161,8825],{"class":50},[44,28163,55],{"class":54},[44,28165,10151],{"class":80},[44,28167,362],{"class":58},[44,28169,243],{"class":62},[44,28171,362],{"class":58},[44,28173,2539],{"class":80},[44,28175,5162],{"class":1675},[44,28177,2646],{"class":80},[44,28179,59],{"class":58},[44,28181,842],{"class":62},[44,28183,362],{"class":58},[44,28185,2539],{"class":80},[44,28187,2649],{"class":1675},[44,28189,2646],{"class":80},[44,28191,59],{"class":58},[44,28193,846],{"class":62},[44,28195,362],{"class":58},[44,28197,2539],{"class":80},[44,28199,2104],{"class":1675},[44,28201,8969],{"class":80},[44,28203,28204,28207,28209,28211,28213,28216],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,28205,28206],{"class":50},"item ",[44,28208,55],{"class":54},[44,28210,14229],{"class":50},[44,28212,81],{"class":80},[44,28214,28215],{"class":84},"popitem",[44,28217,88],{"class":80},[44,28219,28220],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,28221,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,28223,28224,28226,28228,28230],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,28225,95],{"class":94},[44,28227,98],{"class":80},[44,28229,22978],{"class":84},[44,28231,104],{"class":80},[44,28233,28234,28236,28238,28240],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,28235,95],{"class":94},[44,28237,98],{"class":80},[44,28239,8864],{"class":84},[44,28241,104],{"class":80},[20,28243,28244],{},[830,28245,107],{},[35,28247,28249],{"className":37,"code":28248,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28250,28251,28267],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28252,28253,28255,28257,28259,28261,28263,28265],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28254,98],{"class":80},[44,28256,655],{"class":58},[44,28258,846],{"class":62},[44,28260,655],{"class":58},[44,28262,2646],{"class":80},[44,28264,2104],{"class":1675},[44,28266,104],{"class":80},[44,28268,28269,28271,28273,28275,28277,28279,28281,28283,28285,28287,28289,28291,28293],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,28270,8938],{"class":80},[44,28272,655],{"class":58},[44,28274,243],{"class":62},[44,28276,655],{"class":58},[44,28278,2539],{"class":80},[44,28280,5162],{"class":1675},[44,28282,2646],{"class":80},[44,28284,2955],{"class":58},[44,28286,842],{"class":62},[44,28288,655],{"class":58},[44,28290,2539],{"class":80},[44,28292,2649],{"class":1675},[44,28294,8969],{"class":80},[20,28296,28297,28299],{},[15,28298,12432],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[30,28301,126,28303,129],{"id":28302},"what-popitem-does",[15,28304,12432],{},[20,28306,28307,2539],{},[15,28308,12432],{},[139,28310,28311,28314,28319,28322],{},[142,28312,28313],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[142,28315,28316,28317],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28318,21322],{},[142,28320,28321],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[142,28323,28324],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28326,28327],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[30,28329,250],{"id":249},[35,28331,28333],{"className":37,"code":28332,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28334,28335],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28336,28337,28339,28341,28343],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28338,15268],{"class":50},[44,28340,81],{"class":80},[44,28342,28215],{"class":84},[44,28344,88],{"class":80},[20,28346,11119],{},[139,28348,28349,28357,28360],{},[142,28350,28351,28353,28354],{},[15,28352,12432],{}," takes ",[830,28355,28356],{},"no arguments",[142,28358,28359],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[142,28361,28362],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28364,28365,28366,860],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[243,28367,28368],{"href":12229},[15,28369,12425],{},[30,28371,28373],{"id":28372},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28375,28376,28377,28379],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28378,12432],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28381,28382,28383,28386],"ol",{},[142,28384,28385],{},"the key",[142,28387,28388],{},"the value",[20,28390,161],{},[35,28392,28394],{"className":37,"code":28393,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28395,28396,28432,28446,28450],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28397,28398,28400,28402,28404,28406,28408,28410,28412,28414,28416,28418,28420,28422,28424,28426,28428,28430],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28399,12867],{"class":50},[44,28401,55],{"class":54},[44,28403,10151],{"class":80},[44,28405,362],{"class":58},[44,28407,302],{"class":62},[44,28409,362],{"class":58},[44,28411,2539],{"class":80},[44,28413,59],{"class":58},[44,28415,4666],{"class":62},[44,28417,362],{"class":58},[44,28419,2646],{"class":80},[44,28421,59],{"class":58},[44,28423,8959],{"class":62},[44,28425,362],{"class":58},[44,28427,2539],{"class":80},[44,28429,8966],{"class":1675},[44,28431,8969],{"class":80},[44,28433,28434,28436,28438,28440,28442,28444],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,28435,1880],{"class":50},[44,28437,55],{"class":54},[44,28439,12910],{"class":50},[44,28441,81],{"class":80},[44,28443,28215],{"class":84},[44,28445,88],{"class":80},[44,28447,28448],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,28449,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,28451,28452,28454,28456,28458],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,28453,95],{"class":94},[44,28455,98],{"class":80},[44,28457,1915],{"class":84},[44,28459,104],{"class":80},[20,28461,28462],{},[830,28463,107],{},[35,28465,28467],{"className":37,"code":28466,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28468,28469],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28470,28471,28473,28475,28477,28479,28481,28483],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28472,98],{"class":80},[44,28474,655],{"class":58},[44,28476,8959],{"class":62},[44,28478,655],{"class":58},[44,28480,2646],{"class":80},[44,28482,8966],{"class":1675},[44,28484,104],{"class":80},[20,28486,28487],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[35,28489,28491],{"className":37,"code":28490,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28492,28493],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28494,28495,28497,28499,28501,28503,28505],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28496,1880],{"class":50},[44,28498,55],{"class":54},[44,28500,12910],{"class":50},[44,28502,81],{"class":80},[44,28504,28215],{"class":84},[44,28506,88],{"class":80},[20,28508,28509],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[35,28511,28513],{"className":37,"code":28512,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28514,28515],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28516,28517,28519,28521,28523,28525,28527,28529,28531],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28518,14504],{"class":50},[44,28520,2646],{"class":80},[44,28522,21252],{"class":50},[44,28524,55],{"class":54},[44,28526,12910],{"class":50},[44,28528,81],{"class":80},[44,28530,28215],{"class":84},[44,28532,88],{"class":80},[30,28534,11136],{"id":11135},[20,28536,28537],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[35,28539,28541],{"className":37,"code":28540,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28542,28543,28591,28595,28610,28614,28634],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28544,28545,28547,28549,28551,28553,28556,28558,28560,28562,28564,28566,28568,28570,28572,28575,28577,28579,28582,28584,28586,28589],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28546,4726],{"class":50},[44,28548,55],{"class":54},[44,28550,10151],{"class":80},[44,28552,362],{"class":58},[44,28554,28555],{"class":62},"Tom",[44,28557,362],{"class":58},[44,28559,2539],{"class":80},[44,28561,4738],{"class":1675},[44,28563,2646],{"class":80},[44,28565,59],{"class":58},[44,28567,12543],{"class":62},[44,28569,362],{"class":58},[44,28571,2539],{"class":80},[44,28573,28574],{"class":1675}," 95",[44,28576,2646],{"class":80},[44,28578,59],{"class":58},[44,28580,28581],{"class":62},"Leo",[44,28583,362],{"class":58},[44,28585,2539],{"class":80},[44,28587,28588],{"class":1675}," 88",[44,28590,8969],{"class":80},[44,28592,28593],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,28594,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,28596,28597,28600,28602,28604,28606,28608],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,28598,28599],{"class":50},"removed_pair ",[44,28601,55],{"class":54},[44,28603,4773],{"class":50},[44,28605,81],{"class":80},[44,28607,28215],{"class":84},[44,28609,88],{"class":80},[44,28611,28612],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,28613,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,28615,28616,28618,28620,28622,28625,28627,28629,28632],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,28617,95],{"class":94},[44,28619,98],{"class":80},[44,28621,362],{"class":58},[44,28623,28624],{"class":62},"Removed:",[44,28626,362],{"class":58},[44,28628,2646],{"class":80},[44,28630,28631],{"class":84}," removed_pair",[44,28633,104],{"class":80},[44,28635,28636,28638,28640,28642,28645,28647,28649,28651],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,28637,95],{"class":94},[44,28639,98],{"class":80},[44,28641,362],{"class":58},[44,28643,28644],{"class":62},"After removal:",[44,28646,362],{"class":58},[44,28648,2646],{"class":80},[44,28650,4773],{"class":84},[44,28652,104],{"class":80},[20,28654,28655],{},[830,28656,107],{},[35,28658,28660],{"className":37,"code":28659,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,28661,28662,28683],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28663,28664,28667,28669,28671,28673,28675,28677,28679,28681],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28665,28666],{"class":50},"Removed",[44,28668,2539],{"class":80},[44,28670,8896],{"class":80},[44,28672,655],{"class":58},[44,28674,28581],{"class":62},[44,28676,655],{"class":58},[44,28678,2646],{"class":80},[44,28680,28588],{"class":1675},[44,28682,104],{"class":80},[44,28684,28685,28688,28690,28692,28694,28696,28698,28700,28702,28704,28706,28708,28710,28712,28714],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,28686,28687],{"class":50},"After removal",[44,28689,2539],{"class":80},[44,28691,10151],{"class":80},[44,28693,655],{"class":58},[44,28695,28555],{"class":62},[44,28697,655],{"class":58},[44,28699,2539],{"class":80},[44,28701,4738],{"class":1675},[44,28703,2646],{"class":80},[44,28705,2955],{"class":58},[44,28707,12543],{"class":62},[44,28709,655],{"class":58},[44,28711,2539],{"class":80},[44,28713,28574],{"class":1675},[44,28715,8969],{"class":80},[20,28717,28718,28719,28722],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,28720,28721],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[30,28724,28726],{"id":28725},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,28728,28729,28730,28732],{},"Because ",[15,28731,12432],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[35,28734,28736],{"className":37,"code":28735,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,28737,28738,28774,28778,28797,28801,28820,28839],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28739,28740,28742,28744,28746,28748,28750,28752,28754,28756,28758,28760,28762,28764,28766,28768,28770,28772],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28741,15111],{"class":50},[44,28743,55],{"class":54},[44,28745,10151],{"class":80},[44,28747,362],{"class":58},[44,28749,15122],{"class":62},[44,28751,362],{"class":58},[44,28753,2539],{"class":80},[44,28755,59],{"class":58},[44,28757,15131],{"class":62},[44,28759,362],{"class":58},[44,28761,2646],{"class":80},[44,28763,59],{"class":58},[44,28765,15142],{"class":62},[44,28767,362],{"class":58},[44,28769,2539],{"class":80},[44,28771,26574],{"class":1675},[44,28773,8969],{"class":80},[44,28775,28776],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,28777,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,28779,28780,28782,28784,28786,28788,28791,28793,28795],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,28781,14504],{"class":50},[44,28783,2646],{"class":80},[44,28785,21252],{"class":50},[44,28787,55],{"class":54},[44,28789,28790],{"class":50}," book",[44,28792,81],{"class":80},[44,28794,28215],{"class":84},[44,28796,88],{"class":80},[44,28798,28799],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,28800,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,28802,28803,28805,28807,28809,28812,28814,28816,28818],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,28804,95],{"class":94},[44,28806,98],{"class":80},[44,28808,362],{"class":58},[44,28810,28811],{"class":62},"Key:",[44,28813,362],{"class":58},[44,28815,2646],{"class":80},[44,28817,21247],{"class":84},[44,28819,104],{"class":80},[44,28821,28822,28824,28826,28828,28831,28833,28835,28837],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,28823,95],{"class":94},[44,28825,98],{"class":80},[44,28827,362],{"class":58},[44,28829,28830],{"class":62},"Value:",[44,28832,362],{"class":58},[44,28834,2646],{"class":80},[44,28836,8094],{"class":84},[44,28838,104],{"class":80},[44,28840,28841,28843,28845,28847,28850,28852,28854,28856],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,28842,95],{"class":94},[44,28844,98],{"class":80},[44,28846,362],{"class":58},[44,28848,28849],{"class":62},"Dictionary:",[44,28851,362],{"class":58},[44,28853,2646],{"class":80},[44,28855,28790],{"class":84},[44,28857,104],{"class":80},[20,28859,28860],{},[830,28861,107],{},[35,28863,28865],{"className":37,"code":28864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,28866,28867,28877,28887],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28868,28869,28872,28874],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28870,28871],{"class":50},"Key",[44,28873,2539],{"class":80},[44,28875,28876],{"class":50}," pages\n",[44,28878,28879,28882,28884],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,28880,28881],{"class":50},"Value",[44,28883,2539],{"class":80},[44,28885,28886],{"class":1675}," 200\n",[44,28888,28889,28892,28894,28896,28898,28900,28902,28904,28906,28908,28910],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,28890,28891],{"class":50},"Dictionary",[44,28893,2539],{"class":80},[44,28895,10151],{"class":80},[44,28897,655],{"class":58},[44,28899,15122],{"class":62},[44,28901,655],{"class":58},[44,28903,2539],{"class":80},[44,28905,2955],{"class":58},[44,28907,15131],{"class":62},[44,28909,655],{"class":58},[44,28911,8969],{"class":80},[20,28913,28914],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[30,28916,28918],{"id":28917},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,28920,28921,28922,28146,28924,81],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,28923,12432],{},[830,28925,28149],{},[20,28927,161],{},[35,28929,28931],{"className":37,"code":28930,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,28932,28933,28977],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28934,28935,28937,28939,28941,28943,28945,28947,28949,28951,28953,28955,28957,28959,28961,28963,28965,28967,28969,28971,28973,28975],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28936,8825],{"class":50},[44,28938,55],{"class":54},[44,28940,10151],{"class":80},[44,28942,362],{"class":58},[44,28944,1110],{"class":62},[44,28946,362],{"class":58},[44,28948,2539],{"class":80},[44,28950,5162],{"class":1675},[44,28952,2646],{"class":80},[44,28954,59],{"class":58},[44,28956,11407],{"class":62},[44,28958,362],{"class":58},[44,28960,2539],{"class":80},[44,28962,2649],{"class":1675},[44,28964,2646],{"class":80},[44,28966,59],{"class":58},[44,28968,21744],{"class":62},[44,28970,362],{"class":58},[44,28972,2539],{"class":80},[44,28974,2104],{"class":1675},[44,28976,8969],{"class":80},[44,28978,28979,28981,28983,28985,28987,28989],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,28980,95],{"class":94},[44,28982,98],{"class":80},[44,28984,8864],{"class":84},[44,28986,81],{"class":80},[44,28988,28215],{"class":84},[44,28990,201],{"class":80},[20,28992,28993],{},[830,28994,107],{},[35,28996,28998],{"className":37,"code":28997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('z', 3)\n",[15,28999,29000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29001,29002,29004,29006,29008,29010,29012,29014],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29003,98],{"class":80},[44,29005,655],{"class":58},[44,29007,21744],{"class":62},[44,29009,655],{"class":58},[44,29011,2646],{"class":80},[44,29013,2104],{"class":1675},[44,29015,104],{"class":80},[20,29017,29018],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29020,29021,29022,29024,29025,29027],{},"As a beginner, do ",[830,29023,832],{}," think of ",[15,29026,12432],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29029,29030,29031,839,29035,16737,29039,81],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[243,29032,29033],{"href":16740},[15,29034,16743],{},[243,29036,29037],{"href":16727},[15,29038,16730],{},[243,29040,29041],{"href":16733},[15,29042,16736],{},[30,29044,29046,29047,4057,29049],{"id":29045},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29048,12432],{},[15,29050,12425],{},[20,29052,29053,4057,29055,29057],{},[15,29054,12432],{},[15,29056,12425],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[267,29059,29060],{"id":28215},[15,29061,12432],{},[139,29063,29064,29067,29070],{},[142,29065,29066],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[142,29068,29069],{},"does not need a key argument",[142,29071,3352,29072],{},[15,29073,21322],{},[267,29075,29076],{"id":25909},[15,29077,12425],{},[139,29079,29080,29083,29086],{},[142,29081,29082],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[142,29084,29085],{},"needs the key name",[142,29087,29088],{},"returns only the value",[20,29090,161],{},[35,29092,29094],{"className":37,"code":29093,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29095,29096,29140,29144,29158,29178,29182,29204,29223,29227],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29097,29098,29100,29102,29104,29106,29108,29110,29112,29114,29116,29118,29120,29122,29124,29126,29128,29130,29132,29134,29136,29138],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29099,8825],{"class":50},[44,29101,55],{"class":54},[44,29103,10151],{"class":80},[44,29105,362],{"class":58},[44,29107,243],{"class":62},[44,29109,362],{"class":58},[44,29111,2539],{"class":80},[44,29113,5162],{"class":1675},[44,29115,2646],{"class":80},[44,29117,59],{"class":58},[44,29119,842],{"class":62},[44,29121,362],{"class":58},[44,29123,2539],{"class":80},[44,29125,2649],{"class":1675},[44,29127,2646],{"class":80},[44,29129,59],{"class":58},[44,29131,846],{"class":62},[44,29133,362],{"class":58},[44,29135,2539],{"class":80},[44,29137,2104],{"class":1675},[44,29139,8969],{"class":80},[44,29141,29142],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,29143,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,29145,29146,29148,29150,29152,29154,29156],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,29147,28206],{"class":50},[44,29149,55],{"class":54},[44,29151,14229],{"class":50},[44,29153,81],{"class":80},[44,29155,28215],{"class":84},[44,29157,88],{"class":80},[44,29159,29160,29162,29164,29166,29169,29171,29173,29176],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,29161,95],{"class":94},[44,29163,98],{"class":80},[44,29165,362],{"class":58},[44,29167,29168],{"class":62},"popitem():",[44,29170,362],{"class":58},[44,29172,2646],{"class":80},[44,29174,29175],{"class":84}," item",[44,29177,104],{"class":80},[44,29179,29180],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,29181,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,29183,29184,29186,29188,29190,29192,29194,29196,29198,29200,29202],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,29185,2099],{"class":50},[44,29187,55],{"class":54},[44,29189,14229],{"class":50},[44,29191,81],{"class":80},[44,29193,25909],{"class":84},[44,29195,98],{"class":80},[44,29197,362],{"class":58},[44,29199,243],{"class":62},[44,29201,362],{"class":58},[44,29203,104],{"class":80},[44,29205,29206,29208,29210,29212,29215,29217,29219,29221],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,29207,95],{"class":94},[44,29209,98],{"class":80},[44,29211,362],{"class":58},[44,29213,29214],{"class":62},"pop('a'):",[44,29216,362],{"class":58},[44,29218,2646],{"class":80},[44,29220,8094],{"class":84},[44,29222,104],{"class":80},[44,29224,29225],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,29226,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,29228,29229,29231,29233,29235],{"class":46,"line":6095},[44,29230,95],{"class":94},[44,29232,98],{"class":80},[44,29234,8864],{"class":84},[44,29236,104],{"class":80},[20,29238,29239],{},[830,29240,107],{},[35,29242,29244],{"className":37,"code":29243,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29245,29246,29267,29284],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29247,29248,29250,29253,29255,29257,29259,29261,29263,29265],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29249,28215],{"class":84},[44,29251,29252],{"class":80},"():",[44,29254,8896],{"class":80},[44,29256,655],{"class":58},[44,29258,846],{"class":62},[44,29260,655],{"class":58},[44,29262,2646],{"class":80},[44,29264,2104],{"class":1675},[44,29266,104],{"class":80},[44,29268,29269,29271,29273,29275,29277,29279,29281],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,29270,25909],{"class":84},[44,29272,98],{"class":80},[44,29274,655],{"class":58},[44,29276,243],{"class":62},[44,29278,655],{"class":58},[44,29280,16116],{"class":80},[44,29282,29283],{"class":1675}," 1\n",[44,29285,29286,29288,29290,29292,29294,29296,29298],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,29287,8938],{"class":80},[44,29289,655],{"class":58},[44,29291,842],{"class":62},[44,29293,655],{"class":58},[44,29295,2539],{"class":80},[44,29297,2649],{"class":1675},[44,29299,8969],{"class":80},[20,29301,119,29302,29306],{},[243,29303,29304],{"href":12229},[15,29305,12425],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29308,119,29309,29311],{},[15,29310,12432],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[30,29313,29315],{"id":29314},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29317,29318,29319,29321],{},"Calling ",[15,29320,12432],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[35,29323,29325],{"className":37,"code":29324,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29326,29327,29335],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29328,29329,29331,29333],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29330,8825],{"class":50},[44,29332,55],{"class":54},[44,29334,9498],{"class":80},[44,29336,29337,29339,29341,29343],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,29338,8864],{"class":50},[44,29340,81],{"class":80},[44,29342,28215],{"class":84},[44,29344,88],{"class":80},[20,29346,29347],{},[830,29348,29349],{},"Error:",[35,29351,29353],{"className":37,"code":29352,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29354,29355],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29356,29357,29359,29361,29363,29366],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29358,19354],{"class":1461},[44,29360,2539],{"class":80},[44,29362,2955],{"class":58},[44,29364,29365],{"class":62},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[44,29367,664],{"class":58},[267,29369,29371],{"id":29370},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[35,29373,29375],{"className":37,"code":29374,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29376,29377,29385,29389,29397,29412,29422,29428],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29378,29379,29381,29383],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29380,8825],{"class":50},[44,29382,55],{"class":54},[44,29384,9498],{"class":80},[44,29386,29387],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,29388,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,29390,29391,29393,29395],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,29392,525],{"class":524},[44,29394,14229],{"class":50},[44,29396,548],{"class":80},[44,29398,29399,29402,29404,29406,29408,29410],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,29400,29401],{"class":50},"    item ",[44,29403,55],{"class":54},[44,29405,14229],{"class":50},[44,29407,81],{"class":80},[44,29409,28215],{"class":84},[44,29411,88],{"class":80},[44,29413,29414,29416,29418,29420],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,29415,553],{"class":94},[44,29417,98],{"class":80},[44,29419,22978],{"class":84},[44,29421,104],{"class":80},[44,29423,29424,29426],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,29425,27101],{"class":524},[44,29427,548],{"class":80},[44,29429,29430,29432,29434,29436,29439,29441],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,29431,553],{"class":94},[44,29433,98],{"class":80},[44,29435,362],{"class":58},[44,29437,29438],{"class":62},"Dictionary is empty",[44,29440,362],{"class":58},[44,29442,104],{"class":80},[267,29444,29446,29447],{"id":29445},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29448,29449],{},"try-except",[35,29451,29453],{"className":37,"code":29452,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29454,29455,29463,29467,29474,29488,29498,29508],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29456,29457,29459,29461],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29458,8825],{"class":50},[44,29460,55],{"class":54},[44,29462,9498],{"class":80},[44,29464,29465],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,29466,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,29468,29469,29472],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,29470,29471],{"class":524},"try",[44,29473,548],{"class":80},[44,29475,29476,29478,29480,29482,29484,29486],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,29477,29401],{"class":50},[44,29479,55],{"class":54},[44,29481,14229],{"class":50},[44,29483,81],{"class":80},[44,29485,28215],{"class":84},[44,29487,88],{"class":80},[44,29489,29490,29492,29494,29496],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,29491,553],{"class":94},[44,29493,98],{"class":80},[44,29495,22978],{"class":84},[44,29497,104],{"class":80},[44,29499,29500,29503,29506],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,29501,29502],{"class":524},"except",[44,29504,29505],{"class":1461}," KeyError",[44,29507,548],{"class":80},[44,29509,29510,29512,29514,29516,29519,29521],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,29511,553],{"class":94},[44,29513,98],{"class":80},[44,29515,362],{"class":58},[44,29517,29518],{"class":62},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[44,29520,362],{"class":58},[44,29522,104],{"class":80},[20,29524,29525,29526,81],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[243,29527,25347,29529],{"href":29528},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29530,29531],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[30,29533,1133,29535],{"id":29534},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29536,12432],{},[20,29538,29539,29541],{},[15,29540,12432],{}," is useful when:",[139,29543,29544,29547,29550],{},[142,29545,29546],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[142,29548,29549],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[142,29551,29552],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29554,29555],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[35,29557,29559],{"className":37,"code":29558,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,29560,29561,29570,29590,29610,29628,29632,29636,29646,29665],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29562,29563,29566,29568],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29564,29565],{"class":50},"tasks ",[44,29567,55],{"class":54},[44,29569,11154],{"class":80},[44,29571,29572,29574,29577,29579,29581,29583,29586,29588],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,29573,11159],{"class":58},[44,29575,29576],{"class":62},"first",[44,29578,362],{"class":58},[44,29580,2539],{"class":80},[44,29582,59],{"class":58},[44,29584,29585],{"class":62},"wash dishes",[44,29587,362],{"class":58},[44,29589,11175],{"class":80},[44,29591,29592,29594,29597,29599,29601,29603,29606,29608],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,29593,11159],{"class":58},[44,29595,29596],{"class":62},"second",[44,29598,362],{"class":58},[44,29600,2539],{"class":80},[44,29602,59],{"class":58},[44,29604,29605],{"class":62},"do homework",[44,29607,362],{"class":58},[44,29609,11175],{"class":80},[44,29611,29612,29614,29617,29619,29621,29623,29626],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,29613,11159],{"class":58},[44,29615,29616],{"class":62},"third",[44,29618,362],{"class":58},[44,29620,2539],{"class":80},[44,29622,59],{"class":58},[44,29624,29625],{"class":62},"read book",[44,29627,66],{"class":58},[44,29629,29630],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,29631,8969],{"class":80},[44,29633,29634],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,29635,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,29637,29638,29641,29644],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,29639,29640],{"class":524},"while",[44,29642,29643],{"class":50}," tasks",[44,29645,548],{"class":80},[44,29647,29648,29651,29653,29655,29657,29659,29661,29663],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,29649,29650],{"class":50},"    key",[44,29652,2646],{"class":80},[44,29654,21252],{"class":50},[44,29656,55],{"class":54},[44,29658,29643],{"class":50},[44,29660,81],{"class":80},[44,29662,28215],{"class":84},[44,29664,88],{"class":80},[44,29666,29667,29669,29671,29673,29675,29677,29679,29681,29683,29685,29687,29689,29691],{"class":46,"line":6095},[44,29668,553],{"class":94},[44,29670,98],{"class":80},[44,29672,21961],{"class":1717},[44,29674,362],{"class":62},[44,29676,8938],{"class":1675},[44,29678,14504],{"class":84},[44,29680,21970],{"class":1675},[44,29682,21973],{"class":62},[44,29684,8938],{"class":1675},[44,29686,2126],{"class":84},[44,29688,21970],{"class":1675},[44,29690,362],{"class":62},[44,29692,104],{"class":80},[20,29694,29695],{},[830,29696,29697],{},"Possible output:",[35,29699,29701],{"className":37,"code":29700,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,29702,29703,29712,29721],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29704,29705,29707,29709],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29706,29616],{"class":50},[44,29708,2539],{"class":80},[44,29710,29711],{"class":50}," read book\n",[44,29713,29714,29716,29718],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,29715,29596],{"class":50},[44,29717,2539],{"class":80},[44,29719,29720],{"class":50}," do homework\n",[44,29722,29723,29725,29727],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,29724,29576],{"class":50},[44,29726,2539],{"class":80},[44,29728,29729],{"class":50}," wash dishes\n",[20,29731,28729,29732,29734],{},[15,29733,12432],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[30,29736,1238],{"id":1237},[20,29738,14396,29739,2539],{},[15,29740,12432],{},[139,29742,29743,29757,29776,29787],{},[142,29744,29745,29750],{},[830,29746,29318,29747,29749],{},[15,29748,12432],{}," on an empty dictionary",[139,29751,29752],{},[142,29753,29754,29755,81],{},"This raises ",[15,29756,19354],{},[142,29758,29759,29764],{},[830,29760,1246,29761,29763],{},[15,29762,12432],{}," to remove a specific key",[139,29765,29766,29769],{},[142,29767,29768],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[142,29770,119,29771,29775],{},[243,29772,29773],{"href":12229},[15,29774,12425],{}," if you need that.",[142,29777,29778,29782],{},[830,29779,1262,29780,27367],{},[15,29781,12432],{},[139,29783,29784],{},[142,29785,29786],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[142,29788,29789,29792],{},[830,29790,29791],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[139,29793,29794],{},[142,29795,29796,21642,29798,29800],{},[15,29797,12432],{},[15,29799,21322],{}," tuple.",[20,29802,29803],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[35,29805,29807],{"className":37,"code":29806,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,29808,29809,29819,29833,29837,29851],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29810,29811,29813,29815,29817],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29812,95],{"class":94},[44,29814,98],{"class":80},[44,29816,11110],{"class":84},[44,29818,104],{"class":80},[44,29820,29821,29823,29825,29827,29829,29831],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,29822,95],{"class":94},[44,29824,98],{"class":80},[44,29826,10822],{"class":94},[44,29828,98],{"class":80},[44,29830,11110],{"class":84},[44,29832,370],{"class":80},[44,29834,29835],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,29836,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,29838,29839,29841,29843,29845,29847,29849],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,29840,28206],{"class":50},[44,29842,55],{"class":54},[44,29844,11428],{"class":50},[44,29846,81],{"class":80},[44,29848,28215],{"class":84},[44,29850,88],{"class":80},[44,29852,29853,29855,29857,29859],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,29854,95],{"class":94},[44,29856,98],{"class":80},[44,29858,22978],{"class":84},[44,29860,104],{"class":80},[20,29862,29863],{},"Or with unpacking:",[35,29865,29867],{"className":37,"code":29866,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,29868,29869,29887,29897],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29870,29871,29873,29875,29877,29879,29881,29883,29885],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29872,14504],{"class":50},[44,29874,2646],{"class":80},[44,29876,21252],{"class":50},[44,29878,55],{"class":54},[44,29880,11428],{"class":50},[44,29882,81],{"class":80},[44,29884,28215],{"class":84},[44,29886,88],{"class":80},[44,29888,29889,29891,29893,29895],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,29890,95],{"class":94},[44,29892,98],{"class":80},[44,29894,14504],{"class":84},[44,29896,104],{"class":80},[44,29898,29899,29901,29903,29905],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,29900,95],{"class":94},[44,29902,98],{"class":80},[44,29904,2126],{"class":84},[44,29906,104],{"class":80},[30,29908,1478],{"id":1477},[267,29910,1504,29912,4807],{"id":29911},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,29913,12432],{},[20,29915,29916,29917,81],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,29918,29919],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[267,29921,1482,29923,29925],{"id":29922},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,29924,12432],{}," remove the last item?",[20,29927,29928],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[267,29930,29932,29933,29935],{"id":29931},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,29934,12432],{}," removes?",[20,29937,29938,29939,29943],{},"No. Use ",[243,29940,29941],{"href":12229},[15,29942,12425],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[267,29945,1482,29947,14559],{"id":29946},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,29948,12432],{},[20,29950,29951],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[267,29953,29955,29956,29958],{"id":29954},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,29957,12432],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,29960,29961,29962,29964,29965,81],{},"It raises ",[15,29963,19354],{}," with the message ",[15,29966,29365],{},[30,29968,1545],{"id":1544},[139,29970,29971,29978,29984,29990,29996,30003,30007,30011],{},[142,29972,29973],{},[243,29974,29975,29977],{"href":12229},[15,29976,12425],{}," method for dictionaries",[142,29979,29980],{},[243,29981,29982,29977],{"href":16740},[15,29983,16743],{},[142,29985,29986],{},[243,29987,29988,29977],{"href":16727},[15,29989,16730],{},[142,29991,29992],{},[243,29993,29994,29977],{"href":16733},[15,29995,16736],{},[142,29997,29998],{},[243,29999,30001,29977],{"href":30000},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30002,10982],{},[142,30004,30005],{},[243,30006,12449],{"href":12236},[142,30008,30009],{},[243,30010,21125],{"href":16261},[142,30012,30013],{},[243,30014,30015,30016],{"href":29528},"Fix ",[15,30017,29531],{},[1577,30019,30020],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":30022},[30023,30024,30026,30027,30028,30029,30030,30031,30036,30041,30043,30044,30056],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":28302,"depth":69,"text":30025},"What popitem() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":28372,"depth":69,"text":28373},{"id":11135,"depth":69,"text":11136},{"id":28725,"depth":69,"text":28726},{"id":28917,"depth":69,"text":28918},{"id":29045,"depth":69,"text":30032,"children":30033},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30034,30035],{"id":28215,"depth":91,"text":12432},{"id":25909,"depth":91,"text":12425},{"id":29314,"depth":69,"text":29315,"children":30037},[30038,30039],{"id":29370,"depth":91,"text":29371},{"id":29445,"depth":91,"text":30040},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29534,"depth":69,"text":30042},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":30045},[30046,30048,30050,30052,30054],{"id":29911,"depth":91,"text":30047},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":29922,"depth":91,"text":30049},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":29931,"depth":91,"text":30051},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":29946,"depth":91,"text":30053},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":29954,"depth":91,"text":30055},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28041,"description":30057},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30064,"title":30065,"body":30066,"description":31967,"extension":1611,"meta":31968,"navigation":184,"path":13696,"seo":31969,"stem":31970,"__hash__":31971},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30067,"toc":31939},[30068,30073,30078,30081,30083,30180,30185,30190,30195,30198,30206,30209,30224,30226,30326,30328,30385,30389,30391,30394,30414,30419,30430,30433,30460,30463,30465,30522,30524,30545,30551,30555,30558,30569,30571,30679,30681,30734,30736,30748,30755,30761,30766,30769,30857,30859,30904,30907,30915,30918,30921,30990,30993,30996,31000,31003,31074,31076,31129,31132,31135,31138,31153,31156,31168,31171,31234,31236,31242,31244,31246,31325,31327,31368,31370,31435,31437,31474,31479,31484,31488,31502,31505,31628,31630,31715,31720,31722,31726,31748,31751,31830,31833,31852,31857,31859,31865,31870,31876,31879,31885,31888,31894,31899,31905,31911,31913,31936],[10,30069,10979,30071,18],{"id":30070},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30072,14617],{},[20,30074,1628,30075,30077],{},[15,30076,14617],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30079,30080],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[30,30082,1653],{"id":1652},[35,30084,30086],{"className":37,"code":30085,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30087,30088,30124,30165,30175],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30089,30090,30092,30094,30096,30098,30100,30102,30104,30106,30108,30110,30112,30114,30116,30118,30120,30122],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30091,12867],{"class":50},[44,30093,55],{"class":54},[44,30095,10151],{"class":80},[44,30097,362],{"class":58},[44,30099,302],{"class":62},[44,30101,362],{"class":58},[44,30103,2539],{"class":80},[44,30105,59],{"class":58},[44,30107,12543],{"class":62},[44,30109,362],{"class":58},[44,30111,2646],{"class":80},[44,30113,59],{"class":58},[44,30115,8959],{"class":62},[44,30117,362],{"class":58},[44,30119,2539],{"class":80},[44,30121,7452],{"class":1675},[44,30123,8969],{"class":80},[44,30125,30126,30128,30130,30133,30135,30137,30139,30141,30143,30146,30148,30150,30152,30154,30156,30158,30160,30162],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,30127,16972],{"class":50},[44,30129,81],{"class":80},[44,30131,30132],{"class":84},"update",[44,30134,5194],{"class":80},[44,30136,362],{"class":58},[44,30138,8959],{"class":62},[44,30140,362],{"class":58},[44,30142,2539],{"class":80},[44,30144,30145],{"class":1675}," 21",[44,30147,2646],{"class":80},[44,30149,59],{"class":58},[44,30151,10069],{"class":62},[44,30153,362],{"class":58},[44,30155,2539],{"class":80},[44,30157,59],{"class":58},[44,30159,15695],{"class":62},[44,30161,362],{"class":58},[44,30163,30164],{"class":80},"})\n",[44,30166,30167,30169,30171,30173],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,30168,95],{"class":94},[44,30170,98],{"class":80},[44,30172,16972],{"class":84},[44,30174,104],{"class":80},[44,30176,30177],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,30178,30179],{"class":3324},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30181,119,30182,30184],{},[15,30183,14617],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[30,30186,126,30188,129],{"id":30187},"what-update-does",[15,30189,14617],{},[20,30191,30192,30194],{},[15,30193,14617],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30196,30197],{},"It can do two main things:",[139,30199,30200,30203],{},[142,30201,30202],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[142,30204,30205],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30207,30208],{},"Important things to know:",[139,30210,30211,30214,30217,30221],{},[142,30212,30213],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[142,30215,30216],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[142,30218,4810,30219],{},[15,30220,3439],{},[142,30222,30223],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30225,161],{},[35,30227,30229],{"className":37,"code":30228,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30230,30231,30273,30316],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30232,30233,30235,30237,30239,30241,30243,30245,30247,30249,30252,30254,30256,30258,30260,30262,30264,30266,30269,30271],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30234,12526],{"class":50},[44,30236,55],{"class":54},[44,30238,10151],{"class":80},[44,30240,362],{"class":58},[44,30242,302],{"class":62},[44,30244,362],{"class":58},[44,30246,2539],{"class":80},[44,30248,59],{"class":58},[44,30250,30251],{"class":62},"Mira",[44,30253,362],{"class":58},[44,30255,2646],{"class":80},[44,30257,59],{"class":58},[44,30259,19558],{"class":62},[44,30261,362],{"class":58},[44,30263,2539],{"class":80},[44,30265,59],{"class":58},[44,30267,30268],{"class":62},"B",[44,30270,362],{"class":58},[44,30272,8969],{"class":80},[44,30274,30275,30277,30279,30281,30283,30285,30287,30289,30291,30293,30295,30297,30299,30301,30303,30305,30307,30309,30312,30314],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,30276,13289],{"class":50},[44,30278,81],{"class":80},[44,30280,30132],{"class":84},[44,30282,5194],{"class":80},[44,30284,362],{"class":58},[44,30286,19558],{"class":62},[44,30288,362],{"class":58},[44,30290,2539],{"class":80},[44,30292,59],{"class":58},[44,30294,21912],{"class":62},[44,30296,362],{"class":58},[44,30298,2646],{"class":80},[44,30300,59],{"class":58},[44,30302,10069],{"class":62},[44,30304,362],{"class":58},[44,30306,2539],{"class":80},[44,30308,59],{"class":58},[44,30310,30311],{"class":62},"Quito",[44,30313,362],{"class":58},[44,30315,30164],{"class":80},[44,30317,30318,30320,30322,30324],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,30319,95],{"class":94},[44,30321,98],{"class":80},[44,30323,13289],{"class":84},[44,30325,104],{"class":80},[20,30327,107],{},[35,30329,30331],{"className":37,"code":30330,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30332,30333],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30334,30335,30337,30339,30341,30343,30345,30347,30349,30351,30353,30355,30357,30359,30361,30363,30365,30367,30369,30371,30373,30375,30377,30379,30381,30383],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30336,8938],{"class":80},[44,30338,655],{"class":58},[44,30340,302],{"class":62},[44,30342,655],{"class":58},[44,30344,2539],{"class":80},[44,30346,2955],{"class":58},[44,30348,30251],{"class":62},[44,30350,655],{"class":58},[44,30352,2646],{"class":80},[44,30354,2955],{"class":58},[44,30356,19558],{"class":62},[44,30358,655],{"class":58},[44,30360,2539],{"class":80},[44,30362,2955],{"class":58},[44,30364,21912],{"class":62},[44,30366,655],{"class":58},[44,30368,2646],{"class":80},[44,30370,2955],{"class":58},[44,30372,10069],{"class":62},[44,30374,655],{"class":58},[44,30376,2539],{"class":80},[44,30378,2955],{"class":58},[44,30380,30311],{"class":62},[44,30382,655],{"class":58},[44,30384,8969],{"class":80},[20,30386,8811,30387,81],{},[243,30388,24296],{"href":9051},[30,30390,250],{"id":249},[20,30392,30393],{},"The basic form is:",[35,30395,30397],{"className":37,"code":30396,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30398,30399],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30400,30401,30403,30405,30407,30409,30412],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30402,15268],{"class":50},[44,30404,81],{"class":80},[44,30406,30132],{"class":84},[44,30408,98],{"class":80},[44,30410,30411],{"class":84},"other",[44,30413,104],{"class":80},[20,30415,30416,30418],{},[15,30417,30411],{}," can be:",[139,30420,30421,30424,30427],{},[142,30422,30423],{},"Another dictionary",[142,30425,30426],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[142,30428,30429],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30431,30432],{},"You can also use:",[35,30434,30436],{"className":37,"code":30435,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30437,30438],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30439,30440,30442,30444,30446,30448,30450,30452,30454,30456,30458],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30441,15268],{"class":50},[44,30443,81],{"class":80},[44,30445,30132],{"class":84},[44,30447,98],{"class":80},[44,30449,302],{"class":8835},[44,30451,55],{"class":54},[44,30453,362],{"class":58},[44,30455,7338],{"class":62},[44,30457,362],{"class":58},[44,30459,104],{"class":80},[20,30461,30462],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30464,161],{},[35,30466,30468],{"className":37,"code":30467,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30469,30470,30490,30512],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30471,30472,30474,30476,30478,30480,30482,30484,30486,30488],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30473,8825],{"class":50},[44,30475,55],{"class":54},[44,30477,10151],{"class":80},[44,30479,362],{"class":58},[44,30481,243],{"class":62},[44,30483,362],{"class":58},[44,30485,2539],{"class":80},[44,30487,5162],{"class":1675},[44,30489,8969],{"class":80},[44,30491,30492,30494,30496,30498,30500,30502,30504,30506,30508,30510],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,30493,8864],{"class":50},[44,30495,81],{"class":80},[44,30497,30132],{"class":84},[44,30499,5194],{"class":80},[44,30501,362],{"class":58},[44,30503,243],{"class":62},[44,30505,362],{"class":58},[44,30507,2539],{"class":80},[44,30509,5670],{"class":1675},[44,30511,30164],{"class":80},[44,30513,30514,30516,30518,30520],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,30515,95],{"class":94},[44,30517,98],{"class":80},[44,30519,8864],{"class":84},[44,30521,104],{"class":80},[20,30523,107],{},[35,30525,30527],{"className":37,"code":30526,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30528,30529],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30530,30531,30533,30535,30537,30539,30541,30543],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30532,8938],{"class":80},[44,30534,655],{"class":58},[44,30536,243],{"class":62},[44,30538,655],{"class":58},[44,30540,2539],{"class":80},[44,30542,5670],{"class":1675},[44,30544,8969],{"class":80},[30,30546,675,30548,30550],{"id":30547},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30549,14617],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30552,406,30553,81],{},[15,30554,14617],{},[20,30556,30557],{},"It is useful when:",[139,30559,30560,30563,30566],{},[142,30561,30562],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[142,30564,30565],{},"Adding extra settings",[142,30567,30568],{},"Updating stored data",[20,30570,161],{},[35,30572,30574],{"className":37,"code":30573,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,30575,30576,30613,30650,30654,30669],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30577,30578,30580,30582,30584,30586,30588,30590,30592,30594,30596,30598,30600,30602,30604,30606,30608,30611],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30579,13489],{"class":50},[44,30581,55],{"class":54},[44,30583,10151],{"class":80},[44,30585,362],{"class":58},[44,30587,12157],{"class":62},[44,30589,362],{"class":58},[44,30591,2539],{"class":80},[44,30593,59],{"class":58},[44,30595,20595],{"class":62},[44,30597,362],{"class":58},[44,30599,2646],{"class":80},[44,30601,59],{"class":58},[44,30603,13514],{"class":62},[44,30605,362],{"class":58},[44,30607,2539],{"class":80},[44,30609,30610],{"class":1675}," 12",[44,30612,8969],{"class":80},[44,30614,30615,30618,30620,30622,30624,30626,30628,30630,30632,30634,30636,30638,30640,30642,30644,30646,30648],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,30616,30617],{"class":50},"new_settings ",[44,30619,55],{"class":54},[44,30621,10151],{"class":80},[44,30623,362],{"class":58},[44,30625,13514],{"class":62},[44,30627,362],{"class":58},[44,30629,2539],{"class":80},[44,30631,13521],{"class":1675},[44,30633,2646],{"class":80},[44,30635,59],{"class":58},[44,30637,19790],{"class":62},[44,30639,362],{"class":58},[44,30641,2539],{"class":80},[44,30643,59],{"class":58},[44,30645,19824],{"class":62},[44,30647,362],{"class":58},[44,30649,8969],{"class":80},[44,30651,30652],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,30653,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,30655,30656,30658,30660,30662,30664,30667],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,30657,13548],{"class":50},[44,30659,81],{"class":80},[44,30661,30132],{"class":84},[44,30663,98],{"class":80},[44,30665,30666],{"class":84},"new_settings",[44,30668,104],{"class":80},[44,30670,30671,30673,30675,30677],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,30672,95],{"class":94},[44,30674,98],{"class":80},[44,30676,13548],{"class":84},[44,30678,104],{"class":80},[20,30680,107],{},[35,30682,30684],{"className":37,"code":30683,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,30685,30686],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30687,30688,30690,30692,30694,30696,30698,30700,30702,30704,30706,30708,30710,30712,30714,30716,30718,30720,30722,30724,30726,30728,30730,30732],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30689,8938],{"class":80},[44,30691,655],{"class":58},[44,30693,12157],{"class":62},[44,30695,655],{"class":58},[44,30697,2539],{"class":80},[44,30699,2955],{"class":58},[44,30701,20595],{"class":62},[44,30703,655],{"class":58},[44,30705,2646],{"class":80},[44,30707,2955],{"class":58},[44,30709,13514],{"class":62},[44,30711,655],{"class":58},[44,30713,2539],{"class":80},[44,30715,13521],{"class":1675},[44,30717,2646],{"class":80},[44,30719,2955],{"class":58},[44,30721,19790],{"class":62},[44,30723,655],{"class":58},[44,30725,2539],{"class":80},[44,30727,2955],{"class":58},[44,30729,19824],{"class":62},[44,30731,655],{"class":58},[44,30733,8969],{"class":80},[20,30735,13072],{},[139,30737,30738,30743],{},[142,30739,30740,30742],{},[15,30741,13514],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[142,30744,30745,30747],{},[15,30746,19790],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,30749,30750,30751,81],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[243,30752,30754],{"href":30753},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[30,30756,675,30758,30760],{"id":30757},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,30759,14617],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,30762,30763,30765],{},[15,30764,14617],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,30767,30768],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[35,30770,30772],{"className":37,"code":30771,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,30773,30774,30794,30829,30833,30847],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30775,30776,30778,30780,30782,30784,30786,30788,30790,30792],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30777,4726],{"class":50},[44,30779,55],{"class":54},[44,30781,10151],{"class":80},[44,30783,362],{"class":58},[44,30785,18083],{"class":62},[44,30787,362],{"class":58},[44,30789,2539],{"class":80},[44,30791,19565],{"class":1675},[44,30793,8969],{"class":80},[44,30795,30796,30798,30800,30802,30804,30806,30808,30810,30812,30814,30816,30818,30821,30823,30825,30827],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,30797,8875],{"class":50},[44,30799,55],{"class":54},[44,30801,8880],{"class":80},[44,30803,362],{"class":58},[44,30805,18092],{"class":62},[44,30807,362],{"class":58},[44,30809,2646],{"class":80},[44,30811,13170],{"class":1675},[44,30813,8893],{"class":80},[44,30815,8896],{"class":80},[44,30817,362],{"class":58},[44,30819,30820],{"class":62},"english",[44,30822,362],{"class":58},[44,30824,2646],{"class":80},[44,30826,28588],{"class":1675},[44,30828,8909],{"class":80},[44,30830,30831],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,30832,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,30834,30835,30837,30839,30841,30843,30845],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,30836,16053],{"class":50},[44,30838,81],{"class":80},[44,30840,30132],{"class":84},[44,30842,98],{"class":80},[44,30844,8922],{"class":84},[44,30846,104],{"class":80},[44,30848,30849,30851,30853,30855],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,30850,95],{"class":94},[44,30852,98],{"class":80},[44,30854,16053],{"class":84},[44,30856,104],{"class":80},[20,30858,107],{},[35,30860,30862],{"className":37,"code":30861,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,30863,30864],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30865,30866,30868,30870,30872,30874,30876,30878,30880,30882,30884,30886,30888,30890,30892,30894,30896,30898,30900,30902],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30867,8938],{"class":80},[44,30869,655],{"class":58},[44,30871,18083],{"class":62},[44,30873,655],{"class":58},[44,30875,2539],{"class":80},[44,30877,19565],{"class":1675},[44,30879,2646],{"class":80},[44,30881,2955],{"class":58},[44,30883,18092],{"class":62},[44,30885,655],{"class":58},[44,30887,2539],{"class":80},[44,30889,13170],{"class":1675},[44,30891,2646],{"class":80},[44,30893,2955],{"class":58},[44,30895,30820],{"class":62},[44,30897,655],{"class":58},[44,30899,2539],{"class":80},[44,30901,28588],{"class":1675},[44,30903,8969],{"class":80},[20,30905,30906],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[139,30908,30909,30912],{},[142,30910,30911],{},"The key",[142,30913,30914],{},"The value",[20,30916,30917],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,30919,30920],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[35,30922,30924],{"className":37,"code":30923,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,30925,30926,30946,30971,30975],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30927,30928,30930,30932,30934,30936,30938,30940,30942,30944],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30929,8825],{"class":50},[44,30931,55],{"class":54},[44,30933,10151],{"class":80},[44,30935,362],{"class":58},[44,30937,243],{"class":62},[44,30939,362],{"class":58},[44,30941,2539],{"class":80},[44,30943,5162],{"class":1675},[44,30945,8969],{"class":80},[44,30947,30948,30951,30953,30955,30957,30959,30961,30963,30965,30967,30969],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,30949,30950],{"class":50},"bad_pairs ",[44,30952,55],{"class":54},[44,30954,8880],{"class":80},[44,30956,362],{"class":58},[44,30958,842],{"class":62},[44,30960,362],{"class":58},[44,30962,2646],{"class":80},[44,30964,2649],{"class":1675},[44,30966,2646],{"class":80},[44,30968,2104],{"class":1675},[44,30970,8909],{"class":80},[44,30972,30973],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,30974,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,30976,30977,30979,30981,30983,30985,30988],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,30978,8864],{"class":50},[44,30980,81],{"class":80},[44,30982,30132],{"class":84},[44,30984,98],{"class":80},[44,30986,30987],{"class":84},"bad_pairs",[44,30989,104],{"class":80},[20,30991,30992],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,30994,30995],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[30,30997,30999],{"id":30998},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31001,31002],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[35,31004,31006],{"className":37,"code":31005,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31007,31008,31032,31064],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31009,31010,31012,31014,31016,31018,31020,31022,31024,31026,31028,31030],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31011,11149],{"class":50},[44,31013,55],{"class":54},[44,31015,10151],{"class":80},[44,31017,362],{"class":58},[44,31019,302],{"class":62},[44,31021,362],{"class":58},[44,31023,2539],{"class":80},[44,31025,59],{"class":58},[44,31027,28581],{"class":62},[44,31029,362],{"class":58},[44,31031,8969],{"class":80},[44,31033,31034,31036,31038,31040,31042,31044,31046,31048,31050,31053,31055,31057,31060,31062],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,31035,11243],{"class":50},[44,31037,81],{"class":80},[44,31039,30132],{"class":84},[44,31041,98],{"class":80},[44,31043,8959],{"class":8835},[44,31045,55],{"class":54},[44,31047,8853],{"class":1675},[44,31049,2646],{"class":80},[44,31051,31052],{"class":8835}," city",[44,31054,55],{"class":54},[44,31056,362],{"class":58},[44,31058,31059],{"class":62},"Madrid",[44,31061,362],{"class":58},[44,31063,104],{"class":80},[44,31065,31066,31068,31070,31072],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,31067,95],{"class":94},[44,31069,98],{"class":80},[44,31071,11243],{"class":84},[44,31073,104],{"class":80},[20,31075,107],{},[35,31077,31079],{"className":37,"code":31078,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31080,31081],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31082,31083,31085,31087,31089,31091,31093,31095,31097,31099,31101,31103,31105,31107,31109,31111,31113,31115,31117,31119,31121,31123,31125,31127],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31084,8938],{"class":80},[44,31086,655],{"class":58},[44,31088,302],{"class":62},[44,31090,655],{"class":58},[44,31092,2539],{"class":80},[44,31094,2955],{"class":58},[44,31096,28581],{"class":62},[44,31098,655],{"class":58},[44,31100,2646],{"class":80},[44,31102,2955],{"class":58},[44,31104,8959],{"class":62},[44,31106,655],{"class":58},[44,31108,2539],{"class":80},[44,31110,8966],{"class":1675},[44,31112,2646],{"class":80},[44,31114,2955],{"class":58},[44,31116,10069],{"class":62},[44,31118,655],{"class":58},[44,31120,2539],{"class":80},[44,31122,2955],{"class":58},[44,31124,31059],{"class":62},[44,31126,655],{"class":58},[44,31128,8969],{"class":80},[20,31130,31131],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31133,31134],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31136,31137],{},"These work:",[139,31139,31140,31144,31148],{},[142,31141,31142],{},[15,31143,8959],{},[142,31145,31146],{},[15,31147,10069],{},[142,31149,31150],{},[15,31151,31152],{},"first_name",[20,31154,31155],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[139,31157,31158,31163],{},[142,31159,31160],{},[15,31161,31162],{},"\"first name\"",[142,31164,31165],{},[15,31166,31167],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31169,31170],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[35,31172,31174],{"className":37,"code":31173,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31175,31176,31184,31224],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31177,31178,31180,31182],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31179,11149],{"class":50},[44,31181,55],{"class":54},[44,31183,9498],{"class":80},[44,31185,31186,31188,31190,31192,31194,31196,31198,31200,31202,31204,31206,31208,31210,31212,31215,31217,31219,31222],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,31187,11243],{"class":50},[44,31189,81],{"class":80},[44,31191,30132],{"class":84},[44,31193,5194],{"class":80},[44,31195,362],{"class":58},[44,31197,10173],{"class":62},[44,31199,362],{"class":58},[44,31201,2539],{"class":80},[44,31203,59],{"class":58},[44,31205,28581],{"class":62},[44,31207,362],{"class":58},[44,31209,2646],{"class":80},[44,31211,59],{"class":58},[44,31213,31214],{"class":62},"user-id",[44,31216,362],{"class":58},[44,31218,2539],{"class":80},[44,31220,31221],{"class":1675}," 1001",[44,31223,30164],{"class":80},[44,31225,31226,31228,31230,31232],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,31227,95],{"class":94},[44,31229,98],{"class":80},[44,31231,11243],{"class":84},[44,31233,104],{"class":80},[30,31235,17084],{"id":17083},[20,31237,31238,2049,31240,81],{},[15,31239,14617],{},[15,31241,3439],{},[20,31243,13712],{},[20,31245,24376],{},[35,31247,31249],{"className":37,"code":31248,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31250,31251,31275,31301,31305,31315],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31252,31253,31255,31257,31259,31261,31263,31265,31267,31269,31271,31273],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31254,12867],{"class":50},[44,31256,55],{"class":54},[44,31258,10151],{"class":80},[44,31260,362],{"class":58},[44,31262,302],{"class":62},[44,31264,362],{"class":58},[44,31266,2539],{"class":80},[44,31268,59],{"class":58},[44,31270,12543],{"class":62},[44,31272,362],{"class":58},[44,31274,8969],{"class":80},[44,31276,31277,31279,31281,31283,31285,31287,31289,31291,31293,31295,31297,31299],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,31278,1880],{"class":50},[44,31280,55],{"class":54},[44,31282,12910],{"class":50},[44,31284,81],{"class":80},[44,31286,30132],{"class":84},[44,31288,5194],{"class":80},[44,31290,362],{"class":58},[44,31292,8959],{"class":62},[44,31294,362],{"class":58},[44,31296,2539],{"class":80},[44,31298,7452],{"class":1675},[44,31300,30164],{"class":80},[44,31302,31303],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,31304,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,31306,31307,31309,31311,31313],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,31308,95],{"class":94},[44,31310,98],{"class":80},[44,31312,1915],{"class":84},[44,31314,104],{"class":80},[44,31316,31317,31319,31321,31323],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,31318,95],{"class":94},[44,31320,98],{"class":80},[44,31322,16972],{"class":84},[44,31324,104],{"class":80},[20,31326,107],{},[35,31328,31330],{"className":37,"code":31329,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31331,31332,31336],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31333,31334],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31335,11470],{"class":3513},[44,31337,31338,31340,31342,31344,31346,31348,31350,31352,31354,31356,31358,31360,31362,31364,31366],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,31339,8938],{"class":80},[44,31341,655],{"class":58},[44,31343,302],{"class":62},[44,31345,655],{"class":58},[44,31347,2539],{"class":80},[44,31349,2955],{"class":58},[44,31351,12543],{"class":62},[44,31353,655],{"class":58},[44,31355,2646],{"class":80},[44,31357,2955],{"class":58},[44,31359,8959],{"class":62},[44,31361,655],{"class":58},[44,31363,2539],{"class":80},[44,31365,7452],{"class":1675},[44,31367,8969],{"class":80},[20,31369,16320],{},[35,31371,31373],{"className":37,"code":31372,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31374,31375,31399,31421,31425],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31376,31377,31379,31381,31383,31385,31387,31389,31391,31393,31395,31397],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31378,12867],{"class":50},[44,31380,55],{"class":54},[44,31382,10151],{"class":80},[44,31384,362],{"class":58},[44,31386,302],{"class":62},[44,31388,362],{"class":58},[44,31390,2539],{"class":80},[44,31392,59],{"class":58},[44,31394,12543],{"class":62},[44,31396,362],{"class":58},[44,31398,8969],{"class":80},[44,31400,31401,31403,31405,31407,31409,31411,31413,31415,31417,31419],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,31402,16972],{"class":50},[44,31404,81],{"class":80},[44,31406,30132],{"class":84},[44,31408,5194],{"class":80},[44,31410,362],{"class":58},[44,31412,8959],{"class":62},[44,31414,362],{"class":58},[44,31416,2539],{"class":80},[44,31418,7452],{"class":1675},[44,31420,30164],{"class":80},[44,31422,31423],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,31424,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,31426,31427,31429,31431,31433],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,31428,95],{"class":94},[44,31430,98],{"class":80},[44,31432,16972],{"class":84},[44,31434,104],{"class":80},[20,31436,107],{},[35,31438,31440],{"className":37,"code":31439,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31441,31442],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31443,31444,31446,31448,31450,31452,31454,31456,31458,31460,31462,31464,31466,31468,31470,31472],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31445,8938],{"class":80},[44,31447,655],{"class":58},[44,31449,302],{"class":62},[44,31451,655],{"class":58},[44,31453,2539],{"class":80},[44,31455,2955],{"class":58},[44,31457,12543],{"class":62},[44,31459,655],{"class":58},[44,31461,2646],{"class":80},[44,31463,2955],{"class":58},[44,31465,8959],{"class":62},[44,31467,655],{"class":58},[44,31469,2539],{"class":80},[44,31471,7452],{"class":1675},[44,31473,8969],{"class":80},[20,31475,31476,31477,81],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[243,31478,17570],{"href":10391},[30,31480,1133,31482],{"id":31481},"when-to-use-update",[15,31483,14617],{},[20,31485,119,31486,10261],{},[15,31487,14617],{},[139,31489,31490,31493,31496,31499],{},[142,31491,31492],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[142,31494,31495],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[142,31497,31498],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[142,31500,31501],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31503,31504],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[35,31506,31508],{"className":37,"code":31507,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31509,31510,31546,31561,31565,31604,31608,31618],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31511,31512,31514,31516,31518,31520,31522,31524,31526,31528,31530,31532,31534,31536,31538,31540,31542,31544],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31513,11748],{"class":50},[44,31515,55],{"class":54},[44,31517,10151],{"class":80},[44,31519,362],{"class":58},[44,31521,302],{"class":62},[44,31523,362],{"class":58},[44,31525,2539],{"class":80},[44,31527,59],{"class":58},[44,31529,12543],{"class":62},[44,31531,362],{"class":58},[44,31533,2646],{"class":80},[44,31535,59],{"class":58},[44,31537,8959],{"class":62},[44,31539,362],{"class":58},[44,31541,2539],{"class":80},[44,31543,7452],{"class":1675},[44,31545,8969],{"class":80},[44,31547,31548,31551,31553,31555,31557,31559],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,31549,31550],{"class":50},"updated ",[44,31552,55],{"class":54},[44,31554,11823],{"class":50},[44,31556,81],{"class":80},[44,31558,12574],{"class":84},[44,31560,88],{"class":80},[44,31562,31563],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,31564,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,31566,31567,31570,31572,31574,31576,31578,31580,31582,31584,31586,31588,31590,31592,31594,31596,31598,31600,31602],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,31568,31569],{"class":50},"updated",[44,31571,81],{"class":80},[44,31573,30132],{"class":84},[44,31575,5194],{"class":80},[44,31577,362],{"class":58},[44,31579,8959],{"class":62},[44,31581,362],{"class":58},[44,31583,2539],{"class":80},[44,31585,30145],{"class":1675},[44,31587,2646],{"class":80},[44,31589,59],{"class":58},[44,31591,10069],{"class":62},[44,31593,362],{"class":58},[44,31595,2539],{"class":80},[44,31597,59],{"class":58},[44,31599,15695],{"class":62},[44,31601,362],{"class":58},[44,31603,30164],{"class":80},[44,31605,31606],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,31607,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,31609,31610,31612,31614,31616],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,31611,95],{"class":94},[44,31613,98],{"class":80},[44,31615,11795],{"class":84},[44,31617,104],{"class":80},[44,31619,31620,31622,31624,31626],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,31621,95],{"class":94},[44,31623,98],{"class":80},[44,31625,31569],{"class":84},[44,31627,104],{"class":80},[20,31629,107],{},[35,31631,31633],{"className":37,"code":31632,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,31634,31635,31667],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31636,31637,31639,31641,31643,31645,31647,31649,31651,31653,31655,31657,31659,31661,31663,31665],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31638,8938],{"class":80},[44,31640,655],{"class":58},[44,31642,302],{"class":62},[44,31644,655],{"class":58},[44,31646,2539],{"class":80},[44,31648,2955],{"class":58},[44,31650,12543],{"class":62},[44,31652,655],{"class":58},[44,31654,2646],{"class":80},[44,31656,2955],{"class":58},[44,31658,8959],{"class":62},[44,31660,655],{"class":58},[44,31662,2539],{"class":80},[44,31664,7452],{"class":1675},[44,31666,8969],{"class":80},[44,31668,31669,31671,31673,31675,31677,31679,31681,31683,31685,31687,31689,31691,31693,31695,31697,31699,31701,31703,31705,31707,31709,31711,31713],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,31670,8938],{"class":80},[44,31672,655],{"class":58},[44,31674,302],{"class":62},[44,31676,655],{"class":58},[44,31678,2539],{"class":80},[44,31680,2955],{"class":58},[44,31682,12543],{"class":62},[44,31684,655],{"class":58},[44,31686,2646],{"class":80},[44,31688,2955],{"class":58},[44,31690,8959],{"class":62},[44,31692,655],{"class":58},[44,31694,2539],{"class":80},[44,31696,30145],{"class":1675},[44,31698,2646],{"class":80},[44,31700,2955],{"class":58},[44,31702,10069],{"class":62},[44,31704,655],{"class":58},[44,31706,2539],{"class":80},[44,31708,2955],{"class":58},[44,31710,15695],{"class":62},[44,31712,655],{"class":58},[44,31714,8969],{"class":80},[20,31716,31717,31718,81],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[243,31719,16262],{"href":16261},[30,31721,1238],{"id":1237},[20,31723,10407,31724,2539],{},[15,31725,14617],{},[139,31727,31728,31735,31739,31742,31745],{},[142,31729,12257,31730,31732,31733],{},[15,31731,14617],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,31734,3439],{},[142,31736,1246,31737,12265],{},[15,31738,14617],{},[142,31740,31741],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[142,31743,31744],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[142,31746,31747],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,31749,31750],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[35,31752,31754],{"className":37,"code":31753,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,31755,31756,31766,31780,31794,31816],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31757,31758,31760,31762,31764],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31759,95],{"class":94},[44,31761,98],{"class":80},[44,31763,11110],{"class":84},[44,31765,104],{"class":80},[44,31767,31768,31770,31772,31774,31776,31778],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,31769,95],{"class":94},[44,31771,98],{"class":80},[44,31773,2880],{"class":1461},[44,31775,98],{"class":80},[44,31777,8864],{"class":84},[44,31779,370],{"class":80},[44,31781,31782,31784,31786,31788,31790,31792],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,31783,95],{"class":94},[44,31785,98],{"class":80},[44,31787,7754],{"class":1461},[44,31789,98],{"class":80},[44,31791,8864],{"class":84},[44,31793,370],{"class":80},[44,31795,31796,31798,31800,31802,31804,31806,31808,31810,31812,31814],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,31797,95],{"class":94},[44,31799,98],{"class":80},[44,31801,11110],{"class":84},[44,31803,81],{"class":80},[44,31805,19417],{"class":84},[44,31807,98],{"class":80},[44,31809,655],{"class":58},[44,31811,14504],{"class":62},[44,31813,655],{"class":58},[44,31815,370],{"class":80},[44,31817,31818,31820,31822,31824,31826,31828],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,31819,1456],{"class":94},[44,31821,98],{"class":80},[44,31823,8480],{"class":1461},[44,31825,81],{"class":80},[44,31827,30132],{"class":1467},[44,31829,104],{"class":80},[20,31831,31832],{},"These can help you check:",[139,31834,31835,31838,31843,31846,31849],{},[142,31836,31837],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[142,31839,31840,31841],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,31842,14617],{},[142,31844,31845],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[142,31847,31848],{},"Whether a key exists",[142,31850,31851],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,31853,31854,31855,81],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[243,31856,10923],{"href":10734},[30,31858,1478],{"id":1477},[267,31860,1482,31862,31864],{"id":31861},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,31863,14617],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,31866,31867,31868,81],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,31869,3439],{},[267,31871,1482,31873,31875],{"id":31872},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,31874,14617],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,31877,31878],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[267,31880,4832,31882,31884],{"id":31881},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,31883,14617],{}," add new keys?",[20,31886,31887],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[267,31889,27996,31891,31893],{"id":31890},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,31892,14617],{}," with a list?",[20,31895,31896,31897,81],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,31898,10755],{},[267,31900,4842,31902,31904],{"id":31901},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,31903,14617],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,31906,31907,31908,31910],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,31909,14617],{}," can change many keys at once.",[30,31912,1545],{"id":1544},[139,31914,31915,31919,31923,31928,31932],{},[142,31916,31917],{},[243,31918,25763],{"href":9051},[142,31920,31921],{},[243,31922,10912],{"href":10391},[142,31924,31925],{},[243,31926,31927],{"href":30753},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[142,31929,31930],{},[243,31931,21125],{"href":16261},[142,31933,31934],{},[243,31935,10923],{"href":10734},[1577,31937,31938],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":31940},[31941,31942,31944,31945,31947,31949,31950,31951,31953,31954,31966],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":30187,"depth":69,"text":31943},"What update() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":30547,"depth":69,"text":31946},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":30757,"depth":69,"text":31948},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":30998,"depth":69,"text":30999},{"id":17083,"depth":69,"text":17084},{"id":31481,"depth":69,"text":31952},"When to use update()",{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":31955},[31956,31958,31960,31962,31964],{"id":31861,"depth":91,"text":31957},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":31872,"depth":91,"text":31959},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":31881,"depth":91,"text":31961},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":31890,"depth":91,"text":31963},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":31901,"depth":91,"text":31965},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30065,"description":31967},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":31973,"title":31974,"body":31975,"description":33961,"extension":1611,"meta":33962,"navigation":184,"path":22562,"seo":33963,"stem":33964,"__hash__":33965},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":31976,"toc":33924},[31977,31982,31988,31991,31993,32092,32094,32149,32154,32159,32173,32178,32180,32195,32197,32211,32224,32229,32235,32242,32244,32351,32353,32402,32408,32483,32485,32506,32508,32511,32616,32618,32673,32675,32703,32707,32712,32791,32793,32813,32815,32826,32836,32840,32845,32949,32951,32976,32979,32990,32995,33004,33007,33024,33026,33113,33115,33178,33180,33203,33205,33210,33216,33221,33223,33262,33268,33271,33290,33301,33307,33310,33383,33385,33404,33409,33412,33435,33441,33444,33508,33511,33588,33595,33598,33657,33663,33665,33684,33688,33691,33742,33745,33765,33767,33828,33830,33835,33840,33845,33850,33855,33860,33866,33869,33876,33884,33886,33921],[10,31978,10979,31980,18],{"id":31979},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,31981,16736],{},[20,31983,22,31984,31987],{},[15,31985,31986],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,31989,31990],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[30,31992,1653],{"id":1652},[35,31994,31996],{"className":37,"code":31995,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,31997,31998,32050,32064,32068,32078],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31999,32000,32002,32004,32006,32008,32010,32012,32014,32016,32018,32020,32022,32024,32026,32028,32030,32032,32034,32036,32038,32040,32042,32044,32046,32048],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32001,12526],{"class":50},[44,32003,55],{"class":54},[44,32005,10151],{"class":80},[44,32007,362],{"class":58},[44,32009,302],{"class":62},[44,32011,362],{"class":58},[44,32013,2539],{"class":80},[44,32015,59],{"class":58},[44,32017,12543],{"class":62},[44,32019,362],{"class":58},[44,32021,2646],{"class":80},[44,32023,59],{"class":58},[44,32025,8959],{"class":62},[44,32027,362],{"class":58},[44,32029,2539],{"class":80},[44,32031,7452],{"class":1675},[44,32033,2646],{"class":80},[44,32035,59],{"class":58},[44,32037,10069],{"class":62},[44,32039,362],{"class":58},[44,32041,2539],{"class":80},[44,32043,59],{"class":58},[44,32045,15695],{"class":62},[44,32047,362],{"class":58},[44,32049,8969],{"class":80},[44,32051,32052,32054,32056,32058,32060,32062],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,32053,3484],{"class":50},[44,32055,55],{"class":54},[44,32057,12569],{"class":50},[44,32059,81],{"class":80},[44,32061,5022],{"class":84},[44,32063,88],{"class":80},[44,32065,32066],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,32067,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,32069,32070,32072,32074,32076],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,32071,95],{"class":94},[44,32073,98],{"class":80},[44,32075,5022],{"class":84},[44,32077,104],{"class":80},[44,32079,32080,32082,32084,32086,32088,32090],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,32081,95],{"class":94},[44,32083,98],{"class":80},[44,32085,7754],{"class":1461},[44,32087,98],{"class":80},[44,32089,5022],{"class":84},[44,32091,370],{"class":80},[20,32093,107],{},[35,32095,32097],{"className":37,"code":32096,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32098,32099,32125],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32100,32101,32103,32105,32107,32109,32111,32113,32115,32117,32119,32121,32123],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32102,16702],{"class":84},[44,32104,2640],{"class":80},[44,32106,655],{"class":58},[44,32108,12543],{"class":62},[44,32110,655],{"class":58},[44,32112,2646],{"class":80},[44,32114,7452],{"class":1675},[44,32116,2646],{"class":80},[44,32118,2955],{"class":58},[44,32120,15695],{"class":62},[44,32122,655],{"class":58},[44,32124,3549],{"class":80},[44,32126,32127,32129,32131,32133,32135,32137,32139,32141,32143,32145,32147],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,32128,3561],{"class":80},[44,32130,655],{"class":58},[44,32132,12543],{"class":62},[44,32134,655],{"class":58},[44,32136,2646],{"class":80},[44,32138,7452],{"class":1675},[44,32140,2646],{"class":80},[44,32142,2955],{"class":58},[44,32144,15695],{"class":62},[44,32146,655],{"class":58},[44,32148,3294],{"class":80},[20,32150,32151,32153],{},[15,32152,16736],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[30,32155,126,32157,129],{"id":32156},"what-values-does",[15,32158,16736],{},[139,32160,32161,32164,32167,32170],{},[142,32162,32163],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[142,32165,32166],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[142,32168,32169],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[142,32171,32172],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32174,32175,32176,81],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[243,32177,9052],{"href":9051},[30,32179,250],{"id":249},[35,32181,32183],{"className":37,"code":32182,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32184,32185],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32186,32187,32189,32191,32193],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32188,11110],{"class":50},[44,32190,81],{"class":80},[44,32192,5022],{"class":84},[44,32194,88],{"class":80},[20,32196,137],{},[139,32198,32199,32203,32206],{},[142,32200,32201,11126],{},[15,32202,16736],{},[142,32204,32205],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[142,32207,32208,32209],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32210,16736],{},[20,32212,32213,32214,4057,32219,81],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[243,32215,32216,32218],{"href":16727},[15,32217,16730],{}," for dictionary keys",[243,32220,32221,32223],{"href":16740},[15,32222,16743],{}," for key-value pairs",[30,32225,126,32227,11367],{"id":32226},"what-values-returns",[15,32228,16736],{},[20,32230,32231,21642,32233,24431],{},[15,32232,16736],{},[15,32234,16702],{},[20,32236,32237,32238,32241],{},"This object is a ",[830,32239,32240],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32243,161],{},[35,32245,32247],{"className":37,"code":32246,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32248,32249,32285,32289,32304,32315,32319,32341],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32250,32251,32253,32255,32257,32259,32261,32263,32265,32267,32269,32271,32273,32275,32277,32279,32281,32283],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32252,12867],{"class":50},[44,32254,55],{"class":54},[44,32256,10151],{"class":80},[44,32258,362],{"class":58},[44,32260,302],{"class":62},[44,32262,362],{"class":58},[44,32264,2539],{"class":80},[44,32266,59],{"class":58},[44,32268,7583],{"class":62},[44,32270,362],{"class":58},[44,32272,2646],{"class":80},[44,32274,59],{"class":58},[44,32276,8959],{"class":62},[44,32278,362],{"class":58},[44,32280,2539],{"class":80},[44,32282,8966],{"class":1675},[44,32284,8969],{"class":80},[44,32286,32287],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,32288,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,32290,32291,32294,32296,32298,32300,32302],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,32292,32293],{"class":50},"values_view ",[44,32295,55],{"class":54},[44,32297,12910],{"class":50},[44,32299,81],{"class":80},[44,32301,5022],{"class":84},[44,32303,88],{"class":80},[44,32305,32306,32308,32310,32313],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,32307,95],{"class":94},[44,32309,98],{"class":80},[44,32311,32312],{"class":84},"values_view",[44,32314,104],{"class":80},[44,32316,32317],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,32318,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,32320,32321,32323,32325,32327,32329,32331,32333,32335,32337,32339],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,32322,16972],{"class":50},[44,32324,3561],{"class":80},[44,32326,362],{"class":58},[44,32328,10069],{"class":62},[44,32330,362],{"class":58},[44,32332,12936],{"class":80},[44,32334,12939],{"class":54},[44,32336,59],{"class":58},[44,32338,30311],{"class":62},[44,32340,66],{"class":58},[44,32342,32343,32345,32347,32349],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,32344,95],{"class":94},[44,32346,98],{"class":80},[44,32348,32312],{"class":84},[44,32350,104],{"class":80},[20,32352,107],{},[35,32354,32356],{"className":37,"code":32355,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32357,32358,32376],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32359,32360,32362,32364,32366,32368,32370,32372,32374],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32361,16702],{"class":84},[44,32363,2640],{"class":80},[44,32365,655],{"class":58},[44,32367,7583],{"class":62},[44,32369,655],{"class":58},[44,32371,2646],{"class":80},[44,32373,8966],{"class":1675},[44,32375,3549],{"class":80},[44,32377,32378,32380,32382,32384,32386,32388,32390,32392,32394,32396,32398,32400],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,32379,16702],{"class":84},[44,32381,2640],{"class":80},[44,32383,655],{"class":58},[44,32385,7583],{"class":62},[44,32387,655],{"class":58},[44,32389,2646],{"class":80},[44,32391,8966],{"class":1675},[44,32393,2646],{"class":80},[44,32395,2955],{"class":58},[44,32397,30311],{"class":62},[44,32399,655],{"class":58},[44,32401,3549],{"class":80},[20,32403,32404,32405,81],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32406,32407],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[35,32409,32411],{"className":37,"code":32410,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32412,32413,32449,32468,32472],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32414,32415,32417,32419,32421,32423,32425,32427,32429,32431,32433,32435,32437,32439,32441,32443,32445,32447],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32416,12867],{"class":50},[44,32418,55],{"class":54},[44,32420,10151],{"class":80},[44,32422,362],{"class":58},[44,32424,302],{"class":62},[44,32426,362],{"class":58},[44,32428,2539],{"class":80},[44,32430,59],{"class":58},[44,32432,7583],{"class":62},[44,32434,362],{"class":58},[44,32436,2646],{"class":80},[44,32438,59],{"class":58},[44,32440,8959],{"class":62},[44,32442,362],{"class":58},[44,32444,2539],{"class":80},[44,32446,8966],{"class":1675},[44,32448,8969],{"class":80},[44,32450,32451,32454,32456,32458,32460,32462,32464,32466],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,32452,32453],{"class":50},"values_list ",[44,32455,55],{"class":54},[44,32457,22227],{"class":1461},[44,32459,98],{"class":80},[44,32461,16972],{"class":84},[44,32463,81],{"class":80},[44,32465,5022],{"class":84},[44,32467,201],{"class":80},[44,32469,32470],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,32471,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,32473,32474,32476,32478,32481],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,32475,95],{"class":94},[44,32477,98],{"class":80},[44,32479,32480],{"class":84},"values_list",[44,32482,104],{"class":80},[20,32484,107],{},[35,32486,32488],{"className":37,"code":32487,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32489,32490],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32491,32492,32494,32496,32498,32500,32502,32504],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32493,3561],{"class":80},[44,32495,655],{"class":58},[44,32497,7583],{"class":62},[44,32499,655],{"class":58},[44,32501,2646],{"class":80},[44,32503,8966],{"class":1675},[44,32505,3294],{"class":80},[30,32507,11136],{"id":11135},[20,32509,32510],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[35,32512,32514],{"className":37,"code":32513,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32515,32516,32570,32574,32588,32592,32602],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32517,32518,32520,32522,32524,32526,32528,32530,32532,32534,32536,32538,32540,32542,32544,32546,32548,32551,32553,32555,32558,32560,32562,32564,32566,32568],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32519,24463],{"class":50},[44,32521,55],{"class":54},[44,32523,10151],{"class":80},[44,32525,362],{"class":58},[44,32527,24472],{"class":62},[44,32529,362],{"class":58},[44,32531,2539],{"class":80},[44,32533,59],{"class":58},[44,32535,24481],{"class":62},[44,32537,362],{"class":58},[44,32539,2646],{"class":80},[44,32541,59],{"class":58},[44,32543,24490],{"class":62},[44,32545,362],{"class":58},[44,32547,2539],{"class":80},[44,32549,32550],{"class":1675}," 2022",[44,32552,2646],{"class":80},[44,32554,59],{"class":58},[44,32556,32557],{"class":62},"color",[44,32559,362],{"class":58},[44,32561,2539],{"class":80},[44,32563,59],{"class":58},[44,32565,12772],{"class":62},[44,32567,362],{"class":58},[44,32569,8969],{"class":80},[44,32571,32572],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,32573,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,32575,32576,32578,32580,32582,32584,32586],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,32577,1880],{"class":50},[44,32579,55],{"class":54},[44,32581,24512],{"class":50},[44,32583,81],{"class":80},[44,32585,5022],{"class":84},[44,32587,88],{"class":80},[44,32589,32590],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,32591,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,32593,32594,32596,32598,32600],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,32595,95],{"class":94},[44,32597,98],{"class":80},[44,32599,1915],{"class":84},[44,32601,104],{"class":80},[44,32603,32604,32606,32608,32610,32612,32614],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,32605,95],{"class":94},[44,32607,98],{"class":80},[44,32609,7754],{"class":1461},[44,32611,98],{"class":80},[44,32613,1915],{"class":84},[44,32615,370],{"class":80},[20,32617,107],{},[35,32619,32621],{"className":37,"code":32620,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,32622,32623,32649],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32624,32625,32627,32629,32631,32633,32635,32637,32639,32641,32643,32645,32647],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32626,16702],{"class":84},[44,32628,2640],{"class":80},[44,32630,655],{"class":58},[44,32632,24481],{"class":62},[44,32634,655],{"class":58},[44,32636,2646],{"class":80},[44,32638,32550],{"class":1675},[44,32640,2646],{"class":80},[44,32642,2955],{"class":58},[44,32644,12772],{"class":62},[44,32646,655],{"class":58},[44,32648,3549],{"class":80},[44,32650,32651,32653,32655,32657,32659,32661,32663,32665,32667,32669,32671],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,32652,3561],{"class":80},[44,32654,655],{"class":58},[44,32656,24481],{"class":62},[44,32658,655],{"class":58},[44,32660,2646],{"class":80},[44,32662,32550],{"class":1675},[44,32664,2646],{"class":80},[44,32666,2955],{"class":58},[44,32668,12772],{"class":62},[44,32670,655],{"class":58},[44,32672,3294],{"class":80},[20,32674,11345],{},[139,32676,32677,32683,32689,32697],{},[142,32678,32679,32682],{},[15,32680,32681],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[142,32684,32685,32688],{},[15,32686,32687],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[142,32690,32691,32694,32695,24285],{},[15,32692,32693],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,32696,16702],{},[142,32698,32699,32702],{},[15,32700,32701],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[30,32704,32706],{"id":32705},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,32708,32709,32710,25732],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,32711,5623],{},[35,32713,32715],{"className":37,"code":32714,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,32716,32717,32761,32765,32781],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32718,32719,32721,32723,32725,32727,32729,32731,32733,32735,32737,32739,32741,32743,32745,32747,32749,32751,32753,32755,32757,32759],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32720,4726],{"class":50},[44,32722,55],{"class":54},[44,32724,10151],{"class":80},[44,32726,362],{"class":58},[44,32728,18083],{"class":62},[44,32730,362],{"class":58},[44,32732,2539],{"class":80},[44,32734,19565],{"class":1675},[44,32736,2646],{"class":80},[44,32738,59],{"class":58},[44,32740,30820],{"class":62},[44,32742,362],{"class":58},[44,32744,2539],{"class":80},[44,32746,13170],{"class":1675},[44,32748,2646],{"class":80},[44,32750,59],{"class":58},[44,32752,18092],{"class":62},[44,32754,362],{"class":58},[44,32756,2539],{"class":80},[44,32758,28588],{"class":1675},[44,32760,8969],{"class":80},[44,32762,32763],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,32764,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,32766,32767,32769,32771,32773,32775,32777,32779],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,32768,5623],{"class":524},[44,32770,21252],{"class":50},[44,32772,3544],{"class":524},[44,32774,4773],{"class":50},[44,32776,81],{"class":80},[44,32778,5022],{"class":84},[44,32780,1196],{"class":80},[44,32782,32783,32785,32787,32789],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,32784,553],{"class":94},[44,32786,98],{"class":80},[44,32788,2126],{"class":84},[44,32790,104],{"class":80},[20,32792,107],{},[35,32794,32796],{"className":37,"code":32795,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,32797,32798,32803,32808],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32799,32800],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32801,32802],{"class":1675},"90\n",[44,32804,32805],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,32806,32807],{"class":1675},"85\n",[44,32809,32810],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,32811,32812],{"class":1675},"88\n",[20,32814,17376],{},[139,32816,32817,32820,32823],{},[142,32818,32819],{},"You only need the values",[142,32821,32822],{},"You do not care about the keys",[142,32824,32825],{},"You want simpler code",[20,32827,32828,32829,2532,32833,81],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[243,32830,10397,32831,1555],{"href":16740},[15,32832,16743],{},[243,32834,22142],{"href":32835},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[30,32837,32839],{"id":32838},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,32841,119,32842,32844],{},[15,32843,32407],{}," when you need a list.",[35,32846,32848],{"className":37,"code":32847,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,32849,32850,32896,32900,32920,32924,32935],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32851,32852,32855,32857,32859,32861,32863,32865,32867,32869,32871,32873,32875,32877,32879,32881,32883,32885,32888,32890,32892,32894],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32853,32854],{"class":50},"fruit_prices ",[44,32856,55],{"class":54},[44,32858,10151],{"class":80},[44,32860,362],{"class":58},[44,32862,3741],{"class":62},[44,32864,362],{"class":58},[44,32866,2539],{"class":80},[44,32868,2649],{"class":1675},[44,32870,2646],{"class":80},[44,32872,59],{"class":58},[44,32874,3750],{"class":62},[44,32876,362],{"class":58},[44,32878,2539],{"class":80},[44,32880,5162],{"class":1675},[44,32882,2646],{"class":80},[44,32884,59],{"class":58},[44,32886,32887],{"class":62},"orange",[44,32889,362],{"class":58},[44,32891,2539],{"class":80},[44,32893,2104],{"class":1675},[44,32895,8969],{"class":80},[44,32897,32898],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,32899,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,32901,32902,32905,32907,32909,32911,32914,32916,32918],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,32903,32904],{"class":50},"price_list ",[44,32906,55],{"class":54},[44,32908,22227],{"class":1461},[44,32910,98],{"class":80},[44,32912,32913],{"class":84},"fruit_prices",[44,32915,81],{"class":80},[44,32917,5022],{"class":84},[44,32919,201],{"class":80},[44,32921,32922],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,32923,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,32925,32926,32928,32930,32933],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,32927,95],{"class":94},[44,32929,98],{"class":80},[44,32931,32932],{"class":84},"price_list",[44,32934,104],{"class":80},[44,32936,32937,32939,32941,32943,32945,32947],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,32938,95],{"class":94},[44,32940,98],{"class":80},[44,32942,32932],{"class":84},[44,32944,3561],{"class":80},[44,32946,1772],{"class":1675},[44,32948,3549],{"class":80},[20,32950,107],{},[35,32952,32954],{"className":37,"code":32953,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,32955,32956,32972],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32957,32958,32960,32962,32964,32966,32968,32970],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32959,3561],{"class":80},[44,32961,1708],{"class":1675},[44,32963,2646],{"class":80},[44,32965,5162],{"class":1675},[44,32967,2646],{"class":80},[44,32969,2104],{"class":1675},[44,32971,3294],{"class":80},[44,32973,32974],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,32975,16721],{"class":1675},[20,32977,32978],{},"This is helpful for:",[139,32980,32981,32984,32987],{},[142,32982,32983],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[142,32985,32986],{},"Accessing values by index",[142,32988,32989],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,32991,3586,32992,32994],{},[15,32993,16702],{}," is not the same as a list.",[30,32996,32998,866,33000,866,33002],{"id":32997},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,32999,16736],{},[15,33001,16730],{},[15,33003,16743],{},[20,33005,33006],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[139,33008,33009,33014,33019],{},[142,33010,33011,33013],{},[15,33012,16736],{}," returns only the values",[142,33015,33016,33018],{},[15,33017,16730],{}," returns only the keys",[142,33020,33021,33023],{},[15,33022,16743],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33025,1778],{},[35,33027,33029],{"className":37,"code":33028,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33030,33031,33067,33071,33085,33099],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33032,33033,33035,33037,33039,33041,33043,33045,33047,33049,33051,33053,33055,33057,33059,33061,33063,33065],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33034,12526],{"class":50},[44,33036,55],{"class":54},[44,33038,10151],{"class":80},[44,33040,362],{"class":58},[44,33042,302],{"class":62},[44,33044,362],{"class":58},[44,33046,2539],{"class":80},[44,33048,59],{"class":58},[44,33050,12543],{"class":62},[44,33052,362],{"class":58},[44,33054,2646],{"class":80},[44,33056,59],{"class":58},[44,33058,8959],{"class":62},[44,33060,362],{"class":58},[44,33062,2539],{"class":80},[44,33064,7452],{"class":1675},[44,33066,8969],{"class":80},[44,33068,33069],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,33070,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,33072,33073,33075,33077,33079,33081,33083],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,33074,95],{"class":94},[44,33076,98],{"class":80},[44,33078,13289],{"class":84},[44,33080,81],{"class":80},[44,33082,16588],{"class":84},[44,33084,201],{"class":80},[44,33086,33087,33089,33091,33093,33095,33097],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,33088,95],{"class":94},[44,33090,98],{"class":80},[44,33092,13289],{"class":84},[44,33094,81],{"class":80},[44,33096,5022],{"class":84},[44,33098,201],{"class":80},[44,33100,33101,33103,33105,33107,33109,33111],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,33102,95],{"class":94},[44,33104,98],{"class":80},[44,33106,13289],{"class":84},[44,33108,81],{"class":80},[44,33110,7472],{"class":84},[44,33112,201],{"class":80},[20,33114,107],{},[35,33116,33118],{"className":37,"code":33117,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33119,33120,33142,33160],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33121,33122,33124,33126,33128,33130,33132,33134,33136,33138,33140],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33123,16679],{"class":84},[44,33125,2640],{"class":80},[44,33127,655],{"class":58},[44,33129,302],{"class":62},[44,33131,655],{"class":58},[44,33133,2646],{"class":80},[44,33135,2955],{"class":58},[44,33137,8959],{"class":62},[44,33139,655],{"class":58},[44,33141,3549],{"class":80},[44,33143,33144,33146,33148,33150,33152,33154,33156,33158],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,33145,16702],{"class":84},[44,33147,2640],{"class":80},[44,33149,655],{"class":58},[44,33151,12543],{"class":62},[44,33153,655],{"class":58},[44,33155,2646],{"class":80},[44,33157,7452],{"class":1675},[44,33159,3549],{"class":80},[44,33161,33162,33164,33166,33168,33170,33172,33174,33176],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,33163,21575],{"class":84},[44,33165,9318],{"class":80},[44,33167,655],{"class":58},[44,33169,302],{"class":62},[44,33171,655],{"class":58},[44,33173,2646],{"class":80},[44,33175,7452],{"class":1675},[44,33177,10339],{"class":80},[20,33179,18361],{},[139,33181,33182,33189,33196],{},[142,33183,33184,33188],{},[243,33185,33186],{"href":16727},[15,33187,16730],{}," when you need just the keys",[142,33190,33191,33195],{},[243,33192,33193],{"href":16733},[15,33194,16736],{}," when you need just the values",[142,33197,33198,33202],{},[243,33199,33200],{"href":16740},[15,33201,16743],{}," when you need both",[30,33204,4183],{"id":4182},[20,33206,33207,33208,81],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33209,16736],{},[267,33211,29318,33213,33215],{"id":33212},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33214,16736],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33217,33218,33220],{},[15,33219,16736],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33222,16308],{},[35,33224,33226],{"className":37,"code":33225,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33227,33228,33248],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33229,33230,33232,33234,33236,33238,33240,33242,33244,33246],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33231,7969],{"class":50},[44,33233,55],{"class":54},[44,33235,3281],{"class":80},[44,33237,2643],{"class":1675},[44,33239,2646],{"class":80},[44,33241,2649],{"class":1675},[44,33243,2646],{"class":80},[44,33245,2104],{"class":1675},[44,33247,3294],{"class":80},[44,33249,33250,33252,33254,33256,33258,33260],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,33251,95],{"class":94},[44,33253,98],{"class":80},[44,33255,8000],{"class":84},[44,33257,81],{"class":80},[44,33259,5022],{"class":84},[44,33261,201],{"class":80},[20,33263,33264,33265,33267],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33266,16736],{}," method.",[20,33269,33270],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[35,33272,33274],{"className":37,"code":33273,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33275,33276],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33277,33278,33280,33282,33284,33286,33288],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33279,95],{"class":94},[44,33281,98],{"class":80},[44,33283,2880],{"class":1461},[44,33285,98],{"class":80},[44,33287,8000],{"class":84},[44,33289,370],{"class":80},[20,33291,33292,33293,33295,33296,81],{},"If you get an ",[15,33294,25339],{},", see ",[243,33297,25347,33298,33300],{"href":25346},[15,33299,25350],{}," errors",[267,33302,4244,33304,33306],{"id":33303},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33305,16736],{}," returns a list",[20,33308,33309],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[35,33311,33313],{"className":37,"code":33312,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33314,33315,33351,33365,33369],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33316,33317,33319,33321,33323,33325,33327,33329,33331,33333,33335,33337,33339,33341,33343,33345,33347,33349],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33318,12526],{"class":50},[44,33320,55],{"class":54},[44,33322,10151],{"class":80},[44,33324,362],{"class":58},[44,33326,302],{"class":62},[44,33328,362],{"class":58},[44,33330,2539],{"class":80},[44,33332,59],{"class":58},[44,33334,12543],{"class":62},[44,33336,362],{"class":58},[44,33338,2646],{"class":80},[44,33340,59],{"class":58},[44,33342,8959],{"class":62},[44,33344,362],{"class":58},[44,33346,2539],{"class":80},[44,33348,7452],{"class":1675},[44,33350,8969],{"class":80},[44,33352,33353,33355,33357,33359,33361,33363],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,33354,3484],{"class":50},[44,33356,55],{"class":54},[44,33358,12569],{"class":50},[44,33360,81],{"class":80},[44,33362,5022],{"class":84},[44,33364,88],{"class":80},[44,33366,33367],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,33368,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,33370,33371,33373,33375,33377,33379,33381],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,33372,95],{"class":94},[44,33374,98],{"class":80},[44,33376,2880],{"class":1461},[44,33378,98],{"class":80},[44,33380,5022],{"class":84},[44,33382,370],{"class":80},[20,33384,107],{},[35,33386,33388],{"className":37,"code":33387,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33389,33390],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33391,33392,33394,33396,33398,33400,33402],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33393,2949],{"class":54},[44,33395,2952],{"class":1717},[44,33397,2955],{"class":58},[44,33399,16702],{"class":62},[44,33401,655],{"class":58},[44,33403,2962],{"class":54},[20,33405,4810,33406,33408],{},[15,33407,16702],{},", not a list.",[20,33410,33411],{},"If you need a list:",[35,33413,33415],{"className":37,"code":33414,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33416,33417],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33418,33419,33421,33423,33425,33427,33429,33431,33433],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33420,3484],{"class":50},[44,33422,55],{"class":54},[44,33424,22227],{"class":1461},[44,33426,98],{"class":80},[44,33428,13289],{"class":84},[44,33430,81],{"class":80},[44,33432,5022],{"class":84},[44,33434,201],{"class":80},[267,33436,33438,33439],{"id":33437},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33440,16702],{},[20,33442,33443],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[35,33445,33447],{"className":37,"code":33446,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33448,33449,33485,33499,33503],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33450,33451,33453,33455,33457,33459,33461,33463,33465,33467,33469,33471,33473,33475,33477,33479,33481,33483],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33452,12526],{"class":50},[44,33454,55],{"class":54},[44,33456,10151],{"class":80},[44,33458,362],{"class":58},[44,33460,302],{"class":62},[44,33462,362],{"class":58},[44,33464,2539],{"class":80},[44,33466,59],{"class":58},[44,33468,12543],{"class":62},[44,33470,362],{"class":58},[44,33472,2646],{"class":80},[44,33474,59],{"class":58},[44,33476,8959],{"class":62},[44,33478,362],{"class":58},[44,33480,2539],{"class":80},[44,33482,7452],{"class":1675},[44,33484,8969],{"class":80},[44,33486,33487,33489,33491,33493,33495,33497],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,33488,3484],{"class":50},[44,33490,55],{"class":54},[44,33492,12569],{"class":50},[44,33494,81],{"class":80},[44,33496,5022],{"class":84},[44,33498,88],{"class":80},[44,33500,33501],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,33502,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,33504,33505],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,33506,33507],{"class":3324},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33509,33510],{},"Convert to a list first:",[35,33512,33514],{"className":37,"code":33513,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33515,33516,33552,33570,33574],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33517,33518,33520,33522,33524,33526,33528,33530,33532,33534,33536,33538,33540,33542,33544,33546,33548,33550],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33519,12526],{"class":50},[44,33521,55],{"class":54},[44,33523,10151],{"class":80},[44,33525,362],{"class":58},[44,33527,302],{"class":62},[44,33529,362],{"class":58},[44,33531,2539],{"class":80},[44,33533,59],{"class":58},[44,33535,12543],{"class":62},[44,33537,362],{"class":58},[44,33539,2646],{"class":80},[44,33541,59],{"class":58},[44,33543,8959],{"class":62},[44,33545,362],{"class":58},[44,33547,2539],{"class":80},[44,33549,7452],{"class":1675},[44,33551,8969],{"class":80},[44,33553,33554,33556,33558,33560,33562,33564,33566,33568],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,33555,3484],{"class":50},[44,33557,55],{"class":54},[44,33559,22227],{"class":1461},[44,33561,98],{"class":80},[44,33563,13289],{"class":84},[44,33565,81],{"class":80},[44,33567,5022],{"class":84},[44,33569,201],{"class":80},[44,33571,33572],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,33573,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,33575,33576,33578,33580,33582,33584,33586],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,33577,95],{"class":94},[44,33579,98],{"class":80},[44,33581,5022],{"class":84},[44,33583,3561],{"class":80},[44,33585,1772],{"class":1675},[44,33587,3549],{"class":80},[267,33589,675,33591,10752,33593],{"id":33590},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,33592,5022],{},[15,33594,16736],{},[20,33596,33597],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[35,33599,33601],{"className":37,"code":33600,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,33602,33603,33639,33643],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33604,33605,33607,33609,33611,33613,33615,33617,33619,33621,33623,33625,33627,33629,33631,33633,33635,33637],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33606,12526],{"class":50},[44,33608,55],{"class":54},[44,33610,10151],{"class":80},[44,33612,362],{"class":58},[44,33614,302],{"class":62},[44,33616,362],{"class":58},[44,33618,2539],{"class":80},[44,33620,59],{"class":58},[44,33622,12543],{"class":62},[44,33624,362],{"class":58},[44,33626,2646],{"class":80},[44,33628,59],{"class":58},[44,33630,8959],{"class":62},[44,33632,362],{"class":58},[44,33634,2539],{"class":80},[44,33636,7452],{"class":1675},[44,33638,8969],{"class":80},[44,33640,33641],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,33642,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,33644,33645,33647,33649,33651,33653,33655],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,33646,95],{"class":94},[44,33648,98],{"class":80},[44,33650,13289],{"class":84},[44,33652,81],{"class":80},[44,33654,5022],{"class":1467},[44,33656,104],{"class":80},[20,33658,33659,33662],{},[15,33660,33661],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,33664,18361],{},[35,33666,33668],{"className":37,"code":33667,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(student.values())\n",[15,33669,33670],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33671,33672,33674,33676,33678,33680,33682],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33673,95],{"class":94},[44,33675,98],{"class":80},[44,33677,13289],{"class":84},[44,33679,81],{"class":80},[44,33681,5022],{"class":84},[44,33683,201],{"class":80},[267,33685,33687],{"id":33686},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,33689,33690],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[35,33692,33694],{"className":37,"code":33693,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,33695,33696,33728],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33697,33698,33700,33702,33704,33706,33708,33710,33712,33714,33716,33718,33720,33722,33724,33726],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33699,8825],{"class":50},[44,33701,55],{"class":54},[44,33703,10151],{"class":80},[44,33705,362],{"class":58},[44,33707,243],{"class":62},[44,33709,362],{"class":58},[44,33711,2539],{"class":80},[44,33713,5162],{"class":1675},[44,33715,2646],{"class":80},[44,33717,59],{"class":58},[44,33719,842],{"class":62},[44,33721,362],{"class":58},[44,33723,2539],{"class":80},[44,33725,2649],{"class":1675},[44,33727,8969],{"class":80},[44,33729,33730,33732,33734,33736,33738,33740],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,33731,95],{"class":94},[44,33733,98],{"class":80},[44,33735,8864],{"class":84},[44,33737,81],{"class":80},[44,33739,5022],{"class":84},[44,33741,201],{"class":80},[20,33743,33744],{},"Not like this:",[35,33746,33748],{"className":37,"code":33747,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,33749,33750,33755,33760],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33751,33752],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33753,33754],{"class":3324},"# Wrong examples:\n",[44,33756,33757],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,33758,33759],{"class":3324},"# data().values()\n",[44,33761,33762],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,33763,33764],{"class":3324},"# values(data)\n",[20,33766,2999],{},[35,33768,33770],{"className":37,"code":33769,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,33771,33772,33786,33796,33810],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33773,33774,33776,33778,33780,33782,33784],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33775,95],{"class":94},[44,33777,98],{"class":80},[44,33779,2880],{"class":1461},[44,33781,98],{"class":80},[44,33783,11110],{"class":84},[44,33785,370],{"class":80},[44,33787,33788,33790,33792,33794],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,33789,95],{"class":94},[44,33791,98],{"class":80},[44,33793,11110],{"class":84},[44,33795,104],{"class":80},[44,33797,33798,33800,33802,33804,33806,33808],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,33799,95],{"class":94},[44,33801,98],{"class":80},[44,33803,11110],{"class":84},[44,33805,81],{"class":80},[44,33807,5022],{"class":84},[44,33809,201],{"class":80},[44,33811,33812,33814,33816,33818,33820,33822,33824,33826],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,33813,95],{"class":94},[44,33815,98],{"class":80},[44,33817,7754],{"class":1461},[44,33819,98],{"class":80},[44,33821,11110],{"class":84},[44,33823,81],{"class":80},[44,33825,5022],{"class":84},[44,33827,642],{"class":80},[30,33829,1478],{"id":1477},[267,33831,1504,33833,4807],{"id":33832},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,33834,31986],{},[20,33836,17087,33837,33839],{},[15,33838,16702],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[267,33841,1482,33843,23599],{"id":33842},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,33844,16736],{},[20,33846,23602,33847,23606],{},[15,33848,33849],{},"list(...)",[267,33851,25724,33853,1520],{"id":33852},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,33854,31986],{},[20,33856,33857,33858,25732],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,33859,5623],{},[267,33861,1482,33863,33865],{"id":33862},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,33864,31986],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,33867,33868],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[267,33870,1514,33872,1517,33874,1520],{"id":33871},"how-is-values-different-from-items",[15,33873,16736],{},[15,33875,16743],{},[20,33877,33878,33880,33881,33883],{},[15,33879,16736],{}," returns only values. ",[15,33882,16743],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[30,33885,1545],{"id":1544},[139,33887,33888,33894,33900,33904,33910,33914],{},[142,33889,33890],{},[243,33891,10397,33892,1555],{"href":16727},[15,33893,16730],{},[142,33895,33896],{},[243,33897,10397,33898,1555],{"href":16740},[15,33899,16743],{},[142,33901,33902],{},[243,33903,10903],{"href":9051},[142,33905,33906],{},[243,33907,33909],{"href":33908},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[142,33911,33912],{},[243,33913,23684],{"href":32835},[142,33915,33916],{},[243,33917,30015,33918],{"href":25346},[15,33919,33920],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1577,33922,33923],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":33925},[33926,33927,33929,33930,33932,33933,33934,33935,33937,33948,33960],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":32156,"depth":69,"text":33928},"What values() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":32226,"depth":69,"text":33931},"What values() returns",{"id":11135,"depth":69,"text":11136},{"id":32705,"depth":69,"text":32706},{"id":32838,"depth":69,"text":32839},{"id":32997,"depth":69,"text":33936},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4182,"depth":69,"text":4183,"children":33938},[33939,33941,33943,33945,33947],{"id":33212,"depth":91,"text":33940},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33303,"depth":91,"text":33942},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33437,"depth":91,"text":33944},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33590,"depth":91,"text":33946},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33686,"depth":91,"text":33687},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":33949},[33950,33952,33954,33956,33958],{"id":33832,"depth":91,"text":33951},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":33842,"depth":91,"text":33953},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":33852,"depth":91,"text":33955},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":33862,"depth":91,"text":33957},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":33871,"depth":91,"text":33959},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":31974,"description":33961},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":33967,"title":33968,"body":33969,"description":35397,"extension":1611,"meta":35398,"navigation":184,"path":35399,"seo":35400,"stem":35401,"__hash__":35402},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":33970,"toc":35349},[33971,33977,33982,33985,34001,34010,34012,34044,34050,34053,34147,34150,34155,34160,34163,34174,34176,34190,34196,34198,34203,34209,34212,34251,34259,34264,34267,34312,34315,34327,34333,34339,34343,34374,34377,34395,34398,34402,34441,34443,34463,34466,34478,34483,34489,34492,34547,34550,34561,34564,34575,34578,34582,34588,34590,34620,34623,34638,34641,34644,34663,34666,34682,34691,34693,34724,34730,34735,34738,34745,34776,34779,34801,34804,34807,34821,34825,34856,34871,34878,34885,34889,34897,34901,34909,34912,34961,34972,34974,34977,34983,34988,34998,35002,35005,35008,35012,35015,35017,35038,35042,35048,35059,35065,35067,35073,35097,35100,35163,35166,35194,35197,35259,35261,35266,35269,35276,35284,35291,35294,35302,35308,35310,35337,35346],[10,33972,3234,33974,3238],{"id":33973},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,33975,33976],{},"dir()",[20,33978,22,33979,33981],{},[15,33980,33976],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,33983,33984],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[139,33986,33987,33990,33993,33998],{},[142,33988,33989],{},"learning Python",[142,33991,33992],{},"exploring a new object",[142,33994,33995,33996],{},"debugging an ",[15,33997,25339],{},[142,33999,34000],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34002,34003,34004,34006,34007],{},"In short, ",[15,34005,33976],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[830,34008,34009],{},"“What can I use here?”",[30,34011,1653],{"id":1652},[35,34013,34015],{"className":37,"code":34014,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34016,34017,34029],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34018,34019,34021,34023,34025,34027],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34020,284],{"class":50},[44,34022,55],{"class":54},[44,34024,59],{"class":58},[44,34026,986],{"class":62},[44,34028,66],{"class":58},[44,34030,34031,34033,34035,34038,34040,34042],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,34032,95],{"class":94},[44,34034,98],{"class":80},[44,34036,34037],{"class":94},"dir",[44,34039,98],{"class":80},[44,34041,302],{"class":84},[44,34043,370],{"class":80},[20,34045,119,34046,34049],{},[15,34047,34048],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34051,34052],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[35,34054,34056],{"className":37,"code":34055,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34057,34058],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34059,34060,34062,34064,34067,34069,34071,34073,34076,34078,34080,34082,34085,34087,34089,34091,34094,34096,34098,34100,34103,34105,34107,34109,34112,34114,34116,34119,34121,34123,34125,34127,34129,34131,34134,34136,34138,34140,34143,34145],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34061,3561],{"class":80},[44,34063,655],{"class":58},[44,34065,34066],{"class":62},"__add__",[44,34068,655],{"class":58},[44,34070,2646],{"class":80},[44,34072,2955],{"class":58},[44,34074,34075],{"class":62},"__class__",[44,34077,655],{"class":58},[44,34079,2646],{"class":80},[44,34081,2955],{"class":58},[44,34083,34084],{"class":62},"__contains__",[44,34086,655],{"class":58},[44,34088,2646],{"class":80},[44,34090,2955],{"class":58},[44,34092,34093],{"class":62},"__delattr__",[44,34095,655],{"class":58},[44,34097,2646],{"class":80},[44,34099,2955],{"class":58},[44,34101,34102],{"class":62},"__dir__",[44,34104,655],{"class":58},[44,34106,2646],{"class":80},[44,34108,2955],{"class":58},[44,34110,34111],{"class":62},"__doc__",[44,34113,655],{"class":58},[44,34115,2646],{"class":80},[44,34117,34118],{"class":605}," ...",[44,34120,2646],{"class":80},[44,34122,2955],{"class":58},[44,34124,8300],{"class":62},[44,34126,655],{"class":58},[44,34128,2646],{"class":80},[44,34130,2955],{"class":58},[44,34132,34133],{"class":62},"split",[44,34135,655],{"class":58},[44,34137,2646],{"class":80},[44,34139,2955],{"class":58},[44,34141,34142],{"class":62},"upper",[44,34144,655],{"class":58},[44,34146,3294],{"class":80},[20,34148,34149],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[30,34151,126,34153,129],{"id":34152},"what-dir-does",[15,34154,33976],{},[20,34156,34157,34159],{},[15,34158,33976],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34161,34162],{},"It usually includes:",[139,34164,34165,34168,34171],{},[142,34166,34167],{},"attributes",[142,34169,34170],{},"methods",[142,34172,34173],{},"special Python names",[20,34175,11119],{},[139,34177,34178,34184,34187],{},[142,34179,34180,34181],{},"The result is a ",[830,34182,34183],{},"list of strings",[142,34185,34186],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[142,34188,34189],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34191,34192,34193,34195],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34194,33976],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[30,34197,250],{"id":249},[20,34199,34200,34202],{},[15,34201,33976],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[267,34204,34206,34208],{"id":34205},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34207,33976],{}," with no argument",[20,34210,34211],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[35,34213,34215],{"className":37,"code":34214,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34216,34217,34225,34237,34241],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34218,34219,34221,34223],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34220,2682],{"class":50},[44,34222,55],{"class":54},[44,34224,2241],{"class":1675},[44,34226,34227,34229,34231,34233,34235],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,34228,284],{"class":50},[44,34230,55],{"class":54},[44,34232,59],{"class":58},[44,34234,7338],{"class":62},[44,34236,66],{"class":58},[44,34238,34239],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,34240,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,34242,34243,34245,34247,34249],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,34244,95],{"class":94},[44,34246,98],{"class":80},[44,34248,34037],{"class":94},[44,34250,201],{"class":80},[20,34252,34253,34254,4057,34256,34258],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34255,1110],{},[15,34257,302],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[267,34260,34262],{"id":34261},"dirobject",[15,34263,34048],{},[20,34265,34266],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[35,34268,34270],{"className":37,"code":34269,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34271,34272,34290],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34273,34274,34276,34278,34280,34282,34284,34286,34288],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34275,95],{"class":94},[44,34277,98],{"class":80},[44,34279,34037],{"class":94},[44,34281,98],{"class":80},[44,34283,362],{"class":58},[44,34285,986],{"class":62},[44,34287,362],{"class":58},[44,34289,370],{"class":80},[44,34291,34292,34294,34296,34298,34300,34302,34304,34306,34308,34310],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,34293,95],{"class":94},[44,34295,98],{"class":80},[44,34297,34037],{"class":94},[44,34299,2640],{"class":80},[44,34301,2643],{"class":1675},[44,34303,2646],{"class":80},[44,34305,2649],{"class":1675},[44,34307,2646],{"class":80},[44,34309,2104],{"class":1675},[44,34311,2656],{"class":80},[20,34313,34314],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[139,34316,34317,34319,34321,34324],{},[142,34318,4972],{},[142,34320,4963],{},[142,34322,34323],{},"modules",[142,34325,34326],{},"custom objects",[30,34328,675,34330,34332],{"id":34329},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34331,33976],{}," with a value",[20,34334,34335,34336,34338],{},"A common use of ",[15,34337,33976],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[267,34340,34342],{"id":34341},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[35,34344,34346],{"className":37,"code":34345,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34347,34348,34360],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34349,34350,34352,34354,34356,34358],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34351,51],{"class":50},[44,34353,55],{"class":54},[44,34355,59],{"class":58},[44,34357,986],{"class":62},[44,34359,66],{"class":58},[44,34361,34362,34364,34366,34368,34370,34372],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,34363,95],{"class":94},[44,34365,98],{"class":80},[44,34367,34037],{"class":94},[44,34369,98],{"class":80},[44,34371,194],{"class":84},[44,34373,370],{"class":80},[20,34375,34376],{},"You will see method names like:",[139,34378,34379,34383,34387,34391],{},[142,34380,34381],{},[15,34382,8300],{},[142,34384,34385],{},[15,34386,34142],{},[142,34388,34389],{},[15,34390,34133],{},[142,34392,34393],{},[15,34394,85],{},[20,34396,34397],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[267,34399,34401],{"id":34400},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[35,34403,34405],{"className":37,"code":34404,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34406,34407,34427],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34408,34409,34411,34413,34415,34417,34419,34421,34423,34425],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34410,3276],{"class":50},[44,34412,55],{"class":54},[44,34414,3281],{"class":80},[44,34416,2643],{"class":1675},[44,34418,2646],{"class":80},[44,34420,2649],{"class":1675},[44,34422,2646],{"class":80},[44,34424,2104],{"class":1675},[44,34426,3294],{"class":80},[44,34428,34429,34431,34433,34435,34437,34439],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,34430,95],{"class":94},[44,34432,98],{"class":80},[44,34434,34037],{"class":94},[44,34436,98],{"class":80},[44,34438,3308],{"class":84},[44,34440,370],{"class":80},[20,34442,34376],{},[139,34444,34445,34449,34453,34458],{},[142,34446,34447],{},[15,34448,13216],{},[142,34450,34451],{},[15,34452,25909],{},[142,34454,34455],{},[15,34456,34457],{},"remove",[142,34459,34460],{},[15,34461,34462],{},"sort",[20,34464,34465],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34467,34468,34469,34474,34475,34477],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[243,34470,34472],{"href":34471},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34473,1953],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34476,33976],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[30,34479,675,34481,34208],{"id":34480},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34482,33976],{},[20,34484,34485,34486,34488],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34487,33976],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34490,34491],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[35,34493,34495],{"className":37,"code":34494,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34496,34497,34506,34510,34521,34533,34537],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34498,34499,34501,34503],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34500,2682],{"class":50},[44,34502,55],{"class":54},[44,34504,34505],{"class":1675}," 5\n",[44,34507,34508],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,34509,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,34511,34512,34515,34519],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,34513,34514],{"class":1717},"def",[44,34516,34518],{"class":34517},"sGLFI"," greet",[44,34520,1196],{"class":80},[44,34522,34523,34526,34528,34531],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,34524,34525],{"class":524},"    return",[44,34527,59],{"class":58},[44,34529,34530],{"class":62},"Hello",[44,34532,66],{"class":58},[44,34534,34535],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,34536,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,34538,34539,34541,34543,34545],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,34540,95],{"class":94},[44,34542,98],{"class":80},[44,34544,34037],{"class":94},[44,34546,201],{"class":80},[20,34548,34549],{},"The output will include names like:",[139,34551,34552,34556],{},[142,34553,34554],{},[15,34555,1110],{},[142,34557,34558],{},[15,34559,34560],{},"greet",[20,34562,34563],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[139,34565,34566,34569,34572],{},[142,34567,34568],{},"what variables exist",[142,34570,34571],{},"what functions you have defined",[142,34573,34574],{},"what names are currently available",[20,34576,34577],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[30,34579,34581],{"id":34580},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,34583,34584,34585,34587],{},"When you first use ",[15,34586,33976],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,34589,161],{},[35,34591,34592],{"className":37,"code":34345,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,34593,34594,34606],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34595,34596,34598,34600,34602,34604],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34597,51],{"class":50},[44,34599,55],{"class":54},[44,34601,59],{"class":58},[44,34603,986],{"class":62},[44,34605,66],{"class":58},[44,34607,34608,34610,34612,34614,34616,34618],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,34609,95],{"class":94},[44,34611,98],{"class":80},[44,34613,34037],{"class":94},[44,34615,98],{"class":80},[44,34617,194],{"class":84},[44,34619,370],{"class":80},[20,34621,34622],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[139,34624,34625,34629,34633],{},[142,34626,34627],{},[15,34628,34075],{},[142,34630,34631],{},[15,34632,34111],{},[142,34634,34635],{},[15,34636,34637],{},"__len__",[20,34639,34640],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,34642,34643],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[139,34645,34646,34650,34654,34658],{},[142,34647,34648],{},[15,34649,34142],{},[142,34651,34652],{},[15,34653,8300],{},[142,34655,34656],{},[15,34657,34133],{},[142,34659,34660],{},[15,34661,34662],{},"replace",[20,34664,34665],{},"A key point to remember:",[139,34667,34668,34676],{},[142,34669,34670,34672,34673],{},[15,34671,33976],{}," lists ",[830,34674,34675],{},"names only",[142,34677,34678,34679,34681],{},"it does ",[830,34680,832],{}," explain what each name does",[20,34683,34684,34685,81],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[243,34686,34688],{"href":34687},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,34689,34690],{},"help()",[20,34692,5136],{},[35,34694,34696],{"className":37,"code":34695,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34697,34698,34710],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34699,34700,34702,34704,34706,34708],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34701,284],{"class":50},[44,34703,55],{"class":54},[44,34705,59],{"class":58},[44,34707,986],{"class":62},[44,34709,66],{"class":58},[44,34711,34712,34714,34716,34718,34720,34722],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,34713,1456],{"class":94},[44,34715,98],{"class":80},[44,34717,302],{"class":84},[44,34719,81],{"class":80},[44,34721,34142],{"class":1467},[44,34723,104],{"class":80},[30,34725,34727,34729],{"id":34726},"dir-on-modules",[15,34728,33976],{}," on modules",[20,34731,15378,34732,34734],{},[15,34733,33976],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,34736,34737],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[267,34739,34741,34742,34744],{"id":34740},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,34743,18083],{}," module",[35,34746,34748],{"className":37,"code":34747,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,34749,34750,34758,34762],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34751,34752,34755],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34753,34754],{"class":524},"import",[44,34756,34757],{"class":50}," math\n",[44,34759,34760],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,34761,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,34763,34764,34766,34768,34770,34772,34774],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,34765,95],{"class":94},[44,34767,98],{"class":80},[44,34769,34037],{"class":94},[44,34771,98],{"class":80},[44,34773,18083],{"class":84},[44,34775,370],{"class":80},[20,34777,34778],{},"You may see names like:",[139,34780,34781,34786,34791,34796],{},[142,34782,34783],{},[15,34784,34785],{},"sqrt",[142,34787,34788],{},[15,34789,34790],{},"ceil",[142,34792,34793],{},[15,34794,34795],{},"floor",[142,34797,34798],{},[15,34799,34800],{},"pi",[20,34802,34803],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,34805,34806],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[139,34808,34809,34815],{},[142,34810,34811],{},[243,34812,34814],{"href":34813},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[142,34816,34817],{},[243,34818,34820],{"href":34819},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[267,34822,34824],{"id":34823},"another-example","Another example",[35,34826,34828],{"className":37,"code":34827,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,34829,34830,34837,34841],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34831,34832,34834],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34833,34754],{"class":524},[44,34835,34836],{"class":50}," json\n",[44,34838,34839],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,34840,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,34842,34843,34845,34847,34849,34851,34854],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,34844,95],{"class":94},[44,34846,98],{"class":80},[44,34848,34037],{"class":94},[44,34850,98],{"class":80},[44,34852,34853],{"class":84},"json",[44,34855,370],{"class":80},[20,34857,34858,34859,839,34862,839,34865,16737,34868,81],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,34860,34861],{},"dump",[15,34863,34864],{},"dumps",[15,34866,34867],{},"load",[15,34869,34870],{},"loads",[30,34872,34874,866,34876],{"id":34873},"dir-vs-help",[15,34875,33976],{},[15,34877,34690],{},[20,34879,34880,4057,34882,34884],{},[15,34881,33976],{},[15,34883,34690],{}," are often used together.",[267,34886,34887],{"id":34037},[15,34888,33976],{},[139,34890,34891,34894],{},[142,34892,34893],{},"shows available names",[142,34895,34896],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[267,34898,34899],{"id":1456},[15,34900,34690],{},[139,34902,34903,34906],{},[142,34904,34905],{},"explains what an object or function does",[142,34907,34908],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,34910,34911],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[35,34913,34915],{"className":37,"code":34914,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34916,34917,34929,34933,34947],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34918,34919,34921,34923,34925,34927],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34920,284],{"class":50},[44,34922,55],{"class":54},[44,34924,59],{"class":58},[44,34926,986],{"class":62},[44,34928,66],{"class":58},[44,34930,34931],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,34932,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,34934,34935,34937,34939,34941,34943,34945],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,34936,95],{"class":94},[44,34938,98],{"class":80},[44,34940,34037],{"class":94},[44,34942,98],{"class":80},[44,34944,302],{"class":84},[44,34946,370],{"class":80},[44,34948,34949,34951,34953,34955,34957,34959],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,34950,1456],{"class":94},[44,34952,98],{"class":80},[44,34954,302],{"class":84},[44,34956,81],{"class":80},[44,34958,34142],{"class":1467},[44,34960,104],{"class":80},[20,34962,119,34963,34965,34966,34968,34969,34971],{},[15,34964,33976],{}," first to find a method name.",[9506,34967],{},"\nThen use ",[15,34970,34690],{}," to understand how to use it.",[30,34973,25025],{"id":25024},[20,34975,34976],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[267,34978,34980,34982],{"id":34979},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,34981,33976],{}," returns names, not values",[20,34984,34985,34987],{},[15,34986,33976],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,34989,34990,34991,34993,34994,34997],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,34992,34142],{}," in ",[15,34995,34996],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[267,34999,35001],{"id":35000},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35003,35004],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35006,35007],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[267,35009,35011],{"id":35010},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35013,35014],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35016,5136],{},[139,35018,35019,35024,35030],{},[142,35020,35021,35023],{},[15,35022,34996],{}," shows string-related names",[142,35025,35026,35029],{},[15,35027,35028],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[142,35031,35032,35035,35036,34744],{},[15,35033,35034],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35037,18083],{},[267,35039,35041],{"id":35040},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35043,35044,35045,35047],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35046,33976],{}," does not mean you already know:",[139,35049,35050,35053,35056],{},[142,35051,35052],{},"what it does",[142,35054,35055],{},"what arguments it needs",[142,35057,35058],{},"what it returns",[20,35060,35061,35062,35064],{},"That is why ",[15,35063,34690],{}," is the natural next step.",[30,35066,1238],{"id":1237},[20,35068,35069,35070,35072],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35071,33976],{}," in these situations:",[139,35074,35075,35078,35087,35090],{},[142,35076,35077],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[142,35079,35080,35081,35086],{},"Seeing an ",[243,35082,35084],{"href":35083},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35085,25339],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[142,35088,35089],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[142,35091,675,35092,35094,35095],{},[15,35093,33976],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35096,34690],{},[20,35098,35099],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[35,35101,35103],{"className":37,"code":35102,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35104,35105,35117,35121,35135,35149],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35106,35107,35109,35111,35113,35115],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35108,284],{"class":50},[44,35110,55],{"class":54},[44,35112,59],{"class":58},[44,35114,986],{"class":62},[44,35116,66],{"class":58},[44,35118,35119],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,35120,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,35122,35123,35125,35127,35129,35131,35133],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,35124,95],{"class":94},[44,35126,98],{"class":80},[44,35128,2880],{"class":1461},[44,35130,98],{"class":80},[44,35132,302],{"class":84},[44,35134,370],{"class":80},[44,35136,35137,35139,35141,35143,35145,35147],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,35138,95],{"class":94},[44,35140,98],{"class":80},[44,35142,34037],{"class":94},[44,35144,98],{"class":80},[44,35146,302],{"class":84},[44,35148,370],{"class":80},[44,35150,35151,35153,35155,35157,35159,35161],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,35152,1456],{"class":94},[44,35154,98],{"class":80},[44,35156,302],{"class":84},[44,35158,81],{"class":80},[44,35160,34142],{"class":1467},[44,35162,104],{"class":80},[20,35164,35165],{},"And for modules:",[35,35167,35168],{"className":37,"code":34747,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,35169,35170,35176,35180],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35171,35172,35174],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35173,34754],{"class":524},[44,35175,34757],{"class":50},[44,35177,35178],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,35179,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,35181,35182,35184,35186,35188,35190,35192],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,35183,95],{"class":94},[44,35185,98],{"class":80},[44,35187,34037],{"class":94},[44,35189,98],{"class":80},[44,35191,18083],{"class":84},[44,35193,370],{"class":80},[20,35195,35196],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[35,35198,35200],{"className":37,"code":35199,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35201,35202,35207,35219,35229,35243,35249],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35203,35204],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35205,35206],{"class":50},"python\n",[44,35208,35209,35211,35213,35215,35217],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,35210,284],{"class":50},[44,35212,55],{"class":54},[44,35214,59],{"class":58},[44,35216,986],{"class":62},[44,35218,66],{"class":58},[44,35220,35221,35223,35225,35227],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,35222,34037],{"class":94},[44,35224,98],{"class":80},[44,35226,302],{"class":84},[44,35228,104],{"class":80},[44,35230,35231,35233,35235,35237,35239,35241],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,35232,1456],{"class":94},[44,35234,98],{"class":80},[44,35236,302],{"class":84},[44,35238,81],{"class":80},[44,35240,34142],{"class":1467},[44,35242,104],{"class":80},[44,35244,35245,35247],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,35246,34754],{"class":524},[44,35248,34757],{"class":50},[44,35250,35251,35253,35255,35257],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,35252,34037],{"class":94},[44,35254,98],{"class":80},[44,35256,18083],{"class":84},[44,35258,104],{"class":80},[30,35260,1478],{"id":1477},[267,35262,1504,35264,4807],{"id":35263},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35265,33976],{},[20,35267,35268],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[267,35270,4842,35272,4057,35274,1520],{"id":35271},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35273,33976],{},[15,35275,34690],{},[20,35277,35278,35280,35281,35283],{},[15,35279,33976],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35282,34690],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[267,35285,35287,35288,35290],{"id":35286},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35289,33976],{}," output?",[20,35292,35293],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[267,35295,4832,35297,35299,35300,1520],{"id":35296},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35298,33976],{}," help fix ",[15,35301,25339],{},[20,35303,35304,35305,81],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[243,35306,35307],{"href":35083},"object has no attribute",[30,35309,1545],{"id":1544},[139,35311,35312,35318,35323,35327,35331],{},[142,35313,35314],{},[243,35315,3234,35316,3167],{"href":34687},[15,35317,34690],{},[142,35319,35320],{},[243,35321,35322],{"href":35083},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[142,35324,35325],{},[243,35326,34814],{"href":34813},[142,35328,35329],{},[243,35330,34820],{"href":34819},[142,35332,35333],{},[243,35334,3234,35335,3167],{"href":34471},[15,35336,1953],{},[20,35338,35339,35340,35342,35343,35345],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35341,33976],{}," together with ",[15,35344,34690],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1577,35347,35348],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":35350},[35351,35352,35354,35359,35364,35366,35367,35373,35378,35385,35386,35396],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":34152,"depth":69,"text":35353},"What dir() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250,"children":35355},[35356,35358],{"id":34205,"depth":91,"text":35357},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34261,"depth":91,"text":34048},{"id":34329,"depth":69,"text":35360,"children":35361},"Using dir() with a value",[35362,35363],{"id":34341,"depth":91,"text":34342},{"id":34400,"depth":91,"text":34401},{"id":34480,"depth":69,"text":35365},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34580,"depth":69,"text":34581},{"id":34726,"depth":69,"text":35368,"children":35369},"dir() on modules",[35370,35372],{"id":34740,"depth":91,"text":35371},"Example: math module",{"id":34823,"depth":91,"text":34824},{"id":34873,"depth":69,"text":35374,"children":35375},"dir() vs help()",[35376,35377],{"id":34037,"depth":91,"text":33976},{"id":1456,"depth":91,"text":34690},{"id":25024,"depth":69,"text":25025,"children":35379},[35380,35382,35383,35384],{"id":34979,"depth":91,"text":35381},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35000,"depth":91,"text":35001},{"id":35010,"depth":91,"text":35011},{"id":35040,"depth":91,"text":35041},{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":35387},[35388,35390,35392,35394],{"id":35263,"depth":91,"text":35389},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35271,"depth":91,"text":35391},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35286,"depth":91,"text":35393},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35296,"depth":91,"text":35395},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":33968,"description":35397},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35404,"title":35405,"body":35406,"description":37225,"extension":1611,"meta":37226,"navigation":184,"path":37227,"seo":37228,"stem":37229,"__hash__":37230},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35407,"toc":37194},[35408,35414,35419,35422,35430,35436,35438,35518,35520,35546,35551,35556,35561,35564,35575,35578,35580,35659,35661,35687,35694,35696,35698,35723,35726,35739,35744,35746,35827,35829,35855,35864,35869,35877,35883,35890,35893,35895,35974,35977,36034,36036,36073,36079,36084,36089,36091,36105,36107,36210,36212,36255,36264,36274,36281,36287,36294,36377,36379,36402,36405,36408,36410,36414,36418,36421,36484,36507,36510,36514,36520,36522,36589,36592,36669,36674,36680,36683,36686,36732,36734,36758,36763,36767,36772,36778,36841,36844,36846,36849,36874,36877,37012,37014,37115,37117,37122,37125,37131,37141,37149,37154,37160,37166,37168,37191],[10,35409,3234,35411,3238],{"id":35410},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35412,35413],{},"enumerate()",[20,35415,35416,35418],{},[15,35417,35413],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35420,35421],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[139,35423,35424,35427],{},[142,35425,35426],{},"the item itself",[142,35428,35429],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35431,35432,35433,35435],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35434,35413],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[30,35437,1653],{"id":1652},[35,35439,35441],{"className":37,"code":35440,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35442,35443,35475,35479,35502],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35444,35445,35447,35449,35451,35453,35455,35457,35459,35461,35463,35465,35467,35469,35471,35473],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35446,12738],{"class":50},[44,35448,55],{"class":54},[44,35450,3281],{"class":80},[44,35452,362],{"class":58},[44,35454,12755],{"class":62},[44,35456,362],{"class":58},[44,35458,2646],{"class":80},[44,35460,59],{"class":58},[44,35462,17121],{"class":62},[44,35464,362],{"class":58},[44,35466,2646],{"class":80},[44,35468,59],{"class":58},[44,35470,12772],{"class":62},[44,35472,362],{"class":58},[44,35474,3294],{"class":80},[44,35476,35477],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,35478,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,35480,35481,35483,35486,35488,35491,35493,35496,35498,35500],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,35482,5623],{"class":524},[44,35484,35485],{"class":50}," index",[44,35487,2646],{"class":80},[44,35489,35490],{"class":50}," color ",[44,35492,3544],{"class":524},[44,35494,35495],{"class":94}," enumerate",[44,35497,98],{"class":80},[44,35499,17168],{"class":84},[44,35501,8003],{"class":80},[44,35503,35504,35506,35508,35511,35513,35516],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,35505,553],{"class":94},[44,35507,98],{"class":80},[44,35509,35510],{"class":84},"index",[44,35512,2646],{"class":80},[44,35514,35515],{"class":84}," color",[44,35517,104],{"class":80},[20,35519,107],{},[35,35521,35523],{"className":37,"code":35522,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35524,35525,35532,35539],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35526,35527,35529],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35528,1772],{"class":1675},[44,35530,35531],{"class":50}," red\n",[44,35533,35534,35536],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,35535,2643],{"class":1675},[44,35537,35538],{"class":50}," green\n",[44,35540,35541,35543],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,35542,1708],{"class":1675},[44,35544,35545],{"class":50}," blue\n",[20,35547,119,35548,35550],{},[15,35549,35413],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[30,35552,126,35554,129],{"id":35553},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35555,35413],{},[20,35557,35558,35560],{},[15,35559,35413],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,35562,35563],{},"It is commonly used with:",[139,35565,35566,35568,35570,35572],{},[142,35567,4963],{},[142,35569,4966],{},[142,35571,4972],{},[142,35573,35574],{},"other iterable objects",[20,35576,35577],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,35579,161],{},[35,35581,35583],{"className":37,"code":35582,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,35584,35585,35619,35623,35644],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35586,35587,35589,35591,35593,35595,35597,35599,35601,35603,35606,35608,35610,35612,35615,35617],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35588,4657],{"class":50},[44,35590,55],{"class":54},[44,35592,3281],{"class":80},[44,35594,362],{"class":58},[44,35596,12543],{"class":62},[44,35598,362],{"class":58},[44,35600,2646],{"class":80},[44,35602,59],{"class":58},[44,35604,35605],{"class":62},"Ben",[44,35607,362],{"class":58},[44,35609,2646],{"class":80},[44,35611,59],{"class":58},[44,35613,35614],{"class":62},"Cara",[44,35616,362],{"class":58},[44,35618,3294],{"class":80},[44,35620,35621],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,35622,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,35624,35625,35627,35629,35631,35634,35636,35638,35640,35642],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,35626,5623],{"class":524},[44,35628,35485],{"class":50},[44,35630,2646],{"class":80},[44,35632,35633],{"class":50}," name ",[44,35635,3544],{"class":524},[44,35637,35495],{"class":94},[44,35639,98],{"class":80},[44,35641,4701],{"class":84},[44,35643,8003],{"class":80},[44,35645,35646,35648,35650,35652,35654,35657],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,35647,553],{"class":94},[44,35649,98],{"class":80},[44,35651,35510],{"class":84},[44,35653,2646],{"class":80},[44,35655,35656],{"class":84}," name",[44,35658,104],{"class":80},[20,35660,107],{},[35,35662,35664],{"className":37,"code":35663,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,35665,35666,35673,35680],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35667,35668,35670],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35669,1772],{"class":1675},[44,35671,35672],{"class":50}," Ana\n",[44,35674,35675,35677],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,35676,2643],{"class":1675},[44,35678,35679],{"class":50}," Ben\n",[44,35681,35682,35684],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,35683,1708],{"class":1675},[44,35685,35686],{"class":50}," Cara\n",[20,35688,35689,35690,81],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[243,35691,35693],{"href":35692},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[30,35695,250],{"id":249},[20,35697,1812],{},[35,35699,35701],{"className":37,"code":35700,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,35702,35703],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35704,35705,35708,35710,35712,35714,35717,35719,35721],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35706,35707],{"class":94},"enumerate",[44,35709,98],{"class":80},[44,35711,3381],{"class":84},[44,35713,2646],{"class":80},[44,35715,35716],{"class":8835}," start",[44,35718,55],{"class":54},[44,35720,1772],{"class":1675},[44,35722,104],{"class":80},[20,35724,35725],{},"It has two parts:",[139,35727,35728,35733],{},[142,35729,35730,35732],{},[15,35731,3381],{},": the object you want to loop through",[142,35734,35735,35738],{},[15,35736,35737],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,35740,35741,35742,81],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,35743,1772],{},[20,35745,161],{},[35,35747,35749],{"className":37,"code":35748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,35750,35751,35784,35788,35811],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35752,35753,35756,35758,35760,35762,35764,35766,35768,35770,35772,35774,35776,35778,35780,35782],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35754,35755],{"class":50},"letters ",[44,35757,55],{"class":54},[44,35759,3281],{"class":80},[44,35761,362],{"class":58},[44,35763,243],{"class":62},[44,35765,362],{"class":58},[44,35767,2646],{"class":80},[44,35769,59],{"class":58},[44,35771,842],{"class":62},[44,35773,362],{"class":58},[44,35775,2646],{"class":80},[44,35777,59],{"class":58},[44,35779,846],{"class":62},[44,35781,362],{"class":58},[44,35783,3294],{"class":80},[44,35785,35786],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,35787,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,35789,35790,35792,35795,35797,35800,35802,35804,35806,35809],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,35791,5623],{"class":524},[44,35793,35794],{"class":50}," i",[44,35796,2646],{"class":80},[44,35798,35799],{"class":50}," letter ",[44,35801,3544],{"class":524},[44,35803,35495],{"class":94},[44,35805,98],{"class":80},[44,35807,35808],{"class":84},"letters",[44,35810,8003],{"class":80},[44,35812,35813,35815,35817,35820,35822,35825],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,35814,553],{"class":94},[44,35816,98],{"class":80},[44,35818,35819],{"class":84},"i",[44,35821,2646],{"class":80},[44,35823,35824],{"class":84}," letter",[44,35826,104],{"class":80},[20,35828,107],{},[35,35830,35832],{"className":37,"code":35831,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,35833,35834,35841,35848],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35835,35836,35838],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35837,1772],{"class":1675},[44,35839,35840],{"class":50}," a\n",[44,35842,35843,35845],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,35844,2643],{"class":1675},[44,35846,35847],{"class":50}," b\n",[44,35849,35850,35852],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,35851,1708],{"class":1675},[44,35853,35854],{"class":50}," c\n",[20,35856,35857,35858,81],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[243,35859,3234,35861,3167],{"href":35860},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,35862,35863],{},"range()",[30,35865,126,35867,11367],{"id":35866},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,35868,35413],{},[20,35870,35871,35873,35874,81],{},[15,35872,35413],{}," returns an ",[830,35875,35876],{},"enumerate object",[20,35878,35879,35880,35882],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,35881,5623],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[139,35884,35885],{},[142,35886,35887],{},[15,35888,35889],{},"(index, item)",[20,35891,35892],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,35894,161],{},[35,35896,35898],{"className":37,"code":35897,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,35899,35900,35933,35937,35959],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35901,35902,35905,35907,35909,35911,35913,35915,35917,35919,35921,35923,35925,35927,35929,35931],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35903,35904],{"class":50},"fruits ",[44,35906,55],{"class":54},[44,35908,3281],{"class":80},[44,35910,362],{"class":58},[44,35912,3741],{"class":62},[44,35914,362],{"class":58},[44,35916,2646],{"class":80},[44,35918,59],{"class":58},[44,35920,3750],{"class":62},[44,35922,362],{"class":58},[44,35924,2646],{"class":80},[44,35926,59],{"class":58},[44,35928,32887],{"class":62},[44,35930,362],{"class":58},[44,35932,3294],{"class":80},[44,35934,35935],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,35936,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,35938,35939,35941,35943,35945,35948,35950,35952,35954,35957],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,35940,5623],{"class":524},[44,35942,35485],{"class":50},[44,35944,2646],{"class":80},[44,35946,35947],{"class":50}," fruit ",[44,35949,3544],{"class":524},[44,35951,35495],{"class":94},[44,35953,98],{"class":80},[44,35955,35956],{"class":84},"fruits",[44,35958,8003],{"class":80},[44,35960,35961,35963,35965,35967,35969,35972],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,35962,553],{"class":94},[44,35964,98],{"class":80},[44,35966,35510],{"class":84},[44,35968,2646],{"class":80},[44,35970,35971],{"class":84}," fruit",[44,35973,104],{"class":80},[20,35975,35976],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[35,35978,35980],{"className":37,"code":35979,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,35981,35982,36002,36006,36024],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35983,35984,35986,35988,35990,35992,35994,35996,35998,36000],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35985,3276],{"class":50},[44,35987,55],{"class":54},[44,35989,3281],{"class":80},[44,35991,1982],{"class":1675},[44,35993,2646],{"class":80},[44,35995,7452],{"class":1675},[44,35997,2646],{"class":80},[44,35999,7457],{"class":1675},[44,36001,3294],{"class":80},[44,36003,36004],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,36005,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,36007,36008,36010,36012,36014,36016,36018,36020,36022],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,36009,1880],{"class":50},[44,36011,55],{"class":54},[44,36013,22227],{"class":1461},[44,36015,98],{"class":80},[44,36017,35707],{"class":94},[44,36019,98],{"class":80},[44,36021,3308],{"class":84},[44,36023,370],{"class":80},[44,36025,36026,36028,36030,36032],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,36027,95],{"class":94},[44,36029,98],{"class":80},[44,36031,1915],{"class":84},[44,36033,104],{"class":80},[20,36035,107],{},[35,36037,36039],{"className":37,"code":36038,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36040,36041],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36042,36043,36045,36047,36049,36051,36053,36055,36057,36059,36061,36063,36065,36067,36069,36071],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36044,21407],{"class":80},[44,36046,1772],{"class":1675},[44,36048,2646],{"class":80},[44,36050,5670],{"class":1675},[44,36052,8893],{"class":80},[44,36054,8896],{"class":80},[44,36056,2643],{"class":1675},[44,36058,2646],{"class":80},[44,36060,7452],{"class":1675},[44,36062,8893],{"class":80},[44,36064,8896],{"class":80},[44,36066,1708],{"class":1675},[44,36068,2646],{"class":80},[44,36070,7457],{"class":1675},[44,36072,8909],{"class":80},[20,36074,36075,36076,36078],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36077,35413],{}," produces.",[30,36080,1133,36082],{"id":36081},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36083,35413],{},[20,36085,119,36086,36088],{},[15,36087,35413],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36090,1143],{},[139,36092,36093,36096,36099,36102],{},[142,36094,36095],{},"printing numbered output",[142,36097,36098],{},"building menus",[142,36100,36101],{},"showing positions in a list",[142,36103,36104],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36106,161],{},[35,36108,36110],{"className":37,"code":36109,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36111,36112,36147,36151,36181],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36113,36114,36116,36118,36120,36122,36125,36127,36129,36131,36134,36136,36138,36140,36143,36145],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36115,29565],{"class":50},[44,36117,55],{"class":54},[44,36119,3281],{"class":80},[44,36121,362],{"class":58},[44,36123,36124],{"class":62},"Wash dishes",[44,36126,362],{"class":58},[44,36128,2646],{"class":80},[44,36130,59],{"class":58},[44,36132,36133],{"class":62},"Study Python",[44,36135,362],{"class":58},[44,36137,2646],{"class":80},[44,36139,59],{"class":58},[44,36141,36142],{"class":62},"Go for a walk",[44,36144,362],{"class":58},[44,36146,3294],{"class":80},[44,36148,36149],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,36150,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,36152,36153,36155,36157,36159,36162,36164,36166,36168,36171,36173,36175,36177,36179],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,36154,5623],{"class":524},[44,36156,1847],{"class":50},[44,36158,2646],{"class":80},[44,36160,36161],{"class":50}," task ",[44,36163,3544],{"class":524},[44,36165,35495],{"class":94},[44,36167,98],{"class":80},[44,36169,36170],{"class":84},"tasks",[44,36172,2646],{"class":80},[44,36174,35716],{"class":8835},[44,36176,55],{"class":54},[44,36178,2643],{"class":1675},[44,36180,8003],{"class":80},[44,36182,36183,36185,36187,36189,36191,36193,36195,36197,36199,36201,36204,36206,36208],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,36184,553],{"class":94},[44,36186,98],{"class":80},[44,36188,21961],{"class":1717},[44,36190,362],{"class":62},[44,36192,8938],{"class":1675},[44,36194,1890],{"class":84},[44,36196,21970],{"class":1675},[44,36198,27981],{"class":62},[44,36200,8938],{"class":1675},[44,36202,36203],{"class":84},"task",[44,36205,21970],{"class":1675},[44,36207,362],{"class":62},[44,36209,104],{"class":80},[20,36211,107],{},[35,36213,36215],{"className":37,"code":36214,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36216,36217,36229,36241],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36218,36219,36221,36223,36226],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36220,2643],{"class":1675},[44,36222,81],{"class":80},[44,36224,36225],{"class":1467}," Wash",[44,36227,36228],{"class":50}," dishes\n",[44,36230,36231,36233,36235,36238],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,36232,1708],{"class":1675},[44,36234,81],{"class":80},[44,36236,36237],{"class":1467}," Study",[44,36239,36240],{"class":50}," Python\n",[44,36242,36243,36245,36247,36250,36252],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,36244,1714],{"class":1675},[44,36246,81],{"class":80},[44,36248,36249],{"class":1467}," Go",[44,36251,3538],{"class":524},[44,36253,36254],{"class":50}," a walk\n",[20,36256,36257,36258,36260,36261,81],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36259,35413],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36262,36263],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36265,36266,36267,81],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[243,36268,36270,36271,36273],{"href":36269},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36272,35413],{}," in Python",[30,36275,36277,36278,36280],{"id":36276},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36279,35737],{}," argument",[20,36282,36283,36284,36286],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36285,35737],{}," argument.",[20,36288,36289,36290,10752,36292,2539],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36291,2643],{},[15,36293,1772],{},[35,36295,36297],{"className":37,"code":36296,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36298,36299,36331,36335,36363],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36300,36301,36303,36305,36307,36309,36311,36313,36315,36317,36319,36321,36323,36325,36327,36329],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36302,12738],{"class":50},[44,36304,55],{"class":54},[44,36306,3281],{"class":80},[44,36308,362],{"class":58},[44,36310,12755],{"class":62},[44,36312,362],{"class":58},[44,36314,2646],{"class":80},[44,36316,59],{"class":58},[44,36318,17121],{"class":62},[44,36320,362],{"class":58},[44,36322,2646],{"class":80},[44,36324,59],{"class":58},[44,36326,12772],{"class":62},[44,36328,362],{"class":58},[44,36330,3294],{"class":80},[44,36332,36333],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,36334,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,36336,36337,36339,36341,36343,36345,36347,36349,36351,36353,36355,36357,36359,36361],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,36338,5623],{"class":524},[44,36340,35485],{"class":50},[44,36342,2646],{"class":80},[44,36344,35490],{"class":50},[44,36346,3544],{"class":524},[44,36348,35495],{"class":94},[44,36350,98],{"class":80},[44,36352,17168],{"class":84},[44,36354,2646],{"class":80},[44,36356,35716],{"class":8835},[44,36358,55],{"class":54},[44,36360,2643],{"class":1675},[44,36362,8003],{"class":80},[44,36364,36365,36367,36369,36371,36373,36375],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,36366,553],{"class":94},[44,36368,98],{"class":80},[44,36370,35510],{"class":84},[44,36372,2646],{"class":80},[44,36374,35515],{"class":84},[44,36376,104],{"class":80},[20,36378,107],{},[35,36380,36382],{"className":37,"code":36381,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36383,36384,36390,36396],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36385,36386,36388],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36387,2643],{"class":1675},[44,36389,35531],{"class":50},[44,36391,36392,36394],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,36393,1708],{"class":1675},[44,36395,35538],{"class":50},[44,36397,36398,36400],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,36399,1714],{"class":1675},[44,36401,35545],{"class":50},[20,36403,36404],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36406,36407],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[30,36409,25025],{"id":25024},[20,36411,25028,36412,81],{},[15,36413,35413],{},[267,36415,36417],{"id":36416},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36419,36420],{},"In this loop:",[35,36422,36424],{"className":37,"code":36423,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36425,36426,36446,36450,36470],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36427,36428,36430,36432,36434,36436,36438,36440,36442,36444],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36429,3276],{"class":50},[44,36431,55],{"class":54},[44,36433,3281],{"class":80},[44,36435,1982],{"class":1675},[44,36437,2646],{"class":80},[44,36439,7452],{"class":1675},[44,36441,2646],{"class":80},[44,36443,7457],{"class":1675},[44,36445,3294],{"class":80},[44,36447,36448],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,36449,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,36451,36452,36454,36456,36458,36460,36462,36464,36466,36468],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,36453,5623],{"class":524},[44,36455,35485],{"class":50},[44,36457,2646],{"class":80},[44,36459,21252],{"class":50},[44,36461,3544],{"class":524},[44,36463,35495],{"class":94},[44,36465,98],{"class":80},[44,36467,3308],{"class":84},[44,36469,8003],{"class":80},[44,36471,36472,36474,36476,36478,36480,36482],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,36473,553],{"class":94},[44,36475,98],{"class":80},[44,36477,35510],{"class":84},[44,36479,2646],{"class":80},[44,36481,8094],{"class":84},[44,36483,104],{"class":80},[139,36485,36486,36496],{},[142,36487,36488,1118,36490,839,36492,839,36494],{},[15,36489,35510],{},[15,36491,1772],{},[15,36493,2643],{},[15,36495,1708],{},[142,36497,36498,1118,36500,839,36502,839,36504],{},[15,36499,2126],{},[15,36501,1982],{},[15,36503,15418],{},[15,36505,36506],{},"30",[20,36508,36509],{},"These are different things.",[267,36511,36513],{"id":36512},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36515,36516,36517,36519],{},"Each item from ",[15,36518,35413],{}," is a pair.",[20,36521,6351],{},[35,36523,36525],{"className":37,"code":36524,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36526,36527,36551,36555,36575],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36528,36529,36531,36533,36535,36537,36539,36541,36543,36545,36547,36549],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36530,7441],{"class":50},[44,36532,55],{"class":54},[44,36534,3281],{"class":80},[44,36536,362],{"class":58},[44,36538,1110],{"class":62},[44,36540,362],{"class":58},[44,36542,2646],{"class":80},[44,36544,59],{"class":58},[44,36546,11407],{"class":62},[44,36548,362],{"class":58},[44,36550,3294],{"class":80},[44,36552,36553],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,36554,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,36556,36557,36559,36561,36563,36565,36567,36569,36571,36573],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,36558,5623],{"class":524},[44,36560,35794],{"class":50},[44,36562,2646],{"class":80},[44,36564,5626],{"class":50},[44,36566,3544],{"class":524},[44,36568,35495],{"class":94},[44,36570,98],{"class":80},[44,36572,7472],{"class":84},[44,36574,8003],{"class":80},[44,36576,36577,36579,36581,36583,36585,36587],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,36578,553],{"class":94},[44,36580,98],{"class":80},[44,36582,35819],{"class":84},[44,36584,2646],{"class":80},[44,36586,29175],{"class":84},[44,36588,104],{"class":80},[20,36590,36591],{},"But this causes an error:",[35,36593,36595],{"className":37,"code":36594,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,36596,36597,36621,36625,36650],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36598,36599,36601,36603,36605,36607,36609,36611,36613,36615,36617,36619],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36600,7441],{"class":50},[44,36602,55],{"class":54},[44,36604,3281],{"class":80},[44,36606,362],{"class":58},[44,36608,1110],{"class":62},[44,36610,362],{"class":58},[44,36612,2646],{"class":80},[44,36614,59],{"class":58},[44,36616,11407],{"class":62},[44,36618,362],{"class":58},[44,36620,3294],{"class":80},[44,36622,36623],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,36624,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,36626,36627,36629,36631,36633,36635,36637,36640,36642,36644,36646,36648],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,36628,5623],{"class":524},[44,36630,35794],{"class":50},[44,36632,2646],{"class":80},[44,36634,29175],{"class":50},[44,36636,2646],{"class":80},[44,36638,36639],{"class":50}," extra ",[44,36641,3544],{"class":524},[44,36643,35495],{"class":94},[44,36645,98],{"class":80},[44,36647,7472],{"class":84},[44,36649,8003],{"class":80},[44,36651,36652,36654,36656,36658,36660,36662,36664,36667],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,36653,553],{"class":94},[44,36655,98],{"class":80},[44,36657,35819],{"class":84},[44,36659,2646],{"class":80},[44,36661,29175],{"class":84},[44,36663,2646],{"class":80},[44,36665,36666],{"class":84}," extra",[44,36668,104],{"class":80},[20,36670,28729,36671,36673],{},[15,36672,35413],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[267,36675,36677,36679],{"id":36676},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,36678,35413],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,36681,36682],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,36684,36685],{},"Example with a string:",[35,36687,36689],{"className":37,"code":36688,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,36690,36691,36717],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36692,36693,36695,36697,36699,36702,36704,36706,36708,36710,36713,36715],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36694,5623],{"class":524},[44,36696,35485],{"class":50},[44,36698,2646],{"class":80},[44,36700,36701],{"class":50}," char ",[44,36703,3544],{"class":524},[44,36705,35495],{"class":94},[44,36707,98],{"class":80},[44,36709,362],{"class":58},[44,36711,36712],{"class":62},"cat",[44,36714,362],{"class":58},[44,36716,8003],{"class":80},[44,36718,36719,36721,36723,36725,36727,36730],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,36720,553],{"class":94},[44,36722,98],{"class":80},[44,36724,35510],{"class":84},[44,36726,2646],{"class":80},[44,36728,36729],{"class":84}," char",[44,36731,104],{"class":80},[20,36733,107],{},[35,36735,36737],{"className":37,"code":36736,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,36738,36739,36745,36751],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36740,36741,36743],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36742,1772],{"class":1675},[44,36744,35854],{"class":50},[44,36746,36747,36749],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,36748,2643],{"class":1675},[44,36750,35840],{"class":50},[44,36752,36753,36755],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,36754,1708],{"class":1675},[44,36756,36757],{"class":50}," t\n",[20,36759,36760,36761,81],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[243,36762,4799],{"href":5251},[267,36764,36766],{"id":36765},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,36768,36769,36770,81],{},"You do not always need ",[15,36771,35413],{},[20,36773,36774,36775,36777],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,36776,5623],{}," loop:",[35,36779,36781],{"className":37,"code":36780,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,36782,36783,36815,36819,36831],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36784,36785,36787,36789,36791,36793,36795,36797,36799,36801,36803,36805,36807,36809,36811,36813],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36786,12738],{"class":50},[44,36788,55],{"class":54},[44,36790,3281],{"class":80},[44,36792,362],{"class":58},[44,36794,12755],{"class":62},[44,36796,362],{"class":58},[44,36798,2646],{"class":80},[44,36800,59],{"class":58},[44,36802,17121],{"class":62},[44,36804,362],{"class":58},[44,36806,2646],{"class":80},[44,36808,59],{"class":58},[44,36810,12772],{"class":62},[44,36812,362],{"class":58},[44,36814,3294],{"class":80},[44,36816,36817],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,36818,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,36820,36821,36823,36825,36827,36829],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,36822,5623],{"class":524},[44,36824,35490],{"class":50},[44,36826,3544],{"class":524},[44,36828,12786],{"class":50},[44,36830,548],{"class":80},[44,36832,36833,36835,36837,36839],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,36834,553],{"class":94},[44,36836,98],{"class":80},[44,36838,32557],{"class":84},[44,36840,104],{"class":80},[20,36842,36843],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[30,36845,1238],{"id":1237},[20,36847,36848],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[139,36850,36851,36856,36862,36867],{},[142,36852,22768,36853,36855],{},[15,36854,35413],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[142,36857,36858,36859,36861],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,36860,1772],{}," by default",[142,36863,675,36864,36866],{},[15,36865,35413],{}," when only values are needed",[142,36868,36869,36870,8363,36872],{},"Confusing ",[15,36871,35413],{},[15,36873,35863],{},[20,36875,36876],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[35,36878,36880],{"className":37,"code":36879,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,36881,36882,36904,36931,36965,36998],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36883,36884,36886,36888,36890,36892,36894,36896,36898,36900,36902],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36885,95],{"class":94},[44,36887,98],{"class":80},[44,36889,35707],{"class":94},[44,36891,2640],{"class":80},[44,36893,1982],{"class":1675},[44,36895,2646],{"class":80},[44,36897,7452],{"class":1675},[44,36899,2646],{"class":80},[44,36901,7457],{"class":1675},[44,36903,2656],{"class":80},[44,36905,36906,36908,36910,36912,36914,36916,36918,36920,36922,36924,36926,36928],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,36907,95],{"class":94},[44,36909,98],{"class":80},[44,36911,7754],{"class":1461},[44,36913,98],{"class":80},[44,36915,35707],{"class":94},[44,36917,2640],{"class":80},[44,36919,1982],{"class":1675},[44,36921,2646],{"class":80},[44,36923,7452],{"class":1675},[44,36925,2646],{"class":80},[44,36927,7457],{"class":1675},[44,36929,36930],{"class":80},"])))\n",[44,36932,36933,36935,36937,36939,36941,36943,36945,36947,36949,36951,36953,36955,36957,36959,36961,36963],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,36934,95],{"class":94},[44,36936,98],{"class":80},[44,36938,7754],{"class":1461},[44,36940,98],{"class":80},[44,36942,35707],{"class":94},[44,36944,2640],{"class":80},[44,36946,1982],{"class":1675},[44,36948,2646],{"class":80},[44,36950,7452],{"class":1675},[44,36952,2646],{"class":80},[44,36954,7457],{"class":1675},[44,36956,17728],{"class":80},[44,36958,35716],{"class":8835},[44,36960,55],{"class":54},[44,36962,2643],{"class":1675},[44,36964,2567],{"class":80},[44,36966,36967,36969,36971,36973,36975,36977,36979,36981,36983,36985,36987,36989,36991,36993,36995],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,36968,5623],{"class":524},[44,36970,35794],{"class":50},[44,36972,2646],{"class":80},[44,36974,21252],{"class":50},[44,36976,3544],{"class":524},[44,36978,35495],{"class":94},[44,36980,2640],{"class":80},[44,36982,655],{"class":58},[44,36984,243],{"class":62},[44,36986,655],{"class":58},[44,36988,2646],{"class":80},[44,36990,2955],{"class":58},[44,36992,842],{"class":62},[44,36994,655],{"class":58},[44,36996,36997],{"class":80},"]):\n",[44,36999,37000,37002,37004,37006,37008,37010],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,37001,553],{"class":94},[44,37003,98],{"class":80},[44,37005,35819],{"class":84},[44,37007,2646],{"class":80},[44,37009,8094],{"class":84},[44,37011,104],{"class":80},[20,37013,16623],{},[35,37015,37017],{"className":37,"code":37016,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37018,37019,37039,37071,37103,37109],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37020,37021,37023,37025,37027,37030,37034,37037],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37022,2949],{"class":54},[44,37024,35707],{"class":94},[44,37026,24285],{"class":1461},[44,37028,37029],{"class":50}," at ",[44,37031,37033],{"class":37032},"srjyR","0x",[44,37035,37036],{"class":605},"...",[44,37038,2962],{"class":54},[44,37040,37041,37043,37045,37047,37049,37051,37053,37055,37057,37059,37061,37063,37065,37067,37069],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,37042,21407],{"class":80},[44,37044,1772],{"class":1675},[44,37046,2646],{"class":80},[44,37048,5670],{"class":1675},[44,37050,8893],{"class":80},[44,37052,8896],{"class":80},[44,37054,2643],{"class":1675},[44,37056,2646],{"class":80},[44,37058,7452],{"class":1675},[44,37060,8893],{"class":80},[44,37062,8896],{"class":80},[44,37064,1708],{"class":1675},[44,37066,2646],{"class":80},[44,37068,7457],{"class":1675},[44,37070,8909],{"class":80},[44,37072,37073,37075,37077,37079,37081,37083,37085,37087,37089,37091,37093,37095,37097,37099,37101],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,37074,21407],{"class":80},[44,37076,2643],{"class":1675},[44,37078,2646],{"class":80},[44,37080,5670],{"class":1675},[44,37082,8893],{"class":80},[44,37084,8896],{"class":80},[44,37086,1708],{"class":1675},[44,37088,2646],{"class":80},[44,37090,7452],{"class":1675},[44,37092,8893],{"class":80},[44,37094,8896],{"class":80},[44,37096,1714],{"class":1675},[44,37098,2646],{"class":80},[44,37100,7457],{"class":1675},[44,37102,8909],{"class":80},[44,37104,37105,37107],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,37106,1772],{"class":1675},[44,37108,35840],{"class":50},[44,37110,37111,37113],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,37112,2643],{"class":1675},[44,37114,35847],{"class":50},[30,37116,1478],{"id":1477},[267,37118,1504,37120,4807],{"id":37119},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37121,35413],{},[20,37123,37124],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[267,37126,1482,37128,37130],{"id":37127},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37129,35413],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37132,37133,37134,37136,37137,37140],{},"It starts at ",[15,37135,1772],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37138,37139],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[267,37142,21088,37144,10752,37146,1520],{"id":37143},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37145,35413],{},[15,37147,37148],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37150,36257,37151,37153],{},[15,37152,35413],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[267,37155,4832,37157,37159],{"id":37156},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37158,35413],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37161,37162,37163,37165],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37164,35413],{}," can return each character with its index.",[30,37167,1545],{"id":1544},[139,37169,37170,37174,37180,37187],{},[142,37171,37172],{},[243,37173,35693],{"href":35692},[142,37175,37176],{},[243,37177,3234,37178,3167],{"href":35860},[15,37179,35863],{},[142,37181,37182],{},[243,37183,37184,37185,36273],{"href":36269},"How to use ",[15,37186,35413],{},[142,37188,37189],{},[243,37190,4879],{"href":5251},[1577,37192,37193],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":37195},[37196,37197,37199,37200,37202,37204,37206,37213,37214,37224],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":35553,"depth":69,"text":37198},"What enumerate() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":35866,"depth":69,"text":37201},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36081,"depth":69,"text":37203},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36276,"depth":69,"text":37205},"Using the start argument",{"id":25024,"depth":69,"text":25025,"children":37207},[37208,37209,37210,37212],{"id":36416,"depth":91,"text":36417},{"id":36512,"depth":91,"text":36513},{"id":36676,"depth":91,"text":37211},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":36765,"depth":91,"text":36766},{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":37215},[37216,37218,37220,37222],{"id":37119,"depth":91,"text":37217},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37127,"depth":91,"text":37219},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37143,"depth":91,"text":37221},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37156,"depth":91,"text":37223},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35405,"description":37225},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37232,"title":37233,"body":37234,"description":39750,"extension":1611,"meta":39751,"navigation":184,"path":39752,"seo":39753,"stem":39754,"__hash__":39755},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37235,"toc":39707},[37236,37242,37247,37250,37258,37272,37274,37365,37373,37378,37383,37385,37401,37403,37482,37484,37501,37507,37511,37513,37534,37538,37541,37553,37557,37560,37563,37580,37583,37659,37661,37678,37683,37687,37695,37698,37713,37715,37804,37806,37851,37854,37858,37861,37940,37942,37964,37967,37974,37979,37982,38085,38087,38112,38115,38122,38128,38133,38136,38147,38253,38255,38276,38284,38291,38297,38316,38321,38324,38343,38345,38430,38432,38461,38464,38469,38474,38477,38488,38490,38579,38581,38601,38607,38713,38715,38735,38738,38822,38824,38844,38851,38853,38857,38863,38866,38923,38926,38929,38990,38999,39002,39005,39033,39036,39096,39098,39115,39119,39122,39200,39202,39222,39225,39300,39304,39307,39309,39318,39323,39325,39376,39384,39396,39401,39462,39464,39481,39485,39548,39550,39575,39583,39585,39591,39597,39604,39612,39618,39621,39628,39638,39644,39650,39653,39670,39676,39678,39704],[10,37237,3234,37239,3238],{"id":37238},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37240,37241],{},"filter()",[20,37243,37244,37246],{},[15,37245,37241],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37248,37249],{},"It takes:",[139,37251,37252,37255],{},[142,37253,37254],{},"a function that checks each item",[142,37256,37257],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37259,37260,37261,37264,37265,37268,37269,37271],{},"The result is ",[830,37262,37263],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37266,37267],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37270,24448],{}," to see the values.",[30,37273,1653],{"id":1652},[35,37275,37277],{"className":37,"code":37276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37278,37279,37312,37348],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37280,37281,37283,37285,37287,37289,37291,37293,37295,37297,37299,37301,37303,37305,37307,37310],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37282,3276],{"class":50},[44,37284,55],{"class":54},[44,37286,3281],{"class":80},[44,37288,2643],{"class":1675},[44,37290,2646],{"class":80},[44,37292,2649],{"class":1675},[44,37294,2646],{"class":80},[44,37296,2104],{"class":1675},[44,37298,2646],{"class":80},[44,37300,2110],{"class":1675},[44,37302,2646],{"class":80},[44,37304,4270],{"class":1675},[44,37306,2646],{"class":80},[44,37308,37309],{"class":1675}," 6",[44,37311,3294],{"class":80},[44,37313,37314,37316,37318,37321,37323,37326,37330,37332,37334,37336,37338,37340,37342,37344,37346],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,37315,1880],{"class":50},[44,37317,55],{"class":54},[44,37319,37320],{"class":94}," filter",[44,37322,98],{"class":80},[44,37324,37325],{"class":1717},"lambda",[44,37327,37329],{"class":37328},"sFwrP"," x",[44,37331,2539],{"class":80},[44,37333,3541],{"class":84},[44,37335,6067],{"class":54},[44,37337,2649],{"class":1675},[44,37339,538],{"class":54},[44,37341,3495],{"class":1675},[44,37343,2646],{"class":80},[44,37345,3926],{"class":84},[44,37347,104],{"class":80},[44,37349,37350,37352,37354,37356,37358,37360,37362],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,37351,95],{"class":94},[44,37353,98],{"class":80},[44,37355,7754],{"class":1461},[44,37357,98],{"class":80},[44,37359,1915],{"class":84},[44,37361,5025],{"class":80},[44,37363,37364],{"class":3324},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37366,37367,37369,37370,37372],{},[15,37368,37241],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37371,24448],{}," to see the results.",[30,37374,126,37376,129],{"id":37375},"what-filter-does",[15,37377,37241],{},[20,37379,37380,37382],{},[15,37381,37241],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37384,1759],{},[139,37386,37387,37390,37396],{},[142,37388,37389],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[142,37391,37392,37393,37395],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37394,3263],{},", the item is kept",[142,37397,37392,37398,37400],{},[15,37399,3335],{},", the item is removed",[20,37402,161],{},[35,37404,37406],{"className":37,"code":37405,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37407,37408,37436,37440,37468],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37409,37410,37412,37414,37416,37418,37420,37422,37424,37426,37428,37430,37432,37434],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37411,3276],{"class":50},[44,37413,55],{"class":54},[44,37415,3281],{"class":80},[44,37417,2643],{"class":1675},[44,37419,2646],{"class":80},[44,37421,2649],{"class":1675},[44,37423,2646],{"class":80},[44,37425,2104],{"class":1675},[44,37427,2646],{"class":80},[44,37429,2110],{"class":1675},[44,37431,2646],{"class":80},[44,37433,4270],{"class":1675},[44,37435,3294],{"class":80},[44,37437,37438],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,37439,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,37441,37442,37444,37446,37448,37450,37452,37454,37456,37458,37460,37462,37464,37466],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,37443,1880],{"class":50},[44,37445,55],{"class":54},[44,37447,37320],{"class":94},[44,37449,98],{"class":80},[44,37451,37325],{"class":1717},[44,37453,37329],{"class":37328},[44,37455,2539],{"class":80},[44,37457,3541],{"class":84},[44,37459,3915],{"class":54},[44,37461,2104],{"class":1675},[44,37463,2646],{"class":80},[44,37465,3926],{"class":84},[44,37467,104],{"class":80},[44,37469,37470,37472,37474,37476,37478,37480],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,37471,95],{"class":94},[44,37473,98],{"class":80},[44,37475,7754],{"class":1461},[44,37477,98],{"class":80},[44,37479,1915],{"class":84},[44,37481,370],{"class":80},[20,37483,107],{},[35,37485,37487],{"className":37,"code":37486,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37488,37489],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37490,37491,37493,37495,37497,37499],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37492,3561],{"class":80},[44,37494,2158],{"class":1675},[44,37496,2646],{"class":80},[44,37498,4270],{"class":1675},[44,37500,3294],{"class":80},[20,37502,37503,37504,37506],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37505,1714],{}," are kept.",[30,37508,37510],{"id":37509},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37512,1812],{},[35,37514,37516],{"className":37,"code":37515,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37517,37518],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37519,37520,37522,37524,37527,37529,37532],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37521,37267],{"class":94},[44,37523,98],{"class":80},[44,37525,37526],{"class":84},"function",[44,37528,2646],{"class":80},[44,37530,37531],{"class":84}," iterable",[44,37533,104],{"class":80},[267,37535,37536],{"id":37526},[15,37537,37526],{},[20,37539,37540],{},"This is the test function.",[139,37542,37543,37546],{},[142,37544,37545],{},"It receives one item at a time",[142,37547,37548,37549,2532,37551],{},"It should return ",[15,37550,3263],{},[15,37552,3335],{},[267,37554,37555],{"id":3381},[15,37556,3381],{},[20,37558,37559],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37561,37562],{},"It can be:",[139,37564,37565,37568,37571,37574,37577],{},[142,37566,37567],{},"a list",[142,37569,37570],{},"a tuple",[142,37572,37573],{},"a string",[142,37575,37576],{},"a set",[142,37578,37579],{},"another iterable object",[20,37581,37582],{},"Example with a tuple:",[35,37584,37586],{"className":37,"code":37585,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37587,37588,37613,37617,37645],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37589,37590,37592,37594,37596,37598,37600,37603,37605,37607,37609,37611],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37591,3276],{"class":50},[44,37593,55],{"class":54},[44,37595,8896],{"class":80},[44,37597,1982],{"class":1675},[44,37599,2646],{"class":80},[44,37601,37602],{"class":1675}," 15",[44,37604,2646],{"class":80},[44,37606,7452],{"class":1675},[44,37608,2646],{"class":80},[44,37610,8966],{"class":1675},[44,37612,104],{"class":80},[44,37614,37615],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,37616,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,37618,37619,37621,37623,37625,37627,37629,37631,37633,37635,37637,37639,37641,37643],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,37620,1880],{"class":50},[44,37622,55],{"class":54},[44,37624,37320],{"class":94},[44,37626,98],{"class":80},[44,37628,37325],{"class":1717},[44,37630,37329],{"class":37328},[44,37632,2539],{"class":80},[44,37634,3541],{"class":84},[44,37636,4761],{"class":54},[44,37638,7452],{"class":1675},[44,37640,2646],{"class":80},[44,37642,3926],{"class":84},[44,37644,104],{"class":80},[44,37646,37647,37649,37651,37653,37655,37657],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,37648,95],{"class":94},[44,37650,98],{"class":80},[44,37652,7754],{"class":1461},[44,37654,98],{"class":80},[44,37656,1915],{"class":84},[44,37658,370],{"class":80},[20,37660,107],{},[35,37662,37664],{"className":37,"code":37663,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[20, 25]\n",[15,37665,37666],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37667,37668,37670,37672,37674,37676],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37669,3561],{"class":80},[44,37671,15418],{"class":1675},[44,37673,2646],{"class":80},[44,37675,8966],{"class":1675},[44,37677,3294],{"class":80},[20,37679,37680,37681,81],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[243,37682,4799],{"href":5251},[30,37684,37686],{"id":37685},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,37688,37689,37690,21642,37692,81],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,37691,37241],{},[830,37693,37694],{},"filter object",[20,37696,37697],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[139,37699,37700,37703,37708],{},[142,37701,37702],{},"loop through it",[142,37704,37705,37706],{},"convert it with ",[15,37707,24448],{},[142,37709,37705,37710],{},[15,37711,37712],{},"tuple()",[20,37714,161],{},[35,37716,37718],{"className":37,"code":37717,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37719,37720,37762,37766,37776,37790],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37721,37722,37724,37726,37728,37730,37732,37734,37736,37738,37740,37742,37744,37746,37748,37750,37752,37754,37756,37758,37760],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37723,1880],{"class":50},[44,37725,55],{"class":54},[44,37727,37320],{"class":94},[44,37729,98],{"class":80},[44,37731,37325],{"class":1717},[44,37733,37329],{"class":37328},[44,37735,2539],{"class":80},[44,37737,3541],{"class":84},[44,37739,3915],{"class":54},[44,37741,2649],{"class":1675},[44,37743,2646],{"class":80},[44,37745,3281],{"class":80},[44,37747,2643],{"class":1675},[44,37749,2646],{"class":80},[44,37751,2649],{"class":1675},[44,37753,2646],{"class":80},[44,37755,2104],{"class":1675},[44,37757,2646],{"class":80},[44,37759,2110],{"class":1675},[44,37761,3549],{"class":80},[44,37763,37764],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,37765,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,37767,37768,37770,37772,37774],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,37769,95],{"class":94},[44,37771,98],{"class":80},[44,37773,1915],{"class":84},[44,37775,104],{"class":80},[44,37777,37778,37780,37782,37784,37786,37788],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,37779,95],{"class":94},[44,37781,98],{"class":80},[44,37783,2880],{"class":1461},[44,37785,98],{"class":80},[44,37787,1915],{"class":84},[44,37789,370],{"class":80},[44,37791,37792,37794,37796,37798,37800,37802],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,37793,95],{"class":94},[44,37795,98],{"class":80},[44,37797,7754],{"class":1461},[44,37799,98],{"class":80},[44,37801,1915],{"class":84},[44,37803,370],{"class":80},[20,37805,107],{},[35,37807,37809],{"className":37,"code":37808,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,37810,37811,37825,37839],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37812,37813,37815,37817,37819,37821,37823],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37814,2949],{"class":54},[44,37816,37267],{"class":94},[44,37818,24285],{"class":1461},[44,37820,37029],{"class":50},[44,37822,37036],{"class":605},[44,37824,2962],{"class":54},[44,37826,37827,37829,37831,37833,37835,37837],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,37828,2949],{"class":54},[44,37830,2952],{"class":1717},[44,37832,2955],{"class":58},[44,37834,37267],{"class":62},[44,37836,655],{"class":58},[44,37838,2962],{"class":54},[44,37840,37841,37843,37845,37847,37849],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,37842,3561],{"class":80},[44,37844,1714],{"class":1675},[44,37846,2646],{"class":80},[44,37848,2110],{"class":1675},[44,37850,3294],{"class":80},[20,37852,37853],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[267,37855,37857],{"id":37856},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,37859,37860],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[35,37862,37864],{"className":37,"code":37863,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37865,37866,37908,37912,37926],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37867,37868,37870,37872,37874,37876,37878,37880,37882,37884,37886,37888,37890,37892,37894,37896,37898,37900,37902,37904,37906],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37869,1880],{"class":50},[44,37871,55],{"class":54},[44,37873,37320],{"class":94},[44,37875,98],{"class":80},[44,37877,37325],{"class":1717},[44,37879,37329],{"class":37328},[44,37881,2539],{"class":80},[44,37883,3541],{"class":84},[44,37885,3915],{"class":54},[44,37887,2649],{"class":1675},[44,37889,2646],{"class":80},[44,37891,3281],{"class":80},[44,37893,2643],{"class":1675},[44,37895,2646],{"class":80},[44,37897,2649],{"class":1675},[44,37899,2646],{"class":80},[44,37901,2104],{"class":1675},[44,37903,2646],{"class":80},[44,37905,2110],{"class":1675},[44,37907,3549],{"class":80},[44,37909,37910],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,37911,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,37913,37914,37916,37918,37920,37922,37924],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,37915,95],{"class":94},[44,37917,98],{"class":80},[44,37919,7754],{"class":1461},[44,37921,98],{"class":80},[44,37923,1915],{"class":84},[44,37925,370],{"class":80},[44,37927,37928,37930,37932,37934,37936,37938],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,37929,95],{"class":94},[44,37931,98],{"class":80},[44,37933,7754],{"class":1461},[44,37935,98],{"class":80},[44,37937,1915],{"class":84},[44,37939,370],{"class":80},[20,37941,107],{},[35,37943,37945],{"className":37,"code":37944,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,37946,37947,37959],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37948,37949,37951,37953,37955,37957],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37950,3561],{"class":80},[44,37952,1714],{"class":1675},[44,37954,2646],{"class":80},[44,37956,2110],{"class":1675},[44,37958,3294],{"class":80},[44,37960,37961],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,37962,37963],{"class":80},"[]\n",[20,37965,37966],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[30,37968,675,37970,8363,37972],{"id":37969},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,37971,37241],{},[15,37973,37325],{},[20,37975,14852,37976,37978],{},[15,37977,37325],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,37980,37981],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[35,37983,37985],{"className":37,"code":37984,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37986,37987,38029,38033,38071],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37988,37989,37991,37993,37995,37997,37999,38001,38003,38005,38008,38010,38012,38014,38016,38018,38020,38022,38025,38027],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37990,3732],{"class":50},[44,37992,55],{"class":54},[44,37994,3281],{"class":80},[44,37996,362],{"class":58},[44,37998,3741],{"class":62},[44,38000,362],{"class":58},[44,38002,2646],{"class":80},[44,38004,59],{"class":58},[44,38006,38007],{"class":62},"kiwi",[44,38009,362],{"class":58},[44,38011,2646],{"class":80},[44,38013,59],{"class":58},[44,38015,3750],{"class":62},[44,38017,362],{"class":58},[44,38019,2646],{"class":80},[44,38021,59],{"class":58},[44,38023,38024],{"class":62},"fig",[44,38026,362],{"class":58},[44,38028,3294],{"class":80},[44,38030,38031],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,38032,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,38034,38035,38037,38039,38041,38043,38045,38048,38050,38053,38055,38058,38060,38063,38065,38067,38069],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,38036,1880],{"class":50},[44,38038,55],{"class":54},[44,38040,37320],{"class":94},[44,38042,98],{"class":80},[44,38044,37325],{"class":1717},[44,38046,38047],{"class":37328}," word",[44,38049,2539],{"class":80},[44,38051,38052],{"class":94}," len",[44,38054,98],{"class":80},[44,38056,38057],{"class":84},"word",[44,38059,3321],{"class":80},[44,38061,38062],{"class":54}," >",[44,38064,2110],{"class":1675},[44,38066,2646],{"class":80},[44,38068,5834],{"class":84},[44,38070,104],{"class":80},[44,38072,38073,38075,38077,38079,38081,38083],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,38074,95],{"class":94},[44,38076,98],{"class":80},[44,38078,7754],{"class":1461},[44,38080,98],{"class":80},[44,38082,1915],{"class":84},[44,38084,370],{"class":80},[20,38086,107],{},[35,38088,38090],{"className":37,"code":38089,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38091,38092],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38093,38094,38096,38098,38100,38102,38104,38106,38108,38110],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38095,3561],{"class":80},[44,38097,655],{"class":58},[44,38099,3741],{"class":62},[44,38101,655],{"class":58},[44,38103,2646],{"class":80},[44,38105,2955],{"class":58},[44,38107,3750],{"class":62},[44,38109,655],{"class":58},[44,38111,3294],{"class":80},[20,38113,38114],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38116,38117,38118,81],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[243,38119,38121],{"href":38120},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[30,38123,675,38125,38127],{"id":38124},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38126,37241],{}," with a named function",[20,38129,38130,38131,81],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38132,37325],{},[20,38134,38135],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[139,38137,38138,38141,38144],{},[142,38139,38140],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[142,38142,38143],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[142,38145,38146],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[35,38148,38150],{"className":37,"code":38149,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38151,38152,38165,38180,38184,38216,38235,38239],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38153,38154,38156,38159,38161,38163],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38155,34514],{"class":1717},[44,38157,38158],{"class":34517}," is_even",[44,38160,98],{"class":80},[44,38162,1890],{"class":37328},[44,38164,8003],{"class":80},[44,38166,38167,38169,38171,38173,38175,38177],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,38168,34525],{"class":524},[44,38170,6051],{"class":50},[44,38172,6067],{"class":54},[44,38174,2649],{"class":1675},[44,38176,538],{"class":54},[44,38178,38179],{"class":1675}," 0\n",[44,38181,38182],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,38183,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,38185,38186,38188,38190,38192,38194,38196,38198,38200,38202,38204,38206,38208,38210,38212,38214],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,38187,3276],{"class":50},[44,38189,55],{"class":54},[44,38191,3281],{"class":80},[44,38193,2643],{"class":1675},[44,38195,2646],{"class":80},[44,38197,2649],{"class":1675},[44,38199,2646],{"class":80},[44,38201,2104],{"class":1675},[44,38203,2646],{"class":80},[44,38205,2110],{"class":1675},[44,38207,2646],{"class":80},[44,38209,4270],{"class":1675},[44,38211,2646],{"class":80},[44,38213,37309],{"class":1675},[44,38215,3294],{"class":80},[44,38217,38218,38220,38222,38224,38226,38229,38231,38233],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,38219,1880],{"class":50},[44,38221,55],{"class":54},[44,38223,37320],{"class":94},[44,38225,98],{"class":80},[44,38227,38228],{"class":84},"is_even",[44,38230,2646],{"class":80},[44,38232,3926],{"class":84},[44,38234,104],{"class":80},[44,38236,38237],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,38238,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,38240,38241,38243,38245,38247,38249,38251],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,38242,95],{"class":94},[44,38244,98],{"class":80},[44,38246,7754],{"class":1461},[44,38248,98],{"class":80},[44,38250,1915],{"class":84},[44,38252,370],{"class":80},[20,38254,107],{},[35,38256,38258],{"className":37,"code":38257,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38259,38260],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38261,38262,38264,38266,38268,38270,38272,38274],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38263,3561],{"class":80},[44,38265,1708],{"class":1675},[44,38267,2646],{"class":80},[44,38269,2110],{"class":1675},[44,38271,2646],{"class":80},[44,38273,37309],{"class":1675},[44,38275,3294],{"class":80},[20,38277,20438,38278,2049,38281,38283],{},[15,38279,38280],{},"is_even()",[15,38282,3263],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[30,38285,675,38287,8363,38289],{"id":38286},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38288,3439],{},[15,38290,37241],{},[20,38292,38293,38294,38296],{},"You can pass ",[15,38295,3439],{}," as the first argument:",[35,38298,38300],{"className":37,"code":38299,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38301,38302],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38303,38304,38306,38308,38310,38312,38314],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38305,37267],{"class":94},[44,38307,98],{"class":80},[44,38309,3439],{"class":3513},[44,38311,2646],{"class":80},[44,38313,37531],{"class":84},[44,38315,104],{"class":80},[20,38317,38318,38319,7002],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[830,38320,5261],{},[20,38322,38323],{},"Falsy values include:",[139,38325,38326,38330,38335,38339],{},[142,38327,38328],{},[15,38329,1772],{},[142,38331,38332,38334],{},[15,38333,3434],{}," (empty string)",[142,38336,38337],{},[15,38338,3439],{},[142,38340,38341],{},[15,38342,3335],{},[20,38344,161],{},[35,38346,38348],{"className":37,"code":38347,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38349,38350,38394,38398,38416],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38351,38352,38354,38356,38358,38360,38362,38364,38366,38368,38370,38372,38374,38376,38378,38380,38382,38384,38386,38388,38390,38392],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38353,7441],{"class":50},[44,38355,55],{"class":54},[44,38357,3281],{"class":80},[44,38359,1772],{"class":1675},[44,38361,2646],{"class":80},[44,38363,5162],{"class":1675},[44,38365,2646],{"class":80},[44,38367,5792],{"class":58},[44,38369,2646],{"class":80},[44,38371,59],{"class":58},[44,38373,986],{"class":62},[44,38375,362],{"class":58},[44,38377,2646],{"class":80},[44,38379,3514],{"class":3513},[44,38381,2646],{"class":80},[44,38383,3577],{"class":3513},[44,38385,2646],{"class":80},[44,38387,3568],{"class":3513},[44,38389,2646],{"class":80},[44,38391,4270],{"class":1675},[44,38393,3294],{"class":80},[44,38395,38396],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,38397,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,38399,38400,38402,38404,38406,38408,38410,38412,38414],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,38401,1880],{"class":50},[44,38403,55],{"class":54},[44,38405,37320],{"class":94},[44,38407,98],{"class":80},[44,38409,3439],{"class":3513},[44,38411,2646],{"class":80},[44,38413,5631],{"class":84},[44,38415,104],{"class":80},[44,38417,38418,38420,38422,38424,38426,38428],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,38419,95],{"class":94},[44,38421,98],{"class":80},[44,38423,7754],{"class":1461},[44,38425,98],{"class":80},[44,38427,1915],{"class":84},[44,38429,370],{"class":80},[20,38431,107],{},[35,38433,38435],{"className":37,"code":38434,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38436,38437],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38438,38439,38441,38443,38445,38447,38449,38451,38453,38455,38457,38459],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38440,3561],{"class":80},[44,38442,2643],{"class":1675},[44,38444,2646],{"class":80},[44,38446,2955],{"class":58},[44,38448,986],{"class":62},[44,38450,655],{"class":58},[44,38452,2646],{"class":80},[44,38454,3577],{"class":3513},[44,38456,2646],{"class":80},[44,38458,4270],{"class":1675},[44,38460,3294],{"class":80},[20,38462,38463],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[30,38465,1133,38467],{"id":38466},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38468,37241],{},[20,38470,119,38471,38473],{},[15,38472,37241],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38475,38476],{},"It works well for:",[139,38478,38479,38482,38485],{},[142,38480,38481],{},"simple filtering rules",[142,38483,38484],{},"quick data cleaning",[142,38486,38487],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38489,161],{},[35,38491,38493],{"className":37,"code":38492,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38494,38495,38527,38560,38564],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38496,38497,38499,38501,38503,38505,38507,38509,38511,38513,38515,38517,38519,38521,38523,38525],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38498,3276],{"class":50},[44,38500,55],{"class":54},[44,38502,3281],{"class":80},[44,38504,2643],{"class":1675},[44,38506,2646],{"class":80},[44,38508,2649],{"class":1675},[44,38510,2646],{"class":80},[44,38512,2104],{"class":1675},[44,38514,2646],{"class":80},[44,38516,2110],{"class":1675},[44,38518,2646],{"class":80},[44,38520,4270],{"class":1675},[44,38522,2646],{"class":80},[44,38524,37309],{"class":1675},[44,38526,3294],{"class":80},[44,38528,38529,38532,38534,38536,38538,38540,38542,38544,38546,38548,38550,38552,38554,38556,38558],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,38530,38531],{"class":50},"evens ",[44,38533,55],{"class":54},[44,38535,37320],{"class":94},[44,38537,98],{"class":80},[44,38539,37325],{"class":1717},[44,38541,37329],{"class":37328},[44,38543,2539],{"class":80},[44,38545,3541],{"class":84},[44,38547,6067],{"class":54},[44,38549,2649],{"class":1675},[44,38551,538],{"class":54},[44,38553,3495],{"class":1675},[44,38555,2646],{"class":80},[44,38557,3926],{"class":84},[44,38559,104],{"class":80},[44,38561,38562],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,38563,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,38565,38566,38568,38570,38572,38574,38577],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,38567,95],{"class":94},[44,38569,98],{"class":80},[44,38571,7754],{"class":1461},[44,38573,98],{"class":80},[44,38575,38576],{"class":84},"evens",[44,38578,370],{"class":80},[20,38580,107],{},[35,38582,38583],{"className":37,"code":38257,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,38584,38585],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38586,38587,38589,38591,38593,38595,38597,38599],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38588,3561],{"class":80},[44,38590,1708],{"class":1675},[44,38592,2646],{"class":80},[44,38594,2110],{"class":1675},[44,38596,2646],{"class":80},[44,38598,37309],{"class":1675},[44,38600,3294],{"class":80},[20,38602,38603,38604,38606],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,38605,5623],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[35,38608,38610],{"className":37,"code":38609,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38611,38612,38644,38652,38656,38668,38684,38699,38703],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38613,38614,38616,38618,38620,38622,38624,38626,38628,38630,38632,38634,38636,38638,38640,38642],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38615,3276],{"class":50},[44,38617,55],{"class":54},[44,38619,3281],{"class":80},[44,38621,2643],{"class":1675},[44,38623,2646],{"class":80},[44,38625,2649],{"class":1675},[44,38627,2646],{"class":80},[44,38629,2104],{"class":1675},[44,38631,2646],{"class":80},[44,38633,2110],{"class":1675},[44,38635,2646],{"class":80},[44,38637,4270],{"class":1675},[44,38639,2646],{"class":80},[44,38641,37309],{"class":1675},[44,38643,3294],{"class":80},[44,38645,38646,38648,38650],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,38647,38531],{"class":50},[44,38649,55],{"class":54},[44,38651,7501],{"class":80},[44,38653,38654],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,38655,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,38657,38658,38660,38662,38664,38666],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,38659,5623],{"class":524},[44,38661,6051],{"class":50},[44,38663,3544],{"class":524},[44,38665,3926],{"class":50},[44,38667,548],{"class":80},[44,38669,38670,38672,38674,38676,38678,38680,38682],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,38671,6062],{"class":524},[44,38673,6051],{"class":50},[44,38675,6067],{"class":54},[44,38677,2649],{"class":1675},[44,38679,538],{"class":54},[44,38681,3495],{"class":1675},[44,38683,548],{"class":80},[44,38685,38686,38689,38691,38693,38695,38697],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,38687,38688],{"class":50},"        evens",[44,38690,81],{"class":80},[44,38692,13216],{"class":84},[44,38694,98],{"class":80},[44,38696,1890],{"class":84},[44,38698,104],{"class":80},[44,38700,38701],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,38702,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,38704,38705,38707,38709,38711],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,38706,95],{"class":94},[44,38708,98],{"class":80},[44,38710,38576],{"class":84},[44,38712,104],{"class":80},[20,38714,107],{},[35,38716,38717],{"className":37,"code":38257,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,38718,38719],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38720,38721,38723,38725,38727,38729,38731,38733],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38722,3561],{"class":80},[44,38724,1708],{"class":1675},[44,38726,2646],{"class":80},[44,38728,2110],{"class":1675},[44,38730,2646],{"class":80},[44,38732,37309],{"class":1675},[44,38734,3294],{"class":80},[20,38736,38737],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[35,38739,38741],{"className":37,"code":38740,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38742,38743,38775,38808,38812],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38744,38745,38747,38749,38751,38753,38755,38757,38759,38761,38763,38765,38767,38769,38771,38773],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38746,3276],{"class":50},[44,38748,55],{"class":54},[44,38750,3281],{"class":80},[44,38752,2643],{"class":1675},[44,38754,2646],{"class":80},[44,38756,2649],{"class":1675},[44,38758,2646],{"class":80},[44,38760,2104],{"class":1675},[44,38762,2646],{"class":80},[44,38764,2110],{"class":1675},[44,38766,2646],{"class":80},[44,38768,4270],{"class":1675},[44,38770,2646],{"class":80},[44,38772,37309],{"class":1675},[44,38774,3294],{"class":80},[44,38776,38777,38779,38781,38783,38785,38787,38789,38791,38794,38796,38798,38800,38802,38804,38806],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,38778,38531],{"class":50},[44,38780,55],{"class":54},[44,38782,3281],{"class":80},[44,38784,1867],{"class":50},[44,38786,5623],{"class":524},[44,38788,6051],{"class":50},[44,38790,3544],{"class":524},[44,38792,38793],{"class":50}," numbers ",[44,38795,525],{"class":524},[44,38797,6051],{"class":50},[44,38799,6067],{"class":54},[44,38801,2649],{"class":1675},[44,38803,538],{"class":54},[44,38805,3495],{"class":1675},[44,38807,3294],{"class":80},[44,38809,38810],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,38811,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,38813,38814,38816,38818,38820],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,38815,95],{"class":94},[44,38817,98],{"class":80},[44,38819,38576],{"class":84},[44,38821,104],{"class":80},[20,38823,107],{},[35,38825,38826],{"className":37,"code":38257,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,38827,38828],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38829,38830,38832,38834,38836,38838,38840,38842],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38831,3561],{"class":80},[44,38833,1708],{"class":1675},[44,38835,2646],{"class":80},[44,38837,2110],{"class":1675},[44,38839,2646],{"class":80},[44,38841,37309],{"class":1675},[44,38843,3294],{"class":80},[20,38845,38846,38847,81],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[243,38848,38850],{"href":38849},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[30,38852,1238],{"id":1237},[20,38854,14396,38855,81],{},[15,38856,37241],{},[267,38858,1246,38860,38862],{"id":38859},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,38861,37241],{}," to return a list",[20,38864,38865],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[35,38867,38869],{"className":37,"code":38868,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,38870,38871,38913],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38872,38873,38875,38877,38879,38881,38883,38885,38887,38889,38891,38893,38895,38897,38899,38901,38903,38905,38907,38909,38911],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38874,1880],{"class":50},[44,38876,55],{"class":54},[44,38878,37320],{"class":94},[44,38880,98],{"class":80},[44,38882,37325],{"class":1717},[44,38884,37329],{"class":37328},[44,38886,2539],{"class":80},[44,38888,3541],{"class":84},[44,38890,3915],{"class":54},[44,38892,2649],{"class":1675},[44,38894,2646],{"class":80},[44,38896,3281],{"class":80},[44,38898,2643],{"class":1675},[44,38900,2646],{"class":80},[44,38902,2649],{"class":1675},[44,38904,2646],{"class":80},[44,38906,2104],{"class":1675},[44,38908,2646],{"class":80},[44,38910,2110],{"class":1675},[44,38912,3549],{"class":80},[44,38914,38915,38917,38919,38921],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,38916,95],{"class":94},[44,38918,98],{"class":80},[44,38920,1915],{"class":84},[44,38922,104],{"class":80},[20,38924,38925],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,38927,38928],{},"Fix:",[35,38930,38932],{"className":37,"code":38931,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38933,38934,38976],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38935,38936,38938,38940,38942,38944,38946,38948,38950,38952,38954,38956,38958,38960,38962,38964,38966,38968,38970,38972,38974],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38937,1880],{"class":50},[44,38939,55],{"class":54},[44,38941,37320],{"class":94},[44,38943,98],{"class":80},[44,38945,37325],{"class":1717},[44,38947,37329],{"class":37328},[44,38949,2539],{"class":80},[44,38951,3541],{"class":84},[44,38953,3915],{"class":54},[44,38955,2649],{"class":1675},[44,38957,2646],{"class":80},[44,38959,3281],{"class":80},[44,38961,2643],{"class":1675},[44,38963,2646],{"class":80},[44,38965,2649],{"class":1675},[44,38967,2646],{"class":80},[44,38969,2104],{"class":1675},[44,38971,2646],{"class":80},[44,38973,2110],{"class":1675},[44,38975,3549],{"class":80},[44,38977,38978,38980,38982,38984,38986,38988],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,38979,95],{"class":94},[44,38981,98],{"class":80},[44,38983,7754],{"class":1461},[44,38985,98],{"class":80},[44,38987,1915],{"class":84},[44,38989,370],{"class":80},[267,38991,38993,38994,2532,38996,38998],{"id":38992},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,38995,3263],{},[15,38997,3335],{}," clearly",[20,39000,39001],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39003,39004],{},"Good example:",[35,39006,39008],{"className":37,"code":39007,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39009,39010,39023],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39011,39012,39014,39017,39019,39021],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39013,34514],{"class":1717},[44,39015,39016],{"class":34517}," is_positive",[44,39018,98],{"class":80},[44,39020,1890],{"class":37328},[44,39022,8003],{"class":80},[44,39024,39025,39027,39029,39031],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,39026,34525],{"class":524},[44,39028,6051],{"class":50},[44,39030,3915],{"class":54},[44,39032,38179],{"class":1675},[20,39034,39035],{},"Then use it with:",[35,39037,39039],{"className":37,"code":39038,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39040,39041,39073],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39042,39043,39045,39047,39049,39051,39053,39055,39057,39059,39061,39063,39065,39067,39069,39071],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39044,3276],{"class":50},[44,39046,55],{"class":54},[44,39048,3281],{"class":80},[44,39050,1672],{"class":54},[44,39052,1708],{"class":1675},[44,39054,2646],{"class":80},[44,39056,1872],{"class":54},[44,39058,2643],{"class":1675},[44,39060,2646],{"class":80},[44,39062,3495],{"class":1675},[44,39064,2646],{"class":80},[44,39066,5162],{"class":1675},[44,39068,2646],{"class":80},[44,39070,2649],{"class":1675},[44,39072,3294],{"class":80},[44,39074,39075,39077,39079,39081,39083,39085,39087,39090,39092,39094],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,39076,95],{"class":94},[44,39078,98],{"class":80},[44,39080,7754],{"class":1461},[44,39082,98],{"class":80},[44,39084,37267],{"class":94},[44,39086,98],{"class":80},[44,39088,39089],{"class":84},"is_positive",[44,39091,2646],{"class":80},[44,39093,3926],{"class":84},[44,39095,2567],{"class":80},[20,39097,107],{},[35,39099,39101],{"className":37,"code":39100,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39102,39103],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39104,39105,39107,39109,39111,39113],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39106,3561],{"class":80},[44,39108,2643],{"class":1675},[44,39110,2646],{"class":80},[44,39112,2649],{"class":1675},[44,39114,3294],{"class":80},[267,39116,39118],{"id":39117},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39120,39121],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[35,39123,39124],{"className":37,"code":37863,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,39125,39126,39168,39172,39186],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39127,39128,39130,39132,39134,39136,39138,39140,39142,39144,39146,39148,39150,39152,39154,39156,39158,39160,39162,39164,39166],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39129,1880],{"class":50},[44,39131,55],{"class":54},[44,39133,37320],{"class":94},[44,39135,98],{"class":80},[44,39137,37325],{"class":1717},[44,39139,37329],{"class":37328},[44,39141,2539],{"class":80},[44,39143,3541],{"class":84},[44,39145,3915],{"class":54},[44,39147,2649],{"class":1675},[44,39149,2646],{"class":80},[44,39151,3281],{"class":80},[44,39153,2643],{"class":1675},[44,39155,2646],{"class":80},[44,39157,2649],{"class":1675},[44,39159,2646],{"class":80},[44,39161,2104],{"class":1675},[44,39163,2646],{"class":80},[44,39165,2110],{"class":1675},[44,39167,3549],{"class":80},[44,39169,39170],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,39171,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,39173,39174,39176,39178,39180,39182,39184],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,39175,95],{"class":94},[44,39177,98],{"class":80},[44,39179,7754],{"class":1461},[44,39181,98],{"class":80},[44,39183,1915],{"class":84},[44,39185,370],{"class":80},[44,39187,39188,39190,39192,39194,39196,39198],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,39189,95],{"class":94},[44,39191,98],{"class":80},[44,39193,7754],{"class":1461},[44,39195,98],{"class":80},[44,39197,1915],{"class":84},[44,39199,370],{"class":80},[20,39201,107],{},[35,39203,39204],{"className":37,"code":37944,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,39205,39206,39218],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39207,39208,39210,39212,39214,39216],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39209,3561],{"class":80},[44,39211,1714],{"class":1675},[44,39213,2646],{"class":80},[44,39215,2110],{"class":1675},[44,39217,3294],{"class":80},[44,39219,39220],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,39221,37963],{"class":80},[20,39223,39224],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[35,39226,39228],{"className":37,"code":39227,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39229,39230,39276,39280,39290],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39231,39232,39234,39236,39238,39240,39242,39244,39246,39248,39250,39252,39254,39256,39258,39260,39262,39264,39266,39268,39270,39272,39274],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39233,1880],{"class":50},[44,39235,55],{"class":54},[44,39237,22227],{"class":1461},[44,39239,98],{"class":80},[44,39241,37267],{"class":94},[44,39243,98],{"class":80},[44,39245,37325],{"class":1717},[44,39247,37329],{"class":37328},[44,39249,2539],{"class":80},[44,39251,3541],{"class":84},[44,39253,3915],{"class":54},[44,39255,2649],{"class":1675},[44,39257,2646],{"class":80},[44,39259,3281],{"class":80},[44,39261,2643],{"class":1675},[44,39263,2646],{"class":80},[44,39265,2649],{"class":1675},[44,39267,2646],{"class":80},[44,39269,2104],{"class":1675},[44,39271,2646],{"class":80},[44,39273,2110],{"class":1675},[44,39275,2656],{"class":80},[44,39277,39278],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,39279,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,39281,39282,39284,39286,39288],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,39283,95],{"class":94},[44,39285,98],{"class":80},[44,39287,1915],{"class":84},[44,39289,104],{"class":80},[44,39291,39292,39294,39296,39298],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,39293,95],{"class":94},[44,39295,98],{"class":80},[44,39297,1915],{"class":84},[44,39299,104],{"class":80},[267,39301,39303],{"id":39302},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39305,39306],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39308,16308],{},[35,39310,39312],{"className":37,"code":39311,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39313,39314],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39315,39316],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39317,39311],{"class":3324},[20,39319,39320,39321,6215],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39322,1982],{},[20,39324,16320],{},[35,39326,39328],{"className":37,"code":39327,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39329,39330],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39331,39332,39334,39336,39338,39340,39342,39344,39346,39348,39350,39352,39354,39356,39358,39360,39362,39364,39366,39368,39370,39372,39374],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39333,95],{"class":94},[44,39335,98],{"class":80},[44,39337,7754],{"class":1461},[44,39339,98],{"class":80},[44,39341,37267],{"class":94},[44,39343,98],{"class":80},[44,39345,37325],{"class":1717},[44,39347,37329],{"class":37328},[44,39349,2539],{"class":80},[44,39351,3541],{"class":84},[44,39353,3915],{"class":54},[44,39355,2649],{"class":1675},[44,39357,2646],{"class":80},[44,39359,3281],{"class":80},[44,39361,2643],{"class":1675},[44,39363,2646],{"class":80},[44,39365,2649],{"class":1675},[44,39367,2646],{"class":80},[44,39369,2104],{"class":1675},[44,39371,2646],{"class":80},[44,39373,2110],{"class":1675},[44,39375,36930],{"class":80},[267,39377,36869,39379,8363,39381],{"id":39378},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39380,37241],{},[15,39382,39383],{},"map()",[139,39385,39386,39391],{},[142,39387,39388,39390],{},[15,39389,37241],{}," keeps or removes items",[142,39392,39393,39395],{},[15,39394,39383],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39397,39398,39399,2539],{},"Example of ",[15,39400,37241],{},[35,39402,39404],{"className":37,"code":39403,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39405,39406,39430],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39407,39408,39410,39412,39414,39416,39418,39420,39422,39424,39426,39428],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39409,3276],{"class":50},[44,39411,55],{"class":54},[44,39413,3281],{"class":80},[44,39415,2643],{"class":1675},[44,39417,2646],{"class":80},[44,39419,2649],{"class":1675},[44,39421,2646],{"class":80},[44,39423,2104],{"class":1675},[44,39425,2646],{"class":80},[44,39427,2110],{"class":1675},[44,39429,3294],{"class":80},[44,39431,39432,39434,39436,39438,39440,39442,39444,39446,39448,39450,39452,39454,39456,39458,39460],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,39433,95],{"class":94},[44,39435,98],{"class":80},[44,39437,7754],{"class":1461},[44,39439,98],{"class":80},[44,39441,37267],{"class":94},[44,39443,98],{"class":80},[44,39445,37325],{"class":1717},[44,39447,37329],{"class":37328},[44,39449,2539],{"class":80},[44,39451,3541],{"class":84},[44,39453,3915],{"class":54},[44,39455,2649],{"class":1675},[44,39457,2646],{"class":80},[44,39459,3926],{"class":84},[44,39461,2567],{"class":80},[20,39463,107],{},[35,39465,39467],{"className":37,"code":39466,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39468,39469],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39470,39471,39473,39475,39477,39479],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39472,3561],{"class":80},[44,39474,1714],{"class":1675},[44,39476,2646],{"class":80},[44,39478,2110],{"class":1675},[44,39480,3294],{"class":80},[20,39482,39398,39483,2539],{},[15,39484,39383],{},[35,39486,39488],{"className":37,"code":39487,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39489,39490,39514],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39491,39492,39494,39496,39498,39500,39502,39504,39506,39508,39510,39512],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39493,3276],{"class":50},[44,39495,55],{"class":54},[44,39497,3281],{"class":80},[44,39499,2643],{"class":1675},[44,39501,2646],{"class":80},[44,39503,2649],{"class":1675},[44,39505,2646],{"class":80},[44,39507,2104],{"class":1675},[44,39509,2646],{"class":80},[44,39511,2110],{"class":1675},[44,39513,3294],{"class":80},[44,39515,39516,39518,39520,39522,39524,39527,39529,39531,39533,39535,39537,39540,39542,39544,39546],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,39517,95],{"class":94},[44,39519,98],{"class":80},[44,39521,7754],{"class":1461},[44,39523,98],{"class":80},[44,39525,39526],{"class":94},"map",[44,39528,98],{"class":80},[44,39530,37325],{"class":1717},[44,39532,37329],{"class":37328},[44,39534,2539],{"class":80},[44,39536,3541],{"class":84},[44,39538,39539],{"class":54},"*",[44,39541,2649],{"class":1675},[44,39543,2646],{"class":80},[44,39545,3926],{"class":84},[44,39547,2567],{"class":80},[20,39549,107],{},[35,39551,39553],{"className":37,"code":39552,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39554,39555],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39556,39557,39559,39561,39563,39565,39567,39569,39571,39573],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39558,3561],{"class":80},[44,39560,1708],{"class":1675},[44,39562,2646],{"class":80},[44,39564,2110],{"class":1675},[44,39566,2646],{"class":80},[44,39568,37309],{"class":1675},[44,39570,2646],{"class":80},[44,39572,6024],{"class":1675},[44,39574,3294],{"class":80},[20,39576,39577,39578,81],{},"For the related function, see ",[243,39579,3234,39581,3167],{"href":39580},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39582,39383],{},[30,39584,1478],{"id":1477},[267,39586,1482,39588,39590],{"id":39587},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,39589,37241],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,39592,39593,39594,39596],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,39595,24448],{}," if needed.",[267,39598,39600,39601,39603],{"id":39599},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,39602,37241],{}," need to return?",[20,39605,37548,39606,39608,39609,39611],{},[15,39607,3263],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,39610,3335],{}," to remove it.",[267,39613,27996,39615,39617],{"id":39614},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,39616,37241],{}," without lambda?",[20,39619,39620],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[267,39622,1504,39624,39627],{"id":39623},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,39625,39626],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,39629,39630,39631,39633,39634,16737,39636,81],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,39632,1772],{},", empty strings, ",[15,39635,3439],{},[15,39637,3335],{},[267,39639,21088,39641,39643],{"id":39640},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,39642,37241],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,39645,39646,39647,39649],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,39648,5623],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,39651,39652],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[139,39654,39655,39661,39667],{},[142,39656,39657,39658,39660],{},"use ",[15,39659,37241],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[142,39662,39663,39664,39666],{},"use a ",[15,39665,5623],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[142,39668,39669],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,39671,39672,39673,81],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[243,39674,4795],{"href":39675},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[30,39677,1545],{"id":1544},[139,39679,39680,39685,39689,39694,39700],{},[142,39681,39682],{},[243,39683,39684],{"href":38120},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[142,39686,39687],{},[243,39688,4884],{"href":39675},[142,39690,39691],{},[243,39692,39693],{"href":38849},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[142,39695,39696],{},[243,39697,3234,39698,3167],{"href":39580},[15,39699,39383],{},[142,39701,39702],{},[243,39703,4879],{"href":5251},[1577,39705,39706],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":39708},[39709,39710,39712,39716,39719,39721,39723,39725,39727,39737,39749],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":37375,"depth":69,"text":39711},"What filter() does",{"id":37509,"depth":69,"text":37510,"children":39713},[39714,39715],{"id":37526,"depth":91,"text":37526},{"id":3381,"depth":91,"text":3381},{"id":37685,"depth":69,"text":37686,"children":39717},[39718],{"id":37856,"depth":91,"text":37857},{"id":37969,"depth":69,"text":39720},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38124,"depth":69,"text":39722},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38286,"depth":69,"text":39724},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38466,"depth":69,"text":39726},"When to use filter()",{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238,"children":39728},[39729,39731,39733,39734,39735],{"id":38859,"depth":91,"text":39730},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":38992,"depth":91,"text":39732},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39117,"depth":91,"text":39118},{"id":39302,"depth":91,"text":39303},{"id":39378,"depth":91,"text":39736},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":39738},[39739,39741,39743,39745,39747],{"id":39587,"depth":91,"text":39740},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39599,"depth":91,"text":39742},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39614,"depth":91,"text":39744},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39623,"depth":91,"text":39746},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39640,"depth":91,"text":39748},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37233,"description":39750},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":39757,"title":39758,"body":39759,"description":41908,"extension":1611,"meta":41909,"navigation":184,"path":41910,"seo":41911,"stem":41912,"__hash__":41913},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":39760,"toc":41862},[39761,39764,39769,39775,39777,39829,39831,39850,39855,39859,39864,39867,39882,39885,39907,39909,39958,39960,39984,39986,39988,40003,40008,40016,40031,40033,40042,40045,40080,40084,40089,40093,40100,40135,40137,40153,40157,40160,40201,40203,40217,40221,40224,40248,40250,40259,40263,40266,40299,40301,40314,40318,40324,40343,40345,40353,40357,40362,40366,40372,40395,40397,40426,40429,40448,40452,40455,40482,40484,40518,40522,40525,40549,40553,40564,40566,40571,40577,40579,40663,40665,40707,40710,40714,40721,40730,40786,40793,40802,40807,40811,40882,40884,40893,40897,40900,40944,40946,40955,40959,40965,41015,41019,41024,41028,41052,41054,41063,41067,41091,41093,41104,41108,41132,41134,41143,41146,41163,41169,41173,41179,41182,41187,41190,41210,41212,41243,41246,41251,41253,41264,41266,41310,41314,41320,41372,41374,41383,41387,41390,41482,41485,41509,41513,41516,41608,41613,41617,41624,41629,41653,41655,41664,41669,41692,41694,41702,41709,41732,41740,41742,41755,41765,41767,41771,41778,41782,41791,41795,41802,41806,41810,41814,41827,41829,41859],[10,39762,39758],{"id":39763},"python-float-function-explained",[20,39765,8782,39766,39768],{},[15,39767,2538],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,39770,39771,39772,39774],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,39773,2538],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[30,39776,1653],{"id":1652},[35,39778,39780],{"className":37,"code":39779,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,39781,39782,39796,39815],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39783,39784,39786,39788,39790,39792,39794],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39785,95],{"class":94},[44,39787,98],{"class":80},[44,39789,1843],{"class":1461},[44,39791,98],{"class":80},[44,39793,1789],{"class":1675},[44,39795,370],{"class":80},[44,39797,39798,39800,39802,39804,39806,39808,39811,39813],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,39799,95],{"class":94},[44,39801,98],{"class":80},[44,39803,1843],{"class":1461},[44,39805,98],{"class":80},[44,39807,362],{"class":58},[44,39809,39810],{"class":62},"3.14",[44,39812,362],{"class":58},[44,39814,370],{"class":80},[44,39816,39817,39819,39821,39823,39825,39827],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,39818,95],{"class":94},[44,39820,98],{"class":80},[44,39822,1843],{"class":1461},[44,39824,98],{"class":80},[44,39826,3263],{"class":3513},[44,39828,370],{"class":80},[20,39830,107],{},[35,39832,39834],{"className":37,"code":39833,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,39835,39836,39840,39845],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39837,39838],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39839,2133],{"class":1675},[44,39841,39842],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,39843,39844],{"class":1675},"3.14\n",[44,39846,39847],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,39848,39849],{"class":1675},"1.0\n",[20,39851,119,39852,39854],{},[15,39853,2538],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[30,39856,39858],{"id":39857},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,39860,39861,39863],{},[15,39862,2538],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,39865,39866],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[139,39868,39869,39873,39877],{},[142,39870,39871],{},[15,39872,2145],{},[142,39874,39875],{},[15,39876,39810],{},[142,39878,39879],{},[15,39880,39881],{},"0.5",[20,39883,39884],{},"A few key points:",[139,39886,39887,39894,39897,39900],{},[142,39888,39889,39891,39892],{},[15,39890,2538],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,39893,1843],{},[142,39895,39896],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[142,39898,39899],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[142,39901,39902,39903],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[243,39904,39905],{"href":7880},[15,39906,419],{},[20,39908,161],{},[35,39910,39912],{"className":37,"code":39911,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,39913,39914,39934,39944],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39915,39916,39918,39920,39923,39925,39927,39930,39932],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39917,1867],{"class":50},[44,39919,55],{"class":54},[44,39921,39922],{"class":1461}," float",[44,39924,98],{"class":80},[44,39926,362],{"class":58},[44,39928,39929],{"class":62},"2.75",[44,39931,362],{"class":58},[44,39933,104],{"class":80},[44,39935,39936,39938,39940,39942],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,39937,95],{"class":94},[44,39939,98],{"class":80},[44,39941,1890],{"class":84},[44,39943,104],{"class":80},[44,39945,39946,39948,39950,39952,39954,39956],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,39947,95],{"class":94},[44,39949,98],{"class":80},[44,39951,2880],{"class":1461},[44,39953,98],{"class":80},[44,39955,1890],{"class":84},[44,39957,370],{"class":80},[20,39959,107],{},[35,39961,39963],{"className":37,"code":39962,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,39964,39965,39970],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39966,39967],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39968,39969],{"class":1675},"2.75\n",[44,39971,39972,39974,39976,39978,39980,39982],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,39973,2949],{"class":54},[44,39975,2952],{"class":1717},[44,39977,2955],{"class":58},[44,39979,1843],{"class":62},[44,39981,655],{"class":58},[44,39983,2962],{"class":54},[30,39985,250],{"id":249},[20,39987,6880],{},[35,39989,39991],{"className":37,"code":39990,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"float(value)\n",[15,39992,39993],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39994,39995,39997,39999,40001],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39996,1843],{"class":1461},[44,39998,98],{"class":80},[44,40000,2126],{"class":84},[44,40002,104],{"class":80},[20,40004,40005,40006,81],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40007,2538],{},[20,40009,40010,40011,40013,40014,2539],{},"If you call ",[15,40012,2538],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40015,3429],{},[35,40017,40019],{"className":37,"code":40018,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float())\n",[15,40020,40021],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40022,40023,40025,40027,40029],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40024,95],{"class":94},[44,40026,98],{"class":80},[44,40028,1843],{"class":1461},[44,40030,201],{"class":80},[20,40032,107],{},[35,40034,40036],{"className":37,"code":40035,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0.0\n",[15,40037,40038],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40039,40040],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40041,40035],{"class":1675},[20,40043,40044],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[35,40046,40048],{"className":37,"code":40047,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40049,40050,40070],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40051,40052,40055,40057,40059,40061,40063,40066,40068],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40053,40054],{"class":50},"price ",[44,40056,55],{"class":54},[44,40058,39922],{"class":1461},[44,40060,98],{"class":80},[44,40062,362],{"class":58},[44,40064,40065],{"class":62},"19.99",[44,40067,362],{"class":58},[44,40069,104],{"class":80},[44,40071,40072,40074,40076,40078],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,40073,95],{"class":94},[44,40075,98],{"class":80},[44,40077,24817],{"class":84},[44,40079,104],{"class":80},[30,40081,40083],{"id":40082},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40085,40086,40088],{},[15,40087,2538],{}," can convert several common value types.",[267,40090,40092],{"id":40091},"integers","Integers",[20,40094,40095,40096,40099],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40097,40098],{},".0"," added:",[35,40101,40103],{"className":37,"code":40102,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40104,40105,40119],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40106,40107,40109,40111,40113,40115,40117],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40108,95],{"class":94},[44,40110,98],{"class":80},[44,40112,1843],{"class":1461},[44,40114,98],{"class":80},[44,40116,1789],{"class":1675},[44,40118,370],{"class":80},[44,40120,40121,40123,40125,40127,40129,40131,40133],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,40122,95],{"class":94},[44,40124,98],{"class":80},[44,40126,1843],{"class":1461},[44,40128,98],{"class":80},[44,40130,1672],{"class":54},[44,40132,1708],{"class":1675},[44,40134,370],{"class":80},[20,40136,107],{},[35,40138,40140],{"className":37,"code":40139,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40141,40142,40146],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40143,40144],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40145,2133],{"class":1675},[44,40147,40148,40150],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,40149,1672],{"class":54},[44,40151,40152],{"class":1675},"2.0\n",[267,40154,40156],{"id":40155},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40158,40159],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[35,40161,40163],{"className":37,"code":40162,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40164,40165,40183],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40166,40167,40169,40171,40173,40175,40177,40179,40181],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40168,95],{"class":94},[44,40170,98],{"class":80},[44,40172,1843],{"class":1461},[44,40174,98],{"class":80},[44,40176,362],{"class":58},[44,40178,39810],{"class":62},[44,40180,362],{"class":58},[44,40182,370],{"class":80},[44,40184,40185,40187,40189,40191,40193,40195,40197,40199],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,40186,95],{"class":94},[44,40188,98],{"class":80},[44,40190,1843],{"class":1461},[44,40192,98],{"class":80},[44,40194,362],{"class":58},[44,40196,1982],{"class":62},[44,40198,362],{"class":58},[44,40200,370],{"class":80},[20,40202,107],{},[35,40204,40206],{"className":37,"code":40205,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40207,40208,40212],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40209,40210],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40211,39844],{"class":1675},[44,40213,40214],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,40215,40216],{"class":1675},"10.0\n",[267,40218,40220],{"id":40219},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40222,40223],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[35,40225,40227],{"className":37,"code":40226,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40228,40229],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40230,40231,40233,40235,40237,40239,40241,40244,40246],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40232,95],{"class":94},[44,40234,98],{"class":80},[44,40236,1843],{"class":1461},[44,40238,98],{"class":80},[44,40240,362],{"class":58},[44,40242,40243],{"class":62},"  8.5  ",[44,40245,362],{"class":58},[44,40247,370],{"class":80},[20,40249,107],{},[35,40251,40253],{"className":37,"code":40252,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8.5\n",[15,40254,40255],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40256,40257],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40258,40252],{"class":1675},[267,40260,40262],{"id":40261},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40264,40265],{},"Boolean values also work:",[35,40267,40269],{"className":37,"code":40268,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40270,40271,40285],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40272,40273,40275,40277,40279,40281,40283],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40274,95],{"class":94},[44,40276,98],{"class":80},[44,40278,1843],{"class":1461},[44,40280,98],{"class":80},[44,40282,3263],{"class":3513},[44,40284,370],{"class":80},[44,40286,40287,40289,40291,40293,40295,40297],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,40288,95],{"class":94},[44,40290,98],{"class":80},[44,40292,1843],{"class":1461},[44,40294,98],{"class":80},[44,40296,3335],{"class":3513},[44,40298,370],{"class":80},[20,40300,107],{},[35,40302,40304],{"className":37,"code":40303,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40305,40306,40310],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40307,40308],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40309,39849],{"class":1675},[44,40311,40312],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,40313,40035],{"class":1675},[267,40315,40317],{"id":40316},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40319,40320,40321,40323],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40322,2538],{}," returns a float version of it:",[35,40325,40327],{"className":37,"code":40326,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40328,40329],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40330,40331,40333,40335,40337,40339,40341],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40332,95],{"class":94},[44,40334,98],{"class":80},[44,40336,1843],{"class":1461},[44,40338,98],{"class":80},[44,40340,2014],{"class":1675},[44,40342,370],{"class":80},[20,40344,107],{},[35,40346,40347],{"className":37,"code":2038,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,40348,40349],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40350,40351],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40352,2038],{"class":1675},[30,40354,40356],{"id":40355},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40358,40359,40360,81],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40361,2538],{},[267,40363,40365],{"id":40364},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40367,40368,40369,2539],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40370,40371],{},"ValueError",[35,40373,40375],{"className":37,"code":40374,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40376,40377],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40378,40379,40381,40383,40385,40387,40389,40391,40393],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40380,95],{"class":94},[44,40382,98],{"class":80},[44,40384,1843],{"class":1461},[44,40386,98],{"class":80},[44,40388,362],{"class":58},[44,40390,986],{"class":62},[44,40392,362],{"class":58},[44,40394,370],{"class":80},[20,40396,29349],{},[35,40398,40400],{"className":37,"code":40399,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40401,40402],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40403,40404,40406,40408,40411,40413,40416,40418,40420,40422,40424],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40405,40371],{"class":1461},[44,40407,2539],{"class":80},[44,40409,40410],{"class":50}," could ",[44,40412,832],{"class":54},[44,40414,40415],{"class":50}," convert string to ",[44,40417,1843],{"class":1461},[44,40419,2539],{"class":80},[44,40421,2955],{"class":58},[44,40423,986],{"class":62},[44,40425,664],{"class":58},[20,40427,40428],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[35,40430,40432],{"className":37,"code":40431,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40433,40434],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40435,40436,40438,40440,40442,40444,40446],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40437,95],{"class":94},[44,40439,98],{"class":80},[44,40441,1843],{"class":1461},[44,40443,98],{"class":80},[44,40445,5937],{"class":58},[44,40447,370],{"class":80},[267,40449,40451],{"id":40450},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40453,40454],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[35,40456,40458],{"className":37,"code":40457,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40459,40460],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40461,40462,40464,40466,40468,40470,40472,40474,40476,40478,40480],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40463,95],{"class":94},[44,40465,98],{"class":80},[44,40467,1843],{"class":1461},[44,40469,2640],{"class":80},[44,40471,2643],{"class":1675},[44,40473,2646],{"class":80},[44,40475,2649],{"class":1675},[44,40477,2646],{"class":80},[44,40479,2104],{"class":1675},[44,40481,2656],{"class":80},[20,40483,29349],{},[35,40485,40487],{"className":37,"code":40486,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40488,40489],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40490,40491,40493,40495,40497,40499,40502,40505,40508,40510,40512,40514,40516],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40492,2662],{"class":1461},[44,40494,2539],{"class":80},[44,40496,39922],{"class":1461},[44,40498,535],{"class":80},[44,40500,40501],{"class":50}," argument must be a string ",[44,40503,40504],{"class":54},"or",[44,40506,40507],{"class":50}," a real number",[44,40509,2646],{"class":80},[44,40511,7760],{"class":54},[44,40513,2955],{"class":58},[44,40515,7754],{"class":62},[44,40517,664],{"class":58},[267,40519,40521],{"id":40520},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40523,40524],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[35,40526,40528],{"className":37,"code":40527,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40529,40530],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40531,40532,40534,40536,40538,40540,40542,40545,40547],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40533,95],{"class":94},[44,40535,98],{"class":80},[44,40537,1843],{"class":1461},[44,40539,98],{"class":80},[44,40541,362],{"class":58},[44,40543,40544],{"class":62},"3,14",[44,40546,362],{"class":58},[44,40548,370],{"class":80},[20,40550,2659,40551,81],{},[15,40552,40371],{},[20,40554,40555,40556,4057,40560,81],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[243,40557,40559],{"href":40558},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[243,40561,40563],{"href":40562},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[30,40565,17084],{"id":17083},[20,40567,40568,40570],{},[15,40569,2538],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40572,40573,40574,40576],{},"It does ",[830,40575,832],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,40578,161],{},[35,40580,40582],{"className":37,"code":40581,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40583,40584,40597,40611,40615,40625,40635,40649],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40585,40586,40588,40590,40592,40595],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40587,51],{"class":50},[44,40589,55],{"class":54},[44,40591,59],{"class":58},[44,40593,40594],{"class":62},"6.5",[44,40596,66],{"class":58},[44,40598,40599,40601,40603,40605,40607,40609],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,40600,1867],{"class":50},[44,40602,55],{"class":54},[44,40604,39922],{"class":1461},[44,40606,98],{"class":80},[44,40608,194],{"class":84},[44,40610,104],{"class":80},[44,40612,40613],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,40614,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,40616,40617,40619,40621,40623],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,40618,95],{"class":94},[44,40620,98],{"class":80},[44,40622,194],{"class":84},[44,40624,104],{"class":80},[44,40626,40627,40629,40631,40633],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,40628,95],{"class":94},[44,40630,98],{"class":80},[44,40632,1890],{"class":84},[44,40634,104],{"class":80},[44,40636,40637,40639,40641,40643,40645,40647],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,40638,95],{"class":94},[44,40640,98],{"class":80},[44,40642,2880],{"class":1461},[44,40644,98],{"class":80},[44,40646,194],{"class":84},[44,40648,370],{"class":80},[44,40650,40651,40653,40655,40657,40659,40661],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,40652,95],{"class":94},[44,40654,98],{"class":80},[44,40656,2880],{"class":1461},[44,40658,98],{"class":80},[44,40660,1890],{"class":84},[44,40662,370],{"class":80},[20,40664,107],{},[35,40666,40668],{"className":37,"code":40667,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40669,40670,40675,40679,40693],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40671,40672],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40673,40674],{"class":1675},"6.5\n",[44,40676,40677],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,40678,40674],{"class":1675},[44,40680,40681,40683,40685,40687,40689,40691],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,40682,2949],{"class":54},[44,40684,2952],{"class":1717},[44,40686,2955],{"class":58},[44,40688,1462],{"class":62},[44,40690,655],{"class":58},[44,40692,2962],{"class":54},[44,40694,40695,40697,40699,40701,40703,40705],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,40696,2949],{"class":54},[44,40698,2952],{"class":1717},[44,40700,2955],{"class":58},[44,40702,1843],{"class":62},[44,40704,655],{"class":58},[44,40706,2962],{"class":54},[20,40708,40709],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[30,40711,40713],{"id":40712},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[267,40715,40717,40718,40720],{"id":40716},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,40719,419],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,40722,1628,40723,40727,40728,81],{},[243,40724,40725,1954],{"href":7880},[15,40726,419],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,40729,2538],{},[35,40731,40733],{"className":37,"code":40732,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,40734,40735,40754,40768,40772],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40736,40737,40739,40741,40743,40745,40747,40750,40752],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40738,7898],{"class":50},[44,40740,55],{"class":54},[44,40742,7903],{"class":94},[44,40744,98],{"class":80},[44,40746,362],{"class":58},[44,40748,40749],{"class":62},"Enter a price: ",[44,40751,362],{"class":58},[44,40753,104],{"class":80},[44,40755,40756,40758,40760,40762,40764,40766],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,40757,40054],{"class":50},[44,40759,55],{"class":54},[44,40761,39922],{"class":1461},[44,40763,98],{"class":80},[44,40765,7927],{"class":84},[44,40767,104],{"class":80},[44,40769,40770],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,40771,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,40773,40774,40776,40778,40780,40782,40784],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,40775,95],{"class":94},[44,40777,98],{"class":80},[44,40779,40054],{"class":84},[44,40781,39539],{"class":54},[44,40783,2649],{"class":1675},[44,40785,104],{"class":80},[20,40787,40788,40789,40792],{},"If the user enters ",[15,40790,40791],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[35,40794,40796],{"className":37,"code":40795,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"9.0\n",[15,40797,40798],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40799,40800],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40801,40795],{"class":1675},[20,40803,40804,40805,81],{},"For more help with this, see ",[243,40806,8640],{"href":8639},[267,40808,40810],{"id":40809},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[35,40812,40814],{"className":37,"code":40813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,40815,40816,40829,40842,40846,40871],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40817,40818,40820,40822,40824,40827],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40819,2208],{"class":50},[44,40821,55],{"class":54},[44,40823,59],{"class":58},[44,40825,40826],{"class":62},"2.5",[44,40828,66],{"class":58},[44,40830,40831,40833,40835,40837,40840],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,40832,2236],{"class":50},[44,40834,55],{"class":54},[44,40836,59],{"class":58},[44,40838,40839],{"class":62},"1.5",[44,40841,66],{"class":58},[44,40843,40844],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,40845,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,40847,40848,40851,40853,40855,40857,40859,40861,40863,40865,40867,40869],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,40849,40850],{"class":50},"total ",[44,40852,55],{"class":54},[44,40854,39922],{"class":1461},[44,40856,98],{"class":80},[44,40858,243],{"class":84},[44,40860,3321],{"class":80},[44,40862,2107],{"class":54},[44,40864,39922],{"class":1461},[44,40866,98],{"class":80},[44,40868,842],{"class":84},[44,40870,104],{"class":80},[44,40872,40873,40875,40877,40880],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,40874,95],{"class":94},[44,40876,98],{"class":80},[44,40878,40879],{"class":84},"total",[44,40881,104],{"class":80},[20,40883,107],{},[35,40885,40887],{"className":37,"code":40886,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4.0\n",[15,40888,40889],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40890,40891],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40892,40886],{"class":1675},[267,40894,40896],{"id":40895},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,40898,40899],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[35,40901,40903],{"className":37,"code":40902,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,40904,40905,40915,40930,40934],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40906,40907,40910,40912],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40908,40909],{"class":50},"count ",[44,40911,55],{"class":54},[44,40913,40914],{"class":1675}," 7\n",[44,40916,40917,40919,40921,40923,40925,40928],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,40918,1880],{"class":50},[44,40920,55],{"class":54},[44,40922,39922],{"class":1461},[44,40924,98],{"class":80},[44,40926,40927],{"class":84},"count",[44,40929,104],{"class":80},[44,40931,40932],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,40933,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,40935,40936,40938,40940,40942],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,40937,95],{"class":94},[44,40939,98],{"class":80},[44,40941,1915],{"class":84},[44,40943,104],{"class":80},[20,40945,107],{},[35,40947,40949],{"className":37,"code":40948,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7.0\n",[15,40950,40951],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40952,40953],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40954,40948],{"class":1675},[267,40956,40958],{"id":40957},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,40960,40961,40962,40964],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,40963,2538],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[35,40966,40968],{"className":37,"code":40967,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,40969,40970,40984,41000,41004],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40971,40972,40975,40977,40979,40982],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40973,40974],{"class":50},"temperature_text ",[44,40976,55],{"class":54},[44,40978,59],{"class":58},[44,40980,40981],{"class":62},"21.8",[44,40983,66],{"class":58},[44,40985,40986,40989,40991,40993,40995,40998],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,40987,40988],{"class":50},"temperature ",[44,40990,55],{"class":54},[44,40992,39922],{"class":1461},[44,40994,98],{"class":80},[44,40996,40997],{"class":84},"temperature_text",[44,40999,104],{"class":80},[44,41001,41002],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,41003,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,41005,41006,41008,41010,41013],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,41007,95],{"class":94},[44,41009,98],{"class":80},[44,41011,41012],{"class":84},"temperature",[44,41014,104],{"class":80},[30,41016,41018],{"id":41017},"special-values","Special values",[20,41020,41021,41023],{},[15,41022,2538],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[267,41025,41027],{"id":41026},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[35,41029,41031],{"className":37,"code":41030,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41032,41033],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41034,41035,41037,41039,41041,41043,41045,41048,41050],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41036,95],{"class":94},[44,41038,98],{"class":80},[44,41040,1843],{"class":1461},[44,41042,98],{"class":80},[44,41044,362],{"class":58},[44,41046,41047],{"class":62},"inf",[44,41049,362],{"class":58},[44,41051,370],{"class":80},[20,41053,107],{},[35,41055,41057],{"className":37,"code":41056,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"inf\n",[15,41058,41059],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41060,41061],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41062,41056],{"class":50},[267,41064,41066],{"id":41065},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[35,41068,41070],{"className":37,"code":41069,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41071,41072],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41073,41074,41076,41078,41080,41082,41084,41087,41089],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41075,95],{"class":94},[44,41077,98],{"class":80},[44,41079,1843],{"class":1461},[44,41081,98],{"class":80},[44,41083,362],{"class":58},[44,41085,41086],{"class":62},"-inf",[44,41088,362],{"class":58},[44,41090,370],{"class":80},[20,41092,107],{},[35,41094,41096],{"className":37,"code":41095,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-inf\n",[15,41097,41098],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41099,41100,41102],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41101,1672],{"class":54},[44,41103,41056],{"class":50},[267,41105,41107],{"id":41106},"not-a-number","Not a number",[35,41109,41111],{"className":37,"code":41110,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41112,41113],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41114,41115,41117,41119,41121,41123,41125,41128,41130],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41116,95],{"class":94},[44,41118,98],{"class":80},[44,41120,1843],{"class":1461},[44,41122,98],{"class":80},[44,41124,362],{"class":58},[44,41126,41127],{"class":62},"nan",[44,41129,362],{"class":58},[44,41131,370],{"class":80},[20,41133,107],{},[35,41135,41137],{"className":37,"code":41136,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nan\n",[15,41138,41139],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41140,41141],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41142,41136],{"class":50},[20,41144,41145],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[139,41147,41148,41153,41158],{},[142,41149,41150,41152],{},[15,41151,41047],{}," means positive infinity",[142,41154,41155,41157],{},[15,41156,41086],{}," means negative infinity",[142,41159,41160,41162],{},[15,41161,41127],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41164,41165,41166,41168],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41167,2538],{}," accepts them.",[30,41170,41172],{"id":41171},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41174,41175,41176,41178],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41177,2538],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[267,41180,40371],{"id":41181},"valueerror",[20,41183,14852,41184,41186],{},[15,41185,40371],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41188,41189],{},"Common causes:",[139,41191,41192,41197,41200,41203],{},[142,41193,41194,41195],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41196,1026],{},[142,41198,41199],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[142,41201,41202],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[142,41204,1262,41205],{},[243,41206,41207,41209],{"href":7880},[15,41208,419],{}," returns a string",[20,41211,161],{},[35,41213,41215],{"className":37,"code":41214,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41216,41217,41229],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41218,41219,41221,41223,41225,41227],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41220,2099],{"class":50},[44,41222,55],{"class":54},[44,41224,59],{"class":58},[44,41226,804],{"class":62},[44,41228,66],{"class":58},[44,41230,41231,41233,41235,41237,41239,41241],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,41232,95],{"class":94},[44,41234,98],{"class":80},[44,41236,1843],{"class":1461},[44,41238,98],{"class":80},[44,41240,2126],{"class":84},[44,41242,370],{"class":80},[267,41244,2662],{"id":41245},"typeerror",[20,41247,14852,41248,41250],{},[15,41249,2662],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41252,41189],{},[139,41254,41255,41258,41261],{},[142,41256,41257],{},"Passing a list",[142,41259,41260],{},"Passing a dictionary",[142,41262,41263],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41265,161],{},[35,41267,41269],{"className":37,"code":41268,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41270,41271,41296],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41272,41273,41275,41277,41279,41281,41283,41285,41287,41289,41292,41294],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41274,2099],{"class":50},[44,41276,55],{"class":54},[44,41278,10151],{"class":80},[44,41280,362],{"class":58},[44,41282,24817],{"class":62},[44,41284,362],{"class":58},[44,41286,2539],{"class":80},[44,41288,59],{"class":58},[44,41290,41291],{"class":62},"9.99",[44,41293,362],{"class":58},[44,41295,8969],{"class":80},[44,41297,41298,41300,41302,41304,41306,41308],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,41299,95],{"class":94},[44,41301,98],{"class":80},[44,41303,1843],{"class":1461},[44,41305,98],{"class":80},[44,41307,2126],{"class":84},[44,41309,370],{"class":80},[267,41311,41313],{"id":41312},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41315,41316,41317,41319],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41318,17],{}," can help:",[35,41321,41323],{"className":37,"code":41322,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41324,41325,41338,41353,41357],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41326,41327,41329,41331,41333,41336],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41328,2099],{"class":50},[44,41330,55],{"class":54},[44,41332,59],{"class":58},[44,41334,41335],{"class":62},"  7.25  ",[44,41337,66],{"class":58},[44,41339,41340,41343,41345,41347,41349,41351],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,41341,41342],{"class":50},"clean_value ",[44,41344,55],{"class":54},[44,41346,8094],{"class":50},[44,41348,81],{"class":80},[44,41350,85],{"class":84},[44,41352,88],{"class":80},[44,41354,41355],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,41356,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,41358,41359,41361,41363,41365,41367,41370],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,41360,95],{"class":94},[44,41362,98],{"class":80},[44,41364,1843],{"class":1461},[44,41366,98],{"class":80},[44,41368,41369],{"class":84},"clean_value",[44,41371,370],{"class":80},[20,41373,107],{},[35,41375,41377],{"className":37,"code":41376,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7.25\n",[15,41378,41379],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41380,41381],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41382,41376],{"class":1675},[267,41384,41386],{"id":41385},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41388,41389],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[35,41391,41393],{"className":37,"code":41392,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41394,41395,41408,41412,41422,41436,41450,41454,41468],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41396,41397,41399,41401,41403,41406],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41398,2099],{"class":50},[44,41400,55],{"class":54},[44,41402,59],{"class":58},[44,41404,41405],{"class":62}," 3.5 ",[44,41407,66],{"class":58},[44,41409,41410],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,41411,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,41413,41414,41416,41418,41420],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,41415,95],{"class":94},[44,41417,98],{"class":80},[44,41419,2126],{"class":84},[44,41421,104],{"class":80},[44,41423,41424,41426,41428,41430,41432,41434],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,41425,95],{"class":94},[44,41427,98],{"class":80},[44,41429,2880],{"class":1461},[44,41431,98],{"class":80},[44,41433,2126],{"class":84},[44,41435,370],{"class":80},[44,41437,41438,41440,41442,41444,41446,41448],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,41439,95],{"class":94},[44,41441,98],{"class":80},[44,41443,617],{"class":94},[44,41445,98],{"class":80},[44,41447,2126],{"class":84},[44,41449,370],{"class":80},[44,41451,41452],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,41453,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,41455,41456,41458,41460,41462,41464,41466],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,41457,41342],{"class":50},[44,41459,55],{"class":54},[44,41461,8094],{"class":50},[44,41463,81],{"class":80},[44,41465,85],{"class":84},[44,41467,88],{"class":80},[44,41469,41470,41472,41474,41476,41478,41480],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,41471,95],{"class":94},[44,41473,98],{"class":80},[44,41475,1843],{"class":1461},[44,41477,98],{"class":80},[44,41479,41369],{"class":84},[44,41481,370],{"class":80},[20,41483,41484],{},"Why this helps:",[139,41486,41487,41493,41498,41504],{},[142,41488,41489,41492],{},[15,41490,41491],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[142,41494,41495,21035],{},[15,41496,41497],{},"print(type(value))",[142,41499,41500,41503],{},[15,41501,41502],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[142,41505,41506,41508],{},[15,41507,17],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[267,41510,41512],{"id":41511},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41514,41515],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[35,41517,41519],{"className":37,"code":41518,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41520,41521,41540,41544,41550,41565,41584,41593],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41522,41523,41525,41527,41529,41531,41533,41536,41538],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41524,2099],{"class":50},[44,41526,55],{"class":54},[44,41528,7903],{"class":94},[44,41530,98],{"class":80},[44,41532,362],{"class":58},[44,41534,41535],{"class":62},"Enter a number: ",[44,41537,362],{"class":58},[44,41539,104],{"class":80},[44,41541,41542],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,41543,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,41545,41546,41548],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,41547,29471],{"class":524},[44,41549,548],{"class":80},[44,41551,41552,41555,41557,41559,41561,41563],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,41553,41554],{"class":50},"    number ",[44,41556,55],{"class":54},[44,41558,39922],{"class":1461},[44,41560,98],{"class":80},[44,41562,2126],{"class":84},[44,41564,104],{"class":80},[44,41566,41567,41569,41571,41573,41576,41578,41580,41582],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,41568,553],{"class":94},[44,41570,98],{"class":80},[44,41572,362],{"class":58},[44,41574,41575],{"class":62},"Converted:",[44,41577,362],{"class":58},[44,41579,2646],{"class":80},[44,41581,1847],{"class":84},[44,41583,104],{"class":80},[44,41585,41586,41588,41591],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,41587,29502],{"class":524},[44,41589,41590],{"class":1461}," ValueError",[44,41592,548],{"class":80},[44,41594,41595,41597,41599,41601,41604,41606],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,41596,553],{"class":94},[44,41598,98],{"class":80},[44,41600,362],{"class":58},[44,41602,41603],{"class":62},"That is not a valid number.",[44,41605,362],{"class":58},[44,41607,104],{"class":80},[20,41609,41610,41611,81],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[243,41612,40563],{"href":40562},[30,41614,41616],{"id":41615},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,41618,10250,41619,4057,41621,41623],{},[15,41620,2538],{},[15,41622,2531],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,41625,41626,41628],{},[15,41627,2538],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[35,41630,41632],{"className":37,"code":41631,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41633,41634],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41635,41636,41638,41640,41642,41644,41646,41649,41651],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41637,95],{"class":94},[44,41639,98],{"class":80},[44,41641,1843],{"class":1461},[44,41643,98],{"class":80},[44,41645,362],{"class":58},[44,41647,41648],{"class":62},"3.9",[44,41650,362],{"class":58},[44,41652,370],{"class":80},[20,41654,107],{},[35,41656,41658],{"className":37,"code":41657,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.9\n",[15,41659,41660],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41661,41662],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41663,41657],{"class":1675},[20,41665,41666,41668],{},[15,41667,2531],{}," creates whole numbers:",[35,41670,41672],{"className":37,"code":41671,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,41673,41674],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41675,41676,41678,41680,41682,41684,41686,41688,41690],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41677,95],{"class":94},[44,41679,98],{"class":80},[44,41681,1840],{"class":1461},[44,41683,98],{"class":80},[44,41685,362],{"class":58},[44,41687,1982],{"class":62},[44,41689,362],{"class":58},[44,41691,370],{"class":80},[20,41693,107],{},[35,41695,41696],{"className":37,"code":2028,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,41697,41698],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41699,41700],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41701,2028],{"class":1675},[20,41703,41704,41705,41708],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,41706,41707],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[35,41710,41712],{"className":37,"code":41711,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41713,41714],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41715,41716,41718,41720,41722,41724,41726,41728,41730],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41717,95],{"class":94},[44,41719,98],{"class":80},[44,41721,1840],{"class":1461},[44,41723,98],{"class":80},[44,41725,362],{"class":58},[44,41727,41648],{"class":62},[44,41729,362],{"class":58},[44,41731,370],{"class":80},[20,41733,2659,41734,8262,41736,41739],{},[15,41735,40371],{},[15,41737,41738],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,41741,10373],{},[139,41743,41744,41750],{},[142,41745,41746,41749],{},[15,41747,41748],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[142,41751,41752,41754],{},[15,41753,41707],{}," fails",[20,41756,41757,41758,41761,41762,41764],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[243,41759,41760],{"href":2528},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[243,41763,2072],{"href":2071}," helpful.",[30,41766,1478],{"id":1477},[267,41768,41770],{"id":41769},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,41772,41773,41774,2532,41776,81],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,41775,2145],{},[15,41777,39810],{},[267,41779,41781],{"id":41780},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,41783,41784,41785,2532,41788,81],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,41786,41787],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,41789,41790],{},"\"10\"",[267,41792,41794],{"id":41793},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,41796,28729,41797,41799,41800,81],{},[15,41798,1026],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,41801,40371],{},[267,41803,41805],{"id":41804},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,41807,4810,41808,81],{},[15,41809,3429],{},[267,41811,41813],{"id":41812},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,41815,41816,41817,41819,41820,4057,41823,41819,41825,81],{},"Yes. ",[15,41818,3263],{}," becomes ",[15,41821,41822],{},"1.0",[15,41824,3335],{},[15,41826,3429],{},[30,41828,1545],{"id":1544},[139,41830,41831,41835,41841,41846,41850,41854],{},[142,41832,41833],{},[243,41834,41760],{"href":2528},[142,41836,41837],{},[243,41838,41840],{"href":41839},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[142,41842,41843],{},[243,41844,41845],{"href":40558},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[142,41847,41848],{},[243,41849,8717],{"href":8639},[142,41851,41852],{},[243,41853,40563],{"href":40562},[142,41855,41856],{},[243,41857,41858],{"href":7880},"Python input() Function Explained",[1577,41860,41861],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":41863},[41864,41865,41866,41867,41874,41879,41880,41887,41892,41899,41900,41907],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":39857,"depth":69,"text":39858},{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":40082,"depth":69,"text":40083,"children":41868},[41869,41870,41871,41872,41873],{"id":40091,"depth":91,"text":40092},{"id":40155,"depth":91,"text":40156},{"id":40219,"depth":91,"text":40220},{"id":40261,"depth":91,"text":40262},{"id":40316,"depth":91,"text":40317},{"id":40355,"depth":69,"text":40356,"children":41875},[41876,41877,41878],{"id":40364,"depth":91,"text":40365},{"id":40450,"depth":91,"text":40451},{"id":40520,"depth":91,"text":40521},{"id":17083,"depth":69,"text":17084},{"id":40712,"depth":69,"text":40713,"children":41881},[41882,41884,41885,41886],{"id":40716,"depth":91,"text":41883},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":40809,"depth":91,"text":40810},{"id":40895,"depth":91,"text":40896},{"id":40957,"depth":91,"text":40958},{"id":41017,"depth":69,"text":41018,"children":41888},[41889,41890,41891],{"id":41026,"depth":91,"text":41027},{"id":41065,"depth":91,"text":41066},{"id":41106,"depth":91,"text":41107},{"id":41171,"depth":69,"text":41172,"children":41893},[41894,41895,41896,41897,41898],{"id":41181,"depth":91,"text":40371},{"id":41245,"depth":91,"text":2662},{"id":41312,"depth":91,"text":41313},{"id":41385,"depth":91,"text":41386},{"id":41511,"depth":91,"text":41512},{"id":41615,"depth":69,"text":41616},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":41901},[41902,41903,41904,41905,41906],{"id":41769,"depth":91,"text":41770},{"id":41780,"depth":91,"text":41781},{"id":41793,"depth":91,"text":41794},{"id":41804,"depth":91,"text":41805},{"id":41812,"depth":91,"text":41813},{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":39758,"description":41908},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":41915,"title":41916,"body":41917,"description":43135,"extension":1611,"meta":43136,"navigation":184,"path":34687,"seo":43137,"stem":43138,"__hash__":43139},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":41918,"toc":43101},[41919,41922,41927,41930,41932,41971,41985,41989,41994,41997,42014,42017,42027,42042,42045,42047,42050,42066,42069,42072,42092,42096,42107,42110,42114,42118,42132,42167,42171,42182,42217,42220,42222,42230,42263,42279,42281,42291,42312,42323,42325,42330,42333,42347,42349,42368,42371,42384,42387,42391,42395,42409,42412,42430,42433,42448,42452,42457,42471,42477,42479,42535,42537,42570,42573,42589,42593,42600,42604,42609,42612,42623,42627,42632,42647,42656,42661,42680,42683,42695,42697,42702,42712,42715,42744,42749,42758,42762,42767,42770,42774,42779,42781,42811,42814,42821,42826,42831,42835,42838,42846,42849,42927,42930,42952,42954,42958,42961,42965,42971,43032,43036,43044,43048,43051,43053,43078,43098],[10,41920,41916],{"id":41921},"python-help-function-explained",[20,41923,3241,41924,41926],{},[15,41925,34690],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,41928,41929],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[30,41931,1653],{"id":1652},[35,41933,41935],{"className":37,"code":41934,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,41936,41937,41947,41957],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41938,41939,41941,41943,41945],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41940,1456],{"class":94},[44,41942,98],{"class":80},[44,41944,10822],{"class":94},[44,41946,104],{"class":80},[44,41948,41949,41951,41953,41955],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,41950,1456],{"class":94},[44,41952,98],{"class":80},[44,41954,1462],{"class":1461},[44,41956,104],{"class":80},[44,41958,41959,41961,41963,41965,41967,41969],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,41960,1456],{"class":94},[44,41962,98],{"class":80},[44,41964,655],{"class":58},[44,41966,34323],{"class":62},[44,41968,655],{"class":58},[44,41970,104],{"class":80},[20,41972,119,41973,41975,41976,2532,41978,41980,41981,41984],{},[15,41974,34690],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,41977,10822],{},[15,41979,1462],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,41982,41983],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[30,41986,41988],{"id":41987},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,41990,41991,41993],{},[15,41992,34690],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,41995,41996],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[139,41998,41999,42002,42005,42008,42011],{},[142,42000,42001],{},"Functions",[142,42003,42004],{},"Classes",[142,42006,42007],{},"Methods",[142,42009,42010],{},"Modules",[142,42012,42013],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42015,42016],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42018,42019,42020,42026],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[243,42021,42023],{"href":42022},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42024,42025],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[35,42028,42030],{"className":37,"code":42029,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\n",[15,42031,42032],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42033,42034,42036,42038,42040],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42035,1456],{"class":94},[44,42037,98],{"class":80},[44,42039,10822],{"class":94},[44,42041,104],{"class":80},[20,42043,42044],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[30,42046,250],{"id":249},[20,42048,42049],{},"The main form is:",[35,42051,42053],{"className":37,"code":42052,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(object)\n",[15,42054,42055],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42056,42057,42059,42061,42064],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42058,1456],{"class":94},[44,42060,98],{"class":80},[44,42062,42063],{"class":1461},"object",[44,42065,104],{"class":80},[20,42067,42068],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42070,42071],{},"Common examples include:",[139,42073,42074,42078,42083,42087],{},[142,42075,42076],{},[15,42077,10822],{},[142,42079,42080],{},[15,42081,42082],{},"list.append",[142,42084,42085],{},[15,42086,1462],{},[142,42088,42089],{},[15,42090,42091],{},"open",[20,42093,6838,42094,6841],{},[15,42095,34690],{},[35,42097,42099],{"className":37,"code":42098,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help()\n",[15,42100,42101],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42102,42103,42105],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42104,1456],{"class":94},[44,42106,88],{"class":80},[20,42108,42109],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[30,42111,42113],{"id":42112},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[267,42115,42117],{"id":42116},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42119,42120,42121,839,42123,839,42125,16737,42128,81],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42122,10822],{},[15,42124,95],{},[15,42126,42127],{},"input",[243,42129,42130],{"href":1950},[15,42131,1953],{},[35,42133,42135],{"className":37,"code":42134,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42136,42137,42147,42157],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42138,42139,42141,42143,42145],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42140,1456],{"class":94},[44,42142,98],{"class":80},[44,42144,95],{"class":94},[44,42146,104],{"class":80},[44,42148,42149,42151,42153,42155],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,42150,1456],{"class":94},[44,42152,98],{"class":80},[44,42154,42127],{"class":94},[44,42156,104],{"class":80},[44,42158,42159,42161,42163,42165],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,42160,1456],{"class":94},[44,42162,98],{"class":80},[44,42164,2880],{"class":1461},[44,42166,104],{"class":80},[267,42168,42170],{"id":42169},"data-types","Data types",[20,42172,42173,42174,839,42176,839,42178,16737,42180,81],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42175,1462],{},[15,42177,7754],{},[15,42179,8480],{},[15,42181,5952],{},[35,42183,42185],{"className":37,"code":42184,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42186,42187,42197,42207],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42188,42189,42191,42193,42195],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42190,1456],{"class":94},[44,42192,98],{"class":80},[44,42194,1462],{"class":1461},[44,42196,104],{"class":80},[44,42198,42199,42201,42203,42205],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,42200,1456],{"class":94},[44,42202,98],{"class":80},[44,42204,7754],{"class":1461},[44,42206,104],{"class":80},[44,42208,42209,42211,42213,42215],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,42210,1456],{"class":94},[44,42212,98],{"class":80},[44,42214,8480],{"class":1461},[44,42216,104],{"class":80},[20,42218,42219],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[267,42221,42007],{"id":34170},[20,42223,42224,42225,4057,42228,81],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42226,42227],{},"str.split",[15,42229,42082],{},[35,42231,42233],{"className":37,"code":42232,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42234,42235,42249],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42236,42237,42239,42241,42243,42245,42247],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42238,1456],{"class":94},[44,42240,98],{"class":80},[44,42242,1462],{"class":1461},[44,42244,81],{"class":80},[44,42246,34133],{"class":1467},[44,42248,104],{"class":80},[44,42250,42251,42253,42255,42257,42259,42261],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,42252,1456],{"class":94},[44,42254,98],{"class":80},[44,42256,7754],{"class":1461},[44,42258,81],{"class":80},[44,42260,13216],{"class":1467},[44,42262,104],{"class":80},[20,42264,42265,42266,8363,42268,27981,42273,42275,42276,42278],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42267,34690],{},[243,42269,42271],{"href":42270},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42272,33976],{},[15,42274,33976],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42277,34690],{}," explains one of them.",[267,42280,42010],{"id":34323},[20,42282,42283,42284,839,42286,16737,42288,81],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42285,18083],{},[15,42287,34853],{},[15,42289,42290],{},"os",[35,42292,42294],{"className":37,"code":42293,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42295,42296,42302],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42297,42298,42300],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42299,34754],{"class":524},[44,42301,34757],{"class":50},[44,42303,42304,42306,42308,42310],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,42305,1456],{"class":94},[44,42307,98],{"class":80},[44,42309,18083],{"class":84},[44,42311,104],{"class":80},[20,42313,42314,42315,42319,42320,81],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[243,42316,42318],{"href":42317},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[243,42321,34820],{"href":42322},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[30,42324,34581],{"id":34580},[20,42326,42327,42329],{},[15,42328,34690],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42331,42332],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[139,42334,42335,42338,42341,42344],{},[142,42336,42337],{},"The function signature",[142,42339,42340],{},"The short description",[142,42342,42343],{},"Parameter names",[142,42345,42346],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42348,5136],{},[35,42350,42352],{"className":37,"code":42351,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42353,42354],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42355,42356,42358,42360,42362,42364,42366],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42357,1456],{"class":94},[44,42359,98],{"class":80},[44,42361,1462],{"class":1461},[44,42363,81],{"class":80},[44,42365,34133],{"class":1467},[44,42367,104],{"class":80},[20,42369,42370],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[139,42372,42373,42376,42379,42381],{},[142,42374,42375],{},"What object this is",[142,42377,42378],{},"What arguments it accepts",[142,42380,21637],{},[142,42382,42383],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42385,42386],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[30,42388,42390],{"id":42389},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42392,42393,29541],{},[15,42394,34690],{},[139,42396,42397,42400,42403,42406],{},[142,42398,42399],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[142,42401,42402],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[142,42404,42405],{},"You are exploring a new module",[142,42407,42408],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42410,42411],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[35,42413,42414],{"className":37,"code":42351,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,42415,42416],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42417,42418,42420,42422,42424,42426,42428],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42419,1456],{"class":94},[44,42421,98],{"class":80},[44,42423,1462],{"class":1461},[44,42425,81],{"class":80},[44,42427,34133],{"class":1467},[44,42429,104],{"class":80},[20,42431,42432],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[35,42434,42436],{"className":37,"code":42435,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(open)\n",[15,42437,42438],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42439,42440,42442,42444,42446],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42441,1456],{"class":94},[44,42443,98],{"class":80},[44,42445,42091],{"class":94},[44,42447,104],{"class":80},[30,42449,42451],{"id":42450},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42453,42454,42456],{},[15,42455,34690],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[139,42458,42459,42462,42465,42468],{},[142,42460,42461],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[142,42463,42464],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[142,42466,42467],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[142,42469,42470],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42472,42473,42474,42476],{},"So, ",[15,42475,34690],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42478,5136],{},[35,42480,42482],{"className":37,"code":42481,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42483,42484,42497,42520,42524],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42485,42486,42488,42490,42492,42495],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42487,51],{"class":50},[44,42489,55],{"class":54},[44,42491,59],{"class":58},[44,42493,42494],{"class":62},"a,b,c",[44,42496,66],{"class":58},[44,42498,42499,42502,42504,42506,42508,42510,42512,42514,42516,42518],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,42500,42501],{"class":50},"parts ",[44,42503,55],{"class":54},[44,42505,77],{"class":50},[44,42507,81],{"class":80},[44,42509,34133],{"class":84},[44,42511,98],{"class":80},[44,42513,362],{"class":58},[44,42515,2646],{"class":62},[44,42517,362],{"class":58},[44,42519,104],{"class":80},[44,42521,42522],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,42523,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,42525,42526,42528,42530,42533],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,42527,95],{"class":94},[44,42529,98],{"class":80},[44,42531,42532],{"class":84},"parts",[44,42534,104],{"class":80},[20,42536,5224],{},[35,42538,42540],{"className":37,"code":42539,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42541,42542],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42543,42544,42546,42548,42550,42552,42554,42556,42558,42560,42562,42564,42566,42568],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42545,3561],{"class":80},[44,42547,655],{"class":58},[44,42549,243],{"class":62},[44,42551,655],{"class":58},[44,42553,2646],{"class":80},[44,42555,2955],{"class":58},[44,42557,842],{"class":62},[44,42559,655],{"class":58},[44,42561,2646],{"class":80},[44,42563,2955],{"class":58},[44,42565,846],{"class":62},[44,42567,655],{"class":58},[44,42569,3294],{"class":80},[20,42571,42572],{},"A good workflow is:",[28381,42574,42575,42580,42583,42586],{},[142,42576,119,42577,42579],{},[15,42578,34690],{}," to inspect something",[142,42581,42582],{},"Write a tiny example",[142,42584,42585],{},"Check the result",[142,42587,42588],{},"Repeat",[30,42590,42592],{"id":42591},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,42594,42595,4057,42597,42599],{},[15,42596,34690],{},[15,42598,33976],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[267,42601,42602],{"id":1456},[15,42603,34690],{},[20,42605,119,42606,42608],{},[15,42607,34690],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,42610,42611],{},"It tells you:",[139,42613,42614,42617,42620],{},[142,42615,42616],{},"What something is",[142,42618,42619],{},"How to use it",[142,42621,42622],{},"What parameters it accepts",[267,42624,42625],{"id":34037},[15,42626,33976],{},[20,42628,119,42629,42631],{},[15,42630,33976],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[35,42633,42635],{"className":37,"code":42634,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dir(str)\n",[15,42636,42637],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42638,42639,42641,42643,42645],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42640,34037],{"class":94},[44,42642,98],{"class":80},[44,42644,1462],{"class":1461},[44,42646,104],{"class":80},[20,42648,42649,42650,839,42652,16737,42654,81],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,42651,34133],{},[15,42653,85],{},[15,42655,8300],{},[20,42657,42658,42659,2539],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,42660,34690],{},[35,42662,42664],{"className":37,"code":42663,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,42665,42666],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42667,42668,42670,42672,42674,42676,42678],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42669,1456],{"class":94},[44,42671,98],{"class":80},[44,42673,1462],{"class":1461},[44,42675,81],{"class":80},[44,42677,8300],{"class":1467},[44,42679,104],{"class":80},[20,42681,42682],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[139,42684,42685,42690],{},[142,42686,119,42687,42689],{},[15,42688,33976],{}," to discover options",[142,42691,119,42692,42694],{},[15,42693,34690],{}," to understand one option",[30,42696,1238],{"id":1237},[20,42698,42699,42700,81],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,42701,34690],{},[267,42703,675,42705,42708,42709],{"id":42704},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,42706,42707],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,42710,42711],{},"help(len)",[20,42713,42714],{},"These are not always the same.",[35,42716,42718],{"className":37,"code":42717,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,42719,42720,42730],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42721,42722,42724,42726,42728],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42723,1456],{"class":94},[44,42725,98],{"class":80},[44,42727,10822],{"class":94},[44,42729,104],{"class":80},[44,42731,42732,42734,42736,42738,42740,42742],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,42733,1456],{"class":94},[44,42735,98],{"class":80},[44,42737,655],{"class":58},[44,42739,10822],{"class":62},[44,42741,655],{"class":58},[44,42743,104],{"class":80},[20,42745,42746,42748],{},[15,42747,42711],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,42750,42751,42753,42754,42757],{},[15,42752,42707],{}," treats ",[15,42755,42756],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[267,42759,42761],{"id":42760},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,42763,42764,42766],{},[15,42765,34690],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,42768,42769],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[267,42771,42773],{"id":42772},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,42775,40010,42776,42778],{},[15,42777,34690],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,42780,161],{},[35,42782,42784],{"className":37,"code":42783,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,42785,42786,42796],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42787,42788,42790,42792,42794],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42789,1456],{"class":94},[44,42791,98],{"class":80},[44,42793,10822],{"class":94},[44,42795,104],{"class":80},[44,42797,42798,42800,42802,42804,42807,42809],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,42799,95],{"class":94},[44,42801,98],{"class":80},[44,42803,362],{"class":58},[44,42805,42806],{"class":62},"Done",[44,42808,362],{"class":58},[44,42810,104],{"class":80},[20,42812,42813],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[267,42815,36869,42817,8363,42819],{"id":42816},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,42818,34690],{},[15,42820,33976],{},[20,42822,42823,42824,81],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,42825,33976],{},[20,42827,42828,42829,81],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,42830,34690],{},[30,42832,42834],{"id":42833},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,42836,42837],{},"Open Python:",[35,42839,42840],{"className":37,"code":35206,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,42841,42842],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42843,42844],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42845,35206],{"class":50},[20,42847,42848],{},"Then test these commands:",[35,42850,42852],{"className":37,"code":42851,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,42853,42854,42864,42878,42892,42902,42917],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42855,42856,42858,42860,42862],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42857,1456],{"class":94},[44,42859,98],{"class":80},[44,42861,10822],{"class":94},[44,42863,104],{"class":80},[44,42865,42866,42868,42870,42872,42874,42876],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,42867,1456],{"class":94},[44,42869,98],{"class":80},[44,42871,1462],{"class":1461},[44,42873,81],{"class":80},[44,42875,34133],{"class":1467},[44,42877,104],{"class":80},[44,42879,42880,42882,42884,42886,42888,42890],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,42881,1456],{"class":94},[44,42883,98],{"class":80},[44,42885,7754],{"class":1461},[44,42887,81],{"class":80},[44,42889,13216],{"class":1467},[44,42891,104],{"class":80},[44,42893,42894,42896,42898,42900],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,42895,1456],{"class":94},[44,42897,98],{"class":80},[44,42899,42091],{"class":94},[44,42901,104],{"class":80},[44,42903,42904,42906,42908,42910,42913,42915],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,42905,1456],{"class":94},[44,42907,98],{"class":80},[44,42909,655],{"class":58},[44,42911,42912],{"class":62},"keywords",[44,42914,655],{"class":58},[44,42916,104],{"class":80},[44,42918,42919,42921,42923,42925],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,42920,34037],{"class":94},[44,42922,98],{"class":80},[44,42924,1462],{"class":1461},[44,42926,104],{"class":80},[20,42928,42929],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[139,42931,42932,42935,42938,42941,42944,42947],{},[142,42933,42934],{},"A built-in function",[142,42936,42937],{},"A string method",[142,42939,42940],{},"A list method",[142,42942,42943],{},"A built-in file function",[142,42945,42946],{},"A special help topic",[142,42948,14852,42949,42951],{},[15,42950,33976],{}," example for comparison",[30,42953,1478],{"id":1477},[267,42955,42957],{"id":42956},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,42959,42960],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[267,42962,42964],{"id":42963},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,42966,42967,42968,42970],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,42969,34690],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[35,42972,42974],{"className":37,"code":42973,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,42975,42976,42988,42999,43018,43022],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42977,42978,42980,42982,42984,42986],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42979,34514],{"class":1717},[44,42981,34518],{"class":34517},[44,42983,98],{"class":80},[44,42985,302],{"class":37328},[44,42987,8003],{"class":80},[44,42989,42990,42993,42996],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,42991,42992],{"class":654},"    \"\"\"",[44,42994,42995],{"class":658},"Return a friendly greeting.",[44,42997,42998],{"class":654},"\"\"\"\n",[44,43000,43001,43003,43006,43009,43011,43013,43015],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,43002,34525],{"class":524},[44,43004,43005],{"class":1717}," f",[44,43007,43008],{"class":62},"\"Hello, ",[44,43010,8938],{"class":1675},[44,43012,302],{"class":50},[44,43014,21970],{"class":1675},[44,43016,43017],{"class":62},"!\"\n",[44,43019,43020],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,43021,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,43023,43024,43026,43028,43030],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,43025,1456],{"class":94},[44,43027,98],{"class":80},[44,43029,34560],{"class":84},[44,43031,104],{"class":80},[267,43033,43035],{"id":43034},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43037,43038,43040,43041,43043],{},[15,43039,42711],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43042,42707],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[267,43045,43047],{"id":43046},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43049,43050],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[30,43052,1545],{"id":1544},[139,43054,43055,43060,43064,43069,43074],{},[142,43056,43057],{},[243,43058,43059],{"href":42270},"Python dir() function explained",[142,43061,43062],{},[243,43063,8103],{"href":1950},[142,43065,43066],{},[243,43067,43068],{"href":42022},"Python len() function explained",[142,43070,43071],{},[243,43072,43073],{"href":42317},"How import works in Python",[142,43075,43076],{},[243,43077,34820],{"href":42322},[20,43079,43080,43081,43083,43084,839,43086,16737,43088,43090,43091,2532,43094,43097],{},"Try ",[15,43082,34690],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43085,10822],{},[15,43087,95],{},[15,43089,42127],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43092,43093],{},"dir(str)",[15,43095,43096],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1577,43099,43100],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":43102},[43103,43104,43105,43106,43112,43113,43114,43115,43119,43127,43128,43134],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":41987,"depth":69,"text":41988},{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":42112,"depth":69,"text":42113,"children":43107},[43108,43109,43110,43111],{"id":42116,"depth":91,"text":42117},{"id":42169,"depth":91,"text":42170},{"id":34170,"depth":91,"text":42007},{"id":34323,"depth":91,"text":42010},{"id":34580,"depth":69,"text":34581},{"id":42389,"depth":69,"text":42390},{"id":42450,"depth":69,"text":42451},{"id":42591,"depth":69,"text":42592,"children":43116},[43117,43118],{"id":1456,"depth":91,"text":34690},{"id":34037,"depth":91,"text":33976},{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238,"children":43120},[43121,43123,43124,43125],{"id":42704,"depth":91,"text":43122},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":42760,"depth":91,"text":42761},{"id":42772,"depth":91,"text":42773},{"id":42816,"depth":91,"text":43126},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":42833,"depth":69,"text":42834},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":43129},[43130,43131,43132,43133],{"id":42956,"depth":91,"text":42957},{"id":42963,"depth":91,"text":42964},{"id":43034,"depth":91,"text":43035},{"id":43046,"depth":91,"text":43047},{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":41916,"description":43135},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43141,"title":43142,"body":43143,"description":44505,"extension":1611,"meta":44506,"navigation":184,"path":44507,"seo":44508,"stem":44509,"__hash__":44510},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43144,"toc":44478},[43145,43151,43156,43162,43172,43231,43241,43252,43257,43263,43265,43283,43291,43293,43295,43310,43313,43324,43326,43417,43420,43424,43429,43450,43452,43563,43565,43592,43603,43607,43610,43693,43695,43703,43709,43715,43719,43722,43832,43834,43847,43850,43864,43872,43879,43884,43898,43904,44017,44019,44080,44083,44089,44095,44098,44120,44123,44193,44196,44228,44235,44237,44240,44258,44261,44273,44279,44281,44286,44312,44315,44387,44389,44395,44398,44404,44407,44413,44423,44429,44432,44439,44442,44444,44475],[10,43146,3234,43148,3238],{"id":43147},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43149,43150],{},"id()",[20,43152,22,43153,43155],{},[15,43154,43150],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43157,43158,43159,43161],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43160,43150],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43163,119,43164,43166,43167,43169,43170,81],{},[15,43165,43150],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[830,43168,832],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43171,4353],{},[35,43173,43175],{"className":37,"code":43174,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43176,43177,43189,43203,43207,43217],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43178,43179,43181,43183,43185,43187],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43180,284],{"class":50},[44,43182,55],{"class":54},[44,43184,59],{"class":58},[44,43186,6959],{"class":62},[44,43188,66],{"class":58},[44,43190,43191,43193,43195,43197,43199,43201],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,43192,95],{"class":94},[44,43194,98],{"class":80},[44,43196,12312],{"class":94},[44,43198,98],{"class":80},[44,43200,302],{"class":84},[44,43202,370],{"class":80},[44,43204,43205],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,43206,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,43208,43209,43212,43214],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,43210,43211],{"class":50},"other ",[44,43213,55],{"class":54},[44,43215,43216],{"class":50}," name\n",[44,43218,43219,43221,43223,43225,43227,43229],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,43220,95],{"class":94},[44,43222,98],{"class":80},[44,43224,12312],{"class":94},[44,43226,98],{"class":80},[44,43228,30411],{"class":84},[44,43230,370],{"class":80},[20,43232,43233,43234,43237,43238,43240],{},"In this example, ",[15,43235,43236],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43239,43150],{}," values match.",[43242,43243,43244],"blockquote",{},[20,43245,119,43246,43248,43249,43251],{},[15,43247,43150],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43250,4353],{}," for value comparison.",[30,43253,126,43255,129],{"id":43254},"what-id-does",[15,43256,43150],{},[20,43258,43259,43262],{},[15,43260,43261],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43264,137],{},[139,43266,43267,43270,43277,43280],{},[142,43268,43269],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[142,43271,43272,43273,43276],{},"It shows ",[830,43274,43275],{},"object identity",", not object value",[142,43278,43279],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[142,43281,43282],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43284,43285,43286,43290],{},"This is closely related to how ",[243,43287,43289],{"href":43288},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[30,43292,250],{"id":249},[20,43294,5098],{},[35,43296,43298],{"className":37,"code":43297,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"id(object)\n",[15,43299,43300],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43301,43302,43304,43306,43308],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43303,12312],{"class":94},[44,43305,98],{"class":80},[44,43307,42063],{"class":1461},[44,43309,104],{"class":80},[20,43311,43312],{},"Important details:",[139,43314,43315,43318,43321],{},[142,43316,43317],{},"It takes one argument",[142,43319,43320],{},"It returns an integer",[142,43322,43323],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43325,161],{},[35,43327,43329],{"className":37,"code":43328,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43330,43331,43343,43351,43371,43375,43389,43403],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43332,43333,43335,43337,43339,43341],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43334,51],{"class":50},[44,43336,55],{"class":54},[44,43338,59],{"class":58},[44,43340,986],{"class":62},[44,43342,66],{"class":58},[44,43344,43345,43347,43349],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,43346,1867],{"class":50},[44,43348,55],{"class":54},[44,43350,2423],{"class":1675},[44,43352,43353,43355,43357,43359,43361,43363,43365,43367,43369],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,43354,7441],{"class":50},[44,43356,55],{"class":54},[44,43358,3281],{"class":80},[44,43360,2643],{"class":1675},[44,43362,2646],{"class":80},[44,43364,2649],{"class":1675},[44,43366,2646],{"class":80},[44,43368,2104],{"class":1675},[44,43370,3294],{"class":80},[44,43372,43373],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,43374,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,43376,43377,43379,43381,43383,43385,43387],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,43378,95],{"class":94},[44,43380,98],{"class":80},[44,43382,12312],{"class":94},[44,43384,98],{"class":80},[44,43386,194],{"class":84},[44,43388,370],{"class":80},[44,43390,43391,43393,43395,43397,43399,43401],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,43392,95],{"class":94},[44,43394,98],{"class":80},[44,43396,12312],{"class":94},[44,43398,98],{"class":80},[44,43400,1890],{"class":84},[44,43402,370],{"class":80},[44,43404,43405,43407,43409,43411,43413,43415],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,43406,95],{"class":94},[44,43408,98],{"class":80},[44,43410,12312],{"class":94},[44,43412,98],{"class":80},[44,43414,7472],{"class":84},[44,43416,370],{"class":80},[20,43418,43419],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[30,43421,43423],{"id":43422},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43425,43426,43427,81],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43428,43150],{},[139,43430,43431,43438,43445],{},[142,43432,43433,43435,43436],{},[15,43434,4353],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[830,43437,2126],{},[142,43439,43440,43442,43443],{},[15,43441,11856],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[830,43444,42063],{},[142,43446,43447,43449],{},[15,43448,43150],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43451,161],{},[35,43453,43455],{"className":37,"code":43454,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43456,43457,43477,43497,43501,43518,43535,43549],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43458,43459,43461,43463,43465,43467,43469,43471,43473,43475],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43460,2208],{"class":50},[44,43462,55],{"class":54},[44,43464,3281],{"class":80},[44,43466,2643],{"class":1675},[44,43468,2646],{"class":80},[44,43470,2649],{"class":1675},[44,43472,2646],{"class":80},[44,43474,2104],{"class":1675},[44,43476,3294],{"class":80},[44,43478,43479,43481,43483,43485,43487,43489,43491,43493,43495],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,43480,2236],{"class":50},[44,43482,55],{"class":54},[44,43484,3281],{"class":80},[44,43486,2643],{"class":1675},[44,43488,2646],{"class":80},[44,43490,2649],{"class":1675},[44,43492,2646],{"class":80},[44,43494,2104],{"class":1675},[44,43496,3294],{"class":80},[44,43498,43499],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,43500,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,43502,43503,43505,43507,43509,43511,43513,43515],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,43504,95],{"class":94},[44,43506,98],{"class":80},[44,43508,2208],{"class":84},[44,43510,4353],{"class":54},[44,43512,2213],{"class":84},[44,43514,3321],{"class":80},[44,43516,43517],{"class":3324},"   # True\n",[44,43519,43520,43522,43524,43526,43528,43530,43532],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,43521,95],{"class":94},[44,43523,98],{"class":80},[44,43525,2208],{"class":84},[44,43527,11856],{"class":524},[44,43529,2213],{"class":84},[44,43531,3321],{"class":80},[44,43533,43534],{"class":3324},"   # False\n",[44,43536,43537,43539,43541,43543,43545,43547],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,43538,95],{"class":94},[44,43540,98],{"class":80},[44,43542,12312],{"class":94},[44,43544,98],{"class":80},[44,43546,243],{"class":84},[44,43548,370],{"class":80},[44,43550,43551,43553,43555,43557,43559,43561],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,43552,95],{"class":94},[44,43554,98],{"class":80},[44,43556,12312],{"class":94},[44,43558,98],{"class":80},[44,43560,842],{"class":84},[44,43562,370],{"class":80},[20,43564,1830],{},[139,43566,43567,43575,43583],{},[142,43568,43569,1118,43572,43574],{},[15,43570,43571],{},"a == b",[15,43573,3263],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[142,43576,43577,1118,43580,43582],{},[15,43578,43579],{},"a is b",[15,43581,3335],{}," because they are different list objects",[142,43584,43585,4057,43588,43591],{},[15,43586,43587],{},"id(a)",[15,43589,43590],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,43593,43594,43595,4057,43599,81],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[243,43596,43598],{"href":43597},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[243,43600,43602],{"href":43601},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[30,43604,43606],{"id":43605},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,43608,43609],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[35,43611,43613],{"className":37,"code":43612,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,43614,43615,43635,43645,43649,43663,43678],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43616,43617,43619,43621,43623,43625,43627,43629,43631,43633],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43618,3276],{"class":50},[44,43620,55],{"class":54},[44,43622,3281],{"class":80},[44,43624,1982],{"class":1675},[44,43626,2646],{"class":80},[44,43628,7452],{"class":1675},[44,43630,2646],{"class":80},[44,43632,7457],{"class":1675},[44,43634,3294],{"class":80},[44,43636,43637,43640,43642],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,43638,43639],{"class":50},"other_numbers ",[44,43641,55],{"class":54},[44,43643,43644],{"class":50}," numbers\n",[44,43646,43647],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,43648,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,43650,43651,43653,43655,43657,43659,43661],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,43652,95],{"class":94},[44,43654,98],{"class":80},[44,43656,12312],{"class":94},[44,43658,98],{"class":80},[44,43660,3308],{"class":84},[44,43662,370],{"class":80},[44,43664,43665,43667,43669,43671,43673,43676],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,43666,95],{"class":94},[44,43668,98],{"class":80},[44,43670,12312],{"class":94},[44,43672,98],{"class":80},[44,43674,43675],{"class":84},"other_numbers",[44,43677,370],{"class":80},[44,43679,43680,43682,43684,43686,43688,43691],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,43681,95],{"class":94},[44,43683,98],{"class":80},[44,43685,3276],{"class":84},[44,43687,11856],{"class":524},[44,43689,43690],{"class":84}," other_numbers",[44,43692,104],{"class":80},[20,43694,5224],{},[35,43696,43697],{"className":37,"code":3641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,43698,43699],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43700,43701],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43702,3641],{"class":3513},[20,43704,43705,43706,43708],{},"The two ",[15,43707,43150],{}," values will also match.",[20,43710,21856,43711,43714],{},[15,43712,43713],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[30,43716,43718],{"id":43717},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,43720,43721],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[35,43723,43725],{"className":37,"code":43724,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,43726,43727,43748,43769,43773,43788,43802,43817],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43728,43729,43732,43734,43736,43738,43740,43742,43744,43746],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43730,43731],{"class":50},"list_a ",[44,43733,55],{"class":54},[44,43735,3281],{"class":80},[44,43737,2643],{"class":1675},[44,43739,2646],{"class":80},[44,43741,2649],{"class":1675},[44,43743,2646],{"class":80},[44,43745,2104],{"class":1675},[44,43747,3294],{"class":80},[44,43749,43750,43753,43755,43757,43759,43761,43763,43765,43767],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,43751,43752],{"class":50},"list_b ",[44,43754,55],{"class":54},[44,43756,3281],{"class":80},[44,43758,2643],{"class":1675},[44,43760,2646],{"class":80},[44,43762,2649],{"class":1675},[44,43764,2646],{"class":80},[44,43766,2104],{"class":1675},[44,43768,3294],{"class":80},[44,43770,43771],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,43772,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,43774,43775,43777,43779,43781,43783,43786],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,43776,95],{"class":94},[44,43778,98],{"class":80},[44,43780,43731],{"class":84},[44,43782,4353],{"class":54},[44,43784,43785],{"class":84}," list_b",[44,43787,104],{"class":80},[44,43789,43790,43792,43794,43796,43798,43800],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,43791,95],{"class":94},[44,43793,98],{"class":80},[44,43795,43731],{"class":84},[44,43797,11856],{"class":524},[44,43799,43785],{"class":84},[44,43801,104],{"class":80},[44,43803,43804,43806,43808,43810,43812,43815],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,43805,95],{"class":94},[44,43807,98],{"class":80},[44,43809,12312],{"class":94},[44,43811,98],{"class":80},[44,43813,43814],{"class":84},"list_a",[44,43816,370],{"class":80},[44,43818,43819,43821,43823,43825,43827,43830],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,43820,95],{"class":94},[44,43822,98],{"class":80},[44,43824,12312],{"class":94},[44,43826,98],{"class":80},[44,43828,43829],{"class":84},"list_b",[44,43831,370],{"class":80},[20,43833,5224],{},[35,43835,43837],{"className":37,"code":43836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nFalse\n",[15,43838,43839,43843],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43840,43841],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43842,3641],{"class":3513},[44,43844,43845],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,43846,3702],{"class":3513},[20,43848,43849],{},"What this means:",[139,43851,43852,43855,43858],{},[142,43853,43854],{},"The lists are equal in value",[142,43856,43857],{},"They are not the same object",[142,43859,43860,43861,43863],{},"Their ",[15,43862,43150],{}," values are usually different",[20,43865,43866,43867,43869,43870,81],{},"This is why ",[15,43868,43150],{}," should not replace ",[15,43871,4353],{},[30,43873,43875,43876,43878],{"id":43874},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,43877,43150],{}," is useful",[20,43880,43881,43883],{},[15,43882,43150],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[139,43885,43886,43889,43892,43895],{},[142,43887,43888],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[142,43890,43891],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[142,43893,43894],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[142,43896,43897],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,43899,43900,43901,43903],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,43902,43150],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[35,43905,43907],{"className":37,"code":43906,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,43908,43909,43933,43942,43946,43965,43969,43979,43989,44003],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43910,43911,43913,43915,43917,43919,43921,43923,43925,43927,43929,43931],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43912,11748],{"class":50},[44,43914,55],{"class":54},[44,43916,3281],{"class":80},[44,43918,362],{"class":58},[44,43920,243],{"class":62},[44,43922,362],{"class":58},[44,43924,2646],{"class":80},[44,43926,59],{"class":58},[44,43928,842],{"class":62},[44,43930,362],{"class":58},[44,43932,3294],{"class":80},[44,43934,43935,43938,43940],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,43936,43937],{"class":50},"copy_ref ",[44,43939,55],{"class":54},[44,43941,11786],{"class":50},[44,43943,43944],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,43945,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,43947,43948,43951,43953,43955,43957,43959,43961,43963],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,43949,43950],{"class":50},"copy_ref",[44,43952,81],{"class":80},[44,43954,13216],{"class":84},[44,43956,98],{"class":80},[44,43958,362],{"class":58},[44,43960,846],{"class":62},[44,43962,362],{"class":58},[44,43964,104],{"class":80},[44,43966,43967],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,43968,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,43970,43971,43973,43975,43977],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,43972,95],{"class":94},[44,43974,98],{"class":80},[44,43976,11795],{"class":84},[44,43978,104],{"class":80},[44,43980,43981,43983,43985,43987],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,43982,95],{"class":94},[44,43984,98],{"class":80},[44,43986,43950],{"class":84},[44,43988,104],{"class":80},[44,43990,43991,43993,43995,43997,43999,44001],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,43992,95],{"class":94},[44,43994,98],{"class":80},[44,43996,12312],{"class":94},[44,43998,98],{"class":80},[44,44000,11795],{"class":84},[44,44002,370],{"class":80},[44,44004,44005,44007,44009,44011,44013,44015],{"class":46,"line":6095},[44,44006,95],{"class":94},[44,44008,98],{"class":80},[44,44010,12312],{"class":94},[44,44012,98],{"class":80},[44,44014,43950],{"class":84},[44,44016,370],{"class":80},[20,44018,5224],{},[35,44020,44022],{"className":37,"code":44021,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44023,44024,44052],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44025,44026,44028,44030,44032,44034,44036,44038,44040,44042,44044,44046,44048,44050],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44027,3561],{"class":80},[44,44029,655],{"class":58},[44,44031,243],{"class":62},[44,44033,655],{"class":58},[44,44035,2646],{"class":80},[44,44037,2955],{"class":58},[44,44039,842],{"class":62},[44,44041,655],{"class":58},[44,44043,2646],{"class":80},[44,44045,2955],{"class":58},[44,44047,846],{"class":62},[44,44049,655],{"class":58},[44,44051,3294],{"class":80},[44,44053,44054,44056,44058,44060,44062,44064,44066,44068,44070,44072,44074,44076,44078],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,44055,3561],{"class":80},[44,44057,655],{"class":58},[44,44059,243],{"class":62},[44,44061,655],{"class":58},[44,44063,2646],{"class":80},[44,44065,2955],{"class":58},[44,44067,842],{"class":62},[44,44069,655],{"class":58},[44,44071,2646],{"class":80},[44,44073,2955],{"class":58},[44,44075,846],{"class":62},[44,44077,655],{"class":58},[44,44079,3294],{"class":80},[20,44081,44082],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[30,44084,44086,44087],{"id":44085},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44088,43150],{},[20,44090,44091,44092,44094],{},"Do not use ",[15,44093,43150],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44096,44097],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[139,44099,44100,44106,44112,44115],{},[142,44101,44102,44103,44105],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44104,4353],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[142,44107,44108,44109,44111],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44110,43150],{}," values across program runs",[142,44113,44114],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[142,44116,44117,44118],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44119,43150],{},[20,44121,44122],{},"Bad example:",[35,44124,44126],{"className":37,"code":44125,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44127,44128,44140,44152,44156,44178],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44129,44130,44132,44134,44136,44138],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44131,2208],{"class":50},[44,44133,55],{"class":54},[44,44135,59],{"class":58},[44,44137,36712],{"class":62},[44,44139,66],{"class":58},[44,44141,44142,44144,44146,44148,44150],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,44143,2236],{"class":50},[44,44145,55],{"class":54},[44,44147,59],{"class":58},[44,44149,36712],{"class":62},[44,44151,66],{"class":58},[44,44153,44154],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,44155,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,44157,44158,44160,44162,44164,44166,44168,44170,44172,44174,44176],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,44159,525],{"class":524},[44,44161,14479],{"class":94},[44,44163,98],{"class":80},[44,44165,243],{"class":84},[44,44167,3321],{"class":80},[44,44169,538],{"class":54},[44,44171,14479],{"class":94},[44,44173,98],{"class":80},[44,44175,842],{"class":84},[44,44177,8003],{"class":80},[44,44179,44180,44182,44184,44186,44189,44191],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,44181,553],{"class":94},[44,44183,98],{"class":80},[44,44185,362],{"class":58},[44,44187,44188],{"class":62},"The values are equal",[44,44190,362],{"class":58},[44,44192,104],{"class":80},[20,44194,44195],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[35,44197,44199],{"className":37,"code":44198,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44200,44201,44214],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44202,44203,44205,44208,44210,44212],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44204,525],{"class":524},[44,44206,44207],{"class":50}," a ",[44,44209,4353],{"class":54},[44,44211,2213],{"class":50},[44,44213,548],{"class":80},[44,44215,44216,44218,44220,44222,44224,44226],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,44217,553],{"class":94},[44,44219,98],{"class":80},[44,44221,362],{"class":58},[44,44223,44188],{"class":62},[44,44225,362],{"class":58},[44,44227,104],{"class":80},[20,44229,119,44230,2532,44232,44234],{},[15,44231,11856],{},[15,44233,43150],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[30,44236,20468],{"id":20467},[20,44238,44239],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[139,44241,44242,44245,44248,44253],{},[142,44243,44244],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[142,44246,44247],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[142,44249,44250,44251],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44252,43150],{},[142,44254,44255,44256],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44257,43150],{},[20,44259,44260],{},"The important rule is:",[139,44262,44263,44268],{},[142,44264,119,44265,44267],{},[15,44266,4353],{}," to check value",[142,44269,119,44270,44272],{},[15,44271,11856],{}," to check identity",[20,44274,44275,44276,44278],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44277,43150],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[30,44280,1238],{"id":1237},[20,44282,44283,44284,2539],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44285,43150],{},[139,44287,44288,44296,44299,44302,44307],{},[142,44289,675,44290,44292,44293,44295],{},[15,44291,43150],{}," when ",[15,44294,4353],{}," should be used",[142,44297,44298],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[142,44300,44301],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[142,44303,44304,44305],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44306,43150],{},[142,44308,675,44309,44311],{},[15,44310,43150],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44313,44314],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[35,44316,44318],{"className":37,"code":44317,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44319,44320,44335,44349,44363,44377],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44321,44322,44324,44326,44328,44330,44333],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44323,95],{"class":94},[44,44325,98],{"class":80},[44,44327,12312],{"class":94},[44,44329,98],{"class":80},[44,44331,44332],{"class":84},"my_object",[44,44334,370],{"class":80},[44,44336,44337,44339,44341,44343,44345,44347],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,44338,95],{"class":94},[44,44340,98],{"class":80},[44,44342,2208],{"class":84},[44,44344,4353],{"class":54},[44,44346,2213],{"class":84},[44,44348,104],{"class":80},[44,44350,44351,44353,44355,44357,44359,44361],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,44352,95],{"class":94},[44,44354,98],{"class":80},[44,44356,2208],{"class":84},[44,44358,11856],{"class":524},[44,44360,2213],{"class":84},[44,44362,104],{"class":80},[44,44364,44365,44367,44369,44371,44373,44375],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,44366,95],{"class":94},[44,44368,98],{"class":80},[44,44370,2880],{"class":1461},[44,44372,98],{"class":80},[44,44374,44332],{"class":84},[44,44376,370],{"class":80},[44,44378,44379,44381,44383,44385],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,44380,1456],{"class":94},[44,44382,98],{"class":80},[44,44384,12312],{"class":94},[44,44386,104],{"class":80},[30,44388,1478],{"id":1477},[267,44390,44392,44393,12378],{"id":44391},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44394,43150],{},[20,44396,44397],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[267,44399,14566,44401,44403],{"id":44400},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44402,43150],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44405,44406],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[267,44408,21088,44410,44412],{"id":44409},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44411,43150],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44414,29938,44415,44417,44418,2532,44420,44422],{},[15,44416,4353],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44419,43150],{},[15,44421,11856],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[267,44424,44426,44427,1520],{"id":44425},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44428,43150],{},[20,44430,44431],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[267,44433,44435,44436,44438],{"id":44434},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44437,43150],{}," values?",[20,44440,44441],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[30,44443,1545],{"id":1544},[139,44445,44446,44451,44456,44461,44469],{},[142,44447,44448],{},[243,44449,44450],{"href":43288},"Python variables explained for beginners",[142,44452,44453],{},[243,44454,44455],{"href":43597},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[142,44457,44458],{},[243,44459,44460],{"href":43601},"Python data types overview",[142,44462,44463],{},[243,44464,3234,44466,3167],{"href":44465},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44467,44468],{},"isinstance()",[142,44470,44471],{},[243,44472,44474],{"href":44473},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1577,44476,44477],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":44479},[44480,44482,44483,44484,44485,44486,44488,44490,44491,44492,44504],{"id":43254,"depth":69,"text":44481},"What id() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":43422,"depth":69,"text":43423},{"id":43605,"depth":69,"text":43606},{"id":43717,"depth":69,"text":43718},{"id":43874,"depth":69,"text":44487},"When id() is useful",{"id":44085,"depth":69,"text":44489},"When not to use id()",{"id":20467,"depth":69,"text":20468},{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":44493},[44494,44496,44498,44500,44502],{"id":44391,"depth":91,"text":44495},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44400,"depth":91,"text":44497},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44409,"depth":91,"text":44499},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44425,"depth":91,"text":44501},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44434,"depth":91,"text":44503},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43142,"description":44505},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44512,"title":41858,"body":44513,"description":46152,"extension":1611,"meta":46153,"navigation":184,"path":46154,"seo":46155,"stem":46156,"__hash__":46157},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44514,"toc":46118},[44515,44520,44525,44528,44530,44573,44578,44581,44586,44591,44594,44610,44612,44656,44658,44685,44687,44702,44704,44706,44708,44724,44726,44738,44741,44775,44778,44803,44808,44810,44815,44819,44822,44824,44872,44874,44907,44913,44924,44926,44978,44980,45011,45013,45017,45021,45064,45070,45076,45128,45136,45141,45145,45236,45238,45271,45274,45276,45336,45338,45364,45374,45376,45380,45385,45390,45392,45429,45431,45450,45453,45457,45460,45516,45528,45537,45539,45566,45574,45581,45585,45588,45625,45628,45634,45671,45673,45677,45683,45701,45706,45754,45758,45847,45850,45857,45859,45861,45866,45884,45886,45929,45935,45952,45954,46016,46018,46020,46026,46033,46039,46045,46054,46064,46068,46076,46078,46080,46115],[10,44516,3234,44518,3238],{"id":44517},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44519,419],{},[20,44521,1628,44522,44524],{},[15,44523,419],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44526,44527],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[30,44529,1653],{"id":1652},[35,44531,44533],{"className":37,"code":44532,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44534,44535,44554],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44536,44537,44539,44541,44543,44545,44547,44550,44552],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44538,284],{"class":50},[44,44540,55],{"class":54},[44,44542,7903],{"class":94},[44,44544,98],{"class":80},[44,44546,362],{"class":58},[44,44548,44549],{"class":62},"Enter your name: ",[44,44551,362],{"class":58},[44,44553,104],{"class":80},[44,44555,44556,44558,44560,44562,44565,44567,44569,44571],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,44557,95],{"class":94},[44,44559,98],{"class":80},[44,44561,362],{"class":58},[44,44563,44564],{"class":62},"Hello, ",[44,44566,362],{"class":58},[44,44568,2107],{"class":54},[44,44570,35656],{"class":84},[44,44572,104],{"class":80},[20,44574,119,44575,44577],{},[15,44576,419],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44579,44580],"hr",{},[30,44582,126,44584,129],{"id":44583},"what-input-does",[15,44585,419],{},[20,44587,44588,44590],{},[15,44589,419],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,44592,44593],{},"Here is what happens:",[139,44595,44596,44601,44604,44607],{},[142,44597,44598,44600],{},[15,44599,419],{}," waits for the user to type",[142,44602,44603],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[142,44605,44606],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[142,44608,44609],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,44611,161],{},[35,44613,44615],{"className":37,"code":44614,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,44616,44617,44637],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44618,44619,44622,44624,44626,44628,44630,44633,44635],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44620,44621],{"class":50},"color ",[44,44623,55],{"class":54},[44,44625,7903],{"class":94},[44,44627,98],{"class":80},[44,44629,362],{"class":58},[44,44631,44632],{"class":62},"What is your favorite color? ",[44,44634,362],{"class":58},[44,44636,104],{"class":80},[44,44638,44639,44641,44643,44645,44648,44650,44652,44654],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,44640,95],{"class":94},[44,44642,98],{"class":80},[44,44644,362],{"class":58},[44,44646,44647],{"class":62},"Your favorite color is",[44,44649,362],{"class":58},[44,44651,2646],{"class":80},[44,44653,35515],{"class":84},[44,44655,104],{"class":80},[20,44657,29697],{},[35,44659,44661],{"className":37,"code":44660,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,44662,44663,44676],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44664,44665,44667,44669,44672,44674],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44666,126],{"class":50},[44,44668,11856],{"class":54},[44,44670,44671],{"class":50}," your favorite color",[44,44673,1520],{"class":37032},[44,44675,35545],{"class":50},[44,44677,44678,44681,44683],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,44679,44680],{"class":50},"Your favorite color ",[44,44682,11856],{"class":54},[44,44684,35545],{"class":50},[20,44686,19624],{},[139,44688,44689,44694,44699],{},[142,44690,44691,44692],{},"The prompt is ",[15,44693,44632],{},[142,44695,44696,44697],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,44698,32557],{},[142,44700,44701],{},"That value is then printed",[44579,44703],{},[30,44705,250],{"id":249},[20,44707,6880],{},[35,44709,44711],{"className":37,"code":44710,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"input(prompt)\n",[15,44712,44713],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44714,44715,44717,44719,44722],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44716,42127],{"class":94},[44,44718,98],{"class":80},[44,44720,44721],{"class":84},"prompt",[44,44723,104],{"class":80},[20,44725,11119],{},[139,44727,44728,44732,44735],{},[142,44729,1628,44730,19706],{},[15,44731,44721],{},[142,44733,44734],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[142,44736,44737],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,44739,44740],{},"Example with a prompt:",[35,44742,44744],{"className":37,"code":44743,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,44745,44746,44765],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44747,44748,44750,44752,44754,44756,44758,44761,44763],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44749,442],{"class":50},[44,44751,55],{"class":54},[44,44753,7903],{"class":94},[44,44755,98],{"class":80},[44,44757,362],{"class":58},[44,44759,44760],{"class":62},"Enter your username: ",[44,44762,362],{"class":58},[44,44764,104],{"class":80},[44,44766,44767,44769,44771,44773],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,44768,95],{"class":94},[44,44770,98],{"class":80},[44,44772,7646],{"class":84},[44,44774,104],{"class":80},[20,44776,44777],{},"Example without a prompt:",[35,44779,44781],{"className":37,"code":44780,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,44782,44783,44793],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44784,44785,44787,44789,44791],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44786,2099],{"class":50},[44,44788,55],{"class":54},[44,44790,7903],{"class":94},[44,44792,88],{"class":80},[44,44794,44795,44797,44799,44801],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,44796,95],{"class":94},[44,44798,98],{"class":80},[44,44800,2126],{"class":84},[44,44802,104],{"class":80},[20,44804,7424,44805,44807],{},[15,44806,419],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44579,44809],{},[30,44811,126,44813,11367],{"id":44812},"what-input-returns",[15,44814,419],{},[20,44816,44817,7886],{},[15,44818,419],{},[20,44820,44821],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,44823,161],{},[35,44825,44827],{"className":37,"code":44826,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44828,44829,44848,44858],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44830,44831,44833,44835,44837,44839,44841,44844,44846],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44832,21295],{"class":50},[44,44834,55],{"class":54},[44,44836,7903],{"class":94},[44,44838,98],{"class":80},[44,44840,362],{"class":58},[44,44842,44843],{"class":62},"Enter your age: ",[44,44845,362],{"class":58},[44,44847,104],{"class":80},[44,44849,44850,44852,44854,44856],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,44851,95],{"class":94},[44,44853,98],{"class":80},[44,44855,8959],{"class":84},[44,44857,104],{"class":80},[44,44859,44860,44862,44864,44866,44868,44870],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,44861,95],{"class":94},[44,44863,98],{"class":80},[44,44865,2880],{"class":1461},[44,44867,98],{"class":80},[44,44869,8959],{"class":84},[44,44871,370],{"class":80},[20,44873,29697],{},[35,44875,44877],{"className":37,"code":44876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,44878,44879,44889,44893],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44880,44881,44884,44886],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44882,44883],{"class":50},"Enter your age",[44,44885,2539],{"class":80},[44,44887,44888],{"class":1675}," 25\n",[44,44890,44891],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,44892,2363],{"class":1675},[44,44894,44895,44897,44899,44901,44903,44905],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,44896,2949],{"class":54},[44,44898,2952],{"class":1717},[44,44900,2955],{"class":58},[44,44902,1462],{"class":62},[44,44904,655],{"class":58},[44,44906,2962],{"class":54},[20,44908,44909,44910,44912],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,44911,8853],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,44914,44915,44916,2532,44920,81],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[243,44917,44918],{"href":2528},[15,44919,2531],{},[243,44921,44922],{"href":2535},[15,44923,2538],{},[20,44925,161],{},[35,44927,44929],{"className":37,"code":44928,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44930,44931,44954,44964],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44932,44933,44935,44937,44940,44942,44944,44946,44948,44950,44952],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44934,21295],{"class":50},[44,44936,55],{"class":54},[44,44938,44939],{"class":1461}," int",[44,44941,98],{"class":80},[44,44943,42127],{"class":94},[44,44945,98],{"class":80},[44,44947,362],{"class":58},[44,44949,44843],{"class":62},[44,44951,362],{"class":58},[44,44953,370],{"class":80},[44,44955,44956,44958,44960,44962],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,44957,95],{"class":94},[44,44959,98],{"class":80},[44,44961,8959],{"class":84},[44,44963,104],{"class":80},[44,44965,44966,44968,44970,44972,44974,44976],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,44967,95],{"class":94},[44,44969,98],{"class":80},[44,44971,2880],{"class":1461},[44,44973,98],{"class":80},[44,44975,8959],{"class":84},[44,44977,370],{"class":80},[20,44979,29697],{},[35,44981,44983],{"className":37,"code":44982,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,44984,44985,44993,44997],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44986,44987,44989,44991],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44988,44883],{"class":50},[44,44990,2539],{"class":80},[44,44992,44888],{"class":1675},[44,44994,44995],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,44996,2363],{"class":1675},[44,44998,44999,45001,45003,45005,45007,45009],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,45000,2949],{"class":54},[44,45002,2952],{"class":1717},[44,45004,2955],{"class":58},[44,45006,1840],{"class":62},[44,45008,655],{"class":58},[44,45010,2962],{"class":54},[44579,45012],{},[30,45014,45016],{"id":45015},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[267,45018,45020],{"id":45019},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[35,45022,45024],{"className":37,"code":45023,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45025,45026,45045],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45027,45028,45030,45032,45034,45036,45038,45041,45043],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45029,284],{"class":50},[44,45031,55],{"class":54},[44,45033,7903],{"class":94},[44,45035,98],{"class":80},[44,45037,362],{"class":58},[44,45039,45040],{"class":62},"What is your name? ",[44,45042,362],{"class":58},[44,45044,104],{"class":80},[44,45046,45047,45049,45051,45053,45056,45058,45060,45062],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,45048,95],{"class":94},[44,45050,98],{"class":80},[44,45052,362],{"class":58},[44,45054,45055],{"class":62},"Hello,",[44,45057,362],{"class":58},[44,45059,2646],{"class":80},[44,45061,35656],{"class":84},[44,45063,104],{"class":80},[20,45065,45066,45067,45069],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45068,302],{}," and prints it.",[267,45071,45073,45074],{"id":45072},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45075,2531],{},[35,45077,45079],{"className":37,"code":45078,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45080,45081,45104],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45082,45083,45085,45087,45089,45091,45093,45095,45097,45100,45102],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45084,21295],{"class":50},[44,45086,55],{"class":54},[44,45088,44939],{"class":1461},[44,45090,98],{"class":80},[44,45092,42127],{"class":94},[44,45094,98],{"class":80},[44,45096,362],{"class":58},[44,45098,45099],{"class":62},"How old are you? ",[44,45101,362],{"class":58},[44,45103,370],{"class":80},[44,45105,45106,45108,45110,45112,45115,45117,45119,45122,45124,45126],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,45107,95],{"class":94},[44,45109,98],{"class":80},[44,45111,362],{"class":58},[44,45113,45114],{"class":62},"Next year you will be",[44,45116,362],{"class":58},[44,45118,2646],{"class":80},[44,45120,45121],{"class":84}," age ",[44,45123,1711],{"class":54},[44,45125,5162],{"class":1675},[44,45127,104],{"class":80},[20,45129,5726,45130,45132,45133,45135],{},[15,45131,2531],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45134,419],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45137,45138,45139,81],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[243,45140,8640],{"href":8639},[267,45142,45144],{"id":45143},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[35,45146,45148],{"className":37,"code":45147,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45149,45150,45174,45198,45212,45216],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45151,45152,45155,45157,45159,45161,45163,45165,45167,45170,45172],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45153,45154],{"class":50},"num1 ",[44,45156,55],{"class":54},[44,45158,44939],{"class":1461},[44,45160,98],{"class":80},[44,45162,42127],{"class":94},[44,45164,98],{"class":80},[44,45166,362],{"class":58},[44,45168,45169],{"class":62},"Enter the first number: ",[44,45171,362],{"class":58},[44,45173,370],{"class":80},[44,45175,45176,45179,45181,45183,45185,45187,45189,45191,45194,45196],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,45177,45178],{"class":50},"num2 ",[44,45180,55],{"class":54},[44,45182,44939],{"class":1461},[44,45184,98],{"class":80},[44,45186,42127],{"class":94},[44,45188,98],{"class":80},[44,45190,362],{"class":58},[44,45192,45193],{"class":62},"Enter the second number: ",[44,45195,362],{"class":58},[44,45197,370],{"class":80},[44,45199,45200,45202,45204,45207,45209],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,45201,40850],{"class":50},[44,45203,55],{"class":54},[44,45205,45206],{"class":50}," num1 ",[44,45208,1711],{"class":54},[44,45210,45211],{"class":50}," num2\n",[44,45213,45214],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,45215,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,45217,45218,45220,45222,45224,45227,45229,45231,45234],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,45219,95],{"class":94},[44,45221,98],{"class":80},[44,45223,362],{"class":58},[44,45225,45226],{"class":62},"Total:",[44,45228,362],{"class":58},[44,45230,2646],{"class":80},[44,45232,45233],{"class":84}," total",[44,45235,104],{"class":80},[20,45237,29697],{},[35,45239,45241],{"className":37,"code":45240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45242,45243,45253,45262],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45244,45245,45248,45250],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45246,45247],{"class":50},"Enter the first number",[44,45249,2539],{"class":80},[44,45251,45252],{"class":1675}," 2\n",[44,45254,45255,45258,45260],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,45256,45257],{"class":50},"Enter the second number",[44,45259,2539],{"class":80},[44,45261,2231],{"class":1675},[44,45263,45264,45267,45269],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,45265,45266],{"class":50},"Total",[44,45268,2539],{"class":80},[44,45270,34505],{"class":1675},[20,45272,45273],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45275,161],{},[35,45277,45279],{"className":37,"code":45278,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45280,45281,45299,45317,45321],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45282,45283,45285,45287,45289,45291,45293,45295,45297],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45284,45154],{"class":50},[44,45286,55],{"class":54},[44,45288,7903],{"class":94},[44,45290,98],{"class":80},[44,45292,362],{"class":58},[44,45294,45169],{"class":62},[44,45296,362],{"class":58},[44,45298,104],{"class":80},[44,45300,45301,45303,45305,45307,45309,45311,45313,45315],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,45302,45178],{"class":50},[44,45304,55],{"class":54},[44,45306,7903],{"class":94},[44,45308,98],{"class":80},[44,45310,362],{"class":58},[44,45312,45193],{"class":62},[44,45314,362],{"class":58},[44,45316,104],{"class":80},[44,45318,45319],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,45320,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,45322,45323,45325,45327,45329,45331,45334],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,45324,95],{"class":94},[44,45326,98],{"class":80},[44,45328,45154],{"class":84},[44,45330,1711],{"class":54},[44,45332,45333],{"class":84}," num2",[44,45335,104],{"class":80},[20,45337,29697],{},[35,45339,45341],{"className":37,"code":45340,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45342,45343,45351,45359],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45344,45345,45347,45349],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45346,45247],{"class":50},[44,45348,2539],{"class":80},[44,45350,45252],{"class":1675},[44,45352,45353,45355,45357],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,45354,45257],{"class":50},[44,45356,2539],{"class":80},[44,45358,2231],{"class":1675},[44,45360,45361],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,45362,45363],{"class":1675},"23\n",[20,45365,45366,45367,45370,45371,81],{},"That happens because ",[15,45368,45369],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45372,45373],{},"\"23\"",[44579,45375],{},[30,45377,45379],{"id":45378},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45381,45382,45383,81],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45384,419],{},[267,45386,1262,45388,41209],{"id":45387},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45389,419],{},[20,45391,38865],{},[35,45393,45395],{"className":37,"code":45394,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45396,45397,45415],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45398,45399,45401,45403,45405,45407,45409,45411,45413],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45400,2099],{"class":50},[44,45402,55],{"class":54},[44,45404,7903],{"class":94},[44,45406,98],{"class":80},[44,45408,362],{"class":58},[44,45410,41535],{"class":62},[44,45412,362],{"class":58},[44,45414,104],{"class":80},[44,45416,45417,45419,45421,45423,45425,45427],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,45418,95],{"class":94},[44,45420,98],{"class":80},[44,45422,2880],{"class":1461},[44,45424,98],{"class":80},[44,45426,2126],{"class":84},[44,45428,370],{"class":80},[20,45430,107],{},[35,45432,45434],{"className":37,"code":45433,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45435,45436],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45437,45438,45440,45442,45444,45446,45448],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45439,2949],{"class":54},[44,45441,2952],{"class":1717},[44,45443,2955],{"class":58},[44,45445,1462],{"class":62},[44,45447,655],{"class":58},[44,45449,2962],{"class":54},[20,45451,45452],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[267,45454,45456],{"id":45455},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45458,45459],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[35,45461,45463],{"className":37,"code":45462,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45464,45465,45483,45502],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45466,45467,45469,45471,45473,45475,45477,45479,45481],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45468,2208],{"class":50},[44,45470,55],{"class":54},[44,45472,7903],{"class":94},[44,45474,98],{"class":80},[44,45476,362],{"class":58},[44,45478,41535],{"class":62},[44,45480,362],{"class":58},[44,45482,104],{"class":80},[44,45484,45485,45487,45489,45491,45493,45495,45498,45500],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,45486,2236],{"class":50},[44,45488,55],{"class":54},[44,45490,7903],{"class":94},[44,45492,98],{"class":80},[44,45494,362],{"class":58},[44,45496,45497],{"class":62},"Enter another number: ",[44,45499,362],{"class":58},[44,45501,104],{"class":80},[44,45503,45504,45506,45508,45510,45512,45514],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,45505,95],{"class":94},[44,45507,98],{"class":80},[44,45509,2208],{"class":84},[44,45511,1711],{"class":54},[44,45513,2213],{"class":84},[44,45515,104],{"class":80},[20,45517,40788,45518,4057,45520,45522,45523,18630,45526,81],{},[15,45519,2158],{},[15,45521,1789],{},", the result is ",[15,45524,45525],{},"45",[15,45527,1797],{},[267,45529,45531,45532,45534,45535],{"id":45530},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45533,40371],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45536,2531],{},[20,45538,161],{},[35,45540,45542],{"className":37,"code":45541,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45543,45544],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45545,45546,45548,45550,45552,45554,45556,45558,45560,45562,45564],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45547,21295],{"class":50},[44,45549,55],{"class":54},[44,45551,44939],{"class":1461},[44,45553,98],{"class":80},[44,45555,42127],{"class":94},[44,45557,98],{"class":80},[44,45559,362],{"class":58},[44,45561,44843],{"class":62},[44,45563,362],{"class":58},[44,45565,370],{"class":80},[20,45567,7932,45568,45571,45572,81],{},[15,45569,45570],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,45573,40371],{},[20,45575,45576,45577,81],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[243,45578,45580],{"href":45579},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[267,45582,45584],{"id":45583},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,45586,45587],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[35,45589,45591],{"className":37,"code":45590,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,45592,45593,45611],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45594,45595,45597,45599,45601,45603,45605,45607,45609],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45596,284],{"class":50},[44,45598,55],{"class":54},[44,45600,7903],{"class":94},[44,45602,98],{"class":80},[44,45604,362],{"class":58},[44,45606,44549],{"class":62},[44,45608,362],{"class":58},[44,45610,104],{"class":80},[44,45612,45613,45615,45617,45619,45621,45623],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,45614,95],{"class":94},[44,45616,98],{"class":80},[44,45618,617],{"class":94},[44,45620,98],{"class":80},[44,45622,302],{"class":84},[44,45624,370],{"class":80},[20,45626,45627],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,45629,45630,45631,2539],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,45632,45633],{},".strip()",[35,45635,45637],{"className":37,"code":45636,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,45638,45639,45661],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45640,45641,45643,45645,45647,45649,45651,45653,45655,45657,45659],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45642,284],{"class":50},[44,45644,55],{"class":54},[44,45646,7903],{"class":94},[44,45648,98],{"class":80},[44,45650,362],{"class":58},[44,45652,44549],{"class":62},[44,45654,362],{"class":58},[44,45656,8292],{"class":80},[44,45658,85],{"class":84},[44,45660,88],{"class":80},[44,45662,45663,45665,45667,45669],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,45664,95],{"class":94},[44,45666,98],{"class":80},[44,45668,302],{"class":84},[44,45670,104],{"class":80},[44579,45672],{},[30,45674,45676],{"id":45675},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,45678,45679,45680,45682],{},"These habits make ",[15,45681,419],{}," easier and safer to use.",[139,45684,45685,45688,45693,45696],{},[142,45686,45687],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[142,45689,119,45690,45692],{},[15,45691,45633],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[142,45694,45695],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[142,45697,119,45698,45700],{},[15,45699,29449],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,45702,45703,45704,2539],{},"Example with ",[15,45705,45633],{},[35,45707,45709],{"className":37,"code":45708,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,45710,45711,45735],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45712,45713,45716,45718,45720,45722,45724,45727,45729,45731,45733],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45714,45715],{"class":50},"city ",[44,45717,55],{"class":54},[44,45719,7903],{"class":94},[44,45721,98],{"class":80},[44,45723,362],{"class":58},[44,45725,45726],{"class":62},"Enter your city: ",[44,45728,362],{"class":58},[44,45730,8292],{"class":80},[44,45732,85],{"class":84},[44,45734,88],{"class":80},[44,45736,45737,45739,45741,45743,45746,45748,45750,45752],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,45738,95],{"class":94},[44,45740,98],{"class":80},[44,45742,362],{"class":58},[44,45744,45745],{"class":62},"City:",[44,45747,362],{"class":58},[44,45749,2646],{"class":80},[44,45751,31052],{"class":84},[44,45753,104],{"class":80},[20,45755,45703,45756,2539],{},[15,45757,29449],{},[35,45759,45761],{"className":37,"code":45760,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,45762,45763,45769,45792,45824,45832],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45764,45765,45767],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45766,29471],{"class":524},[44,45768,548],{"class":80},[44,45770,45771,45774,45776,45778,45780,45782,45784,45786,45788,45790],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,45772,45773],{"class":50},"    age ",[44,45775,55],{"class":54},[44,45777,44939],{"class":1461},[44,45779,98],{"class":80},[44,45781,42127],{"class":94},[44,45783,98],{"class":80},[44,45785,362],{"class":58},[44,45787,44843],{"class":62},[44,45789,362],{"class":58},[44,45791,370],{"class":80},[44,45793,45794,45796,45798,45800,45803,45805,45807,45809,45811,45813,45815,45817,45820,45822],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,45795,553],{"class":94},[44,45797,98],{"class":80},[44,45799,362],{"class":58},[44,45801,45802],{"class":62},"You will be",[44,45804,362],{"class":58},[44,45806,2646],{"class":80},[44,45808,45121],{"class":84},[44,45810,1711],{"class":54},[44,45812,5162],{"class":1675},[44,45814,2646],{"class":80},[44,45816,59],{"class":58},[44,45818,45819],{"class":62},"next year",[44,45821,362],{"class":58},[44,45823,104],{"class":80},[44,45825,45826,45828,45830],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,45827,29502],{"class":524},[44,45829,41590],{"class":1461},[44,45831,548],{"class":80},[44,45833,45834,45836,45838,45840,45843,45845],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,45835,553],{"class":94},[44,45837,98],{"class":80},[44,45839,362],{"class":58},[44,45841,45842],{"class":62},"Please enter a whole number.",[44,45844,362],{"class":58},[44,45846,104],{"class":80},[20,45848,45849],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,45851,45852,45853,81],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[243,45854,45856],{"href":45855},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44579,45858],{},[30,45860,1238],{"id":1237},[20,45862,45863,45864,2539],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,45865,419],{},[139,45867,45868,45875,45878,45881],{},[142,45869,45870,45871,2532,45873],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,45872,2531],{},[15,45874,2538],{},[142,45876,45877],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[142,45879,45880],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[142,45882,45883],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,45885,31750],{},[35,45887,45889],{"className":37,"code":45888,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,45890,45891,45901,45915],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45892,45893,45895,45897,45899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45894,95],{"class":94},[44,45896,98],{"class":80},[44,45898,2126],{"class":84},[44,45900,104],{"class":80},[44,45902,45903,45905,45907,45909,45911,45913],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,45904,95],{"class":94},[44,45906,98],{"class":80},[44,45908,2880],{"class":1461},[44,45910,98],{"class":80},[44,45912,2126],{"class":84},[44,45914,370],{"class":80},[44,45916,45917,45919,45921,45923,45925,45927],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,45918,95],{"class":94},[44,45920,98],{"class":80},[44,45922,617],{"class":94},[44,45924,98],{"class":80},[44,45926,2126],{"class":84},[44,45928,370],{"class":80},[20,45930,45931,45932,45934],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,45933,419],{}," actually returned:",[139,45936,45937,45942,45947],{},[142,45938,45939,45941],{},[15,45940,41491],{}," shows the value",[142,45943,45944,45946],{},[15,45945,41497],{}," shows the data type",[142,45948,45949,45951],{},[15,45950,41502],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,45953,161],{},[35,45955,45957],{"className":37,"code":45956,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,45958,45959,45978,45988,46002],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45960,45961,45963,45965,45967,45969,45971,45974,45976],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45962,2099],{"class":50},[44,45964,55],{"class":54},[44,45966,7903],{"class":94},[44,45968,98],{"class":80},[44,45970,362],{"class":58},[44,45972,45973],{"class":62},"Enter something: ",[44,45975,362],{"class":58},[44,45977,104],{"class":80},[44,45979,45980,45982,45984,45986],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,45981,95],{"class":94},[44,45983,98],{"class":80},[44,45985,2126],{"class":84},[44,45987,104],{"class":80},[44,45989,45990,45992,45994,45996,45998,46000],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,45991,95],{"class":94},[44,45993,98],{"class":80},[44,45995,2880],{"class":1461},[44,45997,98],{"class":80},[44,45999,2126],{"class":84},[44,46001,370],{"class":80},[44,46003,46004,46006,46008,46010,46012,46014],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,46005,95],{"class":94},[44,46007,98],{"class":80},[44,46009,617],{"class":94},[44,46011,98],{"class":80},[44,46013,2126],{"class":84},[44,46015,370],{"class":80},[44579,46017],{},[30,46019,1478],{"id":1477},[267,46021,1482,46023,46025],{"id":46022},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46024,419],{}," return an integer?",[20,46027,1488,46028,46030,46031,39596],{},[15,46029,419],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46032,2531],{},[267,46034,46036,46037,1520],{"id":46035},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46038,419],{},[20,46040,46041,46042,46044],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46043,419],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[267,46046,4820,46048,46051,46052,1520],{"id":46047},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46049,46050],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46053,419],{},[20,46055,28729,46056,46058,46059,41819,46061,46063],{},[15,46057,419],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46060,45369],{},[15,46062,45373],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[267,46065,46067],{"id":46066},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46069,119,46070,46072,46073,81],{},[15,46071,45633],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46074,46075],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44579,46077],{},[30,46079,1545],{"id":1544},[139,46081,46082,46087,46091,46097,46103,46107],{},[142,46083,46084],{},[243,46085,46086],{"href":45855},"How to get user input in Python",[142,46088,46089],{},[243,46090,8717],{"href":8639},[142,46092,46093],{},[243,46094,3234,46095,3167],{"href":2528},[15,46096,2531],{},[142,46098,46099],{},[243,46100,3234,46101,3167],{"href":2535},[15,46102,2538],{},[142,46104,46105],{},[243,46106,45580],{"href":45579},[142,46108,46109],{},[243,46110,3234,46112,3167],{"href":46111},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46113,46114],{},"print()",[1577,46116,46117],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":46119},[46120,46121,46123,46124,46126,46132,46140,46141,46142,46151],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":44583,"depth":69,"text":46122},"What input() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":44812,"depth":69,"text":46125},"What input() returns",{"id":45015,"depth":69,"text":45016,"children":46127},[46128,46129,46131],{"id":45019,"depth":91,"text":45020},{"id":45072,"depth":91,"text":46130},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45143,"depth":91,"text":45144},{"id":45378,"depth":69,"text":45379,"children":46133},[46134,46136,46137,46139],{"id":45387,"depth":91,"text":46135},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45455,"depth":91,"text":45456},{"id":45530,"depth":91,"text":46138},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45583,"depth":91,"text":45584},{"id":45675,"depth":69,"text":45676},{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":46143},[46144,46146,46148,46150],{"id":46022,"depth":91,"text":46145},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46035,"depth":91,"text":46147},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46047,"depth":91,"text":46149},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46066,"depth":91,"text":46067},{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":41858,"description":46152},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46159,"title":41760,"body":46160,"description":48472,"extension":1611,"meta":48473,"navigation":184,"path":48474,"seo":48475,"stem":48476,"__hash__":48477},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46161,"toc":48424},[46162,46167,46172,46177,46198,46201,46203,46263,46265,46284,46289,46294,46299,46301,46314,46316,46399,46401,46442,46448,46450,46480,46486,46489,46506,46508,46560,46562,46580,46586,46592,46595,46613,46615,46688,46690,46709,46716,46722,46727,46730,46790,46792,46811,46814,46817,46832,46838,46842,46903,46905,46926,46930,47059,47061,47191,47201,47207,47213,47221,47287,47289,47314,47317,47334,47347,47353,47356,47389,47391,47404,47407,47450,47452,47460,47467,47471,47478,47482,47509,47511,47519,47525,47542,47547,47551,47578,47580,47588,47592,47597,47600,47626,47629,47638,47646,47650,47660,47664,47667,47669,47720,47722,47752,47762,47789,47791,47799,47809,47813,47816,47818,47866,47868,47912,47918,47969,47971,47990,47995,48000,48003,48022,48024,48076,48078,48087,48089,48093,48097,48100,48109,48116,48118,48145,48149,48151,48160,48163,48170,48176,48236,48240,48242,48250,48253,48279,48285,48288,48308,48310,48319,48327,48329,48335,48340,48347,48357,48363,48371,48375,48378,48380,48421],[10,46163,3234,46165,3238],{"id":46164},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46166,2531],{},[20,46168,22,46169,46171],{},[15,46170,2531],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46173,35069,46174,46176],{},[15,46175,2531],{}," when they want to:",[139,46178,46179,46189,46192,46195],{},[142,46180,46181,46182,46185,46186],{},"turn text like ",[15,46183,46184],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46187,46188],{},"42",[142,46190,46191],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[142,46193,46194],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[142,46196,46197],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46199,46200],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[30,46202,1653],{"id":1652},[35,46204,46206],{"className":37,"code":46205,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46207,46208,46226,46240],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46209,46210,46212,46214,46216,46218,46220,46222,46224],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46211,95],{"class":94},[44,46213,98],{"class":80},[44,46215,1840],{"class":1461},[44,46217,98],{"class":80},[44,46219,362],{"class":58},[44,46221,46188],{"class":62},[44,46223,362],{"class":58},[44,46225,370],{"class":80},[44,46227,46228,46230,46232,46234,46236,46238],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,46229,95],{"class":94},[44,46231,98],{"class":80},[44,46233,1840],{"class":1461},[44,46235,98],{"class":80},[44,46237,41648],{"class":1675},[44,46239,370],{"class":80},[44,46241,46242,46244,46246,46248,46250,46252,46255,46257,46259,46261],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,46243,95],{"class":94},[44,46245,98],{"class":80},[44,46247,1840],{"class":1461},[44,46249,98],{"class":80},[44,46251,362],{"class":58},[44,46253,46254],{"class":62},"101",[44,46256,362],{"class":58},[44,46258,2646],{"class":80},[44,46260,2649],{"class":1675},[44,46262,370],{"class":80},[20,46264,107],{},[35,46266,46268],{"className":37,"code":46267,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46269,46270,46275,46280],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46271,46272],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46273,46274],{"class":1675},"42\n",[44,46276,46277],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,46278,46279],{"class":1675},"3\n",[44,46281,46282],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,46283,2602],{"class":1675},[20,46285,119,46286,46288],{},[15,46287,2531],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[30,46290,126,46292,129],{"id":46291},"what-int-does",[15,46293,2531],{},[20,46295,46296,46298],{},[15,46297,2531],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46300,137],{},[139,46302,46303,46308,46311],{},[142,46304,46305,46306,7002],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46307,1840],{},[142,46309,46310],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[142,46312,46313],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46315,161],{},[35,46317,46319],{"className":37,"code":46318,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46320,46321,46333,46347,46351,46361,46371,46385],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46322,46323,46325,46327,46329,46331],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46324,51],{"class":50},[44,46326,55],{"class":54},[44,46328,59],{"class":58},[44,46330,8853],{"class":62},[44,46332,66],{"class":58},[44,46334,46335,46337,46339,46341,46343,46345],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,46336,1867],{"class":50},[44,46338,55],{"class":54},[44,46340,44939],{"class":1461},[44,46342,98],{"class":80},[44,46344,194],{"class":84},[44,46346,104],{"class":80},[44,46348,46349],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,46350,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,46352,46353,46355,46357,46359],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,46354,95],{"class":94},[44,46356,98],{"class":80},[44,46358,194],{"class":84},[44,46360,104],{"class":80},[44,46362,46363,46365,46367,46369],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,46364,95],{"class":94},[44,46366,98],{"class":80},[44,46368,1890],{"class":84},[44,46370,104],{"class":80},[44,46372,46373,46375,46377,46379,46381,46383],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,46374,95],{"class":94},[44,46376,98],{"class":80},[44,46378,2880],{"class":1461},[44,46380,98],{"class":80},[44,46382,194],{"class":84},[44,46384,370],{"class":80},[44,46386,46387,46389,46391,46393,46395,46397],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,46388,95],{"class":94},[44,46390,98],{"class":80},[44,46392,2880],{"class":1461},[44,46394,98],{"class":80},[44,46396,1890],{"class":84},[44,46398,370],{"class":80},[20,46400,107],{},[35,46402,46404],{"className":37,"code":46403,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46405,46406,46410,46414,46428],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46407,46408],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46409,2363],{"class":1675},[44,46411,46412],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,46413,2363],{"class":1675},[44,46415,46416,46418,46420,46422,46424,46426],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,46417,2949],{"class":54},[44,46419,2952],{"class":1717},[44,46421,2955],{"class":58},[44,46423,1462],{"class":62},[44,46425,655],{"class":58},[44,46427,2962],{"class":54},[44,46429,46430,46432,46434,46436,46438,46440],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,46431,2949],{"class":54},[44,46433,2952],{"class":1717},[44,46435,2955],{"class":58},[44,46437,1840],{"class":62},[44,46439,655],{"class":58},[44,46441,2962],{"class":54},[20,46443,46444,46445,46447],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46446,2531],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[30,46449,250],{"id":249},[35,46451,46453],{"className":37,"code":46452,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46454,46455,46465],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46456,46457,46459,46461,46463],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46458,1840],{"class":1461},[44,46460,98],{"class":80},[44,46462,1110],{"class":84},[44,46464,104],{"class":80},[44,46466,46467,46469,46471,46473,46475,46478],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,46468,1840],{"class":1461},[44,46470,98],{"class":80},[44,46472,1110],{"class":84},[44,46474,2646],{"class":80},[44,46476,46477],{"class":84}," base",[44,46479,104],{"class":80},[267,46481,46483],{"id":46482},"intx",[15,46484,46485],{},"int(x)",[20,46487,46488],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[139,46490,46491,46496,46501],{},[142,46492,46493,46494],{},"a string such as ",[15,46495,41790],{},[142,46497,46498,46499],{},"a float such as ",[15,46500,41648],{},[142,46502,46503,46504],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46505,3263],{},[20,46507,161],{},[35,46509,46511],{"className":37,"code":46510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46512,46513,46531,46546],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46514,46515,46517,46519,46521,46523,46525,46527,46529],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46516,95],{"class":94},[44,46518,98],{"class":80},[44,46520,1840],{"class":1461},[44,46522,98],{"class":80},[44,46524,362],{"class":58},[44,46526,1982],{"class":62},[44,46528,362],{"class":58},[44,46530,370],{"class":80},[44,46532,46533,46535,46537,46539,46541,46544],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,46534,95],{"class":94},[44,46536,98],{"class":80},[44,46538,1840],{"class":1461},[44,46540,98],{"class":80},[44,46542,46543],{"class":1675},"8.7",[44,46545,370],{"class":80},[44,46547,46548,46550,46552,46554,46556,46558],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,46549,95],{"class":94},[44,46551,98],{"class":80},[44,46553,1840],{"class":1461},[44,46555,98],{"class":80},[44,46557,3263],{"class":3513},[44,46559,370],{"class":80},[20,46561,107],{},[35,46563,46565],{"className":37,"code":46564,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46566,46567,46571,46575],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46568,46569],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46570,2028],{"class":1675},[44,46572,46573],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,46574,2033],{"class":1675},[44,46576,46577],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,46578,46579],{"class":1675},"1\n",[267,46581,46583],{"id":46582},"intx-base",[15,46584,46585],{},"int(x, base)",[20,46587,46588,46589,46591],{},"Use this form when ",[15,46590,1110],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,46593,46594],{},"Common bases:",[139,46596,46597,46602,46607],{},[142,46598,46599,46601],{},[15,46600,1708],{}," for binary",[142,46603,46604,46606],{},[15,46605,1997],{}," for octal",[142,46608,46609,46612],{},[15,46610,46611],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,46614,161],{},[35,46616,46618],{"className":37,"code":46617,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,46619,46620,46642,46665],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46621,46622,46624,46626,46628,46630,46632,46634,46636,46638,46640],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46623,95],{"class":94},[44,46625,98],{"class":80},[44,46627,1840],{"class":1461},[44,46629,98],{"class":80},[44,46631,362],{"class":58},[44,46633,46254],{"class":62},[44,46635,362],{"class":58},[44,46637,2646],{"class":80},[44,46639,2649],{"class":1675},[44,46641,370],{"class":80},[44,46643,46644,46646,46648,46650,46652,46654,46657,46659,46661,46663],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,46645,95],{"class":94},[44,46647,98],{"class":80},[44,46649,1840],{"class":1461},[44,46651,98],{"class":80},[44,46653,362],{"class":58},[44,46655,46656],{"class":62},"17",[44,46658,362],{"class":58},[44,46660,2646],{"class":80},[44,46662,6024],{"class":1675},[44,46664,370],{"class":80},[44,46666,46667,46669,46671,46673,46675,46677,46680,46682,46684,46686],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,46668,95],{"class":94},[44,46670,98],{"class":80},[44,46672,1840],{"class":1461},[44,46674,98],{"class":80},[44,46676,362],{"class":58},[44,46678,46679],{"class":62},"1A",[44,46681,362],{"class":58},[44,46683,2646],{"class":80},[44,46685,13651],{"class":1675},[44,46687,370],{"class":80},[20,46689,107],{},[35,46691,46693],{"className":37,"code":46692,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,46694,46695,46699,46704],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46696,46697],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46698,2602],{"class":1675},[44,46700,46701],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,46702,46703],{"class":1675},"15\n",[44,46705,46706],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,46707,46708],{"class":1675},"26\n",[20,46710,46711,46712,81],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[243,46713,46714,1954],{"href":2535},[15,46715,2538],{},[30,46717,675,46719,46721],{"id":46718},"using-int-with-strings",[15,46720,2531],{}," with strings",[20,46723,46724,46726],{},[15,46725,2531],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,46728,46729],{},"Examples that work:",[35,46731,46733],{"className":37,"code":46732,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,46734,46735,46753,46771],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46736,46737,46739,46741,46743,46745,46747,46749,46751],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46738,95],{"class":94},[44,46740,98],{"class":80},[44,46742,1840],{"class":1461},[44,46744,98],{"class":80},[44,46746,362],{"class":58},[44,46748,1789],{"class":62},[44,46750,362],{"class":58},[44,46752,370],{"class":80},[44,46754,46755,46757,46759,46761,46763,46765,46767,46769],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,46756,95],{"class":94},[44,46758,98],{"class":80},[44,46760,1840],{"class":1461},[44,46762,98],{"class":80},[44,46764,362],{"class":58},[44,46766,1943],{"class":62},[44,46768,362],{"class":58},[44,46770,370],{"class":80},[44,46772,46773,46775,46777,46779,46781,46783,46786,46788],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,46774,95],{"class":94},[44,46776,98],{"class":80},[44,46778,1840],{"class":1461},[44,46780,98],{"class":80},[44,46782,362],{"class":58},[44,46784,46785],{"class":62},"  42  ",[44,46787,362],{"class":58},[44,46789,370],{"class":80},[20,46791,107],{},[35,46793,46795],{"className":37,"code":46794,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,46796,46797,46801,46807],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46798,46799],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46800,2602],{"class":1675},[44,46802,46803,46805],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,46804,1672],{"class":54},[44,46806,1875],{"class":1675},[44,46808,46809],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,46810,46274],{"class":1675},[20,46812,46813],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,46815,46816],{},"Examples that fail:",[35,46818,46820],{"className":37,"code":46819,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,46821,46822,46827],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46823,46824],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46825,46826],{"class":3324},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[44,46828,46829],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,46830,46831],{"class":3324},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,46833,46834,46835,46837],{},"These raise ",[15,46836,40371],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[267,46839,46841],{"id":46840},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[35,46843,46845],{"className":37,"code":46844,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,46846,46847,46865,46884],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46848,46849,46851,46853,46855,46857,46859,46861,46863],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46850,95],{"class":94},[44,46852,98],{"class":80},[44,46854,1840],{"class":1461},[44,46856,98],{"class":80},[44,46858,362],{"class":58},[44,46860,1772],{"class":62},[44,46862,362],{"class":58},[44,46864,370],{"class":80},[44,46866,46867,46869,46871,46873,46875,46877,46880,46882],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,46868,95],{"class":94},[44,46870,98],{"class":80},[44,46872,1840],{"class":1461},[44,46874,98],{"class":80},[44,46876,362],{"class":58},[44,46878,46879],{"class":62},"+7",[44,46881,362],{"class":58},[44,46883,370],{"class":80},[44,46885,46886,46888,46890,46892,46894,46896,46899,46901],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,46887,95],{"class":94},[44,46889,98],{"class":80},[44,46891,1840],{"class":1461},[44,46893,98],{"class":80},[44,46895,362],{"class":58},[44,46897,46898],{"class":62},"-100",[44,46900,362],{"class":58},[44,46902,370],{"class":80},[20,46904,107],{},[35,46906,46908],{"className":37,"code":46907,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,46909,46910,46915,46919],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46911,46912],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46913,46914],{"class":1675},"0\n",[44,46916,46917],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,46918,1732],{"class":1675},[44,46920,46921,46923],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,46922,1672],{"class":54},[44,46924,46925],{"class":1675},"100\n",[267,46927,46929],{"id":46928},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[35,46931,46933],{"className":37,"code":46932,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,46934,46935,46973,46977,46989,46996,47011,47026],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46936,46937,46939,46941,46943,46945,46947,46949,46951,46953,46956,46958,46960,46962,46964,46966,46969,46971],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46938,3484],{"class":50},[44,46940,55],{"class":54},[44,46942,3281],{"class":80},[44,46944,362],{"class":58},[44,46946,39810],{"class":62},[44,46948,362],{"class":58},[44,46950,2646],{"class":80},[44,46952,59],{"class":58},[44,46954,46955],{"class":62},"12abc",[44,46957,362],{"class":58},[44,46959,2646],{"class":80},[44,46961,5792],{"class":58},[44,46963,2646],{"class":80},[44,46965,59],{"class":58},[44,46967,46968],{"class":62},"seven",[44,46970,362],{"class":58},[44,46972,3294],{"class":80},[44,46974,46975],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,46976,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,46978,46979,46981,46983,46985,46987],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,46980,5623],{"class":524},[44,46982,21252],{"class":50},[44,46984,3544],{"class":524},[44,46986,420],{"class":50},[44,46988,548],{"class":80},[44,46990,46991,46994],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,46992,46993],{"class":524},"    try",[44,46995,548],{"class":80},[44,46997,46998,47001,47003,47005,47007,47009],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,46999,47000],{"class":94},"        print",[44,47002,98],{"class":80},[44,47004,1840],{"class":1461},[44,47006,98],{"class":80},[44,47008,2126],{"class":84},[44,47010,370],{"class":80},[44,47012,47013,47016,47018,47021,47024],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,47014,47015],{"class":524},"    except",[44,47017,41590],{"class":1461},[44,47019,47020],{"class":524}," as",[44,47022,47023],{"class":50}," error",[44,47025,548],{"class":80},[44,47027,47028,47030,47032,47034,47036,47038,47040,47043,47045,47048,47050,47053,47055,47057],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,47029,47000],{"class":94},[44,47031,98],{"class":80},[44,47033,21961],{"class":1717},[44,47035,362],{"class":62},[44,47037,8938],{"class":1675},[44,47039,2126],{"class":84},[44,47041,47042],{"class":1717},"!r",[44,47044,21970],{"class":1675},[44,47046,47047],{"class":62}," -> ",[44,47049,8938],{"class":1675},[44,47051,47052],{"class":84},"error",[44,47054,21970],{"class":1675},[44,47056,362],{"class":62},[44,47058,104],{"class":80},[20,47060,107],{},[35,47062,47064],{"className":37,"code":47063,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47065,47066,47102,47134,47159],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47067,47068,47070,47072,47074,47077,47080,47082,47084,47086,47089,47092,47094,47096,47098,47100],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47069,655],{"class":654},[44,47071,39810],{"class":658},[44,47073,655],{"class":654},[44,47075,47076],{"class":37032}," ->",[44,47078,47079],{"class":50}," invalid literal ",[44,47081,5623],{"class":524},[44,47083,44939],{"class":1461},[44,47085,535],{"class":80},[44,47087,47088],{"class":524}," with",[44,47090,47091],{"class":50}," base ",[44,47093,1982],{"class":1675},[44,47095,2539],{"class":80},[44,47097,2955],{"class":58},[44,47099,39810],{"class":62},[44,47101,664],{"class":58},[44,47103,47104,47106,47108,47110,47112,47114,47116,47118,47120,47122,47124,47126,47128,47130,47132],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,47105,655],{"class":58},[44,47107,46955],{"class":62},[44,47109,655],{"class":58},[44,47111,47076],{"class":37032},[44,47113,47079],{"class":50},[44,47115,5623],{"class":524},[44,47117,44939],{"class":1461},[44,47119,535],{"class":80},[44,47121,47088],{"class":524},[44,47123,47091],{"class":50},[44,47125,1982],{"class":1675},[44,47127,2539],{"class":80},[44,47129,2955],{"class":58},[44,47131,46955],{"class":62},[44,47133,664],{"class":58},[44,47135,47136,47138,47140,47142,47144,47146,47148,47150,47152,47154,47156],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,47137,3434],{"class":58},[44,47139,47076],{"class":37032},[44,47141,47079],{"class":50},[44,47143,5623],{"class":524},[44,47145,44939],{"class":1461},[44,47147,535],{"class":80},[44,47149,47088],{"class":524},[44,47151,47091],{"class":50},[44,47153,1982],{"class":1675},[44,47155,2539],{"class":80},[44,47157,47158],{"class":58}," ''\n",[44,47160,47161,47163,47165,47167,47169,47171,47173,47175,47177,47179,47181,47183,47185,47187,47189],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,47162,655],{"class":58},[44,47164,46968],{"class":62},[44,47166,655],{"class":58},[44,47168,47076],{"class":37032},[44,47170,47079],{"class":50},[44,47172,5623],{"class":524},[44,47174,44939],{"class":1461},[44,47176,535],{"class":80},[44,47178,47088],{"class":524},[44,47180,47091],{"class":50},[44,47182,1982],{"class":1675},[44,47184,2539],{"class":80},[44,47186,2955],{"class":58},[44,47188,46968],{"class":62},[44,47190,664],{"class":58},[20,47192,47193,47194,47196,47197,81],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[243,47195,8640],{"href":8639}," and the ",[243,47198,47199,1954],{"href":7880},[15,47200,419],{},[30,47202,675,47204,47206],{"id":47203},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47205,2531],{}," with floats",[20,47208,47209,47210,47212],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47211,2531],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47214,47215,47216,828,47218,47220],{},"Important: ",[15,47217,2531],{},[830,47219,832],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[35,47222,47224],{"className":37,"code":47223,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47225,47226,47240,47255,47271],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47227,47228,47230,47232,47234,47236,47238],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47229,95],{"class":94},[44,47231,98],{"class":80},[44,47233,1840],{"class":1461},[44,47235,98],{"class":80},[44,47237,41648],{"class":1675},[44,47239,370],{"class":80},[44,47241,47242,47244,47246,47248,47250,47253],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,47243,95],{"class":94},[44,47245,98],{"class":80},[44,47247,1840],{"class":1461},[44,47249,98],{"class":80},[44,47251,47252],{"class":1675},"3.1",[44,47254,370],{"class":80},[44,47256,47257,47259,47261,47263,47265,47267,47269],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,47258,95],{"class":94},[44,47260,98],{"class":80},[44,47262,1840],{"class":1461},[44,47264,98],{"class":80},[44,47266,1672],{"class":54},[44,47268,41648],{"class":1675},[44,47270,370],{"class":80},[44,47272,47273,47275,47277,47279,47281,47283,47285],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,47274,95],{"class":94},[44,47276,98],{"class":80},[44,47278,1840],{"class":1461},[44,47280,98],{"class":80},[44,47282,1672],{"class":54},[44,47284,47252],{"class":1675},[44,47286,370],{"class":80},[20,47288,107],{},[35,47290,47292],{"className":37,"code":47291,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47293,47294,47298,47302,47308],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47295,47296],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47297,46279],{"class":1675},[44,47299,47300],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,47301,46279],{"class":1675},[44,47303,47304,47306],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,47305,1672],{"class":54},[44,47307,46279],{"class":1675},[44,47309,47310,47312],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,47311,1672],{"class":54},[44,47313,46279],{"class":1675},[20,47315,47316],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[139,47318,47319,47326],{},[142,47320,47321,41819,47324],{},[15,47322,47323],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47325,1714],{},[142,47327,47328,41819,47331],{},[15,47329,47330],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47332,47333],{},"-3",[20,47335,47336,47337,47341,47342,81],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[243,47338,47339],{"href":2535},[15,47340,2538],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[243,47343,47344],{"href":41839},[15,47345,47346],{},"str()",[30,47348,675,47350,47352],{"id":47349},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47351,2531],{}," with booleans",[20,47354,47355],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[35,47357,47359],{"className":37,"code":47358,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47360,47361,47375],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47362,47363,47365,47367,47369,47371,47373],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47364,95],{"class":94},[44,47366,98],{"class":80},[44,47368,1840],{"class":1461},[44,47370,98],{"class":80},[44,47372,3263],{"class":3513},[44,47374,370],{"class":80},[44,47376,47377,47379,47381,47383,47385,47387],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,47378,95],{"class":94},[44,47380,98],{"class":80},[44,47382,1840],{"class":1461},[44,47384,98],{"class":80},[44,47386,3335],{"class":3513},[44,47388,370],{"class":80},[20,47390,107],{},[35,47392,47394],{"className":37,"code":47393,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n0\n",[15,47395,47396,47400],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47397,47398],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47399,46579],{"class":1675},[44,47401,47402],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,47403,46914],{"class":1675},[20,47405,47406],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[35,47408,47410],{"className":37,"code":47409,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47411,47412,47421,47436,47440],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47413,47414,47417,47419],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47415,47416],{"class":50},"passed ",[44,47418,55],{"class":54},[44,47420,6086],{"class":3513},[44,47422,47423,47425,47427,47429,47431,47434],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,47424,40850],{"class":50},[44,47426,55],{"class":54},[44,47428,44939],{"class":1461},[44,47430,98],{"class":80},[44,47432,47433],{"class":84},"passed",[44,47435,104],{"class":80},[44,47437,47438],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,47439,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,47441,47442,47444,47446,47448],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,47443,95],{"class":94},[44,47445,98],{"class":80},[44,47447,40879],{"class":84},[44,47449,104],{"class":80},[20,47451,107],{},[35,47453,47454],{"className":37,"code":46579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,47455,47456],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47457,47458],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47459,46579],{"class":1675},[20,47461,47462,47463,81],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[243,47464,47465,1954],{"href":5445},[15,47466,3474],{},[30,47468,47470],{"id":47469},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47472,47473,47474,47477],{},"Use the ",[15,47475,47476],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[267,47479,47481],{"id":47480},"binary-example","Binary example",[35,47483,47485],{"className":37,"code":47484,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47486,47487],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47488,47489,47491,47493,47495,47497,47499,47501,47503,47505,47507],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47490,95],{"class":94},[44,47492,98],{"class":80},[44,47494,1840],{"class":1461},[44,47496,98],{"class":80},[44,47498,362],{"class":58},[44,47500,46254],{"class":62},[44,47502,362],{"class":58},[44,47504,2646],{"class":80},[44,47506,2649],{"class":1675},[44,47508,370],{"class":80},[20,47510,107],{},[35,47512,47513],{"className":37,"code":2602,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,47514,47515],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47516,47517],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47518,2602],{"class":1675},[20,47520,47521,47524],{},[15,47522,47523],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[139,47526,47527,47532,47537],{},[142,47528,47529],{},[15,47530,47531],{},"1 × 4",[142,47533,47534],{},[15,47535,47536],{},"0 × 2",[142,47538,47539],{},[15,47540,47541],{},"1 × 1",[20,47543,47544,47545,81],{},"So the result is ",[15,47546,1789],{},[267,47548,47550],{"id":47549},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[35,47552,47554],{"className":37,"code":47553,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47555,47556],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47557,47558,47560,47562,47564,47566,47568,47570,47572,47574,47576],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47559,95],{"class":94},[44,47561,98],{"class":80},[44,47563,1840],{"class":1461},[44,47565,98],{"class":80},[44,47567,362],{"class":58},[44,47569,46679],{"class":62},[44,47571,362],{"class":58},[44,47573,2646],{"class":80},[44,47575,13651],{"class":1675},[44,47577,370],{"class":80},[20,47579,107],{},[35,47581,47582],{"className":37,"code":46708,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,47583,47584],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47585,47586],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47587,46708],{"class":1675},[267,47589,47591],{"id":47590},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,47593,1628,47594,47596],{},[15,47595,47476],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,47598,47599],{},"Good:",[35,47601,47602],{"className":37,"code":47484,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,47603,47604],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47605,47606,47608,47610,47612,47614,47616,47618,47620,47622,47624],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47607,95],{"class":94},[44,47609,98],{"class":80},[44,47611,1840],{"class":1461},[44,47613,98],{"class":80},[44,47615,362],{"class":58},[44,47617,46254],{"class":62},[44,47619,362],{"class":58},[44,47621,2646],{"class":80},[44,47623,2649],{"class":1675},[44,47625,370],{"class":80},[20,47627,47628],{},"Not correct:",[35,47630,47632],{"className":37,"code":47631,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,47633,47634],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47635,47636],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47637,47631],{"class":3324},[20,47639,47640,47641,8262,47643,47645],{},"That causes a ",[15,47642,2662],{},[15,47644,47476],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[30,47647,47649],{"id":47648},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,47651,47652,47653,47655,47656,4057,47658,81],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,47654,2531],{}," are ",[15,47657,40371],{},[15,47659,2662],{},[267,47661,47662],{"id":41181},[15,47663,40371],{},[20,47665,47666],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,47668,161],{},[35,47670,47672],{"className":37,"code":47671,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47673,47674,47680,47698,47710],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47675,47676,47678],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47677,29471],{"class":524},[44,47679,548],{"class":80},[44,47681,47682,47684,47686,47688,47690,47692,47694,47696],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,47683,553],{"class":94},[44,47685,98],{"class":80},[44,47687,1840],{"class":1461},[44,47689,98],{"class":80},[44,47691,362],{"class":58},[44,47693,39810],{"class":62},[44,47695,362],{"class":58},[44,47697,370],{"class":80},[44,47699,47700,47702,47704,47706,47708],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,47701,29502],{"class":524},[44,47703,41590],{"class":1461},[44,47705,47020],{"class":524},[44,47707,47023],{"class":50},[44,47709,548],{"class":80},[44,47711,47712,47714,47716,47718],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,47713,553],{"class":94},[44,47715,98],{"class":80},[44,47717,47052],{"class":84},[44,47719,104],{"class":80},[20,47721,107],{},[35,47723,47725],{"className":37,"code":47724,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,47726,47727],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47728,47729,47732,47734,47736,47738,47740,47742,47744,47746,47748,47750],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47730,47731],{"class":50},"invalid literal ",[44,47733,5623],{"class":524},[44,47735,44939],{"class":1461},[44,47737,535],{"class":80},[44,47739,47088],{"class":524},[44,47741,47091],{"class":50},[44,47743,1982],{"class":1675},[44,47745,2539],{"class":80},[44,47747,2955],{"class":58},[44,47749,39810],{"class":62},[44,47751,664],{"class":58},[20,47753,47754,47755,47758,47759,47761],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,47756,47757],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,47760,2531],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[35,47763,47765],{"className":37,"code":47764,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,47766,47767],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47768,47769,47771,47773,47775,47777,47779,47781,47783,47785,47787],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47770,95],{"class":94},[44,47772,98],{"class":80},[44,47774,1840],{"class":1461},[44,47776,98],{"class":80},[44,47778,1843],{"class":1461},[44,47780,98],{"class":80},[44,47782,362],{"class":58},[44,47784,39810],{"class":62},[44,47786,362],{"class":58},[44,47788,2567],{"class":80},[20,47790,107],{},[35,47792,47793],{"className":37,"code":46279,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,47794,47795],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47796,47797],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47798,46279],{"class":1675},[20,47800,47801,47802,4057,47805,81],{},"If you see this often, read ",[243,47803,47804],{"href":2616},"how to convert string to int in Python",[243,47806,25347,47807],{"href":45579},[15,47808,45580],{},[267,47810,47811],{"id":41245},[15,47812,2662],{},[20,47814,47815],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,47817,161],{},[35,47819,47821],{"className":37,"code":47820,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47822,47823,47829,47843,47856],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47824,47825,47827],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47826,29471],{"class":524},[44,47828,548],{"class":80},[44,47830,47831,47833,47835,47837,47839,47841],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,47832,553],{"class":94},[44,47834,98],{"class":80},[44,47836,1840],{"class":1461},[44,47838,98],{"class":80},[44,47840,3439],{"class":3513},[44,47842,370],{"class":80},[44,47844,47845,47847,47850,47852,47854],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,47846,29502],{"class":524},[44,47848,47849],{"class":1461}," TypeError",[44,47851,47020],{"class":524},[44,47853,47023],{"class":50},[44,47855,548],{"class":80},[44,47857,47858,47860,47862,47864],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,47859,553],{"class":94},[44,47861,98],{"class":80},[44,47863,47052],{"class":84},[44,47865,104],{"class":80},[20,47867,107],{},[35,47869,47871],{"className":37,"code":47870,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,47872,47873],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47874,47875,47877,47879,47882,47884,47886,47889,47891,47894,47896,47899,47901,47903,47905,47907,47910],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47876,1840],{"class":1461},[44,47878,535],{"class":80},[44,47880,47881],{"class":50}," argument must be a string",[44,47883,2646],{"class":80},[44,47885,44207],{"class":50},[44,47887,47888],{"class":1461},"bytes",[44,47890,1672],{"class":54},[44,47892,47893],{"class":50},"like ",[44,47895,42063],{"class":1461},[44,47897,47898],{"class":54}," or",[44,47900,40507],{"class":50},[44,47902,2646],{"class":80},[44,47904,7760],{"class":54},[44,47906,2955],{"class":58},[44,47908,47909],{"class":62},"NoneType",[44,47911,664],{"class":58},[20,47913,47914,47915,47917],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,47916,47476],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[35,47919,47921],{"className":37,"code":47920,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47922,47923,47929,47947,47959],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47924,47925,47927],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47926,29471],{"class":524},[44,47928,548],{"class":80},[44,47930,47931,47933,47935,47937,47939,47941,47943,47945],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,47932,553],{"class":94},[44,47934,98],{"class":80},[44,47936,1840],{"class":1461},[44,47938,98],{"class":80},[44,47940,46254],{"class":1675},[44,47942,2646],{"class":80},[44,47944,2649],{"class":1675},[44,47946,370],{"class":80},[44,47948,47949,47951,47953,47955,47957],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,47950,29502],{"class":524},[44,47952,47849],{"class":1461},[44,47954,47020],{"class":524},[44,47956,47023],{"class":50},[44,47958,548],{"class":80},[44,47960,47961,47963,47965,47967],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,47962,553],{"class":94},[44,47964,98],{"class":80},[44,47966,47052],{"class":84},[44,47968,104],{"class":80},[20,47970,107],{},[35,47972,47974],{"className":37,"code":47973,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,47975,47976],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47977,47978,47980,47982,47985,47987],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47979,1840],{"class":1461},[44,47981,535],{"class":80},[44,47983,47984],{"class":50}," can",[44,47986,655],{"class":58},[44,47988,47989],{"class":62},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[30,47991,1133,47993],{"id":47992},"when-to-use-int",[15,47994,2531],{},[20,47996,119,47997,47999],{},[15,47998,2531],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48001,48002],{},"Common uses:",[139,48004,48005,48011,48014,48017],{},[142,48006,48007,48008,48010],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48009,419],{}," into integers",[142,48012,48013],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[142,48015,48016],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[142,48018,48019,48020,36280],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48021,47476],{},[20,48023,432],{},[35,48025,48027],{"className":37,"code":48026,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48028,48029,48043,48058,48062],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48030,48031,48034,48036,48038,48041],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48032,48033],{"class":50},"age_text ",[44,48035,55],{"class":54},[44,48037,59],{"class":58},[44,48039,48040],{"class":62},"18",[44,48042,66],{"class":58},[44,48044,48045,48047,48049,48051,48053,48056],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,48046,21295],{"class":50},[44,48048,55],{"class":54},[44,48050,44939],{"class":1461},[44,48052,98],{"class":80},[44,48054,48055],{"class":84},"age_text",[44,48057,104],{"class":80},[44,48059,48060],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,48061,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,48063,48064,48066,48068,48070,48072,48074],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,48065,95],{"class":94},[44,48067,98],{"class":80},[44,48069,21295],{"class":84},[44,48071,1711],{"class":54},[44,48073,5162],{"class":1675},[44,48075,104],{"class":80},[20,48077,107],{},[35,48079,48081],{"className":37,"code":48080,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"19\n",[15,48082,48083],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48084,48085],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48086,48080],{"class":1675},[30,48088,1238],{"id":1237},[20,48090,14396,48091,81],{},[15,48092,2531],{},[267,48094,48096],{"id":48095},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48098,48099],{},"This fails:",[35,48101,48103],{"className":37,"code":48102,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48104,48105],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48106,48107],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48108,48102],{"class":3324},[20,48110,48111,48112,48115],{},"Why: ",[15,48113,48114],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48117,18507],{},[35,48119,48121],{"className":37,"code":48120,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48122,48123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48124,48125,48127,48129,48131,48133,48135,48137,48139,48141,48143],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48126,95],{"class":94},[44,48128,98],{"class":80},[44,48130,1840],{"class":1461},[44,48132,98],{"class":80},[44,48134,1843],{"class":1461},[44,48136,98],{"class":80},[44,48138,362],{"class":58},[44,48140,40791],{"class":62},[44,48142,362],{"class":58},[44,48144,2567],{"class":80},[267,48146,48148],{"id":48147},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48150,48099],{},[35,48152,48154],{"className":37,"code":48153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48155,48156],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48157,48158],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48159,48153],{"class":3324},[20,48161,48162],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[267,48164,48166,48167],{"id":48165},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48168,48169],{},"int(None)",[20,48171,48172,48173,48175],{},"This fails because ",[15,48174,3439],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[35,48177,48179],{"className":37,"code":48178,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48180,48181,48190,48194,48200,48214,48226],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48182,48183,48185,48187],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48184,2099],{"class":50},[44,48186,55],{"class":54},[44,48188,48189],{"class":3513}," None\n",[44,48191,48192],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,48193,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,48195,48196,48198],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,48197,29471],{"class":524},[44,48199,548],{"class":80},[44,48201,48202,48204,48206,48208,48210,48212],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,48203,553],{"class":94},[44,48205,98],{"class":80},[44,48207,1840],{"class":1461},[44,48209,98],{"class":80},[44,48211,2126],{"class":84},[44,48213,370],{"class":80},[44,48215,48216,48218,48220,48222,48224],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,48217,29502],{"class":524},[44,48219,47849],{"class":1461},[44,48221,47020],{"class":524},[44,48223,47023],{"class":50},[44,48225,548],{"class":80},[44,48227,48228,48230,48232,48234],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,48229,553],{"class":94},[44,48231,98],{"class":80},[44,48233,47052],{"class":84},[44,48235,104],{"class":80},[267,48237,48239],{"id":48238},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48241,48099],{},[35,48243,48244],{"className":37,"code":47631,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48245,48246],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48247,48248],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48249,47631],{"class":3324},[20,48251,48252],{},"Use a string instead:",[35,48254,48255],{"className":37,"code":47484,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48256,48257],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48258,48259,48261,48263,48265,48267,48269,48271,48273,48275,48277],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48260,95],{"class":94},[44,48262,98],{"class":80},[44,48264,1840],{"class":1461},[44,48266,98],{"class":80},[44,48268,362],{"class":58},[44,48270,46254],{"class":62},[44,48272,362],{"class":58},[44,48274,2646],{"class":80},[44,48276,2649],{"class":1675},[44,48278,370],{"class":80},[267,48280,1246,48282,48284],{"id":48281},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48283,2531],{}," to round",[20,48286,48287],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[35,48289,48291],{"className":37,"code":48290,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48292,48293],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48294,48295,48297,48299,48301,48303,48306],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48296,95],{"class":94},[44,48298,98],{"class":80},[44,48300,1840],{"class":1461},[44,48302,98],{"class":80},[44,48304,48305],{"class":1675},"4.9",[44,48307,370],{"class":80},[20,48309,107],{},[35,48311,48313],{"className":37,"code":48312,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4\n",[15,48314,48315],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48316,48317],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48318,48312],{"class":1675},[20,48320,2827,48321,48323,48324,48326],{},[15,48322,1789],{},", remember that ",[15,48325,2531],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[30,48328,1478],{"id":1477},[267,48330,1482,48332,48334],{"id":48331},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48333,2531],{}," round numbers?",[20,48336,1488,48337,48339],{},[15,48338,2531],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[267,48341,4820,48343,48346],{"id":48342},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48344,48345],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48348,28729,48349,48351,48352,48354,48355,39596],{},[15,48350,47757],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48353,2538],{}," first, then use ",[15,48356,2531],{},[267,48358,1504,48360,12378],{"id":48359},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48361,48362],{},"int(True)",[20,48364,4810,48365,27981,48367,41819,48369,81],{},[15,48366,2643],{},[15,48368,3335],{},[15,48370,1772],{},[267,48372,48374],{"id":48373},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48376,48377],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[30,48379,1545],{"id":1544},[139,48381,48382,48388,48394,48400,48405,48409,48415],{},[142,48383,48384],{},[243,48385,48386,3167],{"href":2535},[15,48387,2538],{},[142,48389,48390],{},[243,48391,48392,3167],{"href":41839},[15,48393,47346],{},[142,48395,48396],{},[243,48397,48398,3167],{"href":5445},[15,48399,3474],{},[142,48401,48402],{},[243,48403,48404],{"href":2616},"How to convert string to int in Python",[142,48406,48407],{},[243,48408,8717],{"href":8639},[142,48410,48411],{},[243,48412,48413,3167],{"href":7880},[15,48414,419],{},[142,48416,48417],{},[243,48418,30015,48419],{"href":45579},[15,48420,45580],{},[1577,48422,48423],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":48425},[48426,48427,48429,48433,48438,48440,48442,48447,48451,48453,48462,48471],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":46291,"depth":69,"text":48428},"What int() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250,"children":48430},[48431,48432],{"id":46482,"depth":91,"text":46485},{"id":46582,"depth":91,"text":46585},{"id":46718,"depth":69,"text":48434,"children":48435},"Using int() with strings",[48436,48437],{"id":46840,"depth":91,"text":46841},{"id":46928,"depth":91,"text":46929},{"id":47203,"depth":69,"text":48439},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47349,"depth":69,"text":48441},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47469,"depth":69,"text":47470,"children":48443},[48444,48445,48446],{"id":47480,"depth":91,"text":47481},{"id":47549,"depth":91,"text":47550},{"id":47590,"depth":91,"text":47591},{"id":47648,"depth":69,"text":47649,"children":48448},[48449,48450],{"id":41181,"depth":91,"text":40371},{"id":41245,"depth":91,"text":2662},{"id":47992,"depth":69,"text":48452},"When to use int()",{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238,"children":48454},[48455,48456,48457,48459,48460],{"id":48095,"depth":91,"text":48096},{"id":48147,"depth":91,"text":48148},{"id":48165,"depth":91,"text":48458},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48238,"depth":91,"text":48239},{"id":48281,"depth":91,"text":48461},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":48463},[48464,48466,48468,48470],{"id":48331,"depth":91,"text":48465},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48342,"depth":91,"text":48467},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48359,"depth":91,"text":48469},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48373,"depth":91,"text":48374},{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":41760,"description":48472},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48479,"title":48480,"body":48481,"description":50317,"extension":1611,"meta":50318,"navigation":184,"path":44465,"seo":50319,"stem":50320,"__hash__":50321},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48482,"toc":50273},[48483,48488,48493,48501,48510,48512,48571,48577,48582,48587,48590,48618,48621,48624,48635,48645,48647,48649,48669,48673,48701,48703,48742,48744,48752,48754,48757,48761,48814,48816,48828,48832,48889,48891,48903,48909,48915,48919,48922,48925,48991,48993,49005,49011,49013,49065,49068,49109,49112,49119,49128,49134,49137,49170,49176,49179,49210,49216,49219,49231,49235,49240,49244,49402,49404,49419,49422,49426,49530,49532,49549,49553,49614,49616,49624,49627,49631,49698,49700,49709,49715,49717,49726,49728,49763,49768,49770,49800,49804,49806,49843,49846,49848,49885,49891,49893,49943,49945,49953,49963,49969,49973,49978,50027,50029,50042,50045,50047,50050,50125,50128,50147,50150,50180,50190,50192,50197,50204,50210,50216,50223,50231,50237,50240,50242,50270],[10,48484,3234,48486,3238],{"id":48485},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48487,44468],{},[20,48489,48490,48492],{},[15,48491,44468],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48494,48495,48496,2532,48498,48500],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48497,3263],{},[15,48499,3335],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48502,48503,48504,48506,48507,48509],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48505,44468],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48508,1953],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[30,48511,33],{"id":32},[35,48513,48515],{"className":37,"code":48514,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48516,48517,48525,48529,48550],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48518,48519,48521,48523],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48520,2099],{"class":50},[44,48522,55],{"class":54},[44,48524,2241],{"class":1675},[44,48526,48527],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,48528,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,48530,48531,48533,48535,48538,48540,48542,48544,48546,48548],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,48532,95],{"class":94},[44,48534,98],{"class":80},[44,48536,48537],{"class":94},"isinstance",[44,48539,98],{"class":80},[44,48541,2126],{"class":84},[44,48543,2646],{"class":80},[44,48545,44939],{"class":1461},[44,48547,5025],{"class":80},[44,48549,43517],{"class":3324},[44,48551,48552,48554,48556,48558,48560,48562,48564,48567,48569],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,48553,95],{"class":94},[44,48555,98],{"class":80},[44,48557,48537],{"class":94},[44,48559,98],{"class":80},[44,48561,2126],{"class":84},[44,48563,2646],{"class":80},[44,48565,48566],{"class":1461}," str",[44,48568,5025],{"class":80},[44,48570,43534],{"class":3324},[20,48572,119,48573,48576],{},[15,48574,48575],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[30,48578,126,48580,129],{"id":48579},"what-isinstance-does",[15,48581,44468],{},[20,48583,48584,48586],{},[15,48585,44468],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,48588,48589],{},"It:",[139,48591,48592,48595,48601,48604],{},[142,48593,48594],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[142,48596,11084,48597,2532,48599],{},[15,48598,3263],{},[15,48600,3335],{},[142,48602,48603],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[142,48605,48606,48607,839,48609,839,48611,839,48613,16737,48616],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,48608,1462],{},[15,48610,1840],{},[15,48612,7754],{},[15,48614,48615],{},"tuple",[15,48617,8480],{},[20,48619,48620],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,48622,48623],{},"For example, you might want to:",[139,48625,48626,48629,48632],{},[142,48627,48628],{},"loop through a list",[142,48630,48631],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[142,48633,48634],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,48636,48637,48638,2532,48641,81],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[243,48639,44460],{"href":48640},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[243,48642,48644],{"href":48643},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[30,48646,250],{"id":249},[20,48648,1812],{},[35,48650,48652],{"className":37,"code":48651,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,48653,48654],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48655,48656,48658,48660,48662,48664,48667],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48657,48537],{"class":94},[44,48659,98],{"class":80},[44,48661,42063],{"class":1461},[44,48663,2646],{"class":80},[44,48665,48666],{"class":84}," classinfo",[44,48668,104],{"class":80},[267,48670,48672],{"id":48671},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[139,48674,48675,48680,48694],{},[142,48676,48677,48679],{},[15,48678,42063],{}," is the value you want to test",[142,48681,48682,48685,48686,839,48688,839,48690,843,48692],{},[15,48683,48684],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,48687,1840],{},[15,48689,1462],{},[15,48691,7754],{},[15,48693,8480],{},[142,48695,48696,48697,2532,48699],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,48698,3263],{},[15,48700,3335],{},[20,48702,161],{},[35,48704,48706],{"className":37,"code":48705,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,48707,48708,48720,48724],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48709,48710,48712,48714,48716,48718],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48711,284],{"class":50},[44,48713,55],{"class":54},[44,48715,59],{"class":58},[44,48717,11170],{"class":62},[44,48719,66],{"class":58},[44,48721,48722],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,48723,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,48725,48726,48728,48730,48732,48734,48736,48738,48740],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,48727,95],{"class":94},[44,48729,98],{"class":80},[44,48731,48537],{"class":94},[44,48733,98],{"class":80},[44,48735,302],{"class":84},[44,48737,2646],{"class":80},[44,48739,48566],{"class":1461},[44,48741,370],{"class":80},[20,48743,107],{},[35,48745,48746],{"className":37,"code":3641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48747,48748],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48749,48750],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48751,3641],{"class":3513},[30,48753,11136],{"id":11135},[20,48755,48756],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[267,48758,48760],{"id":48759},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[35,48762,48764],{"className":37,"code":48763,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,48765,48766,48774,48778,48796],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48767,48768,48770,48772],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48769,2099],{"class":50},[44,48771,55],{"class":54},[44,48773,44888],{"class":1675},[44,48775,48776],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,48777,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,48779,48780,48782,48784,48786,48788,48790,48792,48794],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,48781,95],{"class":94},[44,48783,98],{"class":80},[44,48785,48537],{"class":94},[44,48787,98],{"class":80},[44,48789,2126],{"class":84},[44,48791,2646],{"class":80},[44,48793,44939],{"class":1461},[44,48795,370],{"class":80},[44,48797,48798,48800,48802,48804,48806,48808,48810,48812],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,48799,95],{"class":94},[44,48801,98],{"class":80},[44,48803,48537],{"class":94},[44,48805,98],{"class":80},[44,48807,2126],{"class":84},[44,48809,2646],{"class":80},[44,48811,48566],{"class":1461},[44,48813,370],{"class":80},[20,48815,107],{},[35,48817,48818],{"className":37,"code":43836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48819,48820,48824],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48821,48822],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48823,3641],{"class":3513},[44,48825,48826],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,48827,3702],{"class":3513},[267,48829,48831],{"id":48830},"check-text","Check text",[35,48833,48835],{"className":37,"code":48834,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,48836,48837,48849,48853,48871],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48838,48839,48841,48843,48845,48847],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48840,51],{"class":50},[44,48842,55],{"class":54},[44,48844,59],{"class":58},[44,48846,986],{"class":62},[44,48848,66],{"class":58},[44,48850,48851],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,48852,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,48854,48855,48857,48859,48861,48863,48865,48867,48869],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,48856,95],{"class":94},[44,48858,98],{"class":80},[44,48860,48537],{"class":94},[44,48862,98],{"class":80},[44,48864,194],{"class":84},[44,48866,2646],{"class":80},[44,48868,48566],{"class":1461},[44,48870,370],{"class":80},[44,48872,48873,48875,48877,48879,48881,48883,48885,48887],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,48874,95],{"class":94},[44,48876,98],{"class":80},[44,48878,48537],{"class":94},[44,48880,98],{"class":80},[44,48882,194],{"class":84},[44,48884,2646],{"class":80},[44,48886,44939],{"class":1461},[44,48888,370],{"class":80},[20,48890,107],{},[35,48892,48893],{"className":37,"code":43836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48894,48895,48899],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48896,48897],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48898,3641],{"class":3513},[44,48900,48901],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,48902,3702],{"class":3513},[20,48904,48905,48906,48908],{},"In both examples, ",[15,48907,44468],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,48910,48911,48912,81],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[243,48913,48914],{"href":2616},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[30,48916,48918],{"id":48917},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,48920,48921],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,48923,48924],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[35,48926,48928],{"className":37,"code":48927,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,48929,48930,48939,48943,48967],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48931,48932,48934,48936],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48933,2099],{"class":50},[44,48935,55],{"class":54},[44,48937,48938],{"class":1675}," 3.5\n",[44,48940,48941],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,48942,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,48944,48945,48947,48949,48951,48953,48955,48957,48959,48961,48963,48965],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,48946,95],{"class":94},[44,48948,98],{"class":80},[44,48950,48537],{"class":94},[44,48952,98],{"class":80},[44,48954,2126],{"class":84},[44,48956,2646],{"class":80},[44,48958,8896],{"class":80},[44,48960,1840],{"class":1461},[44,48962,2646],{"class":80},[44,48964,39922],{"class":1461},[44,48966,2567],{"class":80},[44,48968,48969,48971,48973,48975,48977,48979,48981,48983,48985,48987,48989],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,48970,95],{"class":94},[44,48972,98],{"class":80},[44,48974,48537],{"class":94},[44,48976,98],{"class":80},[44,48978,2126],{"class":84},[44,48980,2646],{"class":80},[44,48982,8896],{"class":80},[44,48984,1462],{"class":1461},[44,48986,2646],{"class":80},[44,48988,22227],{"class":1461},[44,48990,2567],{"class":80},[20,48992,107],{},[35,48994,48995],{"className":37,"code":43836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48996,48997,49001],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48998,48999],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49000,3641],{"class":3513},[44,49002,49003],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,49004,3702],{"class":3513},[20,49006,49007,49008,49010],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49009,40504],{}," conditions.",[20,49012,7959],{},[35,49014,49016],{"className":37,"code":49015,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49017,49018,49026,49030],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49019,49020,49022,49024],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49021,2099],{"class":50},[44,49023,55],{"class":54},[44,49025,48938],{"class":1675},[44,49027,49028],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,49029,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,49031,49032,49034,49036,49038,49040,49042,49044,49046,49048,49050,49053,49055,49057,49059,49061,49063],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,49033,95],{"class":94},[44,49035,98],{"class":80},[44,49037,2880],{"class":1461},[44,49039,98],{"class":80},[44,49041,2126],{"class":84},[44,49043,3321],{"class":80},[44,49045,538],{"class":54},[44,49047,44939],{"class":1461},[44,49049,47898],{"class":524},[44,49051,49052],{"class":1461}," type",[44,49054,98],{"class":80},[44,49056,2126],{"class":84},[44,49058,3321],{"class":80},[44,49060,538],{"class":54},[44,49062,39922],{"class":1461},[44,49064,104],{"class":80},[20,49066,49067],{},"you can write this:",[35,49069,49071],{"className":37,"code":49070,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49072,49073,49081,49085],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49074,49075,49077,49079],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49076,2099],{"class":50},[44,49078,55],{"class":54},[44,49080,48938],{"class":1675},[44,49082,49083],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,49084,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,49086,49087,49089,49091,49093,49095,49097,49099,49101,49103,49105,49107],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,49088,95],{"class":94},[44,49090,98],{"class":80},[44,49092,48537],{"class":94},[44,49094,98],{"class":80},[44,49096,2126],{"class":84},[44,49098,2646],{"class":80},[44,49100,8896],{"class":80},[44,49102,1840],{"class":1461},[44,49104,2646],{"class":80},[44,49106,39922],{"class":1461},[44,49108,2567],{"class":80},[20,49110,49111],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[30,49113,49115,866,49117],{"id":49114},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49116,44468],{},[15,49118,1953],{},[20,49120,10250,49121,4057,49123,49127],{},[15,49122,44468],{},[243,49124,49125],{"href":1950},[15,49126,1953],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[267,49129,49131],{"id":49130},"typevalue-int",[15,49132,49133],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49135,49136],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[35,49138,49140],{"className":37,"code":49139,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49141,49142,49150],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49143,49144,49146,49148],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49145,2099],{"class":50},[44,49147,55],{"class":54},[44,49149,2241],{"class":1675},[44,49151,49152,49154,49156,49158,49160,49162,49164,49166,49168],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,49153,95],{"class":94},[44,49155,98],{"class":80},[44,49157,2880],{"class":1461},[44,49159,98],{"class":80},[44,49161,2126],{"class":84},[44,49163,3321],{"class":80},[44,49165,538],{"class":54},[44,49167,44939],{"class":1461},[44,49169,104],{"class":80},[267,49171,49173],{"id":49172},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49174,49175],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49177,49178],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[35,49180,49182],{"className":37,"code":49181,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49183,49184,49192],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49185,49186,49188,49190],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49187,2099],{"class":50},[44,49189,55],{"class":54},[44,49191,2241],{"class":1675},[44,49193,49194,49196,49198,49200,49202,49204,49206,49208],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,49195,95],{"class":94},[44,49197,98],{"class":80},[44,49199,48537],{"class":94},[44,49201,98],{"class":80},[44,49203,2126],{"class":84},[44,49205,2646],{"class":80},[44,49207,44939],{"class":1461},[44,49209,370],{"class":80},[20,49211,49212,49213,49215],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49214,44468],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49217,49218],{},"In everyday code:",[139,49220,49221,49226],{},[142,49222,39657,49223,49225],{},[15,49224,1953],{}," when you need the exact type",[142,49227,39657,49228,49230],{},[15,49229,44468],{}," when you want a practical type check",[30,49232,49234],{"id":49233},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49236,49237,49238,81],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49239,44468],{},[267,49241,49243],{"id":49242},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[35,49245,49247],{"className":37,"code":49246,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49248,49249,49267,49286,49298,49303,49321,49332,49336,49348,49352,49376],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49250,49251,49253,49256,49258,49260,49262,49265],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49252,34514],{"class":1717},[44,49254,49255],{"class":34517}," repeat_text",[44,49257,98],{"class":80},[44,49259,194],{"class":37328},[44,49261,2646],{"class":80},[44,49263,49264],{"class":37328}," count",[44,49266,8003],{"class":80},[44,49268,49269,49271,49273,49276,49278,49280,49282,49284],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,49270,6062],{"class":524},[44,49272,7760],{"class":54},[44,49274,49275],{"class":94}," isinstance",[44,49277,98],{"class":80},[44,49279,194],{"class":84},[44,49281,2646],{"class":80},[44,49283,48566],{"class":1461},[44,49285,8003],{"class":80},[44,49287,49288,49291,49293,49296],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,49289,49290],{"class":524},"        return",[44,49292,59],{"class":58},[44,49294,49295],{"class":62},"text must be a string",[44,49297,66],{"class":58},[44,49299,49300],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,49301,49302],{"class":50},"    \n",[44,49304,49305,49307,49309,49311,49313,49315,49317,49319],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,49306,6062],{"class":524},[44,49308,7760],{"class":54},[44,49310,49275],{"class":94},[44,49312,98],{"class":80},[44,49314,40927],{"class":84},[44,49316,2646],{"class":80},[44,49318,44939],{"class":1461},[44,49320,8003],{"class":80},[44,49322,49323,49325,49327,49330],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,49324,49290],{"class":524},[44,49326,59],{"class":58},[44,49328,49329],{"class":62},"count must be an integer",[44,49331,66],{"class":58},[44,49333,49334],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,49335,49302],{"class":50},[44,49337,49338,49340,49343,49345],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,49339,34525],{"class":524},[44,49341,49342],{"class":50}," text ",[44,49344,39539],{"class":54},[44,49346,49347],{"class":50}," count\n",[44,49349,49350],{"class":46,"line":6095},[44,49351,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,49353,49354,49356,49358,49361,49363,49365,49368,49370,49372,49374],{"class":46,"line":6100},[44,49355,95],{"class":94},[44,49357,98],{"class":80},[44,49359,49360],{"class":84},"repeat_text",[44,49362,98],{"class":80},[44,49364,362],{"class":58},[44,49366,49367],{"class":62},"Hi ",[44,49369,362],{"class":58},[44,49371,2646],{"class":80},[44,49373,2104],{"class":1675},[44,49375,370],{"class":80},[44,49377,49378,49380,49382,49384,49386,49388,49390,49392,49394,49396,49398,49400],{"class":46,"line":11256},[44,49379,95],{"class":94},[44,49381,98],{"class":80},[44,49383,49360],{"class":84},[44,49385,98],{"class":80},[44,49387,362],{"class":58},[44,49389,49367],{"class":62},[44,49391,362],{"class":58},[44,49393,2646],{"class":80},[44,49395,59],{"class":58},[44,49397,1714],{"class":62},[44,49399,362],{"class":58},[44,49401,370],{"class":80},[20,49403,107],{},[35,49405,49407],{"className":37,"code":49406,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49408,49409,49414],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49410,49411],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49412,49413],{"class":50},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[44,49415,49416],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,49417,49418],{"class":50},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49420,49421],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[267,49423,49425],{"id":49424},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[35,49427,49429],{"className":37,"code":49428,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49430,49431,49463,49467,49483,49498,49515],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49432,49433,49435,49437,49439,49441,49443,49445,49447,49449,49451,49453,49455,49457,49459,49461],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49434,2099],{"class":50},[44,49436,55],{"class":54},[44,49438,3281],{"class":80},[44,49440,362],{"class":58},[44,49442,243],{"class":62},[44,49444,362],{"class":58},[44,49446,2646],{"class":80},[44,49448,59],{"class":58},[44,49450,842],{"class":62},[44,49452,362],{"class":58},[44,49454,2646],{"class":80},[44,49456,59],{"class":58},[44,49458,846],{"class":62},[44,49460,362],{"class":58},[44,49462,3294],{"class":80},[44,49464,49465],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,49466,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,49468,49469,49471,49473,49475,49477,49479,49481],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,49470,525],{"class":524},[44,49472,49275],{"class":94},[44,49474,98],{"class":80},[44,49476,2126],{"class":84},[44,49478,2646],{"class":80},[44,49480,48566],{"class":1461},[44,49482,8003],{"class":80},[44,49484,49485,49487,49489,49491,49494,49496],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,49486,553],{"class":94},[44,49488,98],{"class":80},[44,49490,362],{"class":58},[44,49492,49493],{"class":62},"This is text",[44,49495,362],{"class":58},[44,49497,104],{"class":80},[44,49499,49500,49503,49505,49507,49509,49511,49513],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,49501,49502],{"class":524},"elif",[44,49504,49275],{"class":94},[44,49506,98],{"class":80},[44,49508,2126],{"class":84},[44,49510,2646],{"class":80},[44,49512,22227],{"class":1461},[44,49514,8003],{"class":80},[44,49516,49517,49519,49521,49523,49526,49528],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,49518,553],{"class":94},[44,49520,98],{"class":80},[44,49522,362],{"class":58},[44,49524,49525],{"class":62},"This is a list",[44,49527,362],{"class":58},[44,49529,104],{"class":80},[20,49531,107],{},[35,49533,49535],{"className":37,"code":49534,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This is a list\n",[15,49536,49537],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49538,49539,49542,49544,49546],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49540,49541],{"class":50},"This ",[44,49543,11856],{"class":54},[44,49545,44207],{"class":50},[44,49547,49548],{"class":1461},"list\n",[267,49550,49552],{"id":49551},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[35,49554,49556],{"className":37,"code":49555,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49557,49558,49570,49574,49590,49604],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49559,49560,49562,49564,49566,49568],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49561,2099],{"class":50},[44,49563,55],{"class":54},[44,49565,59],{"class":58},[44,49567,46188],{"class":62},[44,49569,66],{"class":58},[44,49571,49572],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,49573,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,49575,49576,49578,49580,49582,49584,49586,49588],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,49577,525],{"class":524},[44,49579,49275],{"class":94},[44,49581,98],{"class":80},[44,49583,2126],{"class":84},[44,49585,2646],{"class":80},[44,49587,48566],{"class":1461},[44,49589,8003],{"class":80},[44,49591,49592,49594,49596,49598,49600,49602],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,49593,41554],{"class":50},[44,49595,55],{"class":54},[44,49597,44939],{"class":1461},[44,49599,98],{"class":80},[44,49601,2126],{"class":84},[44,49603,104],{"class":80},[44,49605,49606,49608,49610,49612],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,49607,553],{"class":94},[44,49609,98],{"class":80},[44,49611,1890],{"class":84},[44,49613,104],{"class":80},[20,49615,107],{},[35,49617,49618],{"className":37,"code":46274,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,49619,49620],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49621,49622],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49623,46274],{"class":1675},[20,49625,49626],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[267,49628,49630],{"id":49629},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[35,49632,49634],{"className":37,"code":49633,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,49635,49636,49660,49664,49680],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49637,49638,49640,49642,49644,49646,49648,49650,49652,49654,49656,49658],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49639,2099],{"class":50},[44,49641,55],{"class":54},[44,49643,10151],{"class":80},[44,49645,362],{"class":58},[44,49647,302],{"class":62},[44,49649,362],{"class":58},[44,49651,2539],{"class":80},[44,49653,59],{"class":58},[44,49655,12543],{"class":62},[44,49657,362],{"class":58},[44,49659,8969],{"class":80},[44,49661,49662],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,49663,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,49665,49666,49668,49670,49672,49674,49676,49678],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,49667,525],{"class":524},[44,49669,49275],{"class":94},[44,49671,98],{"class":80},[44,49673,2126],{"class":84},[44,49675,2646],{"class":80},[44,49677,8830],{"class":1461},[44,49679,8003],{"class":80},[44,49681,49682,49684,49686,49688,49690,49692,49694,49696],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,49683,553],{"class":94},[44,49685,98],{"class":80},[44,49687,2126],{"class":84},[44,49689,3561],{"class":80},[44,49691,362],{"class":58},[44,49693,302],{"class":62},[44,49695,362],{"class":58},[44,49697,3549],{"class":80},[20,49699,107],{},[35,49701,49703],{"className":37,"code":49702,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana\n",[15,49704,49705],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49706,49707],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49708,49702],{"class":50},[20,49710,49711,49712,49714],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,49713,2662],{}," messages later.",[30,49716,4183],{"id":4182},[267,49718,49720,49721,10752,49724],{"id":49719},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,49722,49723],{},"\"int\"",[15,49725,1840],{},[20,49727,16308],{},[35,49729,49731],{"className":37,"code":49730,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,49732,49733,49741],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49734,49735,49737,49739],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49736,2099],{"class":50},[44,49738,55],{"class":54},[44,49740,2241],{"class":1675},[44,49742,49743,49745,49747,49749,49751,49753,49755,49757,49759,49761],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,49744,95],{"class":94},[44,49746,98],{"class":80},[44,49748,48537],{"class":94},[44,49750,98],{"class":80},[44,49752,2126],{"class":84},[44,49754,2646],{"class":80},[44,49756,59],{"class":58},[44,49758,1840],{"class":62},[44,49760,362],{"class":58},[44,49762,370],{"class":80},[20,49764,49765,49767],{},[15,49766,49723],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,49769,16320],{},[35,49771,49772],{"className":37,"code":49181,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,49773,49774,49782],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49775,49776,49778,49780],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49777,2099],{"class":50},[44,49779,55],{"class":54},[44,49781,2241],{"class":1675},[44,49783,49784,49786,49788,49790,49792,49794,49796,49798],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,49785,95],{"class":94},[44,49787,98],{"class":80},[44,49789,48537],{"class":94},[44,49791,98],{"class":80},[44,49793,2126],{"class":84},[44,49795,2646],{"class":80},[44,49797,44939],{"class":1461},[44,49799,370],{"class":80},[267,49801,49803],{"id":49802},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,49805,16308],{},[35,49807,49809],{"className":37,"code":49808,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,49810,49811,49819],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49812,49813,49815,49817],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49814,2099],{"class":50},[44,49816,55],{"class":54},[44,49818,34505],{"class":1675},[44,49820,49821,49823,49825,49827,49829,49831,49833,49835,49837,49839,49841],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,49822,95],{"class":94},[44,49824,98],{"class":80},[44,49826,48537],{"class":94},[44,49828,98],{"class":80},[44,49830,2126],{"class":84},[44,49832,2646],{"class":80},[44,49834,3281],{"class":80},[44,49836,1840],{"class":1461},[44,49838,2646],{"class":80},[44,49840,39922],{"class":1461},[44,49842,2656],{"class":80},[20,49844,49845],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,49847,16320],{},[35,49849,49851],{"className":37,"code":49850,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49852,49853,49861],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49854,49855,49857,49859],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49856,2099],{"class":50},[44,49858,55],{"class":54},[44,49860,34505],{"class":1675},[44,49862,49863,49865,49867,49869,49871,49873,49875,49877,49879,49881,49883],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,49864,95],{"class":94},[44,49866,98],{"class":80},[44,49868,48537],{"class":94},[44,49870,98],{"class":80},[44,49872,2126],{"class":84},[44,49874,2646],{"class":80},[44,49876,8896],{"class":80},[44,49878,1840],{"class":1461},[44,49880,2646],{"class":80},[44,49882,39922],{"class":1461},[44,49884,2567],{"class":80},[267,49886,25442,49888,49890],{"id":49887},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,49889,44468],{}," converts a value",[20,49892,18580],{},[35,49894,49896],{"className":37,"code":49895,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,49897,49898,49911,49929,49933],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49899,49900,49902,49904,49906,49909],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49901,2099],{"class":50},[44,49903,55],{"class":54},[44,49905,59],{"class":58},[44,49907,49908],{"class":62},"123",[44,49910,66],{"class":58},[44,49912,49913,49915,49917,49919,49921,49923,49925,49927],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,49914,1880],{"class":50},[44,49916,55],{"class":54},[44,49918,49275],{"class":94},[44,49920,98],{"class":80},[44,49922,2126],{"class":84},[44,49924,2646],{"class":80},[44,49926,44939],{"class":1461},[44,49928,104],{"class":80},[44,49930,49931],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,49932,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,49934,49935,49937,49939,49941],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,49936,95],{"class":94},[44,49938,98],{"class":80},[44,49940,1915],{"class":84},[44,49942,104],{"class":80},[20,49944,107],{},[35,49946,49947],{"className":37,"code":3702,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,49948,49949],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49950,49951],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49952,3702],{"class":3513},[20,49954,49955,49956,49959,49960,49962],{},"This does not convert ",[15,49957,49958],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,49961,49908],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,49964,49965,49966,860],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,49967,49968],{},"int(value)",[267,49970,49972],{"id":49971},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,49974,49975,49977],{},[15,49976,44468],{}," does not modify anything.",[35,49979,49981],{"className":37,"code":49980,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,49982,49983,49995,49999,50017],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49984,49985,49987,49989,49991,49993],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49986,2099],{"class":50},[44,49988,55],{"class":54},[44,49990,59],{"class":58},[44,49992,13221],{"class":62},[44,49994,66],{"class":58},[44,49996,49997],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,49998,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,50000,50001,50003,50005,50007,50009,50011,50013,50015],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,50002,95],{"class":94},[44,50004,98],{"class":80},[44,50006,48537],{"class":94},[44,50008,98],{"class":80},[44,50010,2126],{"class":84},[44,50012,2646],{"class":80},[44,50014,48566],{"class":1461},[44,50016,370],{"class":80},[44,50018,50019,50021,50023,50025],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,50020,95],{"class":94},[44,50022,98],{"class":80},[44,50024,2126],{"class":84},[44,50026,104],{"class":80},[20,50028,107],{},[35,50030,50032],{"className":37,"code":50031,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\n100\n",[15,50033,50034,50038],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50035,50036],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50037,3641],{"class":3513},[44,50039,50040],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,50041,46925],{"class":1675},[20,50043,50044],{},"The value stays the same.",[30,50046,25610],{"id":25609},[20,50048,50049],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[35,50051,50053],{"className":37,"code":50052,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50054,50055,50069,50087,50111],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50056,50057,50059,50061,50063,50065,50067],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50058,95],{"class":94},[44,50060,98],{"class":80},[44,50062,2880],{"class":1461},[44,50064,98],{"class":80},[44,50066,2126],{"class":84},[44,50068,370],{"class":80},[44,50070,50071,50073,50075,50077,50079,50081,50083,50085],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,50072,95],{"class":94},[44,50074,98],{"class":80},[44,50076,48537],{"class":94},[44,50078,98],{"class":80},[44,50080,2126],{"class":84},[44,50082,2646],{"class":80},[44,50084,44939],{"class":1461},[44,50086,370],{"class":80},[44,50088,50089,50091,50093,50095,50097,50099,50101,50103,50105,50107,50109],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,50090,95],{"class":94},[44,50092,98],{"class":80},[44,50094,48537],{"class":94},[44,50096,98],{"class":80},[44,50098,2126],{"class":84},[44,50100,2646],{"class":80},[44,50102,8896],{"class":80},[44,50104,1840],{"class":1461},[44,50106,2646],{"class":80},[44,50108,39922],{"class":1461},[44,50110,2567],{"class":80},[44,50112,50113,50115,50117,50119,50121,50123],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,50114,95],{"class":94},[44,50116,98],{"class":80},[44,50118,617],{"class":94},[44,50120,98],{"class":80},[44,50122,2126],{"class":84},[44,50124,370],{"class":80},[20,50126,50127],{},"These can help when:",[139,50129,50130,50133,50138,50141],{},[142,50131,50132],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[142,50134,50135,50136],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50137,2662],{},[142,50139,50140],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[142,50142,50143,50144,50146],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50145,44468],{}," is invalid",[20,50148,50149],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[139,50151,50152,50166,50172,50177],{},[142,50153,50154,50155,2532,50158,50161,50162,2532,50164],{},"using ",[15,50156,50157],{},"'int'",[15,50159,50160],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50163,1840],{},[15,50165,1462],{},[142,50167,50168,50169,50171],{},"expecting ",[15,50170,44468],{}," to convert a value",[142,50173,50154,50174,50176],{},[15,50175,1953],{}," when inherited types should also match",[142,50178,50179],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50181,50182,50183,81],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[243,50184,50186,50187],{"href":50185},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50188,50189],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[30,50191,1478],{"id":1477},[267,50193,1504,50195,4807],{"id":50194},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50196,44468],{},[20,50198,4810,50199,50201,50202,81],{},[15,50200,3263],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50203,3335],{},[267,50205,4832,50207,50209],{"id":50206},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50208,44468],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50211,50212,50213,81],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50214,50215],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[267,50217,4842,50219,4057,50221,1520],{"id":50218},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50220,44468],{},[15,50222,1953],{},[20,50224,50225,50227,50228,50230],{},[15,50226,1953],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50229,44468],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[267,50232,1482,50234,50236],{"id":50233},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50235,44468],{}," convert a value?",[20,50238,50239],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[30,50241,1545],{"id":1544},[139,50243,50244,50250,50254,50259,50264],{},[142,50245,50246],{},[243,50247,3234,50248,3167],{"href":1950},[15,50249,1953],{},[142,50251,50252],{},[243,50253,44460],{"href":48640},[142,50255,50256],{},[243,50257,50258],{"href":2616},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[142,50260,50261],{},[243,50262,50263],{"href":48643},"What is a data type in Python?",[142,50265,50266],{},[243,50267,50186,50268],{"href":50185},[15,50269,50189],{},[1577,50271,50272],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":50274},[50275,50276,50278,50281,50285,50286,50291,50297,50305,50306,50316],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":48579,"depth":69,"text":50277},"What isinstance() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250,"children":50279},[50280],{"id":48671,"depth":91,"text":48672},{"id":11135,"depth":69,"text":11136,"children":50282},[50283,50284],{"id":48759,"depth":91,"text":48760},{"id":48830,"depth":91,"text":48831},{"id":48917,"depth":69,"text":48918},{"id":49114,"depth":69,"text":50287,"children":50288},"isinstance() vs type()",[50289,50290],{"id":49130,"depth":91,"text":49133},{"id":49172,"depth":91,"text":49175},{"id":49233,"depth":69,"text":49234,"children":50292},[50293,50294,50295,50296],{"id":49242,"depth":91,"text":49243},{"id":49424,"depth":91,"text":49425},{"id":49551,"depth":91,"text":49552},{"id":49629,"depth":91,"text":49630},{"id":4182,"depth":69,"text":4183,"children":50298},[50299,50301,50302,50304],{"id":49719,"depth":91,"text":50300},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":49802,"depth":91,"text":49803},{"id":49887,"depth":91,"text":50303},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":49971,"depth":91,"text":49972},{"id":25609,"depth":69,"text":25610},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":50307},[50308,50310,50312,50314],{"id":50194,"depth":91,"text":50309},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50206,"depth":91,"text":50311},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50218,"depth":91,"text":50313},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50233,"depth":91,"text":50315},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48480,"description":50317},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50323,"title":50324,"body":50325,"description":52296,"extension":1611,"meta":52297,"navigation":184,"path":52298,"seo":52299,"stem":52300,"__hash__":52301},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50326,"toc":52271},[50327,50330,50335,50340,50354,50357,50359,50434,50439,50443,50448,50451,50465,50467,50633,50645,50647,50649,50664,50667,50670,50683,50685,50783,50787,50793,50796,50805,50807,50842,50847,50868,50873,50878,50910,50913,50970,50974,50980,50983,51036,51038,51078,51081,51149,51152,51203,51210,51214,51220,51305,51311,51317,51366,51369,51372,51422,51424,51429,51433,51483,51487,51534,51538,51615,51619,51684,51687,51691,51696,51701,51713,51715,51734,51740,51742,51761,51766,51793,51800,51804,51810,51813,51908,51911,51914,51963,51968,51970,51974,52009,52012,52069,52079,52082,52116,52119,52121,52125,52128,52132,52135,52139,52142,52146,52159,52163,52168,52170,52220,52232,52234,52268],[10,50328,50324],{"id":50329},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50331,8782,50332,50334],{},[15,50333,42025],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50336,35069,50337,50339],{},[15,50338,42025],{}," to count:",[139,50341,50342,50345,50348,50351],{},[142,50343,50344],{},"characters in a string",[142,50346,50347],{},"items in a list or tuple",[142,50349,50350],{},"keys in a dictionary",[142,50352,50353],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50355,50356],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[30,50358,1653],{"id":1652},[35,50360,50362],{"className":37,"code":50361,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50363,50364,50376,50396,50400,50417],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50365,50366,50368,50370,50372,50374],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50367,51],{"class":50},[44,50369,55],{"class":54},[44,50371,59],{"class":58},[44,50373,986],{"class":62},[44,50375,66],{"class":58},[44,50377,50378,50380,50382,50384,50386,50388,50390,50392,50394],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,50379,7441],{"class":50},[44,50381,55],{"class":54},[44,50383,3281],{"class":80},[44,50385,1982],{"class":1675},[44,50387,2646],{"class":80},[44,50389,7452],{"class":1675},[44,50391,2646],{"class":80},[44,50393,7457],{"class":1675},[44,50395,3294],{"class":80},[44,50397,50398],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,50399,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,50401,50402,50404,50406,50408,50410,50412,50414],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,50403,95],{"class":94},[44,50405,98],{"class":80},[44,50407,10822],{"class":94},[44,50409,98],{"class":80},[44,50411,194],{"class":84},[44,50413,5025],{"class":80},[44,50415,50416],{"class":3324},"   # 5\n",[44,50418,50419,50421,50423,50425,50427,50429,50431],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,50420,95],{"class":94},[44,50422,98],{"class":80},[44,50424,10822],{"class":94},[44,50426,98],{"class":80},[44,50428,7472],{"class":84},[44,50430,5025],{"class":80},[44,50432,50433],{"class":3324},"  # 3\n",[20,50435,119,50436,50438],{},[15,50437,42025],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[30,50440,50442],{"id":50441},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50444,50445,50447],{},[15,50446,42025],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50449,50450],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[139,50452,50453,50456,50459,50462],{},[142,50454,50455],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[142,50457,50458],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[142,50460,50461],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[142,50463,50464],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50466,161],{},[35,50468,50470],{"className":37,"code":50469,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50471,50472,50484,50509,50541,50561,50565,50582,50599,50616],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50473,50474,50476,50478,50480,50482],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50475,284],{"class":50},[44,50477,55],{"class":54},[44,50479,59],{"class":58},[44,50481,7338],{"class":62},[44,50483,66],{"class":58},[44,50485,50486,50488,50490,50492,50494,50496,50498,50500,50502,50504,50507],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,50487,3276],{"class":50},[44,50489,55],{"class":54},[44,50491,3281],{"class":80},[44,50493,1982],{"class":1675},[44,50495,2646],{"class":80},[44,50497,7452],{"class":1675},[44,50499,2646],{"class":80},[44,50501,7457],{"class":1675},[44,50503,2646],{"class":80},[44,50505,50506],{"class":1675}," 40",[44,50508,3294],{"class":80},[44,50510,50511,50513,50515,50517,50519,50521,50523,50525,50527,50529,50531,50533,50535,50537,50539],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,50512,8825],{"class":50},[44,50514,55],{"class":54},[44,50516,10151],{"class":80},[44,50518,362],{"class":58},[44,50520,243],{"class":62},[44,50522,362],{"class":58},[44,50524,2539],{"class":80},[44,50526,5162],{"class":1675},[44,50528,2646],{"class":80},[44,50530,59],{"class":58},[44,50532,842],{"class":62},[44,50534,362],{"class":58},[44,50536,2539],{"class":80},[44,50538,2649],{"class":1675},[44,50540,8969],{"class":80},[44,50542,50543,50545,50547,50549,50551,50553,50555,50557,50559],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,50544,3484],{"class":50},[44,50546,55],{"class":54},[44,50548,10151],{"class":80},[44,50550,1789],{"class":1675},[44,50552,2646],{"class":80},[44,50554,37309],{"class":1675},[44,50556,2646],{"class":80},[44,50558,5659],{"class":1675},[44,50560,8969],{"class":80},[44,50562,50563],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,50564,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,50566,50567,50569,50571,50573,50575,50577,50579],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,50568,95],{"class":94},[44,50570,98],{"class":80},[44,50572,10822],{"class":94},[44,50574,98],{"class":80},[44,50576,302],{"class":84},[44,50578,5025],{"class":80},[44,50580,50581],{"class":3324},"     # 3\n",[44,50583,50584,50586,50588,50590,50592,50594,50596],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,50585,95],{"class":94},[44,50587,98],{"class":80},[44,50589,10822],{"class":94},[44,50591,98],{"class":80},[44,50593,3308],{"class":84},[44,50595,5025],{"class":80},[44,50597,50598],{"class":3324},"  # 4\n",[44,50600,50601,50603,50605,50607,50609,50611,50613],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,50602,95],{"class":94},[44,50604,98],{"class":80},[44,50606,10822],{"class":94},[44,50608,98],{"class":80},[44,50610,8864],{"class":84},[44,50612,5025],{"class":80},[44,50614,50615],{"class":3324},"     # 2\n",[44,50617,50618,50620,50622,50624,50626,50628,50630],{"class":46,"line":6095},[44,50619,95],{"class":94},[44,50621,98],{"class":80},[44,50623,10822],{"class":94},[44,50625,98],{"class":80},[44,50627,5022],{"class":84},[44,50629,5025],{"class":80},[44,50631,50632],{"class":3324},"   # 3\n",[20,50634,50635,50636,839,50639,16737,50643,81],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[243,50637,50638],{"href":245},"Python strings explained",[243,50640,50642],{"href":50641},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[243,50644,8815],{"href":8814},[30,50646,250],{"id":249},[20,50648,1812],{},[35,50650,50652],{"className":37,"code":50651,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"len(object)\n",[15,50653,50654],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50655,50656,50658,50660,50662],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50657,10822],{"class":94},[44,50659,98],{"class":80},[44,50661,42063],{"class":1461},[44,50663,104],{"class":80},[20,50665,50666],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,50668,50669],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[139,50671,50672,50674,50676,50678,50680],{},[142,50673,37573],{},[142,50675,37567],{},[142,50677,37570],{},[142,50679,37576],{},[142,50681,50682],{},"a dictionary",[20,50684,161],{},[35,50686,50688],{"className":37,"code":50687,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,50689,50690,50711,50735,50757],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50691,50692,50694,50696,50698,50700,50702,50704,50706,50708],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50693,95],{"class":94},[44,50695,98],{"class":80},[44,50697,10822],{"class":94},[44,50699,98],{"class":80},[44,50701,362],{"class":58},[44,50703,39],{"class":62},[44,50705,362],{"class":58},[44,50707,5025],{"class":80},[44,50709,50710],{"class":3324},"      # 6\n",[44,50712,50713,50715,50717,50719,50721,50723,50725,50727,50729,50731,50733],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,50714,95],{"class":94},[44,50716,98],{"class":80},[44,50718,10822],{"class":94},[44,50720,2640],{"class":80},[44,50722,2643],{"class":1675},[44,50724,2646],{"class":80},[44,50726,2649],{"class":1675},[44,50728,2646],{"class":80},[44,50730,2104],{"class":1675},[44,50732,4399],{"class":80},[44,50734,50581],{"class":3324},[44,50736,50737,50739,50741,50743,50745,50747,50749,50751,50754],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,50738,95],{"class":94},[44,50740,98],{"class":80},[44,50742,10822],{"class":94},[44,50744,5175],{"class":80},[44,50746,1982],{"class":1675},[44,50748,2646],{"class":80},[44,50750,7452],{"class":1675},[44,50752,50753],{"class":80},")))",[44,50755,50756],{"class":3324},"      # 2\n",[44,50758,50759,50761,50763,50765,50767,50769,50771,50773,50775,50777,50780],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,50760,95],{"class":94},[44,50762,98],{"class":80},[44,50764,10822],{"class":94},[44,50766,5194],{"class":80},[44,50768,362],{"class":58},[44,50770,1110],{"class":62},[44,50772,362],{"class":58},[44,50774,2539],{"class":80},[44,50776,5162],{"class":1675},[44,50778,50779],{"class":80},"}))",[44,50781,50782],{"class":3324},"      # 1\n",[30,50784,50786],{"id":50785},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,50788,50789,50790,50792],{},"When you use ",[15,50791,42025],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,50794,50795],{},"That includes:",[139,50797,50798,50800,50802],{},[142,50799,35808],{},[142,50801,10112],{},[142,50803,50804],{},"punctuation",[20,50806,161],{},[35,50808,50810],{"className":37,"code":50809,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,50811,50812,50825],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50813,50814,50816,50818,50820,50823],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50815,51],{"class":50},[44,50817,55],{"class":54},[44,50819,59],{"class":58},[44,50821,50822],{"class":62},"Hi there!",[44,50824,66],{"class":58},[44,50826,50827,50829,50831,50833,50835,50837,50839],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,50828,95],{"class":94},[44,50830,98],{"class":80},[44,50832,10822],{"class":94},[44,50834,98],{"class":80},[44,50836,194],{"class":84},[44,50838,5025],{"class":80},[44,50840,50841],{"class":3324},"  # 9\n",[20,50843,50844,50845,1520],{},"Why is the result ",[15,50846,1797],{},[139,50848,50849,50855,50859,50862],{},[142,50850,50851,50854],{},[15,50852,50853],{},"H"," = 1",[142,50856,50857,50854],{},[15,50858,35819],{},[142,50860,50861],{},"space = 1",[142,50863,50864,50867],{},[15,50865,50866],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,50869,50870,50871],{},"Total: ",[15,50872,1797],{},[20,50874,50875,50876,2539],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,50877,1772],{},[35,50879,50881],{"className":37,"code":50880,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,50882,50883,50892],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50884,50885,50888,50890],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50886,50887],{"class":50},"empty_text ",[44,50889,55],{"class":54},[44,50891,7543],{"class":58},[44,50893,50894,50896,50898,50900,50902,50905,50907],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,50895,95],{"class":94},[44,50897,98],{"class":80},[44,50899,10822],{"class":94},[44,50901,98],{"class":80},[44,50903,50904],{"class":84},"empty_text",[44,50906,5025],{"class":80},[44,50908,50909],{"class":3324},"  # 0\n",[20,50911,50912],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[35,50914,50916],{"className":37,"code":50915,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,50917,50918,50931,50935,50955],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50919,50920,50923,50925,50927,50929],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50921,50922],{"class":50},"user_name ",[44,50924,55],{"class":54},[44,50926,59],{"class":58},[44,50928,4666],{"class":62},[44,50930,66],{"class":58},[44,50932,50933],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,50934,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,50936,50937,50939,50941,50943,50946,50948,50951,50953],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,50938,525],{"class":524},[44,50940,38052],{"class":94},[44,50942,98],{"class":80},[44,50944,50945],{"class":84},"user_name",[44,50947,3321],{"class":80},[44,50949,50950],{"class":54}," >=",[44,50952,2104],{"class":1675},[44,50954,548],{"class":80},[44,50956,50957,50959,50961,50963,50966,50968],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,50958,553],{"class":94},[44,50960,98],{"class":80},[44,50962,362],{"class":58},[44,50964,50965],{"class":62},"Name is long enough",[44,50967,362],{"class":58},[44,50969,104],{"class":80},[30,50971,50973],{"id":50972},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,50975,50976,50977,50979],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,50978,42025],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,50981,50982],{},"Example with a list:",[35,50984,50986],{"className":37,"code":50985,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,50987,50988,51020],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50989,50990,50992,50994,50996,50998,51000,51002,51004,51006,51008,51010,51012,51014,51016,51018],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50991,12738],{"class":50},[44,50993,55],{"class":54},[44,50995,3281],{"class":80},[44,50997,362],{"class":58},[44,50999,12755],{"class":62},[44,51001,362],{"class":58},[44,51003,2646],{"class":80},[44,51005,59],{"class":58},[44,51007,17121],{"class":62},[44,51009,362],{"class":58},[44,51011,2646],{"class":80},[44,51013,59],{"class":58},[44,51015,12772],{"class":62},[44,51017,362],{"class":58},[44,51019,3294],{"class":80},[44,51021,51022,51024,51026,51028,51030,51032,51034],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,51023,95],{"class":94},[44,51025,98],{"class":80},[44,51027,10822],{"class":94},[44,51029,98],{"class":80},[44,51031,17168],{"class":84},[44,51033,5025],{"class":80},[44,51035,50433],{"class":3324},[20,51037,37582],{},[35,51039,51041],{"className":37,"code":51040,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51042,51043,51060],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51044,51045,51048,51050,51052,51054,51056,51058],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51046,51047],{"class":50},"point ",[44,51049,55],{"class":54},[44,51051,8896],{"class":80},[44,51053,1982],{"class":1675},[44,51055,2646],{"class":80},[44,51057,7452],{"class":1675},[44,51059,104],{"class":80},[44,51061,51062,51064,51066,51068,51070,51073,51075],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,51063,95],{"class":94},[44,51065,98],{"class":80},[44,51067,10822],{"class":94},[44,51069,98],{"class":80},[44,51071,51072],{"class":84},"point",[44,51074,5025],{"class":80},[44,51076,51077],{"class":3324},"  # 2\n",[20,51079,51080],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[35,51082,51084],{"className":37,"code":51083,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51085,51086,51110,51114,51132],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51087,51088,51090,51092,51094,51096,51098,51100,51102,51104,51106,51108],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51089,7441],{"class":50},[44,51091,55],{"class":54},[44,51093,3281],{"class":80},[44,51095,362],{"class":58},[44,51097,3741],{"class":62},[44,51099,362],{"class":58},[44,51101,2646],{"class":80},[44,51103,59],{"class":58},[44,51105,3750],{"class":62},[44,51107,362],{"class":58},[44,51109,3294],{"class":80},[44,51111,51112],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,51113,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,51115,51116,51118,51120,51122,51124,51126,51128,51130],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,51117,525],{"class":524},[44,51119,38052],{"class":94},[44,51121,98],{"class":80},[44,51123,7472],{"class":84},[44,51125,3321],{"class":80},[44,51127,38062],{"class":54},[44,51129,5162],{"class":1675},[44,51131,548],{"class":80},[44,51133,51134,51136,51138,51140,51142,51144,51146],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,51135,553],{"class":94},[44,51137,98],{"class":80},[44,51139,7472],{"class":84},[44,51141,3561],{"class":80},[44,51143,2643],{"class":1675},[44,51145,20113],{"class":80},[44,51147,51148],{"class":3324},"  # banana\n",[20,51150,51151],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[35,51153,51155],{"className":37,"code":51154,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51156,51157,51180],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51158,51159,51161,51163,51165,51168,51170,51173,51175,51178],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51160,4726],{"class":50},[44,51162,55],{"class":54},[44,51164,3281],{"class":80},[44,51166,51167],{"class":1675},"88",[44,51169,2646],{"class":80},[44,51171,51172],{"class":1675}," 91",[44,51174,2646],{"class":80},[44,51176,51177],{"class":1675}," 75",[44,51179,3294],{"class":80},[44,51181,51182,51184,51186,51188,51191,51193,51195,51197,51199,51201],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,51183,95],{"class":94},[44,51185,98],{"class":80},[44,51187,362],{"class":58},[44,51189,51190],{"class":62},"Number of scores:",[44,51192,362],{"class":58},[44,51194,2646],{"class":80},[44,51196,38052],{"class":94},[44,51198,98],{"class":80},[44,51200,16053],{"class":84},[44,51202,370],{"class":80},[20,51204,51205,51206,81],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[243,51207,51209],{"href":51208},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[30,51211,51213],{"id":51212},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51215,51216,51217,51219],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51218,42025],{}," counts keys.",[35,51221,51223],{"className":37,"code":51222,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51224,51225,51233,51251,51265,51281,51285,51289],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51226,51227,51229,51231],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51228,12526],{"class":50},[44,51230,55],{"class":54},[44,51232,11154],{"class":80},[44,51234,51235,51237,51239,51241,51243,51245,51247,51249],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,51236,11159],{"class":58},[44,51238,302],{"class":62},[44,51240,362],{"class":58},[44,51242,2539],{"class":80},[44,51244,59],{"class":58},[44,51246,7583],{"class":62},[44,51248,362],{"class":58},[44,51250,11175],{"class":80},[44,51252,51253,51255,51257,51259,51261,51263],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,51254,11159],{"class":58},[44,51256,8959],{"class":62},[44,51258,362],{"class":58},[44,51260,2539],{"class":80},[44,51262,30610],{"class":1675},[44,51264,11175],{"class":80},[44,51266,51267,51269,51271,51273,51275,51277,51279],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,51268,11159],{"class":58},[44,51270,19558],{"class":62},[44,51272,362],{"class":58},[44,51274,2539],{"class":80},[44,51276,59],{"class":58},[44,51278,21912],{"class":62},[44,51280,66],{"class":58},[44,51282,51283],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,51284,8969],{"class":80},[44,51286,51287],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,51288,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,51290,51291,51293,51295,51297,51299,51301,51303],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,51292,95],{"class":94},[44,51294,98],{"class":80},[44,51296,10822],{"class":94},[44,51298,98],{"class":80},[44,51300,13289],{"class":84},[44,51302,5025],{"class":80},[44,51304,50433],{"class":3324},[20,51306,51307,51308,51310],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51309,42025],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51312,51313,51314,51316],{},"For sets, ",[15,51315,42025],{}," counts unique items:",[35,51318,51320],{"className":37,"code":51319,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51321,51322,51350],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51323,51324,51326,51328,51330,51332,51334,51336,51338,51340,51342,51344,51346,51348],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51325,3276],{"class":50},[44,51327,55],{"class":54},[44,51329,10151],{"class":80},[44,51331,2643],{"class":1675},[44,51333,2646],{"class":80},[44,51335,2649],{"class":1675},[44,51337,2646],{"class":80},[44,51339,2104],{"class":1675},[44,51341,2646],{"class":80},[44,51343,2104],{"class":1675},[44,51345,2646],{"class":80},[44,51347,2649],{"class":1675},[44,51349,8969],{"class":80},[44,51351,51352,51354,51356,51358,51360,51362,51364],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,51353,95],{"class":94},[44,51355,98],{"class":80},[44,51357,10822],{"class":94},[44,51359,98],{"class":80},[44,51361,3308],{"class":84},[44,51363,5025],{"class":80},[44,51365,50433],{"class":3324},[20,51367,51368],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51370,51371],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[35,51373,51375],{"className":37,"code":51374,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51376,51377,51385,51389,51407],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51378,51379,51381,51383],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51380,8825],{"class":50},[44,51382,55],{"class":54},[44,51384,9498],{"class":80},[44,51386,51387],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,51388,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,51390,51391,51393,51395,51397,51399,51401,51403,51405],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,51392,525],{"class":524},[44,51394,38052],{"class":94},[44,51396,98],{"class":80},[44,51398,8864],{"class":84},[44,51400,3321],{"class":80},[44,51402,538],{"class":54},[44,51404,3495],{"class":1675},[44,51406,548],{"class":80},[44,51408,51409,51411,51413,51415,51418,51420],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,51410,553],{"class":94},[44,51412,98],{"class":80},[44,51414,362],{"class":58},[44,51416,51417],{"class":62},"The dictionary is empty",[44,51419,362],{"class":58},[44,51421,104],{"class":80},[30,51423,40713],{"id":40712},[20,51425,51426,51427,81],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51428,42025],{},[267,51430,51432],{"id":51431},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[35,51434,51436],{"className":37,"code":51435,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51437,51438,51446,51450,51468],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51439,51440,51442,51444],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51441,7441],{"class":50},[44,51443,55],{"class":54},[44,51445,7501],{"class":80},[44,51447,51448],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,51449,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,51451,51452,51454,51456,51458,51460,51462,51464,51466],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,51453,525],{"class":524},[44,51455,38052],{"class":94},[44,51457,98],{"class":80},[44,51459,7472],{"class":84},[44,51461,3321],{"class":80},[44,51463,538],{"class":54},[44,51465,3495],{"class":1675},[44,51467,548],{"class":80},[44,51469,51470,51472,51474,51476,51479,51481],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,51471,553],{"class":94},[44,51473,98],{"class":80},[44,51475,362],{"class":58},[44,51477,51478],{"class":62},"The list is empty",[44,51480,362],{"class":58},[44,51482,104],{"class":80},[267,51484,51486],{"id":51485},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[35,51488,51490],{"className":37,"code":51489,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51491,51492,51511],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51493,51494,51496,51498,51500,51502,51504,51507,51509],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51495,5820],{"class":50},[44,51497,55],{"class":54},[44,51499,7903],{"class":94},[44,51501,98],{"class":80},[44,51503,362],{"class":58},[44,51505,51506],{"class":62},"Enter a word: ",[44,51508,362],{"class":58},[44,51510,104],{"class":80},[44,51512,51513,51515,51517,51519,51522,51524,51526,51528,51530,51532],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,51514,95],{"class":94},[44,51516,98],{"class":80},[44,51518,362],{"class":58},[44,51520,51521],{"class":62},"Number of characters:",[44,51523,362],{"class":58},[44,51525,2646],{"class":80},[44,51527,38052],{"class":94},[44,51529,98],{"class":80},[44,51531,38057],{"class":84},[44,51533,370],{"class":80},[267,51535,51537],{"id":51536},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[35,51539,51541],{"className":37,"code":51540,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51542,51543,51557,51561,51579,51594,51600],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51544,51545,51548,51550,51552,51555],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51546,51547],{"class":50},"password ",[44,51549,55],{"class":54},[44,51551,59],{"class":58},[44,51553,51554],{"class":62},"secret123",[44,51556,66],{"class":58},[44,51558,51559],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,51560,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,51562,51563,51565,51567,51569,51571,51573,51575,51577],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,51564,525],{"class":524},[44,51566,38052],{"class":94},[44,51568,98],{"class":80},[44,51570,17287],{"class":84},[44,51572,3321],{"class":80},[44,51574,50950],{"class":54},[44,51576,6024],{"class":1675},[44,51578,548],{"class":80},[44,51580,51581,51583,51585,51587,51590,51592],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,51582,553],{"class":94},[44,51584,98],{"class":80},[44,51586,362],{"class":58},[44,51588,51589],{"class":62},"Password length is valid",[44,51591,362],{"class":58},[44,51593,104],{"class":80},[44,51595,51596,51598],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,51597,27101],{"class":524},[44,51599,548],{"class":80},[44,51601,51602,51604,51606,51608,51611,51613],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,51603,553],{"class":94},[44,51605,98],{"class":80},[44,51607,362],{"class":58},[44,51609,51610],{"class":62},"Password is too short",[44,51612,362],{"class":58},[44,51614,104],{"class":80},[267,51616,51618],{"id":51617},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[35,51620,51622],{"className":37,"code":51621,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,51623,51624,51660],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51625,51626,51629,51631,51633,51635,51638,51640,51642,51644,51647,51649,51651,51653,51656,51658],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51627,51628],{"class":50},"results ",[44,51630,55],{"class":54},[44,51632,3281],{"class":80},[44,51634,362],{"class":58},[44,51636,51637],{"class":62},"item1",[44,51639,362],{"class":58},[44,51641,2646],{"class":80},[44,51643,59],{"class":58},[44,51645,51646],{"class":62},"item2",[44,51648,362],{"class":58},[44,51650,2646],{"class":80},[44,51652,59],{"class":58},[44,51654,51655],{"class":62},"item3",[44,51657,362],{"class":58},[44,51659,3294],{"class":80},[44,51661,51662,51664,51666,51668,51671,51673,51675,51677,51679,51682],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,51663,95],{"class":94},[44,51665,98],{"class":80},[44,51667,362],{"class":58},[44,51669,51670],{"class":62},"Items found:",[44,51672,362],{"class":58},[44,51674,2646],{"class":80},[44,51676,38052],{"class":94},[44,51678,98],{"class":80},[44,51680,51681],{"class":84},"results",[44,51683,370],{"class":80},[20,51685,51686],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[30,51688,51690],{"id":51689},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,51692,51693,51695],{},[15,51694,42025],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,51697,51698,51699,2539],{},"These will raise a ",[15,51700,2662],{},[139,51702,51703,51706,51709],{},[142,51704,51705],{},"plain integers",[142,51707,51708],{},"floats",[142,51710,51711],{},[15,51712,3439],{},[20,51714,161],{},[35,51716,51718],{"className":37,"code":51717,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(5))\n",[15,51719,51720],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51721,51722,51724,51726,51728,51730,51732],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51723,95],{"class":94},[44,51725,98],{"class":80},[44,51727,10822],{"class":94},[44,51729,98],{"class":80},[44,51731,1789],{"class":1675},[44,51733,370],{"class":80},[20,51735,51736,51737,51739],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,51738,1789],{}," does not have a length.",[20,51741,767],{},[35,51743,51745],{"className":37,"code":51744,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,51746,51747],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51748,51749,51751,51753,51755,51757,51759],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51750,95],{"class":94},[44,51752,98],{"class":80},[44,51754,10822],{"class":94},[44,51756,98],{"class":80},[44,51758,39810],{"class":1675},[44,51760,370],{"class":80},[20,51762,51763,51764,2539],{},"And with ",[15,51765,3439],{},[35,51767,51769],{"className":37,"code":51768,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,51770,51771,51779],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51772,51773,51775,51777],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51774,2099],{"class":50},[44,51776,55],{"class":54},[44,51778,48189],{"class":3513},[44,51780,51781,51783,51785,51787,51789,51791],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,51782,95],{"class":94},[44,51784,98],{"class":80},[44,51786,10822],{"class":94},[44,51788,98],{"class":80},[44,51790,2126],{"class":84},[44,51792,370],{"class":80},[20,51794,51795,51796,81],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[243,51797,51799],{"href":51798},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[30,51801,51803],{"id":51802},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,51805,51806,51807,51809],{},"Before using ",[15,51808,42025],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,51811,51812],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[35,51814,51816],{"className":37,"code":51815,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,51817,51818,51826,51830,51840,51854,51872,51890],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51819,51820,51822,51824],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51821,2099],{"class":50},[44,51823,55],{"class":54},[44,51825,48189],{"class":3513},[44,51827,51828],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,51829,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,51831,51832,51834,51836,51838],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,51833,95],{"class":94},[44,51835,98],{"class":80},[44,51837,2126],{"class":84},[44,51839,104],{"class":80},[44,51841,51842,51844,51846,51848,51850,51852],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,51843,95],{"class":94},[44,51845,98],{"class":80},[44,51847,2880],{"class":1461},[44,51849,98],{"class":80},[44,51851,2126],{"class":84},[44,51853,370],{"class":80},[44,51855,51856,51858,51860,51862,51864,51866,51868,51870],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,51857,95],{"class":94},[44,51859,98],{"class":80},[44,51861,48537],{"class":94},[44,51863,98],{"class":80},[44,51865,2126],{"class":84},[44,51867,2646],{"class":80},[44,51869,48566],{"class":1461},[44,51871,370],{"class":80},[44,51873,51874,51876,51878,51880,51882,51884,51886,51888],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,51875,95],{"class":94},[44,51877,98],{"class":80},[44,51879,48537],{"class":94},[44,51881,98],{"class":80},[44,51883,2126],{"class":84},[44,51885,2646],{"class":80},[44,51887,22227],{"class":1461},[44,51889,370],{"class":80},[44,51891,51892,51894,51896,51898,51900,51902,51904,51906],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,51893,95],{"class":94},[44,51895,98],{"class":80},[44,51897,48537],{"class":94},[44,51899,98],{"class":80},[44,51901,2126],{"class":84},[44,51903,2646],{"class":80},[44,51905,8830],{"class":1461},[44,51907,370],{"class":80},[20,51909,51910],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,51912,51913],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[35,51915,51917],{"className":37,"code":51916,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,51918,51919,51931,51935,51949],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51920,51921,51923,51925,51927,51929],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51922,2099],{"class":50},[44,51924,55],{"class":54},[44,51926,59],{"class":58},[44,51928,986],{"class":62},[44,51930,66],{"class":58},[44,51932,51933],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,51934,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,51936,51937,51939,51941,51943,51945,51947],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,51938,525],{"class":524},[44,51940,21252],{"class":50},[44,51942,11856],{"class":54},[44,51944,7760],{"class":54},[44,51946,3514],{"class":3513},[44,51948,548],{"class":80},[44,51950,51951,51953,51955,51957,51959,51961],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,51952,553],{"class":94},[44,51954,98],{"class":80},[44,51956,10822],{"class":94},[44,51958,98],{"class":80},[44,51960,2126],{"class":84},[44,51962,370],{"class":80},[20,51964,51965,51966,81],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[243,51967,8103],{"href":1950},[30,51969,1238],{"id":1237},[20,51971,22762,51972,2539],{},[15,51973,42025],{},[139,51975,51976,51984,51992,52000,52006],{},[142,51977,675,51978,51980,51981],{},[15,51979,42025],{}," on an integer like ",[15,51982,51983],{},"len(5)",[142,51985,675,51986,51988,51989],{},[15,51987,42025],{}," on a float like ",[15,51990,51991],{},"len(3.14)",[142,51993,675,51994,51996,51997,51999],{},[15,51995,42025],{}," on ",[15,51998,3439],{}," after a function returns nothing",[142,52001,4244,52002,52005],{},[15,52003,52004],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[142,52007,52008],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52010,52011],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[35,52013,52015],{"className":37,"code":52014,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52016,52017,52053],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52018,52019,52021,52023,52025,52027,52029,52031,52033,52035,52037,52039,52041,52043,52045,52047,52049,52051],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52020,12867],{"class":50},[44,52022,55],{"class":54},[44,52024,10151],{"class":80},[44,52026,362],{"class":58},[44,52028,302],{"class":62},[44,52030,362],{"class":58},[44,52032,2539],{"class":80},[44,52034,59],{"class":58},[44,52036,12543],{"class":62},[44,52038,362],{"class":58},[44,52040,2646],{"class":80},[44,52042,59],{"class":58},[44,52044,8959],{"class":62},[44,52046,362],{"class":58},[44,52048,2539],{"class":80},[44,52050,7452],{"class":1675},[44,52052,8969],{"class":80},[44,52054,52055,52057,52059,52061,52063,52065,52067],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,52056,95],{"class":94},[44,52058,98],{"class":80},[44,52060,10822],{"class":94},[44,52062,98],{"class":80},[44,52064,16972],{"class":84},[44,52066,5025],{"class":80},[44,52068,51077],{"class":3324},[20,52070,37260,52071,52073,52074,4057,52076,81],{},[15,52072,1708],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52075,14903],{},[15,52077,52078],{},"\"age\"",[20,52080,52081],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[35,52083,52085],{"className":37,"code":52084,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52086,52087,52100],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52088,52089,52091,52093,52095,52098],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52090,51],{"class":50},[44,52092,55],{"class":54},[44,52094,59],{"class":58},[44,52096,52097],{"class":62},"a b",[44,52099,66],{"class":58},[44,52101,52102,52104,52106,52108,52110,52112,52114],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,52103,95],{"class":94},[44,52105,98],{"class":80},[44,52107,10822],{"class":94},[44,52109,98],{"class":80},[44,52111,194],{"class":84},[44,52113,5025],{"class":80},[44,52115,50433],{"class":3324},[20,52117,52118],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[30,52120,1478],{"id":1477},[267,52122,52124],{"id":52123},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52126,52127],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[267,52129,52131],{"id":52130},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52133,52134],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[267,52136,52138],{"id":52137},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52140,52141],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[267,52143,52145],{"id":52144},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52147,52148,52149,52151,52152,2532,52154,52156,52157,81],{},"No. Using ",[15,52150,42025],{}," on an ",[15,52153,1840],{},[15,52155,1843],{}," raises a ",[15,52158,2662],{},[267,52160,52162],{"id":52161},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52164,7424,52165,81],{},[15,52166,52167],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52169,161],{},[35,52171,52173],{"className":37,"code":52172,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52174,52175,52183,52187,52205],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52176,52177,52179,52181],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52178,7969],{"class":50},[44,52180,55],{"class":54},[44,52182,7501],{"class":80},[44,52184,52185],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,52186,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,52188,52189,52191,52193,52195,52197,52199,52201,52203],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,52190,525],{"class":524},[44,52192,38052],{"class":94},[44,52194,98],{"class":80},[44,52196,8000],{"class":84},[44,52198,3321],{"class":80},[44,52200,538],{"class":54},[44,52202,3495],{"class":1675},[44,52204,548],{"class":80},[44,52206,52207,52209,52211,52213,52216,52218],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,52208,553],{"class":94},[44,52210,98],{"class":80},[44,52212,362],{"class":58},[44,52214,52215],{"class":62},"Empty list",[44,52217,362],{"class":58},[44,52219,104],{"class":80},[20,52221,52222,52223,52225,52226,52228,52229,52231],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52224,3335],{}," in an ",[15,52227,525],{}," statement, but ",[15,52230,42025],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[30,52233,1545],{"id":1544},[139,52235,52236,52240,52244,52248,52253,52257,52263],{},[142,52237,52238],{},[243,52239,50638],{"href":245},[142,52241,52242],{},[243,52243,50642],{"href":50641},[142,52245,52246],{},[243,52247,8815],{"href":8814},[142,52249,52250],{},[243,52251,52252],{"href":51208},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[142,52254,52255],{},[243,52256,8103],{"href":1950},[142,52258,52259],{},[243,52260,52262],{"href":52261},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[142,52264,52265],{},[243,52266,52267],{"href":51798},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1577,52269,52270],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":52272},[52273,52274,52275,52276,52277,52278,52279,52285,52286,52287,52288,52295],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":50441,"depth":69,"text":50442},{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":50785,"depth":69,"text":50786},{"id":50972,"depth":69,"text":50973},{"id":51212,"depth":69,"text":51213},{"id":40712,"depth":69,"text":40713,"children":52280},[52281,52282,52283,52284],{"id":51431,"depth":91,"text":51432},{"id":51485,"depth":91,"text":51486},{"id":51536,"depth":91,"text":51537},{"id":51617,"depth":91,"text":51618},{"id":51689,"depth":69,"text":51690},{"id":51802,"depth":69,"text":51803},{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":52289},[52290,52291,52292,52293,52294],{"id":52123,"depth":91,"text":52124},{"id":52130,"depth":91,"text":52131},{"id":52137,"depth":91,"text":52138},{"id":52144,"depth":91,"text":52145},{"id":52161,"depth":91,"text":52162},{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50324,"description":52296},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52303,"title":52304,"body":52305,"description":53989,"extension":1611,"meta":53990,"navigation":184,"path":53991,"seo":53992,"stem":53993,"__hash__":53994},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52306,"toc":53962},[52307,52310,52324,52330,52332,52386,52391,52395,52411,52414,52428,52434,52436,52439,52458,52474,52476,52552,52554,52591,52602,52604,52607,52668,52670,52703,52706,52712,52716,52719,52844,52846,52905,52913,52966,52968,52995,53001,53011,53015,53018,53023,53075,53077,53103,53109,53163,53165,53190,53193,53217,53223,53225,53229,53231,53288,53290,53298,53300,53321,53323,53376,53378,53402,53406,53408,53447,53449,53457,53463,53467,53519,53521,53547,53555,53559,53564,53573,53575,53641,53643,53675,53679,53684,53686,53700,53703,53776,53778,53804,53806,53810,53817,53821,53828,53832,53835,53837,53890,53892,53918,53922,53931,53933,53959],[10,52308,52304],{"id":52309},"python-list-append-method",[20,52311,1628,52312,52315,52316,52319,52320,52323],{},[15,52313,52314],{},"append()"," method adds ",[830,52317,52318],{},"one item"," to the ",[830,52321,52322],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52325,52326,52327,52329],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[830,52328,832],{}," create a new list.",[30,52331,33],{"id":32},[35,52333,52335],{"className":37,"code":52334,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52336,52337,52357,52371,52381],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52338,52339,52341,52343,52345,52347,52349,52351,52353,52355],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52340,3276],{"class":50},[44,52342,55],{"class":54},[44,52344,3281],{"class":80},[44,52346,2643],{"class":1675},[44,52348,2646],{"class":80},[44,52350,2649],{"class":1675},[44,52352,2646],{"class":80},[44,52354,2104],{"class":1675},[44,52356,3294],{"class":80},[44,52358,52359,52361,52363,52365,52367,52369],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,52360,3308],{"class":50},[44,52362,81],{"class":80},[44,52364,13216],{"class":84},[44,52366,98],{"class":80},[44,52368,2158],{"class":1675},[44,52370,104],{"class":80},[44,52372,52373,52375,52377,52379],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,52374,95],{"class":94},[44,52376,98],{"class":80},[44,52378,3308],{"class":84},[44,52380,104],{"class":80},[44,52382,52383],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,52384,52385],{"class":3324},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52387,119,52388,52390],{},[15,52389,52314],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[30,52392,52394],{"id":52393},"what-append-does","What append() does",[139,52396,52397,52402,52405,52408],{},[142,52398,52399,52401],{},[15,52400,52314],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[142,52403,52404],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[142,52406,52407],{},"It does not create a new list",[142,52409,52410],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52412,52413],{},"This means you can append:",[139,52415,52416,52418,52420,52422,52424,52426],{},[142,52417,3308],{},[142,52419,4972],{},[142,52421,40261],{},[142,52423,4963],{},[142,52425,6913],{},[142,52427,34326],{},[20,52429,52430,52431,81],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[243,52432,52433],{"href":50641},"Python lists explained for beginners",[30,52435,5095],{"id":5094},[20,52437,52438],{},"Basic form:",[35,52440,52442],{"className":37,"code":52441,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52443,52444],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52445,52446,52448,52450,52452,52454,52456],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52447,8000],{"class":50},[44,52449,81],{"class":80},[44,52451,13216],{"class":84},[44,52453,98],{"class":80},[44,52455,22978],{"class":84},[44,52457,104],{"class":80},[139,52459,52460,52465,52470],{},[142,52461,52462,52464],{},[15,52463,8000],{}," is the list you want to change",[142,52466,52467,52469],{},[15,52468,22978],{}," is the value or object to add",[142,52471,11573,52472],{},[15,52473,3439],{},[20,52475,161],{},[35,52477,52479],{"className":37,"code":52478,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52480,52481,52505,52528,52532,52542],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52482,52483,52485,52487,52489,52491,52493,52495,52497,52499,52501,52503],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52484,35904],{"class":50},[44,52486,55],{"class":54},[44,52488,3281],{"class":80},[44,52490,362],{"class":58},[44,52492,3741],{"class":62},[44,52494,362],{"class":58},[44,52496,2646],{"class":80},[44,52498,59],{"class":58},[44,52500,3750],{"class":62},[44,52502,362],{"class":58},[44,52504,3294],{"class":80},[44,52506,52507,52509,52511,52514,52516,52518,52520,52522,52524,52526],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,52508,1880],{"class":50},[44,52510,55],{"class":54},[44,52512,52513],{"class":50}," fruits",[44,52515,81],{"class":80},[44,52517,13216],{"class":84},[44,52519,98],{"class":80},[44,52521,362],{"class":58},[44,52523,32887],{"class":62},[44,52525,362],{"class":58},[44,52527,104],{"class":80},[44,52529,52530],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,52531,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,52533,52534,52536,52538,52540],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,52535,95],{"class":94},[44,52537,98],{"class":80},[44,52539,35956],{"class":84},[44,52541,104],{"class":80},[44,52543,52544,52546,52548,52550],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,52545,95],{"class":94},[44,52547,98],{"class":80},[44,52549,1915],{"class":84},[44,52551,104],{"class":80},[20,52553,107],{},[35,52555,52557],{"className":37,"code":52556,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52558,52559,52587],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52560,52561,52563,52565,52567,52569,52571,52573,52575,52577,52579,52581,52583,52585],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52562,3561],{"class":80},[44,52564,655],{"class":58},[44,52566,3741],{"class":62},[44,52568,655],{"class":58},[44,52570,2646],{"class":80},[44,52572,2955],{"class":58},[44,52574,3750],{"class":62},[44,52576,655],{"class":58},[44,52578,2646],{"class":80},[44,52580,2955],{"class":58},[44,52582,32887],{"class":62},[44,52584,655],{"class":58},[44,52586,3294],{"class":80},[44,52588,52589],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,52590,11470],{"class":3513},[20,52592,52593,52594,52596,52597,52599,52600,81],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,52595,52314],{}," updates ",[15,52598,35956],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,52601,3439],{},[30,52603,11136],{"id":11135},[20,52605,52606],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[35,52608,52610],{"className":37,"code":52609,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,52611,52612,52636,52654,52658],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52613,52614,52616,52618,52620,52622,52624,52626,52628,52630,52632,52634],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52615,12738],{"class":50},[44,52617,55],{"class":54},[44,52619,3281],{"class":80},[44,52621,362],{"class":58},[44,52623,12755],{"class":62},[44,52625,362],{"class":58},[44,52627,2646],{"class":80},[44,52629,59],{"class":58},[44,52631,12772],{"class":62},[44,52633,362],{"class":58},[44,52635,3294],{"class":80},[44,52637,52638,52640,52642,52644,52646,52648,52650,52652],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,52639,17168],{"class":50},[44,52641,81],{"class":80},[44,52643,13216],{"class":84},[44,52645,98],{"class":80},[44,52647,362],{"class":58},[44,52649,17121],{"class":62},[44,52651,362],{"class":58},[44,52653,104],{"class":80},[44,52655,52656],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,52657,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,52659,52660,52662,52664,52666],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,52661,95],{"class":94},[44,52663,98],{"class":80},[44,52665,17168],{"class":84},[44,52667,104],{"class":80},[20,52669,107],{},[35,52671,52673],{"className":37,"code":52672,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,52674,52675],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52676,52677,52679,52681,52683,52685,52687,52689,52691,52693,52695,52697,52699,52701],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52678,3561],{"class":80},[44,52680,655],{"class":58},[44,52682,12755],{"class":62},[44,52684,655],{"class":58},[44,52686,2646],{"class":80},[44,52688,2955],{"class":58},[44,52690,12772],{"class":62},[44,52692,655],{"class":58},[44,52694,2646],{"class":80},[44,52696,2955],{"class":58},[44,52698,17121],{"class":62},[44,52700,655],{"class":58},[44,52702,3294],{"class":80},[20,52704,52705],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,52707,30750,52708,81],{},[243,52709,52711],{"href":52710},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[30,52713,52715],{"id":52714},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,52717,52718],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[35,52720,52722],{"className":37,"code":52721,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52723,52724,52732,52736,52750,52768,52782,52808,52830,52834],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52725,52726,52728,52730],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52727,7441],{"class":50},[44,52729,55],{"class":54},[44,52731,7501],{"class":80},[44,52733,52734],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,52735,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,52737,52738,52740,52742,52744,52746,52748],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,52739,7472],{"class":50},[44,52741,81],{"class":80},[44,52743,13216],{"class":84},[44,52745,98],{"class":80},[44,52747,1982],{"class":1675},[44,52749,104],{"class":80},[44,52751,52752,52754,52756,52758,52760,52762,52764,52766],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,52753,7472],{"class":50},[44,52755,81],{"class":80},[44,52757,13216],{"class":84},[44,52759,98],{"class":80},[44,52761,362],{"class":58},[44,52763,986],{"class":62},[44,52765,362],{"class":58},[44,52767,104],{"class":80},[44,52769,52770,52772,52774,52776,52778,52780],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,52771,7472],{"class":50},[44,52773,81],{"class":80},[44,52775,13216],{"class":84},[44,52777,98],{"class":80},[44,52779,3263],{"class":3513},[44,52781,104],{"class":80},[44,52783,52784,52786,52788,52790,52792,52794,52796,52798,52800,52802,52804,52806],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,52785,7472],{"class":50},[44,52787,81],{"class":80},[44,52789,13216],{"class":84},[44,52791,5194],{"class":80},[44,52793,362],{"class":58},[44,52795,302],{"class":62},[44,52797,362],{"class":58},[44,52799,2539],{"class":80},[44,52801,59],{"class":58},[44,52803,7338],{"class":62},[44,52805,362],{"class":58},[44,52807,30164],{"class":80},[44,52809,52810,52812,52814,52816,52818,52820,52822,52824,52826,52828],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,52811,7472],{"class":50},[44,52813,81],{"class":80},[44,52815,13216],{"class":84},[44,52817,2640],{"class":80},[44,52819,2643],{"class":1675},[44,52821,2646],{"class":80},[44,52823,2649],{"class":1675},[44,52825,2646],{"class":80},[44,52827,2104],{"class":1675},[44,52829,3549],{"class":80},[44,52831,52832],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,52833,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,52835,52836,52838,52840,52842],{"class":46,"line":6095},[44,52837,95],{"class":94},[44,52839,98],{"class":80},[44,52841,7472],{"class":84},[44,52843,104],{"class":80},[20,52845,107],{},[35,52847,52849],{"className":37,"code":52848,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,52850,52851],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52852,52853,52855,52857,52859,52861,52863,52865,52867,52869,52871,52873,52875,52877,52879,52881,52883,52885,52887,52890,52892,52894,52896,52898,52900,52902],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52854,3561],{"class":80},[44,52856,1982],{"class":1675},[44,52858,2646],{"class":80},[44,52860,2955],{"class":58},[44,52862,986],{"class":62},[44,52864,655],{"class":58},[44,52866,2646],{"class":80},[44,52868,3577],{"class":3513},[44,52870,2646],{"class":80},[44,52872,10151],{"class":80},[44,52874,655],{"class":58},[44,52876,302],{"class":62},[44,52878,655],{"class":58},[44,52880,2539],{"class":80},[44,52882,2955],{"class":58},[44,52884,7338],{"class":62},[44,52886,655],{"class":58},[44,52888,52889],{"class":80},"},",[44,52891,3281],{"class":80},[44,52893,2643],{"class":1675},[44,52895,2646],{"class":80},[44,52897,2649],{"class":1675},[44,52899,2646],{"class":80},[44,52901,2104],{"class":1675},[44,52903,52904],{"class":80},"]]\n",[20,52906,52907,52908,41819,52910,81],{},"A list added with ",[15,52909,52314],{},[830,52911,52912],{},"one single item",[35,52914,52916],{"className":37,"code":52915,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,52917,52918,52934,52952,52956],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52919,52920,52922,52924,52926,52928,52930,52932],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52921,3276],{"class":50},[44,52923,55],{"class":54},[44,52925,3281],{"class":80},[44,52927,2643],{"class":1675},[44,52929,2646],{"class":80},[44,52931,2649],{"class":1675},[44,52933,3294],{"class":80},[44,52935,52936,52938,52940,52942,52944,52946,52948,52950],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,52937,3308],{"class":50},[44,52939,81],{"class":80},[44,52941,13216],{"class":84},[44,52943,2640],{"class":80},[44,52945,1714],{"class":1675},[44,52947,2646],{"class":80},[44,52949,2110],{"class":1675},[44,52951,3549],{"class":80},[44,52953,52954],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,52955,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,52957,52958,52960,52962,52964],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,52959,95],{"class":94},[44,52961,98],{"class":80},[44,52963,3308],{"class":84},[44,52965,104],{"class":80},[20,52967,107],{},[35,52969,52971],{"className":37,"code":52970,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,52972,52973],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52974,52975,52977,52979,52981,52983,52985,52987,52989,52991,52993],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52976,3561],{"class":80},[44,52978,2643],{"class":1675},[44,52980,2646],{"class":80},[44,52982,2649],{"class":1675},[44,52984,2646],{"class":80},[44,52986,3281],{"class":80},[44,52988,1714],{"class":1675},[44,52990,2646],{"class":80},[44,52992,2110],{"class":1675},[44,52994,52904],{"class":80},[20,52996,1937,52997,53000],{},[15,52998,52999],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53002,53003,53004,53010],{},"This is different from ",[243,53005,53007],{"href":53006},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53008,53009],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[30,53012,53014],{"id":53013},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53016,53017],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[267,53019,675,53021],{"id":53020},"using-append",[15,53022,52314],{},[35,53024,53025],{"className":37,"code":52915,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53026,53027,53043,53061,53065],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53028,53029,53031,53033,53035,53037,53039,53041],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53030,3276],{"class":50},[44,53032,55],{"class":54},[44,53034,3281],{"class":80},[44,53036,2643],{"class":1675},[44,53038,2646],{"class":80},[44,53040,2649],{"class":1675},[44,53042,3294],{"class":80},[44,53044,53045,53047,53049,53051,53053,53055,53057,53059],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,53046,3308],{"class":50},[44,53048,81],{"class":80},[44,53050,13216],{"class":84},[44,53052,2640],{"class":80},[44,53054,1714],{"class":1675},[44,53056,2646],{"class":80},[44,53058,2110],{"class":1675},[44,53060,3549],{"class":80},[44,53062,53063],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,53064,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,53066,53067,53069,53071,53073],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,53068,95],{"class":94},[44,53070,98],{"class":80},[44,53072,3308],{"class":84},[44,53074,104],{"class":80},[20,53076,107],{},[35,53078,53079],{"className":37,"code":52970,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53080,53081],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53082,53083,53085,53087,53089,53091,53093,53095,53097,53099,53101],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53084,3561],{"class":80},[44,53086,2643],{"class":1675},[44,53088,2646],{"class":80},[44,53090,2649],{"class":1675},[44,53092,2646],{"class":80},[44,53094,3281],{"class":80},[44,53096,1714],{"class":1675},[44,53098,2646],{"class":80},[44,53100,2110],{"class":1675},[44,53102,52904],{"class":80},[267,53104,675,53106],{"id":53105},"using-extend",[15,53107,53108],{},"extend()",[35,53110,53112],{"className":37,"code":53111,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53113,53114,53130,53149,53153],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53115,53116,53118,53120,53122,53124,53126,53128],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53117,3276],{"class":50},[44,53119,55],{"class":54},[44,53121,3281],{"class":80},[44,53123,2643],{"class":1675},[44,53125,2646],{"class":80},[44,53127,2649],{"class":1675},[44,53129,3294],{"class":80},[44,53131,53132,53134,53136,53139,53141,53143,53145,53147],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,53133,3308],{"class":50},[44,53135,81],{"class":80},[44,53137,53138],{"class":84},"extend",[44,53140,2640],{"class":80},[44,53142,1714],{"class":1675},[44,53144,2646],{"class":80},[44,53146,2110],{"class":1675},[44,53148,3549],{"class":80},[44,53150,53151],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,53152,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,53154,53155,53157,53159,53161],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,53156,95],{"class":94},[44,53158,98],{"class":80},[44,53160,3308],{"class":84},[44,53162,104],{"class":80},[20,53164,107],{},[35,53166,53168],{"className":37,"code":53167,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53169,53170],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53171,53172,53174,53176,53178,53180,53182,53184,53186,53188],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53173,3561],{"class":80},[44,53175,2643],{"class":1675},[44,53177,2646],{"class":80},[44,53179,2649],{"class":1675},[44,53181,2646],{"class":80},[44,53183,2104],{"class":1675},[44,53185,2646],{"class":80},[44,53187,2110],{"class":1675},[44,53189,3294],{"class":80},[20,53191,53192],{},"The difference:",[139,53194,53195,53201,53207,53212],{},[142,53196,53197,53200],{},[15,53198,53199],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[142,53202,53203,53206],{},[15,53204,53205],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[142,53208,119,53209,53211],{},[15,53210,52314],{}," for one item",[142,53213,119,53214,53216],{},[15,53215,53108],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53218,53219,53220,81],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[243,53221,53222],{"href":53006},"Python list extend() method",[30,53224,4183],{"id":4182},[267,53226,53228],{"id":53227},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53230,25358],{},[35,53232,53234],{"className":37,"code":53233,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53235,53236,53256,53274,53278],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53237,53238,53240,53242,53244,53246,53248,53250,53252,53254],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53239,7441],{"class":50},[44,53241,55],{"class":54},[44,53243,3281],{"class":80},[44,53245,2643],{"class":1675},[44,53247,2646],{"class":80},[44,53249,2649],{"class":1675},[44,53251,2646],{"class":80},[44,53253,2104],{"class":1675},[44,53255,3294],{"class":80},[44,53257,53258,53260,53262,53264,53266,53268,53270,53272],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,53259,7441],{"class":50},[44,53261,55],{"class":54},[44,53263,5631],{"class":50},[44,53265,81],{"class":80},[44,53267,13216],{"class":84},[44,53269,98],{"class":80},[44,53271,2158],{"class":1675},[44,53273,104],{"class":80},[44,53275,53276],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,53277,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,53279,53280,53282,53284,53286],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,53281,95],{"class":94},[44,53283,98],{"class":80},[44,53285,7472],{"class":84},[44,53287,104],{"class":80},[20,53289,107],{},[35,53291,53292],{"className":37,"code":11470,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53293,53294],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53295,53296],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53297,11470],{"class":3513},[20,53299,11562],{},[139,53301,53302,53307,53313],{},[142,53303,53304,53306],{},[15,53305,52314],{}," changes the list in place",[142,53308,53309,2049,53311],{},[15,53310,52314],{},[15,53312,3439],{},[142,53314,1114,53315,53318,53319],{},[15,53316,53317],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53320,3439],{},[20,53322,10467],{},[35,53324,53326],{"className":37,"code":53325,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53327,53328,53348,53362,53366],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53329,53330,53332,53334,53336,53338,53340,53342,53344,53346],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53331,7441],{"class":50},[44,53333,55],{"class":54},[44,53335,3281],{"class":80},[44,53337,2643],{"class":1675},[44,53339,2646],{"class":80},[44,53341,2649],{"class":1675},[44,53343,2646],{"class":80},[44,53345,2104],{"class":1675},[44,53347,3294],{"class":80},[44,53349,53350,53352,53354,53356,53358,53360],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,53351,7472],{"class":50},[44,53353,81],{"class":80},[44,53355,13216],{"class":84},[44,53357,98],{"class":80},[44,53359,2158],{"class":1675},[44,53361,104],{"class":80},[44,53363,53364],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,53365,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,53367,53368,53370,53372,53374],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,53369,95],{"class":94},[44,53371,98],{"class":80},[44,53373,7472],{"class":84},[44,53375,104],{"class":80},[20,53377,107],{},[35,53379,53380],{"className":37,"code":53167,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53381,53382],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53383,53384,53386,53388,53390,53392,53394,53396,53398,53400],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53385,3561],{"class":80},[44,53387,2643],{"class":1675},[44,53389,2646],{"class":80},[44,53391,2649],{"class":1675},[44,53393,2646],{"class":80},[44,53395,2104],{"class":1675},[44,53397,2646],{"class":80},[44,53399,2110],{"class":1675},[44,53401,3294],{"class":80},[267,53403,53405],{"id":53404},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53407,18580],{},[35,53409,53411],{"className":37,"code":53410,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53412,53413,53437],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53414,53415,53417,53419,53421,53423,53425,53427,53429,53431,53433,53435],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53416,31550],{"class":50},[44,53418,55],{"class":54},[44,53420,3281],{"class":80},[44,53422,2643],{"class":1675},[44,53424,2646],{"class":80},[44,53426,2649],{"class":1675},[44,53428,13213],{"class":80},[44,53430,13216],{"class":84},[44,53432,98],{"class":80},[44,53434,1714],{"class":1675},[44,53436,104],{"class":80},[44,53438,53439,53441,53443,53445],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,53440,95],{"class":94},[44,53442,98],{"class":80},[44,53444,31569],{"class":84},[44,53446,104],{"class":80},[20,53448,107],{},[35,53450,53451],{"className":37,"code":11470,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53452,53453],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53454,53455],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53456,11470],{"class":3513},[20,53458,53459,53460,53462],{},"Remember: ",[15,53461,52314],{}," updates the list you already have.",[267,53464,53466],{"id":53465},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[35,53468,53469],{"className":37,"code":52915,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53470,53471,53487,53505,53509],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53472,53473,53475,53477,53479,53481,53483,53485],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53474,3276],{"class":50},[44,53476,55],{"class":54},[44,53478,3281],{"class":80},[44,53480,2643],{"class":1675},[44,53482,2646],{"class":80},[44,53484,2649],{"class":1675},[44,53486,3294],{"class":80},[44,53488,53489,53491,53493,53495,53497,53499,53501,53503],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,53490,3308],{"class":50},[44,53492,81],{"class":80},[44,53494,13216],{"class":84},[44,53496,2640],{"class":80},[44,53498,1714],{"class":1675},[44,53500,2646],{"class":80},[44,53502,2110],{"class":1675},[44,53504,3549],{"class":80},[44,53506,53507],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,53508,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,53510,53511,53513,53515,53517],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,53512,95],{"class":94},[44,53514,98],{"class":80},[44,53516,3308],{"class":84},[44,53518,104],{"class":80},[20,53520,107],{},[35,53522,53523],{"className":37,"code":52970,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53524,53525],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53526,53527,53529,53531,53533,53535,53537,53539,53541,53543,53545],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53528,3561],{"class":80},[44,53530,2643],{"class":1675},[44,53532,2646],{"class":80},[44,53534,2649],{"class":1675},[44,53536,2646],{"class":80},[44,53538,3281],{"class":80},[44,53540,1714],{"class":1675},[44,53542,2646],{"class":80},[44,53544,2110],{"class":1675},[44,53546,52904],{"class":80},[20,53548,2827,53549,53552,53553,860],{},[15,53550,53551],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53554,53108],{},[267,53556,53558],{"id":53557},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53560,53561,53563],{},[15,53562,52314],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53565,53566,53567,81],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[243,53568,53570],{"href":53569},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53571,53572],{},"list.insert()",[20,53574,161],{},[35,53576,53578],{"className":37,"code":53577,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53579,53580,53604,53627,53631],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53581,53582,53584,53586,53588,53590,53592,53594,53596,53598,53600,53602],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53583,35755],{"class":50},[44,53585,55],{"class":54},[44,53587,3281],{"class":80},[44,53589,362],{"class":58},[44,53591,243],{"class":62},[44,53593,362],{"class":58},[44,53595,2646],{"class":80},[44,53597,59],{"class":58},[44,53599,846],{"class":62},[44,53601,362],{"class":58},[44,53603,3294],{"class":80},[44,53605,53606,53608,53610,53613,53615,53617,53619,53621,53623,53625],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,53607,35808],{"class":50},[44,53609,81],{"class":80},[44,53611,53612],{"class":84},"insert",[44,53614,98],{"class":80},[44,53616,2643],{"class":1675},[44,53618,2646],{"class":80},[44,53620,59],{"class":58},[44,53622,842],{"class":62},[44,53624,362],{"class":58},[44,53626,104],{"class":80},[44,53628,53629],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,53630,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,53632,53633,53635,53637,53639],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,53634,95],{"class":94},[44,53636,98],{"class":80},[44,53638,35808],{"class":84},[44,53640,104],{"class":80},[20,53642,107],{},[35,53644,53645],{"className":37,"code":42539,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53646,53647],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53648,53649,53651,53653,53655,53657,53659,53661,53663,53665,53667,53669,53671,53673],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53650,3561],{"class":80},[44,53652,655],{"class":58},[44,53654,243],{"class":62},[44,53656,655],{"class":58},[44,53658,2646],{"class":80},[44,53660,2955],{"class":58},[44,53662,842],{"class":62},[44,53664,655],{"class":58},[44,53666,2646],{"class":80},[44,53668,2955],{"class":58},[44,53670,846],{"class":62},[44,53672,655],{"class":58},[44,53674,3294],{"class":80},[30,53676,53678],{"id":53677},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,53680,53681,53683],{},[15,53682,52314],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,53685,1143],{},[139,53687,53688,53691,53694,53697],{},[142,53689,53690],{},"building a list in a loop",[142,53692,53693],{},"collecting user input",[142,53695,53696],{},"storing results step by step",[142,53698,53699],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,53701,53702],{},"Example with a loop:",[35,53704,53706],{"className":37,"code":53705,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,53707,53708,53717,53721,53742,53761,53765],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53709,53710,53713,53715],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53711,53712],{"class":50},"squares ",[44,53714,55],{"class":54},[44,53716,7501],{"class":80},[44,53718,53719],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,53720,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,53722,53723,53725,53727,53729,53732,53734,53736,53738,53740],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,53724,5623],{"class":524},[44,53726,6051],{"class":50},[44,53728,3544],{"class":524},[44,53730,53731],{"class":94}," range",[44,53733,98],{"class":80},[44,53735,2643],{"class":1675},[44,53737,2646],{"class":80},[44,53739,4270],{"class":1675},[44,53741,8003],{"class":80},[44,53743,53744,53747,53749,53751,53753,53755,53757,53759],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,53745,53746],{"class":50},"    squares",[44,53748,81],{"class":80},[44,53750,13216],{"class":84},[44,53752,98],{"class":80},[44,53754,1867],{"class":84},[44,53756,39539],{"class":54},[44,53758,1847],{"class":84},[44,53760,104],{"class":80},[44,53762,53763],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,53764,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,53766,53767,53769,53771,53774],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,53768,95],{"class":94},[44,53770,98],{"class":80},[44,53772,53773],{"class":84},"squares",[44,53775,104],{"class":80},[20,53777,107],{},[35,53779,53781],{"className":37,"code":53780,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,53782,53783],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53784,53785,53787,53789,53791,53793,53795,53798,53800,53802],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53786,3561],{"class":80},[44,53788,2643],{"class":1675},[44,53790,2646],{"class":80},[44,53792,2110],{"class":1675},[44,53794,2646],{"class":80},[44,53796,53797],{"class":1675}," 9",[44,53799,2646],{"class":80},[44,53801,13651],{"class":1675},[44,53803,3294],{"class":80},[30,53805,1478],{"id":1477},[267,53807,53809],{"id":53808},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,53811,1488,53812,53814,53815,81],{},[15,53813,52314],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,53816,3439],{},[267,53818,53820],{"id":53819},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,53822,53823,53824,81],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[243,53825,53826],{"href":53006},[15,53827,53108],{},[267,53829,53831],{"id":53830},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,53833,53834],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,53836,161],{},[35,53838,53840],{"className":37,"code":53839,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,53841,53842,53858,53876,53880],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53843,53844,53846,53848,53850,53852,53854,53856],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53845,8825],{"class":50},[44,53847,55],{"class":54},[44,53849,3281],{"class":80},[44,53851,2643],{"class":1675},[44,53853,2646],{"class":80},[44,53855,2649],{"class":1675},[44,53857,3294],{"class":80},[44,53859,53860,53862,53864,53866,53868,53870,53872,53874],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,53861,8864],{"class":50},[44,53863,81],{"class":80},[44,53865,13216],{"class":84},[44,53867,2640],{"class":80},[44,53869,1714],{"class":1675},[44,53871,2646],{"class":80},[44,53873,2110],{"class":1675},[44,53875,3549],{"class":80},[44,53877,53878],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,53879,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,53881,53882,53884,53886,53888],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,53883,95],{"class":94},[44,53885,98],{"class":80},[44,53887,8864],{"class":84},[44,53889,104],{"class":80},[20,53891,107],{},[35,53893,53894],{"className":37,"code":52970,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53895,53896],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53897,53898,53900,53902,53904,53906,53908,53910,53912,53914,53916],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53899,3561],{"class":80},[44,53901,2643],{"class":1675},[44,53903,2646],{"class":80},[44,53905,2649],{"class":1675},[44,53907,2646],{"class":80},[44,53909,3281],{"class":80},[44,53911,1714],{"class":1675},[44,53913,2646],{"class":80},[44,53915,2110],{"class":1675},[44,53917,52904],{"class":80},[267,53919,53921],{"id":53920},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,53923,53924,53926,53927,53930],{},[15,53925,52314],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,53928,53929],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[30,53932,1545],{"id":1544},[139,53934,53935,53940,53944,53949,53953],{},[142,53936,53937],{},[243,53938,53939],{"href":52710},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[142,53941,53942],{},[243,53943,53222],{"href":53006},[142,53945,53946],{},[243,53947,53948],{"href":53569},"Python list insert() method",[142,53950,53951],{},[243,53952,52433],{"href":50641},[142,53954,53955],{},[243,53956,53958],{"href":53957},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1577,53960,53961],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":53963},[53964,53965,53966,53967,53968,53969,53975,53981,53982,53988],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":52393,"depth":69,"text":52394},{"id":5094,"depth":69,"text":5095},{"id":11135,"depth":69,"text":11136},{"id":52714,"depth":69,"text":52715},{"id":53013,"depth":69,"text":53014,"children":53970},[53971,53973],{"id":53020,"depth":91,"text":53972},"Using append()",{"id":53105,"depth":91,"text":53974},"Using extend()",{"id":4182,"depth":69,"text":4183,"children":53976},[53977,53978,53979,53980],{"id":53227,"depth":91,"text":53228},{"id":53404,"depth":91,"text":53405},{"id":53465,"depth":91,"text":53466},{"id":53557,"depth":91,"text":53558},{"id":53677,"depth":69,"text":53678},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":53983},[53984,53985,53986,53987],{"id":53808,"depth":91,"text":53809},{"id":53819,"depth":91,"text":53820},{"id":53830,"depth":91,"text":53831},{"id":53920,"depth":91,"text":53921},{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52304,"description":53989},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":53996,"title":53997,"body":53998,"description":55242,"extension":1611,"meta":55243,"navigation":184,"path":55244,"seo":55245,"stem":55246,"__hash__":55247},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":53999,"toc":55207},[54000,54006,54012,54018,54020,54068,54073,54078,54082,54098,54104,54106,54109,54124,54126,54137,54139,54141,54198,54200,54208,54210,54226,54232,54234,54240,54244,54328,54331,54380,54387,54395,54398,54412,54425,54431,54506,54513,54520,54594,54602,54605,54616,54625,54629,54633,54644,54646,54723,54744,54746,54756,54759,54807,54809,54830,54833,54835,54886,54892,54899,54966,54972,54978,54981,55008,55013,55019,55022,55094,55097,55108,55114,55116,55122,55125,55131,55137,55144,55152,55158,55164,55166,55204],[10,54001,54003,54004,18],{"id":54002},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54005,10982],{},[20,54007,54008,54011],{},[15,54009,54010],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54013,54014,54015,54017],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[830,54016,10994],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[30,54019,33],{"id":32},[35,54021,54023],{"className":37,"code":54022,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54024,54025,54045,54055],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54026,54027,54029,54031,54033,54035,54037,54039,54041,54043],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54028,7441],{"class":50},[44,54030,55],{"class":54},[44,54032,3281],{"class":80},[44,54034,2643],{"class":1675},[44,54036,2646],{"class":80},[44,54038,2649],{"class":1675},[44,54040,2646],{"class":80},[44,54042,2104],{"class":1675},[44,54044,3294],{"class":80},[44,54046,54047,54049,54051,54053],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,54048,7472],{"class":50},[44,54050,81],{"class":80},[44,54052,11043],{"class":84},[44,54054,88],{"class":80},[44,54056,54057,54059,54061,54063,54065],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,54058,95],{"class":94},[44,54060,98],{"class":80},[44,54062,7472],{"class":84},[44,54064,3321],{"class":80},[44,54066,54067],{"class":3324},"  # []\n",[20,54069,119,54070,54072],{},[15,54071,10982],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[30,54074,126,54076,129],{"id":54075},"what-listclear-does",[15,54077,54010],{},[20,54079,54080,2539],{},[15,54081,54010],{},[139,54083,54084,54087,54090,54095],{},[142,54085,54086],{},"Removes every item from a list",[142,54088,54089],{},"Changes the original list in place",[142,54091,54092,54093],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54094,3448],{},[142,54096,54097],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54099,54100,54101,54103],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54102,10982],{},", but it contains no values.",[30,54105,250],{"id":249},[20,54107,54108],{},"Syntax:",[35,54110,54112],{"className":37,"code":54111,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54113,54114],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54115,54116,54118,54120,54122],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54117,8000],{"class":50},[44,54119,81],{"class":80},[44,54121,11043],{"class":84},[44,54123,88],{"class":80},[20,54125,11119],{},[139,54127,54128,54131,54134],{},[142,54129,54130],{},"Call it on a list object",[142,54132,54133],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[142,54135,54136],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[30,54138,11136],{"id":11135},[20,54140,11139],{},[35,54142,54144],{"className":37,"code":54143,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54145,54146,54170,54174,54184,54188],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54147,54148,54150,54152,54154,54156,54158,54160,54162,54164,54166,54168],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54149,3276],{"class":50},[44,54151,55],{"class":54},[44,54153,3281],{"class":80},[44,54155,1982],{"class":1675},[44,54157,2646],{"class":80},[44,54159,7452],{"class":1675},[44,54161,2646],{"class":80},[44,54163,7457],{"class":1675},[44,54165,2646],{"class":80},[44,54167,50506],{"class":1675},[44,54169,3294],{"class":80},[44,54171,54172],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,54173,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,54175,54176,54178,54180,54182],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,54177,3308],{"class":50},[44,54179,81],{"class":80},[44,54181,11043],{"class":84},[44,54183,88],{"class":80},[44,54185,54186],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,54187,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,54189,54190,54192,54194,54196],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,54191,95],{"class":94},[44,54193,98],{"class":80},[44,54195,3308],{"class":84},[44,54197,104],{"class":80},[20,54199,107],{},[35,54201,54202],{"className":37,"code":37963,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,54203,54204],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54205,54206],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54207,37963],{"class":80},[20,54209,11345],{},[139,54211,54212,54217,54223],{},[142,54213,54214,54216],{},[15,54215,3308],{}," starts with four items",[142,54218,54219,54222],{},[15,54220,54221],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[142,54224,54225],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54227,54228,54229,81],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[243,54230,52433],{"href":54231},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[30,54233,17084],{"id":17083},[20,54235,54236,2049,54238,81],{},[15,54237,10982],{},[15,54239,3439],{},[20,54241,40573,54242,52329],{},[830,54243,832],{},[35,54245,54247],{"className":37,"code":54246,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54248,54249,54281,54285,54299,54303,54316],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54250,54251,54253,54255,54257,54259,54261,54263,54265,54267,54269,54271,54273,54275,54277,54279],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54252,7441],{"class":50},[44,54254,55],{"class":54},[44,54256,3281],{"class":80},[44,54258,362],{"class":58},[44,54260,243],{"class":62},[44,54262,362],{"class":58},[44,54264,2646],{"class":80},[44,54266,59],{"class":58},[44,54268,842],{"class":62},[44,54270,362],{"class":58},[44,54272,2646],{"class":80},[44,54274,59],{"class":58},[44,54276,846],{"class":62},[44,54278,362],{"class":58},[44,54280,3294],{"class":80},[44,54282,54283],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,54284,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,54286,54287,54289,54291,54293,54295,54297],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,54288,1880],{"class":50},[44,54290,55],{"class":54},[44,54292,5631],{"class":50},[44,54294,81],{"class":80},[44,54296,11043],{"class":84},[44,54298,88],{"class":80},[44,54300,54301],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,54302,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,54304,54305,54307,54309,54311,54313],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,54306,95],{"class":94},[44,54308,98],{"class":80},[44,54310,7472],{"class":84},[44,54312,3321],{"class":80},[44,54314,54315],{"class":3324},"   # []\n",[44,54317,54318,54320,54322,54324,54326],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,54319,95],{"class":94},[44,54321,98],{"class":80},[44,54323,1915],{"class":84},[44,54325,3321],{"class":80},[44,54327,20543],{"class":3324},[20,54329,54330],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[35,54332,54334],{"className":37,"code":54333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54335,54336,54356,54370],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54337,54338,54340,54342,54344,54346,54348,54350,54352,54354],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54339,7441],{"class":50},[44,54341,55],{"class":54},[44,54343,3281],{"class":80},[44,54345,2643],{"class":1675},[44,54347,2646],{"class":80},[44,54349,2649],{"class":1675},[44,54351,2646],{"class":80},[44,54353,2104],{"class":1675},[44,54355,3294],{"class":80},[44,54357,54358,54360,54362,54364,54366,54368],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,54359,7441],{"class":50},[44,54361,55],{"class":54},[44,54363,5631],{"class":50},[44,54365,81],{"class":80},[44,54367,11043],{"class":84},[44,54369,88],{"class":80},[44,54371,54372,54374,54376,54378],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,54373,95],{"class":94},[44,54375,98],{"class":80},[44,54377,7472],{"class":84},[44,54379,104],{"class":80},[20,54381,11578,54382,41819,54384,54386],{},[15,54383,7472],{},[15,54385,3439],{},", not an empty list.",[30,54388,54390,54392,54393],{"id":54389},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54391,10982],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54394,3448],{},[20,54396,54397],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[35,54399,54400],{"className":37,"code":54111,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,54401,54402],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54403,54404,54406,54408,54410],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54405,8000],{"class":50},[44,54407,81],{"class":80},[44,54409,11043],{"class":84},[44,54411,88],{"class":80},[35,54413,54415],{"className":37,"code":54414,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = []\n",[15,54416,54417],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54418,54419,54421,54423],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54420,7969],{"class":50},[44,54422,55],{"class":54},[44,54424,7501],{"class":80},[267,54426,54428,54430],{"id":54427},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54429,10982],{}," empties the same list object",[35,54432,54434],{"className":37,"code":54433,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54435,54436,54456,54464,54468,54478,54482,54494],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54437,54438,54440,54442,54444,54446,54448,54450,54452,54454],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54439,2208],{"class":50},[44,54441,55],{"class":54},[44,54443,3281],{"class":80},[44,54445,2643],{"class":1675},[44,54447,2646],{"class":80},[44,54449,2649],{"class":1675},[44,54451,2646],{"class":80},[44,54453,2104],{"class":1675},[44,54455,3294],{"class":80},[44,54457,54458,54460,54462],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,54459,2236],{"class":50},[44,54461,55],{"class":54},[44,54463,35840],{"class":50},[44,54465,54466],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,54467,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,54469,54470,54472,54474,54476],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,54471,243],{"class":50},[44,54473,81],{"class":80},[44,54475,11043],{"class":84},[44,54477,88],{"class":80},[44,54479,54480],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,54481,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,54483,54484,54486,54488,54490,54492],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,54485,95],{"class":94},[44,54487,98],{"class":80},[44,54489,243],{"class":84},[44,54491,3321],{"class":80},[44,54493,54067],{"class":3324},[44,54495,54496,54498,54500,54502,54504],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,54497,95],{"class":94},[44,54499,98],{"class":80},[44,54501,842],{"class":84},[44,54503,3321],{"class":80},[44,54505,54067],{"class":3324},[20,54507,10250,54508,4057,54510,54512],{},[15,54509,243],{},[15,54511,842],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[267,54514,54516,54519],{"id":54515},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54517,54518],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[35,54521,54523],{"className":37,"code":54522,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54524,54525,54545,54553,54557,54565,54569,54581],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54526,54527,54529,54531,54533,54535,54537,54539,54541,54543],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54528,2208],{"class":50},[44,54530,55],{"class":54},[44,54532,3281],{"class":80},[44,54534,2643],{"class":1675},[44,54536,2646],{"class":80},[44,54538,2649],{"class":1675},[44,54540,2646],{"class":80},[44,54542,2104],{"class":1675},[44,54544,3294],{"class":80},[44,54546,54547,54549,54551],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,54548,2236],{"class":50},[44,54550,55],{"class":54},[44,54552,35840],{"class":50},[44,54554,54555],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,54556,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,54558,54559,54561,54563],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,54560,2208],{"class":50},[44,54562,55],{"class":54},[44,54564,7501],{"class":80},[44,54566,54567],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,54568,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,54570,54571,54573,54575,54577,54579],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,54572,95],{"class":94},[44,54574,98],{"class":80},[44,54576,243],{"class":84},[44,54578,3321],{"class":80},[44,54580,54067],{"class":3324},[44,54582,54583,54585,54587,54589,54591],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,54584,95],{"class":94},[44,54586,98],{"class":80},[44,54588,842],{"class":84},[44,54590,3321],{"class":80},[44,54592,54593],{"class":3324},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,54595,20438,54596,54598,54599,54601],{},[15,54597,243],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,54600,842],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,54603,54604],{},"This difference matters when:",[139,54606,54607,54610,54613],{},[142,54608,54609],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[142,54611,54612],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[142,54614,54615],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,54617,54618,54619,81],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[243,54620,54622,54623,1555],{"href":54621},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,54624,12439],{},[30,54626,1133,54627],{"id":12100},[15,54628,10982],{},[20,54630,119,54631,5982],{},[15,54632,10982],{},[139,54634,54635,54638,54641],{},[142,54636,54637],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[142,54639,54640],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[142,54642,54643],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,54645,161],{},[35,54647,54649],{"className":37,"code":54648,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,54650,54651,54687,54691,54696,54707,54711],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54652,54653,54656,54658,54660,54662,54665,54667,54669,54671,54674,54676,54678,54680,54683,54685],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54654,54655],{"class":50},"shopping_cart ",[44,54657,55],{"class":54},[44,54659,3281],{"class":80},[44,54661,362],{"class":58},[44,54663,54664],{"class":62},"milk",[44,54666,362],{"class":58},[44,54668,2646],{"class":80},[44,54670,59],{"class":58},[44,54672,54673],{"class":62},"bread",[44,54675,362],{"class":58},[44,54677,2646],{"class":80},[44,54679,59],{"class":58},[44,54681,54682],{"class":62},"eggs",[44,54684,362],{"class":58},[44,54686,3294],{"class":80},[44,54688,54689],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,54690,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,54692,54693],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,54694,54695],{"class":3324},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[44,54697,54698,54701,54703,54705],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,54699,54700],{"class":50},"shopping_cart",[44,54702,81],{"class":80},[44,54704,11043],{"class":84},[44,54706,88],{"class":80},[44,54708,54709],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,54710,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,54712,54713,54715,54717,54719,54721],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,54714,95],{"class":94},[44,54716,98],{"class":80},[44,54718,54700],{"class":84},[44,54720,3321],{"class":80},[44,54722,54067],{"class":3324},[20,54724,54725,54726,54730,54731,54737,54738,81],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[243,54727,54729],{"href":54728},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[243,54732,54734,1555],{"href":54733},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,54735,54736],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[243,54739,54741,1555],{"href":54740},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,54742,54743],{},"list.pop()",[30,54745,4183],{"id":4182},[267,54747,54749,54750,10752,54753],{"id":54748},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,54751,54752],{},"my_list.clear",[15,54754,54755],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,54757,54758],{},"This does not call the method.",[35,54760,54762],{"className":37,"code":54761,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,54763,54764,54784,54788,54797],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54765,54766,54768,54770,54772,54774,54776,54778,54780,54782],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54767,7441],{"class":50},[44,54769,55],{"class":54},[44,54771,3281],{"class":80},[44,54773,2643],{"class":1675},[44,54775,2646],{"class":80},[44,54777,2649],{"class":1675},[44,54779,2646],{"class":80},[44,54781,2104],{"class":1675},[44,54783,3294],{"class":80},[44,54785,54786],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,54787,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,54789,54790,54792,54794],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,54791,7472],{"class":50},[44,54793,81],{"class":80},[44,54795,54796],{"class":1467},"clear\n",[44,54798,54799,54801,54803,54805],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,54800,95],{"class":94},[44,54802,98],{"class":80},[44,54804,7472],{"class":84},[44,54806,104],{"class":80},[20,54808,107],{},[35,54810,54812],{"className":37,"code":54811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54813,54814],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54815,54816,54818,54820,54822,54824,54826,54828],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54817,3561],{"class":80},[44,54819,2643],{"class":1675},[44,54821,2646],{"class":80},[44,54823,2649],{"class":1675},[44,54825,2646],{"class":80},[44,54827,2104],{"class":1675},[44,54829,3294],{"class":80},[20,54831,54832],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,54834,10467],{},[35,54836,54838],{"className":37,"code":54837,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54839,54840,54860,54864,54874],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54841,54842,54844,54846,54848,54850,54852,54854,54856,54858],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54843,7441],{"class":50},[44,54845,55],{"class":54},[44,54847,3281],{"class":80},[44,54849,2643],{"class":1675},[44,54851,2646],{"class":80},[44,54853,2649],{"class":1675},[44,54855,2646],{"class":80},[44,54857,2104],{"class":1675},[44,54859,3294],{"class":80},[44,54861,54862],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,54863,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,54865,54866,54868,54870,54872],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,54867,7472],{"class":50},[44,54869,81],{"class":80},[44,54871,11043],{"class":84},[44,54873,88],{"class":80},[44,54875,54876,54878,54880,54882,54884],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,54877,95],{"class":94},[44,54879,98],{"class":80},[44,54881,7472],{"class":84},[44,54883,3321],{"class":80},[44,54885,54067],{"class":3324},[267,54887,1246,54889,54891],{"id":54888},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,54890,10982],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,54893,54894,2049,54896,54898],{},[15,54895,10982],{},[15,54897,3439],{},", not the list.",[35,54900,54902],{"className":37,"code":54901,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,54903,54904,54924,54938,54942,54954],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54905,54906,54908,54910,54912,54914,54916,54918,54920,54922],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54907,7441],{"class":50},[44,54909,55],{"class":54},[44,54911,3281],{"class":80},[44,54913,2643],{"class":1675},[44,54915,2646],{"class":80},[44,54917,2649],{"class":1675},[44,54919,2646],{"class":80},[44,54921,2104],{"class":1675},[44,54923,3294],{"class":80},[44,54925,54926,54928,54930,54932,54934,54936],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,54927,1880],{"class":50},[44,54929,55],{"class":54},[44,54931,5631],{"class":50},[44,54933,81],{"class":80},[44,54935,11043],{"class":84},[44,54937,88],{"class":80},[44,54939,54940],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,54941,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,54943,54944,54946,54948,54950,54952],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,54945,95],{"class":94},[44,54947,98],{"class":80},[44,54949,1915],{"class":84},[44,54951,3321],{"class":80},[44,54953,20543],{"class":3324},[44,54955,54956,54958,54960,54962,54964],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,54957,95],{"class":94},[44,54959,98],{"class":80},[44,54961,7472],{"class":84},[44,54963,3321],{"class":80},[44,54965,54315],{"class":3324},[267,54967,675,54969,54971],{"id":54968},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,54970,10982],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,54973,54974,54975,54977],{},"Some types have a ",[15,54976,10982],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,54979,54980],{},"This will fail:",[35,54982,54984],{"className":37,"code":54983,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,54985,54986,54998],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54987,54988,54990,54992,54994,54996],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54989,51],{"class":50},[44,54991,55],{"class":54},[44,54993,59],{"class":58},[44,54995,986],{"class":62},[44,54997,66],{"class":58},[44,54999,55000,55002,55004,55006],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,55001,194],{"class":50},[44,55003,81],{"class":80},[44,55005,11043],{"class":84},[44,55007,88],{"class":80},[20,55009,55010,55011,33267],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55012,10982],{},[20,55014,55015,55016,55018],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55017,3439],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55020,55021],{},"Useful checks:",[35,55023,55025],{"className":37,"code":55024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55026,55027,55037,55051,55065,55074,55084],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55028,55029,55031,55033,55035],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55030,95],{"class":94},[44,55032,98],{"class":80},[44,55034,8000],{"class":84},[44,55036,104],{"class":80},[44,55038,55039,55041,55043,55045,55047,55049],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,55040,95],{"class":94},[44,55042,98],{"class":80},[44,55044,2880],{"class":1461},[44,55046,98],{"class":80},[44,55048,8000],{"class":84},[44,55050,370],{"class":80},[44,55052,55053,55055,55057,55059,55061,55063],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,55054,95],{"class":94},[44,55056,98],{"class":80},[44,55058,12312],{"class":94},[44,55060,98],{"class":80},[44,55062,8000],{"class":84},[44,55064,370],{"class":80},[44,55066,55067,55069,55071],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,55068,43211],{"class":50},[44,55070,55],{"class":54},[44,55072,55073],{"class":50}," my_list\n",[44,55075,55076,55078,55080,55082],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,55077,8000],{"class":50},[44,55079,81],{"class":80},[44,55081,11043],{"class":84},[44,55083,88],{"class":80},[44,55085,55086,55088,55090,55092],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,55087,95],{"class":94},[44,55089,98],{"class":80},[44,55091,30411],{"class":84},[44,55093,104],{"class":80},[20,55095,55096],{},"These can help you see:",[139,55098,55099,55102,55105],{},[142,55100,55101],{},"What the variable currently contains",[142,55103,55104],{},"Whether it is really a list",[142,55106,55107],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55109,55110,55111,81],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[243,55112,55113],{"href":53957},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[30,55115,1478],{"id":1477},[267,55117,1482,55119,55121],{"id":55118},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55120,54010],{}," delete the list?",[20,55123,55124],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[267,55126,1482,55128,55130],{"id":55127},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55129,54010],{}," return a new list?",[20,55132,55133,55134,55136],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55135,3439],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[267,55138,4842,55140,4057,55142,1520],{"id":55139},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55141,10982],{},[15,55143,54518],{},[20,55145,55146,55148,55149,55151],{},[15,55147,10982],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55150,54518],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[267,55153,27996,55155,55157],{"id":55154},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55156,10982],{}," on other types?",[20,55159,55160,55161,55163],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55162,10982],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[30,55165,1545],{"id":1544},[139,55167,55168,55172,55177,55184,55191,55197],{},[142,55169,55170],{},[243,55171,52433],{"href":54231},[142,55173,55174],{},[243,55175,55176],{"href":54728},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[142,55178,55179],{},[243,55180,55181,55182,1555],{"href":54740},"Python list ",[15,55183,12425],{},[142,55185,55186],{},[243,55187,55181,55188,1555],{"href":54733},[15,55189,55190],{},"remove()",[142,55192,55193],{},[243,55194,55181,55195,1555],{"href":54621},[15,55196,12439],{},[142,55198,55199],{},[243,55200,30015,55201,33300],{"href":53957},[15,55202,55203],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1577,55205,55206],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":55208},[55209,55210,55212,55213,55214,55215,55222,55223,55231,55241],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":54075,"depth":69,"text":55211},"What list.clear() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":11135,"depth":69,"text":11136},{"id":17083,"depth":69,"text":17084},{"id":54389,"depth":69,"text":55216,"children":55217},"clear() vs assigning []",[55218,55220],{"id":54427,"depth":91,"text":55219},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54515,"depth":91,"text":55221},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12100,"depth":69,"text":12471},{"id":4182,"depth":69,"text":4183,"children":55224},[55225,55227,55229],{"id":54748,"depth":91,"text":55226},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":54888,"depth":91,"text":55228},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":54968,"depth":91,"text":55230},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":55232},[55233,55235,55237,55239],{"id":55118,"depth":91,"text":55234},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55127,"depth":91,"text":55236},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55139,"depth":91,"text":55238},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55154,"depth":91,"text":55240},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":53997,"description":55242},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55249,"title":55250,"body":55251,"description":56936,"extension":1611,"meta":56937,"navigation":184,"path":56938,"seo":56939,"stem":56940,"__hash__":56941},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55252,"toc":56904},[55253,55258,55264,55272,55274,55363,55370,55375,55379,55393,55395,55472,55474,55535,55538,55540,55542,55563,55566,55580,55583,55628,55630,55638,55641,55647,55653,55656,55733,55735,55780,55783,55788,55871,55873,55914,55919,55923,55929,55931,55939,55942,56035,56037,56095,56098,56114,56119,56129,56134,56136,56141,56146,56149,56151,56208,56211,56264,56270,56275,56279,56296,56298,56382,56384,56425,56433,56435,56440,56446,56448,56511,56516,56586,56590,56625,56628,56630,56669,56673,56749,56755,56761,56766,56788,56791,56810,56818,56820,56826,56829,56836,56844,56849,56852,56856,56862,56870,56873,56875,56901],[10,55254,54003,55256,18],{"id":55255},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55257,12439],{},[20,55259,55260,55263],{},[15,55261,55262],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55265,55266,55267,828,55269,55271],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55268,55],{},[830,55270,832],{}," make a real copy.",[30,55273,1653],{"id":1652},[35,55275,55277],{"className":37,"code":55276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55278,55279,55299,55314,55318,55333,55337,55350],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55280,55281,55283,55285,55287,55289,55291,55293,55295,55297],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55282,3276],{"class":50},[44,55284,55],{"class":54},[44,55286,3281],{"class":80},[44,55288,2643],{"class":1675},[44,55290,2646],{"class":80},[44,55292,2649],{"class":1675},[44,55294,2646],{"class":80},[44,55296,2104],{"class":1675},[44,55298,3294],{"class":80},[44,55300,55301,55304,55306,55308,55310,55312],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,55302,55303],{"class":50},"new_numbers ",[44,55305,55],{"class":54},[44,55307,3926],{"class":50},[44,55309,81],{"class":80},[44,55311,12574],{"class":84},[44,55313,88],{"class":80},[44,55315,55316],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,55317,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,55319,55320,55323,55325,55327,55329,55331],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,55321,55322],{"class":50},"new_numbers",[44,55324,81],{"class":80},[44,55326,13216],{"class":84},[44,55328,98],{"class":80},[44,55330,2158],{"class":1675},[44,55332,104],{"class":80},[44,55334,55335],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,55336,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,55338,55339,55341,55343,55345,55347],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,55340,95],{"class":94},[44,55342,98],{"class":80},[44,55344,3308],{"class":84},[44,55346,3321],{"class":80},[44,55348,55349],{"class":3324},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[44,55351,55352,55354,55356,55358,55360],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,55353,95],{"class":94},[44,55355,98],{"class":80},[44,55357,55322],{"class":84},[44,55359,3321],{"class":80},[44,55361,55362],{"class":3324},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55364,119,55365,55367,55368,81],{},[15,55366,55262],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[830,55369,12513],{},[30,55371,126,55373,129],{"id":55372},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55374,55262],{},[20,55376,55377,2539],{},[15,55378,55262],{},[139,55380,55381,55384,55387,55390],{},[142,55382,55383],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[142,55385,55386],{},"Returns that new list",[142,55388,55389],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[142,55391,55392],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55394,161],{},[35,55396,55398],{"className":37,"code":55397,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55399,55400,55432,55447,55451,55461],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55401,55402,55404,55406,55408,55410,55412,55414,55416,55418,55420,55422,55424,55426,55428,55430],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55403,35904],{"class":50},[44,55405,55],{"class":54},[44,55407,3281],{"class":80},[44,55409,362],{"class":58},[44,55411,3741],{"class":62},[44,55413,362],{"class":58},[44,55415,2646],{"class":80},[44,55417,59],{"class":58},[44,55419,3750],{"class":62},[44,55421,362],{"class":58},[44,55423,2646],{"class":80},[44,55425,59],{"class":58},[44,55427,32887],{"class":62},[44,55429,362],{"class":58},[44,55431,3294],{"class":80},[44,55433,55434,55437,55439,55441,55443,55445],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,55435,55436],{"class":50},"copied_fruits ",[44,55438,55],{"class":54},[44,55440,52513],{"class":50},[44,55442,81],{"class":80},[44,55444,12574],{"class":84},[44,55446,88],{"class":80},[44,55448,55449],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,55450,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,55452,55453,55455,55457,55459],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,55454,95],{"class":94},[44,55456,98],{"class":80},[44,55458,35956],{"class":84},[44,55460,104],{"class":80},[44,55462,55463,55465,55467,55470],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,55464,95],{"class":94},[44,55466,98],{"class":80},[44,55468,55469],{"class":84},"copied_fruits",[44,55471,104],{"class":80},[20,55473,107],{},[35,55475,55477],{"className":37,"code":55476,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55478,55479,55507],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55480,55481,55483,55485,55487,55489,55491,55493,55495,55497,55499,55501,55503,55505],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55482,3561],{"class":80},[44,55484,655],{"class":58},[44,55486,3741],{"class":62},[44,55488,655],{"class":58},[44,55490,2646],{"class":80},[44,55492,2955],{"class":58},[44,55494,3750],{"class":62},[44,55496,655],{"class":58},[44,55498,2646],{"class":80},[44,55500,2955],{"class":58},[44,55502,32887],{"class":62},[44,55504,655],{"class":58},[44,55506,3294],{"class":80},[44,55508,55509,55511,55513,55515,55517,55519,55521,55523,55525,55527,55529,55531,55533],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,55510,3561],{"class":80},[44,55512,655],{"class":58},[44,55514,3741],{"class":62},[44,55516,655],{"class":58},[44,55518,2646],{"class":80},[44,55520,2955],{"class":58},[44,55522,3750],{"class":62},[44,55524,655],{"class":58},[44,55526,2646],{"class":80},[44,55528,2955],{"class":58},[44,55530,32887],{"class":62},[44,55532,655],{"class":58},[44,55534,3294],{"class":80},[20,55536,55537],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[30,55539,250],{"id":249},[20,55541,1812],{},[35,55543,55545],{"className":37,"code":55544,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55546,55547],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55548,55549,55552,55554,55557,55559,55561],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55550,55551],{"class":50},"new_list ",[44,55553,55],{"class":54},[44,55555,55556],{"class":50}," old_list",[44,55558,81],{"class":80},[44,55560,12574],{"class":84},[44,55562,88],{"class":80},[20,55564,55565],{},"How it works:",[139,55567,55568,55574,55577],{},[142,55569,55570,55571,55573],{},"Call ",[15,55572,12439],{}," on an existing list",[142,55575,55576],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[142,55578,55579],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,55581,55582],{},"Example with an empty list:",[35,55584,55586],{"className":37,"code":55585,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,55587,55588,55597,55613,55617],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55589,55590,55593,55595],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55591,55592],{"class":50},"empty_list ",[44,55594,55],{"class":54},[44,55596,7501],{"class":80},[44,55598,55599,55602,55604,55607,55609,55611],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,55600,55601],{"class":50},"new_empty_list ",[44,55603,55],{"class":54},[44,55605,55606],{"class":50}," empty_list",[44,55608,81],{"class":80},[44,55610,12574],{"class":84},[44,55612,88],{"class":80},[44,55614,55615],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,55616,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,55618,55619,55621,55623,55626],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,55620,95],{"class":94},[44,55622,98],{"class":80},[44,55624,55625],{"class":84},"new_empty_list",[44,55627,104],{"class":80},[20,55629,107],{},[35,55631,55632],{"className":37,"code":37963,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,55633,55634],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55635,55636],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55637,37963],{"class":80},[20,55639,55640],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[30,55642,55644,55645],{"id":55643},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,55646,55],{},[20,55648,675,55649,828,55651,52329],{},[15,55650,55],{},[830,55652,832],{},[20,55654,55655],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[35,55657,55659],{"className":37,"code":55658,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,55660,55661,55681,55690,55694,55709,55713,55723],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55662,55663,55665,55667,55669,55671,55673,55675,55677,55679],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55664,3276],{"class":50},[44,55666,55],{"class":54},[44,55668,3281],{"class":80},[44,55670,2643],{"class":1675},[44,55672,2646],{"class":80},[44,55674,2649],{"class":1675},[44,55676,2646],{"class":80},[44,55678,2104],{"class":1675},[44,55680,3294],{"class":80},[44,55682,55683,55686,55688],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,55684,55685],{"class":50},"same_list ",[44,55687,55],{"class":54},[44,55689,43644],{"class":50},[44,55691,55692],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,55693,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,55695,55696,55699,55701,55703,55705,55707],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,55697,55698],{"class":50},"same_list",[44,55700,81],{"class":80},[44,55702,13216],{"class":84},[44,55704,98],{"class":80},[44,55706,2158],{"class":1675},[44,55708,104],{"class":80},[44,55710,55711],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,55712,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,55714,55715,55717,55719,55721],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,55716,95],{"class":94},[44,55718,98],{"class":80},[44,55720,3308],{"class":84},[44,55722,104],{"class":80},[44,55724,55725,55727,55729,55731],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,55726,95],{"class":94},[44,55728,98],{"class":80},[44,55730,55698],{"class":84},[44,55732,104],{"class":80},[20,55734,107],{},[35,55736,55738],{"className":37,"code":55737,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55739,55740,55760],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55741,55742,55744,55746,55748,55750,55752,55754,55756,55758],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55743,3561],{"class":80},[44,55745,2643],{"class":1675},[44,55747,2646],{"class":80},[44,55749,2649],{"class":1675},[44,55751,2646],{"class":80},[44,55753,2104],{"class":1675},[44,55755,2646],{"class":80},[44,55757,2110],{"class":1675},[44,55759,3294],{"class":80},[44,55761,55762,55764,55766,55768,55770,55772,55774,55776,55778],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,55763,3561],{"class":80},[44,55765,2643],{"class":1675},[44,55767,2646],{"class":80},[44,55769,2649],{"class":1675},[44,55771,2646],{"class":80},[44,55773,2104],{"class":1675},[44,55775,2646],{"class":80},[44,55777,2110],{"class":1675},[44,55779,3294],{"class":80},[20,55781,55782],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,55784,55785,55786,2539],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,55787,12439],{},[35,55789,55791],{"className":37,"code":55790,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,55792,55793,55813,55828,55832,55847,55851,55861],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55794,55795,55797,55799,55801,55803,55805,55807,55809,55811],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55796,3276],{"class":50},[44,55798,55],{"class":54},[44,55800,3281],{"class":80},[44,55802,2643],{"class":1675},[44,55804,2646],{"class":80},[44,55806,2649],{"class":1675},[44,55808,2646],{"class":80},[44,55810,2104],{"class":1675},[44,55812,3294],{"class":80},[44,55814,55815,55818,55820,55822,55824,55826],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,55816,55817],{"class":50},"copied_numbers ",[44,55819,55],{"class":54},[44,55821,3926],{"class":50},[44,55823,81],{"class":80},[44,55825,12574],{"class":84},[44,55827,88],{"class":80},[44,55829,55830],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,55831,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,55833,55834,55837,55839,55841,55843,55845],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,55835,55836],{"class":50},"copied_numbers",[44,55838,81],{"class":80},[44,55840,13216],{"class":84},[44,55842,98],{"class":80},[44,55844,2158],{"class":1675},[44,55846,104],{"class":80},[44,55848,55849],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,55850,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,55852,55853,55855,55857,55859],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,55854,95],{"class":94},[44,55856,98],{"class":80},[44,55858,3308],{"class":84},[44,55860,104],{"class":80},[44,55862,55863,55865,55867,55869],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,55864,95],{"class":94},[44,55866,98],{"class":80},[44,55868,55836],{"class":84},[44,55870,104],{"class":80},[20,55872,107],{},[35,55874,55876],{"className":37,"code":55875,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55877,55878,55894],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55879,55880,55882,55884,55886,55888,55890,55892],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55881,3561],{"class":80},[44,55883,2643],{"class":1675},[44,55885,2646],{"class":80},[44,55887,2649],{"class":1675},[44,55889,2646],{"class":80},[44,55891,2104],{"class":1675},[44,55893,3294],{"class":80},[44,55895,55896,55898,55900,55902,55904,55906,55908,55910,55912],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,55897,3561],{"class":80},[44,55899,2643],{"class":1675},[44,55901,2646],{"class":80},[44,55903,2649],{"class":1675},[44,55905,2646],{"class":80},[44,55907,2104],{"class":1675},[44,55909,2646],{"class":80},[44,55911,2110],{"class":1675},[44,55913,3294],{"class":80},[20,55915,55916,55917,81],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[243,55918,52433],{"href":50641},[30,55920,55922],{"id":55921},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,55924,55925,12510,55927,81],{},[15,55926,55262],{},[830,55928,12513],{},[20,55930,1759],{},[139,55932,55933,55936],{},[142,55934,55935],{},"The outer list is new",[142,55937,55938],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,55940,55941],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[35,55943,55945],{"className":37,"code":55944,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,55946,55947,55974,55988,55992,56011,56015,56025],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55948,55949,55951,55953,55956,55958,55960,55962,55964,55966,55968,55970,55972],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55950,11748],{"class":50},[44,55952,55],{"class":54},[44,55954,55955],{"class":80}," [[",[44,55957,2643],{"class":1675},[44,55959,2646],{"class":80},[44,55961,2649],{"class":1675},[44,55963,17728],{"class":80},[44,55965,3281],{"class":80},[44,55967,1714],{"class":1675},[44,55969,2646],{"class":80},[44,55971,2110],{"class":1675},[44,55973,52904],{"class":80},[44,55975,55976,55978,55980,55982,55984,55986],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,55977,13974],{"class":50},[44,55979,55],{"class":54},[44,55981,11823],{"class":50},[44,55983,81],{"class":80},[44,55985,12574],{"class":84},[44,55987,88],{"class":80},[44,55989,55990],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,55991,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,55993,55994,55996,55998,56000,56002,56004,56006,56009],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,55995,13993],{"class":50},[44,55997,3561],{"class":80},[44,55999,1772],{"class":1675},[44,56001,13213],{"class":80},[44,56003,13216],{"class":84},[44,56005,98],{"class":80},[44,56007,56008],{"class":1675},"99",[44,56010,104],{"class":80},[44,56012,56013],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,56014,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,56016,56017,56019,56021,56023],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,56018,95],{"class":94},[44,56020,98],{"class":80},[44,56022,11795],{"class":84},[44,56024,104],{"class":80},[44,56026,56027,56029,56031,56033],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,56028,95],{"class":94},[44,56030,98],{"class":80},[44,56032,13993],{"class":84},[44,56034,104],{"class":80},[20,56036,107],{},[35,56038,56040],{"className":37,"code":56039,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56041,56042,56069],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56043,56044,56047,56049,56051,56053,56055,56057,56059,56061,56063,56065,56067],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56045,56046],{"class":80},"[[",[44,56048,2643],{"class":1675},[44,56050,2646],{"class":80},[44,56052,2649],{"class":1675},[44,56054,2646],{"class":80},[44,56056,9857],{"class":1675},[44,56058,17728],{"class":80},[44,56060,3281],{"class":80},[44,56062,1714],{"class":1675},[44,56064,2646],{"class":80},[44,56066,2110],{"class":1675},[44,56068,52904],{"class":80},[44,56070,56071,56073,56075,56077,56079,56081,56083,56085,56087,56089,56091,56093],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,56072,56046],{"class":80},[44,56074,2643],{"class":1675},[44,56076,2646],{"class":80},[44,56078,2649],{"class":1675},[44,56080,2646],{"class":80},[44,56082,9857],{"class":1675},[44,56084,17728],{"class":80},[44,56086,3281],{"class":80},[44,56088,1714],{"class":1675},[44,56090,2646],{"class":80},[44,56092,2110],{"class":1675},[44,56094,52904],{"class":80},[20,56096,56097],{},"Why did both change?",[139,56099,56100,56107],{},[142,56101,56102,4057,56104,56106],{},[15,56103,11795],{},[15,56105,13993],{}," are different outer lists",[142,56108,56109,56110,56113],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56111,56112],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56115,1114,56116,56118],{},[15,56117,12439],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[139,56120,56121,56124,56127],{},[142,56122,56123],{},"Numbers",[142,56125,56126],{},"Strings",[142,56128,40262],{},[20,56130,56131,56132,81],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[243,56133,13454],{"href":13453},[30,56135,17084],{"id":17083},[20,56137,56138,56140],{},[15,56139,55262],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56142,40573,56143,56145],{},[830,56144,832],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56147,56148],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56150,16320],{},[35,56152,56154],{"className":37,"code":56153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56155,56156,56180,56194,56198],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56157,56158,56160,56162,56164,56166,56168,56170,56172,56174,56176,56178],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56159,12738],{"class":50},[44,56161,55],{"class":54},[44,56163,3281],{"class":80},[44,56165,362],{"class":58},[44,56167,12755],{"class":62},[44,56169,362],{"class":58},[44,56171,2646],{"class":80},[44,56173,59],{"class":58},[44,56175,12772],{"class":62},[44,56177,362],{"class":58},[44,56179,3294],{"class":80},[44,56181,56182,56184,56186,56188,56190,56192],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,56183,12781],{"class":50},[44,56185,55],{"class":54},[44,56187,12786],{"class":50},[44,56189,81],{"class":80},[44,56191,12574],{"class":84},[44,56193,88],{"class":80},[44,56195,56196],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,56197,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,56199,56200,56202,56204,56206],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,56201,95],{"class":94},[44,56203,98],{"class":80},[44,56205,12805],{"class":84},[44,56207,104],{"class":80},[20,56209,56210],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[35,56212,56214],{"className":37,"code":56213,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56215,56216,56240,56250,56254],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56217,56218,56220,56222,56224,56226,56228,56230,56232,56234,56236,56238],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56219,12738],{"class":50},[44,56221,55],{"class":54},[44,56223,3281],{"class":80},[44,56225,362],{"class":58},[44,56227,12755],{"class":62},[44,56229,362],{"class":58},[44,56231,2646],{"class":80},[44,56233,59],{"class":58},[44,56235,12772],{"class":62},[44,56237,362],{"class":58},[44,56239,3294],{"class":80},[44,56241,56242,56244,56246,56248],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,56243,17168],{"class":50},[44,56245,81],{"class":80},[44,56247,12574],{"class":84},[44,56249,88],{"class":80},[44,56251,56252],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,56253,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,56255,56256,56258,56260,56262],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,56257,95],{"class":94},[44,56259,98],{"class":80},[44,56261,17168],{"class":84},[44,56263,104],{"class":80},[20,56265,56266,56267,56269],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56268,12439],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[30,56271,1133,56273],{"id":56272},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56274,55262],{},[20,56276,119,56277,10261],{},[15,56278,55262],{},[139,56280,56281,56284,56287,56290],{},[142,56282,56283],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[142,56285,56286],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[142,56288,56289],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[142,56291,56292,56293],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56294,56295],{},"[:]",[20,56297,161],{},[35,56299,56301],{"className":37,"code":56300,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56302,56303,56323,56338,56342,56357,56361,56371],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56304,56305,56307,56309,56311,56313,56315,56317,56319,56321],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56306,4726],{"class":50},[44,56308,55],{"class":54},[44,56310,3281],{"class":80},[44,56312,1982],{"class":1675},[44,56314,2646],{"class":80},[44,56316,7452],{"class":1675},[44,56318,2646],{"class":80},[44,56320,7457],{"class":1675},[44,56322,3294],{"class":80},[44,56324,56325,56328,56330,56332,56334,56336],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,56326,56327],{"class":50},"backup_scores ",[44,56329,55],{"class":54},[44,56331,4773],{"class":50},[44,56333,81],{"class":80},[44,56335,12574],{"class":84},[44,56337,88],{"class":80},[44,56339,56340],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,56341,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,56343,56344,56346,56348,56350,56352,56355],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,56345,16053],{"class":50},[44,56347,81],{"class":80},[44,56349,13216],{"class":84},[44,56351,98],{"class":80},[44,56353,56354],{"class":1675},"40",[44,56356,104],{"class":80},[44,56358,56359],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,56360,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,56362,56363,56365,56367,56369],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,56364,95],{"class":94},[44,56366,98],{"class":80},[44,56368,16053],{"class":84},[44,56370,104],{"class":80},[44,56372,56373,56375,56377,56380],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,56374,95],{"class":94},[44,56376,98],{"class":80},[44,56378,56379],{"class":84},"backup_scores",[44,56381,104],{"class":80},[20,56383,107],{},[35,56385,56387],{"className":37,"code":56386,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56388,56389,56409],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56390,56391,56393,56395,56397,56399,56401,56403,56405,56407],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56392,3561],{"class":80},[44,56394,1982],{"class":1675},[44,56396,2646],{"class":80},[44,56398,7452],{"class":1675},[44,56400,2646],{"class":80},[44,56402,7457],{"class":1675},[44,56404,2646],{"class":80},[44,56406,50506],{"class":1675},[44,56408,3294],{"class":80},[44,56410,56411,56413,56415,56417,56419,56421,56423],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,56412,3561],{"class":80},[44,56414,1982],{"class":1675},[44,56416,2646],{"class":80},[44,56418,7452],{"class":1675},[44,56420,2646],{"class":80},[44,56422,7457],{"class":1675},[44,56424,3294],{"class":80},[20,56426,56427,56428,81],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[243,56429,55181,56431,1555],{"href":56430},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56432,52314],{},[30,56434,4183],{"id":4182},[20,56436,56437,56438,81],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56439,55262],{},[267,56441,675,56443,56445],{"id":56442},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56444,55],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56447,38865],{},[35,56449,56451],{"className":37,"code":56450,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56452,56453,56473,56481,56495,56499],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56454,56455,56457,56459,56461,56463,56465,56467,56469,56471],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56456,2208],{"class":50},[44,56458,55],{"class":54},[44,56460,3281],{"class":80},[44,56462,2643],{"class":1675},[44,56464,2646],{"class":80},[44,56466,2649],{"class":1675},[44,56468,2646],{"class":80},[44,56470,2104],{"class":1675},[44,56472,3294],{"class":80},[44,56474,56475,56477,56479],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,56476,2236],{"class":50},[44,56478,55],{"class":54},[44,56480,35840],{"class":50},[44,56482,56483,56485,56487,56489,56491,56493],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,56484,842],{"class":50},[44,56486,81],{"class":80},[44,56488,13216],{"class":84},[44,56490,98],{"class":80},[44,56492,2158],{"class":1675},[44,56494,104],{"class":80},[44,56496,56497],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,56498,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,56500,56501,56503,56505,56507,56509],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,56502,95],{"class":94},[44,56504,98],{"class":80},[44,56506,243],{"class":84},[44,56508,3321],{"class":80},[44,56510,55362],{"class":3324},[20,56512,56513,56514,860],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56515,12439],{},[35,56517,56519],{"className":37,"code":56518,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56520,56521,56541,56556,56570,56574],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56522,56523,56525,56527,56529,56531,56533,56535,56537,56539],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56524,2208],{"class":50},[44,56526,55],{"class":54},[44,56528,3281],{"class":80},[44,56530,2643],{"class":1675},[44,56532,2646],{"class":80},[44,56534,2649],{"class":1675},[44,56536,2646],{"class":80},[44,56538,2104],{"class":1675},[44,56540,3294],{"class":80},[44,56542,56543,56545,56547,56550,56552,56554],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,56544,2236],{"class":50},[44,56546,55],{"class":54},[44,56548,56549],{"class":50}," a",[44,56551,81],{"class":80},[44,56553,12574],{"class":84},[44,56555,88],{"class":80},[44,56557,56558,56560,56562,56564,56566,56568],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,56559,842],{"class":50},[44,56561,81],{"class":80},[44,56563,13216],{"class":84},[44,56565,98],{"class":80},[44,56567,2158],{"class":1675},[44,56569,104],{"class":80},[44,56571,56572],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,56573,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,56575,56576,56578,56580,56582,56584],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,56577,95],{"class":94},[44,56579,98],{"class":80},[44,56581,243],{"class":84},[44,56583,3321],{"class":80},[44,56585,54593],{"class":3324},[267,56587,56589],{"id":56588},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[35,56591,56593],{"className":37,"code":56592,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,56594,56595,56615],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56596,56597,56599,56601,56603,56605,56607,56609,56611,56613],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56598,3276],{"class":50},[44,56600,55],{"class":54},[44,56602,3281],{"class":80},[44,56604,2643],{"class":1675},[44,56606,2646],{"class":80},[44,56608,2649],{"class":1675},[44,56610,2646],{"class":80},[44,56612,2104],{"class":1675},[44,56614,3294],{"class":80},[44,56616,56617,56619,56621,56623],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,56618,3308],{"class":50},[44,56620,81],{"class":80},[44,56622,12574],{"class":84},[44,56624,88],{"class":80},[20,56626,56627],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,56629,38928],{},[35,56631,56633],{"className":37,"code":56632,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,56634,56635,56655],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56636,56637,56639,56641,56643,56645,56647,56649,56651,56653],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56638,3276],{"class":50},[44,56640,55],{"class":54},[44,56642,3281],{"class":80},[44,56644,2643],{"class":1675},[44,56646,2646],{"class":80},[44,56648,2649],{"class":1675},[44,56650,2646],{"class":80},[44,56652,2104],{"class":1675},[44,56654,3294],{"class":80},[44,56656,56657,56659,56661,56663,56665,56667],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,56658,55817],{"class":50},[44,56660,55],{"class":54},[44,56662,3926],{"class":50},[44,56664,81],{"class":80},[44,56666,12574],{"class":84},[44,56668,88],{"class":80},[267,56670,56672],{"id":56671},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[35,56674,56676],{"className":37,"code":56675,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,56677,56678,56696,56710,56714,56732,56736],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56679,56680,56682,56684,56686,56688,56690,56692,56694],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56681,2208],{"class":50},[44,56683,55],{"class":54},[44,56685,55955],{"class":80},[44,56687,2643],{"class":1675},[44,56689,17728],{"class":80},[44,56691,3281],{"class":80},[44,56693,1708],{"class":1675},[44,56695,52904],{"class":80},[44,56697,56698,56700,56702,56704,56706,56708],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,56699,2236],{"class":50},[44,56701,55],{"class":54},[44,56703,56549],{"class":50},[44,56705,81],{"class":80},[44,56707,12574],{"class":84},[44,56709,88],{"class":80},[44,56711,56712],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,56713,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,56715,56716,56718,56720,56722,56724,56726,56728,56730],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,56717,842],{"class":50},[44,56719,3561],{"class":80},[44,56721,1772],{"class":1675},[44,56723,13213],{"class":80},[44,56725,13216],{"class":84},[44,56727,98],{"class":80},[44,56729,56008],{"class":1675},[44,56731,104],{"class":80},[44,56733,56734],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,56735,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,56737,56738,56740,56742,56744,56746],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,56739,95],{"class":94},[44,56741,98],{"class":80},[44,56743,243],{"class":84},[44,56745,3321],{"class":80},[44,56747,56748],{"class":3324},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,56750,56751,56752,56754],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,56753,55262],{}," is shallow.",[267,56756,25284,56758,56760],{"id":56757},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,56759,12439],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,56762,56763,56765],{},[15,56764,12439],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[35,56767,56769],{"className":37,"code":56768,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,56770,56771,56783],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56772,56773,56775,56777,56779,56781],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56774,284],{"class":50},[44,56776,55],{"class":54},[44,56778,59],{"class":58},[44,56780,4666],{"class":62},[44,56782,66],{"class":58},[44,56784,56785],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,56786,56787],{"class":3324},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,56789,56790],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[35,56792,56794],{"className":37,"code":56793,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(name))\n",[15,56795,56796],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56797,56798,56800,56802,56804,56806,56808],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56799,95],{"class":94},[44,56801,98],{"class":80},[44,56803,2880],{"class":1461},[44,56805,98],{"class":80},[44,56807,302],{"class":84},[44,56809,370],{"class":80},[20,56811,56812,56813,56817],{},"You can also review ",[243,56814,56816],{"href":56815},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[30,56819,1478],{"id":1477},[267,56821,1482,56823,56825],{"id":56822},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,56824,55262],{}," change the original list?",[20,56827,56828],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[267,56830,4842,56832,4057,56834,1520],{"id":56831},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,56833,55262],{},[15,56835,55],{},[20,56837,56838,56840,56841,56843],{},[15,56839,12439],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,56842,55],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[267,56845,14566,56847,14569],{"id":56846},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,56848,55262],{},[20,56850,56851],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[267,56853,56855],{"id":56854},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,56857,41816,56858,56861],{},[15,56859,56860],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[267,56863,14566,56865,56867,56868,1520],{"id":56864},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,56866,55262],{}," the same as ",[15,56869,56295],{},[20,56871,56872],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[30,56874,1545],{"id":1544},[139,56876,56877,56882,56886,56891,56897],{},[142,56878,56879],{},[243,56880,14628],{"href":56881},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[142,56883,56884],{},[243,56885,52433],{"href":50641},[142,56887,56888],{},[243,56889,56890],{"href":56815},"Creating a list in Python",[142,56892,56893],{},[243,56894,55181,56895,1555],{"href":56430},[15,56896,52314],{},[142,56898,56899],{},[243,56900,13454],{"href":13453},[1577,56902,56903],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":56905},[56906,56907,56909,56910,56912,56913,56914,56916,56924,56935],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":55372,"depth":69,"text":56908},"What list.copy() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":55643,"depth":69,"text":56911},"Why not use =",{"id":55921,"depth":69,"text":55922},{"id":17083,"depth":69,"text":17084},{"id":56272,"depth":69,"text":56915},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4182,"depth":69,"text":4183,"children":56917},[56918,56920,56921,56922],{"id":56442,"depth":91,"text":56919},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56588,"depth":91,"text":56589},{"id":56671,"depth":91,"text":56672},{"id":56757,"depth":91,"text":56923},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":56925},[56926,56928,56930,56932,56933],{"id":56822,"depth":91,"text":56927},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":56831,"depth":91,"text":56929},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":56846,"depth":91,"text":56931},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":56854,"depth":91,"text":56855},{"id":56864,"depth":91,"text":56934},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55250,"description":56936},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":56943,"title":56944,"body":56945,"description":58687,"extension":1611,"meta":58688,"navigation":184,"path":58689,"seo":58690,"stem":58691,"__hash__":58692},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":56946,"toc":58646},[56947,56953,56959,56962,56973,56976,56978,57041,57047,57052,57056,57070,57073,57078,57083,57085,57087,57106,57118,57120,57187,57189,57197,57202,57204,57212,57215,57232,57234,57358,57369,57373,57378,57381,57383,57401,57405,57491,57500,57508,57577,57579,57582,57594,57599,57603,57674,57677,57681,57685,57750,57752,57760,57764,57847,57849,57857,57861,57922,57924,57932,57936,58023,58025,58033,58038,58043,58046,58057,58059,58144,58149,58158,58160,58164,58168,58173,58235,58239,58247,58253,58262,58267,58316,58319,58340,58344,58406,58413,58418,58421,58508,58511,58522,58525,58545,58547,58553,58556,58560,58564,58570,58573,58579,58586,58594,58605,58607,58643],[10,56948,54003,56950,18],{"id":56949},"python-list-count-method",[15,56951,56952],{},"count()",[20,56954,56955,56958],{},[15,56956,56957],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,56960,56961],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[139,56963,56964,56967,56970],{},[142,56965,56966],{},"count one specific item",[142,56968,56969],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[142,56971,56972],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,56974,56975],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[30,56977,33],{"id":32},[35,56979,56981],{"className":37,"code":56980,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,56982,56983,57011,57029],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56984,56985,56987,56989,56991,56993,56995,56997,56999,57001,57003,57005,57007,57009],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56986,3276],{"class":50},[44,56988,55],{"class":54},[44,56990,3281],{"class":80},[44,56992,2643],{"class":1675},[44,56994,2646],{"class":80},[44,56996,2649],{"class":1675},[44,56998,2646],{"class":80},[44,57000,2649],{"class":1675},[44,57002,2646],{"class":80},[44,57004,2104],{"class":1675},[44,57006,2646],{"class":80},[44,57008,2649],{"class":1675},[44,57010,3294],{"class":80},[44,57012,57013,57015,57017,57019,57021,57023,57025,57027],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,57014,1880],{"class":50},[44,57016,55],{"class":54},[44,57018,3926],{"class":50},[44,57020,81],{"class":80},[44,57022,40927],{"class":84},[44,57024,98],{"class":80},[44,57026,1708],{"class":1675},[44,57028,104],{"class":80},[44,57030,57031,57033,57035,57037,57039],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,57032,95],{"class":94},[44,57034,98],{"class":80},[44,57036,1915],{"class":84},[44,57038,3321],{"class":80},[44,57040,50433],{"class":3324},[20,57042,119,57043,57046],{},[15,57044,57045],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[30,57048,126,57050,129],{"id":57049},"what-listcount-does",[15,57051,56957],{},[20,57053,57054,2539],{},[15,57055,56957],{},[139,57057,57058,57061,57064,57067],{},[142,57059,57060],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[142,57062,57063],{},"returns an integer",[142,57065,57066],{},"does not change the original list",[142,57068,57069],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57071,57072],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57074,57075,57076,81],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57077,1714],{},[20,57079,57080,57081,81],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57082,1772],{},[30,57084,250],{"id":249},[20,57086,1812],{},[35,57088,57090],{"className":37,"code":57089,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57091,57092],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57093,57094,57096,57098,57100,57102,57104],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57095,8000],{"class":50},[44,57097,81],{"class":80},[44,57099,40927],{"class":84},[44,57101,98],{"class":80},[44,57103,2126],{"class":84},[44,57105,104],{"class":80},[139,57107,57108,57113],{},[142,57109,57110,57112],{},[15,57111,8000],{}," is the list you want to search",[142,57114,57115,57117],{},[15,57116,2126],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57119,161],{},[35,57121,57123],{"className":37,"code":57122,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57124,57125,57165],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57126,57127,57129,57131,57133,57135,57137,57139,57141,57143,57145,57147,57149,57151,57153,57155,57157,57159,57161,57163],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57128,35755],{"class":50},[44,57130,55],{"class":54},[44,57132,3281],{"class":80},[44,57134,362],{"class":58},[44,57136,243],{"class":62},[44,57138,362],{"class":58},[44,57140,2646],{"class":80},[44,57142,59],{"class":58},[44,57144,842],{"class":62},[44,57146,362],{"class":58},[44,57148,2646],{"class":80},[44,57150,59],{"class":58},[44,57152,243],{"class":62},[44,57154,362],{"class":58},[44,57156,2646],{"class":80},[44,57158,59],{"class":58},[44,57160,846],{"class":62},[44,57162,362],{"class":58},[44,57164,3294],{"class":80},[44,57166,57167,57169,57171,57173,57175,57177,57179,57181,57183,57185],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,57168,95],{"class":94},[44,57170,98],{"class":80},[44,57172,35808],{"class":84},[44,57174,81],{"class":80},[44,57176,40927],{"class":84},[44,57178,98],{"class":80},[44,57180,362],{"class":58},[44,57182,243],{"class":62},[44,57184,362],{"class":58},[44,57186,370],{"class":80},[20,57188,107],{},[35,57190,57191],{"className":37,"code":16721,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,57192,57193],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57194,57195],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57196,16721],{"class":1675},[20,57198,57199,57200,81],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57201,1772],{},[30,57203,37686],{"id":37685},[20,57205,57206,57207,57209,57210,81],{},"The return value from ",[15,57208,56952],{}," is always an ",[15,57211,1840],{},[20,57213,57214],{},"Possible results:",[139,57216,57217,57222,57227],{},[142,57218,57219,57221],{},[15,57220,1772],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[142,57223,57224,57226],{},[15,57225,2643],{}," if it appears once",[142,57228,57229,57231],{},[15,57230,1708],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57233,161],{},[35,57235,57237],{"className":37,"code":57236,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57238,57239,57279,57283,57308,57333],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57240,57241,57243,57245,57247,57249,57251,57253,57255,57257,57259,57261,57263,57265,57267,57269,57271,57273,57275,57277],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57242,12738],{"class":50},[44,57244,55],{"class":54},[44,57246,3281],{"class":80},[44,57248,362],{"class":58},[44,57250,12755],{"class":62},[44,57252,362],{"class":58},[44,57254,2646],{"class":80},[44,57256,59],{"class":58},[44,57258,12772],{"class":62},[44,57260,362],{"class":58},[44,57262,2646],{"class":80},[44,57264,59],{"class":58},[44,57266,17121],{"class":62},[44,57268,362],{"class":58},[44,57270,2646],{"class":80},[44,57272,59],{"class":58},[44,57274,12772],{"class":62},[44,57276,362],{"class":58},[44,57278,3294],{"class":80},[44,57280,57281],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,57282,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,57284,57285,57287,57289,57291,57293,57295,57297,57299,57301,57303,57305],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,57286,95],{"class":94},[44,57288,98],{"class":80},[44,57290,17168],{"class":84},[44,57292,81],{"class":80},[44,57294,40927],{"class":84},[44,57296,98],{"class":80},[44,57298,362],{"class":58},[44,57300,12772],{"class":62},[44,57302,362],{"class":58},[44,57304,5025],{"class":80},[44,57306,57307],{"class":3324},"   # 2\n",[44,57309,57310,57312,57314,57316,57318,57320,57322,57324,57326,57328,57330],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,57311,95],{"class":94},[44,57313,98],{"class":80},[44,57315,17168],{"class":84},[44,57317,81],{"class":80},[44,57319,40927],{"class":84},[44,57321,98],{"class":80},[44,57323,362],{"class":58},[44,57325,12755],{"class":62},[44,57327,362],{"class":58},[44,57329,5025],{"class":80},[44,57331,57332],{"class":3324},"    # 1\n",[44,57334,57335,57337,57339,57341,57343,57345,57347,57349,57351,57353,57355],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,57336,95],{"class":94},[44,57338,98],{"class":80},[44,57340,17168],{"class":84},[44,57342,81],{"class":80},[44,57344,40927],{"class":84},[44,57346,98],{"class":80},[44,57348,362],{"class":58},[44,57350,22191],{"class":62},[44,57352,362],{"class":58},[44,57354,5025],{"class":80},[44,57356,57357],{"class":3324}," # 0\n",[20,57359,57360,57361,57363,57364,57366,57367,81],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57362,56952],{}," works, but using ",[15,57365,3544],{}," is often simpler. See ",[243,57368,5864],{"href":5863},[30,57370,57372],{"id":57371},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57374,57375,57377],{},[15,57376,56957],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57379,57380],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57382,43312],{},[139,57384,57385,57388,57391,57398],{},[142,57386,57387],{},"matches are based on equality",[142,57389,57390],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[142,57392,57393,4057,57395,57397],{},[15,57394,2643],{},[15,57396,3263],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[142,57399,57400],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[267,57402,57404],{"id":57403},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[35,57406,57408],{"className":37,"code":57407,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57409,57410,57443,57467],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57411,57412,57414,57416,57418,57420,57422,57424,57426,57428,57431,57433,57435,57437,57439,57441],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57413,3732],{"class":50},[44,57415,55],{"class":54},[44,57417,3281],{"class":80},[44,57419,362],{"class":58},[44,57421,3741],{"class":62},[44,57423,362],{"class":58},[44,57425,2646],{"class":80},[44,57427,59],{"class":58},[44,57429,57430],{"class":62},"Apple",[44,57432,362],{"class":58},[44,57434,2646],{"class":80},[44,57436,59],{"class":58},[44,57438,3741],{"class":62},[44,57440,362],{"class":58},[44,57442,3294],{"class":80},[44,57444,57445,57447,57449,57451,57453,57455,57457,57459,57461,57463,57465],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,57446,95],{"class":94},[44,57448,98],{"class":80},[44,57450,3776],{"class":84},[44,57452,81],{"class":80},[44,57454,40927],{"class":84},[44,57456,98],{"class":80},[44,57458,362],{"class":58},[44,57460,3741],{"class":62},[44,57462,362],{"class":58},[44,57464,5025],{"class":80},[44,57466,51077],{"class":3324},[44,57468,57469,57471,57473,57475,57477,57479,57481,57483,57485,57487,57489],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,57470,95],{"class":94},[44,57472,98],{"class":80},[44,57474,3776],{"class":84},[44,57476,81],{"class":80},[44,57478,40927],{"class":84},[44,57480,98],{"class":80},[44,57482,362],{"class":58},[44,57484,57430],{"class":62},[44,57486,362],{"class":58},[44,57488,5025],{"class":80},[44,57490,27447],{"class":3324},[20,57492,57493,4057,57496,57499],{},[15,57494,57495],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57497,57498],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[267,57501,57503,4057,57505,57507],{"id":57502},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57504,2643],{},[15,57506,3263],{}," can match",[35,57509,57511],{"className":37,"code":57510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57512,57513,57537,57557],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57514,57515,57517,57519,57521,57523,57525,57527,57529,57531,57533,57535],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57516,3484],{"class":50},[44,57518,55],{"class":54},[44,57520,3281],{"class":80},[44,57522,2643],{"class":1675},[44,57524,2646],{"class":80},[44,57526,3577],{"class":3513},[44,57528,2646],{"class":80},[44,57530,2649],{"class":1675},[44,57532,2646],{"class":80},[44,57534,5162],{"class":1675},[44,57536,3294],{"class":80},[44,57538,57539,57541,57543,57545,57547,57549,57551,57553,57555],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,57540,95],{"class":94},[44,57542,98],{"class":80},[44,57544,5022],{"class":84},[44,57546,81],{"class":80},[44,57548,40927],{"class":84},[44,57550,98],{"class":80},[44,57552,2643],{"class":1675},[44,57554,5025],{"class":80},[44,57556,50581],{"class":3324},[44,57558,57559,57561,57563,57565,57567,57569,57571,57573,57575],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,57560,95],{"class":94},[44,57562,98],{"class":80},[44,57564,5022],{"class":84},[44,57566,81],{"class":80},[44,57568,40927],{"class":84},[44,57570,98],{"class":80},[44,57572,3263],{"class":3513},[44,57574,5025],{"class":80},[44,57576,50433],{"class":3324},[20,57578,4074],{},[20,57580,57581],{},"In Python:",[139,57583,57584,57589],{},[142,57585,57586],{},[15,57587,57588],{},"True == 1",[142,57590,57591],{},[15,57592,57593],{},"False == 0",[20,57595,1114,57596,57598],{},[15,57597,56952],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[267,57600,57602],{"id":57601},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[35,57604,57606],{"className":37,"code":57605,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,57607,57608,57650],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57609,57610,57612,57614,57616,57618,57620,57622,57624,57626,57628,57630,57632,57634,57636,57638,57640,57642,57644,57646,57648],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57611,7441],{"class":50},[44,57613,55],{"class":54},[44,57615,55955],{"class":80},[44,57617,2643],{"class":1675},[44,57619,2646],{"class":80},[44,57621,2649],{"class":1675},[44,57623,17728],{"class":80},[44,57625,3281],{"class":80},[44,57627,1714],{"class":1675},[44,57629,2646],{"class":80},[44,57631,2110],{"class":1675},[44,57633,17728],{"class":80},[44,57635,3281],{"class":80},[44,57637,2643],{"class":1675},[44,57639,2646],{"class":80},[44,57641,2649],{"class":1675},[44,57643,17728],{"class":80},[44,57645,3281],{"class":80},[44,57647,2643],{"class":1675},[44,57649,52904],{"class":80},[44,57651,57652,57654,57656,57658,57660,57662,57664,57666,57668,57670,57672],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,57653,95],{"class":94},[44,57655,98],{"class":80},[44,57657,7472],{"class":84},[44,57659,81],{"class":80},[44,57661,40927],{"class":84},[44,57663,2640],{"class":80},[44,57665,2643],{"class":1675},[44,57667,2646],{"class":80},[44,57669,2649],{"class":1675},[44,57671,4399],{"class":80},[44,57673,51077],{"class":3324},[20,57675,57676],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[30,57678,57680],{"id":57679},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[267,57682,57684],{"id":57683},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[35,57686,57688],{"className":37,"code":57687,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57689,57690,57718,57736,57740],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57691,57692,57694,57696,57698,57700,57702,57704,57706,57708,57710,57712,57714,57716],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57693,3276],{"class":50},[44,57695,55],{"class":54},[44,57697,3281],{"class":80},[44,57699,1982],{"class":1675},[44,57701,2646],{"class":80},[44,57703,7452],{"class":1675},[44,57705,2646],{"class":80},[44,57707,5670],{"class":1675},[44,57709,2646],{"class":80},[44,57711,7457],{"class":1675},[44,57713,2646],{"class":80},[44,57715,5670],{"class":1675},[44,57717,3294],{"class":80},[44,57719,57720,57722,57724,57726,57728,57730,57732,57734],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,57721,1880],{"class":50},[44,57723,55],{"class":54},[44,57725,3926],{"class":50},[44,57727,81],{"class":80},[44,57729,40927],{"class":84},[44,57731,98],{"class":80},[44,57733,1982],{"class":1675},[44,57735,104],{"class":80},[44,57737,57738],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,57739,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,57741,57742,57744,57746,57748],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,57743,95],{"class":94},[44,57745,98],{"class":80},[44,57747,1915],{"class":84},[44,57749,104],{"class":80},[20,57751,107],{},[35,57753,57754],{"className":37,"code":46279,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,57755,57756],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57757,57758],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57759,46279],{"class":1675},[267,57761,57763],{"id":57762},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[35,57765,57767],{"className":37,"code":57766,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57768,57769,57811,57833,57837],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57770,57771,57773,57775,57777,57779,57781,57783,57785,57787,57790,57792,57794,57796,57798,57800,57802,57804,57807,57809],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57772,3732],{"class":50},[44,57774,55],{"class":54},[44,57776,3281],{"class":80},[44,57778,362],{"class":58},[44,57780,36712],{"class":62},[44,57782,362],{"class":58},[44,57784,2646],{"class":80},[44,57786,59],{"class":58},[44,57788,57789],{"class":62},"dog",[44,57791,362],{"class":58},[44,57793,2646],{"class":80},[44,57795,59],{"class":58},[44,57797,36712],{"class":62},[44,57799,362],{"class":58},[44,57801,2646],{"class":80},[44,57803,59],{"class":58},[44,57805,57806],{"class":62},"bird",[44,57808,362],{"class":58},[44,57810,3294],{"class":80},[44,57812,57813,57815,57817,57819,57821,57823,57825,57827,57829,57831],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,57814,1880],{"class":50},[44,57816,55],{"class":54},[44,57818,5834],{"class":50},[44,57820,81],{"class":80},[44,57822,40927],{"class":84},[44,57824,98],{"class":80},[44,57826,362],{"class":58},[44,57828,36712],{"class":62},[44,57830,362],{"class":58},[44,57832,104],{"class":80},[44,57834,57835],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,57836,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,57838,57839,57841,57843,57845],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,57840,95],{"class":94},[44,57842,98],{"class":80},[44,57844,1915],{"class":84},[44,57846,104],{"class":80},[20,57848,107],{},[35,57850,57851],{"className":37,"code":16721,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,57852,57853],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57854,57855],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57856,16721],{"class":1675},[267,57858,57860],{"id":57859},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[35,57862,57864],{"className":37,"code":57863,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57865,57866,57890,57908,57912],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57867,57868,57870,57872,57874,57876,57878,57880,57882,57884,57886,57888],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57869,3276],{"class":50},[44,57871,55],{"class":54},[44,57873,3281],{"class":80},[44,57875,2643],{"class":1675},[44,57877,2646],{"class":80},[44,57879,2649],{"class":1675},[44,57881,2646],{"class":80},[44,57883,2104],{"class":1675},[44,57885,2646],{"class":80},[44,57887,2110],{"class":1675},[44,57889,3294],{"class":80},[44,57891,57892,57894,57896,57898,57900,57902,57904,57906],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,57893,1880],{"class":50},[44,57895,55],{"class":54},[44,57897,3926],{"class":50},[44,57899,81],{"class":80},[44,57901,40927],{"class":84},[44,57903,98],{"class":80},[44,57905,1789],{"class":1675},[44,57907,104],{"class":80},[44,57909,57910],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,57911,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,57913,57914,57916,57918,57920],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,57915,95],{"class":94},[44,57917,98],{"class":80},[44,57919,1915],{"class":84},[44,57921,104],{"class":80},[20,57923,107],{},[35,57925,57926],{"className":37,"code":46914,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,57927,57928],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57929,57930],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57931,46914],{"class":1675},[267,57933,57935],{"id":57934},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[35,57937,57939],{"className":37,"code":57938,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57940,57941,57987,58009,58013],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57942,57943,57945,57947,57949,57951,57953,57955,57957,57959,57961,57963,57965,57967,57969,57971,57973,57975,57977,57979,57981,57983,57985],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57944,8825],{"class":50},[44,57946,55],{"class":54},[44,57948,55955],{"class":80},[44,57950,2643],{"class":1675},[44,57952,2646],{"class":80},[44,57954,2649],{"class":1675},[44,57956,17728],{"class":80},[44,57958,3281],{"class":80},[44,57960,2643],{"class":1675},[44,57962,2646],{"class":80},[44,57964,2649],{"class":1675},[44,57966,17728],{"class":80},[44,57968,3281],{"class":80},[44,57970,1708],{"class":1675},[44,57972,2646],{"class":80},[44,57974,2104],{"class":1675},[44,57976,17728],{"class":80},[44,57978,3281],{"class":80},[44,57980,2643],{"class":1675},[44,57982,2646],{"class":80},[44,57984,2649],{"class":1675},[44,57986,52904],{"class":80},[44,57988,57989,57991,57993,57995,57997,57999,58001,58003,58005,58007],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,57990,1880],{"class":50},[44,57992,55],{"class":54},[44,57994,14229],{"class":50},[44,57996,81],{"class":80},[44,57998,40927],{"class":84},[44,58000,2640],{"class":80},[44,58002,2643],{"class":1675},[44,58004,2646],{"class":80},[44,58006,2649],{"class":1675},[44,58008,3549],{"class":80},[44,58010,58011],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,58012,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,58014,58015,58017,58019,58021],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,58016,95],{"class":94},[44,58018,98],{"class":80},[44,58020,1915],{"class":84},[44,58022,104],{"class":80},[20,58024,107],{},[35,58026,58027],{"className":37,"code":46279,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,58028,58029],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58030,58031],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58032,46279],{"class":1675},[30,58034,1133,58036],{"id":58035},"when-to-use-count",[15,58037,56952],{},[20,58039,119,58040,58042],{},[15,58041,56952],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58044,58045],{},"Good use cases:",[139,58047,58048,58051,58054],{},[142,58049,58050],{},"counting one specific item",[142,58052,58053],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[142,58055,58056],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58058,161],{},[35,58060,58062],{"className":37,"code":58061,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58063,58064,58105,58129,58133],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58065,58066,58069,58071,58073,58075,58077,58079,58081,58083,58085,58087,58089,58091,58093,58095,58097,58099,58101,58103],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58067,58068],{"class":50},"votes ",[44,58070,55],{"class":54},[44,58072,3281],{"class":80},[44,58074,362],{"class":58},[44,58076,543],{"class":62},[44,58078,362],{"class":58},[44,58080,2646],{"class":80},[44,58082,59],{"class":58},[44,58084,8258],{"class":62},[44,58086,362],{"class":58},[44,58088,2646],{"class":80},[44,58090,59],{"class":58},[44,58092,543],{"class":62},[44,58094,362],{"class":58},[44,58096,2646],{"class":80},[44,58098,59],{"class":58},[44,58100,543],{"class":62},[44,58102,362],{"class":58},[44,58104,3294],{"class":80},[44,58106,58107,58110,58112,58115,58117,58119,58121,58123,58125,58127],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,58108,58109],{"class":50},"yes_votes ",[44,58111,55],{"class":54},[44,58113,58114],{"class":50}," votes",[44,58116,81],{"class":80},[44,58118,40927],{"class":84},[44,58120,98],{"class":80},[44,58122,362],{"class":58},[44,58124,543],{"class":62},[44,58126,362],{"class":58},[44,58128,104],{"class":80},[44,58130,58131],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,58132,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,58134,58135,58137,58139,58142],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,58136,95],{"class":94},[44,58138,98],{"class":80},[44,58140,58141],{"class":84},"yes_votes",[44,58143,104],{"class":80},[20,58145,58146,58148],{},[15,58147,56952],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58150,58151,58152,4057,58154,81],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[243,58153,52433],{"href":50641},[243,58155,58157],{"href":58156},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[30,58159,1238],{"id":1237},[20,58161,8108,58162,81],{},[15,58163,56957],{},[267,58165,58167],{"id":58166},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58169,58170,58172],{},[15,58171,56957],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[35,58174,58176],{"className":37,"code":58175,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58177,58178,58211],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58179,58180,58182,58184,58186,58188,58191,58193,58195,58197,58199,58201,58203,58205,58207,58209],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58181,3732],{"class":50},[44,58183,55],{"class":54},[44,58185,3281],{"class":80},[44,58187,362],{"class":58},[44,58189,58190],{"class":62},"apple pie",[44,58192,362],{"class":58},[44,58194,2646],{"class":80},[44,58196,59],{"class":58},[44,58198,3750],{"class":62},[44,58200,362],{"class":58},[44,58202,2646],{"class":80},[44,58204,59],{"class":58},[44,58206,58190],{"class":62},[44,58208,362],{"class":58},[44,58210,3294],{"class":80},[44,58212,58213,58215,58217,58219,58221,58223,58225,58227,58229,58231,58233],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,58214,95],{"class":94},[44,58216,98],{"class":80},[44,58218,3776],{"class":84},[44,58220,81],{"class":80},[44,58222,40927],{"class":84},[44,58224,98],{"class":80},[44,58226,362],{"class":58},[44,58228,3741],{"class":62},[44,58230,362],{"class":58},[44,58232,5025],{"class":80},[44,58234,50909],{"class":3324},[20,58236,2142,58237,1520],{},[15,58238,1772],{},[20,58240,28729,58241,58243,58244,81],{},[15,58242,57495],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58245,58246],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58248,58249,58250,81],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58251,58252],{},"str.count()",[267,58254,1246,58256,8116,58258,2532,58260],{"id":58255},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58257,56952],{},[15,58259,3263],{},[15,58261,3335],{},[20,58263,58264,58266],{},[15,58265,56952],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[35,58268,58270],{"className":37,"code":58269,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58271,58272,58296],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58273,58274,58276,58278,58280,58282,58284,58286,58288,58290,58292,58294],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58275,3276],{"class":50},[44,58277,55],{"class":54},[44,58279,3281],{"class":80},[44,58281,2643],{"class":1675},[44,58283,2646],{"class":80},[44,58285,2649],{"class":1675},[44,58287,2646],{"class":80},[44,58289,2649],{"class":1675},[44,58291,2646],{"class":80},[44,58293,2104],{"class":1675},[44,58295,3294],{"class":80},[44,58297,58298,58300,58302,58304,58306,58308,58310,58312,58314],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,58299,95],{"class":94},[44,58301,98],{"class":80},[44,58303,3308],{"class":84},[44,58305,81],{"class":80},[44,58307,40927],{"class":84},[44,58309,98],{"class":80},[44,58311,1708],{"class":1675},[44,58313,5025],{"class":80},[44,58315,51077],{"class":3324},[20,58317,58318],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[35,58320,58322],{"className":37,"code":58321,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58323,58324],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58325,58326,58328,58330,58332,58334,58336,58338],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58327,95],{"class":94},[44,58329,98],{"class":80},[44,58331,1708],{"class":1675},[44,58333,20841],{"class":524},[44,58335,3926],{"class":84},[44,58337,3321],{"class":80},[44,58339,3325],{"class":3324},[267,58341,58343],{"id":58342},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[35,58345,58347],{"className":37,"code":58346,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58348,58349,58382],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58350,58351,58353,58355,58357,58359,58361,58363,58365,58367,58369,58371,58373,58375,58378,58380],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58352,4657],{"class":50},[44,58354,55],{"class":54},[44,58356,3281],{"class":80},[44,58358,362],{"class":58},[44,58360,7338],{"class":62},[44,58362,362],{"class":58},[44,58364,2646],{"class":80},[44,58366,59],{"class":58},[44,58368,19885],{"class":62},[44,58370,362],{"class":58},[44,58372,2646],{"class":80},[44,58374,59],{"class":58},[44,58376,58377],{"class":62},"SAM",[44,58379,362],{"class":58},[44,58381,3294],{"class":80},[44,58383,58384,58386,58388,58390,58392,58394,58396,58398,58400,58402,58404],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,58385,95],{"class":94},[44,58387,98],{"class":80},[44,58389,4701],{"class":84},[44,58391,81],{"class":80},[44,58393,40927],{"class":84},[44,58395,98],{"class":80},[44,58397,362],{"class":58},[44,58399,19885],{"class":62},[44,58401,362],{"class":58},[44,58403,5025],{"class":80},[44,58405,27447],{"class":3324},[20,58407,58408,58409,58412],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58410,58411],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[267,58414,29318,58416,33215],{"id":58415},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58417,56952],{},[20,58419,58420],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[35,58422,58424],{"className":37,"code":58423,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58425,58426,58436,58450,58468,58482,58494],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58427,58428,58430,58432,58434],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58429,95],{"class":94},[44,58431,98],{"class":80},[44,58433,8000],{"class":84},[44,58435,104],{"class":80},[44,58437,58438,58440,58442,58444,58446,58448],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,58439,95],{"class":94},[44,58441,98],{"class":80},[44,58443,2880],{"class":1461},[44,58445,98],{"class":80},[44,58447,8000],{"class":84},[44,58449,370],{"class":80},[44,58451,58452,58454,58456,58458,58460,58462,58464,58466],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,58453,95],{"class":94},[44,58455,98],{"class":80},[44,58457,8000],{"class":84},[44,58459,81],{"class":80},[44,58461,40927],{"class":84},[44,58463,98],{"class":80},[44,58465,2126],{"class":84},[44,58467,370],{"class":80},[44,58469,58470,58472,58474,58476,58478,58480],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,58471,95],{"class":94},[44,58473,98],{"class":80},[44,58475,2099],{"class":84},[44,58477,3544],{"class":524},[44,58479,8057],{"class":84},[44,58481,104],{"class":80},[44,58483,58484,58486,58488,58490,58492],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,58485,5623],{"class":524},[44,58487,5626],{"class":50},[44,58489,3544],{"class":524},[44,58491,8057],{"class":50},[44,58493,548],{"class":80},[44,58495,58496,58498,58500,58502,58504,58506],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,58497,553],{"class":94},[44,58499,98],{"class":80},[44,58501,617],{"class":94},[44,58503,98],{"class":80},[44,58505,22978],{"class":84},[44,58507,370],{"class":80},[20,58509,58510],{},"These checks can help you see:",[139,58512,58513,58516,58519],{},[142,58514,58515],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[142,58517,58518],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[142,58520,58521],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58523,58524],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[139,58526,58527,58532,58535,58542],{},[142,58528,50154,58529,58531],{},[15,58530,56952],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[142,58533,58534],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[142,58536,10767,58537,58539,58540],{},[15,58538,56957],{}," with string ",[15,58541,56952],{},[142,58543,58544],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[30,58546,1478],{"id":1477},[267,58548,1482,58550,58552],{"id":58549},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58551,56957],{}," change the list?",[20,58554,58555],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[267,58557,58559],{"id":58558},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58561,11573,58562,81],{},[15,58563,1772],{},[267,58565,4832,58567,58569],{"id":58566},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58568,56957],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,58571,58572],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[267,58574,14566,58576,58578],{"id":58575},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58577,56957],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,58580,41816,58581,4057,58583,58585],{},[15,58582,57498],{},[15,58584,57495],{}," are different values.",[267,58587,4820,58589,58591,58592,1520],{"id":58588},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,58590,3263],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,58593,2643],{},[20,58595,8444,58596,58598,58599,4057,58601,58598,58603,81],{},[15,58597,3263],{}," compares equal to ",[15,58600,2643],{},[15,58602,3335],{},[15,58604,1772],{},[30,58606,1545],{"id":1544},[139,58608,58609,58613,58619,58623,58631,58638],{},[142,58610,58611],{},[243,58612,52433],{"href":50641},[142,58614,58615],{},[243,58616,58618],{"href":58617},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[142,58620,58621],{},[243,58622,6599],{"href":5863},[142,58624,58625],{},[243,58626,55181,58628,1555],{"href":58627},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,58629,58630],{},"index()",[142,58632,58633],{},[243,58634,3234,58636],{"href":58635},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,58637,42025],{},[142,58639,58640],{},[243,58641,58642],{"href":58156},"What is a list in Python",[1577,58644,58645],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":58647},[58648,58649,58651,58652,58653,58659,58665,58667,58675,58686],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":57049,"depth":69,"text":58650},"What list.count() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":37685,"depth":69,"text":37686},{"id":57371,"depth":69,"text":57372,"children":58654},[58655,58656,58658],{"id":57403,"depth":91,"text":57404},{"id":57502,"depth":91,"text":58657},"1 and True can match",{"id":57601,"depth":91,"text":57602},{"id":57679,"depth":69,"text":57680,"children":58660},[58661,58662,58663,58664],{"id":57683,"depth":91,"text":57684},{"id":57762,"depth":91,"text":57763},{"id":57859,"depth":91,"text":57860},{"id":57934,"depth":91,"text":57935},{"id":58035,"depth":69,"text":58666},"When to use count()",{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238,"children":58668},[58669,58670,58672,58673],{"id":58166,"depth":91,"text":58167},{"id":58255,"depth":91,"text":58671},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58342,"depth":91,"text":58343},{"id":58415,"depth":91,"text":58674},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":58676},[58677,58679,58680,58682,58684],{"id":58549,"depth":91,"text":58678},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58558,"depth":91,"text":58559},{"id":58566,"depth":91,"text":58681},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58575,"depth":91,"text":58683},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58588,"depth":91,"text":58685},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":56944,"description":58687},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58694,"title":58695,"body":58696,"description":60659,"extension":1611,"meta":60660,"navigation":184,"path":60661,"seo":60662,"stem":60663,"__hash__":60664},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58697,"toc":60622},[58698,58701,58704,58706,58834,58838,58919,58930,58932,58951,58955,58958,58961,58979,58981,59024,59028,59053,59062,59066,59071,59074,59191,59195,59264,59268,59280,59284,59287,59328,59332,59345,59348,59433,59437,59470,59477,59483,59488,59490,59502,59506,59539,59543,59575,59579,59616,59620,59640,59644,59678,59682,59711,59722,59726,59729,59732,59745,59802,59806,59845,59851,59854,59856,59859,59863,59866,59891,59893,59918,59925,59928,59973,59977,59996,59999,60038,60045,60050,60084,60088,60189,60196,60229,60233,60259,60263,60266,60304,60307,60344,60348,60351,60370,60374,60435,60437,60455,60459,60462,60465,60494,60496,60500,60503,60511,60515,60518,60538,60544,60550,60554,60557,60564,60572,60574,60613,60619],[10,58699,58695],{"id":58700},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,58702,58703],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[30,58705,33],{"id":32},[35,58707,58709],{"className":37,"code":58708,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,58710,58711,58731,58763,58771,58789,58793,58803,58813,58824],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58712,58713,58715,58717,58719,58721,58723,58725,58727,58729],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58714,3276],{"class":50},[44,58716,55],{"class":54},[44,58718,3281],{"class":80},[44,58720,2643],{"class":1675},[44,58722,2646],{"class":80},[44,58724,2649],{"class":1675},[44,58726,2646],{"class":80},[44,58728,2104],{"class":1675},[44,58730,3294],{"class":80},[44,58732,58733,58735,58737,58739,58741,58743,58745,58747,58749,58751,58753,58755,58757,58759,58761],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,58734,4657],{"class":50},[44,58736,55],{"class":54},[44,58738,3281],{"class":80},[44,58740,362],{"class":58},[44,58742,12543],{"class":62},[44,58744,362],{"class":58},[44,58746,2646],{"class":80},[44,58748,59],{"class":58},[44,58750,35605],{"class":62},[44,58752,362],{"class":58},[44,58754,2646],{"class":80},[44,58756,59],{"class":58},[44,58758,35614],{"class":62},[44,58760,362],{"class":58},[44,58762,3294],{"class":80},[44,58764,58765,58767,58769],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,58766,55592],{"class":50},[44,58768,55],{"class":54},[44,58770,7501],{"class":80},[44,58772,58773,58775,58777,58779,58781,58783,58785,58787],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,58774,35755],{"class":50},[44,58776,55],{"class":54},[44,58778,22227],{"class":1461},[44,58780,98],{"class":80},[44,58782,362],{"class":58},[44,58784,804],{"class":62},[44,58786,362],{"class":58},[44,58788,104],{"class":80},[44,58790,58791],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,58792,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,58794,58795,58797,58799,58801],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,58796,95],{"class":94},[44,58798,98],{"class":80},[44,58800,3308],{"class":84},[44,58802,104],{"class":80},[44,58804,58805,58807,58809,58811],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,58806,95],{"class":94},[44,58808,98],{"class":80},[44,58810,4701],{"class":84},[44,58812,104],{"class":80},[44,58814,58815,58817,58819,58822],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,58816,95],{"class":94},[44,58818,98],{"class":80},[44,58820,58821],{"class":84},"empty_list",[44,58823,104],{"class":80},[44,58825,58826,58828,58830,58832],{"class":46,"line":6095},[44,58827,95],{"class":94},[44,58829,98],{"class":80},[44,58831,35808],{"class":84},[44,58833,104],{"class":80},[20,58835,58836],{},[830,58837,107],{},[35,58839,58841],{"className":37,"code":58840,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,58842,58843,58859,58887,58891],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58844,58845,58847,58849,58851,58853,58855,58857],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58846,3561],{"class":80},[44,58848,2643],{"class":1675},[44,58850,2646],{"class":80},[44,58852,2649],{"class":1675},[44,58854,2646],{"class":80},[44,58856,2104],{"class":1675},[44,58858,3294],{"class":80},[44,58860,58861,58863,58865,58867,58869,58871,58873,58875,58877,58879,58881,58883,58885],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,58862,3561],{"class":80},[44,58864,655],{"class":58},[44,58866,12543],{"class":62},[44,58868,655],{"class":58},[44,58870,2646],{"class":80},[44,58872,2955],{"class":58},[44,58874,35605],{"class":62},[44,58876,655],{"class":58},[44,58878,2646],{"class":80},[44,58880,2955],{"class":58},[44,58882,35614],{"class":62},[44,58884,655],{"class":58},[44,58886,3294],{"class":80},[44,58888,58889],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,58890,37963],{"class":80},[44,58892,58893,58895,58897,58899,58901,58903,58905,58907,58909,58911,58913,58915,58917],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,58894,3561],{"class":80},[44,58896,655],{"class":58},[44,58898,243],{"class":62},[44,58900,655],{"class":58},[44,58902,2646],{"class":80},[44,58904,2955],{"class":58},[44,58906,842],{"class":62},[44,58908,655],{"class":58},[44,58910,2646],{"class":80},[44,58912,2955],{"class":58},[44,58914,846],{"class":62},[44,58916,655],{"class":58},[44,58918,3294],{"class":80},[20,58920,58921,58922,58924,58925,58927,58928,81],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,58923,3448],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,58926,24448],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,58929,35863],{},[30,58931,14826],{"id":14825},[139,58933,58934,58937,58940,58943,58948],{},[142,58935,58936],{},"What a list is in Python",[142,58938,58939],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[142,58941,58942],{},"How to create an empty list",[142,58944,58945,58946,1954],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,58947,24448],{},[142,58949,58950],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[30,58952,58954],{"id":58953},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,58956,58957],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,58959,58960],{},"This means:",[139,58962,58963,58966,58969,58972],{},[142,58964,58965],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[142,58967,58968],{},"The order of items is kept",[142,58970,58971],{},"A list can hold different data types",[142,58973,58974,58975,58978],{},"A list is ",[830,58976,58977],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,58980,161],{},[35,58982,58984],{"className":37,"code":58983,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,58985,58986,59010,59014],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58987,58988,58990,58992,58994,58996,58998,59000,59002,59004,59006,59008],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58989,7441],{"class":50},[44,58991,55],{"class":54},[44,58993,3281],{"class":80},[44,58995,362],{"class":58},[44,58997,3741],{"class":62},[44,58999,362],{"class":58},[44,59001,2646],{"class":80},[44,59003,5670],{"class":1675},[44,59005,2646],{"class":80},[44,59007,3577],{"class":3513},[44,59009,3294],{"class":80},[44,59011,59012],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,59013,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,59015,59016,59018,59020,59022],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,59017,95],{"class":94},[44,59019,98],{"class":80},[44,59021,7472],{"class":84},[44,59023,104],{"class":80},[20,59025,59026],{},[830,59027,107],{},[35,59029,59031],{"className":37,"code":59030,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59032,59033],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59034,59035,59037,59039,59041,59043,59045,59047,59049,59051],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59036,3561],{"class":80},[44,59038,655],{"class":58},[44,59040,3741],{"class":62},[44,59042,655],{"class":58},[44,59044,2646],{"class":80},[44,59046,5670],{"class":1675},[44,59048,2646],{"class":80},[44,59050,3577],{"class":3513},[44,59052,3294],{"class":80},[20,59054,59055,59056,2532,59059,81],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[243,59057,59058],{"href":50641},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[243,59060,59061],{"href":58156},"What is a List in Python?",[30,59063,59065],{"id":59064},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59067,58921,59068,59070],{},[15,59069,3448],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59072,59073],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[35,59075,59077],{"className":37,"code":59076,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59078,59079,59099,59131,59156,59160,59170,59180],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59080,59081,59083,59085,59087,59089,59091,59093,59095,59097],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59082,3276],{"class":50},[44,59084,55],{"class":54},[44,59086,3281],{"class":80},[44,59088,2643],{"class":1675},[44,59090,2646],{"class":80},[44,59092,2649],{"class":1675},[44,59094,2646],{"class":80},[44,59096,2104],{"class":1675},[44,59098,3294],{"class":80},[44,59100,59101,59103,59105,59107,59109,59111,59113,59115,59117,59119,59121,59123,59125,59127,59129],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,59102,4657],{"class":50},[44,59104,55],{"class":54},[44,59106,3281],{"class":80},[44,59108,362],{"class":58},[44,59110,12543],{"class":62},[44,59112,362],{"class":58},[44,59114,2646],{"class":80},[44,59116,59],{"class":58},[44,59118,35605],{"class":62},[44,59120,362],{"class":58},[44,59122,2646],{"class":80},[44,59124,59],{"class":58},[44,59126,35614],{"class":62},[44,59128,362],{"class":58},[44,59130,3294],{"class":80},[44,59132,59133,59136,59138,59140,59142,59144,59146,59148,59150,59152,59154],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,59134,59135],{"class":50},"mixed ",[44,59137,55],{"class":54},[44,59139,3281],{"class":80},[44,59141,1982],{"class":1675},[44,59143,2646],{"class":80},[44,59145,59],{"class":58},[44,59147,986],{"class":62},[44,59149,362],{"class":58},[44,59151,2646],{"class":80},[44,59153,3568],{"class":3513},[44,59155,3294],{"class":80},[44,59157,59158],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,59159,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,59161,59162,59164,59166,59168],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,59163,95],{"class":94},[44,59165,98],{"class":80},[44,59167,3308],{"class":84},[44,59169,104],{"class":80},[44,59171,59172,59174,59176,59178],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,59173,95],{"class":94},[44,59175,98],{"class":80},[44,59177,4701],{"class":84},[44,59179,104],{"class":80},[44,59181,59182,59184,59186,59189],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,59183,95],{"class":94},[44,59185,98],{"class":80},[44,59187,59188],{"class":84},"mixed",[44,59190,104],{"class":80},[20,59192,59193],{},[830,59194,107],{},[35,59196,59198],{"className":37,"code":59197,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59199,59200,59216,59244],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59201,59202,59204,59206,59208,59210,59212,59214],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59203,3561],{"class":80},[44,59205,2643],{"class":1675},[44,59207,2646],{"class":80},[44,59209,2649],{"class":1675},[44,59211,2646],{"class":80},[44,59213,2104],{"class":1675},[44,59215,3294],{"class":80},[44,59217,59218,59220,59222,59224,59226,59228,59230,59232,59234,59236,59238,59240,59242],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,59219,3561],{"class":80},[44,59221,655],{"class":58},[44,59223,12543],{"class":62},[44,59225,655],{"class":58},[44,59227,2646],{"class":80},[44,59229,2955],{"class":58},[44,59231,35605],{"class":62},[44,59233,655],{"class":58},[44,59235,2646],{"class":80},[44,59237,2955],{"class":58},[44,59239,35614],{"class":62},[44,59241,655],{"class":58},[44,59243,3294],{"class":80},[44,59245,59246,59248,59250,59252,59254,59256,59258,59260,59262],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,59247,3561],{"class":80},[44,59249,1982],{"class":1675},[44,59251,2646],{"class":80},[44,59253,2955],{"class":58},[44,59255,986],{"class":62},[44,59257,655],{"class":58},[44,59259,2646],{"class":80},[44,59261,3568],{"class":3513},[44,59263,3294],{"class":80},[267,59265,59267],{"id":59266},"key-points","Key points",[139,59269,59270,59275,59277],{},[142,59271,119,59272,59274],{},[15,59273,3448],{}," to make a new list",[142,59276,15096],{},[142,59278,59279],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[30,59281,59283],{"id":59282},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59285,59286],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[35,59288,59290],{"className":37,"code":59289,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59291,59292,59300,59304,59314],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59293,59294,59296,59298],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59295,7969],{"class":50},[44,59297,55],{"class":54},[44,59299,7501],{"class":80},[44,59301,59302],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,59303,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,59305,59306,59308,59310,59312],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,59307,95],{"class":94},[44,59309,98],{"class":80},[44,59311,8000],{"class":84},[44,59313,104],{"class":80},[44,59315,59316,59318,59320,59322,59324,59326],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,59317,95],{"class":94},[44,59319,98],{"class":80},[44,59321,10822],{"class":94},[44,59323,98],{"class":80},[44,59325,8000],{"class":84},[44,59327,370],{"class":80},[20,59329,59330],{},[830,59331,107],{},[35,59333,59335],{"className":37,"code":59334,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[]\n0\n",[15,59336,59337,59341],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59338,59339],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59340,37963],{"class":80},[44,59342,59343],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,59344,46914],{"class":1675},[20,59346,59347],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[35,59349,59351],{"className":37,"code":59350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59352,59353,59361,59365,59383,59401,59419,59423],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59354,59355,59357,59359],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59356,4657],{"class":50},[44,59358,55],{"class":54},[44,59360,7501],{"class":80},[44,59362,59363],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,59364,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,59366,59367,59369,59371,59373,59375,59377,59379,59381],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,59368,4701],{"class":50},[44,59370,81],{"class":80},[44,59372,13216],{"class":84},[44,59374,98],{"class":80},[44,59376,362],{"class":58},[44,59378,12543],{"class":62},[44,59380,362],{"class":58},[44,59382,104],{"class":80},[44,59384,59385,59387,59389,59391,59393,59395,59397,59399],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,59386,4701],{"class":50},[44,59388,81],{"class":80},[44,59390,13216],{"class":84},[44,59392,98],{"class":80},[44,59394,362],{"class":58},[44,59396,35605],{"class":62},[44,59398,362],{"class":58},[44,59400,104],{"class":80},[44,59402,59403,59405,59407,59409,59411,59413,59415,59417],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,59404,4701],{"class":50},[44,59406,81],{"class":80},[44,59408,13216],{"class":84},[44,59410,98],{"class":80},[44,59412,362],{"class":58},[44,59414,35614],{"class":62},[44,59416,362],{"class":58},[44,59418,104],{"class":80},[44,59420,59421],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,59422,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,59424,59425,59427,59429,59431],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,59426,95],{"class":94},[44,59428,98],{"class":80},[44,59430,4701],{"class":84},[44,59432,104],{"class":80},[20,59434,59435],{},[830,59436,107],{},[35,59438,59440],{"className":37,"code":59439,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59441,59442],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59443,59444,59446,59448,59450,59452,59454,59456,59458,59460,59462,59464,59466,59468],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59445,3561],{"class":80},[44,59447,655],{"class":58},[44,59449,12543],{"class":62},[44,59451,655],{"class":58},[44,59453,2646],{"class":80},[44,59455,2955],{"class":58},[44,59457,35605],{"class":62},[44,59459,655],{"class":58},[44,59461,2646],{"class":80},[44,59463,2955],{"class":58},[44,59465,35614],{"class":62},[44,59467,655],{"class":58},[44,59469,3294],{"class":80},[20,59471,59472,59473,81],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[243,59474,59475,1555],{"href":56430},[15,59476,52314],{},[30,59478,59480,59481],{"id":59479},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59482,24448],{},[20,59484,119,59485,59487],{},[15,59486,24448],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59489,5121],{},[139,59491,59492,59494,59496,59498],{},[142,59493,4972],{},[142,59495,4966],{},[142,59497,4969],{},[142,59499,59500],{},[15,59501,35863],{},[267,59503,59505],{"id":59504},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[35,59507,59509],{"className":37,"code":59508,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59510,59511,59529],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59512,59513,59515,59517,59519,59521,59523,59525,59527],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59514,35755],{"class":50},[44,59516,55],{"class":54},[44,59518,22227],{"class":1461},[44,59520,98],{"class":80},[44,59522,362],{"class":58},[44,59524,804],{"class":62},[44,59526,362],{"class":58},[44,59528,104],{"class":80},[44,59530,59531,59533,59535,59537],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,59532,95],{"class":94},[44,59534,98],{"class":80},[44,59536,35808],{"class":84},[44,59538,104],{"class":80},[20,59540,59541],{},[830,59542,107],{},[35,59544,59545],{"className":37,"code":42539,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,59546,59547],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59548,59549,59551,59553,59555,59557,59559,59561,59563,59565,59567,59569,59571,59573],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59550,3561],{"class":80},[44,59552,655],{"class":58},[44,59554,243],{"class":62},[44,59556,655],{"class":58},[44,59558,2646],{"class":80},[44,59560,2955],{"class":58},[44,59562,842],{"class":62},[44,59564,655],{"class":58},[44,59566,2646],{"class":80},[44,59568,2955],{"class":58},[44,59570,846],{"class":62},[44,59572,655],{"class":58},[44,59574,3294],{"class":80},[267,59576,59578],{"id":59577},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[35,59580,59582],{"className":37,"code":59581,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,59583,59584,59606],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59585,59586,59588,59590,59592,59594,59596,59598,59600,59602,59604],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59587,3276],{"class":50},[44,59589,55],{"class":54},[44,59591,22227],{"class":1461},[44,59593,5175],{"class":80},[44,59595,2643],{"class":1675},[44,59597,2646],{"class":80},[44,59599,2649],{"class":1675},[44,59601,2646],{"class":80},[44,59603,2104],{"class":1675},[44,59605,370],{"class":80},[44,59607,59608,59610,59612,59614],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,59609,95],{"class":94},[44,59611,98],{"class":80},[44,59613,3308],{"class":84},[44,59615,104],{"class":80},[20,59617,59618],{},[830,59619,107],{},[35,59621,59622],{"className":37,"code":54811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,59623,59624],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59625,59626,59628,59630,59632,59634,59636,59638],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59627,3561],{"class":80},[44,59629,2643],{"class":1675},[44,59631,2646],{"class":80},[44,59633,2649],{"class":1675},[44,59635,2646],{"class":80},[44,59637,2104],{"class":1675},[44,59639,3294],{"class":80},[267,59641,59643],{"id":59642},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[35,59645,59647],{"className":37,"code":59646,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,59648,59649,59668],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59650,59651,59653,59655,59657,59659,59662,59664,59666],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59652,3484],{"class":50},[44,59654,55],{"class":54},[44,59656,22227],{"class":1461},[44,59658,98],{"class":80},[44,59660,59661],{"class":94},"range",[44,59663,98],{"class":80},[44,59665,1789],{"class":1675},[44,59667,370],{"class":80},[44,59669,59670,59672,59674,59676],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,59671,95],{"class":94},[44,59673,98],{"class":80},[44,59675,5022],{"class":84},[44,59677,104],{"class":80},[20,59679,59680],{},[830,59681,107],{},[35,59683,59685],{"className":37,"code":59684,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,59686,59687],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59688,59689,59691,59693,59695,59697,59699,59701,59703,59705,59707,59709],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59690,3561],{"class":80},[44,59692,1772],{"class":1675},[44,59694,2646],{"class":80},[44,59696,5162],{"class":1675},[44,59698,2646],{"class":80},[44,59700,2649],{"class":1675},[44,59702,2646],{"class":80},[44,59704,2104],{"class":1675},[44,59706,2646],{"class":80},[44,59708,2110],{"class":1675},[44,59710,3294],{"class":80},[20,59712,59713,59715,59716,81],{},[15,59714,24448],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[243,59717,59719,59721],{"href":59718},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,59720,24448],{},": Function Explained",[30,59723,59725],{"id":59724},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,59727,59728],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,59730,59731],{},"Examples include:",[139,59733,59734,59736,59738,59740,59742],{},[142,59735,4972],{},[142,59737,40091],{},[142,59739,51708],{},[142,59741,40261],{},[142,59743,59744],{},"other lists",[35,59746,59748],{"className":37,"code":59747,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,59749,59750,59788,59792],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59751,59752,59754,59756,59758,59760,59762,59764,59766,59768,59770,59772,59774,59776,59778,59780,59782,59784,59786],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59753,8825],{"class":50},[44,59755,55],{"class":54},[44,59757,3281],{"class":80},[44,59759,362],{"class":58},[44,59761,12543],{"class":62},[44,59763,362],{"class":58},[44,59765,2646],{"class":80},[44,59767,8966],{"class":1675},[44,59769,2646],{"class":80},[44,59771,3577],{"class":3513},[44,59773,2646],{"class":80},[44,59775,3281],{"class":80},[44,59777,2643],{"class":1675},[44,59779,2646],{"class":80},[44,59781,2649],{"class":1675},[44,59783,2646],{"class":80},[44,59785,2104],{"class":1675},[44,59787,52904],{"class":80},[44,59789,59790],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,59791,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,59793,59794,59796,59798,59800],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,59795,95],{"class":94},[44,59797,98],{"class":80},[44,59799,8864],{"class":84},[44,59801,104],{"class":80},[20,59803,59804],{},[830,59805,107],{},[35,59807,59809],{"className":37,"code":59808,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,59810,59811],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59812,59813,59815,59817,59819,59821,59823,59825,59827,59829,59831,59833,59835,59837,59839,59841,59843],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59814,3561],{"class":80},[44,59816,655],{"class":58},[44,59818,12543],{"class":62},[44,59820,655],{"class":58},[44,59822,2646],{"class":80},[44,59824,8966],{"class":1675},[44,59826,2646],{"class":80},[44,59828,3577],{"class":3513},[44,59830,2646],{"class":80},[44,59832,3281],{"class":80},[44,59834,2643],{"class":1675},[44,59836,2646],{"class":80},[44,59838,2649],{"class":1675},[44,59840,2646],{"class":80},[44,59842,2104],{"class":1675},[44,59844,52904],{"class":80},[20,59846,59847,59848,81],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[830,59849,59850],{},"nested list",[20,59852,59853],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[30,59855,4183],{"id":4182},[20,59857,59858],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[267,59860,59862],{"id":59861},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,59864,59865],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[35,59867,59869],{"className":37,"code":59868,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,59870,59871,59875],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59872,59873],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59874,4200],{"class":3324},[44,59876,59877,59879,59881,59883,59885,59887,59889],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,59878,3276],{"class":50},[44,59880,55],{"class":54},[44,59882,3281],{"class":80},[44,59884,2643],{"class":1675},[44,59886,2649],{"class":1675},[44,59888,2104],{"class":1675},[44,59890,3294],{"class":80},[20,59892,10467],{},[35,59894,59896],{"className":37,"code":59895,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,59897,59898],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59899,59900,59902,59904,59906,59908,59910,59912,59914,59916],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59901,3276],{"class":50},[44,59903,55],{"class":54},[44,59905,3281],{"class":80},[44,59907,2643],{"class":1675},[44,59909,2646],{"class":80},[44,59911,2649],{"class":1675},[44,59913,2646],{"class":80},[44,59915,2104],{"class":1675},[44,59917,3294],{"class":80},[267,59919,675,59921,10752,59923],{"id":59920},"using-instead-of",[15,59922,535],{},[15,59924,3448],{},[20,59926,59927],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[35,59929,59931],{"className":37,"code":59930,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,59932,59933,59954,59958],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59934,59935,59938,59940,59942,59944,59946,59948,59950,59952],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59936,59937],{"class":50},"my_values ",[44,59939,55],{"class":54},[44,59941,8896],{"class":80},[44,59943,2643],{"class":1675},[44,59945,2646],{"class":80},[44,59947,2649],{"class":1675},[44,59949,2646],{"class":80},[44,59951,2104],{"class":1675},[44,59953,104],{"class":80},[44,59955,59956],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,59957,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,59959,59960,59962,59964,59966,59968,59971],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,59961,95],{"class":94},[44,59963,98],{"class":80},[44,59965,2880],{"class":1461},[44,59967,98],{"class":80},[44,59969,59970],{"class":84},"my_values",[44,59972,370],{"class":80},[20,59974,59975],{},[830,59976,107],{},[35,59978,59980],{"className":37,"code":59979,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,59981,59982],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59983,59984,59986,59988,59990,59992,59994],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59985,2949],{"class":54},[44,59987,2952],{"class":1717},[44,59989,2955],{"class":58},[44,59991,48615],{"class":62},[44,59993,655],{"class":58},[44,59995,2962],{"class":54},[20,59997,59998],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[35,60000,60002],{"className":37,"code":60001,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60003,60004,60024],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60005,60006,60008,60010,60012,60014,60016,60018,60020,60022],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60007,59937],{"class":50},[44,60009,55],{"class":54},[44,60011,3281],{"class":80},[44,60013,2643],{"class":1675},[44,60015,2646],{"class":80},[44,60017,2649],{"class":1675},[44,60019,2646],{"class":80},[44,60021,2104],{"class":1675},[44,60023,3294],{"class":80},[44,60025,60026,60028,60030,60032,60034,60036],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,60027,95],{"class":94},[44,60029,98],{"class":80},[44,60031,2880],{"class":1461},[44,60033,98],{"class":80},[44,60035,59970],{"class":84},[44,60037,370],{"class":80},[267,60039,1246,60041,60044],{"id":60040},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60042,60043],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60046,60047,60049],{},[15,60048,24448],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[35,60051,60053],{"className":37,"code":60052,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60054,60055,60074],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60056,60057,60059,60061,60063,60065,60067,60070,60072],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60058,1880],{"class":50},[44,60060,55],{"class":54},[44,60062,22227],{"class":1461},[44,60064,98],{"class":80},[44,60066,362],{"class":58},[44,60068,60069],{"class":62},"hello world",[44,60071,362],{"class":58},[44,60073,104],{"class":80},[44,60075,60076,60078,60080,60082],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,60077,95],{"class":94},[44,60079,98],{"class":80},[44,60081,1915],{"class":84},[44,60083,104],{"class":80},[20,60085,60086],{},[830,60087,107],{},[35,60089,60091],{"className":37,"code":60090,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60092,60093],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60094,60095,60097,60099,60102,60104,60106,60108,60111,60113,60115,60117,60120,60122,60124,60126,60128,60130,60132,60134,60137,60139,60141,60143,60145,60147,60149,60152,60154,60156,60158,60160,60162,60164,60166,60169,60171,60173,60175,60177,60179,60181,60183,60185,60187],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60096,3561],{"class":80},[44,60098,655],{"class":58},[44,60100,60101],{"class":62},"h",[44,60103,655],{"class":58},[44,60105,2646],{"class":80},[44,60107,2955],{"class":58},[44,60109,60110],{"class":62},"e",[44,60112,655],{"class":58},[44,60114,2646],{"class":80},[44,60116,2955],{"class":58},[44,60118,60119],{"class":62},"l",[44,60121,655],{"class":58},[44,60123,2646],{"class":80},[44,60125,2955],{"class":58},[44,60127,60119],{"class":62},[44,60129,655],{"class":58},[44,60131,2646],{"class":80},[44,60133,2955],{"class":58},[44,60135,60136],{"class":62},"o",[44,60138,655],{"class":58},[44,60140,2646],{"class":80},[44,60142,2955],{"class":58},[44,60144,2955],{"class":58},[44,60146,2646],{"class":80},[44,60148,2955],{"class":58},[44,60150,60151],{"class":62},"w",[44,60153,655],{"class":58},[44,60155,2646],{"class":80},[44,60157,2955],{"class":58},[44,60159,60136],{"class":62},[44,60161,655],{"class":58},[44,60163,2646],{"class":80},[44,60165,2955],{"class":58},[44,60167,60168],{"class":62},"r",[44,60170,655],{"class":58},[44,60172,2646],{"class":80},[44,60174,2955],{"class":58},[44,60176,60119],{"class":62},[44,60178,655],{"class":58},[44,60180,2646],{"class":80},[44,60182,2955],{"class":58},[44,60184,18434],{"class":62},[44,60186,655],{"class":58},[44,60188,3294],{"class":80},[20,60190,60191,60192,60195],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60193,60194],{},"split()"," instead:",[35,60197,60199],{"className":37,"code":60198,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60200,60201,60219],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60202,60203,60205,60207,60209,60211,60213,60215,60217],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60204,3732],{"class":50},[44,60206,55],{"class":54},[44,60208,59],{"class":58},[44,60210,60069],{"class":62},[44,60212,362],{"class":58},[44,60214,81],{"class":80},[44,60216,34133],{"class":84},[44,60218,88],{"class":80},[44,60220,60221,60223,60225,60227],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,60222,95],{"class":94},[44,60224,98],{"class":80},[44,60226,3776],{"class":84},[44,60228,104],{"class":80},[20,60230,60231],{},[830,60232,107],{},[35,60234,60236],{"className":37,"code":60235,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60237,60238],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60239,60240,60242,60244,60246,60248,60250,60252,60255,60257],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60241,3561],{"class":80},[44,60243,655],{"class":58},[44,60245,986],{"class":62},[44,60247,655],{"class":58},[44,60249,2646],{"class":80},[44,60251,2955],{"class":58},[44,60253,60254],{"class":62},"world",[44,60256,655],{"class":58},[44,60258,3294],{"class":80},[267,60260,60262],{"id":60261},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60264,60265],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[35,60267,60269],{"className":37,"code":60268,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60270,60271,60275],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60272,60273],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60274,4200],{"class":3324},[44,60276,60277,60279,60281,60283,60285,60287,60289,60291,60293,60296,60298,60300,60302],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,60278,4657],{"class":50},[44,60280,55],{"class":54},[44,60282,3281],{"class":80},[44,60284,362],{"class":58},[44,60286,12543],{"class":62},[44,60288,362],{"class":58},[44,60290,2646],{"class":80},[44,60292,59],{"class":58},[44,60294,60295],{"class":62},"Ben', ",[44,60297,362],{"class":58},[44,60299,35614],{"class":50},[44,60301,362],{"class":58},[44,60303,3294],{"class":62},[20,60305,60306],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[35,60308,60310],{"className":37,"code":60309,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60311,60312],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60313,60314,60316,60318,60320,60322,60324,60326,60328,60330,60332,60334,60336,60338,60340,60342],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60315,4657],{"class":50},[44,60317,55],{"class":54},[44,60319,3281],{"class":80},[44,60321,362],{"class":58},[44,60323,12543],{"class":62},[44,60325,362],{"class":58},[44,60327,2646],{"class":80},[44,60329,59],{"class":58},[44,60331,35605],{"class":62},[44,60333,362],{"class":58},[44,60335,2646],{"class":80},[44,60337,59],{"class":58},[44,60339,35614],{"class":62},[44,60341,362],{"class":58},[44,60343,3294],{"class":80},[267,60345,60347],{"id":60346},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60349,60350],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[139,60352,60353,60356,60359,60364],{},[142,60354,60355],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[142,60357,60358],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[142,60360,60361,60362],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60363,24448],{},[142,60365,1246,60366,60369],{},[15,60367,60368],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[267,60371,60373],{"id":60372},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[35,60375,60377],{"className":37,"code":60376,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60378,60379,60389,60403,60417],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60380,60381,60383,60385,60387],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60382,95],{"class":94},[44,60384,98],{"class":80},[44,60386,8000],{"class":84},[44,60388,104],{"class":80},[44,60390,60391,60393,60395,60397,60399,60401],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,60392,95],{"class":94},[44,60394,98],{"class":80},[44,60396,2880],{"class":1461},[44,60398,98],{"class":80},[44,60400,8000],{"class":84},[44,60402,370],{"class":80},[44,60404,60405,60407,60409,60411,60413,60415],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,60406,95],{"class":94},[44,60408,98],{"class":80},[44,60410,10822],{"class":94},[44,60412,98],{"class":80},[44,60414,8000],{"class":84},[44,60416,370],{"class":80},[44,60418,60419,60421,60423,60425,60427,60429,60431,60433],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,60420,95],{"class":94},[44,60422,98],{"class":80},[44,60424,7754],{"class":1461},[44,60426,98],{"class":80},[44,60428,59661],{"class":94},[44,60430,98],{"class":80},[44,60432,1789],{"class":1675},[44,60434,2567],{"class":80},[20,60436,25676],{},[139,60438,60439,60442,60445,60448],{},[142,60440,60441],{},"what the list contains",[142,60443,60444],{},"whether the value is really a list",[142,60446,60447],{},"how many items it has",[142,60449,25687,60450,60452,60453],{},[15,60451,24448],{}," does with ",[15,60454,35863],{},[30,60456,60458],{"id":60457},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60460,60461],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60463,60464],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[139,60466,60467,60482,60487],{},[142,60468,119,60469,839,60473,16737,60477,60481],{},[243,60470,60471],{"href":56430},[15,60472,52314],{},[243,60474,60475],{"href":53006},[15,60476,53108],{},[243,60478,60479],{"href":53569},[15,60480,53929],{}," to add items later",[142,60483,119,60484,60486],{},[243,60485,59058],{"href":50641}," for a broader introduction",[142,60488,119,60489,60493],{},[243,60490,60491,59721],{"href":59718},[15,60492,24448],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[30,60495,1478],{"id":1477},[267,60497,60499],{"id":60498},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60501,60502],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[35,60504,60505],{"className":37,"code":37963,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,60506,60507],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60508,60509],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60510,37963],{"class":80},[267,60512,60514],{"id":60513},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60516,60517],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[35,60519,60520],{"className":37,"code":54811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,60521,60522],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60523,60524,60526,60528,60530,60532,60534,60536],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60525,3561],{"class":80},[44,60527,2643],{"class":1675},[44,60529,2646],{"class":80},[44,60531,2649],{"class":1675},[44,60533,2646],{"class":80},[44,60535,2104],{"class":1675},[44,60537,3294],{"class":80},[267,60539,1504,60541,60543],{"id":60540},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60542,24448],{}," do in Python?",[20,60545,60546,60547,60549],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60548,35863],{},", into a list.",[267,60551,60553],{"id":60552},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60555,60556],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[267,60558,4842,60560,4057,60562,1520],{"id":60559},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60561,3448],{},[15,60563,535],{},[20,60565,60566,60568,60569,60571],{},[15,60567,3448],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60570,535],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[30,60573,1545],{"id":1544},[139,60575,60576,60580,60586,60592,60598,60604,60608],{},[142,60577,60578],{},[243,60579,59058],{"href":50641},[142,60581,60582],{},[243,60583,55181,60584,18],{"href":56430},[15,60585,52314],{},[142,60587,60588],{},[243,60589,55181,60590,18],{"href":53006},[15,60591,53108],{},[142,60593,60594],{},[243,60595,55181,60596,18],{"href":53569},[15,60597,53929],{},[142,60599,60600],{},[243,60601,3234,60602,3238],{"href":59718},[15,60603,24448],{},[142,60605,60606],{},[243,60607,59061],{"href":58156},[142,60609,60610],{},[243,60611,60612],{"href":11727},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,60614,60615,60616,60618],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,60617,52314],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1577,60620,60621],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":60623},[60624,60625,60626,60627,60630,60631,60637,60638,60648,60649,60658],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":14825,"depth":69,"text":14826},{"id":58953,"depth":69,"text":58954},{"id":59064,"depth":69,"text":59065,"children":60628},[60629],{"id":59266,"depth":91,"text":59267},{"id":59282,"depth":69,"text":59283},{"id":59479,"depth":69,"text":60632,"children":60633},"Create a list with list()",[60634,60635,60636],{"id":59504,"depth":91,"text":59505},{"id":59577,"depth":91,"text":59578},{"id":59642,"depth":91,"text":59643},{"id":59724,"depth":69,"text":59725},{"id":4182,"depth":69,"text":4183,"children":60639},[60640,60641,60643,60645,60646,60647],{"id":59861,"depth":91,"text":59862},{"id":59920,"depth":91,"text":60642},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60040,"depth":91,"text":60644},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60261,"depth":91,"text":60262},{"id":60346,"depth":91,"text":60347},{"id":60372,"depth":91,"text":60373},{"id":60457,"depth":69,"text":60458},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":60650},[60651,60652,60653,60655,60656],{"id":60498,"depth":91,"text":60499},{"id":60513,"depth":91,"text":60514},{"id":60540,"depth":91,"text":60654},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60552,"depth":91,"text":60553},{"id":60559,"depth":91,"text":60657},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58695,"description":60659},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60666,"title":60667,"body":60668,"description":62409,"extension":1611,"meta":62410,"navigation":184,"path":62411,"seo":62412,"stem":62413,"__hash__":62414},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60669,"toc":62364},[60670,60675,60680,60683,60685,60756,60761,60766,60770,60784,60789,60791,60811,60816,60819,60842,60846,60851,60943,60945,60967,60973,60979,60986,60993,60999,61056,61062,61120,61122,61134,61142,61148,61153,61157,61214,61217,61221,61280,61283,61287,61345,61357,61361,61414,61417,61421,61427,61433,61495,61498,61559,61562,61618,61623,61625,61629,61636,61697,61702,61711,61767,61774,61778,61836,61845,61903,61907,61942,61946,61956,61959,62014,62028,62031,62146,62151,62155,62166,62168,62247,62257,62259,62264,62269,62276,62284,62290,62293,62299,62302,62308,62314,62316,62352,62361],[10,60671,54003,60673,18],{"id":60672},"python-list-extend-method",[15,60674,53108],{},[20,60676,60677,60679],{},[15,60678,53009],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,60681,60682],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[30,60684,1653],{"id":1652},[35,60686,60688],{"className":37,"code":60687,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60689,60690,60706,60723,60727,60742,60752],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60691,60692,60694,60696,60698,60700,60702,60704],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60693,3276],{"class":50},[44,60695,55],{"class":54},[44,60697,3281],{"class":80},[44,60699,2643],{"class":1675},[44,60701,2646],{"class":80},[44,60703,2649],{"class":1675},[44,60705,3294],{"class":80},[44,60707,60708,60711,60713,60715,60717,60719,60721],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,60709,60710],{"class":50},"more_numbers ",[44,60712,55],{"class":54},[44,60714,3281],{"class":80},[44,60716,1714],{"class":1675},[44,60718,2646],{"class":80},[44,60720,2110],{"class":1675},[44,60722,3294],{"class":80},[44,60724,60725],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,60726,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,60728,60729,60731,60733,60735,60737,60740],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,60730,3308],{"class":50},[44,60732,81],{"class":80},[44,60734,53138],{"class":84},[44,60736,98],{"class":80},[44,60738,60739],{"class":84},"more_numbers",[44,60741,104],{"class":80},[44,60743,60744,60746,60748,60750],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,60745,95],{"class":94},[44,60747,98],{"class":80},[44,60749,3308],{"class":84},[44,60751,104],{"class":80},[44,60753,60754],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,60755,52385],{"class":3324},[20,60757,119,60758,60760],{},[15,60759,53108],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[30,60762,126,60764,129],{"id":60763},"what-listextend-does",[15,60765,53009],{},[20,60767,60768,2539],{},[15,60769,53108],{},[139,60771,60772,60775,60777,60780],{},[142,60773,60774],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[142,60776,54089],{},[142,60778,60779],{},"Does not create a new list",[142,60781,11084,60782],{},[15,60783,3439],{},[20,60785,60786,60787,53462],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,60788,53108],{},[30,60790,250],{"id":249},[35,60792,60794],{"className":37,"code":60793,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,60795,60796],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60797,60798,60801,60803,60805,60807,60809],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60799,60800],{"class":50},"list_name",[44,60802,81],{"class":80},[44,60804,53138],{"class":84},[44,60806,98],{"class":80},[44,60808,3381],{"class":84},[44,60810,104],{"class":80},[20,60812,5116,60813,60815],{},[830,60814,3381],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,60817,60818],{},"Common iterables include:",[139,60820,60821,60825,60829,60833,60838],{},[142,60822,60823],{},[15,60824,7754],{},[142,60826,60827],{},[15,60828,48615],{},[142,60830,60831],{},[15,60832,5952],{},[142,60834,60835],{},[15,60836,60837],{},"string",[142,60839,60840],{},[15,60841,59661],{},[30,60843,60845],{"id":60844},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,60847,60848,60849,2539],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,60850,53108],{},[35,60852,60854],{"className":37,"code":60853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,60855,60856,60880,60905,60909,60924,60928,60938],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60857,60858,60860,60862,60864,60866,60868,60870,60872,60874,60876,60878],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60859,35904],{"class":50},[44,60861,55],{"class":54},[44,60863,3281],{"class":80},[44,60865,362],{"class":58},[44,60867,3741],{"class":62},[44,60869,362],{"class":58},[44,60871,2646],{"class":80},[44,60873,59],{"class":58},[44,60875,3750],{"class":62},[44,60877,362],{"class":58},[44,60879,3294],{"class":80},[44,60881,60882,60885,60887,60889,60891,60893,60895,60897,60899,60901,60903],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,60883,60884],{"class":50},"more_fruits ",[44,60886,55],{"class":54},[44,60888,3281],{"class":80},[44,60890,362],{"class":58},[44,60892,32887],{"class":62},[44,60894,362],{"class":58},[44,60896,2646],{"class":80},[44,60898,59],{"class":58},[44,60900,22200],{"class":62},[44,60902,362],{"class":58},[44,60904,3294],{"class":80},[44,60906,60907],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,60908,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,60910,60911,60913,60915,60917,60919,60922],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,60912,35956],{"class":50},[44,60914,81],{"class":80},[44,60916,53138],{"class":84},[44,60918,98],{"class":80},[44,60920,60921],{"class":84},"more_fruits",[44,60923,104],{"class":80},[44,60925,60926],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,60927,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,60929,60930,60932,60934,60936],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,60931,95],{"class":94},[44,60933,98],{"class":80},[44,60935,35956],{"class":84},[44,60937,104],{"class":80},[44,60939,60940],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,60941,60942],{"class":3324},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,60944,11345],{},[139,60946,60947,60952,60957],{},[142,60948,60949,60951],{},[15,60950,35956],{}," starts with two items",[142,60953,60954,60956],{},[15,60955,60921],{}," has two more items",[142,60958,60959,60961,60962,60964,60965],{},[15,60960,53108],{}," adds each item from ",[15,60963,60921],{}," to ",[15,60966,35956],{},[20,60968,60969,60970,60972],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,60971,35956],{}," contains all four items.",[20,60974,54228,60975,4057,60977,81],{},[243,60976,52433],{"href":50641},[243,60978,56816],{"href":56815},[30,60980,60982,866,60984],{"id":60981},"extend-vs-append",[15,60983,53108],{},[15,60985,52314],{},[20,60987,60988,4057,60990,60992],{},[15,60989,53108],{},[15,60991,52314],{}," are often confused.",[267,60994,60996,60998],{"id":60995},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,60997,53108],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[35,61000,61002],{"className":37,"code":61001,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61003,61004,61020,61038,61042,61052],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61005,61006,61008,61010,61012,61014,61016,61018],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61007,3276],{"class":50},[44,61009,55],{"class":54},[44,61011,3281],{"class":80},[44,61013,2643],{"class":1675},[44,61015,2646],{"class":80},[44,61017,2649],{"class":1675},[44,61019,3294],{"class":80},[44,61021,61022,61024,61026,61028,61030,61032,61034,61036],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,61023,3308],{"class":50},[44,61025,81],{"class":80},[44,61027,53138],{"class":84},[44,61029,2640],{"class":80},[44,61031,1714],{"class":1675},[44,61033,2646],{"class":80},[44,61035,2110],{"class":1675},[44,61037,3549],{"class":80},[44,61039,61040],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,61041,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,61043,61044,61046,61048,61050],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,61045,95],{"class":94},[44,61047,98],{"class":80},[44,61049,3308],{"class":84},[44,61051,104],{"class":80},[44,61053,61054],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,61055,52385],{"class":3324},[267,61057,61059,61061],{"id":61058},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61060,52314],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[35,61063,61065],{"className":37,"code":61064,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61066,61067,61083,61101,61105,61115],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61068,61069,61071,61073,61075,61077,61079,61081],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61070,3276],{"class":50},[44,61072,55],{"class":54},[44,61074,3281],{"class":80},[44,61076,2643],{"class":1675},[44,61078,2646],{"class":80},[44,61080,2649],{"class":1675},[44,61082,3294],{"class":80},[44,61084,61085,61087,61089,61091,61093,61095,61097,61099],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,61086,3308],{"class":50},[44,61088,81],{"class":80},[44,61090,13216],{"class":84},[44,61092,2640],{"class":80},[44,61094,1714],{"class":1675},[44,61096,2646],{"class":80},[44,61098,2110],{"class":1675},[44,61100,3549],{"class":80},[44,61102,61103],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,61104,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,61106,61107,61109,61111,61113],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,61108,95],{"class":94},[44,61110,98],{"class":80},[44,61112,3308],{"class":84},[44,61114,104],{"class":80},[44,61116,61117],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,61118,61119],{"class":3324},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61121,18361],{},[139,61123,61124,61129],{},[142,61125,61126,61128],{},[15,61127,53108],{}," to combine values",[142,61130,61131,61133],{},[15,61132,52314],{}," to add one item",[20,61135,41757,61136,4057,61140,81],{},[243,61137,55181,61138,1555],{"href":56430},[15,61139,52314],{},[243,61141,52711],{"href":52710},[30,61143,675,61145,61147],{"id":61144},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61146,53108],{}," with different iterables",[20,61149,61150,61152],{},[15,61151,53108],{}," works with more than just lists.",[267,61154,61156],{"id":61155},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[35,61158,61160],{"className":37,"code":61159,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61161,61162,61178,61196,61200,61210],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61163,61164,61166,61168,61170,61172,61174,61176],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61165,3484],{"class":50},[44,61167,55],{"class":54},[44,61169,3281],{"class":80},[44,61171,2643],{"class":1675},[44,61173,2646],{"class":80},[44,61175,2649],{"class":1675},[44,61177,3294],{"class":80},[44,61179,61180,61182,61184,61186,61188,61190,61192,61194],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,61181,5022],{"class":50},[44,61183,81],{"class":80},[44,61185,53138],{"class":84},[44,61187,5175],{"class":80},[44,61189,1714],{"class":1675},[44,61191,2646],{"class":80},[44,61193,2110],{"class":1675},[44,61195,370],{"class":80},[44,61197,61198],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,61199,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,61201,61202,61204,61206,61208],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,61203,95],{"class":94},[44,61205,98],{"class":80},[44,61207,5022],{"class":84},[44,61209,104],{"class":80},[44,61211,61212],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,61213,52385],{"class":3324},[20,61215,61216],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[267,61218,61220],{"id":61219},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[35,61222,61224],{"className":37,"code":61223,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61225,61226,61242,61261,61265,61275],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61227,61228,61230,61232,61234,61236,61238,61240],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61229,35755],{"class":50},[44,61231,55],{"class":54},[44,61233,3281],{"class":80},[44,61235,362],{"class":58},[44,61237,243],{"class":62},[44,61239,362],{"class":58},[44,61241,3294],{"class":80},[44,61243,61244,61246,61248,61250,61252,61254,61257,61259],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,61245,35808],{"class":50},[44,61247,81],{"class":80},[44,61249,53138],{"class":84},[44,61251,98],{"class":80},[44,61253,362],{"class":58},[44,61255,61256],{"class":62},"bc",[44,61258,362],{"class":58},[44,61260,104],{"class":80},[44,61262,61263],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,61264,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,61266,61267,61269,61271,61273],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,61268,95],{"class":94},[44,61270,98],{"class":80},[44,61272,35808],{"class":84},[44,61274,104],{"class":80},[44,61276,61277],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,61278,61279],{"class":3324},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61281,61282],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[267,61284,61286],{"id":61285},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[35,61288,61290],{"className":37,"code":61289,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61291,61292,61304,61326,61330,61340],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61293,61294,61296,61298,61300,61302],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61295,3276],{"class":50},[44,61297,55],{"class":54},[44,61299,3281],{"class":80},[44,61301,1772],{"class":1675},[44,61303,3294],{"class":80},[44,61305,61306,61308,61310,61312,61314,61316,61318,61320,61322,61324],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,61307,3308],{"class":50},[44,61309,81],{"class":80},[44,61311,53138],{"class":84},[44,61313,98],{"class":80},[44,61315,59661],{"class":94},[44,61317,98],{"class":80},[44,61319,2643],{"class":1675},[44,61321,2646],{"class":80},[44,61323,2110],{"class":1675},[44,61325,370],{"class":80},[44,61327,61328],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,61329,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,61331,61332,61334,61336,61338],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,61333,95],{"class":94},[44,61335,98],{"class":80},[44,61337,3308],{"class":84},[44,61339,104],{"class":80},[44,61341,61342],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,61343,61344],{"class":3324},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61346,61347,61350,61351,839,61353,16737,61355,81],{},[15,61348,61349],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61352,2643],{},[15,61354,1708],{},[15,61356,1714],{},[267,61358,61360],{"id":61359},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[35,61362,61364],{"className":37,"code":61363,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61365,61366,61382,61400,61404],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61367,61368,61370,61372,61374,61376,61378,61380],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61369,7441],{"class":50},[44,61371,55],{"class":54},[44,61373,3281],{"class":80},[44,61375,2643],{"class":1675},[44,61377,2646],{"class":80},[44,61379,2649],{"class":1675},[44,61381,3294],{"class":80},[44,61383,61384,61386,61388,61390,61392,61394,61396,61398],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,61385,7472],{"class":50},[44,61387,81],{"class":80},[44,61389,53138],{"class":84},[44,61391,5194],{"class":80},[44,61393,1714],{"class":1675},[44,61395,2646],{"class":80},[44,61397,2110],{"class":1675},[44,61399,30164],{"class":80},[44,61401,61402],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,61403,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,61405,61406,61408,61410,61412],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,61407,95],{"class":94},[44,61409,98],{"class":80},[44,61411,7472],{"class":84},[44,61413,104],{"class":80},[20,61415,61416],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[30,61418,61420],{"id":61419},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61422,61423,2049,61425,81],{},[15,61424,53108],{},[15,61426,3439],{},[20,61428,61429,61430,2539],{},"That means this is ",[830,61431,61432],{},"wrong",[35,61434,61436],{"className":37,"code":61435,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61437,61438,61454,61476,61480,61490],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61439,61440,61442,61444,61446,61448,61450,61452],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61441,3276],{"class":50},[44,61443,55],{"class":54},[44,61445,3281],{"class":80},[44,61447,2643],{"class":1675},[44,61449,2646],{"class":80},[44,61451,2649],{"class":1675},[44,61453,3294],{"class":80},[44,61455,61456,61458,61460,61462,61464,61466,61468,61470,61472,61474],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,61457,1880],{"class":50},[44,61459,55],{"class":54},[44,61461,3926],{"class":50},[44,61463,81],{"class":80},[44,61465,53138],{"class":84},[44,61467,2640],{"class":80},[44,61469,1714],{"class":1675},[44,61471,2646],{"class":80},[44,61473,2110],{"class":1675},[44,61475,3549],{"class":80},[44,61477,61478],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,61479,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,61481,61482,61484,61486,61488],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,61483,95],{"class":94},[44,61485,98],{"class":80},[44,61487,1915],{"class":84},[44,61489,104],{"class":80},[44,61491,61492],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,61493,61494],{"class":3324},"# None\n",[20,61496,61497],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[35,61499,61501],{"className":37,"code":61500,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61502,61503,61519,61541,61545,61555],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61504,61505,61507,61509,61511,61513,61515,61517],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61506,3276],{"class":50},[44,61508,55],{"class":54},[44,61510,3281],{"class":80},[44,61512,2643],{"class":1675},[44,61514,2646],{"class":80},[44,61516,2649],{"class":1675},[44,61518,3294],{"class":80},[44,61520,61521,61523,61525,61527,61529,61531,61533,61535,61537,61539],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,61522,3276],{"class":50},[44,61524,55],{"class":54},[44,61526,3926],{"class":50},[44,61528,81],{"class":80},[44,61530,53138],{"class":84},[44,61532,2640],{"class":80},[44,61534,1714],{"class":1675},[44,61536,2646],{"class":80},[44,61538,2110],{"class":1675},[44,61540,3549],{"class":80},[44,61542,61543],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,61544,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,61546,61547,61549,61551,61553],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,61548,95],{"class":94},[44,61550,98],{"class":80},[44,61552,3308],{"class":84},[44,61554,104],{"class":80},[44,61556,61557],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,61558,61494],{"class":3324},[20,61560,61561],{},"The correct way is:",[35,61563,61564],{"className":37,"code":61001,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,61565,61566,61582,61600,61604,61614],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61567,61568,61570,61572,61574,61576,61578,61580],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61569,3276],{"class":50},[44,61571,55],{"class":54},[44,61573,3281],{"class":80},[44,61575,2643],{"class":1675},[44,61577,2646],{"class":80},[44,61579,2649],{"class":1675},[44,61581,3294],{"class":80},[44,61583,61584,61586,61588,61590,61592,61594,61596,61598],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,61585,3308],{"class":50},[44,61587,81],{"class":80},[44,61589,53138],{"class":84},[44,61591,2640],{"class":80},[44,61593,1714],{"class":1675},[44,61595,2646],{"class":80},[44,61597,2110],{"class":1675},[44,61599,3549],{"class":80},[44,61601,61602],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,61603,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,61605,61606,61608,61610,61612],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,61607,95],{"class":94},[44,61609,98],{"class":80},[44,61611,3308],{"class":84},[44,61613,104],{"class":80},[44,61615,61616],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,61617,52385],{"class":3324},[20,61619,55570,61620,61622],{},[15,61621,53108],{}," first, then use the original list.",[30,61624,4183],{"id":4182},[20,61626,14396,61627,81],{},[15,61628,53108],{},[267,61630,61632,61633,61635],{"id":61631},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,61634,53108],{}," to return a new list",[35,61637,61639],{"className":37,"code":61638,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61640,61641,61657,61679,61683,61693],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61642,61643,61645,61647,61649,61651,61653,61655],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61644,3276],{"class":50},[44,61646,55],{"class":54},[44,61648,3281],{"class":80},[44,61650,2643],{"class":1675},[44,61652,2646],{"class":80},[44,61654,2649],{"class":1675},[44,61656,3294],{"class":80},[44,61658,61659,61661,61663,61665,61667,61669,61671,61673,61675,61677],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,61660,55303],{"class":50},[44,61662,55],{"class":54},[44,61664,3926],{"class":50},[44,61666,81],{"class":80},[44,61668,53138],{"class":84},[44,61670,2640],{"class":80},[44,61672,1714],{"class":1675},[44,61674,2646],{"class":80},[44,61676,2110],{"class":1675},[44,61678,3549],{"class":80},[44,61680,61681],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,61682,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,61684,61685,61687,61689,61691],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,61686,95],{"class":94},[44,61688,98],{"class":80},[44,61690,55322],{"class":84},[44,61692,104],{"class":80},[44,61694,61695],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,61696,61494],{"class":3324},[20,61698,61699,61700,81],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,61701,53108],{},[267,61703,61705,61706,44292,61708,61710],{"id":61704},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,61707,52314],{},[15,61709,53108],{}," is needed",[35,61712,61713],{"className":37,"code":61064,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,61714,61715,61731,61749,61753,61763],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61716,61717,61719,61721,61723,61725,61727,61729],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61718,3276],{"class":50},[44,61720,55],{"class":54},[44,61722,3281],{"class":80},[44,61724,2643],{"class":1675},[44,61726,2646],{"class":80},[44,61728,2649],{"class":1675},[44,61730,3294],{"class":80},[44,61732,61733,61735,61737,61739,61741,61743,61745,61747],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,61734,3308],{"class":50},[44,61736,81],{"class":80},[44,61738,13216],{"class":84},[44,61740,2640],{"class":80},[44,61742,1714],{"class":1675},[44,61744,2646],{"class":80},[44,61746,2110],{"class":1675},[44,61748,3549],{"class":80},[44,61750,61751],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,61752,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,61754,61755,61757,61759,61761],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,61756,95],{"class":94},[44,61758,98],{"class":80},[44,61760,3308],{"class":84},[44,61762,104],{"class":80},[44,61764,61765],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,61766,61119],{"class":3324},[20,61768,61769,61770,53552,61772,860],{},"If you wanted ",[15,61771,53551],{},[15,61773,53108],{},[267,61775,61777],{"id":61776},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[35,61779,61781],{"className":37,"code":61780,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,61782,61783,61799,61817,61821,61831],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61784,61785,61787,61789,61791,61793,61795,61797],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61786,3732],{"class":50},[44,61788,55],{"class":54},[44,61790,3281],{"class":80},[44,61792,362],{"class":58},[44,61794,986],{"class":62},[44,61796,362],{"class":58},[44,61798,3294],{"class":80},[44,61800,61801,61803,61805,61807,61809,61811,61813,61815],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,61802,3776],{"class":50},[44,61804,81],{"class":80},[44,61806,53138],{"class":84},[44,61808,98],{"class":80},[44,61810,362],{"class":58},[44,61812,60254],{"class":62},[44,61814,362],{"class":58},[44,61816,104],{"class":80},[44,61818,61819],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,61820,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,61822,61823,61825,61827,61829],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,61824,95],{"class":94},[44,61826,98],{"class":80},[44,61828,3776],{"class":84},[44,61830,104],{"class":80},[44,61832,61833],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,61834,61835],{"class":3324},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,61837,61838,61839,61842,61843,2539],{},"If you want ",[15,61840,61841],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,61844,52314],{},[35,61846,61848],{"className":37,"code":61847,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,61849,61850,61866,61884,61888,61898],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61851,61852,61854,61856,61858,61860,61862,61864],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61853,3732],{"class":50},[44,61855,55],{"class":54},[44,61857,3281],{"class":80},[44,61859,362],{"class":58},[44,61861,986],{"class":62},[44,61863,362],{"class":58},[44,61865,3294],{"class":80},[44,61867,61868,61870,61872,61874,61876,61878,61880,61882],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,61869,3776],{"class":50},[44,61871,81],{"class":80},[44,61873,13216],{"class":84},[44,61875,98],{"class":80},[44,61877,362],{"class":58},[44,61879,60254],{"class":62},[44,61881,362],{"class":58},[44,61883,104],{"class":80},[44,61885,61886],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,61887,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,61889,61890,61892,61894,61896],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,61891,95],{"class":94},[44,61893,98],{"class":80},[44,61895,3776],{"class":84},[44,61897,104],{"class":80},[44,61899,61900],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,61901,61902],{"class":3324},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[267,61904,61906],{"id":61905},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[35,61908,61910],{"className":37,"code":61909,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,61911,61912,61928],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61913,61914,61916,61918,61920,61922,61924,61926],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61915,3276],{"class":50},[44,61917,55],{"class":54},[44,61919,3281],{"class":80},[44,61921,2643],{"class":1675},[44,61923,2646],{"class":80},[44,61925,2649],{"class":1675},[44,61927,3294],{"class":80},[44,61929,61930,61932,61934,61936,61938,61940],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,61931,3308],{"class":50},[44,61933,81],{"class":80},[44,61935,53138],{"class":84},[44,61937,98],{"class":80},[44,61939,1789],{"class":1675},[44,61941,104],{"class":80},[20,61943,39320,61944,6215],{},[15,61945,1789],{},[20,61947,61948,61949,61951,61952,61955],{},"You will get a ",[15,61950,2662],{},". See ",[243,61953,61954],{"href":52261},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,61957,61958],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[35,61960,61962],{"className":37,"code":61961,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,61963,61964,61974,61988,62000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61965,61966,61968,61970,61972],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61967,95],{"class":94},[44,61969,98],{"class":80},[44,61971,8000],{"class":84},[44,61973,104],{"class":80},[44,61975,61976,61978,61980,61982,61984,61986],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,61977,95],{"class":94},[44,61979,98],{"class":80},[44,61981,2880],{"class":1461},[44,61983,98],{"class":80},[44,61985,5022],{"class":84},[44,61987,370],{"class":80},[44,61989,61990,61992,61994,61996,61998],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,61991,95],{"class":94},[44,61993,98],{"class":80},[44,61995,1915],{"class":84},[44,61997,3321],{"class":80},[44,61999,104],{"class":50},[44,62001,62002,62004,62006,62008,62010,62012],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,62003,1456],{"class":94},[44,62005,98],{"class":80},[44,62007,7754],{"class":1461},[44,62009,81],{"class":80},[44,62011,53138],{"class":1467},[44,62013,104],{"class":80},[43242,62015,62016],{},[20,62017,62018,62019,62022,62023,62025,62026,81],{},"Note: ",[15,62020,62021],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62024,3321],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62027,32693],{},[20,62029,62030],{},"Correct debugging example:",[35,62032,62034],{"className":37,"code":62033,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62035,62036,62052,62068,62072,62086,62090,62098,62108,62122,62132],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62037,62038,62040,62042,62044,62046,62048,62050],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62039,7969],{"class":50},[44,62041,55],{"class":54},[44,62043,3281],{"class":80},[44,62045,2643],{"class":1675},[44,62047,2646],{"class":80},[44,62049,2649],{"class":1675},[44,62051,3294],{"class":80},[44,62053,62054,62056,62058,62060,62062,62064,62066],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,62055,3484],{"class":50},[44,62057,55],{"class":54},[44,62059,3281],{"class":80},[44,62061,1714],{"class":1675},[44,62063,2646],{"class":80},[44,62065,2110],{"class":1675},[44,62067,3294],{"class":80},[44,62069,62070],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,62071,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,62073,62074,62076,62078,62080,62082,62084],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,62075,8000],{"class":50},[44,62077,81],{"class":80},[44,62079,53138],{"class":84},[44,62081,98],{"class":80},[44,62083,5022],{"class":84},[44,62085,104],{"class":80},[44,62087,62088],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,62089,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,62091,62092,62094,62096],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,62093,1880],{"class":50},[44,62095,55],{"class":54},[44,62097,48189],{"class":3513},[44,62099,62100,62102,62104,62106],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,62101,95],{"class":94},[44,62103,98],{"class":80},[44,62105,8000],{"class":84},[44,62107,104],{"class":80},[44,62109,62110,62112,62114,62116,62118,62120],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,62111,95],{"class":94},[44,62113,98],{"class":80},[44,62115,2880],{"class":1461},[44,62117,98],{"class":80},[44,62119,5022],{"class":84},[44,62121,370],{"class":80},[44,62123,62124,62126,62128,62130],{"class":46,"line":6095},[44,62125,95],{"class":94},[44,62127,98],{"class":80},[44,62129,1915],{"class":84},[44,62131,104],{"class":80},[44,62133,62134,62136,62138,62140,62142,62144],{"class":46,"line":6100},[44,62135,1456],{"class":94},[44,62137,98],{"class":80},[44,62139,7754],{"class":1461},[44,62141,81],{"class":80},[44,62143,53138],{"class":1467},[44,62145,104],{"class":80},[30,62147,1133,62149],{"id":62148},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62150,53108],{},[20,62152,119,62153,5982],{},[15,62154,53108],{},[139,62156,62157,62160,62163],{},[142,62158,62159],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[142,62161,62162],{},"Add multiple values at once",[142,62164,62165],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62167,5136],{},[35,62169,62171],{"className":37,"code":62170,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62172,62173,62190,62208,62212,62228,62232,62242],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62174,62175,62178,62180,62182,62184,62186,62188],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62176,62177],{"class":50},"all_scores ",[44,62179,55],{"class":54},[44,62181,3281],{"class":80},[44,62183,13165],{"class":1675},[44,62185,2646],{"class":80},[44,62187,13170],{"class":1675},[44,62189,3294],{"class":80},[44,62191,62192,62195,62197,62199,62201,62203,62206],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,62193,62194],{"class":50},"new_scores ",[44,62196,55],{"class":54},[44,62198,3281],{"class":80},[44,62200,51167],{"class":1675},[44,62202,2646],{"class":80},[44,62204,62205],{"class":1675}," 92",[44,62207,3294],{"class":80},[44,62209,62210],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,62211,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,62213,62214,62217,62219,62221,62223,62226],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,62215,62216],{"class":50},"all_scores",[44,62218,81],{"class":80},[44,62220,53138],{"class":84},[44,62222,98],{"class":80},[44,62224,62225],{"class":84},"new_scores",[44,62227,104],{"class":80},[44,62229,62230],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,62231,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,62233,62234,62236,62238,62240],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,62235,95],{"class":94},[44,62237,98],{"class":80},[44,62239,62216],{"class":84},[44,62241,104],{"class":80},[44,62243,62244],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,62245,62246],{"class":3324},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62248,62249,62250,62252,62253,81],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62251,52314],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[243,62254,55181,62255,1555],{"href":53569},[15,62256,53929],{},[30,62258,1478],{"id":1477},[267,62260,1482,62262,55130],{"id":62261},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62263,53009],{},[20,62265,62266,62267,81],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62268,3439],{},[267,62270,4842,62272,4057,62274,1520],{"id":62271},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62273,53108],{},[15,62275,52314],{},[20,62277,62278,62280,62281,62283],{},[15,62279,53108],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62282,52314],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[267,62285,27996,62287,62289],{"id":62286},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62288,53108],{}," with a string?",[20,62291,62292],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[267,62294,27996,62296,62298],{"id":62295},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62297,53108],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62300,62301],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[267,62303,62305,62306,1520],{"id":62304},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62307,53108],{},[20,62309,62310,62311,62313],{},"You get a ",[15,62312,2662],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[30,62315,1545],{"id":1544},[139,62317,62318,62324,62328,62332,62336,62342,62346],{},[142,62319,62320],{},[243,62321,55181,62322,1555],{"href":56430},[15,62323,52314],{},[142,62325,62326],{},[243,62327,53939],{"href":52710},[142,62329,62330],{},[243,62331,56890],{"href":56815},[142,62333,62334],{},[243,62335,52433],{"href":50641},[142,62337,62338],{},[243,62339,55181,62340,1555],{"href":53569},[15,62341,53929],{},[142,62343,62344],{},[243,62345,61954],{"href":52261},[142,62347,62348],{},[243,62349,55181,62350,1555],{"href":54621},[15,62351,12439],{},[20,62353,62354,62355,62357,62358,62360],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62356,52314],{},", when to use ",[15,62359,53929],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1577,62362,62363],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":62365},[62366,62367,62369,62370,62371,62378,62385,62386,62394,62396,62408],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":60763,"depth":69,"text":62368},"What list.extend() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":60844,"depth":69,"text":60845},{"id":60981,"depth":69,"text":62372,"children":62373},"extend() vs append()",[62374,62376],{"id":60995,"depth":91,"text":62375},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61058,"depth":91,"text":62377},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61144,"depth":69,"text":62379,"children":62380},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62381,62382,62383,62384],{"id":61155,"depth":91,"text":61156},{"id":61219,"depth":91,"text":61220},{"id":61285,"depth":91,"text":61286},{"id":61359,"depth":91,"text":61360},{"id":61419,"depth":69,"text":61420},{"id":4182,"depth":69,"text":4183,"children":62387},[62388,62390,62392,62393],{"id":61631,"depth":91,"text":62389},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61704,"depth":91,"text":62391},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":61776,"depth":91,"text":61777},{"id":61905,"depth":91,"text":61906},{"id":62148,"depth":69,"text":62395},"When to use extend()",{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":62397},[62398,62400,62402,62404,62406],{"id":62261,"depth":91,"text":62399},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62271,"depth":91,"text":62401},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62286,"depth":91,"text":62403},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62295,"depth":91,"text":62405},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62304,"depth":91,"text":62407},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60667,"description":62409},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62416,"title":62417,"body":62418,"description":64508,"extension":1611,"meta":64509,"navigation":184,"path":64510,"seo":64511,"stem":64512,"__hash__":64513},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62419,"toc":64471},[62420,62423,62428,62434,62445,62451,62453,62522,62524,62573,62581,62585,62590,62593,62604,62609,62611,62613,62634,62647,62650,62663,62665,62670,62695,62697,62705,62708,62777,62779,62803,62809,62813,62817,62853,62855,62875,62882,62886,62919,62921,62954,62959,62963,62996,62998,63026,63034,63038,63075,63077,63098,63101,63105,63174,63176,63200,63206,63213,63217,63220,63222,63236,63239,63263,63265,63290,63293,63312,63314,63340,63349,63353,63360,63437,63439,63480,63486,63492,63583,63585,63641,63644,63649,63653,63658,63662,63721,63723,63748,63752,63815,63817,63842,63846,63909,63911,63954,63957,63961,63965,63987,63991,64073,64075,64110,64118,64120,64124,64128,64130,64157,64162,64164,64191,64198,64201,64224,64226,64275,64278,64281,64300,64304,64307,64358,64361,64367,64371,64376,64379,64381,64387,64396,64400,64406,64410,64413,64417,64420,64424,64430,64432,64468],[10,62421,62417],{"id":62422},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62424,8782,62425,62427],{},[15,62426,24448],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62429,62430,62431,62433],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62432,24448],{}," for two main reasons:",[139,62435,62436,62439],{},[142,62437,62438],{},"to make an empty list",[142,62440,62441,62442,62444],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62443,59661],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62446,62447,62448,62450],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62449,24448],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[30,62452,1653],{"id":1652},[35,62454,62456],{"className":37,"code":62455,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62457,62458,62480,62498,62502,62512],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62459,62460,62462,62464,62466,62468,62470,62472,62474,62476,62478],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62461,3276],{"class":50},[44,62463,55],{"class":54},[44,62465,22227],{"class":1461},[44,62467,5175],{"class":80},[44,62469,2643],{"class":1675},[44,62471,2646],{"class":80},[44,62473,2649],{"class":1675},[44,62475,2646],{"class":80},[44,62477,2104],{"class":1675},[44,62479,370],{"class":80},[44,62481,62482,62484,62486,62488,62490,62492,62494,62496],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,62483,35755],{"class":50},[44,62485,55],{"class":54},[44,62487,22227],{"class":1461},[44,62489,98],{"class":80},[44,62491,362],{"class":58},[44,62493,804],{"class":62},[44,62495,362],{"class":58},[44,62497,104],{"class":80},[44,62499,62500],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,62501,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,62503,62504,62506,62508,62510],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,62505,95],{"class":94},[44,62507,98],{"class":80},[44,62509,3308],{"class":84},[44,62511,104],{"class":80},[44,62513,62514,62516,62518,62520],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,62515,95],{"class":94},[44,62517,98],{"class":80},[44,62519,35808],{"class":84},[44,62521,104],{"class":80},[20,62523,107],{},[35,62525,62527],{"className":37,"code":62526,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62528,62529,62545],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62530,62531,62533,62535,62537,62539,62541,62543],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62532,3561],{"class":80},[44,62534,2643],{"class":1675},[44,62536,2646],{"class":80},[44,62538,2649],{"class":1675},[44,62540,2646],{"class":80},[44,62542,2104],{"class":1675},[44,62544,3294],{"class":80},[44,62546,62547,62549,62551,62553,62555,62557,62559,62561,62563,62565,62567,62569,62571],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,62548,3561],{"class":80},[44,62550,655],{"class":58},[44,62552,243],{"class":62},[44,62554,655],{"class":58},[44,62556,2646],{"class":80},[44,62558,2955],{"class":58},[44,62560,842],{"class":62},[44,62562,655],{"class":58},[44,62564,2646],{"class":80},[44,62566,2955],{"class":58},[44,62568,846],{"class":62},[44,62570,655],{"class":58},[44,62572,3294],{"class":80},[20,62574,119,62575,62577,62578,62580],{},[15,62576,24448],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62579,59661],{},", set, or dictionary.",[30,62582,62584],{"id":62583},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,62586,62587,62589],{},[15,62588,24448],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,62591,62592],{},"It can:",[139,62594,62595,62598,62601],{},[142,62596,62597],{},"create a new list object",[142,62599,62600],{},"make an empty list",[142,62602,62603],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,62605,62606,62607,81],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[243,62608,52433],{"href":50641},[30,62610,250],{"id":249},[20,62612,253],{},[35,62614,62616],{"className":37,"code":62615,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,62617,62618,62624],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62619,62620,62622],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62621,7754],{"class":1461},[44,62623,88],{"class":80},[44,62625,62626,62628,62630,62632],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,62627,7754],{"class":1461},[44,62629,98],{"class":80},[44,62631,3381],{"class":84},[44,62633,104],{"class":80},[139,62635,62636,62641],{},[142,62637,62638,62640],{},[15,62639,24448],{}," makes an empty list",[142,62642,62643,62646],{},[15,62644,62645],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,62648,62649],{},"Common iterable values include:",[139,62651,62652,62654,62656,62658,62661],{},[142,62653,4972],{},[142,62655,4966],{},[142,62657,4969],{},[142,62659,62660],{},"ranges",[142,62662,6913],{},[30,62664,59283],{"id":59282},[20,62666,119,62667,62669],{},[15,62668,24448],{}," with no arguments:",[35,62671,62673],{"className":37,"code":62672,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,62674,62675,62685],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62676,62677,62679,62681,62683],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62678,7441],{"class":50},[44,62680,55],{"class":54},[44,62682,22227],{"class":1461},[44,62684,88],{"class":80},[44,62686,62687,62689,62691,62693],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,62688,95],{"class":94},[44,62690,98],{"class":80},[44,62692,7472],{"class":84},[44,62694,104],{"class":80},[20,62696,107],{},[35,62698,62699],{"className":37,"code":37963,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,62700,62701],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62702,62703],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62704,37963],{"class":80},[20,62706,62707],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[35,62709,62711],{"className":37,"code":62710,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62712,62713,62723,62727,62745,62763,62767],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62714,62715,62717,62719,62721],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62716,7441],{"class":50},[44,62718,55],{"class":54},[44,62720,22227],{"class":1461},[44,62722,88],{"class":80},[44,62724,62725],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,62726,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,62728,62729,62731,62733,62735,62737,62739,62741,62743],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,62730,7472],{"class":50},[44,62732,81],{"class":80},[44,62734,13216],{"class":84},[44,62736,98],{"class":80},[44,62738,362],{"class":58},[44,62740,3741],{"class":62},[44,62742,362],{"class":58},[44,62744,104],{"class":80},[44,62746,62747,62749,62751,62753,62755,62757,62759,62761],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,62748,7472],{"class":50},[44,62750,81],{"class":80},[44,62752,13216],{"class":84},[44,62754,98],{"class":80},[44,62756,362],{"class":58},[44,62758,3750],{"class":62},[44,62760,362],{"class":58},[44,62762,104],{"class":80},[44,62764,62765],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,62766,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,62768,62769,62771,62773,62775],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,62770,95],{"class":94},[44,62772,98],{"class":80},[44,62774,7472],{"class":84},[44,62776,104],{"class":80},[20,62778,107],{},[35,62780,62781],{"className":37,"code":38089,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,62782,62783],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62784,62785,62787,62789,62791,62793,62795,62797,62799,62801],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62786,3561],{"class":80},[44,62788,655],{"class":58},[44,62790,3741],{"class":62},[44,62792,655],{"class":58},[44,62794,2646],{"class":80},[44,62796,2955],{"class":58},[44,62798,3750],{"class":62},[44,62800,655],{"class":58},[44,62802,3294],{"class":80},[20,62804,62805,62806,62808],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,62807,3448],{},". Both are valid.",[30,62810,62812],{"id":62811},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[267,62814,62816],{"id":62815},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[35,62818,62819],{"className":37,"code":59581,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,62820,62821,62843],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62822,62823,62825,62827,62829,62831,62833,62835,62837,62839,62841],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62824,3276],{"class":50},[44,62826,55],{"class":54},[44,62828,22227],{"class":1461},[44,62830,5175],{"class":80},[44,62832,2643],{"class":1675},[44,62834,2646],{"class":80},[44,62836,2649],{"class":1675},[44,62838,2646],{"class":80},[44,62840,2104],{"class":1675},[44,62842,370],{"class":80},[44,62844,62845,62847,62849,62851],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,62846,95],{"class":94},[44,62848,98],{"class":80},[44,62850,3308],{"class":84},[44,62852,104],{"class":80},[20,62854,107],{},[35,62856,62857],{"className":37,"code":54811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,62858,62859],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62860,62861,62863,62865,62867,62869,62871,62873],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62862,3561],{"class":80},[44,62864,2643],{"class":1675},[44,62866,2646],{"class":80},[44,62868,2649],{"class":1675},[44,62870,2646],{"class":80},[44,62872,2104],{"class":1675},[44,62874,3294],{"class":80},[20,62876,62877,62878,81],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[243,62879,62881],{"href":62880},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[267,62883,62885],{"id":62884},"string-to-list","String to list",[35,62887,62889],{"className":37,"code":62888,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62890,62891,62909],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62892,62893,62895,62897,62899,62901,62903,62905,62907],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62894,35755],{"class":50},[44,62896,55],{"class":54},[44,62898,22227],{"class":1461},[44,62900,98],{"class":80},[44,62902,362],{"class":58},[44,62904,36712],{"class":62},[44,62906,362],{"class":58},[44,62908,104],{"class":80},[44,62910,62911,62913,62915,62917],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,62912,95],{"class":94},[44,62914,98],{"class":80},[44,62916,35808],{"class":84},[44,62918,104],{"class":80},[20,62920,107],{},[35,62922,62924],{"className":37,"code":62923,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,62925,62926],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62927,62928,62930,62932,62934,62936,62938,62940,62942,62944,62946,62948,62950,62952],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62929,3561],{"class":80},[44,62931,655],{"class":58},[44,62933,846],{"class":62},[44,62935,655],{"class":58},[44,62937,2646],{"class":80},[44,62939,2955],{"class":58},[44,62941,243],{"class":62},[44,62943,655],{"class":58},[44,62945,2646],{"class":80},[44,62947,2955],{"class":58},[44,62949,1107],{"class":62},[44,62951,655],{"class":58},[44,62953,3294],{"class":80},[20,62955,62956,62958],{},[15,62957,24448],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[267,62960,62962],{"id":62961},"range-to-list","Range to list",[35,62964,62966],{"className":37,"code":62965,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,62967,62968,62986],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62969,62970,62972,62974,62976,62978,62980,62982,62984],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62971,3276],{"class":50},[44,62973,55],{"class":54},[44,62975,22227],{"class":1461},[44,62977,98],{"class":80},[44,62979,59661],{"class":94},[44,62981,98],{"class":80},[44,62983,1789],{"class":1675},[44,62985,370],{"class":80},[44,62987,62988,62990,62992,62994],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,62989,95],{"class":94},[44,62991,98],{"class":80},[44,62993,3308],{"class":84},[44,62995,104],{"class":80},[20,62997,107],{},[35,62999,63000],{"className":37,"code":59684,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,63001,63002],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63003,63004,63006,63008,63010,63012,63014,63016,63018,63020,63022,63024],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63005,3561],{"class":80},[44,63007,1772],{"class":1675},[44,63009,2646],{"class":80},[44,63011,5162],{"class":1675},[44,63013,2646],{"class":80},[44,63015,2649],{"class":1675},[44,63017,2646],{"class":80},[44,63019,2104],{"class":1675},[44,63021,2646],{"class":80},[44,63023,2110],{"class":1675},[44,63025,3294],{"class":80},[20,63027,63028,63029,63033],{},"This is common when working with ",[243,63030,63031],{"href":35860},[15,63032,35863],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[267,63035,63037],{"id":63036},"set-to-list","Set to list",[35,63039,63041],{"className":37,"code":63040,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63042,63043,63065],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63044,63045,63047,63049,63051,63053,63055,63057,63059,63061,63063],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63046,3484],{"class":50},[44,63048,55],{"class":54},[44,63050,22227],{"class":1461},[44,63052,5194],{"class":80},[44,63054,1982],{"class":1675},[44,63056,2646],{"class":80},[44,63058,7452],{"class":1675},[44,63060,2646],{"class":80},[44,63062,7457],{"class":1675},[44,63064,30164],{"class":80},[44,63066,63067,63069,63071,63073],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,63068,95],{"class":94},[44,63070,98],{"class":80},[44,63072,5022],{"class":84},[44,63074,104],{"class":80},[20,63076,16623],{},[35,63078,63080],{"className":37,"code":63079,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63081,63082],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63083,63084,63086,63088,63090,63092,63094,63096],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63085,3561],{"class":80},[44,63087,1982],{"class":1675},[44,63089,2646],{"class":80},[44,63091,7452],{"class":1675},[44,63093,2646],{"class":80},[44,63095,7457],{"class":1675},[44,63097,3294],{"class":80},[20,63099,63100],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[267,63102,63104],{"id":63103},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[35,63106,63108],{"className":37,"code":63107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63109,63110,63146,63160,63164],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63111,63112,63114,63116,63118,63120,63122,63124,63126,63128,63130,63132,63134,63136,63138,63140,63142,63144],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63113,12867],{"class":50},[44,63115,55],{"class":54},[44,63117,10151],{"class":80},[44,63119,362],{"class":58},[44,63121,302],{"class":62},[44,63123,362],{"class":58},[44,63125,2539],{"class":80},[44,63127,59],{"class":58},[44,63129,12543],{"class":62},[44,63131,362],{"class":58},[44,63133,2646],{"class":80},[44,63135,59],{"class":58},[44,63137,8959],{"class":62},[44,63139,362],{"class":58},[44,63141,2539],{"class":80},[44,63143,8966],{"class":1675},[44,63145,8969],{"class":80},[44,63147,63148,63150,63152,63154,63156,63158],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,63149,1880],{"class":50},[44,63151,55],{"class":54},[44,63153,22227],{"class":1461},[44,63155,98],{"class":80},[44,63157,16972],{"class":84},[44,63159,104],{"class":80},[44,63161,63162],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,63163,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,63165,63166,63168,63170,63172],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,63167,95],{"class":94},[44,63169,98],{"class":80},[44,63171,1915],{"class":84},[44,63173,104],{"class":80},[20,63175,107],{},[35,63177,63178],{"className":37,"code":25148,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,63179,63180],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63181,63182,63184,63186,63188,63190,63192,63194,63196,63198],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63183,3561],{"class":80},[44,63185,655],{"class":58},[44,63187,302],{"class":62},[44,63189,655],{"class":58},[44,63191,2646],{"class":80},[44,63193,2955],{"class":58},[44,63195,8959],{"class":62},[44,63197,655],{"class":58},[44,63199,3294],{"class":80},[20,63201,63202,63203,63205],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63204,24448],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63207,63208,63209,81],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[243,63210,63212],{"href":63211},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[30,63214,63216],{"id":63215},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63218,63219],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63221,60818],{},[139,63223,63224,63226,63228,63230,63232,63234],{},[142,63225,4963],{},[142,63227,4966],{},[142,63229,4972],{},[142,63231,4969],{},[142,63233,62660],{},[142,63235,6913],{},[20,63237,63238],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[35,63240,63242],{"className":37,"code":63241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63243,63244],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63245,63246,63248,63250,63252,63254,63256,63259,63261],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63247,95],{"class":94},[44,63249,98],{"class":80},[44,63251,7754],{"class":1461},[44,63253,98],{"class":80},[44,63255,362],{"class":58},[44,63257,63258],{"class":62},"hi",[44,63260,362],{"class":58},[44,63262,370],{"class":80},[20,63264,107],{},[35,63266,63268],{"className":37,"code":63267,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63269,63270],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63271,63272,63274,63276,63278,63280,63282,63284,63286,63288],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63273,3561],{"class":80},[44,63275,655],{"class":58},[44,63277,60101],{"class":62},[44,63279,655],{"class":58},[44,63281,2646],{"class":80},[44,63283,2955],{"class":58},[44,63285,35819],{"class":62},[44,63287,655],{"class":58},[44,63289,3294],{"class":80},[20,63291,63292],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[35,63294,63296],{"className":37,"code":63295,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63297,63298],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63299,63300,63302,63304,63306,63308,63310],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63301,95],{"class":94},[44,63303,98],{"class":80},[44,63305,7754],{"class":1461},[44,63307,98],{"class":80},[44,63309,1789],{"class":1675},[44,63311,370],{"class":80},[20,63313,107],{},[35,63315,63317],{"className":37,"code":63316,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63318,63319],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63320,63321,63323,63325,63327,63329,63331,63333,63335,63337],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63322,2662],{"class":1461},[44,63324,2539],{"class":80},[44,63326,2955],{"class":58},[44,63328,1840],{"class":62},[44,63330,655],{"class":58},[44,63332,24285],{"class":1461},[44,63334,7757],{"class":54},[44,63336,7760],{"class":54},[44,63338,63339],{"class":50}," iterable\n",[20,63341,63342,63343,63345,63346,81],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[243,63344,4799],{"href":5251},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[243,63347,63348],{"href":52261},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[30,63350,63352],{"id":63351},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63354,63355,63356,63359],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63357,63358],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[35,63361,63363],{"className":37,"code":63362,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63364,63365,63385,63399,63403,63413,63423],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63366,63367,63369,63371,63373,63375,63377,63379,63381,63383],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63368,11748],{"class":50},[44,63370,55],{"class":54},[44,63372,3281],{"class":80},[44,63374,2643],{"class":1675},[44,63376,2646],{"class":80},[44,63378,2649],{"class":1675},[44,63380,2646],{"class":80},[44,63382,2104],{"class":1675},[44,63384,3294],{"class":80},[44,63386,63387,63389,63391,63393,63395,63397],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,63388,13974],{"class":50},[44,63390,55],{"class":54},[44,63392,22227],{"class":1461},[44,63394,98],{"class":80},[44,63396,11795],{"class":84},[44,63398,104],{"class":80},[44,63400,63401],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,63402,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,63404,63405,63407,63409,63411],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,63406,95],{"class":94},[44,63408,98],{"class":80},[44,63410,11795],{"class":84},[44,63412,104],{"class":80},[44,63414,63415,63417,63419,63421],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,63416,95],{"class":94},[44,63418,98],{"class":80},[44,63420,13993],{"class":84},[44,63422,104],{"class":80},[44,63424,63425,63427,63429,63431,63433,63435],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,63426,95],{"class":94},[44,63428,98],{"class":80},[44,63430,11748],{"class":84},[44,63432,11856],{"class":524},[44,63434,14047],{"class":84},[44,63436,104],{"class":80},[20,63438,107],{},[35,63440,63442],{"className":37,"code":63441,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63443,63444,63460,63476],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63445,63446,63448,63450,63452,63454,63456,63458],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63447,3561],{"class":80},[44,63449,2643],{"class":1675},[44,63451,2646],{"class":80},[44,63453,2649],{"class":1675},[44,63455,2646],{"class":80},[44,63457,2104],{"class":1675},[44,63459,3294],{"class":80},[44,63461,63462,63464,63466,63468,63470,63472,63474],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,63463,3561],{"class":80},[44,63465,2643],{"class":1675},[44,63467,2646],{"class":80},[44,63469,2649],{"class":1675},[44,63471,2646],{"class":80},[44,63473,2104],{"class":1675},[44,63475,3294],{"class":80},[44,63477,63478],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,63479,3702],{"class":3513},[20,63481,63482,63483,63485],{},"This means ",[15,63484,13993],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63487,63488,63489,63491],{},"However, this is only a ",[830,63490,12513],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[35,63493,63495],{"className":37,"code":63494,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63496,63497,63523,63537,63541,63559,63563,63573],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63498,63499,63501,63503,63505,63507,63509,63511,63513,63515,63517,63519,63521],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63500,11748],{"class":50},[44,63502,55],{"class":54},[44,63504,55955],{"class":80},[44,63506,2643],{"class":1675},[44,63508,2646],{"class":80},[44,63510,2649],{"class":1675},[44,63512,17728],{"class":80},[44,63514,3281],{"class":80},[44,63516,1714],{"class":1675},[44,63518,2646],{"class":80},[44,63520,2110],{"class":1675},[44,63522,52904],{"class":80},[44,63524,63525,63527,63529,63531,63533,63535],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,63526,13974],{"class":50},[44,63528,55],{"class":54},[44,63530,22227],{"class":1461},[44,63532,98],{"class":80},[44,63534,11795],{"class":84},[44,63536,104],{"class":80},[44,63538,63539],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,63540,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,63542,63543,63545,63547,63549,63551,63553,63555,63557],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,63544,13993],{"class":50},[44,63546,3561],{"class":80},[44,63548,1772],{"class":1675},[44,63550,13213],{"class":80},[44,63552,13216],{"class":84},[44,63554,98],{"class":80},[44,63556,56008],{"class":1675},[44,63558,104],{"class":80},[44,63560,63561],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,63562,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,63564,63565,63567,63569,63571],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,63566,95],{"class":94},[44,63568,98],{"class":80},[44,63570,11795],{"class":84},[44,63572,104],{"class":80},[44,63574,63575,63577,63579,63581],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,63576,95],{"class":94},[44,63578,98],{"class":80},[44,63580,13993],{"class":84},[44,63582,104],{"class":80},[20,63584,107],{},[35,63586,63587],{"className":37,"code":56039,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,63588,63589,63615],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63590,63591,63593,63595,63597,63599,63601,63603,63605,63607,63609,63611,63613],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63592,56046],{"class":80},[44,63594,2643],{"class":1675},[44,63596,2646],{"class":80},[44,63598,2649],{"class":1675},[44,63600,2646],{"class":80},[44,63602,9857],{"class":1675},[44,63604,17728],{"class":80},[44,63606,3281],{"class":80},[44,63608,1714],{"class":1675},[44,63610,2646],{"class":80},[44,63612,2110],{"class":1675},[44,63614,52904],{"class":80},[44,63616,63617,63619,63621,63623,63625,63627,63629,63631,63633,63635,63637,63639],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,63618,56046],{"class":80},[44,63620,2643],{"class":1675},[44,63622,2646],{"class":80},[44,63624,2649],{"class":1675},[44,63626,2646],{"class":80},[44,63628,9857],{"class":1675},[44,63630,17728],{"class":80},[44,63632,3281],{"class":80},[44,63634,1714],{"class":1675},[44,63636,2646],{"class":80},[44,63638,2110],{"class":1675},[44,63640,52904],{"class":80},[20,63642,63643],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,63645,63646,63647,81],{},"For more on this, see ",[243,63648,13454],{"href":13453},[30,63650,63652],{"id":63651},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,63654,63655,63656,81],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,63657,24448],{},[267,63659,63661],{"id":63660},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[35,63663,63665],{"className":37,"code":63664,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,63666,63667,63707],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63668,63669,63671,63673,63675,63677,63679,63681,63683,63685,63687,63689,63691,63693,63695,63697,63699,63701,63703,63705],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63670,12526],{"class":50},[44,63672,55],{"class":54},[44,63674,10151],{"class":80},[44,63676,362],{"class":58},[44,63678,302],{"class":62},[44,63680,362],{"class":58},[44,63682,2539],{"class":80},[44,63684,59],{"class":58},[44,63686,7583],{"class":62},[44,63688,362],{"class":58},[44,63690,2646],{"class":80},[44,63692,59],{"class":58},[44,63694,19558],{"class":62},[44,63696,362],{"class":58},[44,63698,2539],{"class":80},[44,63700,59],{"class":58},[44,63702,21912],{"class":62},[44,63704,362],{"class":58},[44,63706,8969],{"class":80},[44,63708,63709,63711,63713,63715,63717,63719],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,63710,95],{"class":94},[44,63712,98],{"class":80},[44,63714,7754],{"class":1461},[44,63716,98],{"class":80},[44,63718,13289],{"class":84},[44,63720,370],{"class":80},[20,63722,107],{},[35,63724,63726],{"className":37,"code":63725,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,63727,63728],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63729,63730,63732,63734,63736,63738,63740,63742,63744,63746],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63731,3561],{"class":80},[44,63733,655],{"class":58},[44,63735,302],{"class":62},[44,63737,655],{"class":58},[44,63739,2646],{"class":80},[44,63741,2955],{"class":58},[44,63743,19558],{"class":62},[44,63745,655],{"class":58},[44,63747,3294],{"class":80},[267,63749,63751],{"id":63750},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[35,63753,63755],{"className":37,"code":63754,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,63756,63757,63797],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63758,63759,63761,63763,63765,63767,63769,63771,63773,63775,63777,63779,63781,63783,63785,63787,63789,63791,63793,63795],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63760,12526],{"class":50},[44,63762,55],{"class":54},[44,63764,10151],{"class":80},[44,63766,362],{"class":58},[44,63768,302],{"class":62},[44,63770,362],{"class":58},[44,63772,2539],{"class":80},[44,63774,59],{"class":58},[44,63776,7583],{"class":62},[44,63778,362],{"class":58},[44,63780,2646],{"class":80},[44,63782,59],{"class":58},[44,63784,19558],{"class":62},[44,63786,362],{"class":58},[44,63788,2539],{"class":80},[44,63790,59],{"class":58},[44,63792,21912],{"class":62},[44,63794,362],{"class":58},[44,63796,8969],{"class":80},[44,63798,63799,63801,63803,63805,63807,63809,63811,63813],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,63800,95],{"class":94},[44,63802,98],{"class":80},[44,63804,7754],{"class":1461},[44,63806,98],{"class":80},[44,63808,13289],{"class":84},[44,63810,81],{"class":80},[44,63812,5022],{"class":84},[44,63814,642],{"class":80},[20,63816,107],{},[35,63818,63820],{"className":37,"code":63819,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,63821,63822],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63823,63824,63826,63828,63830,63832,63834,63836,63838,63840],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63825,3561],{"class":80},[44,63827,655],{"class":58},[44,63829,7583],{"class":62},[44,63831,655],{"class":58},[44,63833,2646],{"class":80},[44,63835,2955],{"class":58},[44,63837,21912],{"class":62},[44,63839,655],{"class":58},[44,63841,3294],{"class":80},[267,63843,63845],{"id":63844},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[35,63847,63849],{"className":37,"code":63848,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,63850,63851,63891],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63852,63853,63855,63857,63859,63861,63863,63865,63867,63869,63871,63873,63875,63877,63879,63881,63883,63885,63887,63889],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63854,12526],{"class":50},[44,63856,55],{"class":54},[44,63858,10151],{"class":80},[44,63860,362],{"class":58},[44,63862,302],{"class":62},[44,63864,362],{"class":58},[44,63866,2539],{"class":80},[44,63868,59],{"class":58},[44,63870,7583],{"class":62},[44,63872,362],{"class":58},[44,63874,2646],{"class":80},[44,63876,59],{"class":58},[44,63878,19558],{"class":62},[44,63880,362],{"class":58},[44,63882,2539],{"class":80},[44,63884,59],{"class":58},[44,63886,21912],{"class":62},[44,63888,362],{"class":58},[44,63890,8969],{"class":80},[44,63892,63893,63895,63897,63899,63901,63903,63905,63907],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,63894,95],{"class":94},[44,63896,98],{"class":80},[44,63898,7754],{"class":1461},[44,63900,98],{"class":80},[44,63902,13289],{"class":84},[44,63904,81],{"class":80},[44,63906,7472],{"class":84},[44,63908,642],{"class":80},[20,63910,107],{},[35,63912,63914],{"className":37,"code":63913,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,63915,63916],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63917,63918,63920,63922,63924,63926,63928,63930,63932,63934,63936,63938,63940,63942,63944,63946,63948,63950,63952],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63919,21407],{"class":80},[44,63921,655],{"class":58},[44,63923,302],{"class":62},[44,63925,655],{"class":58},[44,63927,2646],{"class":80},[44,63929,2955],{"class":58},[44,63931,7583],{"class":62},[44,63933,655],{"class":58},[44,63935,8893],{"class":80},[44,63937,8896],{"class":80},[44,63939,655],{"class":58},[44,63941,19558],{"class":62},[44,63943,655],{"class":58},[44,63945,2646],{"class":80},[44,63947,2955],{"class":58},[44,63949,21912],{"class":62},[44,63951,655],{"class":58},[44,63953,8909],{"class":80},[20,63955,63956],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[30,63958,63960],{"id":63959},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,63962,119,63963,10261],{},[15,63964,24448],{},[139,63966,63967,63975,63984],{},[142,63968,63969,63970,2532,63972],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,63971,52314],{},[15,63973,63974],{},"sort()",[142,63976,63977,63978,2532,63980,63983],{},"you want to convert ",[15,63979,35863],{},[15,63981,63982],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[142,63985,63986],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,63988,45703,63989,2539],{},[15,63990,63982],{},[35,63992,63994],{"className":37,"code":63993,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,63995,63996,64020,64036,64040,64063],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63997,63998,64000,64002,64004,64006,64008,64010,64012,64014,64016,64018],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63999,4657],{"class":50},[44,64001,55],{"class":54},[44,64003,3281],{"class":80},[44,64005,362],{"class":58},[44,64007,12543],{"class":62},[44,64009,362],{"class":58},[44,64011,2646],{"class":80},[44,64013,59],{"class":58},[44,64015,35605],{"class":62},[44,64017,362],{"class":58},[44,64019,3294],{"class":80},[44,64021,64022,64024,64026,64028,64030,64032,64034],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,64023,4726],{"class":50},[44,64025,55],{"class":54},[44,64027,3281],{"class":80},[44,64029,13165],{"class":1675},[44,64031,2646],{"class":80},[44,64033,13170],{"class":1675},[44,64035,3294],{"class":80},[44,64037,64038],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,64039,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,64041,64042,64044,64046,64048,64050,64053,64055,64057,64059,64061],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,64043,8875],{"class":50},[44,64045,55],{"class":54},[44,64047,22227],{"class":1461},[44,64049,98],{"class":80},[44,64051,64052],{"class":94},"zip",[44,64054,98],{"class":80},[44,64056,4701],{"class":84},[44,64058,2646],{"class":80},[44,64060,4773],{"class":84},[44,64062,370],{"class":80},[44,64064,64065,64067,64069,64071],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,64066,95],{"class":94},[44,64068,98],{"class":80},[44,64070,8922],{"class":84},[44,64072,104],{"class":80},[20,64074,107],{},[35,64076,64078],{"className":37,"code":64077,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64079,64080],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64081,64082,64084,64086,64088,64090,64092,64094,64096,64098,64100,64102,64104,64106,64108],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64083,21407],{"class":80},[44,64085,655],{"class":58},[44,64087,12543],{"class":62},[44,64089,655],{"class":58},[44,64091,2646],{"class":80},[44,64093,19565],{"class":1675},[44,64095,8893],{"class":80},[44,64097,8896],{"class":80},[44,64099,655],{"class":58},[44,64101,35605],{"class":62},[44,64103,655],{"class":58},[44,64105,2646],{"class":80},[44,64107,13170],{"class":1675},[44,64109,8909],{"class":80},[20,64111,64112,64113,64115,64116,81],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64114,52314],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[243,64117,52711],{"href":52710},[30,64119,4183],{"id":4182},[20,64121,56437,64122,81],{},[15,64123,24448],{},[267,64125,64127],{"id":64126},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64129,4190],{},[35,64131,64133],{"className":37,"code":64132,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64134,64135,64139],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64136,64137],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64138,4200],{"class":3324},[44,64140,64141,64143,64145,64147,64149,64151,64153,64155],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,64142,7754],{"class":1461},[44,64144,98],{"class":80},[44,64146,2643],{"class":1675},[44,64148,2646],{"class":80},[44,64150,2649],{"class":1675},[44,64152,2646],{"class":80},[44,64154,2104],{"class":1675},[44,64156,104],{"class":80},[20,64158,64159,64161],{},[15,64160,24448],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64163,18361],{},[35,64165,64167],{"className":37,"code":64166,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64168,64169],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64170,64171,64173,64175,64177,64179,64181,64183,64185,64187,64189],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64172,95],{"class":94},[44,64174,98],{"class":80},[44,64176,7754],{"class":1461},[44,64178,5175],{"class":80},[44,64180,2643],{"class":1675},[44,64182,2646],{"class":80},[44,64184,2649],{"class":1675},[44,64186,2646],{"class":80},[44,64188,2104],{"class":1675},[44,64190,2567],{"class":80},[267,64192,64194,64195],{"id":64193},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[44,64196,64197],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64199,64200],{},"This is a common surprise:",[35,64202,64204],{"className":37,"code":64203,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64205,64206],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64207,64208,64210,64212,64214,64216,64218,64220,64222],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64209,95],{"class":94},[44,64211,98],{"class":80},[44,64213,7754],{"class":1461},[44,64215,98],{"class":80},[44,64217,362],{"class":58},[44,64219,986],{"class":62},[44,64221,362],{"class":58},[44,64223,370],{"class":80},[20,64225,107],{},[35,64227,64229],{"className":37,"code":64228,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64230,64231],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64232,64233,64235,64237,64239,64241,64243,64245,64247,64249,64251,64253,64255,64257,64259,64261,64263,64265,64267,64269,64271,64273],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64234,3561],{"class":80},[44,64236,655],{"class":58},[44,64238,60101],{"class":62},[44,64240,655],{"class":58},[44,64242,2646],{"class":80},[44,64244,2955],{"class":58},[44,64246,60110],{"class":62},[44,64248,655],{"class":58},[44,64250,2646],{"class":80},[44,64252,2955],{"class":58},[44,64254,60119],{"class":62},[44,64256,655],{"class":58},[44,64258,2646],{"class":80},[44,64260,2955],{"class":58},[44,64262,60119],{"class":62},[44,64264,655],{"class":58},[44,64266,2646],{"class":80},[44,64268,2955],{"class":58},[44,64270,60136],{"class":62},[44,64272,655],{"class":58},[44,64274,3294],{"class":80},[20,64276,64277],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64279,64280],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[35,64282,64284],{"className":37,"code":64283,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64285,64286],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64287,64288,64290,64292,64294,64296,64298],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64289,95],{"class":94},[44,64291,2640],{"class":80},[44,64293,362],{"class":58},[44,64295,986],{"class":62},[44,64297,362],{"class":58},[44,64299,3549],{"class":80},[267,64301,64303],{"id":64302},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64305,64306],{},"This:",[35,64308,64310],{"className":37,"code":64309,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64311,64312,64344],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64313,64314,64316,64318,64320,64322,64324,64326,64328,64330,64332,64334,64336,64338,64340,64342],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64315,8825],{"class":50},[44,64317,55],{"class":54},[44,64319,10151],{"class":80},[44,64321,362],{"class":58},[44,64323,243],{"class":62},[44,64325,362],{"class":58},[44,64327,2539],{"class":80},[44,64329,5162],{"class":1675},[44,64331,2646],{"class":80},[44,64333,59],{"class":58},[44,64335,842],{"class":62},[44,64337,362],{"class":58},[44,64339,2539],{"class":80},[44,64341,2649],{"class":1675},[44,64343,8969],{"class":80},[44,64345,64346,64348,64350,64352,64354,64356],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,64347,95],{"class":94},[44,64349,98],{"class":80},[44,64351,7754],{"class":1461},[44,64353,98],{"class":80},[44,64355,8864],{"class":84},[44,64357,370],{"class":80},[20,64359,64360],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64362,119,64363,64366],{},[15,64364,64365],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[267,64368,64370],{"id":64369},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64372,64373,64375],{},[15,64374,24448],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64377,64378],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[30,64380,1478],{"id":1477},[267,64382,4842,64384,64386],{"id":64383},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[44,64385],{}," and list()?",[20,64388,64389,64390,64392,64393,64395],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64391,3448],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64394,24448],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[267,64397,64399],{"id":64398},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64401,64402,64403,64405],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64404,24448],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[267,64407,64409],{"id":64408},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64411,64412],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[267,64414,64416],{"id":64415},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64418,64419],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[267,64421,64423],{"id":64422},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64425,64426,64427,64429],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64428,24448],{}," cannot loop through it.",[30,64431,1545],{"id":1544},[139,64433,64434,64438,64443,64447,64451,64455,64459,64464],{},[142,64435,64436],{},[243,64437,52433],{"href":50641},[142,64439,64440],{},[243,64441,64442],{"href":35860},"Python range() function explained",[142,64444,64445],{},[243,64446,62881],{"href":62880},[142,64448,64449],{},[243,64450,63212],{"href":63211},[142,64452,64453],{},[243,64454,4879],{"href":5251},[142,64456,64457],{},[243,64458,13454],{"href":13453},[142,64460,64461],{},[243,64462,64463],{"href":52261},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[142,64465,64466],{},[243,64467,53939],{"href":52710},[1577,64469,64470],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":64472},[64473,64474,64475,64476,64477,64484,64485,64486,64491,64492,64499,64507],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":62583,"depth":69,"text":62584},{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":59282,"depth":69,"text":59283},{"id":62811,"depth":69,"text":62812,"children":64478},[64479,64480,64481,64482,64483],{"id":62815,"depth":91,"text":62816},{"id":62884,"depth":91,"text":62885},{"id":62961,"depth":91,"text":62962},{"id":63036,"depth":91,"text":63037},{"id":63103,"depth":91,"text":63104},{"id":63215,"depth":69,"text":63216},{"id":63351,"depth":69,"text":63352},{"id":63651,"depth":69,"text":63652,"children":64487},[64488,64489,64490],{"id":63660,"depth":91,"text":63661},{"id":63750,"depth":91,"text":63751},{"id":63844,"depth":91,"text":63845},{"id":63959,"depth":69,"text":63960},{"id":4182,"depth":69,"text":4183,"children":64493},[64494,64495,64497,64498],{"id":64126,"depth":91,"text":64127},{"id":64193,"depth":91,"text":64496},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64302,"depth":91,"text":64303},{"id":64369,"depth":91,"text":64370},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":64500},[64501,64503,64504,64505,64506],{"id":64383,"depth":91,"text":64502},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64398,"depth":91,"text":64399},{"id":64408,"depth":91,"text":64409},{"id":64415,"depth":91,"text":64416},{"id":64422,"depth":91,"text":64423},{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62417,"description":64508},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64515,"title":64516,"body":64517,"description":65868,"extension":1611,"meta":65869,"navigation":184,"path":65870,"seo":65871,"stem":65872,"__hash__":65873},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64518,"toc":65842},[64519,64524,64530,64539,64541,64614,64623,64628,64632,64648,64652,64654,64656,64675,64678,64706,64709,64734,64742,64744,64749,64756,64758,64815,64817,64825,64831,64835,64838,64911,64913,64921,64924,64947,64954,64960,64964,64970,65041,65043,65051,65060,65067,65074,65082,65226,65228,65245,65248,65287,65290,65294,65299,65301,65360,65366,65369,65476,65478,65493,65496,65503,65505,65509,65657,65660,65721,65724,65727,65748,65753,65757,65768,65771,65773,65778,65781,65789,65794,65800,65803,65809,65817,65819,65839],[10,64520,54003,64522,18],{"id":64521},"python-list-index-method",[15,64523,58630],{},[20,64525,64526,64529],{},[15,64527,64528],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64531,64532,64533,64536,64537,81],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[830,64534,64535],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64538,40371],{},[30,64540,33],{"id":32},[35,64542,64544],{"className":37,"code":64543,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64545,64546,64578,64601],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64547,64548,64550,64552,64554,64556,64558,64560,64562,64564,64566,64568,64570,64572,64574,64576],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64549,7441],{"class":50},[44,64551,55],{"class":54},[44,64553,3281],{"class":80},[44,64555,362],{"class":58},[44,64557,3741],{"class":62},[44,64559,362],{"class":58},[44,64561,2646],{"class":80},[44,64563,59],{"class":58},[44,64565,3750],{"class":62},[44,64567,362],{"class":58},[44,64569,2646],{"class":80},[44,64571,59],{"class":58},[44,64573,3759],{"class":62},[44,64575,362],{"class":58},[44,64577,3294],{"class":80},[44,64579,64580,64583,64585,64587,64589,64591,64593,64595,64597,64599],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,64581,64582],{"class":50},"position ",[44,64584,55],{"class":54},[44,64586,5631],{"class":50},[44,64588,81],{"class":80},[44,64590,35510],{"class":84},[44,64592,98],{"class":80},[44,64594,362],{"class":58},[44,64596,3750],{"class":62},[44,64598,362],{"class":58},[44,64600,104],{"class":80},[44,64602,64603,64605,64607,64610,64612],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,64604,95],{"class":94},[44,64606,98],{"class":80},[44,64608,64609],{"class":84},"position",[44,64611,3321],{"class":80},[44,64613,27447],{"class":3324},[20,64615,119,64616,64619,64620,64622],{},[15,64617,64618],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,64621,40371],{}," if the item is not found.",[30,64624,126,64626,129],{"id":64625},"what-listindex-does",[15,64627,64528],{},[20,64629,64630,2539],{},[15,64631,64528],{},[139,64633,64634,64637,64640,64645],{},[142,64635,64636],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[142,64638,64639],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[142,64641,64642,64643],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,64644,1772],{},[142,64646,64647],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,64649,54228,64650,81],{},[243,64651,52433],{"href":54231},[30,64653,250],{"id":249},[20,64655,30393],{},[35,64657,64659],{"className":37,"code":64658,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,64660,64661],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64662,64663,64665,64667,64669,64671,64673],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64664,8000],{"class":50},[44,64666,81],{"class":80},[44,64668,35510],{"class":84},[44,64670,98],{"class":80},[44,64672,2126],{"class":84},[44,64674,104],{"class":80},[20,64676,64677],{},"You can also limit the search:",[35,64679,64681],{"className":37,"code":64680,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,64682,64683],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64684,64685,64687,64689,64691,64693,64695,64697,64699,64701,64704],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64686,8000],{"class":50},[44,64688,81],{"class":80},[44,64690,35510],{"class":84},[44,64692,98],{"class":80},[44,64694,2126],{"class":84},[44,64696,2646],{"class":80},[44,64698,35716],{"class":84},[44,64700,2646],{"class":80},[44,64702,64703],{"class":84}," end",[44,64705,104],{"class":80},[20,64707,64708],{},"Here is what each part means:",[139,64710,64711,64716,64721,64726],{},[142,64712,64713,64715],{},[15,64714,2126],{},": the item to search for",[142,64717,64718,64720],{},[15,64719,35737],{},": where the search begins",[142,64722,64723,64725],{},[15,64724,52322],{},": where the search stops",[142,64727,64728,1118,64730,64733],{},[15,64729,52322],{},[830,64731,64732],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,64735,64736,64737,64739,64740,81],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,64738,35737],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,64741,52322],{},[30,64743,37686],{"id":37685},[20,64745,64746,64748],{},[15,64747,64528],{}," returns an integer.",[20,64750,64751,64752,64755],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[830,64753,64754],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,64757,161],{},[35,64759,64761],{"className":37,"code":64760,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,64762,64763,64783,64801,64805],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64764,64765,64767,64769,64771,64773,64775,64777,64779,64781],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64766,3276],{"class":50},[44,64768,55],{"class":54},[44,64770,3281],{"class":80},[44,64772,1982],{"class":1675},[44,64774,2646],{"class":80},[44,64776,7452],{"class":1675},[44,64778,2646],{"class":80},[44,64780,7457],{"class":1675},[44,64782,3294],{"class":80},[44,64784,64785,64787,64789,64791,64793,64795,64797,64799],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,64786,1880],{"class":50},[44,64788,55],{"class":54},[44,64790,3926],{"class":50},[44,64792,81],{"class":80},[44,64794,35510],{"class":84},[44,64796,98],{"class":80},[44,64798,15418],{"class":1675},[44,64800,104],{"class":80},[44,64802,64803],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,64804,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,64806,64807,64809,64811,64813],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,64808,95],{"class":94},[44,64810,98],{"class":80},[44,64812,1915],{"class":84},[44,64814,104],{"class":80},[20,64816,107],{},[35,64818,64819],{"className":37,"code":46579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,64820,64821],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64822,64823],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64824,46579],{"class":1675},[20,64826,64827,64828,64830],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,64829,58630],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[30,64832,64834],{"id":64833},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,64836,64837],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[35,64839,64841],{"className":37,"code":64840,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,64842,64843,64875,64897,64901],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64844,64845,64847,64849,64851,64853,64855,64857,64859,64861,64863,64865,64867,64869,64871,64873],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64846,35904],{"class":50},[44,64848,55],{"class":54},[44,64850,3281],{"class":80},[44,64852,362],{"class":58},[44,64854,3741],{"class":62},[44,64856,362],{"class":58},[44,64858,2646],{"class":80},[44,64860,59],{"class":58},[44,64862,3750],{"class":62},[44,64864,362],{"class":58},[44,64866,2646],{"class":80},[44,64868,59],{"class":58},[44,64870,3759],{"class":62},[44,64872,362],{"class":58},[44,64874,3294],{"class":80},[44,64876,64877,64879,64881,64883,64885,64887,64889,64891,64893,64895],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,64878,64582],{"class":50},[44,64880,55],{"class":54},[44,64882,52513],{"class":50},[44,64884,81],{"class":80},[44,64886,35510],{"class":84},[44,64888,98],{"class":80},[44,64890,362],{"class":58},[44,64892,3759],{"class":62},[44,64894,362],{"class":58},[44,64896,104],{"class":80},[44,64898,64899],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,64900,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,64902,64903,64905,64907,64909],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,64904,95],{"class":94},[44,64906,98],{"class":80},[44,64908,64609],{"class":84},[44,64910,104],{"class":80},[20,64912,107],{},[35,64914,64915],{"className":37,"code":16721,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,64916,64917],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64918,64919],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64920,16721],{"class":1675},[20,64922,64923],{},"In this list:",[139,64925,64926,64933,64940],{},[142,64927,64928,64930,64931],{},[15,64929,57495],{}," is at index ",[15,64932,1772],{},[142,64934,64935,64930,64938],{},[15,64936,64937],{},"\"banana\"",[15,64939,2643],{},[142,64941,64942,64930,64945],{},[15,64943,64944],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,64946,1708],{},[20,64948,1114,64949,2049,64952,81],{},[15,64950,64951],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,64953,1708],{},[20,64955,51205,64956,81],{},[243,64957,64959],{"href":64958},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[30,64961,64963],{"id":64962},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,64965,64966,64967,64969],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,64968,58630],{}," returns the first match only.",[35,64971,64973],{"className":37,"code":64972,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,64974,64975,65015,65019],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64976,64977,64979,64981,64983,64985,64987,64989,64991,64993,64995,64997,64999,65001,65003,65005,65007,65009,65011,65013],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64978,12738],{"class":50},[44,64980,55],{"class":54},[44,64982,3281],{"class":80},[44,64984,362],{"class":58},[44,64986,12755],{"class":62},[44,64988,362],{"class":58},[44,64990,2646],{"class":80},[44,64992,59],{"class":58},[44,64994,12772],{"class":62},[44,64996,362],{"class":58},[44,64998,2646],{"class":80},[44,65000,59],{"class":58},[44,65002,12755],{"class":62},[44,65004,362],{"class":58},[44,65006,2646],{"class":80},[44,65008,59],{"class":58},[44,65010,17121],{"class":62},[44,65012,362],{"class":58},[44,65014,3294],{"class":80},[44,65016,65017],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,65018,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,65020,65021,65023,65025,65027,65029,65031,65033,65035,65037,65039],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,65022,95],{"class":94},[44,65024,98],{"class":80},[44,65026,17168],{"class":84},[44,65028,81],{"class":80},[44,65030,35510],{"class":84},[44,65032,98],{"class":80},[44,65034,362],{"class":58},[44,65036,12755],{"class":62},[44,65038,362],{"class":58},[44,65040,370],{"class":80},[20,65042,107],{},[35,65044,65045],{"className":37,"code":46914,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,65046,65047],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65048,65049],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65050,46914],{"class":1675},[20,65052,20645,65053,65056,65057,65059],{},[15,65054,65055],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65058,1772],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65061,65062,65063,81],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[243,65064,55181,65065,1555],{"href":58689},[15,65066,56952],{},[30,65068,675,65070,4057,65072],{"id":65069},"using-start-and-end",[15,65071,35737],{},[15,65073,52322],{},[20,65075,65076,65077,4057,65079,65081],{},"The optional ",[15,65078,35737],{},[15,65080,52322],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[35,65083,65085],{"className":37,"code":65084,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65086,65087,65135,65139,65164,65193],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65088,65089,65091,65093,65095,65097,65099,65101,65103,65105,65107,65109,65111,65113,65115,65117,65119,65121,65123,65125,65127,65129,65131,65133],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65090,35755],{"class":50},[44,65092,55],{"class":54},[44,65094,3281],{"class":80},[44,65096,362],{"class":58},[44,65098,243],{"class":62},[44,65100,362],{"class":58},[44,65102,2646],{"class":80},[44,65104,59],{"class":58},[44,65106,842],{"class":62},[44,65108,362],{"class":58},[44,65110,2646],{"class":80},[44,65112,59],{"class":58},[44,65114,846],{"class":62},[44,65116,362],{"class":58},[44,65118,2646],{"class":80},[44,65120,59],{"class":58},[44,65122,842],{"class":62},[44,65124,362],{"class":58},[44,65126,2646],{"class":80},[44,65128,59],{"class":58},[44,65130,18434],{"class":62},[44,65132,362],{"class":58},[44,65134,3294],{"class":80},[44,65136,65137],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,65138,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,65140,65141,65143,65145,65147,65149,65151,65153,65155,65157,65159,65161],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,65142,95],{"class":94},[44,65144,98],{"class":80},[44,65146,35808],{"class":84},[44,65148,81],{"class":80},[44,65150,35510],{"class":84},[44,65152,98],{"class":80},[44,65154,362],{"class":58},[44,65156,842],{"class":62},[44,65158,362],{"class":58},[44,65160,5025],{"class":80},[44,65162,65163],{"class":3324},"        # first match\n",[44,65165,65166,65168,65170,65172,65174,65176,65178,65180,65182,65184,65186,65188,65190],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,65167,95],{"class":94},[44,65169,98],{"class":80},[44,65171,35808],{"class":84},[44,65173,81],{"class":80},[44,65175,35510],{"class":84},[44,65177,98],{"class":80},[44,65179,362],{"class":58},[44,65181,842],{"class":62},[44,65183,362],{"class":58},[44,65185,2646],{"class":80},[44,65187,2649],{"class":1675},[44,65189,5025],{"class":80},[44,65191,65192],{"class":3324},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[44,65194,65195,65197,65199,65201,65203,65205,65207,65209,65211,65213,65215,65217,65219,65221,65223],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,65196,95],{"class":94},[44,65198,98],{"class":80},[44,65200,35808],{"class":84},[44,65202,81],{"class":80},[44,65204,35510],{"class":84},[44,65206,98],{"class":80},[44,65208,362],{"class":58},[44,65210,842],{"class":62},[44,65212,362],{"class":58},[44,65214,2646],{"class":80},[44,65216,5162],{"class":1675},[44,65218,2646],{"class":80},[44,65220,2110],{"class":1675},[44,65222,5025],{"class":80},[44,65224,65225],{"class":3324},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65227,107],{},[35,65229,65231],{"className":37,"code":65230,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65232,65233,65237,65241],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65234,65235],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65236,46579],{"class":1675},[44,65238,65239],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,65240,46279],{"class":1675},[44,65242,65243],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,65244,46579],{"class":1675},[20,65246,65247],{},"How this works:",[139,65249,65250,65262,65275],{},[142,65251,65252,65255,65256,65259,65260],{},[15,65253,65254],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65257,65258],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65261,2643],{},[142,65263,65264,65267,65268,65270,65271,65259,65273],{},[15,65265,65266],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65269,1708],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65272,65258],{},[15,65274,1714],{},[142,65276,65277,65280,65281,839,65283,16737,65285],{},[15,65278,65279],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65282,2643],{},[15,65284,1708],{},[15,65286,1714],{},[20,65288,65289],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[30,65291,65293],{"id":65292},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65295,65296,65297,81],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65298,40371],{},[20,65300,161],{},[35,65302,65304],{"className":37,"code":65303,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65305,65306,65338],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65307,65308,65310,65312,65314,65316,65318,65320,65322,65324,65326,65328,65330,65332,65334,65336],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65309,7441],{"class":50},[44,65311,55],{"class":54},[44,65313,3281],{"class":80},[44,65315,362],{"class":58},[44,65317,3741],{"class":62},[44,65319,362],{"class":58},[44,65321,2646],{"class":80},[44,65323,59],{"class":58},[44,65325,3750],{"class":62},[44,65327,362],{"class":58},[44,65329,2646],{"class":80},[44,65331,59],{"class":58},[44,65333,3759],{"class":62},[44,65335,362],{"class":58},[44,65337,3294],{"class":80},[44,65339,65340,65342,65344,65346,65348,65350,65352,65354,65356,65358],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,65341,95],{"class":94},[44,65343,98],{"class":80},[44,65345,7472],{"class":84},[44,65347,81],{"class":80},[44,65349,35510],{"class":84},[44,65351,98],{"class":80},[44,65353,362],{"class":58},[44,65355,32887],{"class":62},[44,65357,362],{"class":58},[44,65359,370],{"class":80},[20,65361,39320,65362,65365],{},[15,65363,65364],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65367,65368],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[35,65370,65372],{"className":37,"code":65371,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65373,65374,65406,65419,65423,65436,65455,65461],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65375,65376,65378,65380,65382,65384,65386,65388,65390,65392,65394,65396,65398,65400,65402,65404],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65377,7441],{"class":50},[44,65379,55],{"class":54},[44,65381,3281],{"class":80},[44,65383,362],{"class":58},[44,65385,3741],{"class":62},[44,65387,362],{"class":58},[44,65389,2646],{"class":80},[44,65391,59],{"class":58},[44,65393,3750],{"class":62},[44,65395,362],{"class":58},[44,65397,2646],{"class":80},[44,65399,59],{"class":58},[44,65401,3759],{"class":62},[44,65403,362],{"class":58},[44,65405,3294],{"class":80},[44,65407,65408,65411,65413,65415,65417],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,65409,65410],{"class":50},"search_value ",[44,65412,55],{"class":54},[44,65414,59],{"class":58},[44,65416,32887],{"class":62},[44,65418,66],{"class":58},[44,65420,65421],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,65422,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,65424,65425,65427,65430,65432,65434],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,65426,525],{"class":524},[44,65428,65429],{"class":50}," search_value ",[44,65431,3544],{"class":54},[44,65433,5631],{"class":50},[44,65435,548],{"class":80},[44,65437,65438,65440,65442,65444,65446,65448,65450,65453],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,65439,553],{"class":94},[44,65441,98],{"class":80},[44,65443,7472],{"class":84},[44,65445,81],{"class":80},[44,65447,35510],{"class":84},[44,65449,98],{"class":80},[44,65451,65452],{"class":84},"search_value",[44,65454,370],{"class":80},[44,65456,65457,65459],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,65458,27101],{"class":524},[44,65460,548],{"class":80},[44,65462,65463,65465,65467,65469,65472,65474],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,65464,553],{"class":94},[44,65466,98],{"class":80},[44,65468,362],{"class":58},[44,65470,65471],{"class":62},"Item not found",[44,65473,362],{"class":58},[44,65475,104],{"class":80},[20,65477,107],{},[35,65479,65481],{"className":37,"code":65480,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Item not found\n",[15,65482,65483],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65484,65485,65488,65490],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65486,65487],{"class":50},"Item ",[44,65489,832],{"class":54},[44,65491,65492],{"class":50}," found\n",[20,65494,65495],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65497,65498,65499,81],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[243,65500,65502],{"href":65501},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[30,65504,4183],{"id":4182},[20,65506,20879,65507,2539],{},[15,65508,64528],{},[139,65510,65511,65529,65541,65601],{},[142,65512,25442,65513,2049,65515,65518,65519,65521,65522,4823,65524,65526,65527,81],{},[15,65514,58630],{},[15,65516,65517],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9506,65520],{},"\nPython does ",[830,65523,832],{},[15,65525,65517],{},". It raises ",[15,65528,40371],{},[142,65530,65531,65532,65534,65537,65538,65540],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9506,65533],{},[15,65535,65536],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65539,64937],{},", not the value itself.",[142,65542,675,65543,10752,65546,65548,65550,65551,16320,65553,65576,16308,65578],{},[15,65544,65545],{},"index[]",[15,65547,58630],{},[9506,65549],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9506,65552],{},[35,65554,65556],{"className":37,"code":65555,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65557,65558],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65559,65560,65562,65564,65566,65568,65570,65572,65574],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65561,7472],{"class":50},[44,65563,81],{"class":80},[44,65565,35510],{"class":84},[44,65567,98],{"class":80},[44,65569,362],{"class":58},[44,65571,3750],{"class":62},[44,65573,362],{"class":58},[44,65575,104],{"class":80},[9506,65577],{},[35,65579,65581],{"className":37,"code":65580,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,65582,65583],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65584,65585,65587,65589,65591,65593,65595,65597,65599],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65586,7472],{"class":50},[44,65588,81],{"class":80},[44,65590,35510],{"class":1467},[44,65592,3561],{"class":80},[44,65594,362],{"class":58},[44,65596,3750],{"class":62},[44,65598,362],{"class":58},[44,65600,3294],{"class":80},[142,65602,65603,65604,65606,4057,65609,65611,65612],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9506,65605],{},[15,65607,65608],{},"\"3\"",[15,65610,1714],{}," are different values in Python.",[35,65613,65615],{"className":37,"code":65614,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,65616,65617,65637],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65618,65619,65621,65623,65625,65627,65629,65631,65633,65635],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65620,3276],{"class":50},[44,65622,55],{"class":54},[44,65624,3281],{"class":80},[44,65626,2643],{"class":1675},[44,65628,2646],{"class":80},[44,65630,2649],{"class":1675},[44,65632,2646],{"class":80},[44,65634,2104],{"class":1675},[44,65636,3294],{"class":80},[44,65638,65639,65641,65643,65645,65647,65649,65651,65653,65655],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,65640,95],{"class":94},[44,65642,98],{"class":80},[44,65644,362],{"class":58},[44,65646,1714],{"class":62},[44,65648,362],{"class":58},[44,65650,20841],{"class":524},[44,65652,3926],{"class":84},[44,65654,3321],{"class":80},[44,65656,4435],{"class":3324},[20,65658,65659],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[35,65661,65663],{"className":37,"code":65662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,65664,65665,65675,65689,65703],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65666,65667,65669,65671,65673],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65668,95],{"class":94},[44,65670,98],{"class":80},[44,65672,8000],{"class":84},[44,65674,104],{"class":80},[44,65676,65677,65679,65681,65683,65685,65687],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,65678,95],{"class":94},[44,65680,98],{"class":80},[44,65682,2880],{"class":1461},[44,65684,98],{"class":80},[44,65686,65452],{"class":84},[44,65688,370],{"class":80},[44,65690,65691,65693,65695,65697,65699,65701],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,65692,95],{"class":94},[44,65694,98],{"class":80},[44,65696,65410],{"class":84},[44,65698,3544],{"class":524},[44,65700,8057],{"class":84},[44,65702,104],{"class":80},[44,65704,65705,65707,65709,65711,65713,65715,65717,65719],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,65706,95],{"class":94},[44,65708,98],{"class":80},[44,65710,8000],{"class":84},[44,65712,81],{"class":80},[44,65714,35510],{"class":84},[44,65716,98],{"class":80},[44,65718,65452],{"class":84},[44,65720,370],{"class":80},[20,65722,65723],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,65725,65726],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[139,65728,65729,65732,65739,65745],{},[142,65730,65731],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[142,65733,65734,65735,10752,65737],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,65736,65608],{},[15,65738,1714],{},[142,65740,65741,65742,65744],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,65743,58630],{}," returns only the first one",[142,65746,65747],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[30,65749,1133,65751],{"id":65750},"when-to-use-index",[15,65752,58630],{},[20,65754,119,65755,10261],{},[15,65756,58630],{},[139,65758,65759,65762,65765],{},[142,65760,65761],{},"You need the position of a known value",[142,65763,65764],{},"You are working with a small list",[142,65766,65767],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,65769,65770],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[30,65772,1478],{"id":1477},[267,65774,1504,65776,4807],{"id":65775},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,65777,64528],{},[20,65779,65780],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[267,65782,1482,65784,4823,65786,65788],{"id":65783},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,65785,64528],{},[15,65787,65517],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,65790,65791,65792,860],{},"No. It raises ",[15,65793,40371],{},[267,65795,4832,65797,65799],{"id":65796},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,65798,64528],{}," find all matching items?",[20,65801,65802],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[267,65804,65806,65807,1520],{"id":65805},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,65808,58630],{},[20,65810,65811,65812,4057,65814,65816],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,65813,35737],{},[15,65815,52322],{}," arguments.",[30,65818,1545],{"id":1544},[139,65820,65821,65825,65829,65833],{},[142,65822,65823],{},[243,65824,58618],{"href":64958},[142,65826,65827],{},[243,65828,52433],{"href":54231},[142,65830,65831],{},[243,65832,65502],{"href":65501},[142,65834,65835],{},[243,65836,55181,65837,1555],{"href":58689},[15,65838,56952],{},[1577,65840,65841],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":65843},[65844,65845,65847,65848,65849,65850,65851,65853,65854,65855,65857,65867],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":64625,"depth":69,"text":65846},"What list.index() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":37685,"depth":69,"text":37686},{"id":64833,"depth":69,"text":64834},{"id":64962,"depth":69,"text":64963},{"id":65069,"depth":69,"text":65852},"Using start and end",{"id":65292,"depth":69,"text":65293},{"id":4182,"depth":69,"text":4183},{"id":65750,"depth":69,"text":65856},"When to use index()",{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":65858},[65859,65861,65863,65865],{"id":65775,"depth":91,"text":65860},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":65783,"depth":91,"text":65862},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":65796,"depth":91,"text":65864},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":65805,"depth":91,"text":65866},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64516,"description":65868},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":65875,"title":65876,"body":65877,"description":67819,"extension":1611,"meta":67820,"navigation":184,"path":67821,"seo":67822,"stem":67823,"__hash__":67824},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":65878,"toc":67779},[65879,65884,65889,65892,65901,65958,65964,65969,65973,65987,65993,65995,66018,66035,66037,66098,66100,66132,66145,66147,66150,66250,66252,66330,66336,66340,66348,66352,66358,66413,66415,66439,66443,66446,66499,66501,66525,66529,66532,66585,66587,66611,66615,66621,66692,66694,66735,66741,66748,66751,66756,66764,66769,66777,66779,66876,66878,66947,66954,66959,66961,66965,66970,66972,67043,67045,67074,67080,67082,67109,67112,67135,67139,67142,67164,67167,67190,67192,67252,67254,67286,67292,67297,67350,67352,67377,67380,67429,67431,67452,67456,67461,67464,67519,67521,67548,67555,67559,67564,67635,67638,67652,67657,67662,67664,67678,67690,67695,67697,67702,67707,67711,67714,67720,67726,67733,67741,67743,67776],[10,65880,54003,65882,18],{"id":65881},"python-list-insert-method",[15,65883,53929],{},[20,65885,65886,65888],{},[15,65887,53572],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,65890,65891],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,65893,119,65894,65896,65897,81],{},[15,65895,53929],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[243,65898,55181,65899,1555],{"href":56430},[15,65900,52314],{},[35,65902,65904],{"className":37,"code":65903,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,65905,65906,65926,65944,65954],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65907,65908,65910,65912,65914,65916,65918,65920,65922,65924],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65909,3276],{"class":50},[44,65911,55],{"class":54},[44,65913,3281],{"class":80},[44,65915,2643],{"class":1675},[44,65917,2646],{"class":80},[44,65919,2649],{"class":1675},[44,65921,2646],{"class":80},[44,65923,2110],{"class":1675},[44,65925,3294],{"class":80},[44,65927,65928,65930,65932,65934,65936,65938,65940,65942],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,65929,3308],{"class":50},[44,65931,81],{"class":80},[44,65933,53612],{"class":84},[44,65935,98],{"class":80},[44,65937,1708],{"class":1675},[44,65939,2646],{"class":80},[44,65941,2104],{"class":1675},[44,65943,104],{"class":80},[44,65945,65946,65948,65950,65952],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,65947,95],{"class":94},[44,65949,98],{"class":80},[44,65951,3308],{"class":84},[44,65953,104],{"class":80},[44,65955,65956],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,65957,52385],{"class":3324},[20,65959,119,65960,65963],{},[15,65961,65962],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[30,65965,126,65967,129],{"id":65966},"what-listinsert-does",[15,65968,53572],{},[20,65970,65971,2539],{},[15,65972,53572],{},[139,65974,65975,65978,65981,65983],{},[142,65976,65977],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[142,65979,65980],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[142,65982,54089],{},[142,65984,11084,65985],{},[15,65986,3439],{},[20,65988,65989,65990,65992],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,65991,53929],{}," does not create a new list.",[30,65994,5095],{"id":5094},[35,65996,65998],{"className":37,"code":65997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,65999,66000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66001,66002,66004,66006,66008,66010,66012,66014,66016],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66003,8000],{"class":50},[44,66005,81],{"class":80},[44,66007,53612],{"class":84},[44,66009,98],{"class":80},[44,66011,35510],{"class":84},[44,66013,2646],{"class":80},[44,66015,29175],{"class":84},[44,66017,104],{"class":80},[139,66019,66020,66025,66030],{},[142,66021,66022,66024],{},[15,66023,35510],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[142,66026,66027,66029],{},[15,66028,22978],{}," is the value to add",[142,66031,66032,66033],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66034,1772],{},[20,66036,161],{},[35,66038,66040],{"className":37,"code":66039,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66041,66042,66066,66088],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66043,66044,66046,66048,66050,66052,66054,66056,66058,66060,66062,66064],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66045,35755],{"class":50},[44,66047,55],{"class":54},[44,66049,3281],{"class":80},[44,66051,362],{"class":58},[44,66053,243],{"class":62},[44,66055,362],{"class":58},[44,66057,2646],{"class":80},[44,66059,59],{"class":58},[44,66061,846],{"class":62},[44,66063,362],{"class":58},[44,66065,3294],{"class":80},[44,66067,66068,66070,66072,66074,66076,66078,66080,66082,66084,66086],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,66069,35808],{"class":50},[44,66071,81],{"class":80},[44,66073,53612],{"class":84},[44,66075,98],{"class":80},[44,66077,2643],{"class":1675},[44,66079,2646],{"class":80},[44,66081,59],{"class":58},[44,66083,842],{"class":62},[44,66085,362],{"class":58},[44,66087,104],{"class":80},[44,66089,66090,66092,66094,66096],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,66091,95],{"class":94},[44,66093,98],{"class":80},[44,66095,35808],{"class":84},[44,66097,104],{"class":80},[20,66099,107],{},[35,66101,66102],{"className":37,"code":42539,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,66103,66104],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66105,66106,66108,66110,66112,66114,66116,66118,66120,66122,66124,66126,66128,66130],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66107,3561],{"class":80},[44,66109,655],{"class":58},[44,66111,243],{"class":62},[44,66113,655],{"class":58},[44,66115,2646],{"class":80},[44,66117,2955],{"class":58},[44,66119,842],{"class":62},[44,66121,655],{"class":58},[44,66123,2646],{"class":80},[44,66125,2955],{"class":58},[44,66127,846],{"class":62},[44,66129,655],{"class":58},[44,66131,3294],{"class":80},[20,66133,20438,66134,66136,66137,66139,66140,4057,66142,81],{},[15,66135,65258],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66138,2643],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66141,17762],{},[15,66143,66144],{},"\"c\"",[30,66146,5452],{"id":5451},[20,66148,66149],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[35,66151,66153],{"className":37,"code":66152,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66154,66155,66187,66205,66209,66231],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66156,66157,66159,66161,66163,66165,66167,66169,66171,66173,66175,66177,66179,66181,66183,66185],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66158,12738],{"class":50},[44,66160,55],{"class":54},[44,66162,3281],{"class":80},[44,66164,362],{"class":58},[44,66166,12755],{"class":62},[44,66168,362],{"class":58},[44,66170,2646],{"class":80},[44,66172,59],{"class":58},[44,66174,12772],{"class":62},[44,66176,362],{"class":58},[44,66178,2646],{"class":80},[44,66180,59],{"class":58},[44,66182,17121],{"class":62},[44,66184,362],{"class":58},[44,66186,3294],{"class":80},[44,66188,66189,66191,66193,66195,66197,66199,66201,66203],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,66190,95],{"class":94},[44,66192,98],{"class":80},[44,66194,362],{"class":58},[44,66196,11225],{"class":62},[44,66198,362],{"class":58},[44,66200,2646],{"class":80},[44,66202,12786],{"class":84},[44,66204,104],{"class":80},[44,66206,66207],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,66208,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,66210,66211,66213,66215,66217,66219,66221,66223,66225,66227,66229],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,66212,17168],{"class":50},[44,66214,81],{"class":80},[44,66216,53612],{"class":84},[44,66218,98],{"class":80},[44,66220,2643],{"class":1675},[44,66222,2646],{"class":80},[44,66224,59],{"class":58},[44,66226,22191],{"class":62},[44,66228,362],{"class":58},[44,66230,104],{"class":80},[44,66232,66233,66235,66237,66239,66242,66244,66246,66248],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,66234,95],{"class":94},[44,66236,98],{"class":80},[44,66238,362],{"class":58},[44,66240,66241],{"class":62},"After: ",[44,66243,362],{"class":58},[44,66245,2646],{"class":80},[44,66247,12786],{"class":84},[44,66249,104],{"class":80},[20,66251,107],{},[35,66253,66255],{"className":37,"code":66254,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66256,66257,66289],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66258,66259,66261,66263,66265,66267,66269,66271,66273,66275,66277,66279,66281,66283,66285,66287],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66260,11285],{"class":50},[44,66262,2539],{"class":80},[44,66264,3281],{"class":80},[44,66266,655],{"class":58},[44,66268,12755],{"class":62},[44,66270,655],{"class":58},[44,66272,2646],{"class":80},[44,66274,2955],{"class":58},[44,66276,12772],{"class":62},[44,66278,655],{"class":58},[44,66280,2646],{"class":80},[44,66282,2955],{"class":58},[44,66284,17121],{"class":62},[44,66286,655],{"class":58},[44,66288,3294],{"class":80},[44,66290,66291,66293,66295,66298,66300,66302,66304,66306,66308,66310,66312,66314,66316,66318,66320,66322,66324,66326,66328],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,66292,11338],{"class":50},[44,66294,2539],{"class":80},[44,66296,66297],{"class":80},"  [",[44,66299,655],{"class":58},[44,66301,12755],{"class":62},[44,66303,655],{"class":58},[44,66305,2646],{"class":80},[44,66307,2955],{"class":58},[44,66309,22191],{"class":62},[44,66311,655],{"class":58},[44,66313,2646],{"class":80},[44,66315,2955],{"class":58},[44,66317,12772],{"class":62},[44,66319,655],{"class":58},[44,66321,2646],{"class":80},[44,66323,2955],{"class":58},[44,66325,17121],{"class":62},[44,66327,655],{"class":58},[44,66329,3294],{"class":80},[20,66331,66332,66333,66335],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66334,2643],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[30,66337,66339],{"id":66338},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66341,1628,66342,34993,66344,66347],{},[15,66343,35510],{},[15,66345,66346],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[267,66349,66351],{"id":66350},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66353,66354,66355,66357],{},"Use index ",[15,66356,1772],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[35,66359,66361],{"className":37,"code":66360,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66362,66363,66384,66403],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66364,66365,66368,66370,66372,66374,66376,66378,66380,66382],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66366,66367],{"class":50},"nums ",[44,66369,55],{"class":54},[44,66371,3281],{"class":80},[44,66373,1708],{"class":1675},[44,66375,2646],{"class":80},[44,66377,2104],{"class":1675},[44,66379,2646],{"class":80},[44,66381,2110],{"class":1675},[44,66383,3294],{"class":80},[44,66385,66386,66389,66391,66393,66395,66397,66399,66401],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,66387,66388],{"class":50},"nums",[44,66390,81],{"class":80},[44,66392,53612],{"class":84},[44,66394,98],{"class":80},[44,66396,1772],{"class":1675},[44,66398,2646],{"class":80},[44,66400,5162],{"class":1675},[44,66402,104],{"class":80},[44,66404,66405,66407,66409,66411],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,66406,95],{"class":94},[44,66408,98],{"class":80},[44,66410,66388],{"class":84},[44,66412,104],{"class":80},[20,66414,107],{},[35,66416,66417],{"className":37,"code":53167,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,66418,66419],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66420,66421,66423,66425,66427,66429,66431,66433,66435,66437],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66422,3561],{"class":80},[44,66424,2643],{"class":1675},[44,66426,2646],{"class":80},[44,66428,2649],{"class":1675},[44,66430,2646],{"class":80},[44,66432,2104],{"class":1675},[44,66434,2646],{"class":80},[44,66436,2110],{"class":1675},[44,66438,3294],{"class":80},[267,66440,66442],{"id":66441},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66444,66445],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[35,66447,66449],{"className":37,"code":66448,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66450,66451,66471,66489],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66452,66453,66455,66457,66459,66461,66463,66465,66467,66469],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66454,66367],{"class":50},[44,66456,55],{"class":54},[44,66458,3281],{"class":80},[44,66460,2643],{"class":1675},[44,66462,2646],{"class":80},[44,66464,2649],{"class":1675},[44,66466,2646],{"class":80},[44,66468,2110],{"class":1675},[44,66470,3294],{"class":80},[44,66472,66473,66475,66477,66479,66481,66483,66485,66487],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,66474,66388],{"class":50},[44,66476,81],{"class":80},[44,66478,53612],{"class":84},[44,66480,98],{"class":80},[44,66482,1708],{"class":1675},[44,66484,2646],{"class":80},[44,66486,2104],{"class":1675},[44,66488,104],{"class":80},[44,66490,66491,66493,66495,66497],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,66492,95],{"class":94},[44,66494,98],{"class":80},[44,66496,66388],{"class":84},[44,66498,104],{"class":80},[20,66500,107],{},[35,66502,66503],{"className":37,"code":53167,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,66504,66505],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66506,66507,66509,66511,66513,66515,66517,66519,66521,66523],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66508,3561],{"class":80},[44,66510,2643],{"class":1675},[44,66512,2646],{"class":80},[44,66514,2649],{"class":1675},[44,66516,2646],{"class":80},[44,66518,2104],{"class":1675},[44,66520,2646],{"class":80},[44,66522,2110],{"class":1675},[44,66524,3294],{"class":80},[267,66526,66528],{"id":66527},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66530,66531],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[35,66533,66535],{"className":37,"code":66534,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66536,66537,66557,66575],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66538,66539,66541,66543,66545,66547,66549,66551,66553,66555],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66540,66367],{"class":50},[44,66542,55],{"class":54},[44,66544,3281],{"class":80},[44,66546,2643],{"class":1675},[44,66548,2646],{"class":80},[44,66550,2649],{"class":1675},[44,66552,2646],{"class":80},[44,66554,2104],{"class":1675},[44,66556,3294],{"class":80},[44,66558,66559,66561,66563,66565,66567,66569,66571,66573],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,66560,66388],{"class":50},[44,66562,81],{"class":80},[44,66564,53612],{"class":84},[44,66566,98],{"class":80},[44,66568,1982],{"class":1675},[44,66570,2646],{"class":80},[44,66572,2110],{"class":1675},[44,66574,104],{"class":80},[44,66576,66577,66579,66581,66583],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,66578,95],{"class":94},[44,66580,98],{"class":80},[44,66582,66388],{"class":84},[44,66584,104],{"class":80},[20,66586,107],{},[35,66588,66589],{"className":37,"code":53167,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,66590,66591],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66592,66593,66595,66597,66599,66601,66603,66605,66607,66609],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66594,3561],{"class":80},[44,66596,2643],{"class":1675},[44,66598,2646],{"class":80},[44,66600,2649],{"class":1675},[44,66602,2646],{"class":80},[44,66604,2104],{"class":1675},[44,66606,2646],{"class":80},[44,66608,2110],{"class":1675},[44,66610,3294],{"class":80},[267,66612,66614],{"id":66613},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,66616,66617,66618,66620],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,66619,53929],{}," places the item before that position.",[35,66622,66624],{"className":37,"code":66623,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66625,66626,66658,66682],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66627,66628,66630,66632,66634,66636,66638,66640,66642,66644,66646,66648,66650,66652,66654,66656],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66629,35755],{"class":50},[44,66631,55],{"class":54},[44,66633,3281],{"class":80},[44,66635,362],{"class":58},[44,66637,243],{"class":62},[44,66639,362],{"class":58},[44,66641,2646],{"class":80},[44,66643,59],{"class":58},[44,66645,842],{"class":62},[44,66647,362],{"class":58},[44,66649,2646],{"class":80},[44,66651,59],{"class":58},[44,66653,18434],{"class":62},[44,66655,362],{"class":58},[44,66657,3294],{"class":80},[44,66659,66660,66662,66664,66666,66668,66670,66672,66674,66676,66678,66680],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,66661,35808],{"class":50},[44,66663,81],{"class":80},[44,66665,53612],{"class":84},[44,66667,98],{"class":80},[44,66669,1672],{"class":54},[44,66671,2643],{"class":1675},[44,66673,2646],{"class":80},[44,66675,59],{"class":58},[44,66677,846],{"class":62},[44,66679,362],{"class":58},[44,66681,104],{"class":80},[44,66683,66684,66686,66688,66690],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,66685,95],{"class":94},[44,66687,98],{"class":80},[44,66689,35808],{"class":84},[44,66691,104],{"class":80},[20,66693,107],{},[35,66695,66697],{"className":37,"code":66696,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,66698,66699],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66700,66701,66703,66705,66707,66709,66711,66713,66715,66717,66719,66721,66723,66725,66727,66729,66731,66733],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66702,3561],{"class":80},[44,66704,655],{"class":58},[44,66706,243],{"class":62},[44,66708,655],{"class":58},[44,66710,2646],{"class":80},[44,66712,2955],{"class":58},[44,66714,842],{"class":62},[44,66716,655],{"class":58},[44,66718,2646],{"class":80},[44,66720,2955],{"class":58},[44,66722,846],{"class":62},[44,66724,655],{"class":58},[44,66726,2646],{"class":80},[44,66728,2955],{"class":58},[44,66730,18434],{"class":62},[44,66732,655],{"class":58},[44,66734,3294],{"class":80},[20,66736,66737,66738,1955],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[243,66739,66740],{"href":50641},"Python lists beginner guide",[30,66742,66744,866,66746],{"id":66743},"insert-vs-append",[15,66745,53929],{},[15,66747,52314],{},[20,66749,66750],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[267,66752,119,66754,10261],{"id":66753},"use-insert-when",[15,66755,53929],{},[139,66757,66758,66761],{},[142,66759,66760],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[142,66762,66763],{},"The order of the list matters",[267,66765,119,66767,10261],{"id":66766},"use-append-when",[15,66768,52314],{},[139,66770,66771,66774],{},[142,66772,66773],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[142,66775,66776],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,66778,161],{},[35,66780,66782],{"className":37,"code":66781,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,66783,66784,66808,66812,66834,66844,66848,66866],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66785,66786,66788,66790,66792,66794,66796,66798,66800,66802,66804,66806],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66787,7441],{"class":50},[44,66789,55],{"class":54},[44,66791,3281],{"class":80},[44,66793,362],{"class":58},[44,66795,3741],{"class":62},[44,66797,362],{"class":58},[44,66799,2646],{"class":80},[44,66801,59],{"class":58},[44,66803,32887],{"class":62},[44,66805,362],{"class":58},[44,66807,3294],{"class":80},[44,66809,66810],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,66811,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,66813,66814,66816,66818,66820,66822,66824,66826,66828,66830,66832],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,66815,7472],{"class":50},[44,66817,81],{"class":80},[44,66819,53612],{"class":84},[44,66821,98],{"class":80},[44,66823,2643],{"class":1675},[44,66825,2646],{"class":80},[44,66827,59],{"class":58},[44,66829,3750],{"class":62},[44,66831,362],{"class":58},[44,66833,104],{"class":80},[44,66835,66836,66838,66840,66842],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,66837,95],{"class":94},[44,66839,98],{"class":80},[44,66841,7472],{"class":84},[44,66843,104],{"class":80},[44,66845,66846],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,66847,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,66849,66850,66852,66854,66856,66858,66860,66862,66864],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,66851,7472],{"class":50},[44,66853,81],{"class":80},[44,66855,13216],{"class":84},[44,66857,98],{"class":80},[44,66859,362],{"class":58},[44,66861,22200],{"class":62},[44,66863,362],{"class":58},[44,66865,104],{"class":80},[44,66867,66868,66870,66872,66874],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,66869,95],{"class":94},[44,66871,98],{"class":80},[44,66873,7472],{"class":84},[44,66875,104],{"class":80},[20,66877,107],{},[35,66879,66881],{"className":37,"code":66880,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,66882,66883,66911],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66884,66885,66887,66889,66891,66893,66895,66897,66899,66901,66903,66905,66907,66909],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66886,3561],{"class":80},[44,66888,655],{"class":58},[44,66890,3741],{"class":62},[44,66892,655],{"class":58},[44,66894,2646],{"class":80},[44,66896,2955],{"class":58},[44,66898,3750],{"class":62},[44,66900,655],{"class":58},[44,66902,2646],{"class":80},[44,66904,2955],{"class":58},[44,66906,32887],{"class":62},[44,66908,655],{"class":58},[44,66910,3294],{"class":80},[44,66912,66913,66915,66917,66919,66921,66923,66925,66927,66929,66931,66933,66935,66937,66939,66941,66943,66945],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,66914,3561],{"class":80},[44,66916,655],{"class":58},[44,66918,3741],{"class":62},[44,66920,655],{"class":58},[44,66922,2646],{"class":80},[44,66924,2955],{"class":58},[44,66926,3750],{"class":62},[44,66928,655],{"class":58},[44,66930,2646],{"class":80},[44,66932,2955],{"class":58},[44,66934,32887],{"class":62},[44,66936,655],{"class":58},[44,66938,2646],{"class":80},[44,66940,2955],{"class":58},[44,66942,22200],{"class":62},[44,66944,655],{"class":58},[44,66946,3294],{"class":80},[20,66948,66949,66950,81],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[243,66951,55181,66952,1555],{"href":56430},[15,66953,52314],{},[20,66955,66956,66957,81],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[243,66958,52711],{"href":52710},[30,66960,4183],{"id":4182},[20,66962,14396,66963,81],{},[15,66964,53929],{},[267,66966,12257,66968],{"id":66967},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,66969,53929],{},[20,66971,25358],{},[35,66973,66975],{"className":37,"code":66974,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,66976,66977,66997,67019,67023,67033],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66978,66979,66981,66983,66985,66987,66989,66991,66993,66995],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66980,3276],{"class":50},[44,66982,55],{"class":54},[44,66984,3281],{"class":80},[44,66986,2643],{"class":1675},[44,66988,2646],{"class":80},[44,66990,2649],{"class":1675},[44,66992,2646],{"class":80},[44,66994,2104],{"class":1675},[44,66996,3294],{"class":80},[44,66998,66999,67001,67003,67005,67007,67009,67011,67013,67015,67017],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,67000,1880],{"class":50},[44,67002,55],{"class":54},[44,67004,3926],{"class":50},[44,67006,81],{"class":80},[44,67008,53612],{"class":84},[44,67010,98],{"class":80},[44,67012,2643],{"class":1675},[44,67014,2646],{"class":80},[44,67016,9857],{"class":1675},[44,67018,104],{"class":80},[44,67020,67021],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,67022,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,67024,67025,67027,67029,67031],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,67026,95],{"class":94},[44,67028,98],{"class":80},[44,67030,1915],{"class":84},[44,67032,104],{"class":80},[44,67034,67035,67037,67039,67041],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,67036,95],{"class":94},[44,67038,98],{"class":80},[44,67040,3308],{"class":84},[44,67042,104],{"class":80},[20,67044,107],{},[35,67046,67048],{"className":37,"code":67047,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67049,67050,67054],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67051,67052],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67053,11470],{"class":3513},[44,67055,67056,67058,67060,67062,67064,67066,67068,67070,67072],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,67057,3561],{"class":80},[44,67059,2643],{"class":1675},[44,67061,2646],{"class":80},[44,67063,9857],{"class":1675},[44,67065,2646],{"class":80},[44,67067,2649],{"class":1675},[44,67069,2646],{"class":80},[44,67071,2104],{"class":1675},[44,67073,3294],{"class":80},[20,67075,67076,53814,67078,81],{},[15,67077,53929],{},[15,67079,3439],{},[20,67081,16308],{},[35,67083,67085],{"className":37,"code":67084,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67086,67087],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67088,67089,67091,67093,67095,67097,67099,67101,67103,67105,67107],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67090,55551],{"class":50},[44,67092,55],{"class":54},[44,67094,3926],{"class":50},[44,67096,81],{"class":80},[44,67098,53612],{"class":84},[44,67100,98],{"class":80},[44,67102,2643],{"class":1675},[44,67104,2646],{"class":80},[44,67106,9857],{"class":1675},[44,67108,104],{"class":80},[20,67110,67111],{},"Right:",[35,67113,67115],{"className":37,"code":67114,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67116,67117],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67118,67119,67121,67123,67125,67127,67129,67131,67133],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67120,3308],{"class":50},[44,67122,81],{"class":80},[44,67124,53612],{"class":84},[44,67126,98],{"class":80},[44,67128,2643],{"class":1675},[44,67130,2646],{"class":80},[44,67132,9857],{"class":1675},[44,67134,104],{"class":80},[267,67136,67138],{"id":67137},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67140,67141],{},"The correct order is:",[35,67143,67144],{"className":37,"code":65997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67145,67146],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67147,67148,67150,67152,67154,67156,67158,67160,67162],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67149,8000],{"class":50},[44,67151,81],{"class":80},[44,67153,53612],{"class":84},[44,67155,98],{"class":80},[44,67157,35510],{"class":84},[44,67159,2646],{"class":80},[44,67161,29175],{"class":84},[44,67163,104],{"class":80},[20,67165,67166],{},"Not:",[35,67168,67170],{"className":37,"code":67169,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67171,67172],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67173,67174,67176,67178,67180,67182,67184,67186,67188],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67175,8000],{"class":50},[44,67177,81],{"class":80},[44,67179,53612],{"class":84},[44,67181,98],{"class":80},[44,67183,22978],{"class":84},[44,67185,2646],{"class":80},[44,67187,35485],{"class":84},[44,67189,104],{"class":80},[20,67191,161],{},[35,67193,67194],{"className":37,"code":66039,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67195,67196,67220,67242],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67197,67198,67200,67202,67204,67206,67208,67210,67212,67214,67216,67218],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67199,35755],{"class":50},[44,67201,55],{"class":54},[44,67203,3281],{"class":80},[44,67205,362],{"class":58},[44,67207,243],{"class":62},[44,67209,362],{"class":58},[44,67211,2646],{"class":80},[44,67213,59],{"class":58},[44,67215,846],{"class":62},[44,67217,362],{"class":58},[44,67219,3294],{"class":80},[44,67221,67222,67224,67226,67228,67230,67232,67234,67236,67238,67240],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,67223,35808],{"class":50},[44,67225,81],{"class":80},[44,67227,53612],{"class":84},[44,67229,98],{"class":80},[44,67231,2643],{"class":1675},[44,67233,2646],{"class":80},[44,67235,59],{"class":58},[44,67237,842],{"class":62},[44,67239,362],{"class":58},[44,67241,104],{"class":80},[44,67243,67244,67246,67248,67250],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,67245,95],{"class":94},[44,67247,98],{"class":80},[44,67249,35808],{"class":84},[44,67251,104],{"class":80},[20,67253,107],{},[35,67255,67256],{"className":37,"code":42539,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67257,67258],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67259,67260,67262,67264,67266,67268,67270,67272,67274,67276,67278,67280,67282,67284],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67261,3561],{"class":80},[44,67263,655],{"class":58},[44,67265,243],{"class":62},[44,67267,655],{"class":58},[44,67269,2646],{"class":80},[44,67271,2955],{"class":58},[44,67273,842],{"class":62},[44,67275,655],{"class":58},[44,67277,2646],{"class":80},[44,67279,2955],{"class":58},[44,67281,846],{"class":62},[44,67283,655],{"class":58},[44,67285,3294],{"class":80},[267,67287,1246,67289,67291],{"id":67288},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67290,53929],{}," to replace an item",[20,67293,67294,67296],{},[15,67295,53929],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[35,67298,67300],{"className":37,"code":67299,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67301,67302,67322,67340],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67303,67304,67306,67308,67310,67312,67314,67316,67318,67320],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67305,3276],{"class":50},[44,67307,55],{"class":54},[44,67309,3281],{"class":80},[44,67311,2643],{"class":1675},[44,67313,2646],{"class":80},[44,67315,2649],{"class":1675},[44,67317,2646],{"class":80},[44,67319,2104],{"class":1675},[44,67321,3294],{"class":80},[44,67323,67324,67326,67328,67330,67332,67334,67336,67338],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,67325,3308],{"class":50},[44,67327,81],{"class":80},[44,67329,53612],{"class":84},[44,67331,98],{"class":80},[44,67333,2643],{"class":1675},[44,67335,2646],{"class":80},[44,67337,9857],{"class":1675},[44,67339,104],{"class":80},[44,67341,67342,67344,67346,67348],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,67343,95],{"class":94},[44,67345,98],{"class":80},[44,67347,3308],{"class":84},[44,67349,104],{"class":80},[20,67351,107],{},[35,67353,67355],{"className":37,"code":67354,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67356,67357],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67358,67359,67361,67363,67365,67367,67369,67371,67373,67375],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67360,3561],{"class":80},[44,67362,2643],{"class":1675},[44,67364,2646],{"class":80},[44,67366,9857],{"class":1675},[44,67368,2646],{"class":80},[44,67370,2649],{"class":1675},[44,67372,2646],{"class":80},[44,67374,2104],{"class":1675},[44,67376,3294],{"class":80},[20,67378,67379],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[35,67381,67383],{"className":37,"code":67382,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67384,67385,67405,67419],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67386,67387,67389,67391,67393,67395,67397,67399,67401,67403],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67388,3276],{"class":50},[44,67390,55],{"class":54},[44,67392,3281],{"class":80},[44,67394,2643],{"class":1675},[44,67396,2646],{"class":80},[44,67398,2649],{"class":1675},[44,67400,2646],{"class":80},[44,67402,2104],{"class":1675},[44,67404,3294],{"class":80},[44,67406,67407,67409,67411,67413,67415,67417],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,67408,3308],{"class":50},[44,67410,3561],{"class":80},[44,67412,2643],{"class":1675},[44,67414,12936],{"class":80},[44,67416,12939],{"class":54},[44,67418,13793],{"class":1675},[44,67420,67421,67423,67425,67427],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,67422,95],{"class":94},[44,67424,98],{"class":80},[44,67426,3308],{"class":84},[44,67428,104],{"class":80},[20,67430,107],{},[35,67432,67434],{"className":37,"code":67433,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67435,67436],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67437,67438,67440,67442,67444,67446,67448,67450],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67439,3561],{"class":80},[44,67441,2643],{"class":1675},[44,67443,2646],{"class":80},[44,67445,9857],{"class":1675},[44,67447,2646],{"class":80},[44,67449,2104],{"class":1675},[44,67451,3294],{"class":80},[267,67453,67455],{"id":67454},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67457,67458,67460],{},[15,67459,53929],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67462,67463],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[35,67465,67467],{"className":37,"code":67466,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67468,67469,67485,67509],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67470,67471,67473,67475,67477,67479,67481,67483],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67472,3276],{"class":50},[44,67474,55],{"class":54},[44,67476,3281],{"class":80},[44,67478,2643],{"class":1675},[44,67480,2646],{"class":80},[44,67482,2110],{"class":1675},[44,67484,3294],{"class":80},[44,67486,67487,67489,67491,67493,67495,67497,67499,67501,67503,67505,67507],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,67488,3308],{"class":50},[44,67490,81],{"class":80},[44,67492,53612],{"class":84},[44,67494,98],{"class":80},[44,67496,2643],{"class":1675},[44,67498,2646],{"class":80},[44,67500,3281],{"class":80},[44,67502,1708],{"class":1675},[44,67504,2646],{"class":80},[44,67506,2104],{"class":1675},[44,67508,3549],{"class":80},[44,67510,67511,67513,67515,67517],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,67512,95],{"class":94},[44,67514,98],{"class":80},[44,67516,3308],{"class":84},[44,67518,104],{"class":80},[20,67520,107],{},[35,67522,67524],{"className":37,"code":67523,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67525,67526],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67527,67528,67530,67532,67534,67536,67538,67540,67542,67544,67546],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67529,3561],{"class":80},[44,67531,2643],{"class":1675},[44,67533,2646],{"class":80},[44,67535,3281],{"class":80},[44,67537,1708],{"class":1675},[44,67539,2646],{"class":80},[44,67541,2104],{"class":1675},[44,67543,17728],{"class":80},[44,67545,2110],{"class":1675},[44,67547,3294],{"class":80},[20,67549,67550,67551,81],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[243,67552,55181,67553,1555],{"href":53006},[15,67554,53108],{},[267,67556,67558],{"id":67557},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67560,8534,67561,67563],{},[15,67562,53929],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[35,67565,67567],{"className":37,"code":67566,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67568,67569,67579,67593,67611,67625],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67570,67571,67573,67575,67577],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67572,95],{"class":94},[44,67574,98],{"class":80},[44,67576,8000],{"class":84},[44,67578,104],{"class":80},[44,67580,67581,67583,67585,67587,67589,67591],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,67582,95],{"class":94},[44,67584,98],{"class":80},[44,67586,10822],{"class":94},[44,67588,98],{"class":80},[44,67590,8000],{"class":84},[44,67592,370],{"class":80},[44,67594,67595,67597,67599,67601,67603,67605,67607,67609],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,67596,95],{"class":94},[44,67598,98],{"class":80},[44,67600,8000],{"class":84},[44,67602,81],{"class":80},[44,67604,53612],{"class":1467},[44,67606,81],{"class":80},[44,67608,34111],{"class":605},[44,67610,104],{"class":80},[44,67612,67613,67615,67617,67619,67621,67623],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,67614,1456],{"class":94},[44,67616,98],{"class":80},[44,67618,7754],{"class":1461},[44,67620,81],{"class":80},[44,67622,53612],{"class":1467},[44,67624,104],{"class":80},[44,67626,67627,67629,67631,67633],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,67628,2880],{"class":1461},[44,67630,98],{"class":80},[44,67632,8000],{"class":84},[44,67634,104],{"class":80},[20,67636,67637],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[139,67639,67640,67643,67646,67649],{},[142,67641,67642],{},"What is currently in the list",[142,67644,67645],{},"How long the list is",[142,67647,67648],{},"That you are working with a real list",[142,67650,67651],{},"How Python describes the method",[30,67653,1133,67655],{"id":67654},"when-to-use-insert",[15,67656,53929],{},[20,67658,119,67659,67661],{},[15,67660,53929],{}," when position matters.",[20,67663,1143],{},[139,67665,67666,67669,67672,67675],{},[142,67667,67668],{},"Ordered menus",[142,67670,67671],{},"Rankings or score lists",[142,67673,67674],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[142,67676,67677],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,67679,67680,67681,67683,67684,67686,67687,67689],{},"You usually do ",[830,67682,832],{}," need ",[15,67685,53929],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,67688,52314],{}," is simpler.",[20,67691,67692,67693,81],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[243,67694,56816],{"href":56815},[30,67696,1478],{"id":1477},[267,67698,1482,67700,55130],{"id":67699},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,67701,53572],{},[20,67703,67704,67705,81],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,67706,3439],{},[267,67708,67710],{"id":67709},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,67712,67713],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[267,67715,4832,67717,67719],{"id":67716},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,67718,53572],{}," add multiple items?",[20,67721,67722,67723,67725],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,67724,53108],{}," or slicing.",[267,67727,4842,67729,4057,67731,1520],{"id":67728},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,67730,53929],{},[15,67732,52314],{},[20,67734,67735,67737,67738,67740],{},[15,67736,53929],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,67739,52314],{}," adds only at the end.",[30,67742,1545],{"id":1544},[139,67744,67745,67751,67757,67761,67765,67769],{},[142,67746,67747],{},[243,67748,55181,67749,1555],{"href":56430},[15,67750,52314],{},[142,67752,67753],{},[243,67754,55181,67755,1555],{"href":53006},[15,67756,53108],{},[142,67758,67759],{},[243,67760,53939],{"href":52710},[142,67762,67763],{},[243,67764,52433],{"href":50641},[142,67766,67767],{},[243,67768,56890],{"href":56815},[142,67770,67771],{},[243,67772,30015,67773,33300],{"href":53957},[15,67774,67775],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1577,67777,67778],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":67780},[67781,67783,67784,67785,67791,67798,67807,67809,67818],{"id":65966,"depth":69,"text":67782},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5094,"depth":69,"text":5095},{"id":5451,"depth":69,"text":5452},{"id":66338,"depth":69,"text":66339,"children":67786},[67787,67788,67789,67790],{"id":66350,"depth":91,"text":66351},{"id":66441,"depth":91,"text":66442},{"id":66527,"depth":91,"text":66528},{"id":66613,"depth":91,"text":66614},{"id":66743,"depth":69,"text":67792,"children":67793},"insert() vs append()",[67794,67796],{"id":66753,"depth":91,"text":67795},"Use insert() when:",{"id":66766,"depth":91,"text":67797},"Use append() when:",{"id":4182,"depth":69,"text":4183,"children":67799},[67800,67802,67803,67805,67806],{"id":66967,"depth":91,"text":67801},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67137,"depth":91,"text":67138},{"id":67288,"depth":91,"text":67804},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67454,"depth":91,"text":67455},{"id":67557,"depth":91,"text":67558},{"id":67654,"depth":69,"text":67808},"When to use insert()",{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":67810},[67811,67813,67814,67816],{"id":67699,"depth":91,"text":67812},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67709,"depth":91,"text":67710},{"id":67716,"depth":91,"text":67815},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67728,"depth":91,"text":67817},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":65876,"description":67819},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":67826,"title":67827,"body":67828,"description":69383,"extension":1611,"meta":69384,"navigation":184,"path":58635,"seo":69385,"stem":69386,"__hash__":69387},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":67829,"toc":69356},[67830,67836,67845,67894,67896,67904,67910,67912,67930,67936,67941,67944,67947,67962,67964,68016,68018,68026,68034,68041,68043,68049,68114,68116,68124,68126,68145,68148,68199,68203,68208,68235,68237,68245,68248,68317,68319,68334,68340,68344,68353,68356,68411,68413,68421,68424,68426,68471,68473,68481,68487,68489,68497,68500,68502,68541,68543,68582,68587,68589,68591,68626,68629,68631,68669,68673,68679,68681,68732,68734,68742,68749,68752,68773,68776,68831,68842,68844,68905,68907,68916,68923,68929,68932,68935,68992,68995,69008,69015,69021,69027,69029,69042,69045,69142,69144,69161,69164,69246,69248,69270,69277,69283,69285,69289,69295,69301,69306,69310,69313,69319,69326,69328,69353],[10,67831,67833,67834,3321],{"id":67832},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,67835,10822],{},[20,67837,67838,67839,67841,67842,67844],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,67840,42025],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,67843,42025],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[35,67846,67848],{"className":37,"code":67847,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,67849,67850,67870,67884],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67851,67852,67854,67856,67858,67860,67862,67864,67866,67868],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67853,3276],{"class":50},[44,67855,55],{"class":54},[44,67857,3281],{"class":80},[44,67859,1982],{"class":1675},[44,67861,2646],{"class":80},[44,67863,7452],{"class":1675},[44,67865,2646],{"class":80},[44,67867,7457],{"class":1675},[44,67869,3294],{"class":80},[44,67871,67872,67874,67876,67878,67880,67882],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,67873,40909],{"class":50},[44,67875,55],{"class":54},[44,67877,38052],{"class":94},[44,67879,98],{"class":80},[44,67881,3308],{"class":84},[44,67883,104],{"class":80},[44,67885,67886,67888,67890,67892],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,67887,95],{"class":94},[44,67889,98],{"class":80},[44,67891,40927],{"class":84},[44,67893,104],{"class":80},[20,67895,107],{},[35,67897,67898],{"className":37,"code":46279,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67899,67900],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67901,67902],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67903,46279],{"class":1675},[20,67905,119,67906,67909],{},[15,67907,67908],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[30,67911,14826],{"id":14825},[139,67913,67914,67919,67924,67927],{},[142,67915,3861,67916,67918],{},[15,67917,42025],{}," works with Python lists",[142,67920,67921,67922,11367],{},"What value ",[15,67923,42025],{},[142,67925,67926],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[142,67928,67929],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[30,67931,126,67933,67935],{"id":67932},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,67934,42025],{}," returns for a list",[20,67937,67938,64748],{},[15,67939,67940],{},"len(my_list)",[20,67942,67943],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,67945,67946],{},"A few important points:",[139,67948,67949,67952,67957],{},[142,67950,67951],{},"It counts list items",[142,67953,40573,67954,67956],{},[830,67955,832],{}," count characters inside a string item",[142,67958,67959,67960],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,67961,1772],{},[20,67963,161],{},[35,67965,67967],{"className":37,"code":67966,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,67968,67969,68002],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67970,67971,67973,67975,67977,67979,67981,67983,67985,67987,67990,67992,67994,67996,67998,68000],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67972,3732],{"class":50},[44,67974,55],{"class":54},[44,67976,3281],{"class":80},[44,67978,362],{"class":58},[44,67980,36712],{"class":62},[44,67982,362],{"class":58},[44,67984,2646],{"class":80},[44,67986,59],{"class":58},[44,67988,67989],{"class":62},"elephant",[44,67991,362],{"class":58},[44,67993,2646],{"class":80},[44,67995,59],{"class":58},[44,67997,57789],{"class":62},[44,67999,362],{"class":58},[44,68001,3294],{"class":80},[44,68003,68004,68006,68008,68010,68012,68014],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,68005,95],{"class":94},[44,68007,98],{"class":80},[44,68009,10822],{"class":94},[44,68011,98],{"class":80},[44,68013,3776],{"class":84},[44,68015,370],{"class":80},[20,68017,107],{},[35,68019,68020],{"className":37,"code":46279,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68021,68022],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68023,68024],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68025,46279],{"class":1675},[20,68027,20645,68028,68031,68032,64755],{},[15,68029,68030],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[830,68033,52318],{},[20,68035,68036,68037,81],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[243,68038,3234,68039,3167],{"href":42022},[15,68040,42025],{},[30,68042,5452],{"id":5451},[20,68044,68045,68046,68048],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68047,42025],{},", and print the result.",[35,68050,68052],{"className":37,"code":68051,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68053,68054,68086,68100,68104],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68055,68056,68058,68060,68062,68064,68066,68068,68070,68072,68074,68076,68078,68080,68082,68084],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68057,12738],{"class":50},[44,68059,55],{"class":54},[44,68061,3281],{"class":80},[44,68063,362],{"class":58},[44,68065,12755],{"class":62},[44,68067,362],{"class":58},[44,68069,2646],{"class":80},[44,68071,59],{"class":58},[44,68073,17121],{"class":62},[44,68075,362],{"class":58},[44,68077,2646],{"class":80},[44,68079,59],{"class":58},[44,68081,12772],{"class":62},[44,68083,362],{"class":58},[44,68085,3294],{"class":80},[44,68087,68088,68090,68092,68094,68096,68098],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,68089,40909],{"class":50},[44,68091,55],{"class":54},[44,68093,38052],{"class":94},[44,68095,98],{"class":80},[44,68097,17168],{"class":84},[44,68099,104],{"class":80},[44,68101,68102],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,68103,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,68105,68106,68108,68110,68112],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,68107,95],{"class":94},[44,68109,98],{"class":80},[44,68111,40927],{"class":84},[44,68113,104],{"class":80},[20,68115,107],{},[35,68117,68118],{"className":37,"code":46279,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68119,68120],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68121,68122],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68123,46279],{"class":1675},[20,68125,11345],{},[139,68127,68128,68133,68140],{},[142,68129,68130,68132],{},[15,68131,17168],{}," is a list with 3 items",[142,68134,68135,2049,68138],{},[15,68136,68137],{},"len(colors)",[15,68139,1714],{},[142,68141,68142,68143],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68144,40927],{},[20,68146,68147],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[35,68149,68151],{"className":37,"code":68150,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68152,68153,68185],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68154,68155,68157,68159,68161,68163,68165,68167,68169,68171,68173,68175,68177,68179,68181,68183],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68156,12738],{"class":50},[44,68158,55],{"class":54},[44,68160,3281],{"class":80},[44,68162,362],{"class":58},[44,68164,12755],{"class":62},[44,68166,362],{"class":58},[44,68168,2646],{"class":80},[44,68170,59],{"class":58},[44,68172,17121],{"class":62},[44,68174,362],{"class":58},[44,68176,2646],{"class":80},[44,68178,59],{"class":58},[44,68180,12772],{"class":62},[44,68182,362],{"class":58},[44,68184,3294],{"class":80},[44,68186,68187,68189,68191,68193,68195,68197],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,68188,95],{"class":94},[44,68190,98],{"class":80},[44,68192,10822],{"class":94},[44,68194,98],{"class":80},[44,68196,17168],{"class":84},[44,68198,370],{"class":80},[30,68200,68202],{"id":68201},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68204,68205,68206,81],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68207,1772],{},[35,68209,68211],{"className":37,"code":68210,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68212,68213,68221],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68214,68215,68217,68219],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68216,7441],{"class":50},[44,68218,55],{"class":54},[44,68220,7501],{"class":80},[44,68222,68223,68225,68227,68229,68231,68233],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,68224,95],{"class":94},[44,68226,98],{"class":80},[44,68228,10822],{"class":94},[44,68230,98],{"class":80},[44,68232,7472],{"class":84},[44,68234,370],{"class":80},[20,68236,107],{},[35,68238,68239],{"className":37,"code":46914,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68240,68241],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68242,68243],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68244,46914],{"class":1675},[20,68246,68247],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[35,68249,68251],{"className":37,"code":68250,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68252,68253,68261,68265,68283,68297,68303],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68254,68255,68257,68259],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68256,7441],{"class":50},[44,68258,55],{"class":54},[44,68260,7501],{"class":80},[44,68262,68263],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,68264,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,68266,68267,68269,68271,68273,68275,68277,68279,68281],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,68268,525],{"class":524},[44,68270,38052],{"class":94},[44,68272,98],{"class":80},[44,68274,7472],{"class":84},[44,68276,3321],{"class":80},[44,68278,38062],{"class":54},[44,68280,3495],{"class":1675},[44,68282,548],{"class":80},[44,68284,68285,68287,68289,68291,68293,68295],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,68286,553],{"class":94},[44,68288,98],{"class":80},[44,68290,7472],{"class":84},[44,68292,3561],{"class":80},[44,68294,1772],{"class":1675},[44,68296,3549],{"class":80},[44,68298,68299,68301],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,68300,27101],{"class":524},[44,68302,548],{"class":80},[44,68304,68305,68307,68309,68311,68313,68315],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,68306,553],{"class":94},[44,68308,98],{"class":80},[44,68310,362],{"class":58},[44,68312,51478],{"class":62},[44,68314,362],{"class":58},[44,68316,104],{"class":80},[20,68318,107],{},[35,68320,68322],{"className":37,"code":68321,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The list is empty\n",[15,68323,68324],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68325,68326,68328,68330,68332],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68327,1628],{"class":50},[44,68329,7754],{"class":1461},[44,68331,7757],{"class":54},[44,68333,7763],{"class":50},[20,68335,68336,68337,68339],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[243,68338,52433],{"href":50641}," is a good next step.",[30,68341,68343],{"id":68342},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68345,68346,68348,68349,68352],{},[15,68347,42025],{}," counts only the ",[830,68350,68351],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68354,68355],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[35,68357,68359],{"className":37,"code":68358,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68360,68361,68397],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68362,68363,68365,68367,68369,68371,68373,68375,68377,68379,68381,68383,68385,68387,68389,68391,68393,68395],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68364,8825],{"class":50},[44,68366,55],{"class":54},[44,68368,55955],{"class":80},[44,68370,2643],{"class":1675},[44,68372,2646],{"class":80},[44,68374,2649],{"class":1675},[44,68376,17728],{"class":80},[44,68378,3281],{"class":80},[44,68380,1714],{"class":1675},[44,68382,2646],{"class":80},[44,68384,2110],{"class":1675},[44,68386,17728],{"class":80},[44,68388,3281],{"class":80},[44,68390,1789],{"class":1675},[44,68392,2646],{"class":80},[44,68394,37309],{"class":1675},[44,68396,52904],{"class":80},[44,68398,68399,68401,68403,68405,68407,68409],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,68400,95],{"class":94},[44,68402,98],{"class":80},[44,68404,10822],{"class":94},[44,68406,98],{"class":80},[44,68408,8864],{"class":84},[44,68410,370],{"class":80},[20,68412,107],{},[35,68414,68415],{"className":37,"code":46279,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68416,68417],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68418,68419],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68420,46279],{"class":1675},[20,68422,68423],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68425,767],{},[35,68427,68429],{"className":37,"code":68428,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68430,68431,68457],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68432,68433,68435,68437,68439,68441,68443,68445,68447,68449,68451,68453,68455],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68434,59135],{"class":50},[44,68436,55],{"class":54},[44,68438,3281],{"class":80},[44,68440,2643],{"class":1675},[44,68442,2646],{"class":80},[44,68444,3281],{"class":80},[44,68446,1708],{"class":1675},[44,68448,2646],{"class":80},[44,68450,2104],{"class":1675},[44,68452,17728],{"class":80},[44,68454,2110],{"class":1675},[44,68456,3294],{"class":80},[44,68458,68459,68461,68463,68465,68467,68469],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,68460,95],{"class":94},[44,68462,98],{"class":80},[44,68464,10822],{"class":94},[44,68466,98],{"class":80},[44,68468,59188],{"class":84},[44,68470,370],{"class":80},[20,68472,107],{},[35,68474,68475],{"className":37,"code":46279,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68476,68477],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68478,68479],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68480,46279],{"class":1675},[20,68482,20645,68483,68486],{},[15,68484,68485],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[30,68488,4183],{"id":4182},[267,68490,675,68492,10752,68495],{"id":68491},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68493,68494],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68496,67940],{},[20,68498,68499],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68501,16308],{},[35,68503,68505],{"className":37,"code":68504,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68506,68507,68527],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68508,68509,68511,68513,68515,68517,68519,68521,68523,68525],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68510,3276],{"class":50},[44,68512,55],{"class":54},[44,68514,3281],{"class":80},[44,68516,1982],{"class":1675},[44,68518,2646],{"class":80},[44,68520,7452],{"class":1675},[44,68522,2646],{"class":80},[44,68524,7457],{"class":1675},[44,68526,3294],{"class":80},[44,68528,68529,68531,68533,68535,68537,68539],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,68530,95],{"class":94},[44,68532,98],{"class":80},[44,68534,3308],{"class":84},[44,68536,81],{"class":80},[44,68538,10822],{"class":84},[44,68540,201],{"class":80},[20,68542,16320],{},[35,68544,68546],{"className":37,"code":68545,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68547,68548,68568],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68549,68550,68552,68554,68556,68558,68560,68562,68564,68566],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68551,3276],{"class":50},[44,68553,55],{"class":54},[44,68555,3281],{"class":80},[44,68557,1982],{"class":1675},[44,68559,2646],{"class":80},[44,68561,7452],{"class":1675},[44,68563,2646],{"class":80},[44,68565,7457],{"class":1675},[44,68567,3294],{"class":80},[44,68569,68570,68572,68574,68576,68578,68580],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,68571,95],{"class":94},[44,68573,98],{"class":80},[44,68575,10822],{"class":94},[44,68577,98],{"class":80},[44,68579,3308],{"class":84},[44,68581,370],{"class":80},[20,68583,68584,68586],{},[15,68585,42025],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[267,68588,25355],{"id":25354},[20,68590,16308],{},[35,68592,68594],{"className":37,"code":68593,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,68595,68596,68616],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68597,68598,68600,68602,68604,68606,68608,68610,68612,68614],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68599,3276],{"class":50},[44,68601,55],{"class":54},[44,68603,3281],{"class":80},[44,68605,1982],{"class":1675},[44,68607,2646],{"class":80},[44,68609,7452],{"class":1675},[44,68611,2646],{"class":80},[44,68613,7457],{"class":1675},[44,68615,3294],{"class":80},[44,68617,68618,68620,68622,68624],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,68619,95],{"class":94},[44,68621,98],{"class":80},[44,68623,10822],{"class":94},[44,68625,104],{"class":80},[20,68627,68628],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,68630,16320],{},[35,68632,68633],{"className":37,"code":68545,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68634,68635,68655],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68636,68637,68639,68641,68643,68645,68647,68649,68651,68653],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68638,3276],{"class":50},[44,68640,55],{"class":54},[44,68642,3281],{"class":80},[44,68644,1982],{"class":1675},[44,68646,2646],{"class":80},[44,68648,7452],{"class":1675},[44,68650,2646],{"class":80},[44,68652,7457],{"class":1675},[44,68654,3294],{"class":80},[44,68656,68657,68659,68661,68663,68665,68667],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,68658,95],{"class":94},[44,68660,98],{"class":80},[44,68662,10822],{"class":94},[44,68664,98],{"class":80},[44,68666,3308],{"class":84},[44,68668,370],{"class":80},[267,68670,68672],{"id":68671},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,68674,68675,68676,68678],{},"The length of a list is ",[830,68677,832],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,68680,161],{},[35,68682,68684],{"className":37,"code":68683,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,68685,68686,68718],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68687,68688,68690,68692,68694,68696,68698,68700,68702,68704,68706,68708,68710,68712,68714,68716],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68689,35755],{"class":50},[44,68691,55],{"class":54},[44,68693,3281],{"class":80},[44,68695,362],{"class":58},[44,68697,243],{"class":62},[44,68699,362],{"class":58},[44,68701,2646],{"class":80},[44,68703,59],{"class":58},[44,68705,842],{"class":62},[44,68707,362],{"class":58},[44,68709,2646],{"class":80},[44,68711,59],{"class":58},[44,68713,846],{"class":62},[44,68715,362],{"class":58},[44,68717,3294],{"class":80},[44,68719,68720,68722,68724,68726,68728,68730],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,68721,95],{"class":94},[44,68723,98],{"class":80},[44,68725,10822],{"class":94},[44,68727,98],{"class":80},[44,68729,35808],{"class":84},[44,68731,370],{"class":80},[20,68733,107],{},[35,68735,68736],{"className":37,"code":46279,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68737,68738],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68739,68740],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68741,46279],{"class":1675},[20,68743,68744,68745,18630,68747,81],{},"But the last index is ",[15,68746,1708],{},[15,68748,1714],{},[20,68750,68751],{},"Indexes are:",[139,68753,68754,68761,68767],{},[142,68755,68756,68758,68759],{},[15,68757,1772],{}," for ",[15,68760,17762],{},[142,68762,68763,68758,68765],{},[15,68764,2643],{},[15,68766,65258],{},[142,68768,68769,68758,68771],{},[15,68770,1708],{},[15,68772,66144],{},[20,68774,68775],{},"So this causes an error:",[35,68777,68779],{"className":37,"code":68778,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,68780,68781,68813],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68782,68783,68785,68787,68789,68791,68793,68795,68797,68799,68801,68803,68805,68807,68809,68811],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68784,35755],{"class":50},[44,68786,55],{"class":54},[44,68788,3281],{"class":80},[44,68790,362],{"class":58},[44,68792,243],{"class":62},[44,68794,362],{"class":58},[44,68796,2646],{"class":80},[44,68798,59],{"class":58},[44,68800,842],{"class":62},[44,68802,362],{"class":58},[44,68804,2646],{"class":80},[44,68806,59],{"class":58},[44,68808,846],{"class":62},[44,68810,362],{"class":58},[44,68812,3294],{"class":80},[44,68814,68815,68817,68819,68821,68823,68825,68827,68829],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,68816,95],{"class":94},[44,68818,98],{"class":80},[44,68820,35808],{"class":84},[44,68822,3561],{"class":80},[44,68824,10822],{"class":94},[44,68826,98],{"class":80},[44,68828,35808],{"class":84},[44,68830,10339],{"class":80},[20,68832,8156,68833,1118,68836,68838,68839,68841],{},[15,68834,68835],{},"len(letters)",[15,68837,1714],{},", and index ",[15,68840,1714],{}," does not exist.",[20,68843,18507],{},[35,68845,68847],{"className":37,"code":68846,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,68848,68849,68881],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68850,68851,68853,68855,68857,68859,68861,68863,68865,68867,68869,68871,68873,68875,68877,68879],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68852,35755],{"class":50},[44,68854,55],{"class":54},[44,68856,3281],{"class":80},[44,68858,362],{"class":58},[44,68860,243],{"class":62},[44,68862,362],{"class":58},[44,68864,2646],{"class":80},[44,68866,59],{"class":58},[44,68868,842],{"class":62},[44,68870,362],{"class":58},[44,68872,2646],{"class":80},[44,68874,59],{"class":58},[44,68876,846],{"class":62},[44,68878,362],{"class":58},[44,68880,3294],{"class":80},[44,68882,68883,68885,68887,68889,68891,68893,68895,68897,68899,68901,68903],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,68884,95],{"class":94},[44,68886,98],{"class":80},[44,68888,35808],{"class":84},[44,68890,3561],{"class":80},[44,68892,10822],{"class":94},[44,68894,98],{"class":80},[44,68896,35808],{"class":84},[44,68898,3321],{"class":80},[44,68900,1872],{"class":54},[44,68902,5162],{"class":1675},[44,68904,3549],{"class":80},[20,68906,107],{},[35,68908,68910],{"className":37,"code":68909,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"c\n",[15,68911,68912],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68913,68914],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68915,68909],{"class":50},[20,68917,68918,68919,81],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[243,68920,68922],{"href":68921},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[267,68924,675,68926,68928],{"id":68925},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,68927,42025],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,68930,68931],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,68933,68934],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[35,68936,68938],{"className":37,"code":68937,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,68939,68940,68950,68964,68978],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68941,68942,68944,68946,68948],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68943,95],{"class":94},[44,68945,98],{"class":80},[44,68947,8000],{"class":84},[44,68949,104],{"class":80},[44,68951,68952,68954,68956,68958,68960,68962],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,68953,95],{"class":94},[44,68955,98],{"class":80},[44,68957,10822],{"class":94},[44,68959,98],{"class":80},[44,68961,8000],{"class":84},[44,68963,370],{"class":80},[44,68965,68966,68968,68970,68972,68974,68976],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,68967,95],{"class":94},[44,68969,98],{"class":80},[44,68971,2880],{"class":1461},[44,68973,98],{"class":80},[44,68975,8000],{"class":84},[44,68977,370],{"class":80},[44,68979,68980,68982,68984,68986,68988,68990],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,68981,95],{"class":94},[44,68983,98],{"class":80},[44,68985,8000],{"class":84},[44,68987,3561],{"class":80},[44,68989,1772],{"class":1675},[44,68991,3549],{"class":80},[20,68993,68994],{},"These help you verify:",[139,68996,68997,69000,69002,69005],{},[142,68998,68999],{},"what the variable contains",[142,69001,60447],{},[142,69003,69004],{},"whether it is really a list",[142,69006,69007],{},"what the first item is",[20,69009,69010,69011,69014],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69012,69013],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[30,69016,1133,69018,69020],{"id":69017},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69019,42025],{}," with lists",[20,69022,69023,69024,69026],{},"You will often use ",[15,69025,42025],{}," in real programs.",[20,69028,9034],{},[139,69030,69031,69033,69036,69039],{},[142,69032,51432],{},[142,69034,69035],{},"Control loops",[142,69037,69038],{},"Validate input or results",[142,69040,69041],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69043,69044],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[35,69046,69048],{"className":37,"code":69047,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69049,69050,69070,69086,69090,69104,69118],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69051,69052,69054,69056,69058,69060,69062,69064,69066,69068],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69053,2208],{"class":50},[44,69055,55],{"class":54},[44,69057,3281],{"class":80},[44,69059,2643],{"class":1675},[44,69061,2646],{"class":80},[44,69063,2649],{"class":1675},[44,69065,2646],{"class":80},[44,69067,2104],{"class":1675},[44,69069,3294],{"class":80},[44,69071,69072,69074,69076,69078,69080,69082,69084],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,69073,2236],{"class":50},[44,69075,55],{"class":54},[44,69077,3281],{"class":80},[44,69079,1982],{"class":1675},[44,69081,2646],{"class":80},[44,69083,7452],{"class":1675},[44,69085,3294],{"class":80},[44,69087,69088],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,69089,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,69091,69092,69094,69096,69098,69100,69102],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,69093,95],{"class":94},[44,69095,98],{"class":80},[44,69097,10822],{"class":94},[44,69099,98],{"class":80},[44,69101,243],{"class":84},[44,69103,370],{"class":80},[44,69105,69106,69108,69110,69112,69114,69116],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,69107,95],{"class":94},[44,69109,98],{"class":80},[44,69111,10822],{"class":94},[44,69113,98],{"class":80},[44,69115,842],{"class":84},[44,69117,370],{"class":80},[44,69119,69120,69122,69124,69126,69128,69130,69132,69134,69136,69138,69140],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,69121,95],{"class":94},[44,69123,98],{"class":80},[44,69125,10822],{"class":94},[44,69127,98],{"class":80},[44,69129,243],{"class":84},[44,69131,3321],{"class":80},[44,69133,38062],{"class":54},[44,69135,38052],{"class":94},[44,69137,98],{"class":80},[44,69139,842],{"class":84},[44,69141,370],{"class":80},[20,69143,107],{},[35,69145,69147],{"className":37,"code":69146,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69148,69149,69153,69157],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69150,69151],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69152,46279],{"class":1675},[44,69154,69155],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,69156,16721],{"class":1675},[44,69158,69159],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,69160,3641],{"class":3513},[20,69162,69163],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[35,69165,69167],{"className":37,"code":69166,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69168,69169,69201,69205,69227],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69170,69171,69173,69175,69177,69179,69181,69183,69185,69187,69189,69191,69193,69195,69197,69199],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69172,4657],{"class":50},[44,69174,55],{"class":54},[44,69176,3281],{"class":80},[44,69178,362],{"class":58},[44,69180,12543],{"class":62},[44,69182,362],{"class":58},[44,69184,2646],{"class":80},[44,69186,59],{"class":58},[44,69188,35605],{"class":62},[44,69190,362],{"class":58},[44,69192,2646],{"class":80},[44,69194,59],{"class":58},[44,69196,35614],{"class":62},[44,69198,362],{"class":58},[44,69200,3294],{"class":80},[44,69202,69203],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,69204,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,69206,69207,69209,69212,69214,69216,69218,69220,69222,69224],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,69208,5623],{"class":524},[44,69210,69211],{"class":50}," i ",[44,69213,3544],{"class":524},[44,69215,53731],{"class":94},[44,69217,98],{"class":80},[44,69219,10822],{"class":94},[44,69221,98],{"class":80},[44,69223,4701],{"class":84},[44,69225,69226],{"class":80},")):\n",[44,69228,69229,69231,69233,69235,69237,69240,69242,69244],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,69230,553],{"class":94},[44,69232,98],{"class":80},[44,69234,35819],{"class":84},[44,69236,2646],{"class":80},[44,69238,69239],{"class":84}," names",[44,69241,3561],{"class":80},[44,69243,35819],{"class":84},[44,69245,3549],{"class":80},[20,69247,107],{},[35,69249,69250],{"className":37,"code":35663,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,69251,69252,69258,69264],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69253,69254,69256],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69255,1772],{"class":1675},[44,69257,35672],{"class":50},[44,69259,69260,69262],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,69261,2643],{"class":1675},[44,69263,35679],{"class":50},[44,69265,69266,69268],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,69267,1708],{"class":1675},[44,69269,35686],{"class":50},[20,69271,69272,69273,81],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[243,69274,69276],{"href":69275},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69278,69279,69280,69282],{},"You can also read ",[243,69281,51209],{"href":51208}," for a task-focused guide.",[30,69284,1478],{"id":1477},[267,69286,69288],{"id":69287},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69290,119,69291,69294],{},[15,69292,69293],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[267,69296,1504,69298,12378],{"id":69297},"what-does-len-return",[15,69299,69300],{},"len([])",[20,69302,4810,69303,69305],{},[15,69304,1772],{}," because the list is empty.",[267,69307,69309],{"id":69308},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69311,69312],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[267,69314,27996,69316,69318],{"id":69315},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69317,68494],{}," in Python?",[20,69320,29938,69321,7883,69323,69325],{},[15,69322,67940],{},[15,69324,42025],{}," is a built-in function.",[30,69327,1545],{"id":1544},[139,69329,69330,69336,69340,69344,69348],{},[142,69331,69332],{},[243,69333,3234,69334,3167],{"href":42022},[15,69335,42025],{},[142,69337,69338],{},[243,69339,52252],{"href":51208},[142,69341,69342],{},[243,69343,52433],{"href":50641},[142,69345,69346],{},[243,69347,68922],{"href":68921},[142,69349,69350],{},[243,69351,69352],{"href":69275},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1577,69354,69355],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":69357},[69358,69359,69361,69362,69363,69364,69372,69374,69382],{"id":14825,"depth":69,"text":14826},{"id":67932,"depth":69,"text":69360},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5451,"depth":69,"text":5452},{"id":68201,"depth":69,"text":68202},{"id":68342,"depth":69,"text":68343},{"id":4182,"depth":69,"text":4183,"children":69365},[69366,69368,69369,69370],{"id":68491,"depth":91,"text":69367},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25354,"depth":91,"text":25355},{"id":68671,"depth":91,"text":68672},{"id":68925,"depth":91,"text":69371},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69017,"depth":69,"text":69373},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":69375},[69376,69377,69379,69380],{"id":69287,"depth":91,"text":69288},{"id":69297,"depth":91,"text":69378},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69308,"depth":91,"text":69309},{"id":69315,"depth":91,"text":69381},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":67827,"description":69383},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69389,"title":69390,"body":69391,"description":71373,"extension":1611,"meta":71374,"navigation":184,"path":71375,"seo":71376,"stem":71377,"__hash__":71378},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69392,"toc":71346},[69393,69396,69401,69404,69412,69425,69427,69492,69494,69516,69521,69525,69530,69538,69540,69550,69552,69633,69635,69665,69667,69686,69691,69708,69710,69794,69796,69826,69831,69835,69841,69925,69927,69957,69960,69964,69967,70058,70060,70098,70101,70186,70188,70218,70224,70231,70235,70240,70249,70251,70336,70338,70367,70370,70378,70382,70386,70395,70418,70420,70442,70444,70458,70460,70520,70524,70529,70568,70570,70587,70589,70599,70698,70703,70707,70712,70755,70757,70785,70787,70801,70876,70878,70900,70904,70907,70912,70923,70928,70936,70939,71010,71012,71037,71094,71096,71117,71126,71134,71139,71141,71146,71167,71170,71245,71248,71262,71269,71271,71275,71281,71285,71295,71299,71306,71310,71316,71318,71343],[10,69394,69390],{"id":69395},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69397,69398,69400],{},[15,69399,54743],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69402,69403],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[139,69405,69406,69409],{},[142,69407,69408],{},"delete an item from a list",[142,69410,69411],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69413,69414,69415,69417,69418,8363,69420,69424],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69416,12425],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69419,12425],{},[243,69421,69422],{"href":54733},[15,69423,55190],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[30,69426,1653],{"id":1652},[35,69428,69430],{"className":37,"code":69429,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69431,69432,69452,69467,69471,69482],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69433,69434,69436,69438,69440,69442,69444,69446,69448,69450],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69435,3276],{"class":50},[44,69437,55],{"class":54},[44,69439,3281],{"class":80},[44,69441,1982],{"class":1675},[44,69443,2646],{"class":80},[44,69445,7452],{"class":1675},[44,69447,2646],{"class":80},[44,69449,7457],{"class":1675},[44,69451,3294],{"class":80},[44,69453,69454,69457,69459,69461,69463,69465],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,69455,69456],{"class":50},"last_item ",[44,69458,55],{"class":54},[44,69460,3926],{"class":50},[44,69462,81],{"class":80},[44,69464,25909],{"class":84},[44,69466,88],{"class":80},[44,69468,69469],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,69470,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,69472,69473,69475,69477,69480],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,69474,95],{"class":94},[44,69476,98],{"class":80},[44,69478,69479],{"class":84},"last_item",[44,69481,104],{"class":80},[44,69483,69484,69486,69488,69490],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,69485,95],{"class":94},[44,69487,98],{"class":80},[44,69489,3308],{"class":84},[44,69491,104],{"class":80},[20,69493,107],{},[35,69495,69497],{"className":37,"code":69496,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69498,69499,69504],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69500,69501],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69502,69503],{"class":1675},"30\n",[44,69505,69506,69508,69510,69512,69514],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,69507,3561],{"class":80},[44,69509,1982],{"class":1675},[44,69511,2646],{"class":80},[44,69513,7452],{"class":1675},[44,69515,3294],{"class":80},[20,69517,119,69518,69520],{},[15,69519,12425],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[30,69522,69524],{"id":69523},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69526,69527,69529],{},[15,69528,12425],{}," has two main jobs:",[139,69531,69532,69535],{},[142,69533,69534],{},"It removes one item from a list",[142,69536,69537],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69539,43312],{},[139,69541,69542,69545,69548],{},[142,69543,69544],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[142,69546,69547],{},"It changes the original list",[142,69549,52407],{},[20,69551,161],{},[35,69553,69555],{"className":37,"code":69554,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69556,69557,69589,69593,69608,69612,69623],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69558,69559,69561,69563,69565,69567,69569,69571,69573,69575,69577,69579,69581,69583,69585,69587],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69560,12738],{"class":50},[44,69562,55],{"class":54},[44,69564,3281],{"class":80},[44,69566,362],{"class":58},[44,69568,12755],{"class":62},[44,69570,362],{"class":58},[44,69572,2646],{"class":80},[44,69574,59],{"class":58},[44,69576,17121],{"class":62},[44,69578,362],{"class":58},[44,69580,2646],{"class":80},[44,69582,59],{"class":58},[44,69584,12772],{"class":62},[44,69586,362],{"class":58},[44,69588,3294],{"class":80},[44,69590,69591],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,69592,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,69594,69595,69598,69600,69602,69604,69606],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,69596,69597],{"class":50},"removed ",[44,69599,55],{"class":54},[44,69601,12786],{"class":50},[44,69603,81],{"class":80},[44,69605,25909],{"class":84},[44,69607,88],{"class":80},[44,69609,69610],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,69611,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,69613,69614,69616,69618,69621],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,69615,95],{"class":94},[44,69617,98],{"class":80},[44,69619,69620],{"class":84},"removed",[44,69622,104],{"class":80},[44,69624,69625,69627,69629,69631],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,69626,95],{"class":94},[44,69628,98],{"class":80},[44,69630,17168],{"class":84},[44,69632,104],{"class":80},[20,69634,107],{},[35,69636,69638],{"className":37,"code":69637,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,69639,69640,69645],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69641,69642],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69643,69644],{"class":50},"blue\n",[44,69646,69647,69649,69651,69653,69655,69657,69659,69661,69663],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,69648,3561],{"class":80},[44,69650,655],{"class":58},[44,69652,12755],{"class":62},[44,69654,655],{"class":58},[44,69656,2646],{"class":80},[44,69658,2955],{"class":58},[44,69660,17121],{"class":62},[44,69662,655],{"class":58},[44,69664,3294],{"class":80},[30,69666,250],{"id":249},[35,69668,69670],{"className":37,"code":69669,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,69671,69672],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69673,69674,69676,69678,69680,69682,69684],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69675,7754],{"class":1461},[44,69677,81],{"class":80},[44,69679,25909],{"class":84},[44,69681,2640],{"class":80},[44,69683,35510],{"class":84},[44,69685,3549],{"class":80},[20,69687,1628,69688,69690],{},[15,69689,35510],{}," is optional.",[139,69692,69693,69699,69705],{},[142,69694,69695,69696,69698],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,69697,12425],{}," removes the last item",[142,69700,69701,69702,69704],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,69703,12425],{}," removes the item at that position",[142,69706,69707],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,69709,161],{},[35,69711,69713],{"className":37,"code":69712,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,69714,69715,69747,69751,69770,69774,69784],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69716,69717,69719,69721,69723,69725,69727,69729,69731,69733,69735,69737,69739,69741,69743,69745],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69718,35755],{"class":50},[44,69720,55],{"class":54},[44,69722,3281],{"class":80},[44,69724,362],{"class":58},[44,69726,243],{"class":62},[44,69728,362],{"class":58},[44,69730,2646],{"class":80},[44,69732,59],{"class":58},[44,69734,842],{"class":62},[44,69736,362],{"class":58},[44,69738,2646],{"class":80},[44,69740,59],{"class":58},[44,69742,846],{"class":62},[44,69744,362],{"class":58},[44,69746,3294],{"class":80},[44,69748,69749],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,69750,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,69752,69753,69755,69757,69760,69762,69764,69766,69768],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,69754,28206],{"class":50},[44,69756,55],{"class":54},[44,69758,69759],{"class":50}," letters",[44,69761,81],{"class":80},[44,69763,25909],{"class":84},[44,69765,98],{"class":80},[44,69767,2643],{"class":1675},[44,69769,104],{"class":80},[44,69771,69772],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,69773,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,69775,69776,69778,69780,69782],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,69777,95],{"class":94},[44,69779,98],{"class":80},[44,69781,22978],{"class":84},[44,69783,104],{"class":80},[44,69785,69786,69788,69790,69792],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,69787,95],{"class":94},[44,69789,98],{"class":80},[44,69791,35808],{"class":84},[44,69793,104],{"class":80},[20,69795,107],{},[35,69797,69799],{"className":37,"code":69798,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,69800,69801,69806],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69802,69803],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69804,69805],{"class":50},"b\n",[44,69807,69808,69810,69812,69814,69816,69818,69820,69822,69824],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,69809,3561],{"class":80},[44,69811,655],{"class":58},[44,69813,243],{"class":62},[44,69815,655],{"class":58},[44,69817,2646],{"class":80},[44,69819,2955],{"class":58},[44,69821,846],{"class":62},[44,69823,655],{"class":58},[44,69825,3294],{"class":80},[20,69827,69828,69829,81],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[243,69830,52433],{"href":50641},[30,69832,69834],{"id":69833},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,69836,69837,69838,69840],{},"When you call ",[15,69839,12425],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[35,69842,69844],{"className":37,"code":69843,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,69845,69846,69881,69885,69900,69904,69915],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69847,69848,69850,69852,69854,69856,69859,69861,69863,69865,69868,69870,69872,69874,69877,69879],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69849,29565],{"class":50},[44,69851,55],{"class":54},[44,69853,3281],{"class":80},[44,69855,362],{"class":58},[44,69857,69858],{"class":62},"write",[44,69860,362],{"class":58},[44,69862,2646],{"class":80},[44,69864,59],{"class":58},[44,69866,69867],{"class":62},"test",[44,69869,362],{"class":58},[44,69871,2646],{"class":80},[44,69873,59],{"class":58},[44,69875,69876],{"class":62},"submit",[44,69878,362],{"class":58},[44,69880,3294],{"class":80},[44,69882,69883],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,69884,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,69886,69887,69890,69892,69894,69896,69898],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,69888,69889],{"class":50},"last_task ",[44,69891,55],{"class":54},[44,69893,29643],{"class":50},[44,69895,81],{"class":80},[44,69897,25909],{"class":84},[44,69899,88],{"class":80},[44,69901,69902],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,69903,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,69905,69906,69908,69910,69913],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,69907,95],{"class":94},[44,69909,98],{"class":80},[44,69911,69912],{"class":84},"last_task",[44,69914,104],{"class":80},[44,69916,69917,69919,69921,69923],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,69918,95],{"class":94},[44,69920,98],{"class":80},[44,69922,36170],{"class":84},[44,69924,104],{"class":80},[20,69926,107],{},[35,69928,69930],{"className":37,"code":69929,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,69931,69932,69937],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69933,69934],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69935,69936],{"class":50},"submit\n",[44,69938,69939,69941,69943,69945,69947,69949,69951,69953,69955],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,69940,3561],{"class":80},[44,69942,655],{"class":58},[44,69944,69858],{"class":62},[44,69946,655],{"class":58},[44,69948,2646],{"class":80},[44,69950,2955],{"class":58},[44,69952,69867],{"class":62},[44,69954,655],{"class":58},[44,69956,3294],{"class":80},[20,69958,69959],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[30,69961,69963],{"id":69962},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,69965,69966],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[35,69968,69970],{"className":37,"code":69969,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,69971,69972,70012,70016,70034,70038,70048],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69973,69974,69976,69978,69980,69982,69984,69986,69988,69990,69992,69994,69996,69998,70000,70002,70004,70006,70008,70010],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69975,35904],{"class":50},[44,69977,55],{"class":54},[44,69979,3281],{"class":80},[44,69981,362],{"class":58},[44,69983,3741],{"class":62},[44,69985,362],{"class":58},[44,69987,2646],{"class":80},[44,69989,59],{"class":58},[44,69991,3750],{"class":62},[44,69993,362],{"class":58},[44,69995,2646],{"class":80},[44,69997,59],{"class":58},[44,69999,3759],{"class":62},[44,70001,362],{"class":58},[44,70003,2646],{"class":80},[44,70005,59],{"class":58},[44,70007,32887],{"class":62},[44,70009,362],{"class":58},[44,70011,3294],{"class":80},[44,70013,70014],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,70015,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,70017,70018,70020,70022,70024,70026,70028,70030,70032],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,70019,69597],{"class":50},[44,70021,55],{"class":54},[44,70023,52513],{"class":50},[44,70025,81],{"class":80},[44,70027,25909],{"class":84},[44,70029,98],{"class":80},[44,70031,2643],{"class":1675},[44,70033,104],{"class":80},[44,70035,70036],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,70037,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,70039,70040,70042,70044,70046],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,70041,95],{"class":94},[44,70043,98],{"class":80},[44,70045,69620],{"class":84},[44,70047,104],{"class":80},[44,70049,70050,70052,70054,70056],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,70051,95],{"class":94},[44,70053,98],{"class":80},[44,70055,35956],{"class":84},[44,70057,104],{"class":80},[20,70059,107],{},[35,70061,70063],{"className":37,"code":70062,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70064,70065,70070],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70066,70067],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70068,70069],{"class":50},"banana\n",[44,70071,70072,70074,70076,70078,70080,70082,70084,70086,70088,70090,70092,70094,70096],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,70073,3561],{"class":80},[44,70075,655],{"class":58},[44,70077,3741],{"class":62},[44,70079,655],{"class":58},[44,70081,2646],{"class":80},[44,70083,2955],{"class":58},[44,70085,3759],{"class":62},[44,70087,655],{"class":58},[44,70089,2646],{"class":80},[44,70091,2955],{"class":58},[44,70093,32887],{"class":62},[44,70095,655],{"class":58},[44,70097,3294],{"class":80},[20,70099,70100],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[35,70102,70104],{"className":37,"code":70103,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70105,70106,70138,70142,70162,70166,70176],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70107,70108,70110,70112,70114,70116,70118,70120,70122,70124,70126,70128,70130,70132,70134,70136],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70109,35904],{"class":50},[44,70111,55],{"class":54},[44,70113,3281],{"class":80},[44,70115,362],{"class":58},[44,70117,3741],{"class":62},[44,70119,362],{"class":58},[44,70121,2646],{"class":80},[44,70123,59],{"class":58},[44,70125,3750],{"class":62},[44,70127,362],{"class":58},[44,70129,2646],{"class":80},[44,70131,59],{"class":58},[44,70133,3759],{"class":62},[44,70135,362],{"class":58},[44,70137,3294],{"class":80},[44,70139,70140],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,70141,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,70143,70144,70146,70148,70150,70152,70154,70156,70158,70160],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,70145,69597],{"class":50},[44,70147,55],{"class":54},[44,70149,52513],{"class":50},[44,70151,81],{"class":80},[44,70153,25909],{"class":84},[44,70155,98],{"class":80},[44,70157,1672],{"class":54},[44,70159,2643],{"class":1675},[44,70161,104],{"class":80},[44,70163,70164],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,70165,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,70167,70168,70170,70172,70174],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,70169,95],{"class":94},[44,70171,98],{"class":80},[44,70173,69620],{"class":84},[44,70175,104],{"class":80},[44,70177,70178,70180,70182,70184],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,70179,95],{"class":94},[44,70181,98],{"class":80},[44,70183,35956],{"class":84},[44,70185,104],{"class":80},[20,70187,107],{},[35,70189,70191],{"className":37,"code":70190,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70192,70193,70198],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70194,70195],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70196,70197],{"class":50},"cherry\n",[44,70199,70200,70202,70204,70206,70208,70210,70212,70214,70216],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,70201,3561],{"class":80},[44,70203,655],{"class":58},[44,70205,3741],{"class":62},[44,70207,655],{"class":58},[44,70209,2646],{"class":80},[44,70211,2955],{"class":58},[44,70213,3750],{"class":62},[44,70215,655],{"class":58},[44,70217,3294],{"class":80},[20,70219,70220,70221,70223],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70222,65517],{}," means the last item.",[20,70225,70226,70227,81],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[243,70228,70229,1555],{"href":58627},[15,70230,64528],{},[30,70232,70234],{"id":70233},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70236,70237,70239],{},[15,70238,12425],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70241,70242,70243,4057,70245,81],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70244,12425],{},[243,70246,70247],{"href":54733},[15,70248,55190],{},[20,70250,161],{},[35,70252,70254],{"className":37,"code":70253,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70255,70256,70288,70292,70311,70315,70326],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70257,70258,70260,70262,70264,70266,70268,70270,70272,70274,70276,70278,70280,70282,70284,70286],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70259,4657],{"class":50},[44,70261,55],{"class":54},[44,70263,3281],{"class":80},[44,70265,362],{"class":58},[44,70267,12543],{"class":62},[44,70269,362],{"class":58},[44,70271,2646],{"class":80},[44,70273,59],{"class":58},[44,70275,35605],{"class":62},[44,70277,362],{"class":58},[44,70279,2646],{"class":80},[44,70281,59],{"class":58},[44,70283,35614],{"class":62},[44,70285,362],{"class":58},[44,70287,3294],{"class":80},[44,70289,70290],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,70291,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,70293,70294,70297,70299,70301,70303,70305,70307,70309],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,70295,70296],{"class":50},"removed_name ",[44,70298,55],{"class":54},[44,70300,69239],{"class":50},[44,70302,81],{"class":80},[44,70304,25909],{"class":84},[44,70306,98],{"class":80},[44,70308,1772],{"class":1675},[44,70310,104],{"class":80},[44,70312,70313],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,70314,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,70316,70317,70319,70321,70324],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,70318,95],{"class":94},[44,70320,98],{"class":80},[44,70322,70323],{"class":84},"removed_name",[44,70325,104],{"class":80},[44,70327,70328,70330,70332,70334],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,70329,95],{"class":94},[44,70331,98],{"class":80},[44,70333,4701],{"class":84},[44,70335,104],{"class":80},[20,70337,107],{},[35,70339,70341],{"className":37,"code":70340,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70342,70343,70347],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70344,70345],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70346,49702],{"class":50},[44,70348,70349,70351,70353,70355,70357,70359,70361,70363,70365],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,70350,3561],{"class":80},[44,70352,655],{"class":58},[44,70354,35605],{"class":62},[44,70356,655],{"class":58},[44,70358,2646],{"class":80},[44,70360,2955],{"class":58},[44,70362,35614],{"class":62},[44,70364,655],{"class":58},[44,70366,3294],{"class":80},[20,70368,70369],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70371,70372,70373,70375,70376,81],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70374,55190],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70377,3439],{},[30,70379,70381],{"id":70380},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[267,70383,70385],{"id":70384},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70387,70388,70389,70391,70392,81],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70390,12425],{}," raises an ",[15,70393,70394],{},"IndexError",[35,70396,70398],{"className":37,"code":70397,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70399,70400,70408],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70401,70402,70404,70406],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70403,7441],{"class":50},[44,70405,55],{"class":54},[44,70407,7501],{"class":80},[44,70409,70410,70412,70414,70416],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,70411,7472],{"class":50},[44,70413,81],{"class":80},[44,70415,25909],{"class":84},[44,70417,88],{"class":80},[20,70419,107],{},[35,70421,70423],{"className":37,"code":70422,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70424,70425],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70426,70427,70429,70431,70434,70437,70440],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70428,70394],{"class":1461},[44,70430,2539],{"class":80},[44,70432,70433],{"class":50}," pop ",[44,70435,70436],{"class":524},"from",[44,70438,70439],{"class":50}," empty ",[44,70441,49548],{"class":1461},[20,70443,38928],{},[139,70445,70446,70451],{},[142,70447,70448,70449],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70450,12425],{},[142,70452,70453,70454,4057,70456],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70455,29471],{},[15,70457,29502],{},[20,70459,161],{},[35,70461,70463],{"className":37,"code":70462,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70464,70465,70473,70477,70485,70499,70505],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70466,70467,70469,70471],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70468,7441],{"class":50},[44,70470,55],{"class":54},[44,70472,7501],{"class":80},[44,70474,70475],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,70476,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,70478,70479,70481,70483],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,70480,525],{"class":524},[44,70482,5631],{"class":50},[44,70484,548],{"class":80},[44,70486,70487,70489,70491,70493,70495,70497],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,70488,553],{"class":94},[44,70490,98],{"class":80},[44,70492,7472],{"class":84},[44,70494,81],{"class":80},[44,70496,25909],{"class":84},[44,70498,201],{"class":80},[44,70500,70501,70503],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,70502,27101],{"class":524},[44,70504,548],{"class":80},[44,70506,70507,70509,70511,70513,70516,70518],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,70508,553],{"class":94},[44,70510,98],{"class":80},[44,70512,362],{"class":58},[44,70514,70515],{"class":62},"The list is empty.",[44,70517,362],{"class":58},[44,70519,104],{"class":80},[267,70521,70523],{"id":70522},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70525,70526,70527,81],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70528,70394],{},[35,70530,70532],{"className":37,"code":70531,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70533,70534,70554],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70535,70536,70538,70540,70542,70544,70546,70548,70550,70552],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70537,3276],{"class":50},[44,70539,55],{"class":54},[44,70541,3281],{"class":80},[44,70543,1982],{"class":1675},[44,70545,2646],{"class":80},[44,70547,7452],{"class":1675},[44,70549,2646],{"class":80},[44,70551,7457],{"class":1675},[44,70553,3294],{"class":80},[44,70555,70556,70558,70560,70562,70564,70566],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,70557,3308],{"class":50},[44,70559,81],{"class":80},[44,70561,25909],{"class":84},[44,70563,98],{"class":80},[44,70565,1789],{"class":1675},[44,70567,104],{"class":80},[20,70569,107],{},[35,70571,70573],{"className":37,"code":70572,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70574,70575],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70576,70577,70579,70581,70584],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70578,70394],{"class":1461},[44,70580,2539],{"class":80},[44,70582,70583],{"class":50}," pop index out of ",[44,70585,70586],{"class":94},"range\n",[20,70588,38928],{},[139,70590,70591,70596],{},[142,70592,70593,70594],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,70595,42025],{},[142,70597,70598],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[35,70600,70602],{"className":37,"code":70601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,70603,70604,70624,70633,70637,70659,70677,70683],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70605,70606,70608,70610,70612,70614,70616,70618,70620,70622],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70607,3276],{"class":50},[44,70609,55],{"class":54},[44,70611,3281],{"class":80},[44,70613,1982],{"class":1675},[44,70615,2646],{"class":80},[44,70617,7452],{"class":1675},[44,70619,2646],{"class":80},[44,70621,7457],{"class":1675},[44,70623,3294],{"class":80},[44,70625,70626,70629,70631],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,70627,70628],{"class":50},"index ",[44,70630,55],{"class":54},[44,70632,45252],{"class":1675},[44,70634,70635],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,70636,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,70638,70639,70641,70643,70646,70649,70651,70653,70655,70657],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,70640,525],{"class":524},[44,70642,3495],{"class":1675},[44,70644,70645],{"class":54}," \u003C=",[44,70647,70648],{"class":50}," index ",[44,70650,2949],{"class":54},[44,70652,38052],{"class":94},[44,70654,98],{"class":80},[44,70656,3308],{"class":84},[44,70658,8003],{"class":80},[44,70660,70661,70663,70665,70667,70669,70671,70673,70675],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,70662,553],{"class":94},[44,70664,98],{"class":80},[44,70666,3308],{"class":84},[44,70668,81],{"class":80},[44,70670,25909],{"class":84},[44,70672,98],{"class":80},[44,70674,35510],{"class":84},[44,70676,370],{"class":80},[44,70678,70679,70681],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,70680,27101],{"class":524},[44,70682,548],{"class":80},[44,70684,70685,70687,70689,70691,70694,70696],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,70686,553],{"class":94},[44,70688,98],{"class":80},[44,70690,362],{"class":58},[44,70692,70693],{"class":62},"Index is out of range.",[44,70695,362],{"class":58},[44,70697,104],{"class":80},[20,70699,70700,70701,81],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[243,70702,68922],{"href":68921},[267,70704,70706],{"id":70705},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,70708,70709,70711],{},[15,70710,12425],{}," expects an integer index.",[35,70713,70715],{"className":37,"code":70714,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,70716,70717,70737],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70718,70719,70721,70723,70725,70727,70729,70731,70733,70735],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70720,3276],{"class":50},[44,70722,55],{"class":54},[44,70724,3281],{"class":80},[44,70726,1982],{"class":1675},[44,70728,2646],{"class":80},[44,70730,7452],{"class":1675},[44,70732,2646],{"class":80},[44,70734,7457],{"class":1675},[44,70736,3294],{"class":80},[44,70738,70739,70741,70743,70745,70747,70749,70751,70753],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,70740,3308],{"class":50},[44,70742,81],{"class":80},[44,70744,25909],{"class":84},[44,70746,98],{"class":80},[44,70748,362],{"class":58},[44,70750,2643],{"class":62},[44,70752,362],{"class":58},[44,70754,104],{"class":80},[20,70756,107],{},[35,70758,70760],{"className":37,"code":70759,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,70761,70762],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70763,70764,70766,70768,70770,70772,70774,70776,70779,70782],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70765,2662],{"class":1461},[44,70767,2539],{"class":80},[44,70769,2955],{"class":58},[44,70771,1462],{"class":62},[44,70773,655],{"class":58},[44,70775,24285],{"class":1461},[44,70777,70778],{"class":50}," cannot be interpreted ",[44,70780,70781],{"class":524},"as",[44,70783,70784],{"class":50}," an integer\n",[20,70786,38928],{},[139,70788,70789,70798],{},[142,70790,70791,70792,839,70794,843,70796],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,70793,1772],{},[15,70795,2643],{},[15,70797,65517],{},[142,70799,70800],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[35,70802,70804],{"className":37,"code":70803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70805,70806,70826,70844,70848,70866],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70807,70808,70810,70812,70814,70816,70818,70820,70822,70824],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70809,3276],{"class":50},[44,70811,55],{"class":54},[44,70813,3281],{"class":80},[44,70815,1982],{"class":1675},[44,70817,2646],{"class":80},[44,70819,7452],{"class":1675},[44,70821,2646],{"class":80},[44,70823,7457],{"class":1675},[44,70825,3294],{"class":80},[44,70827,70828,70830,70832,70834,70836,70838,70840,70842],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,70829,70628],{"class":50},[44,70831,55],{"class":54},[44,70833,44939],{"class":1461},[44,70835,98],{"class":80},[44,70837,362],{"class":58},[44,70839,2643],{"class":62},[44,70841,362],{"class":58},[44,70843,104],{"class":80},[44,70845,70846],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,70847,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,70849,70850,70852,70854,70856,70858,70860,70862,70864],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,70851,95],{"class":94},[44,70853,98],{"class":80},[44,70855,3308],{"class":84},[44,70857,81],{"class":80},[44,70859,25909],{"class":84},[44,70861,98],{"class":80},[44,70863,35510],{"class":84},[44,70865,370],{"class":80},[44,70867,70868,70870,70872,70874],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,70869,95],{"class":94},[44,70871,98],{"class":80},[44,70873,3308],{"class":84},[44,70875,104],{"class":80},[20,70877,107],{},[35,70879,70881],{"className":37,"code":70880,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,70882,70883,70888],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70884,70885],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70886,70887],{"class":1675},"20\n",[44,70889,70890,70892,70894,70896,70898],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,70891,3561],{"class":80},[44,70893,1982],{"class":1675},[44,70895,2646],{"class":80},[44,70897,7457],{"class":1675},[44,70899,3294],{"class":80},[30,70901,70903],{"id":70902},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,70905,70906],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[267,70908,119,70910,10261],{"id":70909},"use-pop-when",[15,70911,12425],{},[139,70913,70914,70917,70920],{},[142,70915,70916],{},"you want to remove by index",[142,70918,70919],{},"you want the removed item returned",[142,70921,70922],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[267,70924,119,70926,10261],{"id":70925},"use-remove-when",[15,70927,55190],{},[139,70929,70930,70933],{},[142,70931,70932],{},"you want to remove by value",[142,70934,70935],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,70937,70938],{},"Compare these examples:",[35,70940,70942],{"className":37,"code":70941,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70943,70944,70968,70972,70990,71000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70945,70946,70948,70950,70952,70954,70956,70958,70960,70962,70964,70966],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70947,3276],{"class":50},[44,70949,55],{"class":54},[44,70951,3281],{"class":80},[44,70953,1982],{"class":1675},[44,70955,2646],{"class":80},[44,70957,7452],{"class":1675},[44,70959,2646],{"class":80},[44,70961,7457],{"class":1675},[44,70963,2646],{"class":80},[44,70965,7452],{"class":1675},[44,70967,3294],{"class":80},[44,70969,70970],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,70971,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,70973,70974,70976,70978,70980,70982,70984,70986,70988],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,70975,69597],{"class":50},[44,70977,55],{"class":54},[44,70979,3926],{"class":50},[44,70981,81],{"class":80},[44,70983,25909],{"class":84},[44,70985,98],{"class":80},[44,70987,2643],{"class":1675},[44,70989,104],{"class":80},[44,70991,70992,70994,70996,70998],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,70993,95],{"class":94},[44,70995,98],{"class":80},[44,70997,69620],{"class":84},[44,70999,104],{"class":80},[44,71001,71002,71004,71006,71008],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,71003,95],{"class":94},[44,71005,98],{"class":80},[44,71007,3308],{"class":84},[44,71009,104],{"class":80},[20,71011,107],{},[35,71013,71015],{"className":37,"code":71014,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71016,71017,71021],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71018,71019],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71020,70887],{"class":1675},[44,71022,71023,71025,71027,71029,71031,71033,71035],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,71024,3561],{"class":80},[44,71026,1982],{"class":1675},[44,71028,2646],{"class":80},[44,71030,7457],{"class":1675},[44,71032,2646],{"class":80},[44,71034,7452],{"class":1675},[44,71036,3294],{"class":80},[35,71038,71040],{"className":37,"code":71039,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71041,71042,71066,71070,71084],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71043,71044,71046,71048,71050,71052,71054,71056,71058,71060,71062,71064],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71045,3276],{"class":50},[44,71047,55],{"class":54},[44,71049,3281],{"class":80},[44,71051,1982],{"class":1675},[44,71053,2646],{"class":80},[44,71055,7452],{"class":1675},[44,71057,2646],{"class":80},[44,71059,7457],{"class":1675},[44,71061,2646],{"class":80},[44,71063,7452],{"class":1675},[44,71065,3294],{"class":80},[44,71067,71068],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,71069,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,71071,71072,71074,71076,71078,71080,71082],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,71073,3308],{"class":50},[44,71075,81],{"class":80},[44,71077,34457],{"class":84},[44,71079,98],{"class":80},[44,71081,15418],{"class":1675},[44,71083,104],{"class":80},[44,71085,71086,71088,71090,71092],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,71087,95],{"class":94},[44,71089,98],{"class":80},[44,71091,3308],{"class":84},[44,71093,104],{"class":80},[20,71095,107],{},[35,71097,71099],{"className":37,"code":71098,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71100,71101],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71102,71103,71105,71107,71109,71111,71113,71115],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71104,3561],{"class":80},[44,71106,1982],{"class":1675},[44,71108,2646],{"class":80},[44,71110,7457],{"class":1675},[44,71112,2646],{"class":80},[44,71114,7452],{"class":1675},[44,71116,3294],{"class":80},[20,71118,71119,71120,71123,71124,81],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71121,71122],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71125,2643],{},[20,71127,56266,71128,71131,71132,81],{},[15,71129,71130],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71133,15418],{},[20,71135,71136,71137,81],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[243,71138,54729],{"href":54728},[30,71140,1238],{"id":1237},[20,71142,71143,71144,2539],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71145,12425],{},[139,71147,71148,71151,71154,71160,71164],{},[142,71149,71150],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[142,71152,71153],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[142,71155,36869,71156,8363,71158],{},[15,71157,12425],{},[15,71159,55190],{},[142,71161,1246,71162,61635],{},[15,71163,12425],{},[142,71165,71166],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71168,71169],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[35,71171,71173],{"className":37,"code":71172,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71174,71175,71185,71199,71213,71231],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71176,71177,71179,71181,71183],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71178,95],{"class":94},[44,71180,98],{"class":80},[44,71182,8000],{"class":84},[44,71184,104],{"class":80},[44,71186,71187,71189,71191,71193,71195,71197],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,71188,95],{"class":94},[44,71190,98],{"class":80},[44,71192,10822],{"class":94},[44,71194,98],{"class":80},[44,71196,8000],{"class":84},[44,71198,370],{"class":80},[44,71200,71201,71203,71205,71207,71209,71211],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,71202,95],{"class":94},[44,71204,98],{"class":80},[44,71206,8000],{"class":84},[44,71208,81],{"class":80},[44,71210,25909],{"class":84},[44,71212,201],{"class":80},[44,71214,71215,71217,71219,71221,71223,71225,71227,71229],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,71216,95],{"class":94},[44,71218,98],{"class":80},[44,71220,8000],{"class":84},[44,71222,81],{"class":80},[44,71224,25909],{"class":84},[44,71226,98],{"class":80},[44,71228,1772],{"class":1675},[44,71230,370],{"class":80},[44,71232,71233,71235,71237,71239,71241,71243],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,71234,95],{"class":94},[44,71236,98],{"class":80},[44,71238,2880],{"class":1461},[44,71240,98],{"class":80},[44,71242,35510],{"class":84},[44,71244,370],{"class":80},[20,71246,71247],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[139,71249,71250,71256],{},[142,71251,71252,71255],{},[15,71253,71254],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[142,71257,71258,71261],{},[15,71259,71260],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71263,71264,71265,71268],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71266,71267],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[30,71270,1478],{"id":1477},[267,71272,71274],{"id":71273},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71276,71277,71278,71280],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71279,12425],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[267,71282,71284],{"id":71283},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71286,71287,71289,71290,71292,71293,81],{},[15,71288,12425],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71291,55190],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71294,3439],{},[267,71296,71298],{"id":71297},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71300,71301,71302,71305],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71303,71304],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[267,71307,71309],{"id":71308},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71311,71312,71313,71315],{},"Python raises ",[15,71314,70394],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[30,71317,1545],{"id":1544},[139,71319,71320,71324,71329,71334,71339],{},[142,71321,71322],{},[243,71323,55176],{"href":54728},[142,71325,71326],{},[243,71327,71328],{"href":54733},"Python list remove() method",[142,71330,71331],{},[243,71332,71333],{"href":58627},"Python list index() method",[142,71335,71336],{},[243,71337,71338],{"href":50641},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[142,71340,71341],{},[243,71342,68922],{"href":68921},[1577,71344,71345],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":71347},[71348,71349,71350,71351,71352,71353,71354,71359,71365,71366,71372],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":69523,"depth":69,"text":69524},{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":69833,"depth":69,"text":69834},{"id":69962,"depth":69,"text":69963},{"id":70233,"depth":69,"text":70234},{"id":70380,"depth":69,"text":70381,"children":71355},[71356,71357,71358],{"id":70384,"depth":91,"text":70385},{"id":70522,"depth":91,"text":70523},{"id":70705,"depth":91,"text":70706},{"id":70902,"depth":69,"text":70903,"children":71360},[71361,71363],{"id":70909,"depth":91,"text":71362},"Use pop() when:",{"id":70925,"depth":91,"text":71364},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":71367},[71368,71369,71370,71371],{"id":71273,"depth":91,"text":71274},{"id":71283,"depth":91,"text":71284},{"id":71297,"depth":91,"text":71298},{"id":71308,"depth":91,"text":71309},{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69390,"description":71373},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71380,"title":71381,"body":71382,"description":73168,"extension":1611,"meta":73169,"navigation":184,"path":73170,"seo":73171,"stem":73172,"__hash__":73173},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71383,"toc":73150},[71384,71387,71392,71398,71400,71470,71476,71480,71485,71506,71509,71576,71578,71599,71607,71609,71628,71644,71646,71711,71713,71738,71740,71742,71807,71809,71834,71836,71850,71853,71906,71908,71929,71933,71941,72014,72016,72049,72055,72061,72152,72154,72179,72185,72274,72276,72300,72302,72306,72361,72363,72395,72398,72401,72495,72497,72530,72536,72542,72546,72553,72579,72583,72648,72650,72675,72679,72760,72762,72791,72796,72801,72807,72811,72818,72840,72844,72903,72905,72929,72938,72943,72945,72949,72978,72980,73055,73058,73072,73078,73080,73084,73087,73091,73096,73100,73109,73113,73121,73123,73147],[10,71385,71381],{"id":71386},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71388,1628,71389,71391],{},[15,71390,54736],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71393,71394,71395,71397],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[830,71396,2126],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[30,71399,1653],{"id":1652},[35,71401,71403],{"className":37,"code":71402,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71404,71405,71437,71455,71465],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71406,71407,71409,71411,71413,71415,71417,71419,71421,71423,71425,71427,71429,71431,71433,71435],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71408,7441],{"class":50},[44,71410,55],{"class":54},[44,71412,3281],{"class":80},[44,71414,362],{"class":58},[44,71416,3741],{"class":62},[44,71418,362],{"class":58},[44,71420,2646],{"class":80},[44,71422,59],{"class":58},[44,71424,3750],{"class":62},[44,71426,362],{"class":58},[44,71428,2646],{"class":80},[44,71430,59],{"class":58},[44,71432,32887],{"class":62},[44,71434,362],{"class":58},[44,71436,3294],{"class":80},[44,71438,71439,71441,71443,71445,71447,71449,71451,71453],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,71440,7472],{"class":50},[44,71442,81],{"class":80},[44,71444,34457],{"class":84},[44,71446,98],{"class":80},[44,71448,362],{"class":58},[44,71450,3750],{"class":62},[44,71452,362],{"class":58},[44,71454,104],{"class":80},[44,71456,71457,71459,71461,71463],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,71458,95],{"class":94},[44,71460,98],{"class":80},[44,71462,7472],{"class":84},[44,71464,104],{"class":80},[44,71466,71467],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,71468,71469],{"class":3324},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71471,119,71472,71475],{},[15,71473,71474],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[30,71477,71479],{"id":71478},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71481,71482,71484],{},[15,71483,55190],{}," is a list method that:",[139,71486,71487,71493,71498,71503],{},[142,71488,71489,71490,71492],{},"Deletes the ",[830,71491,29576],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[142,71494,71495,71496],{},"Changes the original list ",[830,71497,10994],{},[142,71499,1482,71500,71502],{},[830,71501,832],{}," return a new list",[142,71504,71505],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71507,71508],{},"This is important for beginners:",[35,71510,71512],{"className":37,"code":71511,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71513,71514,71534,71552,71556,71566],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71515,71516,71518,71520,71522,71524,71526,71528,71530,71532],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71517,3276],{"class":50},[44,71519,55],{"class":54},[44,71521,3281],{"class":80},[44,71523,2643],{"class":1675},[44,71525,2646],{"class":80},[44,71527,2649],{"class":1675},[44,71529,2646],{"class":80},[44,71531,2104],{"class":1675},[44,71533,3294],{"class":80},[44,71535,71536,71538,71540,71542,71544,71546,71548,71550],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,71537,1880],{"class":50},[44,71539,55],{"class":54},[44,71541,3926],{"class":50},[44,71543,81],{"class":80},[44,71545,34457],{"class":84},[44,71547,98],{"class":80},[44,71549,1708],{"class":1675},[44,71551,104],{"class":80},[44,71553,71554],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,71555,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,71557,71558,71560,71562,71564],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,71559,95],{"class":94},[44,71561,98],{"class":80},[44,71563,3308],{"class":84},[44,71565,104],{"class":80},[44,71567,71568,71570,71572,71574],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,71569,95],{"class":94},[44,71571,98],{"class":80},[44,71573,1915],{"class":84},[44,71575,104],{"class":80},[20,71577,107],{},[35,71579,71581],{"className":37,"code":71580,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71582,71583,71595],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71584,71585,71587,71589,71591,71593],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71586,3561],{"class":80},[44,71588,2643],{"class":1675},[44,71590,2646],{"class":80},[44,71592,2104],{"class":1675},[44,71594,3294],{"class":80},[44,71596,71597],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,71598,11470],{"class":3513},[20,71600,71601,71602,71604,71605,81],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,71603,55190],{}," itself returned ",[15,71606,3439],{},[30,71608,5095],{"id":5094},[35,71610,71612],{"className":37,"code":71611,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,71613,71614],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71615,71616,71618,71620,71622,71624,71626],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71617,7754],{"class":1461},[44,71619,81],{"class":80},[44,71621,34457],{"class":84},[44,71623,98],{"class":80},[44,71625,2126],{"class":84},[44,71627,104],{"class":80},[139,71629,71630,71635,71638],{},[142,71631,71632,71634],{},[15,71633,2126],{}," is the item you want to delete",[142,71636,71637],{},"Python searches from left to right",[142,71639,71640,71641,71643],{},"Only the ",[830,71642,29576],{}," matching value is removed",[20,71645,161],{},[35,71647,71649],{"className":37,"code":71648,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,71650,71651,71683,71701],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71652,71653,71655,71657,71659,71661,71663,71665,71667,71669,71671,71673,71675,71677,71679,71681],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71654,35755],{"class":50},[44,71656,55],{"class":54},[44,71658,3281],{"class":80},[44,71660,362],{"class":58},[44,71662,243],{"class":62},[44,71664,362],{"class":58},[44,71666,2646],{"class":80},[44,71668,59],{"class":58},[44,71670,842],{"class":62},[44,71672,362],{"class":58},[44,71674,2646],{"class":80},[44,71676,59],{"class":58},[44,71678,846],{"class":62},[44,71680,362],{"class":58},[44,71682,3294],{"class":80},[44,71684,71685,71687,71689,71691,71693,71695,71697,71699],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,71686,35808],{"class":50},[44,71688,81],{"class":80},[44,71690,34457],{"class":84},[44,71692,98],{"class":80},[44,71694,362],{"class":58},[44,71696,842],{"class":62},[44,71698,362],{"class":58},[44,71700,104],{"class":80},[44,71702,71703,71705,71707,71709],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,71704,95],{"class":94},[44,71706,98],{"class":80},[44,71708,35808],{"class":84},[44,71710,104],{"class":80},[20,71712,107],{},[35,71714,71716],{"className":37,"code":71715,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,71717,71718],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71719,71720,71722,71724,71726,71728,71730,71732,71734,71736],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71721,3561],{"class":80},[44,71723,655],{"class":58},[44,71725,243],{"class":62},[44,71727,655],{"class":58},[44,71729,2646],{"class":80},[44,71731,2955],{"class":58},[44,71733,846],{"class":62},[44,71735,655],{"class":58},[44,71737,3294],{"class":80},[30,71739,5452],{"id":5451},[20,71741,64837],{},[35,71743,71745],{"className":37,"code":71744,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,71746,71747,71779,71797],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71748,71749,71751,71753,71755,71757,71759,71761,71763,71765,71767,71769,71771,71773,71775,71777],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71750,12738],{"class":50},[44,71752,55],{"class":54},[44,71754,3281],{"class":80},[44,71756,362],{"class":58},[44,71758,12755],{"class":62},[44,71760,362],{"class":58},[44,71762,2646],{"class":80},[44,71764,59],{"class":58},[44,71766,12772],{"class":62},[44,71768,362],{"class":58},[44,71770,2646],{"class":80},[44,71772,59],{"class":58},[44,71774,17121],{"class":62},[44,71776,362],{"class":58},[44,71778,3294],{"class":80},[44,71780,71781,71783,71785,71787,71789,71791,71793,71795],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,71782,17168],{"class":50},[44,71784,81],{"class":80},[44,71786,34457],{"class":84},[44,71788,98],{"class":80},[44,71790,362],{"class":58},[44,71792,12772],{"class":62},[44,71794,362],{"class":58},[44,71796,104],{"class":80},[44,71798,71799,71801,71803,71805],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,71800,95],{"class":94},[44,71802,98],{"class":80},[44,71804,17168],{"class":84},[44,71806,104],{"class":80},[20,71808,107],{},[35,71810,71812],{"className":37,"code":71811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,71813,71814],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71815,71816,71818,71820,71822,71824,71826,71828,71830,71832],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71817,3561],{"class":80},[44,71819,655],{"class":58},[44,71821,12755],{"class":62},[44,71823,655],{"class":58},[44,71825,2646],{"class":80},[44,71827,2955],{"class":58},[44,71829,17121],{"class":62},[44,71831,655],{"class":58},[44,71833,3294],{"class":80},[20,71835,11345],{},[139,71837,71838,71841,71847],{},[142,71839,71840],{},"A list is created with three values",[142,71842,71843,71846],{},[15,71844,71845],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[142,71848,71849],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,71851,71852],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[35,71854,71856],{"className":37,"code":71855,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,71857,71858,71882,71896],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71859,71860,71862,71864,71866,71868,71870,71872,71874,71876,71878,71880],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71861,4726],{"class":50},[44,71863,55],{"class":54},[44,71865,3281],{"class":80},[44,71867,1982],{"class":1675},[44,71869,2646],{"class":80},[44,71871,7452],{"class":1675},[44,71873,2646],{"class":80},[44,71875,7457],{"class":1675},[44,71877,2646],{"class":80},[44,71879,50506],{"class":1675},[44,71881,3294],{"class":80},[44,71883,71884,71886,71888,71890,71892,71894],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,71885,16053],{"class":50},[44,71887,81],{"class":80},[44,71889,34457],{"class":84},[44,71891,98],{"class":80},[44,71893,36506],{"class":1675},[44,71895,104],{"class":80},[44,71897,71898,71900,71902,71904],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,71899,95],{"class":94},[44,71901,98],{"class":80},[44,71903,16053],{"class":84},[44,71905,104],{"class":80},[20,71907,107],{},[35,71909,71911],{"className":37,"code":71910,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,71912,71913],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71914,71915,71917,71919,71921,71923,71925,71927],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71916,3561],{"class":80},[44,71918,1982],{"class":1675},[44,71920,2646],{"class":80},[44,71922,7452],{"class":1675},[44,71924,2646],{"class":80},[44,71926,50506],{"class":1675},[44,71928,3294],{"class":80},[30,71930,71932],{"id":71931},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,71934,64827,71935,71937,71938,71940],{},[15,71936,55190],{}," deletes only the ",[830,71939,29576],{}," one.",[35,71942,71944],{"className":37,"code":71943,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,71945,71946,71986,72004],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71947,71948,71950,71952,71954,71956,71958,71960,71962,71964,71966,71968,71970,71972,71974,71976,71978,71980,71982,71984],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71949,7441],{"class":50},[44,71951,55],{"class":54},[44,71953,3281],{"class":80},[44,71955,362],{"class":58},[44,71957,3741],{"class":62},[44,71959,362],{"class":58},[44,71961,2646],{"class":80},[44,71963,59],{"class":58},[44,71965,3750],{"class":62},[44,71967,362],{"class":58},[44,71969,2646],{"class":80},[44,71971,59],{"class":58},[44,71973,3741],{"class":62},[44,71975,362],{"class":58},[44,71977,2646],{"class":80},[44,71979,59],{"class":58},[44,71981,32887],{"class":62},[44,71983,362],{"class":58},[44,71985,3294],{"class":80},[44,71987,71988,71990,71992,71994,71996,71998,72000,72002],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,71989,7472],{"class":50},[44,71991,81],{"class":80},[44,71993,34457],{"class":84},[44,71995,98],{"class":80},[44,71997,362],{"class":58},[44,71999,3741],{"class":62},[44,72001,362],{"class":58},[44,72003,104],{"class":80},[44,72005,72006,72008,72010,72012],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,72007,95],{"class":94},[44,72009,98],{"class":80},[44,72011,7472],{"class":84},[44,72013,104],{"class":80},[20,72015,107],{},[35,72017,72019],{"className":37,"code":72018,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72020,72021],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72022,72023,72025,72027,72029,72031,72033,72035,72037,72039,72041,72043,72045,72047],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72024,3561],{"class":80},[44,72026,655],{"class":58},[44,72028,3750],{"class":62},[44,72030,655],{"class":58},[44,72032,2646],{"class":80},[44,72034,2955],{"class":58},[44,72036,3741],{"class":62},[44,72038,655],{"class":58},[44,72040,2646],{"class":80},[44,72042,2955],{"class":58},[44,72044,32887],{"class":62},[44,72046,655],{"class":58},[44,72048,3294],{"class":80},[20,72050,72051,72052,72054],{},"Only the first ",[15,72053,57495],{}," was removed.",[20,72056,72057,72058,72060],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72059,55190],{}," again:",[35,72062,72064],{"className":37,"code":72063,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72065,72066,72106,72124,72142],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72067,72068,72070,72072,72074,72076,72078,72080,72082,72084,72086,72088,72090,72092,72094,72096,72098,72100,72102,72104],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72069,7441],{"class":50},[44,72071,55],{"class":54},[44,72073,3281],{"class":80},[44,72075,362],{"class":58},[44,72077,3741],{"class":62},[44,72079,362],{"class":58},[44,72081,2646],{"class":80},[44,72083,59],{"class":58},[44,72085,3750],{"class":62},[44,72087,362],{"class":58},[44,72089,2646],{"class":80},[44,72091,59],{"class":58},[44,72093,3741],{"class":62},[44,72095,362],{"class":58},[44,72097,2646],{"class":80},[44,72099,59],{"class":58},[44,72101,32887],{"class":62},[44,72103,362],{"class":58},[44,72105,3294],{"class":80},[44,72107,72108,72110,72112,72114,72116,72118,72120,72122],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,72109,7472],{"class":50},[44,72111,81],{"class":80},[44,72113,34457],{"class":84},[44,72115,98],{"class":80},[44,72117,362],{"class":58},[44,72119,3741],{"class":62},[44,72121,362],{"class":58},[44,72123,104],{"class":80},[44,72125,72126,72128,72130,72132,72134,72136,72138,72140],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,72127,7472],{"class":50},[44,72129,81],{"class":80},[44,72131,34457],{"class":84},[44,72133,98],{"class":80},[44,72135,362],{"class":58},[44,72137,3741],{"class":62},[44,72139,362],{"class":58},[44,72141,104],{"class":80},[44,72143,72144,72146,72148,72150],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,72145,95],{"class":94},[44,72147,98],{"class":80},[44,72149,7472],{"class":84},[44,72151,104],{"class":80},[20,72153,107],{},[35,72155,72157],{"className":37,"code":72156,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72158,72159],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72160,72161,72163,72165,72167,72169,72171,72173,72175,72177],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72162,3561],{"class":80},[44,72164,655],{"class":58},[44,72166,3750],{"class":62},[44,72168,655],{"class":58},[44,72170,2646],{"class":80},[44,72172,2955],{"class":58},[44,72174,32887],{"class":62},[44,72176,655],{"class":58},[44,72178,3294],{"class":80},[20,72180,72181,72182,72184],{},"If you need to remove ",[830,72183,3376],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[35,72186,72188],{"className":37,"code":72187,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72189,72190,72230,72264],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72191,72192,72194,72196,72198,72200,72202,72204,72206,72208,72210,72212,72214,72216,72218,72220,72222,72224,72226,72228],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72193,7441],{"class":50},[44,72195,55],{"class":54},[44,72197,3281],{"class":80},[44,72199,362],{"class":58},[44,72201,3741],{"class":62},[44,72203,362],{"class":58},[44,72205,2646],{"class":80},[44,72207,59],{"class":58},[44,72209,3750],{"class":62},[44,72211,362],{"class":58},[44,72213,2646],{"class":80},[44,72215,59],{"class":58},[44,72217,3741],{"class":62},[44,72219,362],{"class":58},[44,72221,2646],{"class":80},[44,72223,59],{"class":58},[44,72225,32887],{"class":62},[44,72227,362],{"class":58},[44,72229,3294],{"class":80},[44,72231,72232,72234,72236,72238,72240,72242,72244,72246,72249,72251,72253,72256,72258,72260,72262],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,72233,7441],{"class":50},[44,72235,55],{"class":54},[44,72237,3281],{"class":80},[44,72239,28206],{"class":50},[44,72241,5623],{"class":524},[44,72243,5626],{"class":50},[44,72245,3544],{"class":524},[44,72247,72248],{"class":50}," items ",[44,72250,525],{"class":524},[44,72252,5626],{"class":50},[44,72254,72255],{"class":54},"!=",[44,72257,59],{"class":58},[44,72259,3741],{"class":62},[44,72261,362],{"class":58},[44,72263,3294],{"class":80},[44,72265,72266,72268,72270,72272],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,72267,95],{"class":94},[44,72269,98],{"class":80},[44,72271,7472],{"class":84},[44,72273,104],{"class":80},[20,72275,107],{},[35,72277,72278],{"className":37,"code":72156,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,72279,72280],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72281,72282,72284,72286,72288,72290,72292,72294,72296,72298],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72283,3561],{"class":80},[44,72285,655],{"class":58},[44,72287,3750],{"class":62},[44,72289,655],{"class":58},[44,72291,2646],{"class":80},[44,72293,2955],{"class":58},[44,72295,32887],{"class":62},[44,72297,655],{"class":58},[44,72299,3294],{"class":80},[30,72301,65293],{"id":65292},[20,72303,65296,72304,81],{},[15,72305,40371],{},[35,72307,72309],{"className":37,"code":72308,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72310,72311,72343],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72312,72313,72315,72317,72319,72321,72323,72325,72327,72329,72331,72333,72335,72337,72339,72341],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72314,7441],{"class":50},[44,72316,55],{"class":54},[44,72318,3281],{"class":80},[44,72320,362],{"class":58},[44,72322,3741],{"class":62},[44,72324,362],{"class":58},[44,72326,2646],{"class":80},[44,72328,59],{"class":58},[44,72330,3750],{"class":62},[44,72332,362],{"class":58},[44,72334,2646],{"class":80},[44,72336,59],{"class":58},[44,72338,32887],{"class":62},[44,72340,362],{"class":58},[44,72342,3294],{"class":80},[44,72344,72345,72347,72349,72351,72353,72355,72357,72359],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,72346,7472],{"class":50},[44,72348,81],{"class":80},[44,72350,34457],{"class":84},[44,72352,98],{"class":80},[44,72354,362],{"class":58},[44,72356,22200],{"class":62},[44,72358,362],{"class":58},[44,72360,104],{"class":80},[20,72362,107],{},[35,72364,72366],{"className":37,"code":72365,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72367,72368],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72369,72370,72372,72374,72376,72378,72380,72382,72384,72386,72388,72390,72392],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72371,40371],{"class":1461},[44,72373,2539],{"class":80},[44,72375,22227],{"class":1461},[44,72377,81],{"class":80},[44,72379,34457],{"class":84},[44,72381,98],{"class":80},[44,72383,1110],{"class":84},[44,72385,16116],{"class":80},[44,72387,3541],{"class":50},[44,72389,832],{"class":54},[44,72391,20841],{"class":54},[44,72393,72394],{"class":1461}," list\n",[20,72396,72397],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72399,72400],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[35,72402,72404],{"className":37,"code":72403,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72405,72406,72438,72450,72454,72466,72481,72485],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72407,72408,72410,72412,72414,72416,72418,72420,72422,72424,72426,72428,72430,72432,72434,72436],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72409,7441],{"class":50},[44,72411,55],{"class":54},[44,72413,3281],{"class":80},[44,72415,362],{"class":58},[44,72417,3741],{"class":62},[44,72419,362],{"class":58},[44,72421,2646],{"class":80},[44,72423,59],{"class":58},[44,72425,3750],{"class":62},[44,72427,362],{"class":58},[44,72429,2646],{"class":80},[44,72431,59],{"class":58},[44,72433,32887],{"class":62},[44,72435,362],{"class":58},[44,72437,3294],{"class":80},[44,72439,72440,72442,72444,72446,72448],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,72441,2099],{"class":50},[44,72443,55],{"class":54},[44,72445,59],{"class":58},[44,72447,22200],{"class":62},[44,72449,66],{"class":58},[44,72451,72452],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,72453,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,72455,72456,72458,72460,72462,72464],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,72457,525],{"class":524},[44,72459,21252],{"class":50},[44,72461,3544],{"class":54},[44,72463,5631],{"class":50},[44,72465,548],{"class":80},[44,72467,72468,72471,72473,72475,72477,72479],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,72469,72470],{"class":50},"    items",[44,72472,81],{"class":80},[44,72474,34457],{"class":84},[44,72476,98],{"class":80},[44,72478,2126],{"class":84},[44,72480,104],{"class":80},[44,72482,72483],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,72484,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,72486,72487,72489,72491,72493],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,72488,95],{"class":94},[44,72490,98],{"class":80},[44,72492,7472],{"class":84},[44,72494,104],{"class":80},[20,72496,107],{},[35,72498,72500],{"className":37,"code":72499,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72501,72502],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72503,72504,72506,72508,72510,72512,72514,72516,72518,72520,72522,72524,72526,72528],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72505,3561],{"class":80},[44,72507,655],{"class":58},[44,72509,3741],{"class":62},[44,72511,655],{"class":58},[44,72513,2646],{"class":80},[44,72515,2955],{"class":58},[44,72517,3750],{"class":62},[44,72519,655],{"class":58},[44,72521,2646],{"class":80},[44,72523,2955],{"class":58},[44,72525,32887],{"class":62},[44,72527,655],{"class":58},[44,72529,3294],{"class":80},[20,72531,72532,72533,72535],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72534,55190],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72537,72538,72539,81],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[243,72540,65502],{"href":72541},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[30,72543,72545],{"id":72544},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72547,72548,4057,72550,72552],{},[15,72549,55190],{},[15,72551,12425],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[139,72554,72555,72562,72568,72574],{},[142,72556,72557,72559,72560],{},[15,72558,55190],{}," deletes by ",[830,72561,2126],{},[142,72563,72564,72559,72566],{},[15,72565,12425],{},[830,72567,35510],{},[142,72569,72570,2049,72572],{},[15,72571,55190],{},[15,72573,3439],{},[142,72575,72576,72578],{},[15,72577,12425],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72580,45703,72581,2539],{},[15,72582,55190],{},[35,72584,72586],{"className":37,"code":72585,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72587,72588,72620,72638],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72589,72590,72592,72594,72596,72598,72600,72602,72604,72606,72608,72610,72612,72614,72616,72618],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72591,7441],{"class":50},[44,72593,55],{"class":54},[44,72595,3281],{"class":80},[44,72597,362],{"class":58},[44,72599,3741],{"class":62},[44,72601,362],{"class":58},[44,72603,2646],{"class":80},[44,72605,59],{"class":58},[44,72607,3750],{"class":62},[44,72609,362],{"class":58},[44,72611,2646],{"class":80},[44,72613,59],{"class":58},[44,72615,32887],{"class":62},[44,72617,362],{"class":58},[44,72619,3294],{"class":80},[44,72621,72622,72624,72626,72628,72630,72632,72634,72636],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,72623,7472],{"class":50},[44,72625,81],{"class":80},[44,72627,34457],{"class":84},[44,72629,98],{"class":80},[44,72631,362],{"class":58},[44,72633,3750],{"class":62},[44,72635,362],{"class":58},[44,72637,104],{"class":80},[44,72639,72640,72642,72644,72646],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,72641,95],{"class":94},[44,72643,98],{"class":80},[44,72645,7472],{"class":84},[44,72647,104],{"class":80},[20,72649,107],{},[35,72651,72653],{"className":37,"code":72652,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72654,72655],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72656,72657,72659,72661,72663,72665,72667,72669,72671,72673],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72658,3561],{"class":80},[44,72660,655],{"class":58},[44,72662,3741],{"class":62},[44,72664,655],{"class":58},[44,72666,2646],{"class":80},[44,72668,2955],{"class":58},[44,72670,32887],{"class":62},[44,72672,655],{"class":58},[44,72674,3294],{"class":80},[20,72676,45703,72677,2539],{},[15,72678,12425],{},[35,72680,72682],{"className":37,"code":72681,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,72683,72684,72716,72735,72739,72749],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72685,72686,72688,72690,72692,72694,72696,72698,72700,72702,72704,72706,72708,72710,72712,72714],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72687,7441],{"class":50},[44,72689,55],{"class":54},[44,72691,3281],{"class":80},[44,72693,362],{"class":58},[44,72695,3741],{"class":62},[44,72697,362],{"class":58},[44,72699,2646],{"class":80},[44,72701,59],{"class":58},[44,72703,3750],{"class":62},[44,72705,362],{"class":58},[44,72707,2646],{"class":80},[44,72709,59],{"class":58},[44,72711,32887],{"class":62},[44,72713,362],{"class":58},[44,72715,3294],{"class":80},[44,72717,72718,72721,72723,72725,72727,72729,72731,72733],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,72719,72720],{"class":50},"removed_item ",[44,72722,55],{"class":54},[44,72724,5631],{"class":50},[44,72726,81],{"class":80},[44,72728,25909],{"class":84},[44,72730,98],{"class":80},[44,72732,2643],{"class":1675},[44,72734,104],{"class":80},[44,72736,72737],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,72738,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,72740,72741,72743,72745,72747],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,72742,95],{"class":94},[44,72744,98],{"class":80},[44,72746,7472],{"class":84},[44,72748,104],{"class":80},[44,72750,72751,72753,72755,72758],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,72752,95],{"class":94},[44,72754,98],{"class":80},[44,72756,72757],{"class":84},"removed_item",[44,72759,104],{"class":80},[20,72761,107],{},[35,72763,72765],{"className":37,"code":72764,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,72766,72767,72787],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72768,72769,72771,72773,72775,72777,72779,72781,72783,72785],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72770,3561],{"class":80},[44,72772,655],{"class":58},[44,72774,3741],{"class":62},[44,72776,655],{"class":58},[44,72778,2646],{"class":80},[44,72780,2955],{"class":58},[44,72782,32887],{"class":62},[44,72784,655],{"class":58},[44,72786,3294],{"class":80},[44,72788,72789],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,72790,70069],{"class":50},[20,72792,119,72793,72795],{},[15,72794,55190],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,72797,119,72798,72800],{},[15,72799,12425],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,72802,72803,72804,81],{},"For more detail, see the ",[243,72805,72806],{"href":54740},"Python list pop() method",[30,72808,72810],{"id":72809},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,72812,72813,4057,72815,72817],{},[15,72814,55190],{},[15,72816,26692],{}," are also different.",[139,72819,72820,72825,72830,72835],{},[142,72821,72822,72824],{},[15,72823,55190],{}," deletes by matching value",[142,72826,72827,72829],{},[15,72828,26692],{}," deletes by index or slice",[142,72831,119,72832,72834],{},[15,72833,26692],{}," when you know the position",[142,72836,119,72837,72839],{},[15,72838,55190],{}," when you know the item value",[20,72841,45703,72842,2539],{},[15,72843,26692],{},[35,72845,72847],{"className":37,"code":72846,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72848,72849,72881,72893],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72850,72851,72853,72855,72857,72859,72861,72863,72865,72867,72869,72871,72873,72875,72877,72879],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72852,7441],{"class":50},[44,72854,55],{"class":54},[44,72856,3281],{"class":80},[44,72858,362],{"class":58},[44,72860,3741],{"class":62},[44,72862,362],{"class":58},[44,72864,2646],{"class":80},[44,72866,59],{"class":58},[44,72868,3750],{"class":62},[44,72870,362],{"class":58},[44,72872,2646],{"class":80},[44,72874,59],{"class":58},[44,72876,32887],{"class":62},[44,72878,362],{"class":58},[44,72880,3294],{"class":80},[44,72882,72883,72885,72887,72889,72891],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,72884,26692],{"class":524},[44,72886,5631],{"class":50},[44,72888,3561],{"class":80},[44,72890,2643],{"class":1675},[44,72892,3294],{"class":80},[44,72894,72895,72897,72899,72901],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,72896,95],{"class":94},[44,72898,98],{"class":80},[44,72900,7472],{"class":84},[44,72902,104],{"class":80},[20,72904,107],{},[35,72906,72907],{"className":37,"code":72652,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,72908,72909],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72910,72911,72913,72915,72917,72919,72921,72923,72925,72927],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72912,3561],{"class":80},[44,72914,655],{"class":58},[44,72916,3741],{"class":62},[44,72918,655],{"class":58},[44,72920,2646],{"class":80},[44,72922,2955],{"class":58},[44,72924,32887],{"class":62},[44,72926,655],{"class":58},[44,72928,3294],{"class":80},[20,72930,72931,72932,72934,72935,72937],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,72933,2643],{},", not the value ",[15,72936,64937],{}," directly.",[20,72939,72940,72941,81],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[243,72942,54729],{"href":54728},[30,72944,1238],{"id":1237},[20,72946,20879,72947,2539],{},[15,72948,55190],{},[139,72950,72951,72954,72959,72966,72975],{},[142,72952,72953],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[142,72955,1246,72956,72958],{},[15,72957,55190],{}," to delete all matching values",[142,72960,12257,72961,72963,72964],{},[15,72962,55190],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,72965,3439],{},[142,72967,675,72968,44292,72970,2532,72972,72974],{},[15,72969,55190],{},[15,72971,12425],{},[15,72973,26692],{}," would be a better fit",[142,72976,72977],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,72979,71169],{},[35,72981,72983],{"className":37,"code":72982,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,72984,72985,72995,73009,73027,73041],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72986,72987,72989,72991,72993],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72988,95],{"class":94},[44,72990,98],{"class":80},[44,72992,8000],{"class":84},[44,72994,104],{"class":80},[44,72996,72997,72999,73001,73003,73005,73007],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,72998,95],{"class":94},[44,73000,98],{"class":80},[44,73002,2099],{"class":84},[44,73004,3544],{"class":524},[44,73006,8057],{"class":84},[44,73008,104],{"class":80},[44,73010,73011,73013,73015,73017,73019,73021,73023,73025],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,73012,95],{"class":94},[44,73014,98],{"class":80},[44,73016,8000],{"class":84},[44,73018,81],{"class":80},[44,73020,40927],{"class":84},[44,73022,98],{"class":80},[44,73024,2126],{"class":84},[44,73026,370],{"class":80},[44,73028,73029,73031,73033,73035,73037,73039],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,73030,95],{"class":94},[44,73032,98],{"class":80},[44,73034,2880],{"class":1461},[44,73036,98],{"class":80},[44,73038,8000],{"class":84},[44,73040,370],{"class":80},[44,73042,73043,73045,73047,73049,73051,73053],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,73044,1456],{"class":94},[44,73046,98],{"class":80},[44,73048,7754],{"class":1461},[44,73050,81],{"class":80},[44,73052,34457],{"class":1467},[44,73054,104],{"class":80},[20,73056,73057],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[139,73059,73060,73063,73066,73069],{},[142,73061,73062],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[142,73064,73065],{},"How many times does it appear?",[142,73067,73068],{},"Am I working with a list?",[142,73070,73071],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73073,73074,73075,73077],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[243,73076,71333],{"href":58627}," may also help.",[30,73079,1478],{"id":1477},[267,73081,73083],{"id":73082},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73085,73086],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[267,73088,73090],{"id":73089},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73092,4810,73093,73095],{},[15,73094,3439],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[267,73097,73099],{"id":73098},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73101,73102,73103,73106,73107,81],{},"Check with ",[15,73104,73105],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73108,55190],{},[267,73110,73112],{"id":73111},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73114,119,73115,73117,73118,73120],{},[15,73116,55190],{}," for a value and ",[15,73119,12425],{}," for an index.",[30,73122,1545],{"id":1544},[139,73124,73125,73129,73133,73137,73141],{},[142,73126,73127],{},[243,73128,55176],{"href":54728},[142,73130,73131],{},[243,73132,72806],{"href":54740},[142,73134,73135],{},[243,73136,71333],{"href":58627},[142,73138,73139],{},[243,73140,65502],{"href":72541},[142,73142,73143],{},[243,73144,73146],{"href":73145},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1577,73148,73149],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":73151},[73152,73153,73154,73155,73156,73157,73158,73159,73160,73161,73167],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":71478,"depth":69,"text":71479},{"id":5094,"depth":69,"text":5095},{"id":5451,"depth":69,"text":5452},{"id":71931,"depth":69,"text":71932},{"id":65292,"depth":69,"text":65293},{"id":72544,"depth":69,"text":72545},{"id":72809,"depth":69,"text":72810},{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":73162},[73163,73164,73165,73166],{"id":73082,"depth":91,"text":73083},{"id":73089,"depth":91,"text":73090},{"id":73098,"depth":91,"text":73099},{"id":73111,"depth":91,"text":73112},{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71381,"description":73168},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73175,"title":73176,"body":73177,"description":75068,"extension":1611,"meta":75069,"navigation":184,"path":75070,"seo":75071,"stem":75072,"__hash__":75073},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73178,"toc":75038},[73179,73185,73191,73194,73205,73207,73256,73261,73266,73270,73285,73287,73352,73354,73395,73397,73399,73414,73416,73427,73429,73486,73488,73521,73523,73526,73575,73577,73602,73604,73620,73626,73633,73694,73696,73729,73734,73737,73817,73819,73880,73886,73890,73893,73957,73959,73984,73986,74006,74008,74057,74059,74080,74089,74092,74096,74101,74146,74148,74169,74175,74180,74188,74252,74254,74291,74297,74301,74308,74373,74375,74412,74416,74433,74443,74448,74453,74464,74471,74473,74479,74502,74505,74532,74537,74540,74641,74643,74698,74701,74808,74810,74881,74884,74910,74912,74917,74921,74929,74934,74939,74945,74950,74954,74957,74974,74977,74997,75005,75007,75035],[10,73180,54003,73182,18],{"id":73181},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73183,73184],{},"reverse()",[20,73186,73187,73190],{},[15,73188,73189],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73192,73193],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73195,73196,73197,73199,73200,73204],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73198,73184],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[243,73201,73203],{"href":73202},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[30,73206,33],{"id":32},[35,73208,73210],{"className":37,"code":73209,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73211,73212,73232,73243],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73213,73214,73216,73218,73220,73222,73224,73226,73228,73230],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73215,3276],{"class":50},[44,73217,55],{"class":54},[44,73219,3281],{"class":80},[44,73221,2643],{"class":1675},[44,73223,2646],{"class":80},[44,73225,2649],{"class":1675},[44,73227,2646],{"class":80},[44,73229,2104],{"class":1675},[44,73231,3294],{"class":80},[44,73233,73234,73236,73238,73241],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,73235,3308],{"class":50},[44,73237,81],{"class":80},[44,73239,73240],{"class":84},"reverse",[44,73242,88],{"class":80},[44,73244,73245,73247,73249,73251,73253],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,73246,95],{"class":94},[44,73248,98],{"class":80},[44,73250,3308],{"class":84},[44,73252,3321],{"class":80},[44,73254,73255],{"class":3324},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73257,73258,73260],{},[15,73259,73184],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[30,73262,126,73264,129],{"id":73263},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73265,73189],{},[20,73267,73268,2539],{},[15,73269,73189],{},[139,73271,73272,73275,73278,73282],{},[142,73273,73274],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[142,73276,73277],{},"Changes the original list directly",[142,73279,11084,73280],{},[15,73281,3439],{},[142,73283,73284],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73286,161],{},[35,73288,73290],{"className":37,"code":73289,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73291,73292,73332,73342],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73293,73294,73296,73298,73300,73302,73304,73306,73308,73310,73312,73314,73316,73318,73320,73322,73324,73326,73328,73330],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73295,35755],{"class":50},[44,73297,55],{"class":54},[44,73299,3281],{"class":80},[44,73301,362],{"class":58},[44,73303,243],{"class":62},[44,73305,362],{"class":58},[44,73307,2646],{"class":80},[44,73309,59],{"class":58},[44,73311,842],{"class":62},[44,73313,362],{"class":58},[44,73315,2646],{"class":80},[44,73317,59],{"class":58},[44,73319,846],{"class":62},[44,73321,362],{"class":58},[44,73323,2646],{"class":80},[44,73325,59],{"class":58},[44,73327,18434],{"class":62},[44,73329,362],{"class":58},[44,73331,3294],{"class":80},[44,73333,73334,73336,73338,73340],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,73335,35808],{"class":50},[44,73337,81],{"class":80},[44,73339,73240],{"class":84},[44,73341,88],{"class":80},[44,73343,73344,73346,73348,73350],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,73345,95],{"class":94},[44,73347,98],{"class":80},[44,73349,35808],{"class":84},[44,73351,104],{"class":80},[20,73353,107],{},[35,73355,73357],{"className":37,"code":73356,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73358,73359],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73360,73361,73363,73365,73367,73369,73371,73373,73375,73377,73379,73381,73383,73385,73387,73389,73391,73393],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73362,3561],{"class":80},[44,73364,655],{"class":58},[44,73366,18434],{"class":62},[44,73368,655],{"class":58},[44,73370,2646],{"class":80},[44,73372,2955],{"class":58},[44,73374,846],{"class":62},[44,73376,655],{"class":58},[44,73378,2646],{"class":80},[44,73380,2955],{"class":58},[44,73382,842],{"class":62},[44,73384,655],{"class":58},[44,73386,2646],{"class":80},[44,73388,2955],{"class":58},[44,73390,243],{"class":62},[44,73392,655],{"class":58},[44,73394,3294],{"class":80},[30,73396,250],{"id":249},[20,73398,1812],{},[35,73400,73402],{"className":37,"code":73401,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73403,73404],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73405,73406,73408,73410,73412],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73407,8000],{"class":50},[44,73409,81],{"class":80},[44,73411,73240],{"class":84},[44,73413,88],{"class":80},[20,73415,137],{},[139,73417,73418,73421,73424],{},[142,73419,73420],{},"No arguments are needed",[142,73422,73423],{},"You call it on an existing list",[142,73425,73426],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73428,161],{},[35,73430,73432],{"className":37,"code":73431,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73433,73434,73466,73476],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73435,73436,73438,73440,73442,73444,73446,73448,73450,73452,73454,73456,73458,73460,73462,73464],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73437,12738],{"class":50},[44,73439,55],{"class":54},[44,73441,3281],{"class":80},[44,73443,362],{"class":58},[44,73445,12755],{"class":62},[44,73447,362],{"class":58},[44,73449,2646],{"class":80},[44,73451,59],{"class":58},[44,73453,17121],{"class":62},[44,73455,362],{"class":58},[44,73457,2646],{"class":80},[44,73459,59],{"class":58},[44,73461,12772],{"class":62},[44,73463,362],{"class":58},[44,73465,3294],{"class":80},[44,73467,73468,73470,73472,73474],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,73469,17168],{"class":50},[44,73471,81],{"class":80},[44,73473,73240],{"class":84},[44,73475,88],{"class":80},[44,73477,73478,73480,73482,73484],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,73479,95],{"class":94},[44,73481,98],{"class":80},[44,73483,17168],{"class":84},[44,73485,104],{"class":80},[20,73487,107],{},[35,73489,73491],{"className":37,"code":73490,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73492,73493],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73494,73495,73497,73499,73501,73503,73505,73507,73509,73511,73513,73515,73517,73519],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73496,3561],{"class":80},[44,73498,655],{"class":58},[44,73500,12772],{"class":62},[44,73502,655],{"class":58},[44,73504,2646],{"class":80},[44,73506,2955],{"class":58},[44,73508,17121],{"class":62},[44,73510,655],{"class":58},[44,73512,2646],{"class":80},[44,73514,2955],{"class":58},[44,73516,12755],{"class":62},[44,73518,655],{"class":58},[44,73520,3294],{"class":80},[30,73522,11136],{"id":11135},[20,73524,73525],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[35,73527,73529],{"className":37,"code":73528,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73530,73531,73555,73565],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73532,73533,73535,73537,73539,73541,73543,73545,73547,73549,73551,73553],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73534,3276],{"class":50},[44,73536,55],{"class":54},[44,73538,3281],{"class":80},[44,73540,1982],{"class":1675},[44,73542,2646],{"class":80},[44,73544,7452],{"class":1675},[44,73546,2646],{"class":80},[44,73548,7457],{"class":1675},[44,73550,2646],{"class":80},[44,73552,50506],{"class":1675},[44,73554,3294],{"class":80},[44,73556,73557,73559,73561,73563],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,73558,3308],{"class":50},[44,73560,81],{"class":80},[44,73562,73240],{"class":84},[44,73564,88],{"class":80},[44,73566,73567,73569,73571,73573],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,73568,95],{"class":94},[44,73570,98],{"class":80},[44,73572,3308],{"class":84},[44,73574,104],{"class":80},[20,73576,107],{},[35,73578,73580],{"className":37,"code":73579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73581,73582],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73583,73584,73586,73588,73590,73592,73594,73596,73598,73600],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73585,3561],{"class":80},[44,73587,56354],{"class":1675},[44,73589,2646],{"class":80},[44,73591,7457],{"class":1675},[44,73593,2646],{"class":80},[44,73595,7452],{"class":1675},[44,73597,2646],{"class":80},[44,73599,5670],{"class":1675},[44,73601,3294],{"class":80},[20,73603,11345],{},[139,73605,73606,73612,73617],{},[142,73607,73608,73609],{},"The list starts as ",[15,73610,73611],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[142,73613,73614,73616],{},[15,73615,73184],{}," flips the order",[142,73618,73619],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[30,73621,73623,73625],{"id":73622},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,73624,73184],{}," changes the original list",[20,73627,73628,73629,73632],{},"This method is ",[830,73630,73631],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[35,73634,73636],{"className":37,"code":73635,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,73637,73638,73670,73680,73684],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73639,73640,73642,73644,73646,73648,73650,73652,73654,73656,73658,73660,73662,73664,73666,73668],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73641,35904],{"class":50},[44,73643,55],{"class":54},[44,73645,3281],{"class":80},[44,73647,362],{"class":58},[44,73649,3741],{"class":62},[44,73651,362],{"class":58},[44,73653,2646],{"class":80},[44,73655,59],{"class":58},[44,73657,3750],{"class":62},[44,73659,362],{"class":58},[44,73661,2646],{"class":80},[44,73663,59],{"class":58},[44,73665,3759],{"class":62},[44,73667,362],{"class":58},[44,73669,3294],{"class":80},[44,73671,73672,73674,73676,73678],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,73673,35956],{"class":50},[44,73675,81],{"class":80},[44,73677,73240],{"class":84},[44,73679,88],{"class":80},[44,73681,73682],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,73683,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,73685,73686,73688,73690,73692],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,73687,95],{"class":94},[44,73689,98],{"class":80},[44,73691,35956],{"class":84},[44,73693,104],{"class":80},[20,73695,107],{},[35,73697,73699],{"className":37,"code":73698,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73700,73701],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73702,73703,73705,73707,73709,73711,73713,73715,73717,73719,73721,73723,73725,73727],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73704,3561],{"class":80},[44,73706,655],{"class":58},[44,73708,3759],{"class":62},[44,73710,655],{"class":58},[44,73712,2646],{"class":80},[44,73714,2955],{"class":58},[44,73716,3750],{"class":62},[44,73718,655],{"class":58},[44,73720,2646],{"class":80},[44,73722,2955],{"class":58},[44,73724,3741],{"class":62},[44,73726,655],{"class":58},[44,73728,3294],{"class":80},[20,73730,119,73731,73733],{},[15,73732,73184],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,73735,73736],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[35,73738,73740],{"className":37,"code":73739,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,73741,73742,73774,73792,73796,73806],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73743,73744,73746,73748,73750,73752,73754,73756,73758,73760,73762,73764,73766,73768,73770,73772],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73745,35904],{"class":50},[44,73747,55],{"class":54},[44,73749,3281],{"class":80},[44,73751,362],{"class":58},[44,73753,3741],{"class":62},[44,73755,362],{"class":58},[44,73757,2646],{"class":80},[44,73759,59],{"class":58},[44,73761,3750],{"class":62},[44,73763,362],{"class":58},[44,73765,2646],{"class":80},[44,73767,59],{"class":58},[44,73769,3759],{"class":62},[44,73771,362],{"class":58},[44,73773,3294],{"class":80},[44,73775,73776,73779,73781,73783,73786,73788,73790],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,73777,73778],{"class":50},"reversed_fruits ",[44,73780,55],{"class":54},[44,73782,52513],{"class":50},[44,73784,73785],{"class":80},"[::",[44,73787,1672],{"class":54},[44,73789,2643],{"class":1675},[44,73791,3294],{"class":80},[44,73793,73794],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,73795,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,73797,73798,73800,73802,73804],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,73799,95],{"class":94},[44,73801,98],{"class":80},[44,73803,35956],{"class":84},[44,73805,104],{"class":80},[44,73807,73808,73810,73812,73815],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,73809,95],{"class":94},[44,73811,98],{"class":80},[44,73813,73814],{"class":84},"reversed_fruits",[44,73816,104],{"class":80},[20,73818,107],{},[35,73820,73822],{"className":37,"code":73821,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73823,73824,73852],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73825,73826,73828,73830,73832,73834,73836,73838,73840,73842,73844,73846,73848,73850],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73827,3561],{"class":80},[44,73829,655],{"class":58},[44,73831,3741],{"class":62},[44,73833,655],{"class":58},[44,73835,2646],{"class":80},[44,73837,2955],{"class":58},[44,73839,3750],{"class":62},[44,73841,655],{"class":58},[44,73843,2646],{"class":80},[44,73845,2955],{"class":58},[44,73847,3759],{"class":62},[44,73849,655],{"class":58},[44,73851,3294],{"class":80},[44,73853,73854,73856,73858,73860,73862,73864,73866,73868,73870,73872,73874,73876,73878],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,73855,3561],{"class":80},[44,73857,655],{"class":58},[44,73859,3759],{"class":62},[44,73861,655],{"class":58},[44,73863,2646],{"class":80},[44,73865,2955],{"class":58},[44,73867,3750],{"class":62},[44,73869,655],{"class":58},[44,73871,2646],{"class":80},[44,73873,2955],{"class":58},[44,73875,3741],{"class":62},[44,73877,655],{"class":58},[44,73879,3294],{"class":80},[20,73881,73882,73883,81],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[243,73884,73885],{"href":73202},"Python list slicing explained",[30,73887,73889],{"id":73888},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,73891,73892],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[35,73894,73896],{"className":37,"code":73895,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73897,73898,73918,73932,73936,73947],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73899,73900,73902,73904,73906,73908,73910,73912,73914,73916],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73901,3276],{"class":50},[44,73903,55],{"class":54},[44,73905,3281],{"class":80},[44,73907,2643],{"class":1675},[44,73909,2646],{"class":80},[44,73911,2649],{"class":1675},[44,73913,2646],{"class":80},[44,73915,2104],{"class":1675},[44,73917,3294],{"class":80},[44,73919,73920,73922,73924,73926,73928,73930],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,73921,55551],{"class":50},[44,73923,55],{"class":54},[44,73925,3926],{"class":50},[44,73927,81],{"class":80},[44,73929,73240],{"class":84},[44,73931,88],{"class":80},[44,73933,73934],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,73935,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,73937,73938,73940,73942,73945],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,73939,95],{"class":94},[44,73941,98],{"class":80},[44,73943,73944],{"class":84},"new_list",[44,73946,104],{"class":80},[44,73948,73949,73951,73953,73955],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,73950,95],{"class":94},[44,73952,98],{"class":80},[44,73954,3308],{"class":84},[44,73956,104],{"class":80},[20,73958,107],{},[35,73960,73962],{"className":37,"code":73961,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73963,73964,73968],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73965,73966],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73967,11470],{"class":3513},[44,73969,73970,73972,73974,73976,73978,73980,73982],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,73971,3561],{"class":80},[44,73973,1714],{"class":1675},[44,73975,2646],{"class":80},[44,73977,2649],{"class":1675},[44,73979,2646],{"class":80},[44,73981,5162],{"class":1675},[44,73983,3294],{"class":80},[20,73985,11562],{},[139,73987,73988,73996,74000],{},[142,73989,73990,73992,73993,73995],{},[15,73991,73184],{}," changes ",[15,73994,3308],{}," directly",[142,73997,40573,73998,71502],{},[830,73999,832],{},[142,74001,1114,74002,41819,74004],{},[15,74003,73944],{},[15,74005,3439],{},[20,74007,61561],{},[35,74009,74011],{"className":37,"code":74010,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74012,74013,74033,74043,74047],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74014,74015,74017,74019,74021,74023,74025,74027,74029,74031],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74016,3276],{"class":50},[44,74018,55],{"class":54},[44,74020,3281],{"class":80},[44,74022,2643],{"class":1675},[44,74024,2646],{"class":80},[44,74026,2649],{"class":1675},[44,74028,2646],{"class":80},[44,74030,2104],{"class":1675},[44,74032,3294],{"class":80},[44,74034,74035,74037,74039,74041],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,74036,3308],{"class":50},[44,74038,81],{"class":80},[44,74040,73240],{"class":84},[44,74042,88],{"class":80},[44,74044,74045],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,74046,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,74048,74049,74051,74053,74055],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,74050,95],{"class":94},[44,74052,98],{"class":80},[44,74054,3308],{"class":84},[44,74056,104],{"class":80},[20,74058,107],{},[35,74060,74062],{"className":37,"code":74061,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74063,74064],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74065,74066,74068,74070,74072,74074,74076,74078],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74067,3561],{"class":80},[44,74069,1714],{"class":1675},[44,74071,2646],{"class":80},[44,74073,2649],{"class":1675},[44,74075,2646],{"class":80},[44,74077,5162],{"class":1675},[44,74079,3294],{"class":80},[30,74081,74083,866,74085,74088],{"id":74082},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74084,73184],{},[15,74086,74087],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74090,74091],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[267,74093,74094],{"id":73240},[15,74095,73184],{},[20,74097,74098,74100],{},[15,74099,73184],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[35,74102,74104],{"className":37,"code":74103,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74105,74106,74126,74136],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74107,74108,74110,74112,74114,74116,74118,74120,74122,74124],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74109,3276],{"class":50},[44,74111,55],{"class":54},[44,74113,3281],{"class":80},[44,74115,1714],{"class":1675},[44,74117,2646],{"class":80},[44,74119,5162],{"class":1675},[44,74121,2646],{"class":80},[44,74123,2649],{"class":1675},[44,74125,3294],{"class":80},[44,74127,74128,74130,74132,74134],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,74129,3308],{"class":50},[44,74131,81],{"class":80},[44,74133,73240],{"class":84},[44,74135,88],{"class":80},[44,74137,74138,74140,74142,74144],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,74139,95],{"class":94},[44,74141,98],{"class":80},[44,74143,3308],{"class":84},[44,74145,104],{"class":80},[20,74147,107],{},[35,74149,74151],{"className":37,"code":74150,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74152,74153],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74154,74155,74157,74159,74161,74163,74165,74167],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74156,3561],{"class":80},[44,74158,1708],{"class":1675},[44,74160,2646],{"class":80},[44,74162,5162],{"class":1675},[44,74164,2646],{"class":80},[44,74166,2104],{"class":1675},[44,74168,3294],{"class":80},[20,74170,74171,74172,74174],{},"Notice that this is ",[830,74173,832],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[267,74176,74178],{"id":74177},"sorted",[15,74179,74087],{},[20,74181,74182,74187],{},[243,74183,74185],{"href":74184},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74186,74087],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[35,74189,74191],{"className":37,"code":74190,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74192,74193,74213,74228,74232,74242],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74194,74195,74197,74199,74201,74203,74205,74207,74209,74211],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74196,3276],{"class":50},[44,74198,55],{"class":54},[44,74200,3281],{"class":80},[44,74202,1714],{"class":1675},[44,74204,2646],{"class":80},[44,74206,5162],{"class":1675},[44,74208,2646],{"class":80},[44,74210,2649],{"class":1675},[44,74212,3294],{"class":80},[44,74214,74215,74217,74219,74222,74224,74226],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,74216,1880],{"class":50},[44,74218,55],{"class":54},[44,74220,74221],{"class":94}," sorted",[44,74223,98],{"class":80},[44,74225,3308],{"class":84},[44,74227,104],{"class":80},[44,74229,74230],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,74231,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,74233,74234,74236,74238,74240],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,74235,95],{"class":94},[44,74237,98],{"class":80},[44,74239,3308],{"class":84},[44,74241,104],{"class":80},[44,74243,74244,74246,74248,74250],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,74245,95],{"class":94},[44,74247,98],{"class":80},[44,74249,1915],{"class":84},[44,74251,104],{"class":80},[20,74253,107],{},[35,74255,74257],{"className":37,"code":74256,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74258,74259,74275],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74260,74261,74263,74265,74267,74269,74271,74273],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74262,3561],{"class":80},[44,74264,1714],{"class":1675},[44,74266,2646],{"class":80},[44,74268,5162],{"class":1675},[44,74270,2646],{"class":80},[44,74272,2649],{"class":1675},[44,74274,3294],{"class":80},[44,74276,74277,74279,74281,74283,74285,74287,74289],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,74278,3561],{"class":80},[44,74280,2643],{"class":1675},[44,74282,2646],{"class":80},[44,74284,2649],{"class":1675},[44,74286,2646],{"class":80},[44,74288,2104],{"class":1675},[44,74290,3294],{"class":80},[20,74292,74293,74294,81],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74295,74296],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[267,74298,74300],{"id":74299},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74302,74303,74304,74307],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74305,74306],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[35,74309,74311],{"className":37,"code":74310,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74312,74313,74333,74349,74353,74363],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74314,74315,74317,74319,74321,74323,74325,74327,74329,74331],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74316,3276],{"class":50},[44,74318,55],{"class":54},[44,74320,3281],{"class":80},[44,74322,1714],{"class":1675},[44,74324,2646],{"class":80},[44,74326,5162],{"class":1675},[44,74328,2646],{"class":80},[44,74330,2649],{"class":1675},[44,74332,3294],{"class":80},[44,74334,74335,74337,74339,74341,74343,74345,74347],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,74336,1880],{"class":50},[44,74338,55],{"class":54},[44,74340,3926],{"class":50},[44,74342,73785],{"class":80},[44,74344,1672],{"class":54},[44,74346,2643],{"class":1675},[44,74348,3294],{"class":80},[44,74350,74351],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,74352,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,74354,74355,74357,74359,74361],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,74356,95],{"class":94},[44,74358,98],{"class":80},[44,74360,3308],{"class":84},[44,74362,104],{"class":80},[44,74364,74365,74367,74369,74371],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,74366,95],{"class":94},[44,74368,98],{"class":80},[44,74370,1915],{"class":84},[44,74372,104],{"class":80},[20,74374,107],{},[35,74376,74378],{"className":37,"code":74377,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74379,74380,74396],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74381,74382,74384,74386,74388,74390,74392,74394],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74383,3561],{"class":80},[44,74385,1714],{"class":1675},[44,74387,2646],{"class":80},[44,74389,5162],{"class":1675},[44,74391,2646],{"class":80},[44,74393,2649],{"class":1675},[44,74395,3294],{"class":80},[44,74397,74398,74400,74402,74404,74406,74408,74410],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,74399,3561],{"class":80},[44,74401,1708],{"class":1675},[44,74403,2646],{"class":80},[44,74405,5162],{"class":1675},[44,74407,2646],{"class":80},[44,74409,2104],{"class":1675},[44,74411,3294],{"class":80},[267,74413,74415],{"id":74414},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[139,74417,74418,74423,74428],{},[142,74419,119,74420,74422],{},[15,74421,73184],{}," when you want to change the original list",[142,74424,119,74425,74427],{},[15,74426,74306],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[142,74429,119,74430,74432],{},[15,74431,74087],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74434,74435,74436,74442],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[243,74437,74439,74440,1555],{"href":74438},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74441,63974],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[30,74444,1133,74446],{"id":74445},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74447,73184],{},[20,74449,74450,74452],{},[15,74451,73184],{}," is a good choice:",[139,74454,74455,74458,74461],{},[142,74456,74457],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[142,74459,74460],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[142,74462,74463],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74465,74466,74467,81],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[243,74468,74470],{"href":74469},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[30,74472,1238],{"id":1237},[20,74474,74475,74476,74478],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74477,73184],{}," for these reasons:",[139,74480,74481,74485,74490,74495],{},[142,74482,12257,74483,12260],{},[15,74484,73184],{},[142,74486,1246,74487,74489],{},[15,74488,73184],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[142,74491,675,74492,74494],{},[15,74493,73184],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[142,74496,36869,74497,8363,74499],{},[15,74498,73184],{},[15,74500,74501],{},"reversed()",[20,74503,74504],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[35,74506,74508],{"className":37,"code":74507,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74509,74510,74522],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74511,74512,74514,74516,74518,74520],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74513,51],{"class":50},[44,74515,55],{"class":54},[44,74517,59],{"class":58},[44,74519,986],{"class":62},[44,74521,66],{"class":58},[44,74523,74524,74526,74528,74530],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,74525,194],{"class":50},[44,74527,81],{"class":80},[44,74529,73240],{"class":84},[44,74531,88],{"class":80},[20,74533,74534,74535,33267],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74536,73184],{},[20,74538,74539],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[35,74541,74543],{"className":37,"code":74542,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74544,74545,74565,74569,74579,74593,74597,74611,74621,74625],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74546,74547,74549,74551,74553,74555,74557,74559,74561,74563],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74548,7969],{"class":50},[44,74550,55],{"class":54},[44,74552,3281],{"class":80},[44,74554,2643],{"class":1675},[44,74556,2646],{"class":80},[44,74558,2649],{"class":1675},[44,74560,2646],{"class":80},[44,74562,2104],{"class":1675},[44,74564,3294],{"class":80},[44,74566,74567],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,74568,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,74570,74571,74573,74575,74577],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,74572,95],{"class":94},[44,74574,98],{"class":80},[44,74576,8000],{"class":84},[44,74578,104],{"class":80},[44,74580,74581,74583,74585,74587,74589,74591],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,74582,95],{"class":94},[44,74584,98],{"class":80},[44,74586,2880],{"class":1461},[44,74588,98],{"class":80},[44,74590,8000],{"class":84},[44,74592,370],{"class":80},[44,74594,74595],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,74596,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,74598,74599,74601,74603,74605,74607,74609],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,74600,1880],{"class":50},[44,74602,55],{"class":54},[44,74604,8057],{"class":50},[44,74606,81],{"class":80},[44,74608,73240],{"class":84},[44,74610,88],{"class":80},[44,74612,74613,74615,74617,74619],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,74614,95],{"class":94},[44,74616,98],{"class":80},[44,74618,1915],{"class":84},[44,74620,104],{"class":80},[44,74622,74623],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,74624,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,74626,74627,74629,74631,74633,74635,74637,74639],{"class":46,"line":6095},[44,74628,95],{"class":94},[44,74630,98],{"class":80},[44,74632,8000],{"class":84},[44,74634,73785],{"class":80},[44,74636,1672],{"class":54},[44,74638,2643],{"class":1675},[44,74640,3549],{"class":80},[20,74642,107],{},[35,74644,74646],{"className":37,"code":74645,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,74647,74648,74664,74678,74682],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74649,74650,74652,74654,74656,74658,74660,74662],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74651,3561],{"class":80},[44,74653,2643],{"class":1675},[44,74655,2646],{"class":80},[44,74657,2649],{"class":1675},[44,74659,2646],{"class":80},[44,74661,2104],{"class":1675},[44,74663,3294],{"class":80},[44,74665,74666,74668,74670,74672,74674,74676],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,74667,2949],{"class":54},[44,74669,2952],{"class":1717},[44,74671,2955],{"class":58},[44,74673,7754],{"class":62},[44,74675,655],{"class":58},[44,74677,2962],{"class":54},[44,74679,74680],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,74681,11470],{"class":3513},[44,74683,74684,74686,74688,74690,74692,74694,74696],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,74685,3561],{"class":80},[44,74687,2643],{"class":1675},[44,74689,2646],{"class":80},[44,74691,2649],{"class":1675},[44,74693,2646],{"class":80},[44,74695,5162],{"class":1675},[44,74697,3294],{"class":80},[20,74699,74700],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[35,74702,74704],{"className":37,"code":74703,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74705,74706,74726,74730,74740,74754,74758,74772,74782,74792],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74707,74708,74710,74712,74714,74716,74718,74720,74722,74724],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74709,7969],{"class":50},[44,74711,55],{"class":54},[44,74713,3281],{"class":80},[44,74715,2643],{"class":1675},[44,74717,2646],{"class":80},[44,74719,2649],{"class":1675},[44,74721,2646],{"class":80},[44,74723,2104],{"class":1675},[44,74725,3294],{"class":80},[44,74727,74728],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,74729,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,74731,74732,74734,74736,74738],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,74733,95],{"class":94},[44,74735,98],{"class":80},[44,74737,8000],{"class":84},[44,74739,104],{"class":80},[44,74741,74742,74744,74746,74748,74750,74752],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,74743,95],{"class":94},[44,74745,98],{"class":80},[44,74747,2880],{"class":1461},[44,74749,98],{"class":80},[44,74751,8000],{"class":84},[44,74753,370],{"class":80},[44,74755,74756],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,74757,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,74759,74760,74762,74764,74766,74768,74770],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,74761,1880],{"class":50},[44,74763,55],{"class":54},[44,74765,8057],{"class":50},[44,74767,81],{"class":80},[44,74769,73240],{"class":84},[44,74771,88],{"class":80},[44,74773,74774,74776,74778,74780],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,74775,95],{"class":94},[44,74777,98],{"class":80},[44,74779,1915],{"class":84},[44,74781,104],{"class":80},[44,74783,74784,74786,74788,74790],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,74785,95],{"class":94},[44,74787,98],{"class":80},[44,74789,8000],{"class":84},[44,74791,104],{"class":80},[44,74793,74794,74796,74798,74800,74802,74804,74806],{"class":46,"line":6095},[44,74795,95],{"class":94},[44,74797,98],{"class":80},[44,74799,8000],{"class":84},[44,74801,73785],{"class":80},[44,74803,1672],{"class":54},[44,74805,2643],{"class":1675},[44,74807,3549],{"class":80},[20,74809,107],{},[35,74811,74813],{"className":37,"code":74812,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74814,74815,74831,74845,74849,74865],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74816,74817,74819,74821,74823,74825,74827,74829],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74818,3561],{"class":80},[44,74820,2643],{"class":1675},[44,74822,2646],{"class":80},[44,74824,2649],{"class":1675},[44,74826,2646],{"class":80},[44,74828,2104],{"class":1675},[44,74830,3294],{"class":80},[44,74832,74833,74835,74837,74839,74841,74843],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,74834,2949],{"class":54},[44,74836,2952],{"class":1717},[44,74838,2955],{"class":58},[44,74840,7754],{"class":62},[44,74842,655],{"class":58},[44,74844,2962],{"class":54},[44,74846,74847],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,74848,11470],{"class":3513},[44,74850,74851,74853,74855,74857,74859,74861,74863],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,74852,3561],{"class":80},[44,74854,1714],{"class":1675},[44,74856,2646],{"class":80},[44,74858,2649],{"class":1675},[44,74860,2646],{"class":80},[44,74862,5162],{"class":1675},[44,74864,3294],{"class":80},[44,74866,74867,74869,74871,74873,74875,74877,74879],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,74868,3561],{"class":80},[44,74870,2643],{"class":1675},[44,74872,2646],{"class":80},[44,74874,2649],{"class":1675},[44,74876,2646],{"class":80},[44,74878,2104],{"class":1675},[44,74880,3294],{"class":80},[20,74882,74883],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[139,74885,74886,74895,74904],{},[142,74887,27463,74888,74891,74892],{},[15,74889,74890],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,74893,74894],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[142,74896,11578,74897,74900,74901,22227],{},[15,74898,74899],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[830,74902,74903],{},"current",[142,74905,74906,74907],{},"So it prints ",[15,74908,74909],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[30,74911,1478],{"id":1477},[267,74913,1482,74915,55130],{"id":74914},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,74916,73189],{},[20,74918,62266,74919,81],{},[15,74920,3439],{},[267,74922,1514,74924,1517,74926,1520],{"id":74923},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,74925,73184],{},[15,74927,74928],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,74930,74931,74933],{},[15,74932,73184],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,74935,74936,74938],{},[15,74937,74928],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[267,74940,27996,74942,74944],{"id":74941},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,74943,73184],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,74946,1488,74947,74949],{},[15,74948,73184],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[267,74951,74953],{"id":74952},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,74955,74956],{},"Use slicing:",[35,74958,74960],{"className":37,"code":74959,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,74961,74962],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74963,74964,74966,74968,74970,74972],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74965,8000],{"class":50},[44,74967,73785],{"class":80},[44,74969,1672],{"class":54},[44,74971,2643],{"class":1675},[44,74973,3294],{"class":80},[20,74975,74976],{},"Or use:",[35,74978,74980],{"className":37,"code":74979,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,74981,74982],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74983,74984,74986,74988,74991,74993,74995],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74985,7754],{"class":1461},[44,74987,98],{"class":80},[44,74989,74990],{"class":94},"reversed",[44,74992,98],{"class":80},[44,74994,8000],{"class":84},[44,74996,370],{"class":80},[20,74998,74999,75000,75004],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[243,75001,55181,75002],{"href":54621},[15,75003,12439],{}," can also help.",[30,75006,1545],{"id":1544},[139,75008,75009,75015,75021,75025,75029],{},[142,75010,75011],{},[243,75012,55181,75013,1555],{"href":74438},[15,75014,63974],{},[142,75016,75017],{},[243,75018,3234,75019,3167],{"href":74184},[15,75020,74087],{},[142,75022,75023],{},[243,75024,74470],{"href":74469},[142,75026,75027],{},[243,75028,73885],{"href":73202},[142,75030,75031],{},[243,75032,55181,75033,1555],{"href":54621},[15,75034,12439],{},[1577,75036,75037],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":75039},[75040,75041,75043,75044,75045,75047,75048,75055,75057,75058,75067],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":73263,"depth":69,"text":75042},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":11135,"depth":69,"text":11136},{"id":73622,"depth":69,"text":75046},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":73888,"depth":69,"text":73889},{"id":74082,"depth":69,"text":75049,"children":75050},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75051,75052,75053,75054],{"id":73240,"depth":91,"text":73184},{"id":74177,"depth":91,"text":74087},{"id":74299,"depth":91,"text":74300},{"id":74414,"depth":91,"text":74415},{"id":74445,"depth":69,"text":75056},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":75059},[75060,75062,75064,75066],{"id":74914,"depth":91,"text":75061},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":74923,"depth":91,"text":75063},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":74941,"depth":91,"text":75065},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":74952,"depth":91,"text":74953},{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73176,"description":75068},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75075,"title":75076,"body":75077,"description":77510,"extension":1611,"meta":77511,"navigation":184,"path":77512,"seo":77513,"stem":77514,"__hash__":77515},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75078,"toc":77478},[75079,75082,75094,75097,75120,75128,75130,75242,75251,75255,75258,75261,75348,75350,75383,75385,75408,75414,75418,75421,75443,75445,75462,75465,75485,75487,75597,75599,75676,75680,75683,75726,75728,75861,75863,75965,75970,75974,75977,75979,75993,75996,76110,76112,76186,76188,76216,76220,76225,76255,76258,76384,76386,76468,76474,76478,76480,76519,76528,76532,76535,76539,76586,76588,76596,76600,76651,76653,76666,76668,76682,76685,76693,76695,76742,76744,76752,76755,76798,76803,76806,76809,76832,76836,76887,76890,76911,76921,76925,76927,76957,76960,76983,76987,76990,77057,77059,77096,77099,77107,77174,77176,77213,77219,77226,77230,77233,77263,77268,77272,77275,77299,77302,77396,77406,77408,77412,77415,77419,77422,77427,77430,77436,77439,77441,77469,77475],[10,75080,75076],{"id":75081},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75083,75084,75085,839,75087,16737,75090,75093],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75086,35737],{},[15,75088,75089],{},"stop",[15,75091,75092],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75095,75096],{},"The basic slice form is:",[35,75098,75100],{"className":37,"code":75099,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75101,75102],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75103,75104,75106,75108,75110,75112,75114,75116,75118],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75105,8000],{"class":50},[44,75107,3561],{"class":80},[44,75109,35737],{"class":50},[44,75111,2539],{"class":80},[44,75113,75089],{"class":50},[44,75115,2539],{"class":80},[44,75117,75092],{"class":50},[44,75119,3294],{"class":80},[20,75121,75122,75123,75125,75126,81],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75124,75089],{}," position is ",[830,75127,64732],{},[30,75129,1653],{"id":1652},[35,75131,75133],{"className":37,"code":75132,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75134,75135,75163,75167,75188,75206,75223],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75136,75137,75139,75141,75143,75145,75147,75149,75151,75153,75155,75157,75159,75161],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75138,3276],{"class":50},[44,75140,55],{"class":54},[44,75142,3281],{"class":80},[44,75144,1982],{"class":1675},[44,75146,2646],{"class":80},[44,75148,7452],{"class":1675},[44,75150,2646],{"class":80},[44,75152,7457],{"class":1675},[44,75154,2646],{"class":80},[44,75156,50506],{"class":1675},[44,75158,2646],{"class":80},[44,75160,4743],{"class":1675},[44,75162,3294],{"class":80},[44,75164,75165],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,75166,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,75168,75169,75171,75173,75175,75177,75179,75181,75183,75185],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,75170,95],{"class":94},[44,75172,98],{"class":80},[44,75174,3308],{"class":84},[44,75176,3561],{"class":80},[44,75178,2643],{"class":1675},[44,75180,2539],{"class":80},[44,75182,2158],{"class":1675},[44,75184,20113],{"class":80},[44,75186,75187],{"class":3324},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[44,75189,75190,75192,75194,75196,75199,75201,75203],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,75191,95],{"class":94},[44,75193,98],{"class":80},[44,75195,3308],{"class":84},[44,75197,75198],{"class":80},"[:",[44,75200,1714],{"class":1675},[44,75202,20113],{"class":80},[44,75204,75205],{"class":3324},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[44,75207,75208,75210,75212,75214,75216,75218,75220],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,75209,95],{"class":94},[44,75211,98],{"class":80},[44,75213,3308],{"class":84},[44,75215,73785],{"class":80},[44,75217,1708],{"class":1675},[44,75219,20113],{"class":80},[44,75221,75222],{"class":3324},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[44,75224,75225,75227,75229,75231,75233,75235,75237,75239],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,75226,95],{"class":94},[44,75228,98],{"class":80},[44,75230,3308],{"class":84},[44,75232,73785],{"class":80},[44,75234,1672],{"class":54},[44,75236,2643],{"class":1675},[44,75238,20113],{"class":80},[44,75240,75241],{"class":3324},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75243,119,75244,75247,75248,75250],{},[15,75245,75246],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75249,75089],{}," value is not included.",[30,75252,75254],{"id":75253},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75256,75257],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75259,75260],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[35,75262,75264],{"className":37,"code":75263,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75265,75266,75314,75318,75337],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75267,75268,75270,75272,75274,75276,75278,75280,75282,75284,75286,75288,75290,75292,75294,75296,75298,75300,75302,75304,75306,75308,75310,75312],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75269,35755],{"class":50},[44,75271,55],{"class":54},[44,75273,3281],{"class":80},[44,75275,362],{"class":58},[44,75277,243],{"class":62},[44,75279,362],{"class":58},[44,75281,2646],{"class":80},[44,75283,59],{"class":58},[44,75285,842],{"class":62},[44,75287,362],{"class":58},[44,75289,2646],{"class":80},[44,75291,59],{"class":58},[44,75293,846],{"class":62},[44,75295,362],{"class":58},[44,75297,2646],{"class":80},[44,75299,59],{"class":58},[44,75301,18434],{"class":62},[44,75303,362],{"class":58},[44,75305,2646],{"class":80},[44,75307,59],{"class":58},[44,75309,60110],{"class":62},[44,75311,362],{"class":58},[44,75313,3294],{"class":80},[44,75315,75316],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,75317,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,75319,75320,75323,75325,75327,75329,75331,75333,75335],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,75321,75322],{"class":50},"part ",[44,75324,55],{"class":54},[44,75326,69759],{"class":50},[44,75328,3561],{"class":80},[44,75330,2643],{"class":1675},[44,75332,2539],{"class":80},[44,75334,2158],{"class":1675},[44,75336,3294],{"class":80},[44,75338,75339,75341,75343,75346],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,75340,95],{"class":94},[44,75342,98],{"class":80},[44,75344,75345],{"class":84},"part",[44,75347,104],{"class":80},[20,75349,107],{},[35,75351,75353],{"className":37,"code":75352,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75354,75355],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75356,75357,75359,75361,75363,75365,75367,75369,75371,75373,75375,75377,75379,75381],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75358,3561],{"class":80},[44,75360,655],{"class":58},[44,75362,842],{"class":62},[44,75364,655],{"class":58},[44,75366,2646],{"class":80},[44,75368,2955],{"class":58},[44,75370,846],{"class":62},[44,75372,655],{"class":58},[44,75374,2646],{"class":80},[44,75376,2955],{"class":58},[44,75378,18434],{"class":62},[44,75380,655],{"class":58},[44,75382,3294],{"class":80},[20,75384,137],{},[139,75386,75387,75390,75393,75399,75405],{},[142,75388,75389],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[142,75391,75392],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[142,75394,75395,75396],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75397,75398],{},"list[start:stop]",[142,75400,75401,75402,75404],{},"The item at ",[15,75403,75089],{}," is not included",[142,75406,75407],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75409,75410,75411,81],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[243,75412,75413],{"href":50641},"beginner guide to Python lists",[30,75415,75417],{"id":75416},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75419,75420],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[35,75422,75423],{"className":37,"code":75099,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,75424,75425],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75426,75427,75429,75431,75433,75435,75437,75439,75441],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75428,8000],{"class":50},[44,75430,3561],{"class":80},[44,75432,35737],{"class":50},[44,75434,2539],{"class":80},[44,75436,75089],{"class":50},[44,75438,2539],{"class":80},[44,75440,75092],{"class":50},[44,75442,3294],{"class":80},[20,75444,64708],{},[139,75446,75447,75452,75457],{},[142,75448,75449,75451],{},[15,75450,35737],{}," is where slicing begins",[142,75453,75454,75456],{},[15,75455,75089],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[142,75458,75459,75461],{},[15,75460,75092],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75463,75464],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[139,75466,75467,75473,75478],{},[142,75468,75469,75470,75472],{},"Missing ",[15,75471,35737],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[142,75474,75469,75475,75477],{},[15,75476,75089],{}," means go to the end of the list",[142,75479,75469,75480,75482,75483],{},[15,75481,75092],{}," means use ",[15,75484,2643],{},[20,75486,161],{},[35,75488,75490],{"className":37,"code":75489,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75491,75492,75520,75524,75545,75562,75580],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75493,75494,75496,75498,75500,75502,75504,75506,75508,75510,75512,75514,75516,75518],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75495,3276],{"class":50},[44,75497,55],{"class":54},[44,75499,3281],{"class":80},[44,75501,1982],{"class":1675},[44,75503,2646],{"class":80},[44,75505,7452],{"class":1675},[44,75507,2646],{"class":80},[44,75509,7457],{"class":1675},[44,75511,2646],{"class":80},[44,75513,50506],{"class":1675},[44,75515,2646],{"class":80},[44,75517,4743],{"class":1675},[44,75519,3294],{"class":80},[44,75521,75522],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,75523,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,75525,75526,75528,75530,75532,75534,75536,75538,75540,75542],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,75527,95],{"class":94},[44,75529,98],{"class":80},[44,75531,3308],{"class":84},[44,75533,3561],{"class":80},[44,75535,2643],{"class":1675},[44,75537,2539],{"class":80},[44,75539,2158],{"class":1675},[44,75541,20113],{"class":80},[44,75543,75544],{"class":3324},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[44,75546,75547,75549,75551,75553,75555,75557,75559],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,75548,95],{"class":94},[44,75550,98],{"class":80},[44,75552,3308],{"class":84},[44,75554,75198],{"class":80},[44,75556,1714],{"class":1675},[44,75558,20113],{"class":80},[44,75560,75561],{"class":3324},"    # start from the beginning\n",[44,75563,75564,75566,75568,75570,75572,75574,75577],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,75565,95],{"class":94},[44,75567,98],{"class":80},[44,75569,3308],{"class":84},[44,75571,3561],{"class":80},[44,75573,1708],{"class":1675},[44,75575,75576],{"class":80},":])",[44,75578,75579],{"class":3324},"    # go to the end\n",[44,75581,75582,75584,75586,75588,75590,75592,75594],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,75583,95],{"class":94},[44,75585,98],{"class":80},[44,75587,3308],{"class":84},[44,75589,73785],{"class":80},[44,75591,2643],{"class":1675},[44,75593,20113],{"class":80},[44,75595,75596],{"class":3324},"   # step of 1\n",[20,75598,107],{},[35,75600,75602],{"className":37,"code":75601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75603,75604,75620,75636,75652],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75605,75606,75608,75610,75612,75614,75616,75618],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75607,3561],{"class":80},[44,75609,15418],{"class":1675},[44,75611,2646],{"class":80},[44,75613,7457],{"class":1675},[44,75615,2646],{"class":80},[44,75617,50506],{"class":1675},[44,75619,3294],{"class":80},[44,75621,75622,75624,75626,75628,75630,75632,75634],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,75623,3561],{"class":80},[44,75625,1982],{"class":1675},[44,75627,2646],{"class":80},[44,75629,7452],{"class":1675},[44,75631,2646],{"class":80},[44,75633,7457],{"class":1675},[44,75635,3294],{"class":80},[44,75637,75638,75640,75642,75644,75646,75648,75650],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,75639,3561],{"class":80},[44,75641,36506],{"class":1675},[44,75643,2646],{"class":80},[44,75645,50506],{"class":1675},[44,75647,2646],{"class":80},[44,75649,4743],{"class":1675},[44,75651,3294],{"class":80},[44,75653,75654,75656,75658,75660,75662,75664,75666,75668,75670,75672,75674],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,75655,3561],{"class":80},[44,75657,1982],{"class":1675},[44,75659,2646],{"class":80},[44,75661,7452],{"class":1675},[44,75663,2646],{"class":80},[44,75665,7457],{"class":1675},[44,75667,2646],{"class":80},[44,75669,50506],{"class":1675},[44,75671,2646],{"class":80},[44,75673,4743],{"class":1675},[44,75675,3294],{"class":80},[30,75677,75679],{"id":75678},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,75681,75682],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[139,75684,75685,75694,75703,75714,75720],{},[142,75686,75687,75690,75691,5631],{},[15,75688,75689],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,75692,75693],{},"n",[142,75695,75696,75699,75700,75702],{},[15,75697,75698],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,75701,75693],{}," to the end",[142,75704,75705,75708,75709,75711,75712],{},[15,75706,75707],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,75710,243],{}," up to ",[15,75713,842],{},[142,75715,75716,75719],{},[15,75717,75718],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[142,75721,75722,75725],{},[15,75723,75724],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,75727,161],{},[35,75729,75731],{"className":37,"code":75730,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,75732,75733,75766,75770,75787,75804,75825,75842],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75734,75735,75737,75739,75741,75743,75745,75747,75749,75751,75753,75755,75757,75759,75761,75764],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75736,3276],{"class":50},[44,75738,55],{"class":54},[44,75740,3281],{"class":80},[44,75742,1982],{"class":1675},[44,75744,2646],{"class":80},[44,75746,7452],{"class":1675},[44,75748,2646],{"class":80},[44,75750,7457],{"class":1675},[44,75752,2646],{"class":80},[44,75754,50506],{"class":1675},[44,75756,2646],{"class":80},[44,75758,4743],{"class":1675},[44,75760,2646],{"class":80},[44,75762,75763],{"class":1675}," 60",[44,75765,3294],{"class":80},[44,75767,75768],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,75769,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,75771,75772,75774,75776,75778,75780,75782,75784],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,75773,95],{"class":94},[44,75775,98],{"class":80},[44,75777,3308],{"class":84},[44,75779,75198],{"class":80},[44,75781,1714],{"class":1675},[44,75783,20113],{"class":80},[44,75785,75786],{"class":3324},"    # first 3 items\n",[44,75788,75789,75791,75793,75795,75797,75799,75801],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,75790,95],{"class":94},[44,75792,98],{"class":80},[44,75794,3308],{"class":84},[44,75796,3561],{"class":80},[44,75798,1714],{"class":1675},[44,75800,75576],{"class":80},[44,75802,75803],{"class":3324},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[44,75805,75806,75808,75810,75812,75814,75816,75818,75820,75822],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,75807,95],{"class":94},[44,75809,98],{"class":80},[44,75811,3308],{"class":84},[44,75813,3561],{"class":80},[44,75815,2643],{"class":1675},[44,75817,2539],{"class":80},[44,75819,1789],{"class":1675},[44,75821,20113],{"class":80},[44,75823,75824],{"class":3324},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[44,75826,75827,75829,75831,75833,75835,75837,75839],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,75828,95],{"class":94},[44,75830,98],{"class":80},[44,75832,3308],{"class":84},[44,75834,73785],{"class":80},[44,75836,1708],{"class":1675},[44,75838,20113],{"class":80},[44,75840,75841],{"class":3324},"   # every second item\n",[44,75843,75844,75846,75848,75850,75852,75854,75856,75858],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,75845,95],{"class":94},[44,75847,98],{"class":80},[44,75849,3308],{"class":84},[44,75851,73785],{"class":80},[44,75853,1672],{"class":54},[44,75855,2643],{"class":1675},[44,75857,20113],{"class":80},[44,75859,75860],{"class":3324},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,75862,107],{},[35,75864,75866],{"className":37,"code":75865,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75867,75868,75884,75900,75920,75936],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75869,75870,75872,75874,75876,75878,75880,75882],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75871,3561],{"class":80},[44,75873,1982],{"class":1675},[44,75875,2646],{"class":80},[44,75877,7452],{"class":1675},[44,75879,2646],{"class":80},[44,75881,7457],{"class":1675},[44,75883,3294],{"class":80},[44,75885,75886,75888,75890,75892,75894,75896,75898],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,75887,3561],{"class":80},[44,75889,56354],{"class":1675},[44,75891,2646],{"class":80},[44,75893,4743],{"class":1675},[44,75895,2646],{"class":80},[44,75897,75763],{"class":1675},[44,75899,3294],{"class":80},[44,75901,75902,75904,75906,75908,75910,75912,75914,75916,75918],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,75903,3561],{"class":80},[44,75905,15418],{"class":1675},[44,75907,2646],{"class":80},[44,75909,7457],{"class":1675},[44,75911,2646],{"class":80},[44,75913,50506],{"class":1675},[44,75915,2646],{"class":80},[44,75917,4743],{"class":1675},[44,75919,3294],{"class":80},[44,75921,75922,75924,75926,75928,75930,75932,75934],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,75923,3561],{"class":80},[44,75925,1982],{"class":1675},[44,75927,2646],{"class":80},[44,75929,7457],{"class":1675},[44,75931,2646],{"class":80},[44,75933,4743],{"class":1675},[44,75935,3294],{"class":80},[44,75937,75938,75940,75943,75945,75947,75949,75951,75953,75955,75957,75959,75961,75963],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,75939,3561],{"class":80},[44,75941,75942],{"class":1675},"60",[44,75944,2646],{"class":80},[44,75946,4743],{"class":1675},[44,75948,2646],{"class":80},[44,75950,50506],{"class":1675},[44,75952,2646],{"class":80},[44,75954,7457],{"class":1675},[44,75956,2646],{"class":80},[44,75958,7452],{"class":1675},[44,75960,2646],{"class":80},[44,75962,5670],{"class":1675},[44,75964,3294],{"class":80},[20,75966,75967,75968,81],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[243,75969,14551],{"href":56881},[30,75971,75973],{"id":75972},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,75975,75976],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,75978,5136],{},[139,75980,75981,75987],{},[142,75982,75983,75986],{},[15,75984,75985],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[142,75988,75989,75992],{},[15,75990,75991],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,75994,75995],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[35,75997,75999],{"className":37,"code":75998,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76000,76001,76049,76053,76072,76091],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76002,76003,76005,76007,76009,76011,76013,76015,76017,76019,76021,76023,76025,76027,76029,76031,76033,76035,76037,76039,76041,76043,76045,76047],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76004,35755],{"class":50},[44,76006,55],{"class":54},[44,76008,3281],{"class":80},[44,76010,362],{"class":58},[44,76012,243],{"class":62},[44,76014,362],{"class":58},[44,76016,2646],{"class":80},[44,76018,59],{"class":58},[44,76020,842],{"class":62},[44,76022,362],{"class":58},[44,76024,2646],{"class":80},[44,76026,59],{"class":58},[44,76028,846],{"class":62},[44,76030,362],{"class":58},[44,76032,2646],{"class":80},[44,76034,59],{"class":58},[44,76036,18434],{"class":62},[44,76038,362],{"class":58},[44,76040,2646],{"class":80},[44,76042,59],{"class":58},[44,76044,60110],{"class":62},[44,76046,362],{"class":58},[44,76048,3294],{"class":80},[44,76050,76051],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,76052,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,76054,76055,76057,76059,76061,76063,76065,76067,76069],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,76056,95],{"class":94},[44,76058,98],{"class":80},[44,76060,35808],{"class":84},[44,76062,3561],{"class":80},[44,76064,1672],{"class":54},[44,76066,2643],{"class":1675},[44,76068,20113],{"class":80},[44,76070,76071],{"class":3324},"    # last item\n",[44,76073,76074,76076,76078,76080,76082,76084,76086,76088],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,76075,95],{"class":94},[44,76077,98],{"class":80},[44,76079,35808],{"class":84},[44,76081,3561],{"class":80},[44,76083,1672],{"class":54},[44,76085,1714],{"class":1675},[44,76087,75576],{"class":80},[44,76089,76090],{"class":3324},"   # last 3 items\n",[44,76092,76093,76095,76097,76099,76101,76103,76105,76107],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,76094,95],{"class":94},[44,76096,98],{"class":80},[44,76098,35808],{"class":84},[44,76100,75198],{"class":80},[44,76102,1672],{"class":54},[44,76104,2643],{"class":1675},[44,76106,20113],{"class":80},[44,76108,76109],{"class":3324},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76111,107],{},[35,76113,76115],{"className":37,"code":76114,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76116,76117,76122,76150],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76118,76119],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76120,76121],{"class":50},"e\n",[44,76123,76124,76126,76128,76130,76132,76134,76136,76138,76140,76142,76144,76146,76148],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,76125,3561],{"class":80},[44,76127,655],{"class":58},[44,76129,846],{"class":62},[44,76131,655],{"class":58},[44,76133,2646],{"class":80},[44,76135,2955],{"class":58},[44,76137,18434],{"class":62},[44,76139,655],{"class":58},[44,76141,2646],{"class":80},[44,76143,2955],{"class":58},[44,76145,60110],{"class":62},[44,76147,655],{"class":58},[44,76149,3294],{"class":80},[44,76151,76152,76154,76156,76158,76160,76162,76164,76166,76168,76170,76172,76174,76176,76178,76180,76182,76184],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,76153,3561],{"class":80},[44,76155,655],{"class":58},[44,76157,243],{"class":62},[44,76159,655],{"class":58},[44,76161,2646],{"class":80},[44,76163,2955],{"class":58},[44,76165,842],{"class":62},[44,76167,655],{"class":58},[44,76169,2646],{"class":80},[44,76171,2955],{"class":58},[44,76173,846],{"class":62},[44,76175,655],{"class":58},[44,76177,2646],{"class":80},[44,76179,2955],{"class":58},[44,76181,18434],{"class":62},[44,76183,655],{"class":58},[44,76185,3294],{"class":80},[20,76187,137],{},[139,76189,76190,76193,76197,76203,76209],{},[142,76191,76192],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[142,76194,76195,75986],{},[15,76196,75985],{},[142,76198,76199,76202],{},[15,76200,76201],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[142,76204,76205,76208],{},[15,76206,76207],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[142,76210,76211,76212,4057,76214],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76213,35737],{},[15,76215,75089],{},[30,76217,76219],{"id":76218},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76221,1628,76222,76224],{},[15,76223,75092],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[139,76226,76227,76230,76233,76238,76248],{},[142,76228,76229],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[142,76231,76232],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[142,76234,76235,76237],{},[15,76236,75724],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[142,76239,8534,76240,76242,76243,76245,76246],{},[15,76241,75092],{}," is negative, ",[15,76244,35737],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76247,75089],{},[142,76249,76250,76252,76253],{},[15,76251,75092],{}," cannot be ",[15,76254,1772],{},[20,76256,76257],{},"Example with different step values:",[35,76259,76261],{"className":37,"code":76260,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76262,76263,76295,76299,76316,76338,76357],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76264,76265,76267,76269,76271,76273,76275,76277,76279,76281,76283,76285,76287,76289,76291,76293],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76266,3276],{"class":50},[44,76268,55],{"class":54},[44,76270,3281],{"class":80},[44,76272,1982],{"class":1675},[44,76274,2646],{"class":80},[44,76276,7452],{"class":1675},[44,76278,2646],{"class":80},[44,76280,7457],{"class":1675},[44,76282,2646],{"class":80},[44,76284,50506],{"class":1675},[44,76286,2646],{"class":80},[44,76288,4743],{"class":1675},[44,76290,2646],{"class":80},[44,76292,75763],{"class":1675},[44,76294,3294],{"class":80},[44,76296,76297],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,76298,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,76300,76301,76303,76305,76307,76309,76311,76313],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,76302,95],{"class":94},[44,76304,98],{"class":80},[44,76306,3308],{"class":84},[44,76308,73785],{"class":80},[44,76310,1708],{"class":1675},[44,76312,20113],{"class":80},[44,76314,76315],{"class":3324},"     # every second item\n",[44,76317,76318,76320,76322,76324,76326,76328,76331,76333,76335],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,76319,95],{"class":94},[44,76321,98],{"class":80},[44,76323,3308],{"class":84},[44,76325,3561],{"class":80},[44,76327,2643],{"class":1675},[44,76329,76330],{"class":80},"::",[44,76332,1708],{"class":1675},[44,76334,20113],{"class":80},[44,76336,76337],{"class":3324},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[44,76339,76340,76342,76344,76346,76348,76350,76352,76354],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,76341,95],{"class":94},[44,76343,98],{"class":80},[44,76345,3308],{"class":84},[44,76347,73785],{"class":80},[44,76349,1672],{"class":54},[44,76351,2643],{"class":1675},[44,76353,20113],{"class":80},[44,76355,76356],{"class":3324},"    # reverse the list\n",[44,76358,76359,76361,76363,76365,76367,76369,76371,76373,76375,76377,76379,76381],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,76360,95],{"class":94},[44,76362,98],{"class":80},[44,76364,3308],{"class":84},[44,76366,3561],{"class":80},[44,76368,2158],{"class":1675},[44,76370,2539],{"class":80},[44,76372,2643],{"class":1675},[44,76374,2539],{"class":80},[44,76376,1672],{"class":54},[44,76378,2643],{"class":1675},[44,76380,20113],{"class":80},[44,76382,76383],{"class":3324},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76385,107],{},[35,76387,76389],{"className":37,"code":76388,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76390,76391,76407,76423,76451],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76392,76393,76395,76397,76399,76401,76403,76405],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76394,3561],{"class":80},[44,76396,1982],{"class":1675},[44,76398,2646],{"class":80},[44,76400,7457],{"class":1675},[44,76402,2646],{"class":80},[44,76404,4743],{"class":1675},[44,76406,3294],{"class":80},[44,76408,76409,76411,76413,76415,76417,76419,76421],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,76410,3561],{"class":80},[44,76412,15418],{"class":1675},[44,76414,2646],{"class":80},[44,76416,50506],{"class":1675},[44,76418,2646],{"class":80},[44,76420,75763],{"class":1675},[44,76422,3294],{"class":80},[44,76424,76425,76427,76429,76431,76433,76435,76437,76439,76441,76443,76445,76447,76449],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,76426,3561],{"class":80},[44,76428,75942],{"class":1675},[44,76430,2646],{"class":80},[44,76432,4743],{"class":1675},[44,76434,2646],{"class":80},[44,76436,50506],{"class":1675},[44,76438,2646],{"class":80},[44,76440,7457],{"class":1675},[44,76442,2646],{"class":80},[44,76444,7452],{"class":1675},[44,76446,2646],{"class":80},[44,76448,5670],{"class":1675},[44,76450,3294],{"class":80},[44,76452,76453,76455,76458,76460,76462,76464,76466],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,76454,3561],{"class":80},[44,76456,76457],{"class":1675},"50",[44,76459,2646],{"class":80},[44,76461,50506],{"class":1675},[44,76463,2646],{"class":80},[44,76465,7457],{"class":1675},[44,76467,3294],{"class":80},[20,76469,76470,76471,81],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[243,76472,76473],{"href":74469},"how to reverse a list in Python",[267,76475,76477],{"id":76476},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76479,2490],{},[35,76481,76483],{"className":37,"code":76482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76484,76485,76505],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76486,76487,76489,76491,76493,76495,76497,76499,76501,76503],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76488,3276],{"class":50},[44,76490,55],{"class":54},[44,76492,3281],{"class":80},[44,76494,2643],{"class":1675},[44,76496,2646],{"class":80},[44,76498,2649],{"class":1675},[44,76500,2646],{"class":80},[44,76502,2104],{"class":1675},[44,76504,3294],{"class":80},[44,76506,76507,76509,76511,76513,76515,76517],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,76508,95],{"class":94},[44,76510,98],{"class":80},[44,76512,3308],{"class":84},[44,76514,73785],{"class":80},[44,76516,1772],{"class":1675},[44,76518,3549],{"class":80},[20,76520,76521,76522,76524,76525,76527],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76523,40371],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76526,1772],{}," does not make sense.",[30,76529,76531],{"id":76530},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76533,76534],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[267,76536,76538],{"id":76537},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[35,76540,76542],{"className":37,"code":76541,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76543,76544,76568,76572],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76545,76546,76548,76550,76552,76554,76556,76558,76560,76562,76564,76566],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76547,3276],{"class":50},[44,76549,55],{"class":54},[44,76551,3281],{"class":80},[44,76553,1982],{"class":1675},[44,76555,2646],{"class":80},[44,76557,7452],{"class":1675},[44,76559,2646],{"class":80},[44,76561,7457],{"class":1675},[44,76563,2646],{"class":80},[44,76565,50506],{"class":1675},[44,76567,3294],{"class":80},[44,76569,76570],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,76571,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,76573,76574,76576,76578,76580,76582,76584],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,76575,95],{"class":94},[44,76577,98],{"class":80},[44,76579,3308],{"class":84},[44,76581,3561],{"class":80},[44,76583,1708],{"class":1675},[44,76585,3549],{"class":80},[20,76587,107],{},[35,76589,76590],{"className":37,"code":69503,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,76591,76592],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76593,76594],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76595,69503],{"class":1675},[267,76597,76599],{"id":76598},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[35,76601,76603],{"className":37,"code":76602,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76604,76605,76629,76633],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76606,76607,76609,76611,76613,76615,76617,76619,76621,76623,76625,76627],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76608,3276],{"class":50},[44,76610,55],{"class":54},[44,76612,3281],{"class":80},[44,76614,1982],{"class":1675},[44,76616,2646],{"class":80},[44,76618,7452],{"class":1675},[44,76620,2646],{"class":80},[44,76622,7457],{"class":1675},[44,76624,2646],{"class":80},[44,76626,50506],{"class":1675},[44,76628,3294],{"class":80},[44,76630,76631],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,76632,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,76634,76635,76637,76639,76641,76643,76645,76647,76649],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,76636,95],{"class":94},[44,76638,98],{"class":80},[44,76640,3308],{"class":84},[44,76642,3561],{"class":80},[44,76644,1708],{"class":1675},[44,76646,2539],{"class":80},[44,76648,1714],{"class":1675},[44,76650,3549],{"class":80},[20,76652,107],{},[35,76654,76656],{"className":37,"code":76655,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[30]\n",[15,76657,76658],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76659,76660,76662,76664],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76661,3561],{"class":80},[44,76663,36506],{"class":1675},[44,76665,3294],{"class":80},[20,76667,13426],{},[139,76669,76670,76676],{},[142,76671,76672,76675],{},[15,76673,76674],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[142,76677,76678,76681],{},[15,76679,76680],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,76683,76684],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[139,76686,76687,76690],{},[142,76688,76689],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[142,76691,76692],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,76694,161],{},[35,76696,76698],{"className":37,"code":76697,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,76699,76700,76720,76724],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76701,76702,76704,76706,76708,76710,76712,76714,76716,76718],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76703,3276],{"class":50},[44,76705,55],{"class":54},[44,76707,3281],{"class":80},[44,76709,1982],{"class":1675},[44,76711,2646],{"class":80},[44,76713,7452],{"class":1675},[44,76715,2646],{"class":80},[44,76717,7457],{"class":1675},[44,76719,3294],{"class":80},[44,76721,76722],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,76723,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,76725,76726,76728,76730,76732,76734,76736,76738,76740],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,76727,95],{"class":94},[44,76729,98],{"class":80},[44,76731,3308],{"class":84},[44,76733,3561],{"class":80},[44,76735,1789],{"class":1675},[44,76737,2539],{"class":80},[44,76739,1982],{"class":1675},[44,76741,3549],{"class":80},[20,76743,107],{},[35,76745,76746],{"className":37,"code":37963,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,76747,76748],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76749,76750],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76751,37963],{"class":80},[20,76753,76754],{},"But this would raise an error:",[35,76756,76758],{"className":37,"code":76757,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,76759,76760,76780,76784],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76761,76762,76764,76766,76768,76770,76772,76774,76776,76778],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76763,3276],{"class":50},[44,76765,55],{"class":54},[44,76767,3281],{"class":80},[44,76769,1982],{"class":1675},[44,76771,2646],{"class":80},[44,76773,7452],{"class":1675},[44,76775,2646],{"class":80},[44,76777,7457],{"class":1675},[44,76779,3294],{"class":80},[44,76781,76782],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,76783,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,76785,76786,76788,76790,76792,76794,76796],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,76787,95],{"class":94},[44,76789,98],{"class":80},[44,76791,3308],{"class":84},[44,76793,3561],{"class":80},[44,76795,1789],{"class":1675},[44,76797,3549],{"class":80},[20,76799,76800,76801,81],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[243,76802,68922],{"href":68921},[30,76804,14840],{"id":76805},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,76807,76808],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[139,76810,76811,76815,76817,76820,76826],{},[142,76812,1262,76813,75404],{},[15,76814,75089],{},[142,76816,60355],{},[142,76818,76819],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[142,76821,36869,76822,8363,76824],{},[15,76823,75724],{},[15,76825,73189],{},[142,76827,76828,76829,76831],{},"Using step ",[15,76830,1772],{},", which causes an error",[267,76833,76835],{"id":76834},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[35,76837,76839],{"className":37,"code":76838,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,76840,76841,76869],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76842,76843,76845,76847,76849,76851,76853,76855,76857,76859,76861,76863,76865,76867],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76844,3276],{"class":50},[44,76846,55],{"class":54},[44,76848,3281],{"class":80},[44,76850,1982],{"class":1675},[44,76852,2646],{"class":80},[44,76854,7452],{"class":1675},[44,76856,2646],{"class":80},[44,76858,7457],{"class":1675},[44,76860,2646],{"class":80},[44,76862,50506],{"class":1675},[44,76864,2646],{"class":80},[44,76866,4743],{"class":1675},[44,76868,3294],{"class":80},[44,76870,76871,76873,76875,76877,76879,76881,76883,76885],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,76872,95],{"class":94},[44,76874,98],{"class":80},[44,76876,3308],{"class":84},[44,76878,3561],{"class":80},[44,76880,2643],{"class":1675},[44,76882,2539],{"class":80},[44,76884,2158],{"class":1675},[44,76886,3549],{"class":80},[20,76888,76889],{},"This returns:",[35,76891,76893],{"className":37,"code":76892,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,76894,76895],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76896,76897,76899,76901,76903,76905,76907,76909],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76898,3561],{"class":80},[44,76900,15418],{"class":1675},[44,76902,2646],{"class":80},[44,76904,7457],{"class":1675},[44,76906,2646],{"class":80},[44,76908,50506],{"class":1675},[44,76910,3294],{"class":80},[20,76912,40573,76913,76915,76916,76918,76919,81],{},[830,76914,832],{}," include ",[15,76917,76457],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,76920,2158],{},[267,76922,76924],{"id":76923},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,76926,16308],{},[35,76928,76930],{"className":37,"code":76929,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,76931,76932,76952],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76933,76934,76936,76938,76940,76942,76944,76946,76948,76950],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76935,3276],{"class":50},[44,76937,55],{"class":54},[44,76939,3281],{"class":80},[44,76941,1982],{"class":1675},[44,76943,2646],{"class":80},[44,76945,7452],{"class":1675},[44,76947,2646],{"class":80},[44,76949,7457],{"class":1675},[44,76951,3294],{"class":80},[44,76953,76954],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,76955,76956],{"class":3324},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,76958,76959],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[35,76961,76963],{"className":37,"code":76962,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,76964,76965],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76966,76967,76969,76971,76973,76975,76977,76979,76981],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76968,95],{"class":94},[44,76970,98],{"class":80},[44,76972,3308],{"class":84},[44,76974,3561],{"class":80},[44,76976,2643],{"class":1675},[44,76978,2539],{"class":80},[44,76980,1714],{"class":1675},[44,76982,3549],{"class":80},[267,76984,76986],{"id":76985},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,76988,76989],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[35,76991,76993],{"className":37,"code":76992,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,76994,76995,77019,77033,77037,77047],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76996,76997,76999,77001,77003,77005,77007,77009,77011,77013,77015,77017],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76998,3276],{"class":50},[44,77000,55],{"class":54},[44,77002,3281],{"class":80},[44,77004,1982],{"class":1675},[44,77006,2646],{"class":80},[44,77008,7452],{"class":1675},[44,77010,2646],{"class":80},[44,77012,7457],{"class":1675},[44,77014,2646],{"class":80},[44,77016,50506],{"class":1675},[44,77018,3294],{"class":80},[44,77020,77021,77023,77025,77027,77029,77031],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,77022,75322],{"class":50},[44,77024,55],{"class":54},[44,77026,3926],{"class":50},[44,77028,75198],{"class":80},[44,77030,1708],{"class":1675},[44,77032,3294],{"class":80},[44,77034,77035],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,77036,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,77038,77039,77041,77043,77045],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,77040,95],{"class":94},[44,77042,98],{"class":80},[44,77044,75345],{"class":84},[44,77046,104],{"class":80},[44,77048,77049,77051,77053,77055],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,77050,95],{"class":94},[44,77052,98],{"class":80},[44,77054,3308],{"class":84},[44,77056,104],{"class":80},[20,77058,107],{},[35,77060,77062],{"className":37,"code":77061,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77063,77064,77076],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77065,77066,77068,77070,77072,77074],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77067,3561],{"class":80},[44,77069,1982],{"class":1675},[44,77071,2646],{"class":80},[44,77073,7452],{"class":1675},[44,77075,3294],{"class":80},[44,77077,77078,77080,77082,77084,77086,77088,77090,77092,77094],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,77079,3561],{"class":80},[44,77081,1982],{"class":1675},[44,77083,2646],{"class":80},[44,77085,7452],{"class":1675},[44,77087,2646],{"class":80},[44,77089,7457],{"class":1675},[44,77091,2646],{"class":80},[44,77093,50506],{"class":1675},[44,77095,3294],{"class":80},[20,77097,77098],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[267,77100,77102,77103,8363,77105],{"id":77101},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77104,75724],{},[15,77106,73189],{},[35,77108,77110],{"className":37,"code":77109,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77111,77112,77132,77136,77153,77164],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77113,77114,77116,77118,77120,77122,77124,77126,77128,77130],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77115,3276],{"class":50},[44,77117,55],{"class":54},[44,77119,3281],{"class":80},[44,77121,1982],{"class":1675},[44,77123,2646],{"class":80},[44,77125,7452],{"class":1675},[44,77127,2646],{"class":80},[44,77129,7457],{"class":1675},[44,77131,3294],{"class":80},[44,77133,77134],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,77135,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,77137,77138,77141,77143,77145,77147,77149,77151],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,77139,77140],{"class":50},"reversed_copy ",[44,77142,55],{"class":54},[44,77144,3926],{"class":50},[44,77146,73785],{"class":80},[44,77148,1672],{"class":54},[44,77150,2643],{"class":1675},[44,77152,3294],{"class":80},[44,77154,77155,77157,77159,77162],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,77156,95],{"class":94},[44,77158,98],{"class":80},[44,77160,77161],{"class":84},"reversed_copy",[44,77163,104],{"class":80},[44,77165,77166,77168,77170,77172],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,77167,95],{"class":94},[44,77169,98],{"class":80},[44,77171,3308],{"class":84},[44,77173,104],{"class":80},[20,77175,107],{},[35,77177,77179],{"className":37,"code":77178,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77180,77181,77197],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77182,77183,77185,77187,77189,77191,77193,77195],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77184,3561],{"class":80},[44,77186,36506],{"class":1675},[44,77188,2646],{"class":80},[44,77190,7452],{"class":1675},[44,77192,2646],{"class":80},[44,77194,5670],{"class":1675},[44,77196,3294],{"class":80},[44,77198,77199,77201,77203,77205,77207,77209,77211],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,77200,3561],{"class":80},[44,77202,1982],{"class":1675},[44,77204,2646],{"class":80},[44,77206,7452],{"class":1675},[44,77208,2646],{"class":80},[44,77210,7457],{"class":1675},[44,77212,3294],{"class":80},[20,77214,77215,77218],{},[15,77216,77217],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77220,77221,77222,77225],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77223,77224],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[267,77227,77229],{"id":77228},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77231,77232],{},"This is not allowed:",[35,77234,77236],{"className":37,"code":77235,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77237,77238,77258],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77239,77240,77242,77244,77246,77248,77250,77252,77254,77256],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77241,3276],{"class":50},[44,77243,55],{"class":54},[44,77245,3281],{"class":80},[44,77247,1982],{"class":1675},[44,77249,2646],{"class":80},[44,77251,7452],{"class":1675},[44,77253,2646],{"class":80},[44,77255,7457],{"class":1675},[44,77257,3294],{"class":80},[44,77259,77260],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,77261,77262],{"class":3324},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77264,77265,77266,81],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77267,40371],{},[30,77269,77271],{"id":77270},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77273,77274],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[139,77276,77277,77284,77290,77293,77296],{},[142,77278,36869,77279,4057,77281,77283],{},[15,77280,35737],{},[15,77282,75089],{}," positions",[142,77285,77286,77287,77289],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77288,75089],{}," index is included",[142,77291,77292],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[142,77294,77295],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[142,77297,77298],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77300,77301],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[35,77303,77305],{"className":37,"code":77304,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77306,77307,77317,77331,77349,77363,77380],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77308,77309,77311,77313,77315],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77310,95],{"class":94},[44,77312,98],{"class":80},[44,77314,8000],{"class":84},[44,77316,104],{"class":80},[44,77318,77319,77321,77323,77325,77327,77329],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,77320,95],{"class":94},[44,77322,98],{"class":80},[44,77324,10822],{"class":94},[44,77326,98],{"class":80},[44,77328,8000],{"class":84},[44,77330,370],{"class":80},[44,77332,77333,77335,77337,77339,77341,77343,77345,77347],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,77334,95],{"class":94},[44,77336,98],{"class":80},[44,77338,8000],{"class":84},[44,77340,3561],{"class":80},[44,77342,2643],{"class":1675},[44,77344,2539],{"class":80},[44,77346,2158],{"class":1675},[44,77348,3549],{"class":80},[44,77350,77351,77353,77355,77357,77359,77361],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,77352,95],{"class":94},[44,77354,98],{"class":80},[44,77356,8000],{"class":84},[44,77358,75198],{"class":80},[44,77360,1714],{"class":1675},[44,77362,3549],{"class":80},[44,77364,77365,77367,77369,77371,77373,77375,77377],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,77366,95],{"class":94},[44,77368,98],{"class":80},[44,77370,8000],{"class":84},[44,77372,3561],{"class":80},[44,77374,1672],{"class":54},[44,77376,1714],{"class":1675},[44,77378,77379],{"class":80},":])\n",[44,77381,77382,77384,77386,77388,77390,77392,77394],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,77383,95],{"class":94},[44,77385,98],{"class":80},[44,77387,8000],{"class":84},[44,77389,73785],{"class":80},[44,77391,1672],{"class":54},[44,77393,2643],{"class":1675},[44,77395,3549],{"class":80},[20,77397,675,77398,77400,77401,77405],{},[15,77399,42025],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[243,77402,77404],{"href":77403},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[30,77407,1478],{"id":1477},[267,77409,77411],{"id":77410},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77413,77414],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[267,77416,77418],{"id":77417},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77420,77421],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[267,77423,1504,77425,39627],{"id":77424},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77426,75724],{},[20,77428,77429],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[267,77431,77433,77434,1520],{"id":77432},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77435,70394],{},[20,77437,77438],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[30,77440,1545],{"id":1544},[139,77442,77443,77448,77453,77457,77461,77465],{},[142,77444,77445],{},[243,77446,77447],{"href":50641},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[142,77449,77450],{},[243,77451,77452],{"href":56815},"How to create a list in Python",[142,77454,77455],{},[243,77456,14628],{"href":56881},[142,77458,77459],{},[243,77460,74470],{"href":74469},[142,77462,77463],{},[243,77464,77404],{"href":77403},[142,77466,77467],{},[243,77468,68922],{"href":68921},[20,77470,77471,77472,77474],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77473,42025],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1577,77476,77477],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":77479},[77480,77481,77482,77483,77484,77485,77488,77492,77500,77501,77509],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":75253,"depth":69,"text":75254},{"id":75416,"depth":69,"text":75417},{"id":75678,"depth":69,"text":75679},{"id":75972,"depth":69,"text":75973},{"id":76218,"depth":69,"text":76219,"children":77486},[77487],{"id":76476,"depth":91,"text":76477},{"id":76530,"depth":69,"text":76531,"children":77489},[77490,77491],{"id":76537,"depth":91,"text":76538},{"id":76598,"depth":91,"text":76599},{"id":76805,"depth":69,"text":14840,"children":77493},[77494,77495,77496,77497,77499],{"id":76834,"depth":91,"text":76835},{"id":76923,"depth":91,"text":76924},{"id":76985,"depth":91,"text":76986},{"id":77101,"depth":91,"text":77498},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77228,"depth":91,"text":77229},{"id":77270,"depth":69,"text":77271},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":77502},[77503,77504,77505,77507],{"id":77410,"depth":91,"text":77411},{"id":77417,"depth":91,"text":77418},{"id":77424,"depth":91,"text":77506},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77432,"depth":91,"text":77508},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75076,"description":77510},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77517,"title":77518,"body":77519,"description":79588,"extension":1611,"meta":79589,"navigation":184,"path":79590,"seo":79591,"stem":79592,"__hash__":79593},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77520,"toc":79554},[77521,77526,77532,77538,77540,77587,77594,77599,77603,77618,77621,77674,77676,77701,77706,77708,77740,77743,77759,77761,77822,77824,77849,77853,77858,77911,77913,77938,77943,78004,78006,78031,78034,78041,78045,78048,78109,78111,78144,78147,78208,78210,78243,78249,78322,78324,78356,78363,78368,78373,78375,78387,78390,78468,78470,78511,78514,78588,78590,78623,78628,78635,78642,78646,78655,78659,78667,78669,78736,78738,78774,78779,78790,78792,78797,78802,78804,78867,78869,78894,78901,78906,78910,78913,78953,78958,78964,78969,78971,78998,79003,79006,79053,79055,79112,79119,79124,79130,79199,79203,79206,79269,79271,79304,79309,79311,79314,79395,79397,79421,79427,79429,79434,79438,79445,79453,79457,79459,79482,79486,79488,79515,79518,79525,79528,79530,79551],[10,77522,54003,77524,18],{"id":77523},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77525,63974],{},[20,77527,77528,77531],{},[15,77529,77530],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77533,77534,77535,77537],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77536,63974],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[30,77539,1653],{"id":1652},[35,77541,77543],{"className":37,"code":77542,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77544,77545,77565,77575],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77546,77547,77549,77551,77553,77555,77557,77559,77561,77563],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77548,3276],{"class":50},[44,77550,55],{"class":54},[44,77552,3281],{"class":80},[44,77554,1714],{"class":1675},[44,77556,2646],{"class":80},[44,77558,5162],{"class":1675},[44,77560,2646],{"class":80},[44,77562,2649],{"class":1675},[44,77564,3294],{"class":80},[44,77566,77567,77569,77571,77573],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,77568,3308],{"class":50},[44,77570,81],{"class":80},[44,77572,34462],{"class":84},[44,77574,88],{"class":80},[44,77576,77577,77579,77581,77583,77585],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,77578,95],{"class":94},[44,77580,98],{"class":80},[44,77582,3308],{"class":84},[44,77584,3321],{"class":80},[44,77586,54593],{"class":3324},[20,77588,119,77589,77591,77592,81],{},[15,77590,77530],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77593,3439],{},[30,77595,126,77597,129],{"id":77596},"what-listsort-does",[15,77598,77530],{},[20,77600,77601,2539],{},[15,77602,77530],{},[139,77604,77605,77608,77611,77615],{},[142,77606,77607],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[142,77609,77610],{},"Changes the original list",[142,77612,11084,77613],{},[15,77614,3439],{},[142,77616,77617],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,77619,77620],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[35,77622,77624],{"className":37,"code":77623,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77625,77626,77650,77660,77664],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77627,77628,77630,77632,77634,77636,77638,77640,77642,77644,77646,77648],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77629,3276],{"class":50},[44,77631,55],{"class":54},[44,77633,3281],{"class":80},[44,77635,1789],{"class":1675},[44,77637,2646],{"class":80},[44,77639,2649],{"class":1675},[44,77641,2646],{"class":80},[44,77643,53797],{"class":1675},[44,77645,2646],{"class":80},[44,77647,5162],{"class":1675},[44,77649,3294],{"class":80},[44,77651,77652,77654,77656,77658],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,77653,3308],{"class":50},[44,77655,81],{"class":80},[44,77657,34462],{"class":84},[44,77659,88],{"class":80},[44,77661,77662],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,77663,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,77665,77666,77668,77670,77672],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,77667,95],{"class":94},[44,77669,98],{"class":80},[44,77671,3308],{"class":84},[44,77673,104],{"class":80},[20,77675,107],{},[35,77677,77679],{"className":37,"code":77678,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,77680,77681],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77682,77683,77685,77687,77689,77691,77693,77695,77697,77699],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77684,3561],{"class":80},[44,77686,2643],{"class":1675},[44,77688,2646],{"class":80},[44,77690,2649],{"class":1675},[44,77692,2646],{"class":80},[44,77694,4270],{"class":1675},[44,77696,2646],{"class":80},[44,77698,53797],{"class":1675},[44,77700,3294],{"class":80},[20,77702,77703,77704,81],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[243,77705,66740],{"href":50641},[30,77707,250],{"id":249},[35,77709,77711],{"className":37,"code":77710,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,77712,77713],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77714,77715,77717,77719,77721,77723,77725,77727,77729,77731,77734,77736,77738],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77716,8000],{"class":50},[44,77718,81],{"class":80},[44,77720,34462],{"class":84},[44,77722,98],{"class":80},[44,77724,14504],{"class":8835},[44,77726,55],{"class":54},[44,77728,3439],{"class":3513},[44,77730,2646],{"class":80},[44,77732,77733],{"class":8835}," reverse",[44,77735,55],{"class":54},[44,77737,3335],{"class":3513},[44,77739,104],{"class":80},[20,77741,77742],{},"Main arguments:",[139,77744,77745,77750,77756],{},[142,77746,77747,77749],{},[15,77748,14504],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[142,77751,77752,77755],{},[15,77753,77754],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[142,77757,77758],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,77760,161],{},[35,77762,77764],{"className":37,"code":77763,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77765,77766,77790,77808,77812],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77767,77768,77770,77772,77774,77776,77778,77780,77782,77784,77786,77788],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77769,3276],{"class":50},[44,77771,55],{"class":54},[44,77773,3281],{"class":80},[44,77775,2158],{"class":1675},[44,77777,2646],{"class":80},[44,77779,5162],{"class":1675},[44,77781,2646],{"class":80},[44,77783,5659],{"class":1675},[44,77785,2646],{"class":80},[44,77787,2649],{"class":1675},[44,77789,3294],{"class":80},[44,77791,77792,77794,77796,77798,77800,77802,77804,77806],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,77793,3308],{"class":50},[44,77795,81],{"class":80},[44,77797,34462],{"class":84},[44,77799,98],{"class":80},[44,77801,73240],{"class":8835},[44,77803,55],{"class":54},[44,77805,3263],{"class":3513},[44,77807,104],{"class":80},[44,77809,77810],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,77811,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,77813,77814,77816,77818,77820],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,77815,95],{"class":94},[44,77817,98],{"class":80},[44,77819,3308],{"class":84},[44,77821,104],{"class":80},[20,77823,107],{},[35,77825,77827],{"className":37,"code":77826,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,77828,77829],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77830,77831,77833,77835,77837,77839,77841,77843,77845,77847],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77832,3561],{"class":80},[44,77834,1676],{"class":1675},[44,77836,2646],{"class":80},[44,77838,2110],{"class":1675},[44,77840,2646],{"class":80},[44,77842,2649],{"class":1675},[44,77844,2646],{"class":80},[44,77846,5162],{"class":1675},[44,77848,3294],{"class":80},[30,77850,77852],{"id":77851},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,77854,119,77855,77857],{},[15,77856,63974],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[35,77859,77861],{"className":37,"code":77860,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77862,77863,77887,77897,77901],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77864,77865,77867,77869,77871,77873,77875,77877,77879,77881,77883,77885],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77866,3276],{"class":50},[44,77868,55],{"class":54},[44,77870,3281],{"class":80},[44,77872,1982],{"class":1675},[44,77874,2646],{"class":80},[44,77876,2104],{"class":1675},[44,77878,2646],{"class":80},[44,77880,6024],{"class":1675},[44,77882,2646],{"class":80},[44,77884,5162],{"class":1675},[44,77886,3294],{"class":80},[44,77888,77889,77891,77893,77895],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,77890,3308],{"class":50},[44,77892,81],{"class":80},[44,77894,34462],{"class":84},[44,77896,88],{"class":80},[44,77898,77899],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,77900,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,77902,77903,77905,77907,77909],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,77904,95],{"class":94},[44,77906,98],{"class":80},[44,77908,3308],{"class":84},[44,77910,104],{"class":80},[20,77912,107],{},[35,77914,77916],{"className":37,"code":77915,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,77917,77918],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77919,77920,77922,77924,77926,77928,77930,77932,77934,77936],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77921,3561],{"class":80},[44,77923,2643],{"class":1675},[44,77925,2646],{"class":80},[44,77927,2104],{"class":1675},[44,77929,2646],{"class":80},[44,77931,6024],{"class":1675},[44,77933,2646],{"class":80},[44,77935,5670],{"class":1675},[44,77937,3294],{"class":80},[20,77939,119,77940,77942],{},[15,77941,77754],{}," for descending order:",[35,77944,77946],{"className":37,"code":77945,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77947,77948,77972,77990,77994],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77949,77950,77952,77954,77956,77958,77960,77962,77964,77966,77968,77970],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77951,3276],{"class":50},[44,77953,55],{"class":54},[44,77955,3281],{"class":80},[44,77957,1982],{"class":1675},[44,77959,2646],{"class":80},[44,77961,2104],{"class":1675},[44,77963,2646],{"class":80},[44,77965,6024],{"class":1675},[44,77967,2646],{"class":80},[44,77969,5162],{"class":1675},[44,77971,3294],{"class":80},[44,77973,77974,77976,77978,77980,77982,77984,77986,77988],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,77975,3308],{"class":50},[44,77977,81],{"class":80},[44,77979,34462],{"class":84},[44,77981,98],{"class":80},[44,77983,73240],{"class":8835},[44,77985,55],{"class":54},[44,77987,3263],{"class":3513},[44,77989,104],{"class":80},[44,77991,77992],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,77993,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,77995,77996,77998,78000,78002],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,77997,95],{"class":94},[44,77999,98],{"class":80},[44,78001,3308],{"class":84},[44,78003,104],{"class":80},[20,78005,107],{},[35,78007,78009],{"className":37,"code":78008,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78010,78011],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78012,78013,78015,78017,78019,78021,78023,78025,78027,78029],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78014,3561],{"class":80},[44,78016,1982],{"class":1675},[44,78018,2646],{"class":80},[44,78020,6024],{"class":1675},[44,78022,2646],{"class":80},[44,78024,2104],{"class":1675},[44,78026,2646],{"class":80},[44,78028,5162],{"class":1675},[44,78030,3294],{"class":80},[20,78032,78033],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78035,78036,78037,81],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[243,78038,78040],{"href":78039},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[30,78042,78044],{"id":78043},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78046,78047],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[35,78049,78051],{"className":37,"code":78050,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78052,78053,78085,78095,78099],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78054,78055,78057,78059,78061,78063,78065,78067,78069,78071,78073,78075,78077,78079,78081,78083],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78056,3732],{"class":50},[44,78058,55],{"class":54},[44,78060,3281],{"class":80},[44,78062,362],{"class":58},[44,78064,3750],{"class":62},[44,78066,362],{"class":58},[44,78068,2646],{"class":80},[44,78070,59],{"class":58},[44,78072,3741],{"class":62},[44,78074,362],{"class":58},[44,78076,2646],{"class":80},[44,78078,59],{"class":58},[44,78080,3759],{"class":62},[44,78082,362],{"class":58},[44,78084,3294],{"class":80},[44,78086,78087,78089,78091,78093],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,78088,3776],{"class":50},[44,78090,81],{"class":80},[44,78092,34462],{"class":84},[44,78094,88],{"class":80},[44,78096,78097],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,78098,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,78100,78101,78103,78105,78107],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,78102,95],{"class":94},[44,78104,98],{"class":80},[44,78106,3776],{"class":84},[44,78108,104],{"class":80},[20,78110,107],{},[35,78112,78114],{"className":37,"code":78113,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78115,78116],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78117,78118,78120,78122,78124,78126,78128,78130,78132,78134,78136,78138,78140,78142],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78119,3561],{"class":80},[44,78121,655],{"class":58},[44,78123,3741],{"class":62},[44,78125,655],{"class":58},[44,78127,2646],{"class":80},[44,78129,2955],{"class":58},[44,78131,3750],{"class":62},[44,78133,655],{"class":58},[44,78135,2646],{"class":80},[44,78137,2955],{"class":58},[44,78139,3759],{"class":62},[44,78141,655],{"class":58},[44,78143,3294],{"class":80},[20,78145,78146],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[35,78148,78150],{"className":37,"code":78149,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78151,78152,78184,78194,78198],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78153,78154,78156,78158,78160,78162,78164,78166,78168,78170,78172,78174,78176,78178,78180,78182],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78155,3732],{"class":50},[44,78157,55],{"class":54},[44,78159,3281],{"class":80},[44,78161,362],{"class":58},[44,78163,3750],{"class":62},[44,78165,362],{"class":58},[44,78167,2646],{"class":80},[44,78169,59],{"class":58},[44,78171,57430],{"class":62},[44,78173,362],{"class":58},[44,78175,2646],{"class":80},[44,78177,59],{"class":58},[44,78179,3759],{"class":62},[44,78181,362],{"class":58},[44,78183,3294],{"class":80},[44,78185,78186,78188,78190,78192],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,78187,3776],{"class":50},[44,78189,81],{"class":80},[44,78191,34462],{"class":84},[44,78193,88],{"class":80},[44,78195,78196],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,78197,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,78199,78200,78202,78204,78206],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,78201,95],{"class":94},[44,78203,98],{"class":80},[44,78205,3776],{"class":84},[44,78207,104],{"class":80},[20,78209,107],{},[35,78211,78213],{"className":37,"code":78212,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78214,78215],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78216,78217,78219,78221,78223,78225,78227,78229,78231,78233,78235,78237,78239,78241],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78218,3561],{"class":80},[44,78220,655],{"class":58},[44,78222,57430],{"class":62},[44,78224,655],{"class":58},[44,78226,2646],{"class":80},[44,78228,2955],{"class":58},[44,78230,3750],{"class":62},[44,78232,655],{"class":58},[44,78234,2646],{"class":80},[44,78236,2955],{"class":58},[44,78238,3759],{"class":62},[44,78240,655],{"class":58},[44,78242,3294],{"class":80},[20,78244,78245,78246,2539],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78247,78248],{},"key=str.lower",[35,78250,78252],{"className":37,"code":78251,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78253,78254,78286,78308,78312],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78255,78256,78258,78260,78262,78264,78266,78268,78270,78272,78274,78276,78278,78280,78282,78284],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78257,3732],{"class":50},[44,78259,55],{"class":54},[44,78261,3281],{"class":80},[44,78263,362],{"class":58},[44,78265,3750],{"class":62},[44,78267,362],{"class":58},[44,78269,2646],{"class":80},[44,78271,59],{"class":58},[44,78273,57430],{"class":62},[44,78275,362],{"class":58},[44,78277,2646],{"class":80},[44,78279,59],{"class":58},[44,78281,3759],{"class":62},[44,78283,362],{"class":58},[44,78285,3294],{"class":80},[44,78287,78288,78290,78292,78294,78296,78298,78300,78302,78304,78306],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,78289,3776],{"class":50},[44,78291,81],{"class":80},[44,78293,34462],{"class":84},[44,78295,98],{"class":80},[44,78297,14504],{"class":8835},[44,78299,55],{"class":54},[44,78301,1462],{"class":1461},[44,78303,81],{"class":80},[44,78305,8300],{"class":1467},[44,78307,104],{"class":80},[44,78309,78310],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,78311,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,78313,78314,78316,78318,78320],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,78315,95],{"class":94},[44,78317,98],{"class":80},[44,78319,3776],{"class":84},[44,78321,104],{"class":80},[20,78323,107],{},[35,78325,78326],{"className":37,"code":78212,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,78327,78328],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78329,78330,78332,78334,78336,78338,78340,78342,78344,78346,78348,78350,78352,78354],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78331,3561],{"class":80},[44,78333,655],{"class":58},[44,78335,57430],{"class":62},[44,78337,655],{"class":58},[44,78339,2646],{"class":80},[44,78341,2955],{"class":58},[44,78343,3750],{"class":62},[44,78345,655],{"class":58},[44,78347,2646],{"class":80},[44,78349,2955],{"class":58},[44,78351,3759],{"class":62},[44,78353,655],{"class":58},[44,78355,3294],{"class":80},[20,78357,78358,78359,78362],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78360,78361],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[30,78364,36277,78366,36280],{"id":78365},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78367,14504],{},[20,78369,1628,78370,78372],{},[15,78371,14504],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78374,7005],{},[139,78376,78377,78382],{},[142,78378,78379,78381],{},[15,78380,10822],{}," to sort by length",[142,78383,78384,78386],{},[15,78385,78361],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78388,78389],{},"Sort words by length:",[35,78391,78393],{"className":37,"code":78392,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78394,78395,78436,78454,78458],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78396,78397,78399,78401,78403,78405,78408,78410,78412,78414,78416,78418,78420,78422,78424,78426,78428,78430,78432,78434],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78398,3732],{"class":50},[44,78400,55],{"class":54},[44,78402,3281],{"class":80},[44,78404,362],{"class":58},[44,78406,78407],{"class":62},"pear",[44,78409,362],{"class":58},[44,78411,2646],{"class":80},[44,78413,59],{"class":58},[44,78415,3750],{"class":62},[44,78417,362],{"class":58},[44,78419,2646],{"class":80},[44,78421,59],{"class":58},[44,78423,38024],{"class":62},[44,78425,362],{"class":58},[44,78427,2646],{"class":80},[44,78429,59],{"class":58},[44,78431,3741],{"class":62},[44,78433,362],{"class":58},[44,78435,3294],{"class":80},[44,78437,78438,78440,78442,78444,78446,78448,78450,78452],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,78439,3776],{"class":50},[44,78441,81],{"class":80},[44,78443,34462],{"class":84},[44,78445,98],{"class":80},[44,78447,14504],{"class":8835},[44,78449,55],{"class":54},[44,78451,10822],{"class":94},[44,78453,104],{"class":80},[44,78455,78456],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,78457,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,78459,78460,78462,78464,78466],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,78461,95],{"class":94},[44,78463,98],{"class":80},[44,78465,3776],{"class":84},[44,78467,104],{"class":80},[20,78469,107],{},[35,78471,78473],{"className":37,"code":78472,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78474,78475],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78476,78477,78479,78481,78483,78485,78487,78489,78491,78493,78495,78497,78499,78501,78503,78505,78507,78509],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78478,3561],{"class":80},[44,78480,655],{"class":58},[44,78482,38024],{"class":62},[44,78484,655],{"class":58},[44,78486,2646],{"class":80},[44,78488,2955],{"class":58},[44,78490,78407],{"class":62},[44,78492,655],{"class":58},[44,78494,2646],{"class":80},[44,78496,2955],{"class":58},[44,78498,3741],{"class":62},[44,78500,655],{"class":58},[44,78502,2646],{"class":80},[44,78504,2955],{"class":58},[44,78506,3750],{"class":62},[44,78508,655],{"class":58},[44,78510,3294],{"class":80},[20,78512,78513],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[35,78515,78517],{"className":37,"code":78516,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78518,78519,78552,78574,78578],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78520,78521,78523,78525,78527,78529,78531,78533,78535,78537,78539,78541,78543,78545,78548,78550],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78522,3732],{"class":50},[44,78524,55],{"class":54},[44,78526,3281],{"class":80},[44,78528,362],{"class":58},[44,78530,4675],{"class":62},[44,78532,362],{"class":58},[44,78534,2646],{"class":80},[44,78536,59],{"class":58},[44,78538,17469],{"class":62},[44,78540,362],{"class":58},[44,78542,2646],{"class":80},[44,78544,59],{"class":58},[44,78546,78547],{"class":62},"Carol",[44,78549,362],{"class":58},[44,78551,3294],{"class":80},[44,78553,78554,78556,78558,78560,78562,78564,78566,78568,78570,78572],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,78555,3776],{"class":50},[44,78557,81],{"class":80},[44,78559,34462],{"class":84},[44,78561,98],{"class":80},[44,78563,14504],{"class":8835},[44,78565,55],{"class":54},[44,78567,1462],{"class":1461},[44,78569,81],{"class":80},[44,78571,8300],{"class":1467},[44,78573,104],{"class":80},[44,78575,78576],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,78577,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,78579,78580,78582,78584,78586],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,78581,95],{"class":94},[44,78583,98],{"class":80},[44,78585,3776],{"class":84},[44,78587,104],{"class":80},[20,78589,107],{},[35,78591,78593],{"className":37,"code":78592,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78594,78595],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78596,78597,78599,78601,78603,78605,78607,78609,78611,78613,78615,78617,78619,78621],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78598,3561],{"class":80},[44,78600,655],{"class":58},[44,78602,17469],{"class":62},[44,78604,655],{"class":58},[44,78606,2646],{"class":80},[44,78608,2955],{"class":58},[44,78610,4675],{"class":62},[44,78612,655],{"class":58},[44,78614,2646],{"class":80},[44,78616,2955],{"class":58},[44,78618,78547],{"class":62},[44,78620,655],{"class":58},[44,78622,3294],{"class":80},[20,78624,1628,78625,78627],{},[15,78626,14504],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[30,78629,78631,866,78633],{"id":78630},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,78632,77530],{},[15,78634,74087],{},[20,78636,78637,4057,78639,78641],{},[15,78638,77530],{},[15,78640,74087],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,78643,78644,2539],{},[15,78645,77530],{},[139,78647,78648,78651],{},[142,78649,78650],{},"Changes the existing list",[142,78652,11084,78653],{},[15,78654,3439],{},[20,78656,78657,2539],{},[15,78658,74087],{},[139,78660,78661,78664],{},[142,78662,78663],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[142,78665,78666],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,78668,161],{},[35,78670,78672],{"className":37,"code":78671,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,78673,78674,78694,78698,78712,78716,78726],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78675,78676,78678,78680,78682,78684,78686,78688,78690,78692],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78677,3276],{"class":50},[44,78679,55],{"class":54},[44,78681,3281],{"class":80},[44,78683,1714],{"class":1675},[44,78685,2646],{"class":80},[44,78687,5162],{"class":1675},[44,78689,2646],{"class":80},[44,78691,2649],{"class":1675},[44,78693,3294],{"class":80},[44,78695,78696],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,78697,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,78699,78700,78702,78704,78706,78708,78710],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,78701,55551],{"class":50},[44,78703,55],{"class":54},[44,78705,74221],{"class":94},[44,78707,98],{"class":80},[44,78709,3308],{"class":84},[44,78711,104],{"class":80},[44,78713,78714],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,78715,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,78717,78718,78720,78722,78724],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,78719,95],{"class":94},[44,78721,98],{"class":80},[44,78723,3308],{"class":84},[44,78725,104],{"class":80},[44,78727,78728,78730,78732,78734],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,78729,95],{"class":94},[44,78731,98],{"class":80},[44,78733,73944],{"class":84},[44,78735,104],{"class":80},[20,78737,107],{},[35,78739,78740],{"className":37,"code":74256,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,78741,78742,78758],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78743,78744,78746,78748,78750,78752,78754,78756],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78745,3561],{"class":80},[44,78747,1714],{"class":1675},[44,78749,2646],{"class":80},[44,78751,5162],{"class":1675},[44,78753,2646],{"class":80},[44,78755,2649],{"class":1675},[44,78757,3294],{"class":80},[44,78759,78760,78762,78764,78766,78768,78770,78772],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,78761,3561],{"class":80},[44,78763,2643],{"class":1675},[44,78765,2646],{"class":80},[44,78767,2649],{"class":1675},[44,78769,2646],{"class":80},[44,78771,2104],{"class":1675},[44,78773,3294],{"class":80},[20,78775,119,78776,78778],{},[15,78777,74087],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,78780,78781,78782,4057,78786,81],{},"You can learn more in ",[243,78783,3234,78784,5448],{"href":74184},[15,78785,74087],{},[243,78787,78789],{"href":78788},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[30,78791,1238],{"id":1237},[20,78793,78794,78795,81],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,78796,77530],{},[267,78798,12257,78800],{"id":78799},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,78801,63974],{},[20,78803,25358],{},[35,78805,78807],{"className":37,"code":78806,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78808,78809,78829,78843,78847,78857],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78810,78811,78813,78815,78817,78819,78821,78823,78825,78827],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78812,3276],{"class":50},[44,78814,55],{"class":54},[44,78816,3281],{"class":80},[44,78818,1714],{"class":1675},[44,78820,2646],{"class":80},[44,78822,5162],{"class":1675},[44,78824,2646],{"class":80},[44,78826,2649],{"class":1675},[44,78828,3294],{"class":80},[44,78830,78831,78833,78835,78837,78839,78841],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,78832,1880],{"class":50},[44,78834,55],{"class":54},[44,78836,3926],{"class":50},[44,78838,81],{"class":80},[44,78840,34462],{"class":84},[44,78842,88],{"class":80},[44,78844,78845],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,78846,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,78848,78849,78851,78853,78855],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,78850,95],{"class":94},[44,78852,98],{"class":80},[44,78854,1915],{"class":84},[44,78856,104],{"class":80},[44,78858,78859,78861,78863,78865],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,78860,95],{"class":94},[44,78862,98],{"class":80},[44,78864,3308],{"class":84},[44,78866,104],{"class":80},[20,78868,107],{},[35,78870,78872],{"className":37,"code":78871,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78873,78874,78878],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78875,78876],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78877,11470],{"class":3513},[44,78879,78880,78882,78884,78886,78888,78890,78892],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,78881,3561],{"class":80},[44,78883,2643],{"class":1675},[44,78885,2646],{"class":80},[44,78887,2649],{"class":1675},[44,78889,2646],{"class":80},[44,78891,2104],{"class":1675},[44,78893,3294],{"class":80},[20,78895,78896,78898,78899,81],{},[15,78897,63974],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,78900,3439],{},[20,78902,78903,78904,860],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,78905,74087],{},[267,78907,78909],{"id":78908},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,78911,78912],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[35,78914,78916],{"className":37,"code":78915,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,78917,78918,78943],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78919,78920,78922,78924,78926,78928,78930,78932,78935,78937,78939,78941],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78921,7441],{"class":50},[44,78923,55],{"class":54},[44,78925,3281],{"class":80},[44,78927,2643],{"class":1675},[44,78929,2646],{"class":80},[44,78931,59],{"class":58},[44,78933,78934],{"class":62},"two",[44,78936,362],{"class":58},[44,78938,2646],{"class":80},[44,78940,2104],{"class":1675},[44,78942,3294],{"class":80},[44,78944,78945,78947,78949,78951],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,78946,7472],{"class":50},[44,78948,81],{"class":80},[44,78950,34462],{"class":84},[44,78952,88],{"class":80},[20,78954,2659,78955,78957],{},[15,78956,2662],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[267,78959,1262,78961,78963],{"id":78960},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,78962,63974],{}," only works on lists",[20,78965,78966,78968],{},[15,78967,63974],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,78970,16308],{},[35,78972,78974],{"className":37,"code":78973,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,78975,78976,78988],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78977,78978,78980,78982,78984,78986],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78979,51],{"class":50},[44,78981,55],{"class":54},[44,78983,59],{"class":58},[44,78985,39],{"class":62},[44,78987,66],{"class":58},[44,78989,78990,78992,78994,78996],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,78991,194],{"class":50},[44,78993,81],{"class":80},[44,78995,34462],{"class":84},[44,78997,88],{"class":80},[20,78999,79000,79001,33267],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79002,63974],{},[20,79004,79005],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[35,79007,79009],{"className":37,"code":79008,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79010,79011,79029,79039,79043],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79012,79013,79015,79017,79019,79021,79023,79025,79027],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79014,35755],{"class":50},[44,79016,55],{"class":54},[44,79018,22227],{"class":1461},[44,79020,98],{"class":80},[44,79022,362],{"class":58},[44,79024,39],{"class":62},[44,79026,362],{"class":58},[44,79028,104],{"class":80},[44,79030,79031,79033,79035,79037],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,79032,35808],{"class":50},[44,79034,81],{"class":80},[44,79036,34462],{"class":84},[44,79038,88],{"class":80},[44,79040,79041],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,79042,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,79044,79045,79047,79049,79051],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,79046,95],{"class":94},[44,79048,98],{"class":80},[44,79050,35808],{"class":84},[44,79052,104],{"class":80},[20,79054,107],{},[35,79056,79058],{"className":37,"code":79057,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79059,79060],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79061,79062,79064,79066,79068,79070,79072,79074,79076,79078,79080,79082,79084,79086,79088,79090,79092,79094,79096,79098,79100,79102,79104,79106,79108,79110],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79063,3561],{"class":80},[44,79065,655],{"class":58},[44,79067,60101],{"class":62},[44,79069,655],{"class":58},[44,79071,2646],{"class":80},[44,79073,2955],{"class":58},[44,79075,75693],{"class":62},[44,79077,655],{"class":58},[44,79079,2646],{"class":80},[44,79081,2955],{"class":58},[44,79083,60136],{"class":62},[44,79085,655],{"class":58},[44,79087,2646],{"class":80},[44,79089,2955],{"class":58},[44,79091,20],{"class":62},[44,79093,655],{"class":58},[44,79095,2646],{"class":80},[44,79097,2955],{"class":58},[44,79099,1107],{"class":62},[44,79101,655],{"class":58},[44,79103,2646],{"class":80},[44,79105,2955],{"class":58},[44,79107,11407],{"class":62},[44,79109,655],{"class":58},[44,79111,3294],{"class":80},[267,79113,79115,79116,79118],{"id":79114},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79117,14504],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79120,79121,79122,81],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79123,14504],{},[20,79125,79126,79127,79129],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79128,63974],{}," will not do that:",[35,79131,79133],{"className":37,"code":79132,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79134,79135,79167,79185,79189],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79136,79137,79139,79141,79143,79145,79147,79149,79151,79153,79155,79157,79159,79161,79163,79165],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79138,3732],{"class":50},[44,79140,55],{"class":54},[44,79142,3281],{"class":80},[44,79144,362],{"class":58},[44,79146,3750],{"class":62},[44,79148,362],{"class":58},[44,79150,2646],{"class":80},[44,79152,59],{"class":58},[44,79154,38024],{"class":62},[44,79156,362],{"class":58},[44,79158,2646],{"class":80},[44,79160,59],{"class":58},[44,79162,3741],{"class":62},[44,79164,362],{"class":58},[44,79166,3294],{"class":80},[44,79168,79169,79171,79173,79175,79177,79179,79181,79183],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,79170,3776],{"class":50},[44,79172,81],{"class":80},[44,79174,34462],{"class":84},[44,79176,98],{"class":80},[44,79178,14504],{"class":8835},[44,79180,55],{"class":54},[44,79182,10822],{"class":94},[44,79184,104],{"class":80},[44,79186,79187],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,79188,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,79190,79191,79193,79195,79197],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,79192,95],{"class":94},[44,79194,98],{"class":80},[44,79196,3776],{"class":84},[44,79198,104],{"class":80},[267,79200,79202],{"id":79201},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79204,79205],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[35,79207,79209],{"className":37,"code":79208,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79210,79211,79245,79255,79259],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79212,79213,79215,79217,79219,79221,79224,79226,79228,79230,79232,79234,79236,79238,79241,79243],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79214,3732],{"class":50},[44,79216,55],{"class":54},[44,79218,3281],{"class":80},[44,79220,362],{"class":58},[44,79222,79223],{"class":62},"zebra",[44,79225,362],{"class":58},[44,79227,2646],{"class":80},[44,79229,59],{"class":58},[44,79231,57430],{"class":62},[44,79233,362],{"class":58},[44,79235,2646],{"class":80},[44,79237,59],{"class":58},[44,79239,79240],{"class":62},"monkey",[44,79242,362],{"class":58},[44,79244,3294],{"class":80},[44,79246,79247,79249,79251,79253],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,79248,3776],{"class":50},[44,79250,81],{"class":80},[44,79252,34462],{"class":84},[44,79254,88],{"class":80},[44,79256,79257],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,79258,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,79260,79261,79263,79265,79267],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,79262,95],{"class":94},[44,79264,98],{"class":80},[44,79266,3776],{"class":84},[44,79268,104],{"class":80},[20,79270,107],{},[35,79272,79274],{"className":37,"code":79273,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79275,79276],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79277,79278,79280,79282,79284,79286,79288,79290,79292,79294,79296,79298,79300,79302],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79279,3561],{"class":80},[44,79281,655],{"class":58},[44,79283,57430],{"class":62},[44,79285,655],{"class":58},[44,79287,2646],{"class":80},[44,79289,2955],{"class":58},[44,79291,79240],{"class":62},[44,79293,655],{"class":58},[44,79295,2646],{"class":80},[44,79297,2955],{"class":58},[44,79299,79223],{"class":62},[44,79301,655],{"class":58},[44,79303,3294],{"class":80},[20,79305,119,79306,79308],{},[15,79307,78248],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[267,79310,60373],{"id":60372},[20,79312,79313],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[35,79315,79317],{"className":37,"code":79316,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79318,79319,79329,79343,79357,79371],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79320,79321,79323,79325,79327],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79322,95],{"class":94},[44,79324,98],{"class":80},[44,79326,8000],{"class":84},[44,79328,104],{"class":80},[44,79330,79331,79333,79335,79337,79339,79341],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,79332,95],{"class":94},[44,79334,98],{"class":80},[44,79336,2880],{"class":1461},[44,79338,98],{"class":80},[44,79340,8000],{"class":84},[44,79342,370],{"class":80},[44,79344,79345,79347,79349,79351,79353,79355],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,79346,95],{"class":94},[44,79348,98],{"class":80},[44,79350,8000],{"class":84},[44,79352,81],{"class":80},[44,79354,34462],{"class":84},[44,79356,201],{"class":80},[44,79358,79359,79361,79363,79365,79367,79369],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,79360,95],{"class":94},[44,79362,98],{"class":80},[44,79364,74177],{"class":94},[44,79366,98],{"class":80},[44,79368,8000],{"class":84},[44,79370,370],{"class":80},[44,79372,79373,79375,79377,79379,79381,79383,79385,79387,79389,79391,79393],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,79374,95],{"class":94},[44,79376,2640],{"class":80},[44,79378,2880],{"class":1461},[44,79380,98],{"class":80},[44,79382,22978],{"class":84},[44,79384,3321],{"class":80},[44,79386,3538],{"class":524},[44,79388,5626],{"class":84},[44,79390,3544],{"class":524},[44,79392,8057],{"class":84},[44,79394,3549],{"class":80},[20,79396,10831],{},[139,79398,79399,79402,79405,79412,79418],{},[142,79400,79401],{},"What values are in the list",[142,79403,79404],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[142,79406,79407,79408,2049,79410],{},"That ",[15,79409,63974],{},[15,79411,3439],{},[142,79413,79414,79415,79417],{},"Whether ",[15,79416,74087],{}," works better for your case",[142,79419,79420],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79422,79423,79424,79426],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79425,2662],{}," problems.",[30,79428,1478],{"id":1477},[267,79430,1482,79432,55130],{"id":79431},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79433,77530],{},[20,79435,62266,79436,81],{},[15,79437,3439],{},[267,79439,4842,79441,4057,79443,1520],{"id":79440},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79442,63974],{},[15,79444,74087],{},[20,79446,79447,79449,79450,79452],{},[15,79448,63974],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79451,74087],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[267,79454,79456],{"id":79455},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79458,18361],{},[35,79460,79462],{"className":37,"code":79461,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79463,79464],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79465,79466,79468,79470,79472,79474,79476,79478,79480],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79467,8000],{"class":50},[44,79469,81],{"class":80},[44,79471,34462],{"class":84},[44,79473,98],{"class":80},[44,79475,73240],{"class":8835},[44,79477,55],{"class":54},[44,79479,3263],{"class":3513},[44,79481,104],{"class":80},[267,79483,79485],{"id":79484},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79487,18361],{},[35,79489,79491],{"className":37,"code":79490,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79492,79493],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79494,79495,79497,79499,79501,79503,79505,79507,79509,79511,79513],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79496,8000],{"class":50},[44,79498,81],{"class":80},[44,79500,34462],{"class":84},[44,79502,98],{"class":80},[44,79504,14504],{"class":8835},[44,79506,55],{"class":54},[44,79508,1462],{"class":1461},[44,79510,81],{"class":80},[44,79512,8300],{"class":1467},[44,79514,104],{"class":80},[20,79516,79517],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[267,79519,79521,79522,79524],{"id":79520},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79523,2662],{}," when sorting?",[20,79526,79527],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[30,79529,1545],{"id":1544},[139,79531,79532,79537,79543,79547],{},[142,79533,79534],{},[243,79535,79536],{"href":78039},"How to sort a list in Python",[142,79538,79539],{},[243,79540,3234,79541,5448],{"href":74184},[15,79542,74087],{},[142,79544,79545],{},[243,79546,66740],{"href":50641},[142,79548,79549],{},[243,79550,78789],{"href":78788},[1577,79552,79553],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":79555},[79556,79557,79559,79560,79561,79562,79564,79566,79577,79587],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":77596,"depth":69,"text":79558},"What list.sort() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":77851,"depth":69,"text":77852},{"id":78043,"depth":69,"text":78044},{"id":78365,"depth":69,"text":79563},"Using the key argument",{"id":78630,"depth":69,"text":79565},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238,"children":79567},[79568,79570,79571,79573,79575,79576],{"id":78799,"depth":91,"text":79569},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":78908,"depth":91,"text":78909},{"id":78960,"depth":91,"text":79572},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79114,"depth":91,"text":79574},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79201,"depth":91,"text":79202},{"id":60372,"depth":91,"text":60373},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":79578},[79579,79581,79583,79584,79585],{"id":79431,"depth":91,"text":79580},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79440,"depth":91,"text":79582},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79455,"depth":91,"text":79456},{"id":79484,"depth":91,"text":79485},{"id":79520,"depth":91,"text":79586},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77518,"description":79588},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79595,"title":79596,"body":79597,"description":82228,"extension":1611,"meta":82229,"navigation":184,"path":82230,"seo":82231,"stem":82232,"__hash__":82233},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79598,"toc":82187},[79599,79604,79609,79612,79623,79626,79646,79648,79710,79712,79753,79762,79767,79772,79778,79789,79791,79810,79813,79818,79823,79825,79830,79844,79846,79864,79867,79884,79887,79893,79916,79921,79923,79926,79987,79989,80022,80024,80063,80071,80081,80087,80092,80185,80187,80211,80213,80231,80234,80265,80271,80276,80279,80281,80406,80408,80432,80434,80453,80459,80465,80584,80586,80603,80610,80616,80621,80628,80634,80636,80693,80696,80717,80720,80723,80784,80786,80819,80823,80893,80895,80912,80916,80919,80994,80996,81033,81036,81039,81110,81112,81173,81178,81183,81186,81200,81202,81275,81277,81297,81300,81303,81360,81422,81425,81457,81460,81475,81480,81482,81488,81491,81547,81550,81552,81571,81575,81577,81621,81630,81632,81692,81696,81699,81701,81794,81796,81911,81915,81917,81991,81994,81997,81999,82004,82069,82071,82095,82105,82107,82113,82122,82131,82140,82146,82149,82153,82156,82158,82184],[10,79600,3234,79602,3238],{"id":79601},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79603,39383],{},[20,79605,3241,79606,79608],{},[15,79607,39383],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79610,79611],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[139,79613,79614,79617,79620],{},[142,79615,79616],{},"converting numbers to strings",[142,79618,79619],{},"changing strings to integers",[142,79621,79622],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,79624,79625],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[139,79627,79628,79635,79641],{},[142,79629,79630,828,79632,79634],{},[15,79631,39383],{},[830,79633,832],{}," return a list in Python 3",[142,79636,79637,79638],{},"it returns a ",[830,79639,79640],{},"map object",[142,79642,79643,79644],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,79645,24448],{},[30,79647,1653],{"id":1652},[35,79649,79651],{"className":37,"code":79650,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79652,79653,79677,79696],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79654,79655,79657,79659,79661,79663,79665,79667,79669,79671,79673,79675],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79656,3276],{"class":50},[44,79658,55],{"class":54},[44,79660,3281],{"class":80},[44,79662,2643],{"class":1675},[44,79664,2646],{"class":80},[44,79666,2649],{"class":1675},[44,79668,2646],{"class":80},[44,79670,2104],{"class":1675},[44,79672,2646],{"class":80},[44,79674,2110],{"class":1675},[44,79676,3294],{"class":80},[44,79678,79679,79681,79683,79686,79688,79690,79692,79694],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,79680,1880],{"class":50},[44,79682,55],{"class":54},[44,79684,79685],{"class":94}," map",[44,79687,98],{"class":80},[44,79689,1462],{"class":1461},[44,79691,2646],{"class":80},[44,79693,3926],{"class":84},[44,79695,104],{"class":80},[44,79697,79698,79700,79702,79704,79706,79708],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,79699,95],{"class":94},[44,79701,98],{"class":80},[44,79703,7754],{"class":1461},[44,79705,98],{"class":80},[44,79707,1915],{"class":84},[44,79709,370],{"class":80},[20,79711,107],{},[35,79713,79715],{"className":37,"code":79714,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,79716,79717],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79718,79719,79721,79723,79725,79727,79729,79731,79733,79735,79737,79739,79741,79743,79745,79747,79749,79751],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79720,3561],{"class":80},[44,79722,655],{"class":58},[44,79724,2643],{"class":62},[44,79726,655],{"class":58},[44,79728,2646],{"class":80},[44,79730,2955],{"class":58},[44,79732,1708],{"class":62},[44,79734,655],{"class":58},[44,79736,2646],{"class":80},[44,79738,2955],{"class":58},[44,79740,1714],{"class":62},[44,79742,655],{"class":58},[44,79744,2646],{"class":80},[44,79746,2955],{"class":58},[44,79748,2158],{"class":62},[44,79750,655],{"class":58},[44,79752,3294],{"class":80},[20,79754,119,79755,79758,79759,79761],{},[15,79756,79757],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,79760,24448],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[30,79763,126,79765,129],{"id":79764},"what-map-does",[15,79766,39383],{},[20,79768,79769,79771],{},[15,79770,39383],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79773,79774,79775,79777],{},"An ",[830,79776,3381],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[139,79779,79780,79782,79784,79786],{},[142,79781,37567],{},[142,79783,37570],{},[142,79785,37573],{},[142,79787,79788],{},"a range object",[20,79790,30393],{},[35,79792,79794],{"className":37,"code":79793,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,79795,79796],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79797,79798,79800,79802,79804,79806,79808],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79799,39526],{"class":94},[44,79801,98],{"class":80},[44,79803,37526],{"class":84},[44,79805,2646],{"class":80},[44,79807,37531],{"class":84},[44,79809,104],{"class":80},[20,79811,79812],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,79814,79815,79816,33408],{},"Important: the result is a ",[830,79817,79640],{},[20,79819,79820,79821,81],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[243,79822,4799],{"href":4798},[30,79824,250],{"id":249},[20,79826,79827,79829],{},[15,79828,39383],{}," needs at least two parts:",[139,79831,79832,79838],{},[142,79833,79834,79837],{},[830,79835,79836],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[142,79839,79840,79843],{},[830,79841,79842],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,79845,3366],{},[35,79847,79848],{"className":37,"code":79793,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,79849,79850],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79851,79852,79854,79856,79858,79860,79862],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79853,39526],{"class":94},[44,79855,98],{"class":80},[44,79857,37526],{"class":84},[44,79859,2646],{"class":80},[44,79861,37531],{"class":84},[44,79863,104],{"class":80},[20,79865,79866],{},"You can pass:",[139,79868,79869,79878,79881],{},[142,79870,79871,79872,839,79874,843,79876],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,79873,1462],{},[15,79875,1840],{},[15,79877,1667],{},[142,79879,79880],{},"your own custom function",[142,79882,79883],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,79885,79886],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,79888,79889,79890,79892],{},"You will often see ",[15,79891,39383],{}," used like this:",[35,79894,79896],{"className":37,"code":79895,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,79897,79898],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79899,79900,79902,79904,79906,79908,79910,79912,79914],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79901,7754],{"class":1461},[44,79903,98],{"class":80},[44,79905,39526],{"class":94},[44,79907,98],{"class":80},[44,79909,37526],{"class":84},[44,79911,2646],{"class":80},[44,79913,420],{"class":84},[44,79915,370],{"class":80},[20,79917,6340,79918,79920],{},[15,79919,24448],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[30,79922,11136],{"id":11135},[20,79924,79925],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[35,79927,79929],{"className":37,"code":79928,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79930,79931,79951,79969,79973],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79932,79933,79935,79937,79939,79941,79943,79945,79947,79949],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79934,3276],{"class":50},[44,79936,55],{"class":54},[44,79938,3281],{"class":80},[44,79940,1982],{"class":1675},[44,79942,2646],{"class":80},[44,79944,7452],{"class":1675},[44,79946,2646],{"class":80},[44,79948,7457],{"class":1675},[44,79950,3294],{"class":80},[44,79952,79953,79955,79957,79959,79961,79963,79965,79967],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,79954,1880],{"class":50},[44,79956,55],{"class":54},[44,79958,79685],{"class":94},[44,79960,98],{"class":80},[44,79962,1462],{"class":1461},[44,79964,2646],{"class":80},[44,79966,3926],{"class":84},[44,79968,104],{"class":80},[44,79970,79971],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,79972,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,79974,79975,79977,79979,79981,79983,79985],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,79976,95],{"class":94},[44,79978,98],{"class":80},[44,79980,7754],{"class":1461},[44,79982,98],{"class":80},[44,79984,1915],{"class":84},[44,79986,370],{"class":80},[20,79988,107],{},[35,79990,79992],{"className":37,"code":79991,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,79993,79994],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79995,79996,79998,80000,80002,80004,80006,80008,80010,80012,80014,80016,80018,80020],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79997,3561],{"class":80},[44,79999,655],{"class":58},[44,80001,1982],{"class":62},[44,80003,655],{"class":58},[44,80005,2646],{"class":80},[44,80007,2955],{"class":58},[44,80009,15418],{"class":62},[44,80011,655],{"class":58},[44,80013,2646],{"class":80},[44,80015,2955],{"class":58},[44,80017,36506],{"class":62},[44,80019,655],{"class":58},[44,80021,3294],{"class":80},[20,80023,11345],{},[139,80025,80026,80031,80039,80047,80055],{},[142,80027,80028,80030],{},[15,80029,3308],{}," contains integers",[142,80032,80033,80036,80037],{},[15,80034,80035],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80038,47346],{},[142,80040,80041,41819,80044],{},[15,80042,80043],{},"str(10)",[15,80045,80046],{},"'10'",[142,80048,80049,41819,80052],{},[15,80050,80051],{},"str(20)",[15,80053,80054],{},"'20'",[142,80056,80057,41819,80060],{},[15,80058,80059],{},"str(30)",[15,80061,80062],{},"'30'",[20,80064,1114,80065,80067,80068,80070],{},[15,80066,39383],{}," applies ",[15,80069,47346],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80072,80073,80074,80076,80077,81],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80075,24448],{}," better, see ",[243,80078,3234,80079,3167],{"href":64510},[15,80080,24448],{},[30,80082,675,80084,80086],{"id":80083},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80085,39383],{}," with your own function",[20,80088,15378,80089,80091],{},[15,80090,39383],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[35,80093,80095],{"className":37,"code":80094,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80096,80097,80110,80120,80124,80148,80167,80171],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80098,80099,80101,80104,80106,80108],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80100,34514],{"class":1717},[44,80102,80103],{"class":34517}," double",[44,80105,98],{"class":80},[44,80107,1110],{"class":37328},[44,80109,8003],{"class":80},[44,80111,80112,80114,80116,80118],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,80113,34525],{"class":524},[44,80115,3541],{"class":50},[44,80117,39539],{"class":54},[44,80119,45252],{"class":1675},[44,80121,80122],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,80123,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,80125,80126,80128,80130,80132,80134,80136,80138,80140,80142,80144,80146],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,80127,3276],{"class":50},[44,80129,55],{"class":54},[44,80131,3281],{"class":80},[44,80133,2643],{"class":1675},[44,80135,2646],{"class":80},[44,80137,2649],{"class":1675},[44,80139,2646],{"class":80},[44,80141,2104],{"class":1675},[44,80143,2646],{"class":80},[44,80145,2110],{"class":1675},[44,80147,3294],{"class":80},[44,80149,80150,80152,80154,80156,80158,80161,80163,80165],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,80151,1880],{"class":50},[44,80153,55],{"class":54},[44,80155,79685],{"class":94},[44,80157,98],{"class":80},[44,80159,80160],{"class":84},"double",[44,80162,2646],{"class":80},[44,80164,3926],{"class":84},[44,80166,104],{"class":80},[44,80168,80169],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,80170,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,80172,80173,80175,80177,80179,80181,80183],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,80174,95],{"class":94},[44,80176,98],{"class":80},[44,80178,7754],{"class":1461},[44,80180,98],{"class":80},[44,80182,1915],{"class":84},[44,80184,370],{"class":80},[20,80186,107],{},[35,80188,80189],{"className":37,"code":39552,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,80190,80191],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80192,80193,80195,80197,80199,80201,80203,80205,80207,80209],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80194,3561],{"class":80},[44,80196,1708],{"class":1675},[44,80198,2646],{"class":80},[44,80200,2110],{"class":1675},[44,80202,2646],{"class":80},[44,80204,37309],{"class":1675},[44,80206,2646],{"class":80},[44,80208,6024],{"class":1675},[44,80210,3294],{"class":80},[20,80212,65247],{},[139,80214,80215,80222,80228],{},[142,80216,80217,80219,80220],{},[15,80218,39383],{}," takes the function ",[15,80221,80160],{},[142,80223,80224,80225,80227],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80226,3308],{}," into that function",[142,80229,80230],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80232,80233],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[139,80235,80236,80243,80250,80258],{},[142,80237,80238,5738,80241],{},[15,80239,80240],{},"double(1)",[15,80242,1708],{},[142,80244,80245,5738,80248],{},[15,80246,80247],{},"double(2)",[15,80249,2158],{},[142,80251,80252,5738,80255],{},[15,80253,80254],{},"double(3)",[15,80256,80257],{},"6",[142,80259,80260,5738,80263],{},[15,80261,80262],{},"double(4)",[15,80264,1997],{},[30,80266,675,80268,80270],{"id":80267},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80269,39383],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80272,80273,80275],{},[15,80274,39383],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80277,80278],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80280,161],{},[35,80282,80284],{"className":37,"code":80283,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80285,80286,80303,80313,80317,80338,80359,80363,80388,80392],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80287,80288,80290,80293,80295,80297,80299,80301],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80289,34514],{"class":1717},[44,80291,80292],{"class":34517}," add_numbers",[44,80294,98],{"class":80},[44,80296,243],{"class":37328},[44,80298,2646],{"class":80},[44,80300,2213],{"class":37328},[44,80302,8003],{"class":80},[44,80304,80305,80307,80309,80311],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,80306,34525],{"class":524},[44,80308,44207],{"class":50},[44,80310,1711],{"class":54},[44,80312,35847],{"class":50},[44,80314,80315],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,80316,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,80318,80319,80322,80324,80326,80328,80330,80332,80334,80336],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,80320,80321],{"class":50},"list1 ",[44,80323,55],{"class":54},[44,80325,3281],{"class":80},[44,80327,2643],{"class":1675},[44,80329,2646],{"class":80},[44,80331,2649],{"class":1675},[44,80333,2646],{"class":80},[44,80335,2104],{"class":1675},[44,80337,3294],{"class":80},[44,80339,80340,80343,80345,80347,80349,80351,80353,80355,80357],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,80341,80342],{"class":50},"list2 ",[44,80344,55],{"class":54},[44,80346,3281],{"class":80},[44,80348,1982],{"class":1675},[44,80350,2646],{"class":80},[44,80352,7452],{"class":1675},[44,80354,2646],{"class":80},[44,80356,7457],{"class":1675},[44,80358,3294],{"class":80},[44,80360,80361],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,80362,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,80364,80365,80367,80369,80371,80373,80376,80378,80381,80383,80386],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,80366,1880],{"class":50},[44,80368,55],{"class":54},[44,80370,79685],{"class":94},[44,80372,98],{"class":80},[44,80374,80375],{"class":84},"add_numbers",[44,80377,2646],{"class":80},[44,80379,80380],{"class":84}," list1",[44,80382,2646],{"class":80},[44,80384,80385],{"class":84}," list2",[44,80387,104],{"class":80},[44,80389,80390],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,80391,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,80393,80394,80396,80398,80400,80402,80404],{"class":46,"line":6095},[44,80395,95],{"class":94},[44,80397,98],{"class":80},[44,80399,7754],{"class":1461},[44,80401,98],{"class":80},[44,80403,1915],{"class":84},[44,80405,370],{"class":80},[20,80407,107],{},[35,80409,80411],{"className":37,"code":80410,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80412,80413],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80414,80415,80417,80420,80422,80425,80427,80430],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80416,3561],{"class":80},[44,80418,80419],{"class":1675},"11",[44,80421,2646],{"class":80},[44,80423,80424],{"class":1675}," 22",[44,80426,2646],{"class":80},[44,80428,80429],{"class":1675}," 33",[44,80431,3294],{"class":80},[20,80433,1830],{},[139,80435,80436,80442,80448],{},[142,80437,80438,80439],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80440,80441],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[142,80443,80444,80445],{},"then ",[15,80446,80447],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[142,80449,80444,80450],{},[15,80451,80452],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[267,80454,80456,80458],{"id":80455},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80457,39383],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80460,80461,80462,80464],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80463,39383],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[35,80466,80468],{"className":37,"code":80467,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80469,80470,80486,80496,80500,80524,80540,80544,80566,80570],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80471,80472,80474,80476,80478,80480,80482,80484],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80473,34514],{"class":1717},[44,80475,80292],{"class":34517},[44,80477,98],{"class":80},[44,80479,243],{"class":37328},[44,80481,2646],{"class":80},[44,80483,2213],{"class":37328},[44,80485,8003],{"class":80},[44,80487,80488,80490,80492,80494],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,80489,34525],{"class":524},[44,80491,44207],{"class":50},[44,80493,1711],{"class":54},[44,80495,35847],{"class":50},[44,80497,80498],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,80499,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,80501,80502,80504,80506,80508,80510,80512,80514,80516,80518,80520,80522],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,80503,80321],{"class":50},[44,80505,55],{"class":54},[44,80507,3281],{"class":80},[44,80509,2643],{"class":1675},[44,80511,2646],{"class":80},[44,80513,2649],{"class":1675},[44,80515,2646],{"class":80},[44,80517,2104],{"class":1675},[44,80519,2646],{"class":80},[44,80521,2110],{"class":1675},[44,80523,3294],{"class":80},[44,80525,80526,80528,80530,80532,80534,80536,80538],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,80527,80342],{"class":50},[44,80529,55],{"class":54},[44,80531,3281],{"class":80},[44,80533,1982],{"class":1675},[44,80535,2646],{"class":80},[44,80537,7452],{"class":1675},[44,80539,3294],{"class":80},[44,80541,80542],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,80543,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,80545,80546,80548,80550,80552,80554,80556,80558,80560,80562,80564],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,80547,1880],{"class":50},[44,80549,55],{"class":54},[44,80551,79685],{"class":94},[44,80553,98],{"class":80},[44,80555,80375],{"class":84},[44,80557,2646],{"class":80},[44,80559,80380],{"class":84},[44,80561,2646],{"class":80},[44,80563,80385],{"class":84},[44,80565,104],{"class":80},[44,80567,80568],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,80569,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,80571,80572,80574,80576,80578,80580,80582],{"class":46,"line":6095},[44,80573,95],{"class":94},[44,80575,98],{"class":80},[44,80577,7754],{"class":1461},[44,80579,98],{"class":80},[44,80581,1915],{"class":84},[44,80583,370],{"class":80},[20,80585,107],{},[35,80587,80589],{"className":37,"code":80588,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80590,80591],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80592,80593,80595,80597,80599,80601],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80594,3561],{"class":80},[44,80596,80419],{"class":1675},[44,80598,2646],{"class":80},[44,80600,80424],{"class":1675},[44,80602,3294],{"class":80},[20,80604,80605,80606,80609],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80607,80608],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[30,80611,80613,80615],{"id":80612},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80614,39383],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,80617,37689,80618,80620],{},[15,80619,39383],{}," returns a map object.",[20,80622,80623,80624,80627],{},"This object is ",[830,80625,80626],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[267,80629,2142,80631,80633],{"id":80630},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,80632,32693],{}," looks strange",[20,80635,33309],{},[35,80637,80639],{"className":37,"code":80638,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,80640,80641,80661,80679,80683],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80642,80643,80645,80647,80649,80651,80653,80655,80657,80659],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80644,3276],{"class":50},[44,80646,55],{"class":54},[44,80648,3281],{"class":80},[44,80650,2643],{"class":1675},[44,80652,2646],{"class":80},[44,80654,2649],{"class":1675},[44,80656,2646],{"class":80},[44,80658,2104],{"class":1675},[44,80660,3294],{"class":80},[44,80662,80663,80665,80667,80669,80671,80673,80675,80677],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,80664,1880],{"class":50},[44,80666,55],{"class":54},[44,80668,79685],{"class":94},[44,80670,98],{"class":80},[44,80672,1462],{"class":1461},[44,80674,2646],{"class":80},[44,80676,3926],{"class":84},[44,80678,104],{"class":80},[44,80680,80681],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,80682,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,80684,80685,80687,80689,80691],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,80686,95],{"class":94},[44,80688,98],{"class":80},[44,80690,1915],{"class":84},[44,80692,104],{"class":80},[20,80694,80695],{},"Output will look something like this:",[35,80697,80699],{"className":37,"code":80698,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,80700,80701],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80702,80703,80705,80707,80709,80711,80713,80715],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80704,2949],{"class":54},[44,80706,39526],{"class":94},[44,80708,24285],{"class":1461},[44,80710,37029],{"class":50},[44,80712,37033],{"class":37032},[44,80714,37036],{"class":605},[44,80716,2962],{"class":54},[20,80718,80719],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,80721,80722],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[35,80724,80726],{"className":37,"code":80725,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80727,80728,80748,80766,80770],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80729,80730,80732,80734,80736,80738,80740,80742,80744,80746],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80731,3276],{"class":50},[44,80733,55],{"class":54},[44,80735,3281],{"class":80},[44,80737,2643],{"class":1675},[44,80739,2646],{"class":80},[44,80741,2649],{"class":1675},[44,80743,2646],{"class":80},[44,80745,2104],{"class":1675},[44,80747,3294],{"class":80},[44,80749,80750,80752,80754,80756,80758,80760,80762,80764],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,80751,1880],{"class":50},[44,80753,55],{"class":54},[44,80755,79685],{"class":94},[44,80757,98],{"class":80},[44,80759,1462],{"class":1461},[44,80761,2646],{"class":80},[44,80763,3926],{"class":84},[44,80765,104],{"class":80},[44,80767,80768],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,80769,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,80771,80772,80774,80776,80778,80780,80782],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,80773,95],{"class":94},[44,80775,98],{"class":80},[44,80777,7754],{"class":1461},[44,80779,98],{"class":80},[44,80781,1915],{"class":84},[44,80783,370],{"class":80},[20,80785,107],{},[35,80787,80789],{"className":37,"code":80788,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80790,80791],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80792,80793,80795,80797,80799,80801,80803,80805,80807,80809,80811,80813,80815,80817],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80794,3561],{"class":80},[44,80796,655],{"class":58},[44,80798,2643],{"class":62},[44,80800,655],{"class":58},[44,80802,2646],{"class":80},[44,80804,2955],{"class":58},[44,80806,1708],{"class":62},[44,80808,655],{"class":58},[44,80810,2646],{"class":80},[44,80812,2955],{"class":58},[44,80814,1714],{"class":62},[44,80816,655],{"class":58},[44,80818,3294],{"class":80},[267,80820,80822],{"id":80821},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[35,80824,80826],{"className":37,"code":80825,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,80827,80828,80848,80866,80870,80883],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80829,80830,80832,80834,80836,80838,80840,80842,80844,80846],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80831,3276],{"class":50},[44,80833,55],{"class":54},[44,80835,3281],{"class":80},[44,80837,2643],{"class":1675},[44,80839,2646],{"class":80},[44,80841,2649],{"class":1675},[44,80843,2646],{"class":80},[44,80845,2104],{"class":1675},[44,80847,3294],{"class":80},[44,80849,80850,80852,80854,80856,80858,80860,80862,80864],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,80851,1880],{"class":50},[44,80853,55],{"class":54},[44,80855,79685],{"class":94},[44,80857,98],{"class":80},[44,80859,1462],{"class":1461},[44,80861,2646],{"class":80},[44,80863,3926],{"class":84},[44,80865,104],{"class":80},[44,80867,80868],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,80869,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,80871,80872,80874,80876,80878,80881],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,80873,5623],{"class":524},[44,80875,5626],{"class":50},[44,80877,3544],{"class":524},[44,80879,80880],{"class":50}," result",[44,80882,548],{"class":80},[44,80884,80885,80887,80889,80891],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,80886,553],{"class":94},[44,80888,98],{"class":80},[44,80890,22978],{"class":84},[44,80892,104],{"class":80},[20,80894,107],{},[35,80896,80898],{"className":37,"code":80897,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,80899,80900,80904,80908],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80901,80902],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80903,46579],{"class":1675},[44,80905,80906],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,80907,16721],{"class":1675},[44,80909,80910],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,80911,46279],{"class":1675},[267,80913,80915],{"id":80914},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,80917,80918],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[35,80920,80922],{"className":37,"code":80921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80923,80924,80944,80962,80966,80980],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80925,80926,80928,80930,80932,80934,80936,80938,80940,80942],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80927,3276],{"class":50},[44,80929,55],{"class":54},[44,80931,3281],{"class":80},[44,80933,2643],{"class":1675},[44,80935,2646],{"class":80},[44,80937,2649],{"class":1675},[44,80939,2646],{"class":80},[44,80941,2104],{"class":1675},[44,80943,3294],{"class":80},[44,80945,80946,80948,80950,80952,80954,80956,80958,80960],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,80947,1880],{"class":50},[44,80949,55],{"class":54},[44,80951,79685],{"class":94},[44,80953,98],{"class":80},[44,80955,1462],{"class":1461},[44,80957,2646],{"class":80},[44,80959,3926],{"class":84},[44,80961,104],{"class":80},[44,80963,80964],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,80965,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,80967,80968,80970,80972,80974,80976,80978],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,80969,95],{"class":94},[44,80971,98],{"class":80},[44,80973,7754],{"class":1461},[44,80975,98],{"class":80},[44,80977,1915],{"class":84},[44,80979,370],{"class":80},[44,80981,80982,80984,80986,80988,80990,80992],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,80983,95],{"class":94},[44,80985,98],{"class":80},[44,80987,7754],{"class":1461},[44,80989,98],{"class":80},[44,80991,1915],{"class":84},[44,80993,370],{"class":80},[20,80995,107],{},[35,80997,80999],{"className":37,"code":80998,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81000,81001,81029],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81002,81003,81005,81007,81009,81011,81013,81015,81017,81019,81021,81023,81025,81027],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81004,3561],{"class":80},[44,81006,655],{"class":58},[44,81008,2643],{"class":62},[44,81010,655],{"class":58},[44,81012,2646],{"class":80},[44,81014,2955],{"class":58},[44,81016,1708],{"class":62},[44,81018,655],{"class":58},[44,81020,2646],{"class":80},[44,81022,2955],{"class":58},[44,81024,1714],{"class":62},[44,81026,655],{"class":58},[44,81028,3294],{"class":80},[44,81030,81031],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,81032,37963],{"class":80},[20,81034,81035],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81037,81038],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[35,81040,81042],{"className":37,"code":81041,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81043,81044,81064,81086,81090,81100],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81045,81046,81048,81050,81052,81054,81056,81058,81060,81062],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81047,3276],{"class":50},[44,81049,55],{"class":54},[44,81051,3281],{"class":80},[44,81053,2643],{"class":1675},[44,81055,2646],{"class":80},[44,81057,2649],{"class":1675},[44,81059,2646],{"class":80},[44,81061,2104],{"class":1675},[44,81063,3294],{"class":80},[44,81065,81066,81068,81070,81072,81074,81076,81078,81080,81082,81084],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,81067,1880],{"class":50},[44,81069,55],{"class":54},[44,81071,22227],{"class":1461},[44,81073,98],{"class":80},[44,81075,39526],{"class":94},[44,81077,98],{"class":80},[44,81079,1462],{"class":1461},[44,81081,2646],{"class":80},[44,81083,3926],{"class":84},[44,81085,370],{"class":80},[44,81087,81088],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,81089,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,81091,81092,81094,81096,81098],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,81093,95],{"class":94},[44,81095,98],{"class":80},[44,81097,1915],{"class":84},[44,81099,104],{"class":80},[44,81101,81102,81104,81106,81108],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,81103,95],{"class":94},[44,81105,98],{"class":80},[44,81107,1915],{"class":84},[44,81109,104],{"class":80},[20,81111,107],{},[35,81113,81115],{"className":37,"code":81114,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81116,81117,81145],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81118,81119,81121,81123,81125,81127,81129,81131,81133,81135,81137,81139,81141,81143],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81120,3561],{"class":80},[44,81122,655],{"class":58},[44,81124,2643],{"class":62},[44,81126,655],{"class":58},[44,81128,2646],{"class":80},[44,81130,2955],{"class":58},[44,81132,1708],{"class":62},[44,81134,655],{"class":58},[44,81136,2646],{"class":80},[44,81138,2955],{"class":58},[44,81140,1714],{"class":62},[44,81142,655],{"class":58},[44,81144,3294],{"class":80},[44,81146,81147,81149,81151,81153,81155,81157,81159,81161,81163,81165,81167,81169,81171],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,81148,3561],{"class":80},[44,81150,655],{"class":58},[44,81152,2643],{"class":62},[44,81154,655],{"class":58},[44,81156,2646],{"class":80},[44,81158,2955],{"class":58},[44,81160,1708],{"class":62},[44,81162,655],{"class":58},[44,81164,2646],{"class":80},[44,81166,2955],{"class":58},[44,81168,1714],{"class":62},[44,81170,655],{"class":58},[44,81172,3294],{"class":80},[30,81174,1133,81176],{"id":81175},"when-to-use-map",[15,81177,39383],{},[20,81179,81180,81182],{},[15,81181,39383],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81184,81185],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[139,81187,81188,81192,81196],{},[142,81189,81190],{},[15,81191,1462],{},[142,81193,81194],{},[15,81195,1840],{},[142,81197,81198],{},[15,81199,1667],{},[20,81201,161],{},[35,81203,81205],{"className":37,"code":81204,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81206,81207,81239,81261,81265],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81208,81209,81211,81213,81215,81217,81219,81221,81223,81225,81227,81229,81231,81233,81235,81237],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81210,3484],{"class":50},[44,81212,55],{"class":54},[44,81214,3281],{"class":80},[44,81216,655],{"class":58},[44,81218,2643],{"class":62},[44,81220,655],{"class":58},[44,81222,2646],{"class":80},[44,81224,2955],{"class":58},[44,81226,1708],{"class":62},[44,81228,655],{"class":58},[44,81230,2646],{"class":80},[44,81232,2955],{"class":58},[44,81234,1714],{"class":62},[44,81236,655],{"class":58},[44,81238,3294],{"class":80},[44,81240,81241,81243,81245,81247,81249,81251,81253,81255,81257,81259],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,81242,3276],{"class":50},[44,81244,55],{"class":54},[44,81246,22227],{"class":1461},[44,81248,98],{"class":80},[44,81250,39526],{"class":94},[44,81252,98],{"class":80},[44,81254,1840],{"class":1461},[44,81256,2646],{"class":80},[44,81258,420],{"class":84},[44,81260,370],{"class":80},[44,81262,81263],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,81264,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,81266,81267,81269,81271,81273],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,81268,95],{"class":94},[44,81270,98],{"class":80},[44,81272,3308],{"class":84},[44,81274,104],{"class":80},[20,81276,107],{},[35,81278,81279],{"className":37,"code":54811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,81280,81281],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81282,81283,81285,81287,81289,81291,81293,81295],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81284,3561],{"class":80},[44,81286,2643],{"class":1675},[44,81288,2646],{"class":80},[44,81290,2649],{"class":1675},[44,81292,2646],{"class":80},[44,81294,2104],{"class":1675},[44,81296,3294],{"class":80},[20,81298,81299],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81301,81302],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[35,81304,81306],{"className":37,"code":81305,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81307,81308,81328,81350],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81309,81310,81312,81314,81316,81318,81320,81322,81324,81326],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81311,3276],{"class":50},[44,81313,55],{"class":54},[44,81315,3281],{"class":80},[44,81317,2643],{"class":1675},[44,81319,2646],{"class":80},[44,81321,2649],{"class":1675},[44,81323,2646],{"class":80},[44,81325,2104],{"class":1675},[44,81327,3294],{"class":80},[44,81329,81330,81332,81334,81336,81338,81340,81342,81344,81346,81348],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,81331,1880],{"class":50},[44,81333,55],{"class":54},[44,81335,22227],{"class":1461},[44,81337,98],{"class":80},[44,81339,39526],{"class":94},[44,81341,98],{"class":80},[44,81343,1462],{"class":1461},[44,81345,2646],{"class":80},[44,81347,3926],{"class":84},[44,81349,370],{"class":80},[44,81351,81352,81354,81356,81358],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,81353,95],{"class":94},[44,81355,98],{"class":80},[44,81357,1915],{"class":84},[44,81359,104],{"class":80},[35,81361,81363],{"className":37,"code":81362,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81364,81365,81385,81412],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81366,81367,81369,81371,81373,81375,81377,81379,81381,81383],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81368,3276],{"class":50},[44,81370,55],{"class":54},[44,81372,3281],{"class":80},[44,81374,2643],{"class":1675},[44,81376,2646],{"class":80},[44,81378,2649],{"class":1675},[44,81380,2646],{"class":80},[44,81382,2104],{"class":1675},[44,81384,3294],{"class":80},[44,81386,81387,81389,81391,81393,81395,81397,81399,81401,81403,81406,81408,81410],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,81388,1880],{"class":50},[44,81390,55],{"class":54},[44,81392,3281],{"class":80},[44,81394,1462],{"class":1461},[44,81396,98],{"class":80},[44,81398,75693],{"class":84},[44,81400,3321],{"class":80},[44,81402,3538],{"class":524},[44,81404,81405],{"class":50}," n ",[44,81407,3544],{"class":524},[44,81409,3926],{"class":50},[44,81411,3294],{"class":80},[44,81413,81414,81416,81418,81420],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,81415,95],{"class":94},[44,81417,98],{"class":80},[44,81419,1915],{"class":84},[44,81421,104],{"class":80},[20,81423,81424],{},"Both produce:",[35,81426,81427],{"className":37,"code":80788,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,81428,81429],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81430,81431,81433,81435,81437,81439,81441,81443,81445,81447,81449,81451,81453,81455],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81432,3561],{"class":80},[44,81434,655],{"class":58},[44,81436,2643],{"class":62},[44,81438,655],{"class":58},[44,81440,2646],{"class":80},[44,81442,2955],{"class":58},[44,81444,1708],{"class":62},[44,81446,655],{"class":58},[44,81448,2646],{"class":80},[44,81450,2955],{"class":58},[44,81452,1714],{"class":62},[44,81454,655],{"class":58},[44,81456,3294],{"class":80},[20,81458,81459],{},"A simple rule:",[139,81461,81462,81467,81472],{},[142,81463,39657,81464,81466],{},[15,81465,39383],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[142,81468,39663,81469,81471],{},[15,81470,5623],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[142,81473,81474],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81476,81477,81478,81],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[243,81479,4056],{"href":4055},[30,81481,4183],{"id":4182},[267,81483,81485,81486],{"id":81484},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81487,24448],{},[20,81489,81490],{},"This is very common:",[35,81492,81493],{"className":37,"code":80638,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,81494,81495,81515,81533,81537],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81496,81497,81499,81501,81503,81505,81507,81509,81511,81513],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81498,3276],{"class":50},[44,81500,55],{"class":54},[44,81502,3281],{"class":80},[44,81504,2643],{"class":1675},[44,81506,2646],{"class":80},[44,81508,2649],{"class":1675},[44,81510,2646],{"class":80},[44,81512,2104],{"class":1675},[44,81514,3294],{"class":80},[44,81516,81517,81519,81521,81523,81525,81527,81529,81531],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,81518,1880],{"class":50},[44,81520,55],{"class":54},[44,81522,79685],{"class":94},[44,81524,98],{"class":80},[44,81526,1462],{"class":1461},[44,81528,2646],{"class":80},[44,81530,3926],{"class":84},[44,81532,104],{"class":80},[44,81534,81535],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,81536,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,81538,81539,81541,81543,81545],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,81540,95],{"class":94},[44,81542,98],{"class":80},[44,81544,1915],{"class":84},[44,81546,104],{"class":80},[20,81548,81549],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81551,38928],{},[35,81553,81555],{"className":37,"code":81554,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81556,81557],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81558,81559,81561,81563,81565,81567,81569],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81560,95],{"class":94},[44,81562,98],{"class":80},[44,81564,7754],{"class":1461},[44,81566,98],{"class":80},[44,81568,1915],{"class":84},[44,81570,370],{"class":80},[267,81572,81574],{"id":81573},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81576,16308],{},[35,81578,81580],{"className":37,"code":81579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81581,81582,81602],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81583,81584,81586,81588,81590,81592,81594,81596,81598,81600],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81585,3276],{"class":50},[44,81587,55],{"class":54},[44,81589,3281],{"class":80},[44,81591,2643],{"class":1675},[44,81593,2646],{"class":80},[44,81595,2649],{"class":1675},[44,81597,2646],{"class":80},[44,81599,2104],{"class":1675},[44,81601,3294],{"class":80},[44,81603,81604,81606,81608,81610,81612,81614,81617,81619],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,81605,1880],{"class":50},[44,81607,55],{"class":54},[44,81609,79685],{"class":94},[44,81611,98],{"class":80},[44,81613,1462],{"class":1461},[44,81615,81616],{"class":80},"(),",[44,81618,3926],{"class":84},[44,81620,104],{"class":80},[20,81622,81623,81624,81626,81627,81629],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,81625,47346],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,81628,39383],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,81631,16320],{},[35,81633,81634],{"className":37,"code":80725,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,81635,81636,81656,81674,81678],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81637,81638,81640,81642,81644,81646,81648,81650,81652,81654],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81639,3276],{"class":50},[44,81641,55],{"class":54},[44,81643,3281],{"class":80},[44,81645,2643],{"class":1675},[44,81647,2646],{"class":80},[44,81649,2649],{"class":1675},[44,81651,2646],{"class":80},[44,81653,2104],{"class":1675},[44,81655,3294],{"class":80},[44,81657,81658,81660,81662,81664,81666,81668,81670,81672],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,81659,1880],{"class":50},[44,81661,55],{"class":54},[44,81663,79685],{"class":94},[44,81665,98],{"class":80},[44,81667,1462],{"class":1461},[44,81669,2646],{"class":80},[44,81671,3926],{"class":84},[44,81673,104],{"class":80},[44,81675,81676],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,81677,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,81679,81680,81682,81684,81686,81688,81690],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,81681,95],{"class":94},[44,81683,98],{"class":80},[44,81685,7754],{"class":1461},[44,81687,98],{"class":80},[44,81689,1915],{"class":84},[44,81691,370],{"class":80},[267,81693,81695],{"id":81694},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,81697,81698],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,81700,16308],{},[35,81702,81704],{"className":37,"code":81703,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81705,81706,81723,81733,81737,81757,81776,81780],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81707,81708,81710,81713,81715,81717,81719,81721],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81709,34514],{"class":1717},[44,81711,81712],{"class":34517}," add",[44,81714,98],{"class":80},[44,81716,243],{"class":37328},[44,81718,2646],{"class":80},[44,81720,2213],{"class":37328},[44,81722,8003],{"class":80},[44,81724,81725,81727,81729,81731],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,81726,34525],{"class":524},[44,81728,44207],{"class":50},[44,81730,1711],{"class":54},[44,81732,35847],{"class":50},[44,81734,81735],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,81736,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,81738,81739,81741,81743,81745,81747,81749,81751,81753,81755],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,81740,3276],{"class":50},[44,81742,55],{"class":54},[44,81744,3281],{"class":80},[44,81746,2643],{"class":1675},[44,81748,2646],{"class":80},[44,81750,2649],{"class":1675},[44,81752,2646],{"class":80},[44,81754,2104],{"class":1675},[44,81756,3294],{"class":80},[44,81758,81759,81761,81763,81765,81767,81770,81772,81774],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,81760,1880],{"class":50},[44,81762,55],{"class":54},[44,81764,79685],{"class":94},[44,81766,98],{"class":80},[44,81768,81769],{"class":84},"add",[44,81771,2646],{"class":80},[44,81773,3926],{"class":84},[44,81775,104],{"class":80},[44,81777,81778],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,81779,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,81781,81782,81784,81786,81788,81790,81792],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,81783,95],{"class":94},[44,81785,98],{"class":80},[44,81787,7754],{"class":1461},[44,81789,98],{"class":80},[44,81791,1915],{"class":84},[44,81793,370],{"class":80},[20,81795,16320],{},[35,81797,81799],{"className":37,"code":81798,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81800,81801,81817,81827,81831,81851,81871,81893,81897],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81802,81803,81805,81807,81809,81811,81813,81815],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81804,34514],{"class":1717},[44,81806,81712],{"class":34517},[44,81808,98],{"class":80},[44,81810,243],{"class":37328},[44,81812,2646],{"class":80},[44,81814,2213],{"class":37328},[44,81816,8003],{"class":80},[44,81818,81819,81821,81823,81825],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,81820,34525],{"class":524},[44,81822,44207],{"class":50},[44,81824,1711],{"class":54},[44,81826,35847],{"class":50},[44,81828,81829],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,81830,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,81832,81833,81835,81837,81839,81841,81843,81845,81847,81849],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,81834,80321],{"class":50},[44,81836,55],{"class":54},[44,81838,3281],{"class":80},[44,81840,2643],{"class":1675},[44,81842,2646],{"class":80},[44,81844,2649],{"class":1675},[44,81846,2646],{"class":80},[44,81848,2104],{"class":1675},[44,81850,3294],{"class":80},[44,81852,81853,81855,81857,81859,81861,81863,81865,81867,81869],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,81854,80342],{"class":50},[44,81856,55],{"class":54},[44,81858,3281],{"class":80},[44,81860,1982],{"class":1675},[44,81862,2646],{"class":80},[44,81864,7452],{"class":1675},[44,81866,2646],{"class":80},[44,81868,7457],{"class":1675},[44,81870,3294],{"class":80},[44,81872,81873,81875,81877,81879,81881,81883,81885,81887,81889,81891],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,81874,1880],{"class":50},[44,81876,55],{"class":54},[44,81878,79685],{"class":94},[44,81880,98],{"class":80},[44,81882,81769],{"class":84},[44,81884,2646],{"class":80},[44,81886,80380],{"class":84},[44,81888,2646],{"class":80},[44,81890,80385],{"class":84},[44,81892,104],{"class":80},[44,81894,81895],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,81896,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,81898,81899,81901,81903,81905,81907,81909],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,81900,95],{"class":94},[44,81902,98],{"class":80},[44,81904,7754],{"class":1461},[44,81906,98],{"class":80},[44,81908,1915],{"class":84},[44,81910,370],{"class":80},[267,81912,81914],{"id":81913},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,81916,16308],{},[35,81918,81919],{"className":37,"code":80921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,81920,81921,81941,81959,81963,81977],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81922,81923,81925,81927,81929,81931,81933,81935,81937,81939],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81924,3276],{"class":50},[44,81926,55],{"class":54},[44,81928,3281],{"class":80},[44,81930,2643],{"class":1675},[44,81932,2646],{"class":80},[44,81934,2649],{"class":1675},[44,81936,2646],{"class":80},[44,81938,2104],{"class":1675},[44,81940,3294],{"class":80},[44,81942,81943,81945,81947,81949,81951,81953,81955,81957],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,81944,1880],{"class":50},[44,81946,55],{"class":54},[44,81948,79685],{"class":94},[44,81950,98],{"class":80},[44,81952,1462],{"class":1461},[44,81954,2646],{"class":80},[44,81956,3926],{"class":84},[44,81958,104],{"class":80},[44,81960,81961],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,81962,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,81964,81965,81967,81969,81971,81973,81975],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,81966,95],{"class":94},[44,81968,98],{"class":80},[44,81970,7754],{"class":1461},[44,81972,98],{"class":80},[44,81974,1915],{"class":84},[44,81976,370],{"class":80},[44,81978,81979,81981,81983,81985,81987,81989],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,81980,95],{"class":94},[44,81982,98],{"class":80},[44,81984,7754],{"class":1461},[44,81986,98],{"class":80},[44,81988,1915],{"class":84},[44,81990,370],{"class":80},[20,81992,81993],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,81995,81996],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[30,81998,67558],{"id":67557},[20,82000,8534,82001,82003],{},[15,82002,39383],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[35,82005,82007],{"className":37,"code":82006,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82008,82009,82019,82033,82047,82059],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82010,82011,82013,82015,82017],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82012,95],{"class":94},[44,82014,98],{"class":80},[44,82016,1915],{"class":84},[44,82018,104],{"class":80},[44,82020,82021,82023,82025,82027,82029,82031],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,82022,95],{"class":94},[44,82024,98],{"class":80},[44,82026,7754],{"class":1461},[44,82028,98],{"class":80},[44,82030,1915],{"class":84},[44,82032,370],{"class":80},[44,82034,82035,82037,82039,82041,82043,82045],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,82036,95],{"class":94},[44,82038,98],{"class":80},[44,82040,2880],{"class":1461},[44,82042,98],{"class":80},[44,82044,1915],{"class":84},[44,82046,370],{"class":80},[44,82048,82049,82051,82053,82055,82057],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,82050,5623],{"class":524},[44,82052,5626],{"class":50},[44,82054,3544],{"class":524},[44,82056,80880],{"class":50},[44,82058,548],{"class":80},[44,82060,82061,82063,82065,82067],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,82062,553],{"class":94},[44,82064,98],{"class":80},[44,82066,22978],{"class":84},[44,82068,104],{"class":80},[20,82070,12335],{},[139,82072,82073,82078,82083,82089],{},[142,82074,82075,82077],{},[15,82076,32693],{}," shows that you have a map object",[142,82079,82080,82082],{},[15,82081,32701],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[142,82084,82085,82088],{},[15,82086,82087],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[142,82090,82091,82092,82094],{},"looping over ",[15,82093,1915],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82096,82097,82098,82101,82102,82104],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82099,82100],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82103,5623],{}," loop consume the map object.",[30,82106,1478],{"id":1477},[267,82108,1482,82110,82112],{"id":82109},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82111,39383],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82114,82115,82116,82118,82119,23606],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82117,39383],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82120,82121],{},"list(map(...))",[267,82123,14566,82125,82127,82128,82130],{"id":82124},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82126,39383],{}," better than a ",[15,82129,5623],{}," loop?",[20,82132,82133,82134,82136,82137,82139],{},"Not always. ",[15,82135,39383],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82138,5623],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[267,82141,4832,82143,82145],{"id":82142},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82144,39383],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82147,82148],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[267,82150,82152],{"id":82151},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82154,82155],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[30,82157,1545],{"id":1544},[139,82159,82160,82166,82172,82176,82180],{},[142,82161,82162],{},[243,82163,3234,82164,3167],{"href":39752},[15,82165,37241],{},[142,82167,82168],{},[243,82169,3234,82170,3167],{"href":64510},[15,82171,24448],{},[142,82173,82174],{},[243,82175,4884],{"href":4794},[142,82177,82178],{},[243,82179,4889],{"href":4055},[142,82181,82182],{},[243,82183,4879],{"href":4798},[1577,82185,82186],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":82188},[82189,82190,82192,82193,82194,82196,82201,82208,82210,82217,82218,82227],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":79764,"depth":69,"text":82191},"What map() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":11135,"depth":69,"text":11136},{"id":80083,"depth":69,"text":82195},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80267,"depth":69,"text":82197,"children":82198},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82199],{"id":80455,"depth":91,"text":82200},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80612,"depth":69,"text":82202,"children":82203},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82204,82206,82207],{"id":80630,"depth":91,"text":82205},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":80821,"depth":91,"text":80822},{"id":80914,"depth":91,"text":80915},{"id":81175,"depth":69,"text":82209},"When to use map()",{"id":4182,"depth":69,"text":4183,"children":82211},[82212,82214,82215,82216],{"id":81484,"depth":91,"text":82213},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81573,"depth":91,"text":81574},{"id":81694,"depth":91,"text":81695},{"id":81913,"depth":91,"text":81914},{"id":67557,"depth":69,"text":67558},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":82219},[82220,82222,82224,82226],{"id":82109,"depth":91,"text":82221},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82124,"depth":91,"text":82223},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82142,"depth":91,"text":82225},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82151,"depth":91,"text":82152},{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79596,"description":82228},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82235,"title":82236,"body":82237,"description":84255,"extension":1611,"meta":84256,"navigation":184,"path":84257,"seo":84258,"stem":84259,"__hash__":84260},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82238,"toc":84213},[82239,82245,82250,82253,82261,82264,82266,82390,82392,82410,82412,82432,82437,82441,82455,82458,82461,82463,82468,82580,82583,82601,82607,82610,82672,82674,82683,82686,82700,82702,82750,82752,82761,82771,82777,82780,82807,82809,82817,82820,82823,82893,82895,82903,82906,82911,82916,82967,82969,82977,82980,82982,82999,83001,83053,83056,83062,83066,83071,83074,83078,83137,83139,83148,83154,83163,83167,83230,83232,83240,83245,83249,83254,83334,83336,83345,83352,83357,83362,83365,83400,83402,83410,83413,83419,83421,83471,83473,83482,83484,83502,83504,83509,83515,83522,83549,83551,83574,83579,83614,83619,83625,83630,83673,83676,83679,83718,83725,83731,83736,83751,83755,83762,83765,83769,83774,83778,83783,83785,83846,83848,83877,83882,83889,83898,83900,83902,83927,83929,84032,84035,84053,84062,84064,84069,84072,84078,84081,84083,84093,84099,84103,84161,84168,84176,84178,84210],[10,82240,3234,82242,3238],{"id":82241},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82243,82244],{},"max()",[20,82246,8782,82247,82249],{},[15,82248,82244],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82251,82252],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[139,82254,82255,82258],{},[142,82256,82257],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[142,82259,82260],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82262,82263],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[30,82265,1653],{"id":1652},[35,82267,82269],{"className":37,"code":82268,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82270,82271,82295,82310,82314,82340,82344,82376],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82272,82273,82275,82277,82279,82281,82283,82285,82287,82289,82291,82293],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82274,3276],{"class":50},[44,82276,55],{"class":54},[44,82278,3281],{"class":80},[44,82280,1714],{"class":1675},[44,82282,2646],{"class":80},[44,82284,6024],{"class":1675},[44,82286,2646],{"class":80},[44,82288,2649],{"class":1675},[44,82290,2646],{"class":80},[44,82292,4270],{"class":1675},[44,82294,3294],{"class":80},[44,82296,82297,82299,82301,82304,82306,82308],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,82298,95],{"class":94},[44,82300,98],{"class":80},[44,82302,82303],{"class":94},"max",[44,82305,98],{"class":80},[44,82307,3308],{"class":84},[44,82309,370],{"class":80},[44,82311,82312],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,82313,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,82315,82316,82318,82320,82322,82324,82326,82328,82330,82332,82334,82336,82338],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,82317,95],{"class":94},[44,82319,98],{"class":80},[44,82321,82303],{"class":94},[44,82323,98],{"class":80},[44,82325,1714],{"class":1675},[44,82327,2646],{"class":80},[44,82329,6024],{"class":1675},[44,82331,2646],{"class":80},[44,82333,2649],{"class":1675},[44,82335,2646],{"class":80},[44,82337,4270],{"class":1675},[44,82339,370],{"class":80},[44,82341,82342],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,82343,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,82345,82346,82348,82350,82352,82354,82356,82358,82360,82362,82364,82366,82368,82370,82372,82374],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,82347,3732],{"class":50},[44,82349,55],{"class":54},[44,82351,3281],{"class":80},[44,82353,362],{"class":58},[44,82355,3741],{"class":62},[44,82357,362],{"class":58},[44,82359,2646],{"class":80},[44,82361,59],{"class":58},[44,82363,3750],{"class":62},[44,82365,362],{"class":58},[44,82367,2646],{"class":80},[44,82369,59],{"class":58},[44,82371,78407],{"class":62},[44,82373,362],{"class":58},[44,82375,3294],{"class":80},[44,82377,82378,82380,82382,82384,82386,82388],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,82379,95],{"class":94},[44,82381,98],{"class":80},[44,82383,82303],{"class":94},[44,82385,98],{"class":80},[44,82387,3776],{"class":84},[44,82389,370],{"class":80},[20,82391,107],{},[35,82393,82395],{"className":37,"code":82394,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82396,82397,82401,82405],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82398,82399],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82400,2033],{"class":1675},[44,82402,82403],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,82404,2033],{"class":1675},[44,82406,82407],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,82408,82409],{"class":50},"pear\n",[20,82411,19624],{},[139,82413,82414,82420,82426],{},[142,82415,82416,82419],{},[15,82417,82418],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[142,82421,82422,82425],{},[15,82423,82424],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[142,82427,82428,82431],{},[15,82429,82430],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[30,82433,126,82435,129],{"id":82434},"what-max-does",[15,82436,82244],{},[20,82438,82439,2539],{},[15,82440,82244],{},[139,82442,82443,82446,82449,82452],{},[142,82444,82445],{},"Returns the largest item",[142,82447,82448],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[142,82450,82451],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[142,82453,82454],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82456,82457],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82459,82460],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[30,82462,250],{"id":249},[20,82464,82465,82466,2539],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82467,82244],{},[35,82469,82471],{"className":37,"code":82470,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82472,82473,82483,82507,82529,82552],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82474,82475,82477,82479,82481],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82476,82303],{"class":94},[44,82478,98],{"class":80},[44,82480,3381],{"class":84},[44,82482,104],{"class":80},[44,82484,82485,82487,82489,82491,82493,82496,82498,82500,82502,82505],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,82486,82303],{"class":94},[44,82488,98],{"class":80},[44,82490,3381],{"class":84},[44,82492,2646],{"class":80},[44,82494,82495],{"class":54}," *",[44,82497,2646],{"class":80},[44,82499,21247],{"class":8835},[44,82501,55],{"class":54},[44,82503,82504],{"class":84},"func",[44,82506,104],{"class":80},[44,82508,82509,82511,82513,82515,82517,82519,82521,82523,82525,82527],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,82510,82303],{"class":94},[44,82512,98],{"class":80},[44,82514,3381],{"class":84},[44,82516,2646],{"class":80},[44,82518,82495],{"class":54},[44,82520,2646],{"class":80},[44,82522,26190],{"class":8835},[44,82524,55],{"class":54},[44,82526,2126],{"class":84},[44,82528,104],{"class":80},[44,82530,82531,82533,82535,82538,82540,82543,82545,82547,82550],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,82532,82303],{"class":94},[44,82534,98],{"class":80},[44,82536,82537],{"class":84},"arg1",[44,82539,2646],{"class":80},[44,82541,82542],{"class":84}," arg2",[44,82544,2646],{"class":80},[44,82546,82495],{"class":54},[44,82548,82549],{"class":84},"args",[44,82551,104],{"class":80},[44,82553,82554,82556,82558,82560,82562,82564,82566,82568,82570,82572,82574,82576,82578],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,82555,82303],{"class":94},[44,82557,98],{"class":80},[44,82559,82537],{"class":84},[44,82561,2646],{"class":80},[44,82563,82542],{"class":84},[44,82565,2646],{"class":80},[44,82567,82495],{"class":54},[44,82569,82549],{"class":84},[44,82571,2646],{"class":80},[44,82573,21247],{"class":8835},[44,82575,55],{"class":54},[44,82577,82504],{"class":84},[44,82579,104],{"class":80},[20,82581,82582],{},"The most important parts are:",[139,82584,82585,82590,82595],{},[142,82586,82587,82589],{},[15,82588,3381],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[142,82591,82592,82594],{},[15,82593,14504],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[142,82596,82597,82600],{},[15,82598,82599],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[30,82602,675,82604,82606],{"id":82603},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82605,82244],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,82608,82609],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[35,82611,82613],{"className":37,"code":82612,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82614,82615,82641,82657,82661],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82616,82617,82619,82621,82623,82626,82628,82630,82632,82634,82636,82639],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82618,4726],{"class":50},[44,82620,55],{"class":54},[44,82622,3281],{"class":80},[44,82624,82625],{"class":1675},"72",[44,82627,2646],{"class":80},[44,82629,51172],{"class":1675},[44,82631,2646],{"class":80},[44,82633,13170],{"class":1675},[44,82635,2646],{"class":80},[44,82637,82638],{"class":1675}," 66",[44,82640,3294],{"class":80},[44,82642,82643,82646,82648,82651,82653,82655],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,82644,82645],{"class":50},"highest_score ",[44,82647,55],{"class":54},[44,82649,82650],{"class":94}," max",[44,82652,98],{"class":80},[44,82654,16053],{"class":84},[44,82656,104],{"class":80},[44,82658,82659],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,82660,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,82662,82663,82665,82667,82670],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,82664,95],{"class":94},[44,82666,98],{"class":80},[44,82668,82669],{"class":84},"highest_score",[44,82671,104],{"class":80},[20,82673,107],{},[35,82675,82677],{"className":37,"code":82676,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"91\n",[15,82678,82679],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82680,82681],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82682,82676],{"class":1675},[20,82684,82685],{},"This works well for:",[139,82687,82688,82691,82694,82697],{},[142,82689,82690],{},"Scores",[142,82692,82693],{},"Prices",[142,82695,82696],{},"Ages",[142,82698,82699],{},"Counts",[20,82701,767],{},[35,82703,82705],{"className":37,"code":82704,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,82706,82707,82735],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82708,82709,82712,82714,82716,82718,82720,82723,82725,82728,82730,82733],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82710,82711],{"class":50},"prices ",[44,82713,55],{"class":54},[44,82715,3281],{"class":80},[44,82717,40065],{"class":1675},[44,82719,2646],{"class":80},[44,82721,82722],{"class":1675}," 5.50",[44,82724,2646],{"class":80},[44,82726,82727],{"class":1675}," 12.75",[44,82729,2646],{"class":80},[44,82731,82732],{"class":1675}," 29.00",[44,82734,3294],{"class":80},[44,82736,82737,82739,82741,82743,82745,82748],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,82738,95],{"class":94},[44,82740,98],{"class":80},[44,82742,82303],{"class":94},[44,82744,98],{"class":80},[44,82746,82747],{"class":84},"prices",[44,82749,370],{"class":80},[20,82751,107],{},[35,82753,82755],{"className":37,"code":82754,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"29.0\n",[15,82756,82757],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82758,82759],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82760,82754],{"class":1675},[20,82762,82763,82764,82766,82767,81],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,82765,82244],{}," is simpler than ",[243,82768,82769],{"href":74184},[15,82770,74087],{},[30,82772,675,82774,82776],{"id":82773},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,82775,82244],{}," with separate values",[20,82778,82779],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[35,82781,82783],{"className":37,"code":82782,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,82784,82785],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82786,82787,82789,82791,82793,82795,82797,82799,82801,82803,82805],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82788,95],{"class":94},[44,82790,98],{"class":80},[44,82792,82303],{"class":94},[44,82794,98],{"class":80},[44,82796,2158],{"class":1675},[44,82798,2646],{"class":80},[44,82800,30610],{"class":1675},[44,82802,2646],{"class":80},[44,82804,5659],{"class":1675},[44,82806,370],{"class":80},[20,82808,107],{},[35,82810,82811],{"className":37,"code":1875,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,82812,82813],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82814,82815],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82816,1875],{"class":1675},[20,82818,82819],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,82821,82822],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[35,82824,82826],{"className":37,"code":82825,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,82827,82828,82837,82845,82855,82859,82882],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82829,82830,82832,82834],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82831,2208],{"class":50},[44,82833,55],{"class":54},[44,82835,82836],{"class":1675}," 15\n",[44,82838,82839,82841,82843],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,82840,2236],{"class":50},[44,82842,55],{"class":54},[44,82844,2423],{"class":1675},[44,82846,82847,82850,82852],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,82848,82849],{"class":50},"c ",[44,82851,55],{"class":54},[44,82853,82854],{"class":1675}," 27\n",[44,82856,82857],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,82858,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,82860,82861,82864,82866,82868,82870,82872,82874,82876,82878,82880],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,82862,82863],{"class":50},"largest ",[44,82865,55],{"class":54},[44,82867,82650],{"class":94},[44,82869,98],{"class":80},[44,82871,243],{"class":84},[44,82873,2646],{"class":80},[44,82875,2213],{"class":84},[44,82877,2646],{"class":80},[44,82879,9342],{"class":84},[44,82881,104],{"class":80},[44,82883,82884,82886,82888,82891],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,82885,95],{"class":94},[44,82887,98],{"class":80},[44,82889,82890],{"class":84},"largest",[44,82892,104],{"class":80},[20,82894,107],{},[35,82896,82897],{"className":37,"code":46274,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,82898,82899],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82900,82901],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82902,46274],{"class":1675},[20,82904,82905],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[30,82907,675,82909,46721],{"id":82908},"using-max-with-strings",[15,82910,82244],{},[20,82912,82913,82915],{},[15,82914,82244],{}," can compare strings too.",[35,82917,82919],{"className":37,"code":82918,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82920,82921,82953],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82922,82923,82925,82927,82929,82931,82933,82935,82937,82939,82941,82943,82945,82947,82949,82951],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82924,3732],{"class":50},[44,82926,55],{"class":54},[44,82928,3281],{"class":80},[44,82930,362],{"class":58},[44,82932,3741],{"class":62},[44,82934,362],{"class":58},[44,82936,2646],{"class":80},[44,82938,59],{"class":58},[44,82940,3750],{"class":62},[44,82942,362],{"class":58},[44,82944,2646],{"class":80},[44,82946,59],{"class":58},[44,82948,78407],{"class":62},[44,82950,362],{"class":58},[44,82952,3294],{"class":80},[44,82954,82955,82957,82959,82961,82963,82965],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,82956,95],{"class":94},[44,82958,98],{"class":80},[44,82960,82303],{"class":94},[44,82962,98],{"class":80},[44,82964,3776],{"class":84},[44,82966,370],{"class":80},[20,82968,107],{},[35,82970,82971],{"className":37,"code":82409,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,82972,82973],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82974,82975],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82976,82409],{"class":50},[20,82978,82979],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,82981,67946],{},[139,82983,82984,82993,82996],{},[142,82985,82986,82989,82990,82992],{},[15,82987,82988],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,82991,64937],{}," alphabetically",[142,82994,82995],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[142,82997,82998],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83000,161],{},[35,83002,83004],{"className":37,"code":83003,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83005,83006,83039],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83007,83008,83010,83012,83014,83016,83018,83020,83022,83024,83027,83029,83031,83033,83035,83037],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83009,3732],{"class":50},[44,83011,55],{"class":54},[44,83013,3281],{"class":80},[44,83015,362],{"class":58},[44,83017,3741],{"class":62},[44,83019,362],{"class":58},[44,83021,2646],{"class":80},[44,83023,59],{"class":58},[44,83025,83026],{"class":62},"Banana",[44,83028,362],{"class":58},[44,83030,2646],{"class":80},[44,83032,59],{"class":58},[44,83034,78407],{"class":62},[44,83036,362],{"class":58},[44,83038,3294],{"class":80},[44,83040,83041,83043,83045,83047,83049,83051],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,83042,95],{"class":94},[44,83044,98],{"class":80},[44,83046,82303],{"class":94},[44,83048,98],{"class":80},[44,83050,3776],{"class":84},[44,83052,370],{"class":80},[20,83054,83055],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83057,83058,83059,83061],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83060,14504],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[30,83063,36277,83064,36280],{"id":78365},[15,83065,14504],{},[20,83067,1628,83068,83070],{},[15,83069,14504],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83072,83073],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[267,83075,83077],{"id":83076},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[35,83079,83081],{"className":37,"code":83080,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83082,83083,83115],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83084,83085,83087,83089,83091,83093,83095,83097,83099,83101,83103,83105,83107,83109,83111,83113],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83086,3732],{"class":50},[44,83088,55],{"class":54},[44,83090,3281],{"class":80},[44,83092,362],{"class":58},[44,83094,36712],{"class":62},[44,83096,362],{"class":58},[44,83098,2646],{"class":80},[44,83100,59],{"class":58},[44,83102,67989],{"class":62},[44,83104,362],{"class":58},[44,83106,2646],{"class":80},[44,83108,59],{"class":58},[44,83110,57789],{"class":62},[44,83112,362],{"class":58},[44,83114,3294],{"class":80},[44,83116,83117,83119,83121,83123,83125,83127,83129,83131,83133,83135],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,83118,95],{"class":94},[44,83120,98],{"class":80},[44,83122,82303],{"class":94},[44,83124,98],{"class":80},[44,83126,3776],{"class":84},[44,83128,2646],{"class":80},[44,83130,21247],{"class":8835},[44,83132,55],{"class":54},[44,83134,10822],{"class":94},[44,83136,370],{"class":80},[20,83138,107],{},[35,83140,83142],{"className":37,"code":83141,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"elephant\n",[15,83143,83144],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83145,83146],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83147,83141],{"class":50},[20,83149,20438,83150,83153],{},[15,83151,83152],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83155,83156,83157,33295,83159,81],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83158,42025],{},[243,83160,83161,5448],{"href":42022},[15,83162,42025],{},[267,83164,83166],{"id":83165},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[35,83168,83170],{"className":37,"code":83169,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83171,83172,83204],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83173,83174,83176,83178,83180,83182,83184,83186,83188,83190,83192,83194,83196,83198,83200,83202],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83175,3732],{"class":50},[44,83177,55],{"class":54},[44,83179,3281],{"class":80},[44,83181,362],{"class":58},[44,83183,3741],{"class":62},[44,83185,362],{"class":58},[44,83187,2646],{"class":80},[44,83189,59],{"class":58},[44,83191,83026],{"class":62},[44,83193,362],{"class":58},[44,83195,2646],{"class":80},[44,83197,59],{"class":58},[44,83199,78407],{"class":62},[44,83201,362],{"class":58},[44,83203,3294],{"class":80},[44,83205,83206,83208,83210,83212,83214,83216,83218,83220,83222,83224,83226,83228],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,83207,95],{"class":94},[44,83209,98],{"class":80},[44,83211,82303],{"class":94},[44,83213,98],{"class":80},[44,83215,3776],{"class":84},[44,83217,2646],{"class":80},[44,83219,21247],{"class":8835},[44,83221,55],{"class":54},[44,83223,1462],{"class":1461},[44,83225,81],{"class":80},[44,83227,8300],{"class":1467},[44,83229,370],{"class":80},[20,83231,107],{},[35,83233,83234],{"className":37,"code":82409,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,83235,83236],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83237,83238],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83239,82409],{"class":50},[20,83241,20438,83242,83244],{},[15,83243,78361],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[267,83246,83248],{"id":83247},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83250,83251,83252,2539],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83253,37325],{},[35,83255,83257],{"className":37,"code":83256,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83258,83259,83302],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83260,83261,83263,83265,83267,83269,83271,83273,83275,83277,83280,83282,83284,83286,83289,83291,83293,83295,83298,83300],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83262,7441],{"class":50},[44,83264,55],{"class":54},[44,83266,3281],{"class":80},[44,83268,362],{"class":58},[44,83270,243],{"class":62},[44,83272,362],{"class":58},[44,83274,2646],{"class":80},[44,83276,59],{"class":58},[44,83278,83279],{"class":62},"bb",[44,83281,362],{"class":58},[44,83283,2646],{"class":80},[44,83285,59],{"class":58},[44,83287,83288],{"class":62},"cccc",[44,83290,362],{"class":58},[44,83292,2646],{"class":80},[44,83294,59],{"class":58},[44,83296,83297],{"class":62},"ddd",[44,83299,362],{"class":58},[44,83301,3294],{"class":80},[44,83303,83304,83306,83308,83310,83312,83314,83316,83318,83320,83322,83324,83326,83328,83330,83332],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,83305,95],{"class":94},[44,83307,98],{"class":80},[44,83309,82303],{"class":94},[44,83311,98],{"class":80},[44,83313,7472],{"class":84},[44,83315,2646],{"class":80},[44,83317,21247],{"class":8835},[44,83319,55],{"class":54},[44,83321,37325],{"class":1717},[44,83323,77],{"class":37328},[44,83325,2539],{"class":80},[44,83327,38052],{"class":94},[44,83329,98],{"class":80},[44,83331,194],{"class":84},[44,83333,2567],{"class":80},[20,83335,107],{},[35,83337,83339],{"className":37,"code":83338,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cccc\n",[15,83340,83341],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83342,83343],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83344,83338],{"class":50},[20,83346,49212,83347,4057,83349,83351],{},[15,83348,83152],{},[15,83350,78248],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[30,83353,36277,83355,36280],{"id":83354},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83356,82599],{},[20,83358,1628,83359,83361],{},[15,83360,82599],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83363,83364],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[35,83366,83368],{"className":37,"code":83367,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83369,83370,83378],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83371,83372,83374,83376],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83373,3276],{"class":50},[44,83375,55],{"class":54},[44,83377,7501],{"class":80},[44,83379,83380,83382,83384,83386,83388,83390,83392,83394,83396,83398],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,83381,95],{"class":94},[44,83383,98],{"class":80},[44,83385,82303],{"class":94},[44,83387,98],{"class":80},[44,83389,3308],{"class":84},[44,83391,2646],{"class":80},[44,83393,26190],{"class":8835},[44,83395,55],{"class":54},[44,83397,1772],{"class":1675},[44,83399,370],{"class":80},[20,83401,107],{},[35,83403,83404],{"className":37,"code":46914,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,83405,83406],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83407,83408],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83409,46914],{"class":1675},[20,83411,83412],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83414,83415,83416,83418],{},"Without ",[15,83417,82599],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83420,767],{},[35,83422,83424],{"className":37,"code":83423,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83425,83426,83434,83461],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83427,83428,83430,83432],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83429,3732],{"class":50},[44,83431,55],{"class":54},[44,83433,7501],{"class":80},[44,83435,83436,83438,83440,83442,83444,83446,83448,83450,83452,83454,83457,83459],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,83437,1880],{"class":50},[44,83439,55],{"class":54},[44,83441,82650],{"class":94},[44,83443,98],{"class":80},[44,83445,3776],{"class":84},[44,83447,2646],{"class":80},[44,83449,26190],{"class":8835},[44,83451,55],{"class":54},[44,83453,362],{"class":58},[44,83455,83456],{"class":62},"no words found",[44,83458,362],{"class":58},[44,83460,104],{"class":80},[44,83462,83463,83465,83467,83469],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,83464,95],{"class":94},[44,83466,98],{"class":80},[44,83468,1915],{"class":84},[44,83470,104],{"class":80},[20,83472,107],{},[35,83474,83476],{"className":37,"code":83475,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"no words found\n",[15,83477,83478],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83479,83480],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83481,83475],{"class":50},[20,83483,383],{},[139,83485,83486,83494],{},[142,83487,83488,83490,83491],{},[15,83489,82599],{}," works with ",[15,83492,83493],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[142,83495,40573,83496,83498,83499],{},[830,83497,832],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83500,83501],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[30,83503,47649],{"id":47648},[20,83505,83506,83507,81],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83508,82244],{},[267,83510,83512,83514],{"id":83511},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83513,40371],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83516,83517,83518,45571,83520,81],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83519,82599],{},[15,83521,40371],{},[35,83523,83525],{"className":37,"code":83524,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83526,83527,83535],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83528,83529,83531,83533],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83530,3276],{"class":50},[44,83532,55],{"class":54},[44,83534,7501],{"class":80},[44,83536,83537,83539,83541,83543,83545,83547],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,83538,95],{"class":94},[44,83540,98],{"class":80},[44,83542,82303],{"class":94},[44,83544,98],{"class":80},[44,83546,3308],{"class":84},[44,83548,370],{"class":80},[20,83550,29349],{},[35,83552,83554],{"className":37,"code":83553,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83555,83556],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83557,83558,83560,83562,83564,83566,83569,83571],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83559,40371],{"class":1461},[44,83561,2539],{"class":80},[44,83563,82650],{"class":94},[44,83565,535],{"class":80},[44,83567,83568],{"class":50}," arg ",[44,83570,11856],{"class":54},[44,83572,83573],{"class":50}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83575,83576,83577,2539],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83578,82599],{},[35,83580,83582],{"className":37,"code":83581,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83583,83584,83592],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83585,83586,83588,83590],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83587,3276],{"class":50},[44,83589,55],{"class":54},[44,83591,7501],{"class":80},[44,83593,83594,83596,83598,83600,83602,83604,83606,83608,83610,83612],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,83595,95],{"class":94},[44,83597,98],{"class":80},[44,83599,82303],{"class":94},[44,83601,98],{"class":80},[44,83603,3308],{"class":84},[44,83605,2646],{"class":80},[44,83607,26190],{"class":8835},[44,83609,55],{"class":54},[44,83611,3439],{"class":3513},[44,83613,370],{"class":80},[20,83615,83616,83617,81],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[243,83618,65502],{"href":72541},[267,83620,83622,83624],{"id":83621},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,83623,2662],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,83626,83627,83628,81],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,83629,2662],{},[35,83631,83633],{"className":37,"code":83632,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83634,83635,83659],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83636,83637,83639,83641,83643,83645,83647,83649,83651,83653,83655,83657],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83638,7441],{"class":50},[44,83640,55],{"class":54},[44,83642,3281],{"class":80},[44,83644,1982],{"class":1675},[44,83646,2646],{"class":80},[44,83648,59],{"class":58},[44,83650,15418],{"class":62},[44,83652,362],{"class":58},[44,83654,2646],{"class":80},[44,83656,7457],{"class":1675},[44,83658,3294],{"class":80},[44,83660,83661,83663,83665,83667,83669,83671],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,83662,95],{"class":94},[44,83664,98],{"class":80},[44,83666,82303],{"class":94},[44,83668,98],{"class":80},[44,83670,7472],{"class":84},[44,83672,370],{"class":80},[20,83674,83675],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,83677,83678],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[35,83680,83682],{"className":37,"code":83681,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83683,83684,83704],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83685,83686,83688,83690,83692,83694,83696,83698,83700,83702],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83687,7441],{"class":50},[44,83689,55],{"class":54},[44,83691,3281],{"class":80},[44,83693,1982],{"class":1675},[44,83695,2646],{"class":80},[44,83697,7452],{"class":1675},[44,83699,2646],{"class":80},[44,83701,7457],{"class":1675},[44,83703,3294],{"class":80},[44,83705,83706,83708,83710,83712,83714,83716],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,83707,95],{"class":94},[44,83709,98],{"class":80},[44,83711,82303],{"class":94},[44,83713,98],{"class":80},[44,83715,7472],{"class":84},[44,83717,370],{"class":80},[20,83719,83720,83721,81],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[243,83722,83724],{"href":83723},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[267,83726,83728,83730],{"id":83727},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,83729,2662],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,83732,83733,83735],{},[15,83734,82244],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[35,83737,83739],{"className":37,"code":83738,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(max())\n",[15,83740,83741],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83742,83743,83745,83747,83749],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83744,95],{"class":94},[44,83746,98],{"class":80},[44,83748,82303],{"class":94},[44,83750,201],{"class":80},[20,83752,2659,83753,81],{},[15,83754,2662],{},[30,83756,83758,866,83760],{"id":83757},"max-vs-sorted",[15,83759,82244],{},[15,83761,74087],{},[20,83763,83764],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,83766,83767,2539],{},[15,83768,82244],{},[139,83770,83771],{},[142,83772,83773],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,83775,83776,2539],{},[15,83777,74087],{},[139,83779,83780],{},[142,83781,83782],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,83784,161],{},[35,83786,83788],{"className":37,"code":83787,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,83789,83790,83814,83818,83832],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83791,83792,83794,83796,83798,83800,83802,83804,83806,83808,83810,83812],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83793,3276],{"class":50},[44,83795,55],{"class":54},[44,83797,3281],{"class":80},[44,83799,1714],{"class":1675},[44,83801,2646],{"class":80},[44,83803,6024],{"class":1675},[44,83805,2646],{"class":80},[44,83807,2649],{"class":1675},[44,83809,2646],{"class":80},[44,83811,4270],{"class":1675},[44,83813,3294],{"class":80},[44,83815,83816],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,83817,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,83819,83820,83822,83824,83826,83828,83830],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,83821,95],{"class":94},[44,83823,98],{"class":80},[44,83825,82303],{"class":94},[44,83827,98],{"class":80},[44,83829,3308],{"class":84},[44,83831,370],{"class":80},[44,83833,83834,83836,83838,83840,83842,83844],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,83835,95],{"class":94},[44,83837,98],{"class":80},[44,83839,74177],{"class":94},[44,83841,98],{"class":80},[44,83843,3308],{"class":84},[44,83845,370],{"class":80},[20,83847,107],{},[35,83849,83851],{"className":37,"code":83850,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,83852,83853,83857],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83854,83855],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83856,2033],{"class":1675},[44,83858,83859,83861,83863,83865,83867,83869,83871,83873,83875],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,83860,3561],{"class":80},[44,83862,1708],{"class":1675},[44,83864,2646],{"class":80},[44,83866,2104],{"class":1675},[44,83868,2646],{"class":80},[44,83870,4270],{"class":1675},[44,83872,2646],{"class":80},[44,83874,6024],{"class":1675},[44,83876,3294],{"class":80},[20,83878,119,83879,83881],{},[15,83880,82244],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,83883,119,83884,83888],{},[243,83885,83886],{"href":74184},[15,83887,74087],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,83890,83891,83892,81],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[243,83893,83895],{"href":83894},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,83896,83897],{},"min()",[30,83899,1238],{"id":1237},[20,83901,1241],{},[139,83903,83904,83911,83914,83919,83922],{},[142,83905,29318,83906,83908,83909],{},[15,83907,82244],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,83910,82599],{},[142,83912,83913],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[142,83915,1246,83916,83918],{},[15,83917,82244],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[142,83920,83921],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[142,83923,675,83924,83926],{},[15,83925,82599],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,83928,10773],{},[35,83930,83932],{"className":37,"code":83931,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,83933,83934,83944,83958,83972,83986,84008],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83935,83936,83938,83940,83942],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83937,95],{"class":94},[44,83939,98],{"class":80},[44,83941,7472],{"class":84},[44,83943,104],{"class":80},[44,83945,83946,83948,83950,83952,83954,83956],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,83947,95],{"class":94},[44,83949,98],{"class":80},[44,83951,2880],{"class":1461},[44,83953,98],{"class":80},[44,83955,7472],{"class":84},[44,83957,370],{"class":80},[44,83959,83960,83962,83964,83966,83968,83970],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,83961,95],{"class":94},[44,83963,98],{"class":80},[44,83965,10822],{"class":94},[44,83967,98],{"class":80},[44,83969,7472],{"class":84},[44,83971,370],{"class":80},[44,83973,83974,83976,83978,83980,83982,83984],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,83975,95],{"class":94},[44,83977,98],{"class":80},[44,83979,82303],{"class":94},[44,83981,98],{"class":80},[44,83983,7472],{"class":84},[44,83985,370],{"class":80},[44,83987,83988,83990,83992,83994,83996,83998,84000,84002,84004,84006],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,83989,95],{"class":94},[44,83991,98],{"class":80},[44,83993,82303],{"class":94},[44,83995,98],{"class":80},[44,83997,7472],{"class":84},[44,83999,2646],{"class":80},[44,84001,26190],{"class":8835},[44,84003,55],{"class":54},[44,84005,3439],{"class":3513},[44,84007,370],{"class":80},[44,84009,84010,84012,84014,84016,84018,84020,84022,84024,84026,84028,84030],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,84011,95],{"class":94},[44,84013,2640],{"class":80},[44,84015,2880],{"class":1461},[44,84017,98],{"class":80},[44,84019,1110],{"class":84},[44,84021,3321],{"class":80},[44,84023,3538],{"class":524},[44,84025,3541],{"class":84},[44,84027,3544],{"class":524},[44,84029,5631],{"class":84},[44,84031,3549],{"class":80},[20,84033,84034],{},"These are useful for checking:",[139,84036,84037,84042,84047,84050],{},[142,84038,84039,84040],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84041,7472],{},[142,84043,79414,84044,84046],{},[15,84045,7472],{}," is a list or some other type",[142,84048,84049],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[142,84051,84052],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84054,69010,84055,84058,84059,84061],{},[15,84056,84057],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84060,7472],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[30,84063,1478],{"id":1477},[267,84065,1504,84067,4807],{"id":84066},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84068,82244],{},[20,84070,84071],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[267,84073,4832,84075,84077],{"id":84074},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84076,82244],{}," work with strings?",[20,84079,84080],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[267,84082,71309],{"id":71308},[20,84084,84085,52156,84087,84089,84090,84092],{},[15,84086,82244],{},[15,84088,40371],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84091,82599],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[267,84094,84096,84097,1520],{"id":84095},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84098,82244],{},[20,84100,119,84101,2539],{},[15,84102,83152],{},[35,84104,84105],{"className":37,"code":83080,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,84106,84107,84139],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84108,84109,84111,84113,84115,84117,84119,84121,84123,84125,84127,84129,84131,84133,84135,84137],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84110,3732],{"class":50},[44,84112,55],{"class":54},[44,84114,3281],{"class":80},[44,84116,362],{"class":58},[44,84118,36712],{"class":62},[44,84120,362],{"class":58},[44,84122,2646],{"class":80},[44,84124,59],{"class":58},[44,84126,67989],{"class":62},[44,84128,362],{"class":58},[44,84130,2646],{"class":80},[44,84132,59],{"class":58},[44,84134,57789],{"class":62},[44,84136,362],{"class":58},[44,84138,3294],{"class":80},[44,84140,84141,84143,84145,84147,84149,84151,84153,84155,84157,84159],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,84142,95],{"class":94},[44,84144,98],{"class":80},[44,84146,82303],{"class":94},[44,84148,98],{"class":80},[44,84150,3776],{"class":84},[44,84152,2646],{"class":80},[44,84154,21247],{"class":8835},[44,84156,55],{"class":54},[44,84158,10822],{"class":94},[44,84160,370],{"class":80},[267,84162,4842,84164,4057,84166,1520],{"id":84163},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84165,82244],{},[15,84167,74087],{},[20,84169,84170,84172,84173,84175],{},[15,84171,82244],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,84174,74087],{}," returns all items in order.",[30,84177,1545],{"id":1544},[139,84179,84180,84186,84192,84198,84202,84206],{},[142,84181,84182],{},[243,84183,84184,3167],{"href":83894},[15,84185,83897],{},[142,84187,84188],{},[243,84189,84190,3167],{"href":74184},[15,84191,74087],{},[142,84193,84194],{},[243,84195,84196,3167],{"href":42022},[15,84197,42025],{},[142,84199,84200],{},[243,84201,58618],{"href":58617},[142,84203,84204],{},[243,84205,65502],{"href":72541},[142,84207,84208],{},[243,84209,83724],{"href":83723},[1577,84211,84212],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":84214},[84215,84216,84218,84219,84221,84223,84225,84230,84232,84240,84242,84243,84254],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":82434,"depth":69,"text":84217},"What max() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":82603,"depth":69,"text":84220},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82773,"depth":69,"text":84222},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":82908,"depth":69,"text":84224},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78365,"depth":69,"text":79563,"children":84226},[84227,84228,84229],{"id":83076,"depth":91,"text":83077},{"id":83165,"depth":91,"text":83166},{"id":83247,"depth":91,"text":83248},{"id":83354,"depth":69,"text":84231},"Using the default argument",{"id":47648,"depth":69,"text":47649,"children":84233},[84234,84236,84238],{"id":83511,"depth":91,"text":84235},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83621,"depth":91,"text":84237},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83727,"depth":91,"text":84239},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83757,"depth":69,"text":84241},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":84244},[84245,84247,84249,84250,84252],{"id":84066,"depth":91,"text":84246},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84074,"depth":91,"text":84248},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71308,"depth":91,"text":71309},{"id":84095,"depth":91,"text":84251},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84163,"depth":91,"text":84253},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82236,"description":84255},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84262,"title":84263,"body":84264,"description":86218,"extension":1611,"meta":86219,"navigation":184,"path":86220,"seo":86221,"stem":86222,"__hash__":86223},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84265,"toc":86175},[84266,84271,84276,84282,84284,84358,84360,84373,84378,84383,84399,84403,84408,84484,84490,84493,84536,84538,84546,84552,84555,84586,84588,84596,84602,84607,84666,84668,84677,84680,84690,84696,84701,84736,84738,84746,84752,84758,84763,84807,84809,84818,84821,84861,84863,84872,84875,84887,84892,84897,84948,84950,84959,84962,85013,85015,85024,85027,85034,85040,85045,85047,85062,85066,85126,85128,85137,85141,85313,85315,85352,85359,85365,85368,85395,85397,85418,85423,85458,85460,85468,85471,85474,85490,85495,85497,85501,85507,85511,85538,85541,85551,85591,85595,85598,85641,85643,85652,85655,85660,85729,85731,85739,85744,85748,85751,85802,85804,85812,85815,85878,85880,85888,85891,85896,85900,85913,85920,85928,85930,85932,85962,85968,86069,86079,86081,86086,86089,86094,86097,86099,86107,86115,86123,86130,86138,86140,86172],[10,84267,3234,84269,3238],{"id":84268},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84270,83897],{},[20,84272,84273,84275],{},[15,84274,83897],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84277,84278,84279,84281],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84280,83897],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[30,84283,1653],{"id":1652},[35,84285,84287],{"className":37,"code":84286,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84288,84289,84313,84328,84332],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84290,84291,84293,84295,84297,84299,84301,84303,84305,84307,84309,84311],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84292,3276],{"class":50},[44,84294,55],{"class":54},[44,84296,3281],{"class":80},[44,84298,1789],{"class":1675},[44,84300,2646],{"class":80},[44,84302,2649],{"class":1675},[44,84304,2646],{"class":80},[44,84306,53797],{"class":1675},[44,84308,2646],{"class":80},[44,84310,5162],{"class":1675},[44,84312,3294],{"class":80},[44,84314,84315,84317,84319,84322,84324,84326],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,84316,95],{"class":94},[44,84318,98],{"class":80},[44,84320,84321],{"class":94},"min",[44,84323,98],{"class":80},[44,84325,3308],{"class":84},[44,84327,370],{"class":80},[44,84329,84330],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,84331,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,84333,84334,84336,84338,84340,84342,84344,84346,84348,84350,84352,84354,84356],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,84335,95],{"class":94},[44,84337,98],{"class":80},[44,84339,84321],{"class":94},[44,84341,98],{"class":80},[44,84343,1789],{"class":1675},[44,84345,2646],{"class":80},[44,84347,2649],{"class":1675},[44,84349,2646],{"class":80},[44,84351,53797],{"class":1675},[44,84353,2646],{"class":80},[44,84355,5162],{"class":1675},[44,84357,370],{"class":80},[20,84359,107],{},[35,84361,84363],{"className":37,"code":84362,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n1\n",[15,84364,84365,84369],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84366,84367],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84368,46579],{"class":1675},[44,84370,84371],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,84372,46579],{"class":1675},[20,84374,119,84375,84377],{},[15,84376,83897],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[30,84379,126,84381,129],{"id":84380},"what-min-does",[15,84382,83897],{},[139,84384,84385,84390,84393,84396],{},[142,84386,84387,84389],{},[15,84388,83897],{}," returns the smallest item",[142,84391,84392],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[142,84394,84395],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[142,84397,84398],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[30,84400,84402],{"id":84401},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84404,84405,84406,2539],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84407,83897],{},[35,84409,84411],{"className":37,"code":84410,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84412,84413,84423,84448,84466],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84414,84415,84417,84419,84421],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84416,84321],{"class":94},[44,84418,98],{"class":80},[44,84420,3381],{"class":84},[44,84422,104],{"class":80},[44,84424,84425,84427,84429,84432,84434,84437,84439,84442,84444,84446],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,84426,84321],{"class":94},[44,84428,98],{"class":80},[44,84430,84431],{"class":84},"value1",[44,84433,2646],{"class":80},[44,84435,84436],{"class":84}," value2",[44,84438,2646],{"class":80},[44,84440,84441],{"class":84}," value3",[44,84443,2646],{"class":80},[44,84445,34118],{"class":94},[44,84447,104],{"class":80},[44,84449,84450,84452,84454,84456,84458,84460,84462,84464],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,84451,84321],{"class":94},[44,84453,98],{"class":80},[44,84455,3381],{"class":84},[44,84457,2646],{"class":80},[44,84459,21247],{"class":8835},[44,84461,55],{"class":54},[44,84463,37036],{"class":94},[44,84465,104],{"class":80},[44,84467,84468,84470,84472,84474,84476,84478,84480,84482],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,84469,84321],{"class":94},[44,84471,98],{"class":80},[44,84473,3381],{"class":84},[44,84475,2646],{"class":80},[44,84477,26190],{"class":8835},[44,84479,55],{"class":54},[44,84481,37036],{"class":94},[44,84483,104],{"class":80},[267,84485,84487],{"id":84486},"miniterable",[15,84488,84489],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84491,84492],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[35,84494,84496],{"className":37,"code":84495,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84497,84498,84522],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84499,84500,84502,84504,84506,84508,84510,84512,84514,84516,84518,84520],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84501,3276],{"class":50},[44,84503,55],{"class":54},[44,84505,3281],{"class":80},[44,84507,1997],{"class":1675},[44,84509,2646],{"class":80},[44,84511,2104],{"class":1675},[44,84513,2646],{"class":80},[44,84515,30610],{"class":1675},[44,84517,2646],{"class":80},[44,84519,5162],{"class":1675},[44,84521,3294],{"class":80},[44,84523,84524,84526,84528,84530,84532,84534],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,84525,95],{"class":94},[44,84527,98],{"class":80},[44,84529,84321],{"class":94},[44,84531,98],{"class":80},[44,84533,3308],{"class":84},[44,84535,370],{"class":80},[20,84537,107],{},[35,84539,84540],{"className":37,"code":46579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,84541,84542],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84543,84544],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84545,46579],{"class":1675},[267,84547,84549],{"id":84548},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84550,84551],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84553,84554],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[35,84556,84558],{"className":37,"code":84557,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84559,84560],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84561,84562,84564,84566,84568,84570,84572,84574,84576,84578,84580,84582,84584],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84563,95],{"class":94},[44,84565,98],{"class":80},[44,84567,84321],{"class":94},[44,84569,98],{"class":80},[44,84571,1997],{"class":1675},[44,84573,2646],{"class":80},[44,84575,2104],{"class":1675},[44,84577,2646],{"class":80},[44,84579,30610],{"class":1675},[44,84581,2646],{"class":80},[44,84583,5162],{"class":1675},[44,84585,370],{"class":80},[20,84587,107],{},[35,84589,84590],{"className":37,"code":46579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,84591,84592],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84593,84594],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84595,46579],{"class":1675},[267,84597,84599],{"id":84598},"miniterable-key",[15,84600,84601],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84603,119,84604,84606],{},[15,84605,14504],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[35,84608,84610],{"className":37,"code":84609,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84611,84612,84644],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84613,84614,84616,84618,84620,84622,84624,84626,84628,84630,84632,84634,84636,84638,84640,84642],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84615,3732],{"class":50},[44,84617,55],{"class":54},[44,84619,3281],{"class":80},[44,84621,362],{"class":58},[44,84623,78407],{"class":62},[44,84625,362],{"class":58},[44,84627,2646],{"class":80},[44,84629,59],{"class":58},[44,84631,38007],{"class":62},[44,84633,362],{"class":58},[44,84635,2646],{"class":80},[44,84637,59],{"class":58},[44,84639,3750],{"class":62},[44,84641,362],{"class":58},[44,84643,3294],{"class":80},[44,84645,84646,84648,84650,84652,84654,84656,84658,84660,84662,84664],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,84647,95],{"class":94},[44,84649,98],{"class":80},[44,84651,84321],{"class":94},[44,84653,98],{"class":80},[44,84655,3776],{"class":84},[44,84657,2646],{"class":80},[44,84659,21247],{"class":8835},[44,84661,55],{"class":54},[44,84663,10822],{"class":94},[44,84665,370],{"class":80},[20,84667,107],{},[35,84669,84671],{"className":37,"code":84670,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"kiwi\n",[15,84672,84673],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84674,84675],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84676,84670],{"class":50},[20,84678,84679],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,84681,84682,84683,84685,84686,81],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,84684,42025],{},", see the ",[243,84687,84688,3167],{"href":42022},[15,84689,42025],{},[267,84691,84693],{"id":84692},"miniterable-default",[15,84694,84695],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,84697,119,84698,84700],{},[15,84699,82599],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[35,84702,84704],{"className":37,"code":84703,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84705,84706,84714],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84707,84708,84710,84712],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84709,3276],{"class":50},[44,84711,55],{"class":54},[44,84713,7501],{"class":80},[44,84715,84716,84718,84720,84722,84724,84726,84728,84730,84732,84734],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,84717,95],{"class":94},[44,84719,98],{"class":80},[44,84721,84321],{"class":94},[44,84723,98],{"class":80},[44,84725,3308],{"class":84},[44,84727,2646],{"class":80},[44,84729,26190],{"class":8835},[44,84731,55],{"class":54},[44,84733,1772],{"class":1675},[44,84735,370],{"class":80},[20,84737,107],{},[35,84739,84740],{"className":37,"code":46914,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,84741,84742],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84743,84744],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84745,46914],{"class":1675},[20,84747,84748,84749,84751],{},"This avoids a ",[15,84750,40371],{}," when there is no item to return.",[30,84753,675,84755,84757],{"id":84754},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,84756,83897],{}," with numbers",[20,84759,84760,84762],{},[15,84761,83897],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[35,84764,84766],{"className":37,"code":84765,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,84767,84768,84793],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84769,84770,84772,84774,84776,84778,84780,84783,84785,84787,84789,84791],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84771,4726],{"class":50},[44,84773,55],{"class":54},[44,84775,3281],{"class":80},[44,84777,51167],{"class":1675},[44,84779,2646],{"class":80},[44,84781,84782],{"class":1675}," 72",[44,84784,2646],{"class":80},[44,84786,28574],{"class":1675},[44,84788,2646],{"class":80},[44,84790,75763],{"class":1675},[44,84792,3294],{"class":80},[44,84794,84795,84797,84799,84801,84803,84805],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,84796,95],{"class":94},[44,84798,98],{"class":80},[44,84800,84321],{"class":94},[44,84802,98],{"class":80},[44,84804,16053],{"class":84},[44,84806,370],{"class":80},[20,84808,107],{},[35,84810,84812],{"className":37,"code":84811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"60\n",[15,84813,84814],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84815,84816],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84817,84811],{"class":1675},[20,84819,84820],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[35,84822,84824],{"className":37,"code":84823,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,84825,84826,84847],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84827,84828,84830,84832,84834,84836,84838,84841,84843,84845],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84829,82711],{"class":50},[44,84831,55],{"class":54},[44,84833,3281],{"class":80},[44,84835,40065],{"class":1675},[44,84837,2646],{"class":80},[44,84839,84840],{"class":1675}," 5.49",[44,84842,2646],{"class":80},[44,84844,82727],{"class":1675},[44,84846,3294],{"class":80},[44,84848,84849,84851,84853,84855,84857,84859],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,84850,95],{"class":94},[44,84852,98],{"class":80},[44,84854,84321],{"class":94},[44,84856,98],{"class":80},[44,84858,82747],{"class":84},[44,84860,370],{"class":80},[20,84862,107],{},[35,84864,84866],{"className":37,"code":84865,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.49\n",[15,84867,84868],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84869,84870],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84871,84865],{"class":1675},[20,84873,84874],{},"This is useful for things like:",[139,84876,84877,84879,84881,84884],{},[142,84878,16053],{},[142,84880,82747],{},[142,84882,84883],{},"measurements",[142,84885,84886],{},"ages",[30,84888,675,84890,46721],{"id":84889},"using-min-with-strings",[15,84891,83897],{},[20,84893,84894,84896],{},[15,84895,83897],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[35,84898,84900],{"className":37,"code":84899,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84901,84902,84934],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84903,84904,84906,84908,84910,84912,84914,84916,84918,84920,84922,84924,84926,84928,84930,84932],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84905,3732],{"class":50},[44,84907,55],{"class":54},[44,84909,3281],{"class":80},[44,84911,362],{"class":58},[44,84913,3750],{"class":62},[44,84915,362],{"class":58},[44,84917,2646],{"class":80},[44,84919,59],{"class":58},[44,84921,3741],{"class":62},[44,84923,362],{"class":58},[44,84925,2646],{"class":80},[44,84927,59],{"class":58},[44,84929,3759],{"class":62},[44,84931,362],{"class":58},[44,84933,3294],{"class":80},[44,84935,84936,84938,84940,84942,84944,84946],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,84937,95],{"class":94},[44,84939,98],{"class":80},[44,84941,84321],{"class":94},[44,84943,98],{"class":80},[44,84945,3776],{"class":84},[44,84947,370],{"class":80},[20,84949,107],{},[35,84951,84953],{"className":37,"code":84952,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"apple\n",[15,84954,84955],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84956,84957],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84958,84952],{"class":50},[20,84960,84961],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[35,84963,84965],{"className":37,"code":84964,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84966,84967,84999],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84968,84969,84971,84973,84975,84977,84979,84981,84983,84985,84987,84989,84991,84993,84995,84997],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84970,3732],{"class":50},[44,84972,55],{"class":54},[44,84974,3281],{"class":80},[44,84976,362],{"class":58},[44,84978,3750],{"class":62},[44,84980,362],{"class":58},[44,84982,2646],{"class":80},[44,84984,59],{"class":58},[44,84986,57430],{"class":62},[44,84988,362],{"class":58},[44,84990,2646],{"class":80},[44,84992,59],{"class":58},[44,84994,3759],{"class":62},[44,84996,362],{"class":58},[44,84998,3294],{"class":80},[44,85000,85001,85003,85005,85007,85009,85011],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,85002,95],{"class":94},[44,85004,98],{"class":80},[44,85006,84321],{"class":94},[44,85008,98],{"class":80},[44,85010,3776],{"class":84},[44,85012,370],{"class":80},[20,85014,107],{},[35,85016,85018],{"className":37,"code":85017,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Apple\n",[15,85019,85020],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85021,85022],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85023,85017],{"class":50},[20,85025,85026],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85028,85029,85030,81],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[243,85031,85032,5448],{"href":74184},[15,85033,74087],{},[30,85035,675,85037,85039],{"id":85036},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85038,83897],{}," with a key function",[20,85041,1628,85042,85044],{},[15,85043,14504],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85046,11119],{},[139,85048,85049,85054,85059],{},[142,85050,85051,85053],{},[15,85052,14504],{}," changes the comparison rule",[142,85055,85056,85058],{},[15,85057,83897],{}," still returns the original item",[142,85060,85061],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[267,85063,85065],{"id":85064},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[35,85067,85069],{"className":37,"code":85068,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85070,85071,85104],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85072,85073,85075,85077,85079,85081,85083,85085,85087,85089,85091,85093,85095,85097,85100,85102],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85074,3732],{"class":50},[44,85076,55],{"class":54},[44,85078,3281],{"class":80},[44,85080,362],{"class":58},[44,85082,67989],{"class":62},[44,85084,362],{"class":58},[44,85086,2646],{"class":80},[44,85088,59],{"class":58},[44,85090,36712],{"class":62},[44,85092,362],{"class":58},[44,85094,2646],{"class":80},[44,85096,59],{"class":58},[44,85098,85099],{"class":62},"giraffe",[44,85101,362],{"class":58},[44,85103,3294],{"class":80},[44,85105,85106,85108,85110,85112,85114,85116,85118,85120,85122,85124],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,85107,95],{"class":94},[44,85109,98],{"class":80},[44,85111,84321],{"class":94},[44,85113,98],{"class":80},[44,85115,3776],{"class":84},[44,85117,2646],{"class":80},[44,85119,21247],{"class":8835},[44,85121,55],{"class":54},[44,85123,10822],{"class":94},[44,85125,370],{"class":80},[20,85127,107],{},[35,85129,85131],{"className":37,"code":85130,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cat\n",[15,85132,85133],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85134,85135],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85136,85130],{"class":50},[267,85138,85140],{"id":85139},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[35,85142,85144],{"className":37,"code":85143,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85145,85146,85156,85191,85223,85255,85259,85263,85302],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85147,85148,85151,85153],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85149,85150],{"class":50},"students ",[44,85152,55],{"class":54},[44,85154,85155],{"class":80}," [\n",[44,85157,85158,85161,85163,85165,85167,85169,85171,85173,85175,85177,85179,85182,85184,85186,85188],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,85159,85160],{"class":80},"    {",[44,85162,362],{"class":58},[44,85164,302],{"class":62},[44,85166,362],{"class":58},[44,85168,2539],{"class":80},[44,85170,59],{"class":58},[44,85172,12543],{"class":62},[44,85174,362],{"class":58},[44,85176,2646],{"class":80},[44,85178,59],{"class":58},[44,85180,85181],{"class":62},"score",[44,85183,362],{"class":58},[44,85185,2539],{"class":80},[44,85187,13170],{"class":1675},[44,85189,85190],{"class":80},"},\n",[44,85192,85193,85195,85197,85199,85201,85203,85205,85207,85209,85211,85213,85215,85217,85219,85221],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,85194,85160],{"class":80},[44,85196,362],{"class":58},[44,85198,302],{"class":62},[44,85200,362],{"class":58},[44,85202,2539],{"class":80},[44,85204,59],{"class":58},[44,85206,35605],{"class":62},[44,85208,362],{"class":58},[44,85210,2646],{"class":80},[44,85212,59],{"class":58},[44,85214,85181],{"class":62},[44,85216,362],{"class":58},[44,85218,2539],{"class":80},[44,85220,84782],{"class":1675},[44,85222,85190],{"class":80},[44,85224,85225,85227,85229,85231,85233,85235,85237,85239,85241,85243,85245,85247,85249,85251,85253],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,85226,85160],{"class":80},[44,85228,362],{"class":58},[44,85230,302],{"class":62},[44,85232,362],{"class":58},[44,85234,2539],{"class":80},[44,85236,59],{"class":58},[44,85238,35614],{"class":62},[44,85240,362],{"class":58},[44,85242,2646],{"class":80},[44,85244,59],{"class":58},[44,85246,85181],{"class":62},[44,85248,362],{"class":58},[44,85250,2539],{"class":80},[44,85252,19565],{"class":1675},[44,85254,8969],{"class":80},[44,85256,85257],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,85258,3294],{"class":80},[44,85260,85261],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,85262,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,85264,85265,85268,85270,85273,85275,85278,85280,85282,85284,85286,85288,85290,85292,85294,85296,85298,85300],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,85266,85267],{"class":50},"lowest ",[44,85269,55],{"class":54},[44,85271,85272],{"class":94}," min",[44,85274,98],{"class":80},[44,85276,85277],{"class":84},"students",[44,85279,2646],{"class":80},[44,85281,21247],{"class":8835},[44,85283,55],{"class":54},[44,85285,37325],{"class":1717},[44,85287,12569],{"class":37328},[44,85289,2539],{"class":80},[44,85291,12569],{"class":84},[44,85293,3561],{"class":80},[44,85295,362],{"class":58},[44,85297,85181],{"class":62},[44,85299,362],{"class":58},[44,85301,3549],{"class":80},[44,85303,85304,85306,85308,85311],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,85305,95],{"class":94},[44,85307,98],{"class":80},[44,85309,85310],{"class":84},"lowest",[44,85312,104],{"class":80},[20,85314,107],{},[35,85316,85318],{"className":37,"code":85317,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85319,85320],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85321,85322,85324,85326,85328,85330,85332,85334,85336,85338,85340,85342,85344,85346,85348,85350],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85323,8938],{"class":80},[44,85325,655],{"class":58},[44,85327,302],{"class":62},[44,85329,655],{"class":58},[44,85331,2539],{"class":80},[44,85333,2955],{"class":58},[44,85335,35605],{"class":62},[44,85337,655],{"class":58},[44,85339,2646],{"class":80},[44,85341,2955],{"class":58},[44,85343,85181],{"class":62},[44,85345,655],{"class":58},[44,85347,2539],{"class":80},[44,85349,84782],{"class":1675},[44,85351,8969],{"class":80},[20,85353,85354,85355,85358],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85356,85357],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[30,85360,675,85362,85364],{"id":85361},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85363,82599],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85366,85367],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[35,85369,85371],{"className":37,"code":85370,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85372,85373,85381],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85374,85375,85377,85379],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85376,3276],{"class":50},[44,85378,55],{"class":54},[44,85380,7501],{"class":80},[44,85382,85383,85385,85387,85389,85391,85393],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,85384,95],{"class":94},[44,85386,98],{"class":80},[44,85388,84321],{"class":94},[44,85390,98],{"class":80},[44,85392,3308],{"class":84},[44,85394,370],{"class":80},[20,85396,107],{},[35,85398,85400],{"className":37,"code":85399,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85401,85402],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85403,85404,85406,85408,85410,85412,85414,85416],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85405,40371],{"class":1461},[44,85407,2539],{"class":80},[44,85409,85272],{"class":94},[44,85411,535],{"class":80},[44,85413,83568],{"class":50},[44,85415,11856],{"class":54},[44,85417,83573],{"class":50},[20,85419,85420,85421,2539],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85422,82599],{},[35,85424,85426],{"className":37,"code":85425,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85427,85428,85436],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85429,85430,85432,85434],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85431,3276],{"class":50},[44,85433,55],{"class":54},[44,85435,7501],{"class":80},[44,85437,85438,85440,85442,85444,85446,85448,85450,85452,85454,85456],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,85439,95],{"class":94},[44,85441,98],{"class":80},[44,85443,84321],{"class":94},[44,85445,98],{"class":80},[44,85447,3308],{"class":84},[44,85449,2646],{"class":80},[44,85451,26190],{"class":8835},[44,85453,55],{"class":54},[44,85455,3439],{"class":3513},[44,85457,370],{"class":80},[20,85459,107],{},[35,85461,85462],{"className":37,"code":11470,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,85463,85464],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85465,85466],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85467,11470],{"class":3513},[20,85469,85470],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85472,85473],{},"Remember:",[139,85475,85476,85484],{},[142,85477,85478,85480,85481,85483],{},[15,85479,82599],{}," works only when ",[15,85482,83897],{}," gets one iterable argument",[142,85485,85486,85487],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85488,85489],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85491,85492,85493,81],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[243,85494,65502],{"href":72541},[30,85496,10404],{"id":10403},[20,85498,56437,85499,81],{},[15,85500,83897],{},[267,85502,85504,85505],{"id":85503},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85506,82599],{},[20,85508,2659,85509,2539],{},[15,85510,40371],{},[35,85512,85514],{"className":37,"code":85513,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85515,85516,85524],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85517,85518,85520,85522],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85519,7441],{"class":50},[44,85521,55],{"class":54},[44,85523,7501],{"class":80},[44,85525,85526,85528,85530,85532,85534,85536],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,85527,95],{"class":94},[44,85529,98],{"class":80},[44,85531,84321],{"class":94},[44,85533,98],{"class":80},[44,85535,7472],{"class":84},[44,85537,370],{"class":80},[20,85539,85540],{},"Fix it by:",[139,85542,85543,85546],{},[142,85544,85545],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[142,85547,85548,85549],{},"or using ",[15,85550,82599],{},[35,85552,85554],{"className":37,"code":85553,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85555,85556,85564],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85557,85558,85560,85562],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85559,7441],{"class":50},[44,85561,55],{"class":54},[44,85563,7501],{"class":80},[44,85565,85566,85568,85570,85572,85574,85576,85578,85580,85582,85584,85587,85589],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,85567,95],{"class":94},[44,85569,98],{"class":80},[44,85571,84321],{"class":94},[44,85573,98],{"class":80},[44,85575,7472],{"class":84},[44,85577,2646],{"class":80},[44,85579,26190],{"class":8835},[44,85581,55],{"class":54},[44,85583,362],{"class":58},[44,85585,85586],{"class":62},"no items",[44,85588,362],{"class":58},[44,85590,370],{"class":80},[267,85592,85594],{"id":85593},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85596,85597],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[35,85599,85601],{"className":37,"code":85600,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85602,85603,85627],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85604,85605,85607,85609,85611,85613,85615,85617,85619,85621,85623,85625],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85606,8825],{"class":50},[44,85608,55],{"class":54},[44,85610,3281],{"class":80},[44,85612,1982],{"class":1675},[44,85614,2646],{"class":80},[44,85616,59],{"class":58},[44,85618,15418],{"class":62},[44,85620,362],{"class":58},[44,85622,2646],{"class":80},[44,85624,4270],{"class":1675},[44,85626,3294],{"class":80},[44,85628,85629,85631,85633,85635,85637,85639],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,85630,95],{"class":94},[44,85632,98],{"class":80},[44,85634,84321],{"class":94},[44,85636,98],{"class":80},[44,85638,8864],{"class":84},[44,85640,370],{"class":80},[20,85642,107],{},[35,85644,85646],{"className":37,"code":85645,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError\n",[15,85647,85648],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85649,85650],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85651,85645],{"class":1461},[20,85653,85654],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,85656,85657,85658,81],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,85659,83897],{},[35,85661,85663],{"className":37,"code":85662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85664,85665,85689,85715],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85666,85667,85669,85671,85673,85675,85677,85679,85681,85683,85685,85687],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85668,8825],{"class":50},[44,85670,55],{"class":54},[44,85672,3281],{"class":80},[44,85674,1982],{"class":1675},[44,85676,2646],{"class":80},[44,85678,59],{"class":58},[44,85680,15418],{"class":62},[44,85682,362],{"class":58},[44,85684,2646],{"class":80},[44,85686,4270],{"class":1675},[44,85688,3294],{"class":80},[44,85690,85691,85693,85695,85697,85699,85701,85703,85705,85707,85709,85711,85713],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,85692,3276],{"class":50},[44,85694,55],{"class":54},[44,85696,3281],{"class":80},[44,85698,1840],{"class":1461},[44,85700,98],{"class":80},[44,85702,1110],{"class":84},[44,85704,3321],{"class":80},[44,85706,3538],{"class":524},[44,85708,3541],{"class":50},[44,85710,3544],{"class":524},[44,85712,14229],{"class":50},[44,85714,3294],{"class":80},[44,85716,85717,85719,85721,85723,85725,85727],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,85718,95],{"class":94},[44,85720,98],{"class":80},[44,85722,84321],{"class":94},[44,85724,98],{"class":80},[44,85726,3308],{"class":84},[44,85728,370],{"class":80},[20,85730,107],{},[35,85732,85733],{"className":37,"code":2602,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,85734,85735],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85736,85737],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85738,2602],{"class":1675},[20,85740,85741,85742,81],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,85743,2662],{},[267,85745,85747],{"id":85746},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,85749,85750],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[35,85752,85754],{"className":37,"code":85753,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85755,85756,85788],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85757,85758,85760,85762,85764,85766,85768,85770,85772,85774,85776,85778,85780,85782,85784,85786],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85759,3732],{"class":50},[44,85761,55],{"class":54},[44,85763,3281],{"class":80},[44,85765,362],{"class":58},[44,85767,79223],{"class":62},[44,85769,362],{"class":58},[44,85771,2646],{"class":80},[44,85773,59],{"class":58},[44,85775,57430],{"class":62},[44,85777,362],{"class":58},[44,85779,2646],{"class":80},[44,85781,59],{"class":58},[44,85783,79240],{"class":62},[44,85785,362],{"class":58},[44,85787,3294],{"class":80},[44,85789,85790,85792,85794,85796,85798,85800],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,85791,95],{"class":94},[44,85793,98],{"class":80},[44,85795,84321],{"class":94},[44,85797,98],{"class":80},[44,85799,3776],{"class":84},[44,85801,370],{"class":80},[20,85803,107],{},[35,85805,85806],{"className":37,"code":85017,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,85807,85808],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85809,85810],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85811,85017],{"class":50},[20,85813,85814],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[35,85816,85818],{"className":37,"code":85817,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,85819,85820,85852],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85821,85822,85824,85826,85828,85830,85832,85834,85836,85838,85840,85842,85844,85846,85848,85850],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85823,3732],{"class":50},[44,85825,55],{"class":54},[44,85827,3281],{"class":80},[44,85829,362],{"class":58},[44,85831,79223],{"class":62},[44,85833,362],{"class":58},[44,85835,2646],{"class":80},[44,85837,59],{"class":58},[44,85839,57430],{"class":62},[44,85841,362],{"class":58},[44,85843,2646],{"class":80},[44,85845,59],{"class":58},[44,85847,79240],{"class":62},[44,85849,362],{"class":58},[44,85851,3294],{"class":80},[44,85853,85854,85856,85858,85860,85862,85864,85866,85868,85870,85872,85874,85876],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,85855,95],{"class":94},[44,85857,98],{"class":80},[44,85859,84321],{"class":94},[44,85861,98],{"class":80},[44,85863,3776],{"class":84},[44,85865,2646],{"class":80},[44,85867,21247],{"class":8835},[44,85869,55],{"class":54},[44,85871,1462],{"class":1461},[44,85873,81],{"class":80},[44,85875,8300],{"class":1467},[44,85877,370],{"class":80},[20,85879,107],{},[35,85881,85882],{"className":37,"code":85017,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,85883,85884],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85885,85886],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85887,85017],{"class":50},[20,85889,85890],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[30,85892,1133,85894],{"id":85893},"when-to-use-min",[15,85895,83897],{},[20,85897,119,85898,10261],{},[15,85899,83897],{},[139,85901,85902,85905,85910],{},[142,85903,85904],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[142,85906,85907,85908],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,85909,14504],{},[142,85911,85912],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,85914,119,85915,85919],{},[243,85916,85917],{"href":74184},[15,85918,74087],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,85921,119,85922,85927],{},[243,85923,85925],{"href":85924},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,85926,82244],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[30,85929,1238],{"id":1237},[20,85931,1241],{},[139,85933,85934,85942,85945,85950,85957],{},[142,85935,85936,85937,85939,85940],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,85938,83897],{}," without using ",[15,85941,82599],{},[142,85943,85944],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[142,85946,1246,85947,85949],{},[15,85948,83897],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[142,85951,1262,85952,85954,85955,85058],{},[15,85953,14504],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,85956,83897],{},[142,85958,675,85959,85961],{},[15,85960,82599],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,85963,85964,85965,85967],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,85966,83897],{},", these quick checks can help:",[35,85969,85971],{"className":37,"code":85970,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85972,85973,85987,85997,86011,86025,86047],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85974,85975,85977,85979,85981,85983,85985],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85976,95],{"class":94},[44,85978,98],{"class":80},[44,85980,2880],{"class":1461},[44,85982,98],{"class":80},[44,85984,8864],{"class":84},[44,85986,370],{"class":80},[44,85988,85989,85991,85993,85995],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,85990,95],{"class":94},[44,85992,98],{"class":80},[44,85994,8864],{"class":84},[44,85996,104],{"class":80},[44,85998,85999,86001,86003,86005,86007,86009],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,86000,95],{"class":94},[44,86002,98],{"class":80},[44,86004,10822],{"class":94},[44,86006,98],{"class":80},[44,86008,8864],{"class":84},[44,86010,370],{"class":80},[44,86012,86013,86015,86017,86019,86021,86023],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,86014,95],{"class":94},[44,86016,98],{"class":80},[44,86018,84321],{"class":94},[44,86020,98],{"class":80},[44,86022,8864],{"class":84},[44,86024,370],{"class":80},[44,86026,86027,86029,86031,86033,86035,86037,86039,86041,86043,86045],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,86028,95],{"class":94},[44,86030,98],{"class":80},[44,86032,84321],{"class":94},[44,86034,98],{"class":80},[44,86036,8864],{"class":84},[44,86038,2646],{"class":80},[44,86040,26190],{"class":8835},[44,86042,55],{"class":54},[44,86044,3439],{"class":3513},[44,86046,370],{"class":80},[44,86048,86049,86051,86053,86055,86057,86059,86061,86063,86065,86067],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,86050,95],{"class":94},[44,86052,98],{"class":80},[44,86054,84321],{"class":94},[44,86056,98],{"class":80},[44,86058,3776],{"class":84},[44,86060,2646],{"class":80},[44,86062,21247],{"class":8835},[44,86064,55],{"class":54},[44,86066,10822],{"class":94},[44,86068,370],{"class":80},[20,86070,86071,86072,86075,86076,86078],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86073,86074],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86077,8864],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[30,86080,1478],{"id":1477},[267,86082,1504,86084,4807],{"id":86083},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86085,83897],{},[20,86087,86088],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[267,86090,4832,86092,84077],{"id":86091},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86093,83897],{},[20,86095,86096],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[267,86098,71309],{"id":71308},[20,86100,86101,52156,86103,84089,86105,36286],{},[15,86102,83897],{},[15,86104,40371],{},[15,86106,82599],{},[267,86108,1504,86110,86112,86113,1520],{"id":86109},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86111,14504],{}," do in ",[15,86114,83897],{},[20,86116,86117,86119,86120,86122],{},[15,86118,14504],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86121,83152],{}," compares strings by length.",[267,86124,4842,86126,4057,86128,1520],{"id":86125},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86127,83897],{},[15,86129,74087],{},[20,86131,86132,86134,86135,86137],{},[15,86133,83897],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86136,74087],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[30,86139,1545],{"id":1544},[139,86141,86142,86148,86154,86160,86164,86168],{},[142,86143,86144],{},[243,86145,86146,3167],{"href":85924},[15,86147,82244],{},[142,86149,86150],{},[243,86151,86152,3167],{"href":74184},[15,86153,74087],{},[142,86155,86156],{},[243,86157,86158,3167],{"href":42022},[15,86159,42025],{},[142,86161,86162],{},[243,86163,79536],{"href":78039},[142,86165,86166],{},[243,86167,58618],{"href":58617},[142,86169,86170],{},[243,86171,65502],{"href":72541},[1577,86173,86174],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":86176},[86177,86178,86180,86186,86188,86190,86195,86197,86203,86205,86206,86217],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":84380,"depth":69,"text":86179},"What min() does",{"id":84401,"depth":69,"text":84402,"children":86181},[86182,86183,86184,86185],{"id":84486,"depth":91,"text":84489},{"id":84548,"depth":91,"text":84551},{"id":84598,"depth":91,"text":84601},{"id":84692,"depth":91,"text":84695},{"id":84754,"depth":69,"text":86187},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":84889,"depth":69,"text":86189},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85036,"depth":69,"text":86191,"children":86192},"Using min() with a key function",[86193,86194],{"id":85064,"depth":91,"text":85065},{"id":85139,"depth":91,"text":85140},{"id":85361,"depth":69,"text":86196},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10403,"depth":69,"text":10404,"children":86198},[86199,86201,86202],{"id":85503,"depth":91,"text":86200},"Empty list without default",{"id":85593,"depth":91,"text":85594},{"id":85746,"depth":91,"text":85747},{"id":85893,"depth":69,"text":86204},"When to use min()",{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":86207},[86208,86210,86212,86213,86215],{"id":86083,"depth":91,"text":86209},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86091,"depth":91,"text":86211},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71308,"depth":91,"text":71309},{"id":86109,"depth":91,"text":86214},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86125,"depth":91,"text":86216},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84263,"description":86218},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86225,"title":86226,"body":86227,"description":88404,"extension":1611,"meta":88405,"navigation":184,"path":88406,"seo":88407,"stem":88408,"__hash__":88409},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86228,"toc":88368},[86229,86232,86238,86244,86246,86327,86336,86340,86345,86347,86392,86394,86474,86480,86482,86485,86517,86519,86537,86539,86612,86614,86633,86637,86640,86676,86678,86745,86818,86891,86896,86900,86906,86909,86926,86929,86931,86992,86994,87014,87020,87024,87027,87097,87100,87119,87124,87200,87203,87207,87213,87217,87222,87292,87296,87301,87375,87379,87382,87457,87467,87471,87476,87566,87571,87639,87642,87661,87672,87676,87679,87684,87687,87749,87752,87763,87768,87771,87774,87779,87782,87785,87789,87792,87798,87801,87812,87814,87876,87891,87897,87900,87903,87914,87925,87931,87934,87936,87998,88008,88014,88019,88025,88029,88035,88038,88059,88061,88066,88093,88096,88123,88126,88165,88168,88206,88209,88270,88273,88275,88279,88282,88286,88292,88300,88308,88312,88315,88319,88325,88327,88365],[10,86230,86226],{"id":86231},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86233,86234,86237],{},[15,86235,86236],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86239,86240,86241,86243],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86242,86236],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[30,86245,1653],{"id":1652},[35,86247,86249],{"className":37,"code":86248,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86250,86251,86300,86316],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86252,86253,86256,86259,86261,86263,86266,86268,86270,86272,86274,86276,86278,86281,86283,86285,86288,86290,86292,86294,86298],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86254,86255],{"class":524},"with",[44,86257,86258],{"class":94}," open",[44,86260,98],{"class":80},[44,86262,362],{"class":58},[44,86264,86265],{"class":62},"example.txt",[44,86267,362],{"class":58},[44,86269,2646],{"class":80},[44,86271,59],{"class":58},[44,86273,60168],{"class":62},[44,86275,362],{"class":58},[44,86277,2646],{"class":80},[44,86279,86280],{"class":8835}," encoding",[44,86282,55],{"class":54},[44,86284,362],{"class":58},[44,86286,86287],{"class":62},"utf-8",[44,86289,362],{"class":58},[44,86291,3321],{"class":80},[44,86293,47020],{"class":524},[44,86295,86297],{"class":86296},"sMMDD"," file",[44,86299,548],{"class":80},[44,86301,86302,86305,86307,86309,86311,86314],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,86303,86304],{"class":50},"    content ",[44,86306,55],{"class":54},[44,86308,86297],{"class":86296},[44,86310,81],{"class":80},[44,86312,86313],{"class":84},"read",[44,86315,88],{"class":80},[44,86317,86318,86320,86322,86325],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,86319,553],{"class":94},[44,86321,98],{"class":80},[44,86323,86324],{"class":84},"content",[44,86326,104],{"class":80},[20,86328,119,86329,86331,86332,86335],{},[15,86330,86255],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86333,86334],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[30,86337,86339],{"id":86338},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86341,86342,86344],{},[15,86343,86236],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86346,11119],{},[139,86348,86349,86352,86357,86362],{},[142,86350,86351],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[142,86353,40573,86354,86356],{},[830,86355,832],{}," read or write anything by itself",[142,86358,17087,86359],{},[830,86360,86361],{},"file object",[142,86363,86364,86365],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[139,86366,86367,86372,86377,86382,86387],{},[142,86368,86369],{},[15,86370,86371],{},"read()",[142,86373,86374],{},[15,86375,86376],{},"readline()",[142,86378,86379],{},[15,86380,86381],{},"readlines()",[142,86383,86384],{},[15,86385,86386],{},"write()",[142,86388,86389],{},[15,86390,86391],{},"close()",[20,86393,161],{},[35,86395,86397],{"className":37,"code":86396,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86398,86399,86438,86453,86463],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86400,86401,86404,86406,86408,86410,86412,86414,86416,86418,86420,86422,86424,86426,86428,86430,86432,86434,86436],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86402,86403],{"class":86296},"file",[44,86405,12939],{"class":54},[44,86407,86258],{"class":94},[44,86409,98],{"class":80},[44,86411,362],{"class":58},[44,86413,86265],{"class":62},[44,86415,362],{"class":58},[44,86417,2646],{"class":80},[44,86419,59],{"class":58},[44,86421,60168],{"class":62},[44,86423,362],{"class":58},[44,86425,2646],{"class":80},[44,86427,86280],{"class":8835},[44,86429,55],{"class":54},[44,86431,362],{"class":58},[44,86433,86287],{"class":62},[44,86435,362],{"class":58},[44,86437,104],{"class":80},[44,86439,86440,86443,86445,86447,86449,86451],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,86441,86442],{"class":50},"content ",[44,86444,55],{"class":54},[44,86446,86297],{"class":86296},[44,86448,81],{"class":80},[44,86450,86313],{"class":84},[44,86452,88],{"class":80},[44,86454,86455,86457,86459,86461],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,86456,95],{"class":94},[44,86458,98],{"class":80},[44,86460,86324],{"class":84},[44,86462,104],{"class":80},[44,86464,86465,86467,86469,86472],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,86466,86403],{"class":86296},[44,86468,81],{"class":80},[44,86470,86471],{"class":84},"close",[44,86473,88],{"class":80},[20,86475,86476,86477,86479],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86478,86255],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[30,86481,250],{"id":249},[20,86483,86484],{},"A common form is:",[35,86486,86488],{"className":37,"code":86487,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86489,86490],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86491,86492,86494,86496,86498,86500,86503,86505,86507,86509,86511,86513,86515],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86493,42091],{"class":94},[44,86495,98],{"class":80},[44,86497,86403],{"class":86296},[44,86499,2646],{"class":80},[44,86501,86502],{"class":84}," mode",[44,86504,2646],{"class":80},[44,86506,86280],{"class":8835},[44,86508,55],{"class":54},[44,86510,362],{"class":58},[44,86512,86287],{"class":62},[44,86514,362],{"class":58},[44,86516,104],{"class":80},[20,86518,64708],{},[139,86520,86521,86526,86531],{},[142,86522,86523,86525],{},[15,86524,86403],{}," is the file name or file path",[142,86527,86528,86530],{},[15,86529,20586],{}," controls how the file is opened",[142,86532,86533,86536],{},[15,86534,86535],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86538,161],{},[35,86540,86542],{"className":37,"code":86541,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86543,86544,86587,86602],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86545,86546,86548,86550,86552,86554,86557,86559,86561,86563,86565,86567,86569,86571,86573,86575,86577,86579,86581,86583,86585],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86547,86255],{"class":524},[44,86549,86258],{"class":94},[44,86551,98],{"class":80},[44,86553,362],{"class":58},[44,86555,86556],{"class":62},"notes.txt",[44,86558,362],{"class":58},[44,86560,2646],{"class":80},[44,86562,59],{"class":58},[44,86564,60168],{"class":62},[44,86566,362],{"class":58},[44,86568,2646],{"class":80},[44,86570,86280],{"class":8835},[44,86572,55],{"class":54},[44,86574,362],{"class":58},[44,86576,86287],{"class":62},[44,86578,362],{"class":58},[44,86580,3321],{"class":80},[44,86582,47020],{"class":524},[44,86584,86297],{"class":86296},[44,86586,548],{"class":80},[44,86588,86589,86592,86594,86596,86598,86600],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,86590,86591],{"class":50},"    text ",[44,86593,55],{"class":54},[44,86595,86297],{"class":86296},[44,86597,81],{"class":80},[44,86599,86313],{"class":84},[44,86601,88],{"class":80},[44,86603,86604,86606,86608,86610],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,86605,553],{"class":94},[44,86607,98],{"class":80},[44,86609,194],{"class":84},[44,86611,104],{"class":80},[20,86613,19624],{},[139,86615,86616,86622,86627],{},[142,86617,86618,86621],{},[15,86619,86620],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[142,86623,86624,86626],{},[15,86625,86334],{}," means open for reading",[142,86628,86629,86632],{},[15,86630,86631],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[30,86634,86636],{"id":86635},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86638,86639],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[139,86641,86642,86647,86653,86658,86664,86670],{},[142,86643,86644,86646],{},[15,86645,86334],{}," = read a text file",[142,86648,86649,86652],{},[15,86650,86651],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[142,86654,86655,86657],{},[15,86656,17762],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[142,86659,86660,86663],{},[15,86661,86662],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[142,86665,86666,86669],{},[15,86667,86668],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[142,86671,86672,86675],{},[15,86673,86674],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,86677,1778],{},[35,86679,86681],{"className":37,"code":86680,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,86682,86683,86688,86731],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86684,86685],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86686,86687],{"class":3324},"# Read a text file\n",[44,86689,86690,86692,86694,86696,86698,86701,86703,86705,86707,86709,86711,86713,86715,86717,86719,86721,86723,86725,86727,86729],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,86691,86255],{"class":524},[44,86693,86258],{"class":94},[44,86695,98],{"class":80},[44,86697,362],{"class":58},[44,86699,86700],{"class":62},"data.txt",[44,86702,362],{"class":58},[44,86704,2646],{"class":80},[44,86706,59],{"class":58},[44,86708,60168],{"class":62},[44,86710,362],{"class":58},[44,86712,2646],{"class":80},[44,86714,86280],{"class":8835},[44,86716,55],{"class":54},[44,86718,362],{"class":58},[44,86720,86287],{"class":62},[44,86722,362],{"class":58},[44,86724,3321],{"class":80},[44,86726,47020],{"class":524},[44,86728,86297],{"class":86296},[44,86730,548],{"class":80},[44,86732,86733,86735,86737,86739,86741,86743],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,86734,553],{"class":94},[44,86736,98],{"class":80},[44,86738,86403],{"class":86296},[44,86740,81],{"class":80},[44,86742,86313],{"class":84},[44,86744,201],{"class":80},[35,86746,86748],{"className":37,"code":86747,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,86749,86750,86755,86797],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86751,86752],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86753,86754],{"class":3324},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[44,86756,86757,86759,86761,86763,86765,86767,86769,86771,86773,86775,86777,86779,86781,86783,86785,86787,86789,86791,86793,86795],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,86758,86255],{"class":524},[44,86760,86258],{"class":94},[44,86762,98],{"class":80},[44,86764,362],{"class":58},[44,86766,86700],{"class":62},[44,86768,362],{"class":58},[44,86770,2646],{"class":80},[44,86772,59],{"class":58},[44,86774,60151],{"class":62},[44,86776,362],{"class":58},[44,86778,2646],{"class":80},[44,86780,86280],{"class":8835},[44,86782,55],{"class":54},[44,86784,362],{"class":58},[44,86786,86287],{"class":62},[44,86788,362],{"class":58},[44,86790,3321],{"class":80},[44,86792,47020],{"class":524},[44,86794,86297],{"class":86296},[44,86796,548],{"class":80},[44,86798,86799,86802,86804,86806,86808,86810,86812,86814,86816],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,86800,86801],{"class":86296},"    file",[44,86803,81],{"class":80},[44,86805,69858],{"class":84},[44,86807,98],{"class":80},[44,86809,362],{"class":58},[44,86811,34530],{"class":62},[44,86813,606],{"class":605},[44,86815,362],{"class":58},[44,86817,104],{"class":80},[35,86819,86821],{"className":37,"code":86820,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,86822,86823,86828,86870],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86824,86825],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86826,86827],{"class":3324},"# Append to a text file\n",[44,86829,86830,86832,86834,86836,86838,86840,86842,86844,86846,86848,86850,86852,86854,86856,86858,86860,86862,86864,86866,86868],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,86831,86255],{"class":524},[44,86833,86258],{"class":94},[44,86835,98],{"class":80},[44,86837,362],{"class":58},[44,86839,86700],{"class":62},[44,86841,362],{"class":58},[44,86843,2646],{"class":80},[44,86845,59],{"class":58},[44,86847,243],{"class":62},[44,86849,362],{"class":58},[44,86851,2646],{"class":80},[44,86853,86280],{"class":8835},[44,86855,55],{"class":54},[44,86857,362],{"class":58},[44,86859,86287],{"class":62},[44,86861,362],{"class":58},[44,86863,3321],{"class":80},[44,86865,47020],{"class":524},[44,86867,86297],{"class":86296},[44,86869,548],{"class":80},[44,86871,86872,86874,86876,86878,86880,86882,86885,86887,86889],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,86873,86801],{"class":86296},[44,86875,81],{"class":80},[44,86877,69858],{"class":84},[44,86879,98],{"class":80},[44,86881,362],{"class":58},[44,86883,86884],{"class":62},"Another line",[44,86886,606],{"class":605},[44,86888,362],{"class":58},[44,86890,104],{"class":80},[20,86892,69010,86893,86895],{},[15,86894,86651],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[30,86897,86899],{"id":86898},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,86901,86902,21642,86904,81],{},[15,86903,86236],{},[830,86905,86361],{},[20,86907,86908],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[139,86910,86911,86916,86921],{},[142,86912,86913],{},[15,86914,86915],{},"file.read()",[142,86917,86918],{},[15,86919,86920],{},"file.write()",[142,86922,86923],{},[15,86924,86925],{},"file.close()",[20,86927,86928],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,86930,161],{},[35,86932,86934],{"className":37,"code":86933,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,86935,86936,86978],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86937,86938,86940,86942,86944,86946,86948,86950,86952,86954,86956,86958,86960,86962,86964,86966,86968,86970,86972,86974,86976],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86939,86255],{"class":524},[44,86941,86258],{"class":94},[44,86943,98],{"class":80},[44,86945,362],{"class":58},[44,86947,86265],{"class":62},[44,86949,362],{"class":58},[44,86951,2646],{"class":80},[44,86953,59],{"class":58},[44,86955,60168],{"class":62},[44,86957,362],{"class":58},[44,86959,2646],{"class":80},[44,86961,86280],{"class":8835},[44,86963,55],{"class":54},[44,86965,362],{"class":58},[44,86967,86287],{"class":62},[44,86969,362],{"class":58},[44,86971,3321],{"class":80},[44,86973,47020],{"class":524},[44,86975,86297],{"class":86296},[44,86977,548],{"class":80},[44,86979,86980,86982,86984,86986,86988,86990],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,86981,553],{"class":94},[44,86983,98],{"class":80},[44,86985,2880],{"class":1461},[44,86987,98],{"class":80},[44,86989,86403],{"class":86296},[44,86991,370],{"class":80},[20,86993,29697],{},[35,86995,86997],{"className":37,"code":86996,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,86998,86999],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87000,87001,87003,87005,87007,87010,87012],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87002,2949],{"class":54},[44,87004,2952],{"class":1717},[44,87006,2955],{"class":58},[44,87008,87009],{"class":62},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[44,87011,655],{"class":58},[44,87013,2962],{"class":54},[20,87015,87016,87017,87019],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87018,86236],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[30,87021,87023],{"id":87022},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87025,87026],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[35,87028,87029],{"className":37,"code":86248,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,87030,87031,87073,87087],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87032,87033,87035,87037,87039,87041,87043,87045,87047,87049,87051,87053,87055,87057,87059,87061,87063,87065,87067,87069,87071],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87034,86255],{"class":524},[44,87036,86258],{"class":94},[44,87038,98],{"class":80},[44,87040,362],{"class":58},[44,87042,86265],{"class":62},[44,87044,362],{"class":58},[44,87046,2646],{"class":80},[44,87048,59],{"class":58},[44,87050,60168],{"class":62},[44,87052,362],{"class":58},[44,87054,2646],{"class":80},[44,87056,86280],{"class":8835},[44,87058,55],{"class":54},[44,87060,362],{"class":58},[44,87062,86287],{"class":62},[44,87064,362],{"class":58},[44,87066,3321],{"class":80},[44,87068,47020],{"class":524},[44,87070,86297],{"class":86296},[44,87072,548],{"class":80},[44,87074,87075,87077,87079,87081,87083,87085],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,87076,86304],{"class":50},[44,87078,55],{"class":54},[44,87080,86297],{"class":86296},[44,87082,81],{"class":80},[44,87084,86313],{"class":84},[44,87086,88],{"class":80},[44,87088,87089,87091,87093,87095],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,87090,553],{"class":94},[44,87092,98],{"class":80},[44,87094,86324],{"class":84},[44,87096,104],{"class":80},[20,87098,87099],{},"Why this is recommended:",[139,87101,87102,87107,87113,87116],{},[142,87103,87104,87106],{},[15,87105,86255],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[142,87108,87109,87110,87112],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87111,86391],{}," yourself",[142,87114,87115],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[142,87117,87118],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87120,83415,87121,87123],{},[15,87122,86255],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[35,87125,87126],{"className":37,"code":86396,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,87127,87128,87166,87180,87190],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87129,87130,87132,87134,87136,87138,87140,87142,87144,87146,87148,87150,87152,87154,87156,87158,87160,87162,87164],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87131,86403],{"class":86296},[44,87133,12939],{"class":54},[44,87135,86258],{"class":94},[44,87137,98],{"class":80},[44,87139,362],{"class":58},[44,87141,86265],{"class":62},[44,87143,362],{"class":58},[44,87145,2646],{"class":80},[44,87147,59],{"class":58},[44,87149,60168],{"class":62},[44,87151,362],{"class":58},[44,87153,2646],{"class":80},[44,87155,86280],{"class":8835},[44,87157,55],{"class":54},[44,87159,362],{"class":58},[44,87161,86287],{"class":62},[44,87163,362],{"class":58},[44,87165,104],{"class":80},[44,87167,87168,87170,87172,87174,87176,87178],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,87169,86442],{"class":50},[44,87171,55],{"class":54},[44,87173,86297],{"class":86296},[44,87175,81],{"class":80},[44,87177,86313],{"class":84},[44,87179,88],{"class":80},[44,87181,87182,87184,87186,87188],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,87183,95],{"class":94},[44,87185,98],{"class":80},[44,87187,86324],{"class":84},[44,87189,104],{"class":80},[44,87191,87192,87194,87196,87198],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,87193,86403],{"class":86296},[44,87195,81],{"class":80},[44,87197,86471],{"class":84},[44,87199,88],{"class":80},[20,87201,87202],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[30,87204,87206],{"id":87205},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87208,87209,87210,87212],{},"Use mode ",[15,87211,86334],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[267,87214,87216],{"id":87215},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87218,87219,87221],{},[15,87220,86371],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[35,87223,87224],{"className":37,"code":86248,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,87225,87226,87268,87282],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87227,87228,87230,87232,87234,87236,87238,87240,87242,87244,87246,87248,87250,87252,87254,87256,87258,87260,87262,87264,87266],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87229,86255],{"class":524},[44,87231,86258],{"class":94},[44,87233,98],{"class":80},[44,87235,362],{"class":58},[44,87237,86265],{"class":62},[44,87239,362],{"class":58},[44,87241,2646],{"class":80},[44,87243,59],{"class":58},[44,87245,60168],{"class":62},[44,87247,362],{"class":58},[44,87249,2646],{"class":80},[44,87251,86280],{"class":8835},[44,87253,55],{"class":54},[44,87255,362],{"class":58},[44,87257,86287],{"class":62},[44,87259,362],{"class":58},[44,87261,3321],{"class":80},[44,87263,47020],{"class":524},[44,87265,86297],{"class":86296},[44,87267,548],{"class":80},[44,87269,87270,87272,87274,87276,87278,87280],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,87271,86304],{"class":50},[44,87273,55],{"class":54},[44,87275,86297],{"class":86296},[44,87277,81],{"class":80},[44,87279,86313],{"class":84},[44,87281,88],{"class":80},[44,87283,87284,87286,87288,87290],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,87285,553],{"class":94},[44,87287,98],{"class":80},[44,87289,86324],{"class":84},[44,87291,104],{"class":80},[267,87293,87295],{"id":87294},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87297,87298,87300],{},[15,87299,86376],{}," reads one line at a time.",[35,87302,87304],{"className":37,"code":87303,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87305,87306,87348,87364],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87307,87308,87310,87312,87314,87316,87318,87320,87322,87324,87326,87328,87330,87332,87334,87336,87338,87340,87342,87344,87346],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87309,86255],{"class":524},[44,87311,86258],{"class":94},[44,87313,98],{"class":80},[44,87315,362],{"class":58},[44,87317,86265],{"class":62},[44,87319,362],{"class":58},[44,87321,2646],{"class":80},[44,87323,59],{"class":58},[44,87325,60168],{"class":62},[44,87327,362],{"class":58},[44,87329,2646],{"class":80},[44,87331,86280],{"class":8835},[44,87333,55],{"class":54},[44,87335,362],{"class":58},[44,87337,86287],{"class":62},[44,87339,362],{"class":58},[44,87341,3321],{"class":80},[44,87343,47020],{"class":524},[44,87345,86297],{"class":86296},[44,87347,548],{"class":80},[44,87349,87350,87353,87355,87357,87359,87362],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,87351,87352],{"class":50},"    first_line ",[44,87354,55],{"class":54},[44,87356,86297],{"class":86296},[44,87358,81],{"class":80},[44,87360,87361],{"class":84},"readline",[44,87363,88],{"class":80},[44,87365,87366,87368,87370,87373],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,87367,553],{"class":94},[44,87369,98],{"class":80},[44,87371,87372],{"class":84},"first_line",[44,87374,104],{"class":80},[267,87376,87378],{"id":87377},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87380,87381],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[35,87383,87385],{"className":37,"code":87384,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87386,87387,87429,87443],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87388,87389,87391,87393,87395,87397,87399,87401,87403,87405,87407,87409,87411,87413,87415,87417,87419,87421,87423,87425,87427],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87390,86255],{"class":524},[44,87392,86258],{"class":94},[44,87394,98],{"class":80},[44,87396,362],{"class":58},[44,87398,86265],{"class":62},[44,87400,362],{"class":58},[44,87402,2646],{"class":80},[44,87404,59],{"class":58},[44,87406,60168],{"class":62},[44,87408,362],{"class":58},[44,87410,2646],{"class":80},[44,87412,86280],{"class":8835},[44,87414,55],{"class":54},[44,87416,362],{"class":58},[44,87418,86287],{"class":62},[44,87420,362],{"class":58},[44,87422,3321],{"class":80},[44,87424,47020],{"class":524},[44,87426,86297],{"class":86296},[44,87428,548],{"class":80},[44,87430,87431,87434,87437,87439,87441],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,87432,87433],{"class":524},"    for",[44,87435,87436],{"class":50}," line ",[44,87438,3544],{"class":524},[44,87440,86297],{"class":86296},[44,87442,548],{"class":80},[44,87444,87445,87447,87449,87451,87453,87455],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,87446,47000],{"class":94},[44,87448,98],{"class":80},[44,87450,46],{"class":84},[44,87452,81],{"class":80},[44,87454,85],{"class":84},[44,87456,201],{"class":80},[20,87458,87459,87460,2532,87464,81],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[243,87461,87463],{"href":87462},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[243,87465,87466],{"href":687},"How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[30,87468,87470],{"id":87469},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87472,119,87473,87475],{},[15,87474,86651],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[35,87477,87479],{"className":37,"code":87478,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87480,87481,87524,87545],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87482,87483,87485,87487,87489,87491,87494,87496,87498,87500,87502,87504,87506,87508,87510,87512,87514,87516,87518,87520,87522],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87484,86255],{"class":524},[44,87486,86258],{"class":94},[44,87488,98],{"class":80},[44,87490,362],{"class":58},[44,87492,87493],{"class":62},"output.txt",[44,87495,362],{"class":58},[44,87497,2646],{"class":80},[44,87499,59],{"class":58},[44,87501,60151],{"class":62},[44,87503,362],{"class":58},[44,87505,2646],{"class":80},[44,87507,86280],{"class":8835},[44,87509,55],{"class":54},[44,87511,362],{"class":58},[44,87513,86287],{"class":62},[44,87515,362],{"class":58},[44,87517,3321],{"class":80},[44,87519,47020],{"class":524},[44,87521,86297],{"class":86296},[44,87523,548],{"class":80},[44,87525,87526,87528,87530,87532,87534,87536,87539,87541,87543],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,87527,86801],{"class":86296},[44,87529,81],{"class":80},[44,87531,69858],{"class":84},[44,87533,98],{"class":80},[44,87535,362],{"class":58},[44,87537,87538],{"class":62},"First line",[44,87540,606],{"class":605},[44,87542,362],{"class":58},[44,87544,104],{"class":80},[44,87546,87547,87549,87551,87553,87555,87557,87560,87562,87564],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,87548,86801],{"class":86296},[44,87550,81],{"class":80},[44,87552,69858],{"class":84},[44,87554,98],{"class":80},[44,87556,362],{"class":58},[44,87558,87559],{"class":62},"Second line",[44,87561,606],{"class":605},[44,87563,362],{"class":58},[44,87565,104],{"class":80},[20,87567,119,87568,87570],{},[15,87569,17762],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[35,87572,87574],{"className":37,"code":87573,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87575,87576,87618],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87577,87578,87580,87582,87584,87586,87588,87590,87592,87594,87596,87598,87600,87602,87604,87606,87608,87610,87612,87614,87616],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87579,86255],{"class":524},[44,87581,86258],{"class":94},[44,87583,98],{"class":80},[44,87585,362],{"class":58},[44,87587,87493],{"class":62},[44,87589,362],{"class":58},[44,87591,2646],{"class":80},[44,87593,59],{"class":58},[44,87595,243],{"class":62},[44,87597,362],{"class":58},[44,87599,2646],{"class":80},[44,87601,86280],{"class":8835},[44,87603,55],{"class":54},[44,87605,362],{"class":58},[44,87607,86287],{"class":62},[44,87609,362],{"class":58},[44,87611,3321],{"class":80},[44,87613,47020],{"class":524},[44,87615,86297],{"class":86296},[44,87617,548],{"class":80},[44,87619,87620,87622,87624,87626,87628,87630,87633,87635,87637],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,87621,86801],{"class":86296},[44,87623,81],{"class":80},[44,87625,69858],{"class":84},[44,87627,98],{"class":80},[44,87629,362],{"class":58},[44,87631,87632],{"class":62},"Third line",[44,87634,606],{"class":605},[44,87636,362],{"class":58},[44,87638,104],{"class":80},[20,87640,87641],{},"Important detail:",[139,87643,87644,87649,87656],{},[142,87645,87646,87648],{},[15,87647,86386],{}," writes a string",[142,87650,87651,828,87653,87655],{},[15,87652,86386],{},[830,87654,832],{}," add a newline for you",[142,87657,87658,87659,87112],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,87660,606],{},[20,87662,87663,87664,2532,87668,81],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[243,87665,87667],{"href":87666},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[243,87669,87671],{"href":87670},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[30,87673,87675],{"id":87674},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,87677,87678],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[267,87680,87682],{"id":87681},"encodingutf-8",[15,87683,86631],{},[20,87685,87686],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[35,87688,87690],{"className":37,"code":87689,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87691,87692,87735],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87693,87694,87696,87698,87700,87702,87705,87707,87709,87711,87713,87715,87717,87719,87721,87723,87725,87727,87729,87731,87733],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87695,86255],{"class":524},[44,87697,86258],{"class":94},[44,87699,98],{"class":80},[44,87701,362],{"class":58},[44,87703,87704],{"class":62},"message.txt",[44,87706,362],{"class":58},[44,87708,2646],{"class":80},[44,87710,59],{"class":58},[44,87712,60168],{"class":62},[44,87714,362],{"class":58},[44,87716,2646],{"class":80},[44,87718,86280],{"class":8835},[44,87720,55],{"class":54},[44,87722,362],{"class":58},[44,87724,86287],{"class":62},[44,87726,362],{"class":58},[44,87728,3321],{"class":80},[44,87730,47020],{"class":524},[44,87732,86297],{"class":86296},[44,87734,548],{"class":80},[44,87736,87737,87739,87741,87743,87745,87747],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,87738,553],{"class":94},[44,87740,98],{"class":80},[44,87742,86403],{"class":86296},[44,87744,81],{"class":80},[44,87746,86313],{"class":84},[44,87748,201],{"class":80},[20,87750,87751],{},"Why it matters:",[139,87753,87754,87757,87760],{},[142,87755,87756],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[142,87758,87759],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[142,87761,87762],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[267,87764,87766],{"id":87765},"newline",[15,87767,87765],{},[20,87769,87770],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,87772,87773],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[267,87775,87777],{"id":87776},"buffering",[15,87778,87776],{},[20,87780,87781],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,87783,87784],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[30,87786,87788],{"id":87787},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,87790,87791],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[267,87793,87795],{"id":87794},"filenotfounderror",[15,87796,87797],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,87799,87800],{},"This happens when:",[139,87802,87803,87806,87809],{},[142,87804,87805],{},"the file does not exist",[142,87807,87808],{},"the path is wrong",[142,87810,87811],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,87813,161],{},[35,87815,87817],{"className":37,"code":87816,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87818,87819,87862],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87820,87821,87823,87825,87827,87829,87832,87834,87836,87838,87840,87842,87844,87846,87848,87850,87852,87854,87856,87858,87860],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87822,86255],{"class":524},[44,87824,86258],{"class":94},[44,87826,98],{"class":80},[44,87828,362],{"class":58},[44,87830,87831],{"class":62},"missing.txt",[44,87833,362],{"class":58},[44,87835,2646],{"class":80},[44,87837,59],{"class":58},[44,87839,60168],{"class":62},[44,87841,362],{"class":58},[44,87843,2646],{"class":80},[44,87845,86280],{"class":8835},[44,87847,55],{"class":54},[44,87849,362],{"class":58},[44,87851,86287],{"class":62},[44,87853,362],{"class":58},[44,87855,3321],{"class":80},[44,87857,47020],{"class":524},[44,87859,86297],{"class":86296},[44,87861,548],{"class":80},[44,87863,87864,87866,87868,87870,87872,87874],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,87865,553],{"class":94},[44,87867,98],{"class":80},[44,87869,86403],{"class":86296},[44,87871,81],{"class":80},[44,87873,86313],{"class":84},[44,87875,201],{"class":80},[20,87877,87878,87879,4057,87887,81],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[243,87880,87882,87883,87886],{"href":87881},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[44,87884,87885],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[243,87888,87890],{"href":87889},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[267,87892,87894],{"id":87893},"permissionerror",[15,87895,87896],{},"PermissionError",[20,87898,87899],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,87901,87902],{},"Example causes:",[139,87904,87905,87908,87911],{},[142,87906,87907],{},"the file is protected",[142,87909,87910],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[142,87912,87913],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,87915,87916,87917],{},"Related page: ",[243,87918,87920,87921,87924],{"href":87919},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[44,87922,87923],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[267,87926,87928],{"id":87927},"isadirectoryerror",[15,87929,87930],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,87932,87933],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,87935,161],{},[35,87937,87939],{"className":37,"code":87938,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87940,87941,87984],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87942,87943,87945,87947,87949,87951,87954,87956,87958,87960,87962,87964,87966,87968,87970,87972,87974,87976,87978,87980,87982],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87944,86255],{"class":524},[44,87946,86258],{"class":94},[44,87948,98],{"class":80},[44,87950,362],{"class":58},[44,87952,87953],{"class":62},"my_folder",[44,87955,362],{"class":58},[44,87957,2646],{"class":80},[44,87959,59],{"class":58},[44,87961,60168],{"class":62},[44,87963,362],{"class":58},[44,87965,2646],{"class":80},[44,87967,86280],{"class":8835},[44,87969,55],{"class":54},[44,87971,362],{"class":58},[44,87973,86287],{"class":62},[44,87975,362],{"class":58},[44,87977,3321],{"class":80},[44,87979,47020],{"class":524},[44,87981,86297],{"class":86296},[44,87983,548],{"class":80},[44,87985,87986,87988,87990,87992,87994,87996],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,87987,553],{"class":94},[44,87989,98],{"class":80},[44,87991,86403],{"class":86296},[44,87993,81],{"class":80},[44,87995,86313],{"class":84},[44,87997,201],{"class":80},[20,87999,87916,88000],{},[243,88001,88003,88004,88007],{"href":88002},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[44,88005,88006],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[267,88009,88011],{"id":88010},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88012,88013],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88015,88016,88017,81],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88018,86236],{},[20,88020,87916,88021],{},[243,88022,88024],{"href":88023},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[30,88026,88028],{"id":88027},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88030,88031,88032,88034],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88033,86236],{}," function.",[20,88036,88037],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[139,88039,88040,88043,88046,88052],{},[142,88041,88042],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[142,88044,88045],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[142,88047,88048,88049,88051],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88050,86236],{}," itself",[142,88053,88054,88055],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[243,88056,88058],{"href":88057},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[30,88060,1238],{"id":1237},[20,88062,88063,88064,2539],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88065,86236],{},[139,88067,88068,88073,88079,88084,88087,88090],{},[142,88069,675,88070,88072],{},[15,88071,86334],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[142,88074,88075,88076,88078],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88077,86535],{}," for text files",[142,88080,675,88081,88083],{},[15,88082,86651],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[142,88085,88086],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[142,88088,88089],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[142,88091,88092],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88094,88095],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[35,88097,88099],{"className":37,"code":88098,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88100,88101,88108],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88102,88103,88105],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88104,34754],{"class":524},[44,88106,88107],{"class":50}," os\n",[44,88109,88110,88112,88114,88116,88118,88121],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,88111,95],{"class":94},[44,88113,98],{"class":80},[44,88115,42290],{"class":84},[44,88117,81],{"class":80},[44,88119,88120],{"class":84},"getcwd",[44,88122,201],{"class":80},[20,88124,88125],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[35,88127,88129],{"className":37,"code":88128,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88130,88131,88137],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88132,88133,88135],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88134,34754],{"class":524},[44,88136,88107],{"class":50},[44,88138,88139,88141,88143,88145,88147,88150,88152,88155,88157,88159,88161,88163],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,88140,95],{"class":94},[44,88142,98],{"class":80},[44,88144,42290],{"class":84},[44,88146,81],{"class":80},[44,88148,88149],{"class":1467},"path",[44,88151,81],{"class":80},[44,88153,88154],{"class":84},"exists",[44,88156,98],{"class":80},[44,88158,362],{"class":58},[44,88160,86265],{"class":62},[44,88162,362],{"class":58},[44,88164,370],{"class":80},[20,88166,88167],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[35,88169,88171],{"className":37,"code":88170,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88172,88173,88179],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88174,88175,88177],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88176,34754],{"class":524},[44,88178,88107],{"class":50},[44,88180,88181,88183,88185,88187,88189,88191,88193,88196,88198,88200,88202,88204],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,88182,95],{"class":94},[44,88184,98],{"class":80},[44,88186,42290],{"class":84},[44,88188,81],{"class":80},[44,88190,88149],{"class":1467},[44,88192,81],{"class":80},[44,88194,88195],{"class":84},"isfile",[44,88197,98],{"class":80},[44,88199,362],{"class":58},[44,88201,86265],{"class":62},[44,88203,362],{"class":58},[44,88205,370],{"class":80},[20,88207,88208],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[35,88210,88212],{"className":37,"code":88211,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88213,88214,88256],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88215,88216,88218,88220,88222,88224,88226,88228,88230,88232,88234,88236,88238,88240,88242,88244,88246,88248,88250,88252,88254],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88217,86255],{"class":524},[44,88219,86258],{"class":94},[44,88221,98],{"class":80},[44,88223,362],{"class":58},[44,88225,86265],{"class":62},[44,88227,362],{"class":58},[44,88229,2646],{"class":80},[44,88231,59],{"class":58},[44,88233,60168],{"class":62},[44,88235,362],{"class":58},[44,88237,2646],{"class":80},[44,88239,86280],{"class":8835},[44,88241,55],{"class":54},[44,88243,362],{"class":58},[44,88245,86287],{"class":62},[44,88247,362],{"class":58},[44,88249,3321],{"class":80},[44,88251,47020],{"class":524},[44,88253,86297],{"class":86296},[44,88255,548],{"class":80},[44,88257,88258,88260,88262,88264,88266,88268],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,88259,553],{"class":94},[44,88261,98],{"class":80},[44,88263,86403],{"class":86296},[44,88265,81],{"class":80},[44,88267,86313],{"class":84},[44,88269,201],{"class":80},[20,88271,88272],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[30,88274,1478],{"id":1477},[267,88276,88278],{"id":88277},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88280,88281],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[267,88283,88285],{"id":88284},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88287,88288,88289,88291],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88290,86255],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[267,88293,4842,88295,4057,88297,88299],{"id":88294},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88296,86651],{},[15,88298,17762],{}," mode?",[20,88301,88302,88304,88305,88307],{},[15,88303,86651],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88306,17762],{}," adds new content to the end.",[267,88309,88311],{"id":88310},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88313,88314],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[267,88316,88318],{"id":88317},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88320,88321,88322,88324],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88323,86631],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[30,88326,1545],{"id":1544},[139,88328,88329,88333,88337,88341,88345,88349,88353,88359],{},[142,88330,88331],{},[243,88332,87463],{"href":87462},[142,88334,88335],{},[243,88336,87667],{"href":87666},[142,88338,88339],{},[243,88340,87671],{"href":87670},[142,88342,88343],{},[243,88344,87466],{"href":687},[142,88346,88347],{},[243,88348,88058],{"href":88057},[142,88350,88351],{},[243,88352,87890],{"href":87889},[142,88354,88355],{},[243,88356,87882,88357,87886],{"href":87881},[44,88358,87885],{},[142,88360,88361],{},[243,88362,87920,88363,87924],{"href":87919},[44,88364,87923],{},[1577,88366,88367],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":88369},[88370,88371,88372,88373,88374,88375,88376,88381,88382,88387,88393,88394,88395,88403],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":86338,"depth":69,"text":86339},{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":86635,"depth":69,"text":86636},{"id":86898,"depth":69,"text":86899},{"id":87022,"depth":69,"text":87023},{"id":87205,"depth":69,"text":87206,"children":88377},[88378,88379,88380],{"id":87215,"depth":91,"text":87216},{"id":87294,"depth":91,"text":87295},{"id":87377,"depth":91,"text":87378},{"id":87469,"depth":69,"text":87470},{"id":87674,"depth":69,"text":87675,"children":88383},[88384,88385,88386],{"id":87681,"depth":91,"text":86631},{"id":87765,"depth":91,"text":87765},{"id":87776,"depth":91,"text":87776},{"id":87787,"depth":69,"text":87788,"children":88388},[88389,88390,88391,88392],{"id":87794,"depth":91,"text":87797},{"id":87893,"depth":91,"text":87896},{"id":87927,"depth":91,"text":87930},{"id":88010,"depth":91,"text":88013},{"id":88027,"depth":69,"text":88028},{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":88396},[88397,88398,88399,88401,88402],{"id":88277,"depth":91,"text":88278},{"id":88284,"depth":91,"text":88285},{"id":88294,"depth":91,"text":88400},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88310,"depth":91,"text":88311},{"id":88317,"depth":91,"text":88318},{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86226,"description":88404},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88411,"title":88412,"body":88413,"description":90408,"extension":1611,"meta":90409,"navigation":184,"path":90410,"seo":90411,"stem":90412,"__hash__":90413},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88414,"toc":90355},[88415,88420,88425,88431,88433,88501,88503,88522,88527,88532,88537,88540,88552,88554,88597,88599,88617,88628,88630,88632,88657,88659,88670,88672,88732,88734,88760,88763,88767,88772,88776,88779,88813,88817,88820,88845,88849,88872,88876,88909,88914,88918,88923,88926,88994,88996,89020,89025,89028,89059,89061,89093,89110,89114,89119,89143,89150,89155,89160,89163,89167,89202,89204,89213,89217,89308,89310,89341,89346,89353,89358,89367,89370,89404,89406,89420,89424,89465,89467,89476,89480,89528,89530,89544,89549,89560,89567,89573,89575,89610,89612,89626,89629,89651,89657,89686,89697,89703,89709,89723,89725,89804,89806,89856,89863,89865,89870,89874,89877,89892,89897,89899,89918,89924,89927,89942,89944,89962,89968,89973,90003,90006,90029,90032,90059,90066,90072,90080,90103,90108,90116,90118,90138,90142,90148,90198,90201,90223,90225,90231,90239,90245,90251,90259,90264,90268,90271,90294,90299,90306,90318,90320,90352],[10,88416,3234,88418,3238],{"id":88417},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88419,46114],{},[20,88421,22,88422,88424],{},[15,88423,46114],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88426,88427,88428,88430],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88429,46114],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[30,88432,1653],{"id":1652},[35,88434,88436],{"className":37,"code":88435,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88437,88438,88450,88459,88463,88473,88483],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88439,88440,88442,88444,88446,88448],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88441,284],{"class":50},[44,88443,55],{"class":54},[44,88445,59],{"class":58},[44,88447,7583],{"class":62},[44,88449,66],{"class":58},[44,88451,88452,88454,88456],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,88453,21295],{"class":50},[44,88455,55],{"class":54},[44,88457,88458],{"class":1675}," 12\n",[44,88460,88461],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,88462,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,88464,88465,88467,88469,88471],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,88466,95],{"class":94},[44,88468,98],{"class":80},[44,88470,302],{"class":84},[44,88472,104],{"class":80},[44,88474,88475,88477,88479,88481],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,88476,95],{"class":94},[44,88478,98],{"class":80},[44,88480,8959],{"class":84},[44,88482,104],{"class":80},[44,88484,88485,88487,88489,88491,88493,88495,88497,88499],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,88486,95],{"class":94},[44,88488,98],{"class":80},[44,88490,362],{"class":58},[44,88492,34530],{"class":62},[44,88494,362],{"class":58},[44,88496,2646],{"class":80},[44,88498,35656],{"class":84},[44,88500,104],{"class":80},[20,88502,107],{},[35,88504,88506],{"className":37,"code":88505,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88507,88508,88513,88517],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88509,88510],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88511,88512],{"class":50},"Mia\n",[44,88514,88515],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,88516,1875],{"class":1675},[44,88518,88519],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,88520,88521],{"class":50},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88523,119,88524,88526],{},[15,88525,46114],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[30,88528,126,88530,129],{"id":88529},"what-print-does",[15,88531,46114],{},[20,88533,88534,88536],{},[15,88535,46114],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88538,88539],{},"You can use it to display:",[139,88541,88542,88544,88546,88549],{},[142,88543,194],{},[142,88545,3308],{},[142,88547,88548],{},"variables",[142,88550,88551],{},"expressions",[20,88553,161],{},[35,88555,88557],{"className":37,"code":88556,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88558,88559,88573,88583],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88560,88561,88563,88565,88567,88569,88571],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88562,95],{"class":94},[44,88564,98],{"class":80},[44,88566,362],{"class":58},[44,88568,34530],{"class":62},[44,88570,362],{"class":58},[44,88572,104],{"class":80},[44,88574,88575,88577,88579,88581],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,88576,95],{"class":94},[44,88578,98],{"class":80},[44,88580,1789],{"class":1675},[44,88582,104],{"class":80},[44,88584,88585,88587,88589,88591,88593,88595],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,88586,95],{"class":94},[44,88588,98],{"class":80},[44,88590,1708],{"class":1675},[44,88592,2107],{"class":54},[44,88594,2104],{"class":1675},[44,88596,104],{"class":80},[20,88598,107],{},[35,88600,88602],{"className":37,"code":88601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88603,88604,88609,88613],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88605,88606],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88607,88608],{"class":50},"Hello\n",[44,88610,88611],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,88612,2602],{"class":1675},[44,88614,88615],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,88616,2602],{"class":1675},[20,88618,88619,88620,88622,88623,88627],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88621,46114],{}," ",[830,88624,3352,88625],{},[15,88626,3439],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[30,88629,250],{"id":249},[20,88631,30393],{},[35,88633,88635],{"className":37,"code":88634,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88636,88637],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88638,88639,88641,88643,88646,88648,88651,88653,88655],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88640,95],{"class":94},[44,88642,98],{"class":80},[44,88644,88645],{"class":84},"object1",[44,88647,2646],{"class":80},[44,88649,88650],{"class":84}," object2",[44,88652,2646],{"class":80},[44,88654,34118],{"class":94},[44,88656,104],{"class":80},[20,88658,79866],{},[139,88660,88661,88664,88667],{},[142,88662,88663],{},"one value",[142,88665,88666],{},"many values",[142,88668,88669],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,88671,161],{},[35,88673,88675],{"className":37,"code":88674,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,88676,88677,88691,88710],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88678,88679,88681,88683,88685,88687,88689],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88680,95],{"class":94},[44,88682,98],{"class":80},[44,88684,362],{"class":58},[44,88686,57430],{"class":62},[44,88688,362],{"class":58},[44,88690,104],{"class":80},[44,88692,88693,88695,88697,88699,88702,88704,88706,88708],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,88694,95],{"class":94},[44,88696,98],{"class":80},[44,88698,362],{"class":58},[44,88700,88701],{"class":62},"Score:",[44,88703,362],{"class":58},[44,88705,2646],{"class":80},[44,88707,5670],{"class":1675},[44,88709,104],{"class":80},[44,88711,88712,88714,88716,88718,88720,88722,88724,88726,88728,88730],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,88713,95],{"class":94},[44,88715,98],{"class":80},[44,88717,362],{"class":58},[44,88719,45226],{"class":62},[44,88721,362],{"class":58},[44,88723,2646],{"class":80},[44,88725,2110],{"class":1675},[44,88727,2107],{"class":54},[44,88729,37309],{"class":1675},[44,88731,104],{"class":80},[20,88733,107],{},[35,88735,88737],{"className":37,"code":88736,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,88738,88739,88743,88752],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88740,88741],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88742,85017],{"class":50},[44,88744,88745,88748,88750],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,88746,88747],{"class":50},"Score",[44,88749,2539],{"class":80},[44,88751,2241],{"class":1675},[44,88753,88754,88756,88758],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,88755,45266],{"class":50},[44,88757,2539],{"class":80},[44,88759,2241],{"class":1675},[20,88761,88762],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[30,88764,88766],{"id":88765},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,88768,88769,88770,81],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,88771,46114],{},[267,88773,88775],{"id":88774},"print-text","Print text",[20,88777,88778],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[35,88780,88782],{"className":37,"code":88781,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,88783,88784,88798],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88785,88786,88788,88790,88792,88794,88796],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88787,95],{"class":94},[44,88789,98],{"class":80},[44,88791,362],{"class":58},[44,88793,34530],{"class":62},[44,88795,362],{"class":58},[44,88797,104],{"class":80},[44,88799,88800,88802,88804,88806,88809,88811],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,88801,95],{"class":94},[44,88803,98],{"class":80},[44,88805,362],{"class":58},[44,88807,88808],{"class":62},"Python is fun",[44,88810,362],{"class":58},[44,88812,104],{"class":80},[267,88814,88816],{"id":88815},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,88818,88819],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[35,88821,88823],{"className":37,"code":88822,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,88824,88825,88835],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88826,88827,88829,88831,88833],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88828,95],{"class":94},[44,88830,98],{"class":80},[44,88832,1789],{"class":1675},[44,88834,104],{"class":80},[44,88836,88837,88839,88841,88843],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,88838,95],{"class":94},[44,88840,98],{"class":80},[44,88842,39810],{"class":1675},[44,88844,104],{"class":80},[267,88846,88848],{"id":88847},"print-variables","Print variables",[35,88850,88852],{"className":37,"code":88851,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,88853,88854,88862],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88855,88856,88858,88860],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88857,4758],{"class":50},[44,88859,55],{"class":54},[44,88861,13793],{"class":1675},[44,88863,88864,88866,88868,88870],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,88865,95],{"class":94},[44,88867,98],{"class":80},[44,88869,85181],{"class":84},[44,88871,104],{"class":80},[267,88873,88875],{"id":88874},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[35,88877,88879],{"className":37,"code":88878,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,88880,88881,88895],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88882,88883,88885,88887,88889,88891,88893],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88884,95],{"class":94},[44,88886,98],{"class":80},[44,88888,1708],{"class":1675},[44,88890,2107],{"class":54},[44,88892,2104],{"class":1675},[44,88894,104],{"class":80},[44,88896,88897,88899,88901,88903,88905,88907],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,88898,95],{"class":94},[44,88900,98],{"class":80},[44,88902,1982],{"class":1675},[44,88904,82495],{"class":54},[44,88906,2110],{"class":1675},[44,88908,104],{"class":80},[20,88910,88911,88912,81],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[243,88913,50638],{"href":245},[30,88915,88917],{"id":88916},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,88919,88920,88922],{},[15,88921,46114],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,88924,88925],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[35,88927,88929],{"className":37,"code":88928,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,88930,88931,88944,88952,88956,88975],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88932,88933,88935,88937,88939,88942],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88934,284],{"class":50},[44,88936,55],{"class":54},[44,88938,59],{"class":58},[44,88940,88941],{"class":62},"Ava",[44,88943,66],{"class":58},[44,88945,88946,88948,88950],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,88947,21295],{"class":50},[44,88949,55],{"class":54},[44,88951,2241],{"class":1675},[44,88953,88954],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,88955,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,88957,88958,88960,88962,88964,88967,88969,88971,88973],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,88959,95],{"class":94},[44,88961,98],{"class":80},[44,88963,362],{"class":58},[44,88965,88966],{"class":62},"Name:",[44,88968,362],{"class":58},[44,88970,2646],{"class":80},[44,88972,35656],{"class":84},[44,88974,104],{"class":80},[44,88976,88977,88979,88981,88983,88986,88988,88990,88992],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,88978,95],{"class":94},[44,88980,98],{"class":80},[44,88982,362],{"class":58},[44,88984,88985],{"class":62},"Age:",[44,88987,362],{"class":58},[44,88989,2646],{"class":80},[44,88991,8848],{"class":84},[44,88993,104],{"class":80},[20,88995,107],{},[35,88997,88999],{"className":37,"code":88998,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89000,89001,89011],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89002,89003,89006,89008],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89004,89005],{"class":50},"Name",[44,89007,2539],{"class":80},[44,89009,89010],{"class":50}," Ava\n",[44,89012,89013,89016,89018],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,89014,89015],{"class":50},"Age",[44,89017,2539],{"class":80},[44,89019,2241],{"class":1675},[20,89021,89022,89023,81],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89024,1711],{},[20,89026,89027],{},"For example, this works:",[35,89029,89031],{"className":37,"code":89030,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89032,89033,89041],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89034,89035,89037,89039],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89036,21295],{"class":50},[44,89038,55],{"class":54},[44,89040,2241],{"class":1675},[44,89042,89043,89045,89047,89049,89051,89053,89055,89057],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,89044,95],{"class":94},[44,89046,98],{"class":80},[44,89048,362],{"class":58},[44,89050,88985],{"class":62},[44,89052,362],{"class":58},[44,89054,2646],{"class":80},[44,89056,8848],{"class":84},[44,89058,104],{"class":80},[20,89060,36591],{},[35,89062,89064],{"className":37,"code":89063,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89065,89066,89074],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89067,89068,89070,89072],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89069,21295],{"class":50},[44,89071,55],{"class":54},[44,89073,2241],{"class":1675},[44,89075,89076,89078,89080,89082,89085,89087,89089,89091],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,89077,95],{"class":94},[44,89079,98],{"class":80},[44,89081,362],{"class":58},[44,89083,89084],{"class":62},"Age: ",[44,89086,362],{"class":58},[44,89088,2107],{"class":54},[44,89090,8848],{"class":84},[44,89092,104],{"class":80},[20,89094,89095,89096,89099,89100,89102,89103,89105,89106,81],{},"That fails because ",[15,89097,89098],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89101,8959],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89104,1711],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[243,89107,89108],{"href":41839},[15,89109,47346],{},[30,89111,89113],{"id":89112},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89115,89116,89118],{},[15,89117,46114],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[139,89120,89121,89127,89132,89137],{},[142,89122,89123,89126],{},[15,89124,89125],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[142,89128,89129,89131],{},[15,89130,52322],{}," controls what is added after the output",[142,89133,89134,89136],{},[15,89135,86403],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[142,89138,89139,89142],{},[15,89140,89141],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89144,89145,89146,4057,89148,81],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89147,89125],{},[15,89149,52322],{},[30,89151,89153,36280],{"id":89152},"sep-argument",[15,89154,89125],{},[20,89156,1628,89157,89159],{},[15,89158,89125],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89161,89162],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[267,89164,89166],{"id":89165},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[35,89168,89170],{"className":37,"code":89169,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89171,89172],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89173,89174,89176,89178,89180,89182,89184,89186,89188,89190,89192,89194,89196,89198,89200],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89175,95],{"class":94},[44,89177,98],{"class":80},[44,89179,362],{"class":58},[44,89181,12755],{"class":62},[44,89183,362],{"class":58},[44,89185,2646],{"class":80},[44,89187,59],{"class":58},[44,89189,17121],{"class":62},[44,89191,362],{"class":58},[44,89193,2646],{"class":80},[44,89195,59],{"class":58},[44,89197,12772],{"class":62},[44,89199,362],{"class":58},[44,89201,104],{"class":80},[20,89203,107],{},[35,89205,89207],{"className":37,"code":89206,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red green blue\n",[15,89208,89209],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89210,89211],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89212,89206],{"class":50},[267,89214,89216],{"id":89215},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[35,89218,89220],{"className":37,"code":89219,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89221,89222,89265],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89223,89224,89226,89228,89230,89232,89234,89236,89238,89240,89242,89244,89246,89248,89250,89252,89255,89257,89259,89261,89263],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89225,95],{"class":94},[44,89227,98],{"class":80},[44,89229,362],{"class":58},[44,89231,12755],{"class":62},[44,89233,362],{"class":58},[44,89235,2646],{"class":80},[44,89237,59],{"class":58},[44,89239,17121],{"class":62},[44,89241,362],{"class":58},[44,89243,2646],{"class":80},[44,89245,59],{"class":58},[44,89247,12772],{"class":62},[44,89249,362],{"class":58},[44,89251,2646],{"class":80},[44,89253,89254],{"class":8835}," sep",[44,89256,55],{"class":54},[44,89258,362],{"class":58},[44,89260,2646],{"class":62},[44,89262,362],{"class":58},[44,89264,104],{"class":80},[44,89266,89267,89269,89271,89273,89275,89277,89279,89281,89283,89285,89287,89289,89291,89293,89295,89297,89299,89301,89304,89306],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,89268,95],{"class":94},[44,89270,98],{"class":80},[44,89272,362],{"class":58},[44,89274,12755],{"class":62},[44,89276,362],{"class":58},[44,89278,2646],{"class":80},[44,89280,59],{"class":58},[44,89282,17121],{"class":62},[44,89284,362],{"class":58},[44,89286,2646],{"class":80},[44,89288,59],{"class":58},[44,89290,12772],{"class":62},[44,89292,362],{"class":58},[44,89294,2646],{"class":80},[44,89296,89254],{"class":8835},[44,89298,55],{"class":54},[44,89300,362],{"class":58},[44,89302,89303],{"class":62}," - ",[44,89305,362],{"class":58},[44,89307,104],{"class":80},[20,89309,107],{},[35,89311,89313],{"className":37,"code":89312,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89314,89315,89327],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89316,89317,89319,89321,89323,89325],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89318,12755],{"class":50},[44,89320,2646],{"class":80},[44,89322,17121],{"class":50},[44,89324,2646],{"class":80},[44,89326,69644],{"class":50},[44,89328,89329,89332,89334,89337,89339],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,89330,89331],{"class":50},"red ",[44,89333,1672],{"class":54},[44,89335,89336],{"class":50}," green ",[44,89338,1672],{"class":54},[44,89340,35545],{"class":50},[20,89342,89343,89345],{},[15,89344,89125],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89347,89348,89349,81],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[243,89350,89352],{"href":89351},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[30,89354,89356,36280],{"id":89355},"end-argument",[15,89357,52322],{},[20,89359,89360,89361,89363,89364,89366],{},"By default, ",[15,89362,46114],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89365,46114],{}," starts on a new line.",[267,89368,89166],{"id":89369},"default-behavior-1",[35,89371,89373],{"className":37,"code":89372,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89374,89375,89389],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89376,89377,89379,89381,89383,89385,89387],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89378,95],{"class":94},[44,89380,98],{"class":80},[44,89382,362],{"class":58},[44,89384,34530],{"class":62},[44,89386,362],{"class":58},[44,89388,104],{"class":80},[44,89390,89391,89393,89395,89397,89400,89402],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,89392,95],{"class":94},[44,89394,98],{"class":80},[44,89396,362],{"class":58},[44,89398,89399],{"class":62},"World",[44,89401,362],{"class":58},[44,89403,104],{"class":80},[20,89405,107],{},[35,89407,89409],{"className":37,"code":89408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89410,89411,89415],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89412,89413],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89414,88608],{"class":50},[44,89416,89417],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,89418,89419],{"class":50},"World\n",[267,89421,89423],{"id":89422},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[35,89425,89427],{"className":37,"code":89426,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89428,89429,89451],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89430,89431,89433,89435,89437,89439,89441,89443,89445,89447,89449],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89432,95],{"class":94},[44,89434,98],{"class":80},[44,89436,362],{"class":58},[44,89438,34530],{"class":62},[44,89440,362],{"class":58},[44,89442,2646],{"class":80},[44,89444,64703],{"class":8835},[44,89446,55],{"class":54},[44,89448,5937],{"class":58},[44,89450,104],{"class":80},[44,89452,89453,89455,89457,89459,89461,89463],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,89454,95],{"class":94},[44,89456,98],{"class":80},[44,89458,362],{"class":58},[44,89460,89399],{"class":62},[44,89462,362],{"class":58},[44,89464,104],{"class":80},[20,89466,107],{},[35,89468,89470],{"className":37,"code":89469,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89471,89472],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89473,89474],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89475,89469],{"class":50},[267,89477,89479],{"id":89478},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[35,89481,89483],{"className":37,"code":89482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89484,89485,89514],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89486,89487,89489,89491,89493,89495,89497,89499,89501,89503,89505,89508,89510,89512],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89488,95],{"class":94},[44,89490,98],{"class":80},[44,89492,362],{"class":58},[44,89494,34530],{"class":62},[44,89496,362],{"class":58},[44,89498,2646],{"class":80},[44,89500,64703],{"class":8835},[44,89502,55],{"class":54},[44,89504,362],{"class":58},[44,89506,89507],{"class":62},"!",[44,89509,606],{"class":605},[44,89511,362],{"class":58},[44,89513,104],{"class":80},[44,89515,89516,89518,89520,89522,89524,89526],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,89517,95],{"class":94},[44,89519,98],{"class":80},[44,89521,362],{"class":58},[44,89523,89399],{"class":62},[44,89525,362],{"class":58},[44,89527,104],{"class":80},[20,89529,107],{},[35,89531,89533],{"className":37,"code":89532,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89534,89535,89540],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89536,89537],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89538,89539],{"class":50},"Hello!\n",[44,89541,89542],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,89543,89419],{"class":50},[20,89545,1628,89546,89548],{},[15,89547,52322],{}," argument is useful for:",[139,89550,89551,89554,89557],{},[142,89552,89553],{},"progress messages",[142,89555,89556],{},"inline output",[142,89558,89559],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[30,89561,89563,2049,89565],{"id":89562},"print-returns-none",[15,89564,46114],{},[15,89566,3439],{},[20,89568,89569,89570,89572],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89571,46114],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89574,161],{},[35,89576,89578],{"className":37,"code":89577,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89579,89580,89600],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89581,89582,89584,89586,89589,89591,89593,89596,89598],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89583,1880],{"class":50},[44,89585,55],{"class":54},[44,89587,89588],{"class":94}," print",[44,89590,98],{"class":80},[44,89592,362],{"class":58},[44,89594,89595],{"class":62},"Hi",[44,89597,362],{"class":58},[44,89599,104],{"class":80},[44,89601,89602,89604,89606,89608],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,89603,95],{"class":94},[44,89605,98],{"class":80},[44,89607,1915],{"class":84},[44,89609,104],{"class":80},[20,89611,107],{},[35,89613,89615],{"className":37,"code":89614,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89616,89617,89622],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89618,89619],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89620,89621],{"class":50},"Hi\n",[44,89623,89624],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,89625,11470],{"class":3513},[20,89627,89628],{},"Why does this happen?",[139,89630,89631,89639,89644],{},[142,89632,89633,89636,89637],{},[15,89634,89635],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89638,89595],{},[142,89640,89641,89642],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89643,3439],{},[142,89645,89646,89647,11582,89649],{},"so ",[15,89648,1915],{},[15,89650,3439],{},[20,89652,89653,89654,89656],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,89655,46114],{}," call.",[35,89658,89660],{"className":37,"code":89659,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,89661,89662,89675],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89663,89664,89667,89669,89671,89673],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89665,89666],{"class":50},"message ",[44,89668,55],{"class":54},[44,89670,59],{"class":58},[44,89672,89595],{"class":62},[44,89674,66],{"class":58},[44,89676,89677,89679,89681,89684],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,89678,95],{"class":94},[44,89680,98],{"class":80},[44,89682,89683],{"class":84},"message",[44,89685,104],{"class":80},[20,89687,89688,89689,89691,89692,89696],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,89690,46114],{}," with functions like ",[243,89693,89694],{"href":7880},[15,89695,419],{},", which do return a value.",[30,89698,89700,89701],{"id":89699},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,89702,46114],{},[20,89704,89705,89706,89708],{},"Beginners use ",[15,89707,46114],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[139,89710,89711,89714,89717,89720],{},[142,89712,89713],{},"to display results to the user",[142,89715,89716],{},"to show messages in a script",[142,89718,89719],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[142,89721,89722],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,89724,161],{},[35,89726,89728],{"className":37,"code":89727,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,89729,89730,89738,89742,89762,89773],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89731,89732,89734,89736],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89733,40850],{"class":50},[44,89735,55],{"class":54},[44,89737,38179],{"class":1675},[44,89739,89740],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,89741,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,89743,89744,89746,89748,89750,89752,89754,89756,89758,89760],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,89745,5623],{"class":524},[44,89747,6051],{"class":50},[44,89749,3544],{"class":524},[44,89751,53731],{"class":94},[44,89753,98],{"class":80},[44,89755,2643],{"class":1675},[44,89757,2646],{"class":80},[44,89759,2110],{"class":1675},[44,89761,8003],{"class":80},[44,89763,89764,89767,89770],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,89765,89766],{"class":50},"    total ",[44,89768,89769],{"class":54},"+=",[44,89771,89772],{"class":50}," number\n",[44,89774,89775,89777,89779,89781,89784,89786,89788,89790,89792,89794,89796,89798,89800,89802],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,89776,553],{"class":94},[44,89778,98],{"class":80},[44,89780,362],{"class":58},[44,89782,89783],{"class":62},"Current number:",[44,89785,362],{"class":58},[44,89787,2646],{"class":80},[44,89789,1847],{"class":84},[44,89791,2646],{"class":80},[44,89793,59],{"class":58},[44,89795,45226],{"class":62},[44,89797,362],{"class":58},[44,89799,2646],{"class":80},[44,89801,45233],{"class":84},[44,89803,104],{"class":80},[20,89805,107],{},[35,89807,89809],{"className":37,"code":89808,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,89810,89811,89827,89841],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89812,89813,89816,89818,89820,89823,89825],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89814,89815],{"class":50},"Current number",[44,89817,2539],{"class":80},[44,89819,5162],{"class":1675},[44,89821,89822],{"class":50}," Total",[44,89824,2539],{"class":80},[44,89826,29283],{"class":1675},[44,89828,89829,89831,89833,89835,89837,89839],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,89830,89815],{"class":50},[44,89832,2539],{"class":80},[44,89834,2649],{"class":1675},[44,89836,89822],{"class":50},[44,89838,2539],{"class":80},[44,89840,2231],{"class":1675},[44,89842,89843,89845,89847,89849,89851,89853],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,89844,89815],{"class":50},[44,89846,2539],{"class":80},[44,89848,2104],{"class":1675},[44,89850,89822],{"class":50},[44,89852,2539],{"class":80},[44,89854,89855],{"class":1675}," 6\n",[20,89857,89858,89859,81],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[243,89860,89862],{"href":89861},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[30,89864,1238],{"id":1237},[20,89866,89867,89868,81],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,89869,46114],{},[267,89871,89873],{"id":89872},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,89875,89876],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[35,89878,89880],{"className":37,"code":89879,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(Hello)\n",[15,89881,89882],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89883,89884,89886,89888,89890],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89885,95],{"class":94},[44,89887,98],{"class":80},[44,89889,34530],{"class":84},[44,89891,104],{"class":80},[20,89893,8534,89894,89896],{},[15,89895,34530],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,89898,10467],{},[35,89900,89902],{"className":37,"code":89901,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,89903,89904],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89905,89906,89908,89910,89912,89914,89916],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89907,95],{"class":94},[44,89909,98],{"class":80},[44,89911,362],{"class":58},[44,89913,34530],{"class":62},[44,89915,362],{"class":58},[44,89917,104],{"class":80},[267,89919,675,89921,89923],{"id":89920},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,89922,95],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,89925,89926],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[35,89928,89930],{"className":37,"code":89929,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,89931,89932],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89933,89934,89936,89938,89940],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89935,95],{"class":94},[44,89937,59],{"class":58},[44,89939,34530],{"class":62},[44,89941,66],{"class":58},[20,89943,10467],{},[35,89945,89946],{"className":37,"code":89901,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,89947,89948],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89949,89950,89952,89954,89956,89958,89960],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89951,95],{"class":94},[44,89953,98],{"class":80},[44,89955,362],{"class":58},[44,89957,34530],{"class":62},[44,89959,362],{"class":58},[44,89961,104],{"class":80},[267,89963,89965,89966],{"id":89964},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,89967,1711],{},[20,89969,89970,89971,81],{},"This causes a ",[15,89972,2662],{},[35,89974,89975],{"className":37,"code":89063,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,89976,89977,89985],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89978,89979,89981,89983],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89980,21295],{"class":50},[44,89982,55],{"class":54},[44,89984,2241],{"class":1675},[44,89986,89987,89989,89991,89993,89995,89997,89999,90001],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,89988,95],{"class":94},[44,89990,98],{"class":80},[44,89992,362],{"class":58},[44,89994,89084],{"class":62},[44,89996,362],{"class":58},[44,89998,2107],{"class":54},[44,90000,8848],{"class":84},[44,90002,104],{"class":80},[20,90004,90005],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[35,90007,90009],{"className":37,"code":90008,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90010,90011],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90012,90013,90015,90017,90019,90021,90023,90025,90027],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90014,95],{"class":94},[44,90016,98],{"class":80},[44,90018,362],{"class":58},[44,90020,88985],{"class":62},[44,90022,362],{"class":58},[44,90024,2646],{"class":80},[44,90026,8848],{"class":84},[44,90028,104],{"class":80},[20,90030,90031],{},"Or convert the number first:",[35,90033,90035],{"className":37,"code":90034,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90036,90037],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90038,90039,90041,90043,90045,90047,90049,90051,90053,90055,90057],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90040,95],{"class":94},[44,90042,98],{"class":80},[44,90044,362],{"class":58},[44,90046,89084],{"class":62},[44,90048,362],{"class":58},[44,90050,2107],{"class":54},[44,90052,48566],{"class":1461},[44,90054,98],{"class":80},[44,90056,8959],{"class":84},[44,90058,370],{"class":80},[20,90060,90061,90062,81],{},"If you see this error, read ",[243,90063,90065],{"href":90064},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[267,90067,1246,90069,90071],{"id":90068},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90070,46114],{}," to return a value",[20,90073,90074,90075,34993,90078,2539],{},"This does not store ",[15,90076,90077],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90079,1915],{},[35,90081,90083],{"className":37,"code":90082,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90084,90085],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90086,90087,90089,90091,90093,90095,90097,90099,90101],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90088,1880],{"class":50},[44,90090,55],{"class":54},[44,90092,89588],{"class":94},[44,90094,98],{"class":80},[44,90096,362],{"class":58},[44,90098,34530],{"class":62},[44,90100,362],{"class":58},[44,90102,104],{"class":80},[20,90104,90105,90106,81],{},"It stores ",[15,90107,3439],{},[267,90109,90111,90112,4057,90114],{"id":90110},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90113,89125],{},[15,90115,52322],{},[20,90117,85473],{},[139,90119,90120,90129],{},[142,90121,90122,90124,90125,90128],{},[15,90123,89125],{}," changes what goes ",[830,90126,90127],{},"between"," multiple values",[142,90130,90131,90133,90134,90137],{},[15,90132,52322],{}," changes what appears ",[830,90135,90136],{},"after"," the output",[30,90139,90141],{"id":90140},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90143,90144,90145,90147],{},"These simple ",[15,90146,46114],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[35,90149,90151],{"className":37,"code":90150,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90152,90153,90173,90188],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90154,90155,90157,90159,90161,90164,90166,90168,90171],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90156,95],{"class":94},[44,90158,98],{"class":80},[44,90160,362],{"class":58},[44,90162,90163],{"class":62},"Debug:",[44,90165,362],{"class":58},[44,90167,2646],{"class":80},[44,90169,90170],{"class":84}," variable_name",[44,90172,104],{"class":80},[44,90174,90175,90177,90179,90181,90183,90186],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,90176,95],{"class":94},[44,90178,98],{"class":80},[44,90180,2880],{"class":1461},[44,90182,98],{"class":80},[44,90184,90185],{"class":84},"variable_name",[44,90187,370],{"class":80},[44,90189,90190,90192,90194,90196],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,90191,1456],{"class":94},[44,90193,98],{"class":80},[44,90195,95],{"class":94},[44,90197,104],{"class":80},[20,90199,90200],{},"What they do:",[139,90202,90203,90209,90215],{},[142,90204,90205,90208],{},[15,90206,90207],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[142,90210,90211,90214],{},[15,90212,90213],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[142,90216,90217,90220,90221],{},[15,90218,90219],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90222,46114],{},[30,90224,1478],{"id":1477},[267,90226,1482,90228,90230],{"id":90227},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90229,46114],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90232,90233,90234,90236,90237,36286],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90235,46114],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90238,52322],{},[267,90240,4832,90242,90244],{"id":90241},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90243,46114],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90246,90247,90248,90250],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90249,46114],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[267,90252,4820,90254,4823,90257,1520],{"id":90253},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90255,90256],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90258,3439],{},[20,90260,28729,90261,90263],{},[15,90262,46114],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[267,90265,90267],{"id":90266},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90269,90270],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[35,90272,90274],{"className":37,"code":90273,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90275,90276],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90277,90278,90280,90282,90284,90286,90288,90290,90292],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90279,95],{"class":94},[44,90281,98],{"class":80},[44,90283,362],{"class":58},[44,90285,88985],{"class":62},[44,90287,362],{"class":58},[44,90289,2646],{"class":80},[44,90291,5670],{"class":1675},[44,90293,104],{"class":80},[20,90295,90296,90297,39596],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90298,47346],{},[267,90300,4842,90302,4057,90304,1520],{"id":90301},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90303,89125],{},[15,90305,52322],{},[139,90307,90308,90313],{},[142,90309,90310,90312],{},[15,90311,89125],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[142,90314,90315,90317],{},[15,90316,52322],{}," changes what appears after the output",[30,90319,1545],{"id":1544},[139,90321,90322,90326,90332,90338,90343,90348],{},[142,90323,90324],{},[243,90325,50638],{"href":245},[142,90327,90328],{},[243,90329,3234,90330,3167],{"href":7880},[15,90331,419],{},[142,90333,90334],{},[243,90335,3234,90336,3167],{"href":41839},[15,90337,47346],{},[142,90339,90340],{},[243,90341,90342],{"href":89351},"How to format strings in Python",[142,90344,90345],{},[243,90346,90347],{"href":89861},"How to debug Python code",[142,90349,90350],{},[243,90351,90065],{"href":90064},[1577,90353,90354],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":90356},[90357,90358,90360,90361,90367,90368,90369,90374,90380,90382,90384,90395,90396,90407],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":88529,"depth":69,"text":90359},"What print() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":88765,"depth":69,"text":88766,"children":90362},[90363,90364,90365,90366],{"id":88774,"depth":91,"text":88775},{"id":88815,"depth":91,"text":88816},{"id":88847,"depth":91,"text":88848},{"id":88874,"depth":91,"text":88875},{"id":88916,"depth":69,"text":88917},{"id":89112,"depth":69,"text":89113},{"id":89152,"depth":69,"text":90370,"children":90371},"sep argument",[90372,90373],{"id":89165,"depth":91,"text":89166},{"id":89215,"depth":91,"text":89216},{"id":89355,"depth":69,"text":90375,"children":90376},"end argument",[90377,90378,90379],{"id":89369,"depth":91,"text":89166},{"id":89422,"depth":91,"text":89423},{"id":89478,"depth":91,"text":89479},{"id":89562,"depth":69,"text":90381},"print() returns None",{"id":89699,"depth":69,"text":90383},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238,"children":90385},[90386,90387,90389,90391,90393],{"id":89872,"depth":91,"text":89873},{"id":89920,"depth":91,"text":90388},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":89964,"depth":91,"text":90390},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90068,"depth":91,"text":90392},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90110,"depth":91,"text":90394},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90140,"depth":69,"text":90141},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":90397},[90398,90400,90402,90404,90405],{"id":90227,"depth":91,"text":90399},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90241,"depth":91,"text":90401},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90253,"depth":91,"text":90403},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90266,"depth":91,"text":90267},{"id":90301,"depth":91,"text":90406},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88412,"description":90408},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90415,"title":90416,"body":90417,"description":92721,"extension":1611,"meta":92722,"navigation":184,"path":92723,"seo":92724,"stem":92725,"__hash__":92726},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90418,"toc":92667},[90419,90424,90429,90442,90444,90509,90520,90525,90530,90532,90555,90558,90589,90591,90608,90613,90619,90624,90673,90676,90693,90699,90704,90727,90729,90757,90763,90771,90798,90800,90825,90831,90834,90865,90867,90896,90900,90903,90908,90930,90932,90960,90966,90972,90998,91000,91024,91030,91036,91066,91068,91096,91106,91110,91116,91149,91151,91180,91183,91186,91219,91221,91229,91235,91237,91260,91265,91274,91279,91293,91295,91335,91337,91367,91371,91406,91412,91416,91460,91462,91492,91498,91501,91580,91582,91604,91612,91615,91678,91686,91761,91767,91774,91779,91784,91807,91809,91830,91832,91845,91847,91894,91896,91935,91944,91946,91950,91954,91957,91984,91987,92016,92019,92043,92046,92054,92060,92082,92084,92112,92116,92121,92176,92181,92183,92240,92247,92256,92259,92291,92293,92301,92304,92310,92312,92335,92338,92344,92347,92366,92368,92387,92390,92412,92414,92442,92446,92450,92555,92557,92570,92572,92578,92581,92589,92594,92600,92606,92611,92619,92625,92632,92634,92664],[10,90420,3234,90422,3238],{"id":90421},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90423,35863],{},[20,90425,22,90426,90428],{},[15,90427,35863],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90430,90431,90432,90434,90435,90437,90438,90441],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90433,5623],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90436,35863],{}," stops ",[830,90439,90440],{},"before"," the end value.",[30,90443,1653],{"id":1652},[35,90445,90447],{"className":37,"code":90446,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90448,90449,90465,90475,90479,90484,90489,90494,90499,90504],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90450,90451,90453,90455,90457,90459,90461,90463],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90452,5623],{"class":524},[44,90454,69211],{"class":50},[44,90456,3544],{"class":524},[44,90458,53731],{"class":94},[44,90460,98],{"class":80},[44,90462,1789],{"class":1675},[44,90464,8003],{"class":80},[44,90466,90467,90469,90471,90473],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,90468,553],{"class":94},[44,90470,98],{"class":80},[44,90472,35819],{"class":84},[44,90474,104],{"class":80},[44,90476,90477],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,90478,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,90480,90481],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,90482,90483],{"class":3324},"# Output:\n",[44,90485,90486],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,90487,90488],{"class":3324},"# 0\n",[44,90490,90491],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,90492,90493],{"class":3324},"# 1\n",[44,90495,90496],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,90497,90498],{"class":3324},"# 2\n",[44,90500,90501],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,90502,90503],{"class":3324},"# 3\n",[44,90505,90506],{"class":46,"line":6095},[44,90507,90508],{"class":3324},"# 4\n",[20,90510,90511,90514,90515,90517,90518,81],{},[15,90512,90513],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90516,1772],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90519,1789],{},[30,90521,126,90523,129],{"id":90522},"what-range-does",[15,90524,35863],{},[20,90526,90527,90529],{},[15,90528,35863],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90531,137],{},[139,90533,90534,90539,90545,90550],{},[142,90535,90536,90538],{},[15,90537,35863],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[142,90540,90541,90542,90544],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90543,5623],{}," loops",[142,90546,90547,90548],{},"The stop value is ",[830,90549,64732],{},[142,90551,17087,90552,90554],{},[15,90553,59661],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90556,90557],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[35,90559,90561],{"className":37,"code":90560,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90562,90563,90579],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90564,90565,90567,90569,90571,90573,90575,90577],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90566,5623],{"class":524},[44,90568,6051],{"class":50},[44,90570,3544],{"class":524},[44,90572,53731],{"class":94},[44,90574,98],{"class":80},[44,90576,1714],{"class":1675},[44,90578,8003],{"class":80},[44,90580,90581,90583,90585,90587],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,90582,553],{"class":94},[44,90584,98],{"class":80},[44,90586,1890],{"class":84},[44,90588,104],{"class":80},[20,90590,107],{},[35,90592,90594],{"className":37,"code":90593,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90595,90596,90600,90604],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90597,90598],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90599,46914],{"class":1675},[44,90601,90602],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,90603,46579],{"class":1675},[44,90605,90606],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,90607,16721],{"class":1675},[20,90609,90610,90611,81],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[243,90612,35693],{"href":35692},[30,90614,90616,90618],{"id":90615},"range-syntax",[15,90617,35863],{}," syntax",[20,90620,90621,90623],{},[15,90622,35863],{}," has three common forms:",[35,90625,90627],{"className":37,"code":90626,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90628,90629,90639,90654],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90630,90631,90633,90635,90637],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90632,59661],{"class":94},[44,90634,98],{"class":80},[44,90636,75089],{"class":84},[44,90638,104],{"class":80},[44,90640,90641,90643,90645,90647,90649,90652],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,90642,59661],{"class":94},[44,90644,98],{"class":80},[44,90646,35737],{"class":84},[44,90648,2646],{"class":80},[44,90650,90651],{"class":84}," stop",[44,90653,104],{"class":80},[44,90655,90656,90658,90660,90662,90664,90666,90668,90671],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,90657,59661],{"class":94},[44,90659,98],{"class":80},[44,90661,35737],{"class":84},[44,90663,2646],{"class":80},[44,90665,90651],{"class":84},[44,90667,2646],{"class":80},[44,90669,90670],{"class":84}," step",[44,90672,104],{"class":80},[20,90674,90675],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[139,90677,90678,90683,90688],{},[142,90679,90680,90682],{},[15,90681,35737],{}," = first number",[142,90684,90685,90687],{},[15,90686,75089],{}," = end limit, not included",[142,90689,90690,90692],{},[15,90691,75092],{}," = amount to move each time",[267,90694,90696],{"id":90695},"rangestop",[15,90697,90698],{},"range(stop)",[20,90700,90701,90702,81],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,90703,1772],{},[35,90705,90707],{"className":37,"code":90706,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,90708,90709],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90710,90711,90713,90715,90717,90719,90721,90723,90725],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90712,95],{"class":94},[44,90714,98],{"class":80},[44,90716,7754],{"class":1461},[44,90718,98],{"class":80},[44,90720,59661],{"class":94},[44,90722,98],{"class":80},[44,90724,1789],{"class":1675},[44,90726,2567],{"class":80},[20,90728,107],{},[35,90730,90731],{"className":37,"code":59684,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90732,90733],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90734,90735,90737,90739,90741,90743,90745,90747,90749,90751,90753,90755],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90736,3561],{"class":80},[44,90738,1772],{"class":1675},[44,90740,2646],{"class":80},[44,90742,5162],{"class":1675},[44,90744,2646],{"class":80},[44,90746,2649],{"class":1675},[44,90748,2646],{"class":80},[44,90750,2104],{"class":1675},[44,90752,2646],{"class":80},[44,90754,2110],{"class":1675},[44,90756,3294],{"class":80},[267,90758,90760],{"id":90759},"rangestart-stop",[15,90761,90762],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,90764,90765,90766,90768,90769,81],{},"This starts at ",[15,90767,35737],{}," and stops before ",[15,90770,75089],{},[35,90772,90774],{"className":37,"code":90773,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,90775,90776],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90777,90778,90780,90782,90784,90786,90788,90790,90792,90794,90796],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90779,95],{"class":94},[44,90781,98],{"class":80},[44,90783,7754],{"class":1461},[44,90785,98],{"class":80},[44,90787,59661],{"class":94},[44,90789,98],{"class":80},[44,90791,1708],{"class":1675},[44,90793,2646],{"class":80},[44,90795,37309],{"class":1675},[44,90797,2567],{"class":80},[20,90799,107],{},[35,90801,90803],{"className":37,"code":90802,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,90804,90805],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90806,90807,90809,90811,90813,90815,90817,90819,90821,90823],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90808,3561],{"class":80},[44,90810,1708],{"class":1675},[44,90812,2646],{"class":80},[44,90814,2104],{"class":1675},[44,90816,2646],{"class":80},[44,90818,2110],{"class":1675},[44,90820,2646],{"class":80},[44,90822,4270],{"class":1675},[44,90824,3294],{"class":80},[267,90826,90828],{"id":90827},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,90829,90830],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,90832,90833],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[35,90835,90837],{"className":37,"code":90836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,90838,90839],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90840,90841,90843,90845,90847,90849,90851,90853,90855,90857,90859,90861,90863],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90842,95],{"class":94},[44,90844,98],{"class":80},[44,90846,7754],{"class":1461},[44,90848,98],{"class":80},[44,90850,59661],{"class":94},[44,90852,98],{"class":80},[44,90854,2643],{"class":1675},[44,90856,2646],{"class":80},[44,90858,5670],{"class":1675},[44,90860,2646],{"class":80},[44,90862,2649],{"class":1675},[44,90864,2567],{"class":80},[20,90866,107],{},[35,90868,90870],{"className":37,"code":90869,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,90871,90872],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90873,90874,90876,90878,90880,90882,90884,90886,90888,90890,90892,90894],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90875,3561],{"class":80},[44,90877,2643],{"class":1675},[44,90879,2646],{"class":80},[44,90881,2104],{"class":1675},[44,90883,2646],{"class":80},[44,90885,4270],{"class":1675},[44,90887,2646],{"class":80},[44,90889,5659],{"class":1675},[44,90891,2646],{"class":80},[44,90893,53797],{"class":1675},[44,90895,3294],{"class":80},[30,90897,90899],{"id":90898},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,90901,90902],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[267,90904,90906],{"id":90905},"range5",[15,90907,90513],{},[35,90909,90910],{"className":37,"code":90706,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90911,90912],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90913,90914,90916,90918,90920,90922,90924,90926,90928],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90915,95],{"class":94},[44,90917,98],{"class":80},[44,90919,7754],{"class":1461},[44,90921,98],{"class":80},[44,90923,59661],{"class":94},[44,90925,98],{"class":80},[44,90927,1789],{"class":1675},[44,90929,2567],{"class":80},[20,90931,107],{},[35,90933,90934],{"className":37,"code":59684,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90935,90936],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90937,90938,90940,90942,90944,90946,90948,90950,90952,90954,90956,90958],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90939,3561],{"class":80},[44,90941,1772],{"class":1675},[44,90943,2646],{"class":80},[44,90945,5162],{"class":1675},[44,90947,2646],{"class":80},[44,90949,2649],{"class":1675},[44,90951,2646],{"class":80},[44,90953,2104],{"class":1675},[44,90955,2646],{"class":80},[44,90957,2110],{"class":1675},[44,90959,3294],{"class":80},[20,90961,90765,90962,90768,90964,81],{},[15,90963,1772],{},[15,90965,1789],{},[267,90967,90969],{"id":90968},"range2-6",[15,90970,90971],{},"range(2, 6)",[35,90973,90974],{"className":37,"code":90773,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90975,90976],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90977,90978,90980,90982,90984,90986,90988,90990,90992,90994,90996],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90979,95],{"class":94},[44,90981,98],{"class":80},[44,90983,7754],{"class":1461},[44,90985,98],{"class":80},[44,90987,59661],{"class":94},[44,90989,98],{"class":80},[44,90991,1708],{"class":1675},[44,90993,2646],{"class":80},[44,90995,37309],{"class":1675},[44,90997,2567],{"class":80},[20,90999,107],{},[35,91001,91002],{"className":37,"code":90802,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91003,91004],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91005,91006,91008,91010,91012,91014,91016,91018,91020,91022],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91007,3561],{"class":80},[44,91009,1708],{"class":1675},[44,91011,2646],{"class":80},[44,91013,2104],{"class":1675},[44,91015,2646],{"class":80},[44,91017,2110],{"class":1675},[44,91019,2646],{"class":80},[44,91021,4270],{"class":1675},[44,91023,3294],{"class":80},[20,91025,90765,91026,90768,91028,81],{},[15,91027,1708],{},[15,91029,80257],{},[267,91031,91033],{"id":91032},"range1-10-2",[15,91034,91035],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[35,91037,91038],{"className":37,"code":90836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91039,91040],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91041,91042,91044,91046,91048,91050,91052,91054,91056,91058,91060,91062,91064],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91043,95],{"class":94},[44,91045,98],{"class":80},[44,91047,7754],{"class":1461},[44,91049,98],{"class":80},[44,91051,59661],{"class":94},[44,91053,98],{"class":80},[44,91055,2643],{"class":1675},[44,91057,2646],{"class":80},[44,91059,5670],{"class":1675},[44,91061,2646],{"class":80},[44,91063,2649],{"class":1675},[44,91065,2567],{"class":80},[20,91067,107],{},[35,91069,91070],{"className":37,"code":90869,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91071,91072],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91073,91074,91076,91078,91080,91082,91084,91086,91088,91090,91092,91094],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91075,3561],{"class":80},[44,91077,2643],{"class":1675},[44,91079,2646],{"class":80},[44,91081,2104],{"class":1675},[44,91083,2646],{"class":80},[44,91085,4270],{"class":1675},[44,91087,2646],{"class":80},[44,91089,5659],{"class":1675},[44,91091,2646],{"class":80},[44,91093,53797],{"class":1675},[44,91095,3294],{"class":80},[20,91097,91098,91099,91101,91102,60964,91104,81],{},"This moves by ",[15,91100,1708],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91103,2643],{},[15,91105,1797],{},[267,91107,91109],{"id":91108},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91111,91112,91113,91115],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91114,35863],{}," count backward.",[35,91117,91119],{"className":37,"code":91118,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91120,91121],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91122,91123,91125,91127,91129,91131,91133,91135,91137,91139,91141,91143,91145,91147],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91124,95],{"class":94},[44,91126,98],{"class":80},[44,91128,7754],{"class":1461},[44,91130,98],{"class":80},[44,91132,59661],{"class":94},[44,91134,98],{"class":80},[44,91136,1789],{"class":1675},[44,91138,2646],{"class":80},[44,91140,3495],{"class":1675},[44,91142,2646],{"class":80},[44,91144,1872],{"class":54},[44,91146,2643],{"class":1675},[44,91148,2567],{"class":80},[20,91150,107],{},[35,91152,91154],{"className":37,"code":91153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91155,91156],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91157,91158,91160,91162,91164,91166,91168,91170,91172,91174,91176,91178],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91159,3561],{"class":80},[44,91161,1789],{"class":1675},[44,91163,2646],{"class":80},[44,91165,2110],{"class":1675},[44,91167,2646],{"class":80},[44,91169,2104],{"class":1675},[44,91171,2646],{"class":80},[44,91173,2649],{"class":1675},[44,91175,2646],{"class":80},[44,91177,5162],{"class":1675},[44,91179,3294],{"class":80},[20,91181,91182],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91184,91185],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[35,91187,91189],{"className":37,"code":91188,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91190,91191],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91192,91193,91195,91197,91199,91201,91203,91205,91207,91209,91211,91213,91215,91217],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91194,95],{"class":94},[44,91196,98],{"class":80},[44,91198,7754],{"class":1461},[44,91200,98],{"class":80},[44,91202,59661],{"class":94},[44,91204,98],{"class":80},[44,91206,2643],{"class":1675},[44,91208,2646],{"class":80},[44,91210,4270],{"class":1675},[44,91212,2646],{"class":80},[44,91214,1872],{"class":54},[44,91216,2643],{"class":1675},[44,91218,2567],{"class":80},[20,91220,107],{},[35,91222,91223],{"className":37,"code":37963,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91224,91225],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91226,91227],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91228,37963],{"class":80},[267,91230,91231,76252,91233],{"id":76476},[15,91232,75092],{},[15,91234,1772],{},[20,91236,2490],{},[35,91238,91240],{"className":37,"code":91239,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91241,91242],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91243,91244,91246,91248,91250,91252,91254,91256,91258],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91245,59661],{"class":94},[44,91247,98],{"class":80},[44,91249,2643],{"class":1675},[44,91251,2646],{"class":80},[44,91253,4270],{"class":1675},[44,91255,2646],{"class":80},[44,91257,3495],{"class":1675},[44,91259,104],{"class":80},[20,91261,76521,91262,91264],{},[15,91263,40371],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[30,91266,675,91268,91270,91271,91273],{"id":91267},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91269,35863],{}," in a ",[15,91272,5623],{}," loop",[20,91275,91276,91278],{},[15,91277,35863],{}," is most useful when:",[139,91280,91281,91284,91287],{},[142,91282,91283],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[142,91285,91286],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[142,91288,91289,91290],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91291,91292],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91294,161],{},[35,91296,91298],{"className":37,"code":91297,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91299,91300,91316],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91301,91302,91304,91306,91308,91310,91312,91314],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91303,5623],{"class":524},[44,91305,69211],{"class":50},[44,91307,3544],{"class":524},[44,91309,53731],{"class":94},[44,91311,98],{"class":80},[44,91313,1714],{"class":1675},[44,91315,8003],{"class":80},[44,91317,91318,91320,91322,91324,91327,91329,91331,91333],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,91319,553],{"class":94},[44,91321,98],{"class":80},[44,91323,362],{"class":58},[44,91325,91326],{"class":62},"Loop number:",[44,91328,362],{"class":58},[44,91330,2646],{"class":80},[44,91332,35794],{"class":84},[44,91334,104],{"class":80},[20,91336,107],{},[35,91338,91340],{"className":37,"code":91339,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91341,91342,91351,91359],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91343,91344,91347,91349],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91345,91346],{"class":50},"Loop number",[44,91348,2539],{"class":80},[44,91350,38179],{"class":1675},[44,91352,91353,91355,91357],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,91354,91346],{"class":50},[44,91356,2539],{"class":80},[44,91358,29283],{"class":1675},[44,91360,91361,91363,91365],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,91362,91346],{"class":50},[44,91364,2539],{"class":80},[44,91366,45252],{"class":1675},[267,91368,91370],{"id":91369},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[35,91372,91374],{"className":37,"code":91373,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91375,91376,91392],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91377,91378,91380,91382,91384,91386,91388,91390],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91379,5623],{"class":524},[44,91381,69211],{"class":50},[44,91383,3544],{"class":524},[44,91385,53731],{"class":94},[44,91387,98],{"class":80},[44,91389,1789],{"class":1675},[44,91391,8003],{"class":80},[44,91393,91394,91396,91398,91400,91402,91404],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,91395,553],{"class":94},[44,91397,98],{"class":80},[44,91399,362],{"class":58},[44,91401,34530],{"class":62},[44,91403,362],{"class":58},[44,91405,104],{"class":80},[20,91407,91408,91409,91411],{},"This prints ",[15,91410,90077],{}," five times.",[267,91413,91415],{"id":91414},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[35,91417,91419],{"className":37,"code":91418,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91420,91421,91441],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91422,91423,91425,91427,91429,91431,91433,91435,91437,91439],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91424,5623],{"class":524},[44,91426,69211],{"class":50},[44,91428,3544],{"class":524},[44,91430,53731],{"class":94},[44,91432,98],{"class":80},[44,91434,2643],{"class":1675},[44,91436,2646],{"class":80},[44,91438,2110],{"class":1675},[44,91440,8003],{"class":80},[44,91442,91443,91445,91447,91449,91452,91454,91456,91458],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,91444,553],{"class":94},[44,91446,98],{"class":80},[44,91448,362],{"class":58},[44,91450,91451],{"class":62},"Current number is",[44,91453,362],{"class":58},[44,91455,2646],{"class":80},[44,91457,35794],{"class":84},[44,91459,104],{"class":80},[20,91461,107],{},[35,91463,91465],{"className":37,"code":91464,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91466,91467,91476,91484],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91468,91469,91472,91474],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91470,91471],{"class":50},"Current number ",[44,91473,11856],{"class":54},[44,91475,29283],{"class":1675},[44,91477,91478,91480,91482],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,91479,91471],{"class":50},[44,91481,11856],{"class":54},[44,91483,45252],{"class":1675},[44,91485,91486,91488,91490],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,91487,91471],{"class":50},[44,91489,11856],{"class":54},[44,91491,2231],{"class":1675},[267,91493,91495,91497],{"id":91494},"range-and-indexing",[15,91496,35863],{}," and indexing",[20,91499,91500],{},"You may see code like this:",[35,91502,91504],{"className":37,"code":91503,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91505,91506,91538,91542,91562],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91507,91508,91510,91512,91514,91516,91518,91520,91522,91524,91526,91528,91530,91532,91534,91536],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91509,7441],{"class":50},[44,91511,55],{"class":54},[44,91513,3281],{"class":80},[44,91515,362],{"class":58},[44,91517,243],{"class":62},[44,91519,362],{"class":58},[44,91521,2646],{"class":80},[44,91523,59],{"class":58},[44,91525,842],{"class":62},[44,91527,362],{"class":58},[44,91529,2646],{"class":80},[44,91531,59],{"class":58},[44,91533,846],{"class":62},[44,91535,362],{"class":58},[44,91537,3294],{"class":80},[44,91539,91540],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,91541,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,91543,91544,91546,91548,91550,91552,91554,91556,91558,91560],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,91545,5623],{"class":524},[44,91547,69211],{"class":50},[44,91549,3544],{"class":524},[44,91551,53731],{"class":94},[44,91553,98],{"class":80},[44,91555,10822],{"class":94},[44,91557,98],{"class":80},[44,91559,7472],{"class":84},[44,91561,69226],{"class":80},[44,91563,91564,91566,91568,91570,91572,91574,91576,91578],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,91565,553],{"class":94},[44,91567,98],{"class":80},[44,91569,35819],{"class":84},[44,91571,2646],{"class":80},[44,91573,5631],{"class":84},[44,91575,3561],{"class":80},[44,91577,35819],{"class":84},[44,91579,3549],{"class":80},[20,91581,107],{},[35,91583,91584],{"className":37,"code":35831,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91585,91586,91592,91598],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91587,91588,91590],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91589,1772],{"class":1675},[44,91591,35840],{"class":50},[44,91593,91594,91596],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,91595,2643],{"class":1675},[44,91597,35847],{"class":50},[44,91599,91600,91602],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,91601,1708],{"class":1675},[44,91603,35854],{"class":50},[20,91605,91606,91607,91611],{},"This works, and it uses ",[243,91608,91609],{"href":42022},[15,91610,42025],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91613,91614],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[35,91616,91618],{"className":37,"code":91617,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91619,91620,91652,91656,91668],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91621,91622,91624,91626,91628,91630,91632,91634,91636,91638,91640,91642,91644,91646,91648,91650],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91623,7441],{"class":50},[44,91625,55],{"class":54},[44,91627,3281],{"class":80},[44,91629,362],{"class":58},[44,91631,243],{"class":62},[44,91633,362],{"class":58},[44,91635,2646],{"class":80},[44,91637,59],{"class":58},[44,91639,842],{"class":62},[44,91641,362],{"class":58},[44,91643,2646],{"class":80},[44,91645,59],{"class":58},[44,91647,846],{"class":62},[44,91649,362],{"class":58},[44,91651,3294],{"class":80},[44,91653,91654],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,91655,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,91657,91658,91660,91662,91664,91666],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,91659,5623],{"class":524},[44,91661,5626],{"class":50},[44,91663,3544],{"class":524},[44,91665,5631],{"class":50},[44,91667,548],{"class":80},[44,91669,91670,91672,91674,91676],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,91671,553],{"class":94},[44,91673,98],{"class":80},[44,91675,22978],{"class":84},[44,91677,104],{"class":80},[20,91679,36257,91680,91685],{},[243,91681,91683],{"href":91682},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,91684,35413],{}," is usually a better choice:",[35,91687,91689],{"className":37,"code":91688,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,91690,91691,91723,91727,91747],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91692,91693,91695,91697,91699,91701,91703,91705,91707,91709,91711,91713,91715,91717,91719,91721],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91694,7441],{"class":50},[44,91696,55],{"class":54},[44,91698,3281],{"class":80},[44,91700,362],{"class":58},[44,91702,243],{"class":62},[44,91704,362],{"class":58},[44,91706,2646],{"class":80},[44,91708,59],{"class":58},[44,91710,842],{"class":62},[44,91712,362],{"class":58},[44,91714,2646],{"class":80},[44,91716,59],{"class":58},[44,91718,846],{"class":62},[44,91720,362],{"class":58},[44,91722,3294],{"class":80},[44,91724,91725],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,91726,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,91728,91729,91731,91733,91735,91737,91739,91741,91743,91745],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,91730,5623],{"class":524},[44,91732,35485],{"class":50},[44,91734,2646],{"class":80},[44,91736,5626],{"class":50},[44,91738,3544],{"class":524},[44,91740,35495],{"class":94},[44,91742,98],{"class":80},[44,91744,7472],{"class":84},[44,91746,8003],{"class":80},[44,91748,91749,91751,91753,91755,91757,91759],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,91750,553],{"class":94},[44,91752,98],{"class":80},[44,91754,35510],{"class":84},[44,91756,2646],{"class":80},[44,91758,29175],{"class":84},[44,91760,104],{"class":80},[20,91762,78781,91763,81],{},[243,91764,36270,91765,36273],{"href":36269},[15,91766,35413],{},[30,91768,91770,91771,91773],{"id":91769},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,91772,35863],{}," to a list",[20,91775,91776,91778],{},[15,91777,35863],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,91780,91781,91782,2539],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,91783,24448],{},[35,91785,91787],{"className":37,"code":91786,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,91788,91789],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91790,91791,91793,91795,91797,91799,91801,91803,91805],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91792,95],{"class":94},[44,91794,98],{"class":80},[44,91796,7754],{"class":1461},[44,91798,98],{"class":80},[44,91800,59661],{"class":94},[44,91802,98],{"class":80},[44,91804,1714],{"class":1675},[44,91806,2567],{"class":80},[20,91808,107],{},[35,91810,91812],{"className":37,"code":91811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,91813,91814],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91815,91816,91818,91820,91822,91824,91826,91828],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91817,3561],{"class":80},[44,91819,1772],{"class":1675},[44,91821,2646],{"class":80},[44,91823,5162],{"class":1675},[44,91825,2646],{"class":80},[44,91827,2649],{"class":1675},[44,91829,3294],{"class":80},[20,91831,32978],{},[139,91833,91834,91839,91842],{},[142,91835,91836,91837,41749],{},"learning how ",[15,91838,35863],{},[142,91840,91841],{},"checking your values",[142,91843,91844],{},"debugging code",[20,91846,5136],{},[35,91848,91850],{"className":37,"code":91849,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,91851,91852,91866,91870,91880],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91853,91854,91856,91858,91860,91862,91864],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91855,3276],{"class":50},[44,91857,55],{"class":54},[44,91859,53731],{"class":94},[44,91861,98],{"class":80},[44,91863,2158],{"class":1675},[44,91865,104],{"class":80},[44,91867,91868],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,91869,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,91871,91872,91874,91876,91878],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,91873,95],{"class":94},[44,91875,98],{"class":80},[44,91877,3308],{"class":84},[44,91879,104],{"class":80},[44,91881,91882,91884,91886,91888,91890,91892],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,91883,95],{"class":94},[44,91885,98],{"class":80},[44,91887,7754],{"class":1461},[44,91889,98],{"class":80},[44,91891,3308],{"class":84},[44,91893,370],{"class":80},[20,91895,107],{},[35,91897,91899],{"className":37,"code":91898,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,91900,91901,91915],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91902,91903,91905,91907,91909,91911,91913],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91904,59661],{"class":94},[44,91906,98],{"class":80},[44,91908,1772],{"class":1675},[44,91910,2646],{"class":80},[44,91912,2110],{"class":1675},[44,91914,104],{"class":80},[44,91916,91917,91919,91921,91923,91925,91927,91929,91931,91933],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,91918,3561],{"class":80},[44,91920,1772],{"class":1675},[44,91922,2646],{"class":80},[44,91924,5162],{"class":1675},[44,91926,2646],{"class":80},[44,91928,2649],{"class":1675},[44,91930,2646],{"class":80},[44,91932,2104],{"class":1675},[44,91934,3294],{"class":80},[20,91936,91937,91938,866,91940,91943],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,91939,59661],{},[15,91941,91942],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[30,91945,4183],{"id":4182},[20,91947,33207,91948,81],{},[15,91949,35863],{},[267,91951,91953],{"id":91952},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,91955,91956],{},"Many beginners think this:",[35,91958,91960],{"className":37,"code":91959,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,91961,91962],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91963,91964,91966,91968,91970,91972,91974,91976,91978,91980,91982],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91965,95],{"class":94},[44,91967,98],{"class":80},[44,91969,7754],{"class":1461},[44,91971,98],{"class":80},[44,91973,59661],{"class":94},[44,91975,98],{"class":80},[44,91977,2643],{"class":1675},[44,91979,2646],{"class":80},[44,91981,4270],{"class":1675},[44,91983,2567],{"class":80},[20,91985,91986],{},"will produce:",[35,91988,91990],{"className":37,"code":91989,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91991,91992],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91993,91994,91996,91998,92000,92002,92004,92006,92008,92010,92012,92014],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91995,3561],{"class":80},[44,91997,2643],{"class":1675},[44,91999,2646],{"class":80},[44,92001,2649],{"class":1675},[44,92003,2646],{"class":80},[44,92005,2104],{"class":1675},[44,92007,2646],{"class":80},[44,92009,2110],{"class":1675},[44,92011,2646],{"class":80},[44,92013,4270],{"class":1675},[44,92015,3294],{"class":80},[20,92017,92018],{},"But the real output is:",[35,92020,92021],{"className":37,"code":53167,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92022,92023],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92024,92025,92027,92029,92031,92033,92035,92037,92039,92041],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92026,3561],{"class":80},[44,92028,2643],{"class":1675},[44,92030,2646],{"class":80},[44,92032,2649],{"class":1675},[44,92034,2646],{"class":80},[44,92036,2104],{"class":1675},[44,92038,2646],{"class":80},[44,92040,2110],{"class":1675},[44,92042,3294],{"class":80},[20,92044,92045],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[267,92047,4244,92049,92051,92052],{"id":92048},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92050,90513],{}," starts at ",[15,92053,2643],{},[20,92055,37133,92056,18630,92058,81],{},[15,92057,1772],{},[15,92059,2643],{},[35,92061,92062],{"className":37,"code":90706,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92063,92064],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92065,92066,92068,92070,92072,92074,92076,92078,92080],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92067,95],{"class":94},[44,92069,98],{"class":80},[44,92071,7754],{"class":1461},[44,92073,98],{"class":80},[44,92075,59661],{"class":94},[44,92077,98],{"class":80},[44,92079,1789],{"class":1675},[44,92081,2567],{"class":80},[20,92083,107],{},[35,92085,92086],{"className":37,"code":59684,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92087,92088],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92089,92090,92092,92094,92096,92098,92100,92102,92104,92106,92108,92110],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92091,3561],{"class":80},[44,92093,1772],{"class":1675},[44,92095,2646],{"class":80},[44,92097,5162],{"class":1675},[44,92099,2646],{"class":80},[44,92101,2649],{"class":1675},[44,92103,2646],{"class":80},[44,92105,2104],{"class":1675},[44,92107,2646],{"class":80},[44,92109,2110],{"class":1675},[44,92111,3294],{"class":80},[267,92113,92115],{"id":92114},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92117,92118,92119,2539],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92120,419],{},[35,92122,92124],{"className":37,"code":92123,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92125,92126,92145,92149,92166],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92127,92128,92131,92133,92135,92137,92139,92141,92143],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92129,92130],{"class":50},"user_number ",[44,92132,55],{"class":54},[44,92134,7903],{"class":94},[44,92136,98],{"class":80},[44,92138,362],{"class":58},[44,92140,41535],{"class":62},[44,92142,362],{"class":58},[44,92144,104],{"class":80},[44,92146,92147],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,92148,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,92150,92151,92153,92155,92157,92159,92161,92164],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,92152,5623],{"class":524},[44,92154,69211],{"class":50},[44,92156,3544],{"class":524},[44,92158,53731],{"class":94},[44,92160,98],{"class":80},[44,92162,92163],{"class":84},"user_number",[44,92165,8003],{"class":80},[44,92167,92168,92170,92172,92174],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,92169,553],{"class":94},[44,92171,98],{"class":80},[44,92173,35819],{"class":84},[44,92175,104],{"class":80},[20,92177,48172,92178,92180],{},[15,92179,419],{}," returns a string.",[20,92182,10467],{},[35,92184,92186],{"className":37,"code":92185,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92187,92188,92210,92214,92230],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92189,92190,92192,92194,92196,92198,92200,92202,92204,92206,92208],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92191,92130],{"class":50},[44,92193,55],{"class":54},[44,92195,44939],{"class":1461},[44,92197,98],{"class":80},[44,92199,42127],{"class":94},[44,92201,98],{"class":80},[44,92203,362],{"class":58},[44,92205,41535],{"class":62},[44,92207,362],{"class":58},[44,92209,370],{"class":80},[44,92211,92212],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,92213,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,92215,92216,92218,92220,92222,92224,92226,92228],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,92217,5623],{"class":524},[44,92219,69211],{"class":50},[44,92221,3544],{"class":524},[44,92223,53731],{"class":94},[44,92225,98],{"class":80},[44,92227,92163],{"class":84},[44,92229,8003],{"class":80},[44,92231,92232,92234,92236,92238],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,92233,553],{"class":94},[44,92235,98],{"class":80},[44,92237,35819],{"class":84},[44,92239,104],{"class":80},[20,92241,92242,92243,81],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[243,92244,50186,92245],{"href":50185},[15,92246,50189],{},[267,92248,92250,92251,92253,92254],{"id":92249},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92252,35737],{}," smaller than ",[15,92255,75089],{},[20,92257,92258],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[35,92260,92261],{"className":37,"code":91188,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92262,92263],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92264,92265,92267,92269,92271,92273,92275,92277,92279,92281,92283,92285,92287,92289],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92266,95],{"class":94},[44,92268,98],{"class":80},[44,92270,7754],{"class":1461},[44,92272,98],{"class":80},[44,92274,59661],{"class":94},[44,92276,98],{"class":80},[44,92278,2643],{"class":1675},[44,92280,2646],{"class":80},[44,92282,4270],{"class":1675},[44,92284,2646],{"class":80},[44,92286,1872],{"class":54},[44,92288,2643],{"class":1675},[44,92290,2567],{"class":80},[20,92292,107],{},[35,92294,92295],{"className":37,"code":37963,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92296,92297],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92298,92299],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92300,37963],{"class":80},[20,92302,92303],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[267,92305,25284,92307],{"id":92306},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92308,92309],{},"step = 0",[20,92311,77232],{},[35,92313,92315],{"className":37,"code":92314,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92316,92317],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92318,92319,92321,92323,92325,92327,92329,92331,92333],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92320,59661],{"class":94},[44,92322,98],{"class":80},[44,92324,2643],{"class":1675},[44,92326,2646],{"class":80},[44,92328,5670],{"class":1675},[44,92330,2646],{"class":80},[44,92332,3495],{"class":1675},[44,92334,104],{"class":80},[20,92336,92337],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[267,92339,1262,92341,92343],{"id":92340},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92342,35863],{}," is not a list",[20,92345,92346],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[35,92348,92350],{"className":37,"code":92349,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92351,92352],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92353,92354,92356,92358,92360,92362,92364],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92355,95],{"class":94},[44,92357,98],{"class":80},[44,92359,59661],{"class":94},[44,92361,98],{"class":80},[44,92363,1789],{"class":1675},[44,92365,370],{"class":80},[20,92367,107],{},[35,92369,92371],{"className":37,"code":92370,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92372,92373],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92374,92375,92377,92379,92381,92383,92385],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92376,59661],{"class":94},[44,92378,98],{"class":80},[44,92380,1772],{"class":1675},[44,92382,2646],{"class":80},[44,92384,4270],{"class":1675},[44,92386,104],{"class":80},[20,92388,92389],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[35,92391,92392],{"className":37,"code":90706,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92393,92394],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92395,92396,92398,92400,92402,92404,92406,92408,92410],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92397,95],{"class":94},[44,92399,98],{"class":80},[44,92401,7754],{"class":1461},[44,92403,98],{"class":80},[44,92405,59661],{"class":94},[44,92407,98],{"class":80},[44,92409,1789],{"class":1675},[44,92411,2567],{"class":80},[20,92413,107],{},[35,92415,92416],{"className":37,"code":59684,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92417,92418],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92419,92420,92422,92424,92426,92428,92430,92432,92434,92436,92438,92440],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92421,3561],{"class":80},[44,92423,1772],{"class":1675},[44,92425,2646],{"class":80},[44,92427,5162],{"class":1675},[44,92429,2646],{"class":80},[44,92431,2649],{"class":1675},[44,92433,2646],{"class":80},[44,92435,2104],{"class":1675},[44,92437,2646],{"class":80},[44,92439,2110],{"class":1675},[44,92441,3294],{"class":80},[30,92443,92445],{"id":92444},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92447,8534,92448,82003],{},[15,92449,35863],{},[35,92451,92453],{"className":37,"code":92452,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92454,92455,92469,92487,92509,92537],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92456,92457,92459,92461,92463,92465,92467],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92458,95],{"class":94},[44,92460,98],{"class":80},[44,92462,59661],{"class":94},[44,92464,98],{"class":80},[44,92466,1789],{"class":1675},[44,92468,370],{"class":80},[44,92470,92471,92473,92475,92477,92479,92481,92483,92485],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,92472,95],{"class":94},[44,92474,98],{"class":80},[44,92476,7754],{"class":1461},[44,92478,98],{"class":80},[44,92480,59661],{"class":94},[44,92482,98],{"class":80},[44,92484,1789],{"class":1675},[44,92486,2567],{"class":80},[44,92488,92489,92491,92493,92495,92497,92499,92501,92503,92505,92507],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,92490,95],{"class":94},[44,92492,98],{"class":80},[44,92494,7754],{"class":1461},[44,92496,98],{"class":80},[44,92498,59661],{"class":94},[44,92500,98],{"class":80},[44,92502,1708],{"class":1675},[44,92504,2646],{"class":80},[44,92506,6024],{"class":1675},[44,92508,2567],{"class":80},[44,92510,92511,92513,92515,92517,92519,92521,92523,92525,92527,92529,92531,92533,92535],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,92512,95],{"class":94},[44,92514,98],{"class":80},[44,92516,7754],{"class":1461},[44,92518,98],{"class":80},[44,92520,59661],{"class":94},[44,92522,98],{"class":80},[44,92524,1982],{"class":1675},[44,92526,2646],{"class":80},[44,92528,3495],{"class":1675},[44,92530,2646],{"class":80},[44,92532,1872],{"class":54},[44,92534,1708],{"class":1675},[44,92536,2567],{"class":80},[44,92538,92539,92541,92543,92545,92547,92549,92551,92553],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,92540,95],{"class":94},[44,92542,98],{"class":80},[44,92544,2880],{"class":1461},[44,92546,98],{"class":80},[44,92548,59661],{"class":94},[44,92550,98],{"class":80},[44,92552,1789],{"class":1675},[44,92554,2567],{"class":80},[20,92556,25676],{},[139,92558,92559,92562,92565],{},[142,92560,92561],{},"what values are being created",[142,92563,92564],{},"whether the direction is correct",[142,92566,92567,92568,24285],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92569,59661],{},[30,92571,1478],{"id":1477},[267,92573,1482,92575,92577],{"id":92574},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92576,35863],{}," include the last number?",[20,92579,92580],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[267,92582,4820,92584,92586,92587,1520],{"id":92583},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92585,90513],{}," start at ",[15,92588,1772],{},[20,92590,92591,92592,81],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92593,1772],{},[267,92595,4832,92597,92599],{"id":92596},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92598,35863],{}," count backward?",[20,92601,92602,92603,81],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92604,92605],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[267,92607,14566,92609,25711],{"id":92608},"is-range-a-list",[15,92610,35863],{},[20,92612,25714,92613,92615,92616,23606],{},[15,92614,59661],{}," object. Use ",[15,92617,92618],{},"list(range(...))",[267,92620,4820,92622,48346],{"id":92621},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92623,92624],{},"range(input())",[20,92626,92627,3142,92629,81],{},[15,92628,419],{},[15,92630,92631],{},"int(input())",[30,92633,1545],{"id":1544},[139,92635,92636,92640,92646,92652,92658],{},[142,92637,92638],{},[243,92639,35693],{"href":35692},[142,92641,92642],{},[243,92643,3234,92644,3167],{"href":42022},[15,92645,42025],{},[142,92647,92648],{},[243,92649,3234,92650,3167],{"href":91682},[15,92651,35413],{},[142,92653,92654],{},[243,92655,37184,92656,36273],{"href":36269},[15,92657,35413],{},[142,92659,92660],{},[243,92661,50186,92662],{"href":50185},[15,92663,50189],{},[1577,92665,92666],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":92668},[92669,92670,92672,92678,92686,92693,92695,92707,92708,92720],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":90522,"depth":69,"text":92671},"What range() does",{"id":90615,"depth":69,"text":92673,"children":92674},"range() syntax",[92675,92676,92677],{"id":90695,"depth":91,"text":90698},{"id":90759,"depth":91,"text":90762},{"id":90827,"depth":91,"text":90830},{"id":90898,"depth":69,"text":90899,"children":92679},[92680,92681,92682,92683,92684],{"id":90905,"depth":91,"text":90513},{"id":90968,"depth":91,"text":90971},{"id":91032,"depth":91,"text":91035},{"id":91108,"depth":91,"text":91109},{"id":76476,"depth":91,"text":92685},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91267,"depth":69,"text":92687,"children":92688},"Using range() in a for loop",[92689,92690,92691],{"id":91369,"depth":91,"text":91370},{"id":91414,"depth":91,"text":91415},{"id":91494,"depth":91,"text":92692},"range() and indexing",{"id":91769,"depth":69,"text":92694},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4182,"depth":69,"text":4183,"children":92696},[92697,92698,92700,92701,92703,92705],{"id":91952,"depth":91,"text":91953},{"id":92048,"depth":91,"text":92699},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92114,"depth":91,"text":92115},{"id":92249,"depth":91,"text":92702},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92306,"depth":91,"text":92704},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92340,"depth":91,"text":92706},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92444,"depth":69,"text":92445},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":92709},[92710,92712,92714,92716,92718],{"id":92574,"depth":91,"text":92711},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92583,"depth":91,"text":92713},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92596,"depth":91,"text":92715},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92608,"depth":91,"text":92717},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92621,"depth":91,"text":92719},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90416,"description":92721},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92728,"title":92729,"body":92730,"description":94403,"extension":1611,"meta":94404,"navigation":184,"path":94405,"seo":94406,"stem":94407,"__hash__":94408},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92731,"toc":94376},[92732,92741,92748,92765,92781,92783,92832,92840,92844,92847,92867,92869,92933,92935,92978,92981,93027,93029,93062,93072,93078,93086,93103,93105,93136,93138,93163,93168,93179,93182,93252,93254,93285,93290,93295,93312,93314,93365,93367,93400,93403,93410,93415,93419,93435,93437,93481,93483,93529,93532,93545,93550,93554,93568,93570,93621,93623,93656,93661,93663,93670,93672,93695,93697,93762,93764,93781,93784,93817,93819,93847,93857,93864,93868,93871,93889,93892,93920,93923,93941,93946,93952,93955,93977,93979,94007,94009,94012,94037,94040,94153,94155,94234,94236,94242,94247,94255,94263,94267,94270,94272,94305,94307,94315,94321,94328,94335,94338,94340,94373],[10,92733,3234,92735,866,92737,92740],{"id":92734},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,92736,35863],{},[15,92738,92739],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,92742,92743,4057,92745,92747],{},[15,92744,35863],{},[15,92746,92739],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[139,92749,92750,92758],{},[142,92751,92752,92754,92755],{},[15,92753,35863],{}," creates a ",[830,92756,92757],{},"range object",[142,92759,92760,92754,92762],{},[15,92761,92739],{},[830,92763,92764],{},"real list",[20,92766,92767,92768,92770,92771,92774,92775,92777,92778,92780],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,92769,90513],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,92772,92773],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,92776,35863],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,92779,92739],{}," when you actually need a list.",[30,92782,33],{"id":32},[35,92784,92786],{"className":37,"code":92785,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92787,92788,92802,92815],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92789,92790,92792,92794,92796,92798,92800],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92791,3276],{"class":50},[44,92793,55],{"class":54},[44,92795,53731],{"class":94},[44,92797,98],{"class":80},[44,92799,1789],{"class":1675},[44,92801,104],{"class":80},[44,92803,92804,92806,92808,92810,92812],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,92805,95],{"class":94},[44,92807,98],{"class":80},[44,92809,3308],{"class":84},[44,92811,3321],{"class":80},[44,92813,92814],{"class":3324},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[44,92816,92817,92819,92821,92823,92825,92827,92829],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,92818,95],{"class":94},[44,92820,98],{"class":80},[44,92822,7754],{"class":1461},[44,92824,98],{"class":80},[44,92826,3308],{"class":84},[44,92828,5025],{"class":80},[44,92830,92831],{"class":3324},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,92833,119,92834,92836,92837,92839],{},[15,92835,35863],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,92838,92739],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[30,92841,92843],{"id":92842},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,92845,92846],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[139,92848,92849,92856,92861,92864],{},[142,92850,92851,21642,92853,92855],{},[15,92852,35863],{},[830,92854,92757],{},", not a list",[142,92857,92858,92860],{},[15,92859,92739],{}," converts that range object into a list",[142,92862,92863],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[142,92865,92866],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,92868,161],{},[35,92870,92872],{"className":37,"code":92871,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,92873,92874,92889,92908,92912,92922],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92875,92876,92879,92881,92883,92885,92887],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92877,92878],{"class":50},"r ",[44,92880,55],{"class":54},[44,92882,53731],{"class":94},[44,92884,98],{"class":80},[44,92886,1789],{"class":1675},[44,92888,104],{"class":80},[44,92890,92891,92894,92896,92898,92900,92902,92904,92906],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,92892,92893],{"class":50},"lst ",[44,92895,55],{"class":54},[44,92897,22227],{"class":1461},[44,92899,98],{"class":80},[44,92901,59661],{"class":94},[44,92903,98],{"class":80},[44,92905,1789],{"class":1675},[44,92907,370],{"class":80},[44,92909,92910],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,92911,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,92913,92914,92916,92918,92920],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,92915,95],{"class":94},[44,92917,98],{"class":80},[44,92919,60168],{"class":84},[44,92921,104],{"class":80},[44,92923,92924,92926,92928,92931],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,92925,95],{"class":94},[44,92927,98],{"class":80},[44,92929,92930],{"class":84},"lst",[44,92932,104],{"class":80},[20,92934,107],{},[35,92936,92938],{"className":37,"code":92937,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92939,92940,92954],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92941,92942,92944,92946,92948,92950,92952],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92943,59661],{"class":94},[44,92945,98],{"class":80},[44,92947,1772],{"class":1675},[44,92949,2646],{"class":80},[44,92951,4270],{"class":1675},[44,92953,104],{"class":80},[44,92955,92956,92958,92960,92962,92964,92966,92968,92970,92972,92974,92976],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,92957,3561],{"class":80},[44,92959,1772],{"class":1675},[44,92961,2646],{"class":80},[44,92963,5162],{"class":1675},[44,92965,2646],{"class":80},[44,92967,2649],{"class":1675},[44,92969,2646],{"class":80},[44,92971,2104],{"class":1675},[44,92973,2646],{"class":80},[44,92975,2110],{"class":1675},[44,92977,3294],{"class":80},[20,92979,92980],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[35,92982,92984],{"className":37,"code":92983,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,92985,92986,93004],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92987,92988,92990,92992,92994,92996,92998,93000,93002],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92989,95],{"class":94},[44,92991,98],{"class":80},[44,92993,2880],{"class":1461},[44,92995,98],{"class":80},[44,92997,59661],{"class":94},[44,92999,98],{"class":80},[44,93001,1789],{"class":1675},[44,93003,2567],{"class":80},[44,93005,93006,93008,93010,93012,93014,93016,93018,93020,93022,93024],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,93007,95],{"class":94},[44,93009,98],{"class":80},[44,93011,2880],{"class":1461},[44,93013,98],{"class":80},[44,93015,7754],{"class":1461},[44,93017,98],{"class":80},[44,93019,59661],{"class":94},[44,93021,98],{"class":80},[44,93023,1789],{"class":1675},[44,93025,93026],{"class":80},"))))\n",[20,93028,107],{},[35,93030,93032],{"className":37,"code":93031,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93033,93034,93048],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93035,93036,93038,93040,93042,93044,93046],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93037,2949],{"class":54},[44,93039,2952],{"class":1717},[44,93041,2955],{"class":58},[44,93043,59661],{"class":62},[44,93045,655],{"class":58},[44,93047,2962],{"class":54},[44,93049,93050,93052,93054,93056,93058,93060],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,93051,2949],{"class":54},[44,93053,2952],{"class":1717},[44,93055,2955],{"class":58},[44,93057,7754],{"class":62},[44,93059,655],{"class":58},[44,93061,2962],{"class":54},[20,93063,93064,93065,93067,93068,81],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93066,35863],{}," works, see ",[243,93069,3234,93070,3167],{"href":92723},[15,93071,35863],{},[30,93073,126,93075,93077],{"id":93074},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93076,35863],{}," gives you",[20,93079,93080,93082,93083,93085],{},[15,93081,35863],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93084,5623],{}," loops.",[139,93087,93088,93091,93094,93097],{},[142,93089,93090],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[142,93092,93093],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[142,93095,93096],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[142,93098,93099,93100],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93101,93102],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93104,161],{},[35,93106,93108],{"className":37,"code":93107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93109,93110,93126],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93111,93112,93114,93116,93118,93120,93122,93124],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93113,5623],{"class":524},[44,93115,69211],{"class":50},[44,93117,3544],{"class":524},[44,93119,53731],{"class":94},[44,93121,98],{"class":80},[44,93123,1789],{"class":1675},[44,93125,8003],{"class":80},[44,93127,93128,93130,93132,93134],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,93129,553],{"class":94},[44,93131,98],{"class":80},[44,93133,35819],{"class":84},[44,93135,104],{"class":80},[20,93137,107],{},[35,93139,93141],{"className":37,"code":93140,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93142,93143,93147,93151,93155,93159],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93144,93145],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93146,46914],{"class":1675},[44,93148,93149],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,93150,46579],{"class":1675},[44,93152,93153],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,93154,16721],{"class":1675},[44,93156,93157],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,93158,46279],{"class":1675},[44,93160,93161],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,93162,48312],{"class":1675},[20,93164,20438,93165,93167],{},[15,93166,90513],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93169,93170,93171,93173,93174,81],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93172,35863],{}," is so common with ",[243,93175,3234,93177,90544],{"href":93176},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93178,5623],{},[20,93180,93181],{},"You can also inspect it:",[35,93183,93185],{"className":37,"code":93184,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93186,93187,93209,93213,93223,93237],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93188,93189,93191,93193,93195,93197,93199,93201,93203,93205,93207],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93190,92878],{"class":50},[44,93192,55],{"class":54},[44,93194,53731],{"class":94},[44,93196,98],{"class":80},[44,93198,1708],{"class":1675},[44,93200,2646],{"class":80},[44,93202,5670],{"class":1675},[44,93204,2646],{"class":80},[44,93206,2649],{"class":1675},[44,93208,104],{"class":80},[44,93210,93211],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,93212,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,93214,93215,93217,93219,93221],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,93216,95],{"class":94},[44,93218,98],{"class":80},[44,93220,60168],{"class":84},[44,93222,104],{"class":80},[44,93224,93225,93227,93229,93231,93233,93235],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,93226,95],{"class":94},[44,93228,98],{"class":80},[44,93230,10822],{"class":94},[44,93232,98],{"class":80},[44,93234,60168],{"class":84},[44,93236,370],{"class":80},[44,93238,93239,93241,93243,93245,93247,93250],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,93240,95],{"class":94},[44,93242,98],{"class":80},[44,93244,80257],{"class":1675},[44,93246,20841],{"class":524},[44,93248,93249],{"class":84}," r",[44,93251,104],{"class":80},[20,93253,107],{},[35,93255,93257],{"className":37,"code":93256,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93258,93259,93277,93281],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93260,93261,93263,93265,93267,93269,93271,93273,93275],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93262,59661],{"class":94},[44,93264,98],{"class":80},[44,93266,1708],{"class":1675},[44,93268,2646],{"class":80},[44,93270,5670],{"class":1675},[44,93272,2646],{"class":80},[44,93274,2649],{"class":1675},[44,93276,104],{"class":80},[44,93278,93279],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,93280,48312],{"class":1675},[44,93282,93283],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,93284,3641],{"class":3513},[30,93286,126,93288,93077],{"id":93287},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93289,92739],{},[20,93291,93292,93294],{},[15,93293,92739],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[139,93296,93297,93300,93303,93306],{},[142,93298,93299],{},"It creates all values at once",[142,93301,93302],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[142,93304,93305],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[142,93307,93308,93309,93311],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93310,35863],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93313,161],{},[35,93315,93317],{"className":37,"code":93316,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93318,93319,93337,93341,93351],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93320,93321,93323,93325,93327,93329,93331,93333,93335],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93322,3276],{"class":50},[44,93324,55],{"class":54},[44,93326,22227],{"class":1461},[44,93328,98],{"class":80},[44,93330,59661],{"class":94},[44,93332,98],{"class":80},[44,93334,1789],{"class":1675},[44,93336,370],{"class":80},[44,93338,93339],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,93340,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,93342,93343,93345,93347,93349],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,93344,95],{"class":94},[44,93346,98],{"class":80},[44,93348,3308],{"class":84},[44,93350,104],{"class":80},[44,93352,93353,93355,93357,93359,93361,93363],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,93354,95],{"class":94},[44,93356,98],{"class":80},[44,93358,3308],{"class":84},[44,93360,3561],{"class":80},[44,93362,1708],{"class":1675},[44,93364,3549],{"class":80},[20,93366,107],{},[35,93368,93370],{"className":37,"code":93369,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93371,93372,93396],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93373,93374,93376,93378,93380,93382,93384,93386,93388,93390,93392,93394],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93375,3561],{"class":80},[44,93377,1772],{"class":1675},[44,93379,2646],{"class":80},[44,93381,5162],{"class":1675},[44,93383,2646],{"class":80},[44,93385,2649],{"class":1675},[44,93387,2646],{"class":80},[44,93389,2104],{"class":1675},[44,93391,2646],{"class":80},[44,93393,2110],{"class":1675},[44,93395,3294],{"class":80},[44,93397,93398],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,93399,16721],{"class":1675},[20,93401,93402],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93404,93405,93406,81],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[243,93407,3234,93408,3167],{"href":64510},[15,93409,24448],{},[30,93411,1133,93413],{"id":93412},"when-to-use-range",[15,93414,35863],{},[20,93416,119,93417,10261],{},[15,93418,35863],{},[139,93420,93421,93426,93429,93432],{},[142,93422,93423,93424,91273],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93425,5623],{},[142,93427,93428],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[142,93430,93431],{},"You are working with large sequences",[142,93433,93434],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93436,161],{},[35,93438,93440],{"className":37,"code":93439,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93441,93442,93462],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93443,93444,93446,93448,93450,93452,93454,93456,93458,93460],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93445,5623],{"class":524},[44,93447,69211],{"class":50},[44,93449,3544],{"class":524},[44,93451,53731],{"class":94},[44,93453,98],{"class":80},[44,93455,2643],{"class":1675},[44,93457,2646],{"class":80},[44,93459,37309],{"class":1675},[44,93461,8003],{"class":80},[44,93463,93464,93466,93468,93470,93473,93475,93477,93479],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,93465,553],{"class":94},[44,93467,98],{"class":80},[44,93469,362],{"class":58},[44,93471,93472],{"class":62},"Count:",[44,93474,362],{"class":58},[44,93476,2646],{"class":80},[44,93478,35794],{"class":84},[44,93480,104],{"class":80},[20,93482,107],{},[35,93484,93486],{"className":37,"code":93485,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93487,93488,93497,93505,93513,93521],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93489,93490,93493,93495],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93491,93492],{"class":50},"Count",[44,93494,2539],{"class":80},[44,93496,29283],{"class":1675},[44,93498,93499,93501,93503],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,93500,93492],{"class":50},[44,93502,2539],{"class":80},[44,93504,45252],{"class":1675},[44,93506,93507,93509,93511],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,93508,93492],{"class":50},[44,93510,2539],{"class":80},[44,93512,2231],{"class":1675},[44,93514,93515,93517,93519],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,93516,93492],{"class":50},[44,93518,2539],{"class":80},[44,93520,23331],{"class":1675},[44,93522,93523,93525,93527],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,93524,93492],{"class":50},[44,93526,2539],{"class":80},[44,93528,34505],{"class":1675},[20,93530,93531],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93533,93534,93535,93537,93538,61951,93540,81],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93536,35413],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93539,36263],{},[243,93541,36270,93543,36273],{"href":93542},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93544,35413],{},[30,93546,1133,93548],{"id":93547},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93549,92739],{},[20,93551,119,93552,10261],{},[15,93553,92739],{},[139,93555,93556,93559,93562,93565],{},[142,93557,93558],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[142,93560,93561],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[142,93563,93564],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[142,93566,93567],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93569,161],{},[35,93571,93573],{"className":37,"code":93572,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93574,93575,93593,93607,93611],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93576,93577,93579,93581,93583,93585,93587,93589,93591],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93578,3276],{"class":50},[44,93580,55],{"class":54},[44,93582,22227],{"class":1461},[44,93584,98],{"class":80},[44,93586,59661],{"class":94},[44,93588,98],{"class":80},[44,93590,1789],{"class":1675},[44,93592,370],{"class":80},[44,93594,93595,93597,93599,93601,93603,93605],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,93596,3308],{"class":50},[44,93598,81],{"class":80},[44,93600,13216],{"class":84},[44,93602,98],{"class":80},[44,93604,1789],{"class":1675},[44,93606,104],{"class":80},[44,93608,93609],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,93610,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,93612,93613,93615,93617,93619],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,93614,95],{"class":94},[44,93616,98],{"class":80},[44,93618,3308],{"class":84},[44,93620,104],{"class":80},[20,93622,107],{},[35,93624,93626],{"className":37,"code":93625,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93627,93628],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93629,93630,93632,93634,93636,93638,93640,93642,93644,93646,93648,93650,93652,93654],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93631,3561],{"class":80},[44,93633,1772],{"class":1675},[44,93635,2646],{"class":80},[44,93637,5162],{"class":1675},[44,93639,2646],{"class":80},[44,93641,2649],{"class":1675},[44,93643,2646],{"class":80},[44,93645,2104],{"class":1675},[44,93647,2646],{"class":80},[44,93649,2110],{"class":1675},[44,93651,2646],{"class":80},[44,93653,4270],{"class":1675},[44,93655,3294],{"class":80},[20,93657,5726,93658,93660],{},[15,93659,3308],{}," is a list.",[30,93662,15260],{"id":15259},[20,93664,93665,93667,93668,81],{},[15,93666,35863],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[830,93669,37263],{},[20,93671,1759],{},[139,93673,93674,93676,93681,93686,93689],{},[142,93675,21652],{},[142,93677,93678,93679],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,93680,42025],{},[142,93682,93683,93684],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,93685,3544],{},[142,93687,93688],{},"You can index it",[142,93690,93691,93692,93694],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,93693,52314],{}," do not work on it",[20,93696,161],{},[35,93698,93700],{"className":37,"code":93699,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,93701,93702,93716,93720,93734,93748],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93703,93704,93706,93708,93710,93712,93714],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93705,92878],{"class":50},[44,93707,55],{"class":54},[44,93709,53731],{"class":94},[44,93711,98],{"class":80},[44,93713,1789],{"class":1675},[44,93715,104],{"class":80},[44,93717,93718],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,93719,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,93721,93722,93724,93726,93728,93730,93732],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,93723,95],{"class":94},[44,93725,98],{"class":80},[44,93727,60168],{"class":84},[44,93729,3561],{"class":80},[44,93731,1708],{"class":1675},[44,93733,3549],{"class":80},[44,93735,93736,93738,93740,93742,93744,93746],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,93737,95],{"class":94},[44,93739,98],{"class":80},[44,93741,10822],{"class":94},[44,93743,98],{"class":80},[44,93745,60168],{"class":84},[44,93747,370],{"class":80},[44,93749,93750,93752,93754,93756,93758,93760],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,93751,95],{"class":94},[44,93753,98],{"class":80},[44,93755,1714],{"class":1675},[44,93757,20841],{"class":524},[44,93759,93249],{"class":84},[44,93761,104],{"class":80},[20,93763,107],{},[35,93765,93767],{"className":37,"code":93766,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,93768,93769,93773,93777],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93770,93771],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93772,16721],{"class":1675},[44,93774,93775],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,93776,2602],{"class":1675},[44,93778,93779],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,93780,3641],{"class":3513},[20,93782,93783],{},"Now compare that with this:",[35,93785,93787],{"className":37,"code":93786,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,93788,93789,93803],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93790,93791,93793,93795,93797,93799,93801],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93792,92878],{"class":50},[44,93794,55],{"class":54},[44,93796,53731],{"class":94},[44,93798,98],{"class":80},[44,93800,1789],{"class":1675},[44,93802,104],{"class":80},[44,93804,93805,93807,93809,93811,93813,93815],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,93806,60168],{"class":50},[44,93808,81],{"class":80},[44,93810,13216],{"class":84},[44,93812,98],{"class":80},[44,93814,1789],{"class":1675},[44,93816,104],{"class":80},[20,93818,107],{},[35,93820,93822],{"className":37,"code":93821,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,93823,93824],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93825,93826,93828,93830,93832,93834,93836,93838,93841,93843,93845],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93827,25339],{"class":1461},[44,93829,2539],{"class":80},[44,93831,2955],{"class":58},[44,93833,59661],{"class":62},[44,93835,655],{"class":58},[44,93837,24285],{"class":1461},[44,93839,93840],{"class":50}," has no attribute ",[44,93842,655],{"class":58},[44,93844,13216],{"class":62},[44,93846,664],{"class":58},[20,93848,93849,93850,839,93852,843,93854,93856],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,93851,52314],{},[15,93853,55190],{},[15,93855,63974],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,93858,93859,93860,81],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[243,93861,25347,93862],{"href":35083},[15,93863,33920],{},[30,93865,93867],{"id":93866},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,93869,93870],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[35,93872,93873],{"className":37,"code":92349,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,93874,93875],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93876,93877,93879,93881,93883,93885,93887],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93878,95],{"class":94},[44,93880,98],{"class":80},[44,93882,59661],{"class":94},[44,93884,98],{"class":80},[44,93886,1789],{"class":1675},[44,93888,370],{"class":80},[20,93890,93891],{},"to show:",[35,93893,93894],{"className":37,"code":59684,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,93895,93896],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93897,93898,93900,93902,93904,93906,93908,93910,93912,93914,93916,93918],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93899,3561],{"class":80},[44,93901,1772],{"class":1675},[44,93903,2646],{"class":80},[44,93905,5162],{"class":1675},[44,93907,2646],{"class":80},[44,93909,2649],{"class":1675},[44,93911,2646],{"class":80},[44,93913,2104],{"class":1675},[44,93915,2646],{"class":80},[44,93917,2110],{"class":1675},[44,93919,3294],{"class":80},[20,93921,93922],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[35,93924,93925],{"className":37,"code":92370,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,93926,93927],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93928,93929,93931,93933,93935,93937,93939],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93930,59661],{"class":94},[44,93932,98],{"class":80},[44,93934,1772],{"class":1675},[44,93936,2646],{"class":80},[44,93938,4270],{"class":1675},[44,93940,104],{"class":80},[20,93942,4293,93943,93945],{},[830,93944,832],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,93947,93948,93949,93951],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[830,93950,92757],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,93953,93954],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[35,93956,93957],{"className":37,"code":90706,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,93958,93959],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93960,93961,93963,93965,93967,93969,93971,93973,93975],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93962,95],{"class":94},[44,93964,98],{"class":80},[44,93966,7754],{"class":1461},[44,93968,98],{"class":80},[44,93970,59661],{"class":94},[44,93972,98],{"class":80},[44,93974,1789],{"class":1675},[44,93976,2567],{"class":80},[20,93978,107],{},[35,93980,93981],{"className":37,"code":59684,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,93982,93983],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93984,93985,93987,93989,93991,93993,93995,93997,93999,94001,94003,94005],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93986,3561],{"class":80},[44,93988,1772],{"class":1675},[44,93990,2646],{"class":80},[44,93992,5162],{"class":1675},[44,93994,2646],{"class":80},[44,93996,2649],{"class":1675},[44,93998,2646],{"class":80},[44,94000,2104],{"class":1675},[44,94002,2646],{"class":80},[44,94004,2110],{"class":1675},[44,94006,3294],{"class":80},[30,94008,1238],{"id":1237},[20,94010,94011],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[139,94013,94014,94020,94023,94029],{},[142,94015,675,94016,94019],{},[15,94017,94018],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[142,94021,94022],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[142,94024,94025,94026,94028],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94027,35863],{}," is iterable but not a list",[142,94030,675,94031,94033,94034,94036],{},[15,94032,92739],{}," when plain ",[15,94035,35863],{}," would be simpler",[20,94038,94039],{},"These quick checks can help:",[35,94041,94043],{"className":37,"code":94042,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94044,94045,94059,94077,94095,94117,94135],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94046,94047,94049,94051,94053,94055,94057],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94048,95],{"class":94},[44,94050,98],{"class":80},[44,94052,59661],{"class":94},[44,94054,98],{"class":80},[44,94056,1789],{"class":1675},[44,94058,370],{"class":80},[44,94060,94061,94063,94065,94067,94069,94071,94073,94075],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,94062,95],{"class":94},[44,94064,98],{"class":80},[44,94066,7754],{"class":1461},[44,94068,98],{"class":80},[44,94070,59661],{"class":94},[44,94072,98],{"class":80},[44,94074,1789],{"class":1675},[44,94076,2567],{"class":80},[44,94078,94079,94081,94083,94085,94087,94089,94091,94093],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,94080,95],{"class":94},[44,94082,98],{"class":80},[44,94084,2880],{"class":1461},[44,94086,98],{"class":80},[44,94088,59661],{"class":94},[44,94090,98],{"class":80},[44,94092,1789],{"class":1675},[44,94094,2567],{"class":80},[44,94096,94097,94099,94101,94103,94105,94107,94109,94111,94113,94115],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,94098,95],{"class":94},[44,94100,98],{"class":80},[44,94102,2880],{"class":1461},[44,94104,98],{"class":80},[44,94106,7754],{"class":1461},[44,94108,98],{"class":80},[44,94110,59661],{"class":94},[44,94112,98],{"class":80},[44,94114,1789],{"class":1675},[44,94116,93026],{"class":80},[44,94118,94119,94121,94123,94125,94127,94129,94131,94133],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,94120,95],{"class":94},[44,94122,98],{"class":80},[44,94124,1714],{"class":1675},[44,94126,20841],{"class":524},[44,94128,53731],{"class":94},[44,94130,98],{"class":80},[44,94132,1789],{"class":1675},[44,94134,370],{"class":80},[44,94136,94137,94139,94141,94143,94145,94147,94149,94151],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,94138,95],{"class":94},[44,94140,98],{"class":80},[44,94142,10822],{"class":94},[44,94144,98],{"class":80},[44,94146,59661],{"class":94},[44,94148,98],{"class":80},[44,94150,1789],{"class":1675},[44,94152,2567],{"class":80},[20,94154,107],{},[35,94156,94158],{"className":37,"code":94157,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94159,94160,94174,94198,94212,94226,94230],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94161,94162,94164,94166,94168,94170,94172],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94163,59661],{"class":94},[44,94165,98],{"class":80},[44,94167,1772],{"class":1675},[44,94169,2646],{"class":80},[44,94171,4270],{"class":1675},[44,94173,104],{"class":80},[44,94175,94176,94178,94180,94182,94184,94186,94188,94190,94192,94194,94196],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,94177,3561],{"class":80},[44,94179,1772],{"class":1675},[44,94181,2646],{"class":80},[44,94183,5162],{"class":1675},[44,94185,2646],{"class":80},[44,94187,2649],{"class":1675},[44,94189,2646],{"class":80},[44,94191,2104],{"class":1675},[44,94193,2646],{"class":80},[44,94195,2110],{"class":1675},[44,94197,3294],{"class":80},[44,94199,94200,94202,94204,94206,94208,94210],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,94201,2949],{"class":54},[44,94203,2952],{"class":1717},[44,94205,2955],{"class":58},[44,94207,59661],{"class":62},[44,94209,655],{"class":58},[44,94211,2962],{"class":54},[44,94213,94214,94216,94218,94220,94222,94224],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,94215,2949],{"class":54},[44,94217,2952],{"class":1717},[44,94219,2955],{"class":58},[44,94221,7754],{"class":62},[44,94223,655],{"class":58},[44,94225,2962],{"class":54},[44,94227,94228],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,94229,3641],{"class":3513},[44,94231,94232],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,94233,2602],{"class":1675},[30,94235,1478],{"id":1477},[267,94237,14566,94239,94241],{"id":94238},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94240,35863],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94243,1488,94244,94246],{},[15,94245,35863],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[267,94248,94250,94251,10752,94253,1520],{"id":94249},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94252,35863],{},[15,94254,92739],{},[20,94256,94257,94259,94260,94262],{},[15,94258,35863],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94261,92739],{}," creates a full list.",[267,94264,94266],{"id":94265},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94268,94269],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94271,161],{},[35,94273,94275],{"className":37,"code":94274,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94276,94277,94291],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94278,94279,94281,94283,94285,94287,94289],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94280,92878],{"class":50},[44,94282,55],{"class":54},[44,94284,53731],{"class":94},[44,94286,98],{"class":80},[44,94288,1789],{"class":1675},[44,94290,104],{"class":80},[44,94292,94293,94295,94297,94299,94301,94303],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,94294,95],{"class":94},[44,94296,98],{"class":80},[44,94298,60168],{"class":84},[44,94300,3561],{"class":80},[44,94302,2643],{"class":1675},[44,94304,3549],{"class":80},[20,94306,107],{},[35,94308,94309],{"className":37,"code":46579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,94310,94311],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94312,94313],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94314,46579],{"class":1675},[267,94316,4820,94318,94320],{"id":94317},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94319,94018],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94322,94323,94324,94327],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94325,94326],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[267,94329,94331,94332,94334],{"id":94330},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94333,35863],{}," to a list?",[20,94336,94337],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[30,94339,1545],{"id":1544},[139,94341,94342,94348,94354,94361,94367],{},[142,94343,94344],{},[243,94345,3234,94346,3167],{"href":92723},[15,94347,35863],{},[142,94349,94350],{},[243,94351,3234,94352,3167],{"href":64510},[15,94353,24448],{},[142,94355,94356],{},[243,94357,3234,94358,94360],{"href":93176},[15,94359,5623],{}," loops explained",[142,94362,94363],{},[243,94364,37184,94365,36273],{"href":93542},[15,94366,35413],{},[142,94368,94369],{},[243,94370,25790,94371],{"href":35083},[15,94372,33920],{},[1577,94374,94375],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":94377},[94378,94379,94380,94382,94384,94386,94388,94389,94390,94391,94402],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":92842,"depth":69,"text":92843},{"id":93074,"depth":69,"text":94381},"What range() gives you",{"id":93287,"depth":69,"text":94383},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93412,"depth":69,"text":94385},"When to use range()",{"id":93547,"depth":69,"text":94387},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15259,"depth":69,"text":15260},{"id":93866,"depth":69,"text":93867},{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":94392},[94393,94395,94397,94398,94400],{"id":94238,"depth":91,"text":94394},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94249,"depth":91,"text":94396},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94265,"depth":91,"text":94266},{"id":94317,"depth":91,"text":94399},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94330,"depth":91,"text":94401},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92729,"description":94403},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94410,"title":94411,"body":94412,"description":95848,"extension":1611,"meta":95849,"navigation":184,"path":95850,"seo":95851,"stem":95852,"__hash__":95853},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94413,"toc":95814},[94414,94420,94425,94428,94442,94445,94447,94486,94488,94501,94509,94514,94530,94533,94535,94537,94558,94575,94578,94637,94639,94658,94663,94669,94672,94706,94708,94721,94724,94769,94771,94794,94801,94807,94810,94851,94853,94867,94870,94928,94930,94945,94958,94964,94970,95035,95037,95056,95058,95076,95079,95083,95089,95091,95124,95126,95139,95149,95152,95213,95215,95236,95239,95241,95257,95262,95266,95271,95276,95332,95334,95352,95355,95400,95402,95410,95415,95419,95433,95435,95467,95469,95478,95480,95484,95493,95496,95528,95530,95542,95545,95549,95554,95595,95597,95605,95608,95631,95635,95637,95646,95649,95702,95704,95713,95717,95722,95733,95735,95744,95747,95753,95756,95762,95772,95780,95787,95789,95811],[10,94415,3234,94417,3238],{"id":94416},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94418,94419],{},"round()",[20,94421,8782,94422,94424],{},[15,94423,94419],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94426,94427],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[139,94429,94430,94436],{},[142,94431,94432,94435],{},[15,94433,94434],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[142,94437,94438,94441],{},[15,94439,94440],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94443,94444],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[30,94446,1653],{"id":1652},[35,94448,94450],{"className":37,"code":94449,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94451,94452,94468],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94453,94454,94456,94458,94461,94463,94466],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94455,95],{"class":94},[44,94457,98],{"class":80},[44,94459,94460],{"class":94},"round",[44,94462,98],{"class":80},[44,94464,94465],{"class":1675},"3.14159",[44,94467,370],{"class":80},[44,94469,94470,94472,94474,94476,94478,94480,94482,94484],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,94471,95],{"class":94},[44,94473,98],{"class":80},[44,94475,94460],{"class":94},[44,94477,98],{"class":80},[44,94479,94465],{"class":1675},[44,94481,2646],{"class":80},[44,94483,2649],{"class":1675},[44,94485,370],{"class":80},[20,94487,107],{},[35,94489,94491],{"className":37,"code":94490,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94492,94493,94497],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94494,94495],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94496,46279],{"class":1675},[44,94498,94499],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,94500,39844],{"class":1675},[20,94502,119,94503,94505,94506,94508],{},[15,94504,94434],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94507,94440],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[30,94510,126,94512,129],{"id":94511},"what-round-does",[15,94513,94419],{},[139,94515,94516,94521,94524,94527],{},[142,94517,94518,94520],{},[15,94519,94419],{}," is a built-in Python function",[142,94522,94523],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[142,94525,94526],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[142,94528,94529],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94531,94532],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[30,94534,250],{"id":249},[20,94536,1812],{},[35,94538,94540],{"className":37,"code":94539,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94541,94542],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94543,94544,94546,94548,94550,94553,94556],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94545,94460],{"class":94},[44,94547,98],{"class":80},[44,94549,1890],{"class":84},[44,94551,94552],{"class":80},"[,",[44,94554,94555],{"class":84}," ndigits",[44,94557,3549],{"class":80},[139,94559,94560,94565,94570],{},[142,94561,94562,94564],{},[15,94563,1890],{}," is the value to round",[142,94566,94567,19706],{},[15,94568,94569],{},"ndigits",[142,94571,94572,94574],{},[15,94573,94569],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94576,94577],{},"Basic examples:",[35,94579,94581],{"className":37,"code":94580,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94582,94583,94598,94616],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94584,94585,94587,94589,94591,94593,94596],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94586,95],{"class":94},[44,94588,98],{"class":80},[44,94590,94460],{"class":94},[44,94592,98],{"class":80},[44,94594,94595],{"class":1675},"7.8",[44,94597,370],{"class":80},[44,94599,94600,94602,94604,94606,94608,94610,94612,94614],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,94601,95],{"class":94},[44,94603,98],{"class":80},[44,94605,94460],{"class":94},[44,94607,98],{"class":80},[44,94609,94595],{"class":1675},[44,94611,2646],{"class":80},[44,94613,5162],{"class":1675},[44,94615,370],{"class":80},[44,94617,94618,94620,94622,94624,94626,94629,94631,94633,94635],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,94619,95],{"class":94},[44,94621,98],{"class":80},[44,94623,94460],{"class":94},[44,94625,98],{"class":80},[44,94627,94628],{"class":1675},"1234",[44,94630,2646],{"class":80},[44,94632,1872],{"class":54},[44,94634,1708],{"class":1675},[44,94636,370],{"class":80},[20,94638,107],{},[35,94640,94642],{"className":37,"code":94641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94643,94644,94648,94653],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94645,94646],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94647,2033],{"class":1675},[44,94649,94650],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,94651,94652],{"class":1675},"7.8\n",[44,94654,94655],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,94656,94657],{"class":1675},"1200\n",[20,94659,94660,94661,81],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[243,94662,2072],{"href":2071},[30,94664,675,94666,94668],{"id":94665},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,94667,94419],{}," with one argument",[20,94670,94671],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[35,94673,94675],{"className":37,"code":94674,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,94676,94677,94691],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94678,94679,94681,94683,94685,94687,94689],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94680,95],{"class":94},[44,94682,98],{"class":80},[44,94684,94460],{"class":94},[44,94686,98],{"class":80},[44,94688,2014],{"class":1675},[44,94690,370],{"class":80},[44,94692,94693,94695,94697,94699,94701,94704],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,94694,95],{"class":94},[44,94696,98],{"class":80},[44,94698,94460],{"class":94},[44,94700,98],{"class":80},[44,94702,94703],{"class":1675},"4.8",[44,94705,370],{"class":80},[20,94707,107],{},[35,94709,94711],{"className":37,"code":94710,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4\n5\n",[15,94712,94713,94717],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94714,94715],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94716,48312],{"class":1675},[44,94718,94719],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,94720,2602],{"class":1675},[20,94722,94723],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[35,94725,94727],{"className":37,"code":94726,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,94728,94729,94745,94755],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94730,94731,94733,94735,94738,94740,94743],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94732,1880],{"class":50},[44,94734,55],{"class":54},[44,94736,94737],{"class":94}," round",[44,94739,98],{"class":80},[44,94741,94742],{"class":1675},"10.2",[44,94744,104],{"class":80},[44,94746,94747,94749,94751,94753],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,94748,95],{"class":94},[44,94750,98],{"class":80},[44,94752,1915],{"class":84},[44,94754,104],{"class":80},[44,94756,94757,94759,94761,94763,94765,94767],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,94758,95],{"class":94},[44,94760,98],{"class":80},[44,94762,2880],{"class":1461},[44,94764,98],{"class":80},[44,94766,1915],{"class":84},[44,94768,370],{"class":80},[20,94770,107],{},[35,94772,94774],{"className":37,"code":94773,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,94775,94776,94780],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94777,94778],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94779,2028],{"class":1675},[44,94781,94782,94784,94786,94788,94790,94792],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,94783,2949],{"class":54},[44,94785,2952],{"class":1717},[44,94787,2955],{"class":58},[44,94789,1840],{"class":62},[44,94791,655],{"class":58},[44,94793,2962],{"class":54},[20,94795,94796,94797,81],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[243,94798,3234,94799,3167],{"href":2528},[15,94800,2531],{},[30,94802,675,94804,94806],{"id":94803},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,94805,94419],{}," with decimal places",[20,94808,94809],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[35,94811,94813],{"className":37,"code":94812,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,94814,94815,94833],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94816,94817,94819,94821,94823,94825,94827,94829,94831],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94818,95],{"class":94},[44,94820,98],{"class":80},[44,94822,94460],{"class":94},[44,94824,98],{"class":80},[44,94826,94465],{"class":1675},[44,94828,2646],{"class":80},[44,94830,2649],{"class":1675},[44,94832,370],{"class":80},[44,94834,94835,94837,94839,94841,94843,94845,94847,94849],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,94836,95],{"class":94},[44,94838,98],{"class":80},[44,94840,94460],{"class":94},[44,94842,98],{"class":80},[44,94844,94465],{"class":1675},[44,94846,2646],{"class":80},[44,94848,2104],{"class":1675},[44,94850,370],{"class":80},[20,94852,107],{},[35,94854,94856],{"className":37,"code":94855,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,94857,94858,94862],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94859,94860],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94861,39844],{"class":1675},[44,94863,94864],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,94865,94866],{"class":1675},"3.142\n",[20,94868,94869],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[35,94871,94873],{"className":37,"code":94872,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,94874,94875,94884,94903,94907,94917],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94876,94877,94879,94881],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94878,40054],{"class":50},[44,94880,55],{"class":54},[44,94882,94883],{"class":1675}," 19.9876\n",[44,94885,94886,94889,94891,94893,94895,94897,94899,94901],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,94887,94888],{"class":50},"rounded_price ",[44,94890,55],{"class":54},[44,94892,94737],{"class":94},[44,94894,98],{"class":80},[44,94896,24817],{"class":84},[44,94898,2646],{"class":80},[44,94900,2649],{"class":1675},[44,94902,104],{"class":80},[44,94904,94905],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,94906,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,94908,94909,94911,94913,94915],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,94910,95],{"class":94},[44,94912,98],{"class":80},[44,94914,24817],{"class":84},[44,94916,104],{"class":80},[44,94918,94919,94921,94923,94926],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,94920,95],{"class":94},[44,94922,98],{"class":80},[44,94924,94925],{"class":84},"rounded_price",[44,94927,104],{"class":80},[20,94929,107],{},[35,94931,94933],{"className":37,"code":94932,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,94934,94935,94940],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94936,94937],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94938,94939],{"class":1675},"19.9876\n",[44,94941,94942],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,94943,94944],{"class":1675},"19.99\n",[20,94946,94947,94948,94951,94952,2532,94954,81],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,94949,94950],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[243,94953,40559],{"href":40558},[243,94955,3234,94956,3167],{"href":2535},[15,94957,2538],{},[30,94959,94961,94962],{"id":94960},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,94963,94569],{},[20,94965,94966,94967,94969],{},"A negative ",[15,94968,94569],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[35,94971,94973],{"className":37,"code":94972,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,94974,94975,94995,95015],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94976,94977,94979,94981,94983,94985,94987,94989,94991,94993],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94978,95],{"class":94},[44,94980,98],{"class":80},[44,94982,94460],{"class":94},[44,94984,98],{"class":80},[44,94986,94628],{"class":1675},[44,94988,2646],{"class":80},[44,94990,1872],{"class":54},[44,94992,2643],{"class":1675},[44,94994,370],{"class":80},[44,94996,94997,94999,95001,95003,95005,95007,95009,95011,95013],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,94998,95],{"class":94},[44,95000,98],{"class":80},[44,95002,94460],{"class":94},[44,95004,98],{"class":80},[44,95006,94628],{"class":1675},[44,95008,2646],{"class":80},[44,95010,1872],{"class":54},[44,95012,1708],{"class":1675},[44,95014,370],{"class":80},[44,95016,95017,95019,95021,95023,95025,95027,95029,95031,95033],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,95018,95],{"class":94},[44,95020,98],{"class":80},[44,95022,94460],{"class":94},[44,95024,98],{"class":80},[44,95026,94628],{"class":1675},[44,95028,2646],{"class":80},[44,95030,1872],{"class":54},[44,95032,1714],{"class":1675},[44,95034,370],{"class":80},[20,95036,107],{},[35,95038,95040],{"className":37,"code":95039,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95041,95042,95047,95051],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95043,95044],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95045,95046],{"class":1675},"1230\n",[44,95048,95049],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,95050,94657],{"class":1675},[44,95052,95053],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,95054,95055],{"class":1675},"1000\n",[20,95057,65247],{},[139,95059,95060,95065,95071],{},[142,95061,95062,95064],{},[15,95063,65517],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[142,95066,95067,95070],{},[15,95068,95069],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[142,95072,95073,95075],{},[15,95074,47333],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95077,95078],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[30,95080,95082],{"id":95081},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95084,95085,95086,81],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95087,95088],{},".5",[20,95090,5136],{},[35,95092,95094],{"className":37,"code":95093,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95095,95096,95110],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95097,95098,95100,95102,95104,95106,95108],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95099,95],{"class":94},[44,95101,98],{"class":80},[44,95103,94460],{"class":94},[44,95105,98],{"class":80},[44,95107,40826],{"class":1675},[44,95109,370],{"class":80},[44,95111,95112,95114,95116,95118,95120,95122],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,95113,95],{"class":94},[44,95115,98],{"class":80},[44,95117,94460],{"class":94},[44,95119,98],{"class":80},[44,95121,1691],{"class":1675},[44,95123,370],{"class":80},[20,95125,107],{},[35,95127,95129],{"className":37,"code":95128,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n4\n",[15,95130,95131,95135],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95132,95133],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95134,16721],{"class":1675},[44,95136,95137],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,95138,48312],{"class":1675},[20,95140,95141,95142,95145,95146,95148],{},"Python uses ",[830,95143,95144],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95147,95088],{}," situations.",[20,95150,95151],{},"More examples:",[35,95153,95155],{"className":37,"code":95154,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95156,95157,95171,95185,95199],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95158,95159,95161,95163,95165,95167,95169],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95160,95],{"class":94},[44,95162,98],{"class":80},[44,95164,94460],{"class":94},[44,95166,98],{"class":80},[44,95168,40839],{"class":1675},[44,95170,370],{"class":80},[44,95172,95173,95175,95177,95179,95181,95183],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,95174,95],{"class":94},[44,95176,98],{"class":80},[44,95178,94460],{"class":94},[44,95180,98],{"class":80},[44,95182,40826],{"class":1675},[44,95184,370],{"class":80},[44,95186,95187,95189,95191,95193,95195,95197],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,95188,95],{"class":94},[44,95190,98],{"class":80},[44,95192,94460],{"class":94},[44,95194,98],{"class":80},[44,95196,1691],{"class":1675},[44,95198,370],{"class":80},[44,95200,95201,95203,95205,95207,95209,95211],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,95202,95],{"class":94},[44,95204,98],{"class":80},[44,95206,94460],{"class":94},[44,95208,98],{"class":80},[44,95210,40791],{"class":1675},[44,95212,370],{"class":80},[20,95214,107],{},[35,95216,95218],{"className":37,"code":95217,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95219,95220,95224,95228,95232],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95221,95222],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95223,16721],{"class":1675},[44,95225,95226],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,95227,16721],{"class":1675},[44,95229,95230],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,95231,48312],{"class":1675},[44,95233,95234],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,95235,48312],{"class":1675},[20,95237,95238],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95240,10373],{},[139,95242,95243,95250],{},[142,95244,95245,1786,95248],{},[15,95246,95247],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95249,1708],{},[142,95251,95252,1786,95255],{},[15,95253,95254],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95256,2158],{},[20,95258,2827,95259,95261],{},[15,95260,95088],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[30,95263,95265],{"id":95264},"return-values","Return values",[20,95267,95268,95270],{},[15,95269,94419],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95272,40573,95273,95275],{},[830,95274,832],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[35,95277,95279],{"className":37,"code":95278,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95280,95281,95290,95294,95304,95322],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95282,95283,95285,95287],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95284,2099],{"class":50},[44,95286,55],{"class":54},[44,95288,95289],{"class":1675}," 3.14159\n",[44,95291,95292],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,95293,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,95295,95296,95298,95300,95302],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,95297,95],{"class":94},[44,95299,98],{"class":80},[44,95301,2126],{"class":84},[44,95303,104],{"class":80},[44,95305,95306,95308,95310,95312,95314,95316,95318,95320],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,95307,95],{"class":94},[44,95309,98],{"class":80},[44,95311,94460],{"class":94},[44,95313,98],{"class":80},[44,95315,2126],{"class":84},[44,95317,2646],{"class":80},[44,95319,2649],{"class":1675},[44,95321,370],{"class":80},[44,95323,95324,95326,95328,95330],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,95325,95],{"class":94},[44,95327,98],{"class":80},[44,95329,2126],{"class":84},[44,95331,104],{"class":80},[20,95333,107],{},[35,95335,95337],{"className":37,"code":95336,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95338,95339,95344,95348],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95340,95341],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95342,95343],{"class":1675},"3.14159\n",[44,95345,95346],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,95347,39844],{"class":1675},[44,95349,95350],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,95351,95343],{"class":1675},[20,95353,95354],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[35,95356,95358],{"className":37,"code":95357,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95359,95360,95368,95386,95390],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95361,95362,95364,95366],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95363,2099],{"class":50},[44,95365,55],{"class":54},[44,95367,95289],{"class":1675},[44,95369,95370,95372,95374,95376,95378,95380,95382,95384],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,95371,2099],{"class":50},[44,95373,55],{"class":54},[44,95375,94737],{"class":94},[44,95377,98],{"class":80},[44,95379,2126],{"class":84},[44,95381,2646],{"class":80},[44,95383,2649],{"class":1675},[44,95385,104],{"class":80},[44,95387,95388],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,95389,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,95391,95392,95394,95396,95398],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,95393,95],{"class":94},[44,95395,98],{"class":80},[44,95397,2126],{"class":84},[44,95399,104],{"class":80},[20,95401,107],{},[35,95403,95404],{"className":37,"code":39844,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,95405,95406],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95407,95408],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95409,39844],{"class":1675},[30,95411,1133,95413],{"id":95412},"when-to-use-round",[15,95414,94419],{},[20,95416,119,95417,5982],{},[15,95418,94419],{},[139,95420,95421,95424,95427,95430],{},[142,95422,95423],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[142,95425,95426],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[142,95428,95429],{},"Round values before reporting results",[142,95431,95432],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95434,5136],{},[35,95436,95438],{"className":37,"code":95437,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95439,95440,95449],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95441,95442,95444,95446],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95443,2250],{"class":50},[44,95445,55],{"class":54},[44,95447,95448],{"class":1675}," 12.67891\n",[44,95450,95451,95453,95455,95457,95459,95461,95463,95465],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,95452,95],{"class":94},[44,95454,98],{"class":80},[44,95456,94460],{"class":94},[44,95458,98],{"class":80},[44,95460,2273],{"class":84},[44,95462,2646],{"class":80},[44,95464,2649],{"class":1675},[44,95466,370],{"class":80},[20,95468,107],{},[35,95470,95472],{"className":37,"code":95471,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"12.68\n",[15,95473,95474],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95475,95476],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95477,95471],{"class":1675},[30,95479,1238],{"id":1237},[20,95481,22762,95482,81],{},[15,95483,94419],{},[267,95485,1246,95487,95489,95490,95492],{"id":95486},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95488,94419],{}," to always round ",[15,95491,95088],{}," upward",[20,95494,95495],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[35,95497,95498],{"className":37,"code":95093,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,95499,95500,95514],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95501,95502,95504,95506,95508,95510,95512],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95503,95],{"class":94},[44,95505,98],{"class":80},[44,95507,94460],{"class":94},[44,95509,98],{"class":80},[44,95511,40826],{"class":1675},[44,95513,370],{"class":80},[44,95515,95516,95518,95520,95522,95524,95526],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,95517,95],{"class":94},[44,95519,98],{"class":80},[44,95521,94460],{"class":94},[44,95523,98],{"class":80},[44,95525,1691],{"class":1675},[44,95527,370],{"class":80},[20,95529,107],{},[35,95531,95532],{"className":37,"code":95128,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,95533,95534,95538],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95535,95536],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95537,16721],{"class":1675},[44,95539,95540],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,95541,48312],{"class":1675},[20,95543,95544],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[267,95546,95548],{"id":95547},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95550,95551,95553],{},[15,95552,94419],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[35,95555,95557],{"className":37,"code":95556,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95558,95559,95567,95581,95585],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95560,95561,95563,95565],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95562,2099],{"class":50},[44,95564,55],{"class":54},[44,95566,95289],{"class":1675},[44,95568,95569,95571,95573,95575,95577,95579],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,95570,94460],{"class":94},[44,95572,98],{"class":80},[44,95574,2126],{"class":84},[44,95576,2646],{"class":80},[44,95578,2649],{"class":1675},[44,95580,104],{"class":80},[44,95582,95583],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,95584,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,95586,95587,95589,95591,95593],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,95588,95],{"class":94},[44,95590,98],{"class":80},[44,95592,2126],{"class":84},[44,95594,104],{"class":80},[20,95596,107],{},[35,95598,95599],{"className":37,"code":95343,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,95600,95601],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95602,95603],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95604,95343],{"class":1675},[20,95606,95607],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[35,95609,95611],{"className":37,"code":95610,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95612,95613],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95614,95615,95617,95619,95621,95623,95625,95627,95629],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95616,2099],{"class":50},[44,95618,55],{"class":54},[44,95620,94737],{"class":94},[44,95622,98],{"class":80},[44,95624,2126],{"class":84},[44,95626,2646],{"class":80},[44,95628,2649],{"class":1675},[44,95630,104],{"class":80},[267,95632,95634],{"id":95633},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95636,16065],{},[35,95638,95640],{"className":37,"code":95639,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95641,95642],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95643,95644],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95645,95639],{"class":3324},[20,95647,95648],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[35,95650,95652],{"className":37,"code":95651,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,95653,95654,95666,95680,95684],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95655,95656,95658,95660,95662,95664],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95657,51],{"class":50},[44,95659,55],{"class":54},[44,95661,59],{"class":58},[44,95663,39810],{"class":62},[44,95665,66],{"class":58},[44,95667,95668,95670,95672,95674,95676,95678],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,95669,1867],{"class":50},[44,95671,55],{"class":54},[44,95673,39922],{"class":1461},[44,95675,98],{"class":80},[44,95677,194],{"class":84},[44,95679,104],{"class":80},[44,95681,95682],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,95683,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,95685,95686,95688,95690,95692,95694,95696,95698,95700],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,95687,95],{"class":94},[44,95689,98],{"class":80},[44,95691,94460],{"class":94},[44,95693,98],{"class":80},[44,95695,1890],{"class":84},[44,95697,2646],{"class":80},[44,95699,5162],{"class":1675},[44,95701,370],{"class":80},[20,95703,107],{},[35,95705,95707],{"className":37,"code":95706,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.1\n",[15,95708,95709],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95710,95711],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95712,95706],{"class":1675},[267,95714,95716],{"id":95715},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,95718,95719,95721],{},[15,95720,94419],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,95723,95724,95725,2532,95729,81],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[243,95726,95727],{"href":2535},[15,95728,2538],{},[243,95730,95731],{"href":2528},[15,95732,2531],{},[30,95734,1478],{"id":1477},[267,95736,1482,95738,95740,95741,95743],{"id":95737},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,95739,94419],{}," always round ",[15,95742,39881],{}," up?",[20,95745,95746],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[267,95748,1482,95750,95752],{"id":95749},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,95751,94419],{}," change the original number?",[20,95754,95755],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[267,95757,4832,95759,95761],{"id":95758},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,95760,94419],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,95763,95764,95765,95767,95768,2532,95770,81],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,95766,94569],{}," value like ",[15,95769,65517],{},[15,95771,95069],{},[267,95773,27996,95775,95777,95778,1520],{"id":95774},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,95776,94419],{}," on a string like ",[15,95779,47757],{},[20,95781,95782,95783,2532,95785,81],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,95784,2538],{},[15,95786,2531],{},[30,95788,1545],{"id":1544},[139,95790,95791,95797,95803,95807],{},[142,95792,95793],{},[243,95794,3234,95795,3167],{"href":2535},[15,95796,2538],{},[142,95798,95799],{},[243,95800,3234,95801,3167],{"href":2528},[15,95802,2531],{},[142,95804,95805],{},[243,95806,2072],{"href":2071},[142,95808,95809],{},[243,95810,41845],{"href":40558},[1577,95812,95813],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":95815},[95816,95817,95819,95820,95822,95824,95826,95827,95828,95830,95837,95847],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":94511,"depth":69,"text":95818},"What round() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":94665,"depth":69,"text":95821},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":94803,"depth":69,"text":95823},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":94960,"depth":69,"text":95825},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95081,"depth":69,"text":95082},{"id":95264,"depth":69,"text":95265},{"id":95412,"depth":69,"text":95829},"When to use round()",{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238,"children":95831},[95832,95834,95835,95836],{"id":95486,"depth":91,"text":95833},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95547,"depth":91,"text":95548},{"id":95633,"depth":91,"text":95634},{"id":95715,"depth":91,"text":95716},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":95838},[95839,95841,95843,95845],{"id":95737,"depth":91,"text":95840},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95749,"depth":91,"text":95842},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95758,"depth":91,"text":95844},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":95774,"depth":91,"text":95846},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94411,"description":95848},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":95855,"title":95856,"body":95857,"description":97042,"extension":1611,"meta":97043,"navigation":184,"path":97044,"seo":97045,"stem":97046,"__hash__":97047},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":95858,"toc":97016},[95859,95866,95872,95875,95877,95926,95930,95955,95960,95965,95970,95984,95995,95997,96016,96018,96034,96037,96048,96050,96052,96113,96117,96150,96157,96164,96167,96200,96203,96207,96210,96263,96267,96288,96294,96301,96308,96369,96377,96454,96458,96470,96479,96481,96487,96493,96497,96550,96553,96611,96615,96623,96626,96630,96633,96643,96645,96742,96745,96756,96759,96802,96806,96830,96833,96839,96841,96845,96870,96872,96939,96948,96950,96956,96961,96965,96968,96972,96979,96983,96988,96990,97007,97013],[10,95860,95862,95863,18],{"id":95861},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,95864,95865],{},"add()",[20,95867,95868,95871],{},[15,95869,95870],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,95873,95874],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[30,95876,1653],{"id":1652},[35,95878,95880],{"className":37,"code":95879,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,95881,95882,95902,95916],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95883,95884,95886,95888,95890,95892,95894,95896,95898,95900],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95885,3276],{"class":50},[44,95887,55],{"class":54},[44,95889,10151],{"class":80},[44,95891,2643],{"class":1675},[44,95893,2646],{"class":80},[44,95895,2649],{"class":1675},[44,95897,2646],{"class":80},[44,95899,2104],{"class":1675},[44,95901,8969],{"class":80},[44,95903,95904,95906,95908,95910,95912,95914],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,95905,3308],{"class":50},[44,95907,81],{"class":80},[44,95909,81769],{"class":84},[44,95911,98],{"class":80},[44,95913,2158],{"class":1675},[44,95915,104],{"class":80},[44,95917,95918,95920,95922,95924],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,95919,95],{"class":94},[44,95921,98],{"class":80},[44,95923,3308],{"class":84},[44,95925,104],{"class":80},[20,95927,95928],{},[830,95929,107],{},[35,95931,95933],{"className":37,"code":95932,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,95934,95935],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95936,95937,95939,95941,95943,95945,95947,95949,95951,95953],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95938,8938],{"class":80},[44,95940,2643],{"class":1675},[44,95942,2646],{"class":80},[44,95944,2649],{"class":1675},[44,95946,2646],{"class":80},[44,95948,2104],{"class":1675},[44,95950,2646],{"class":80},[44,95952,2110],{"class":1675},[44,95954,8969],{"class":80},[20,95956,119,95957,95959],{},[15,95958,95865],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[30,95961,126,95963,129],{"id":95962},"what-setadd-does",[15,95964,95870],{},[20,95966,95967,95969],{},[15,95968,95870],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[139,95971,95972,95975,95978,95981],{},[142,95973,95974],{},"Adds one item to a set",[142,95976,95977],{},"Changes the original set in place",[142,95979,95980],{},"Does not return a new set",[142,95982,95983],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,95985,95986,95987,2532,95991,81],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[243,95988,95990],{"href":95989},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[243,95992,95994],{"href":95993},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[30,95996,250],{"id":249},[35,95998,96000],{"className":37,"code":95999,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96001,96002],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96003,96004,96006,96008,96010,96012,96014],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96005,15330],{"class":50},[44,96007,81],{"class":80},[44,96009,81769],{"class":84},[44,96011,98],{"class":80},[44,96013,22978],{"class":84},[44,96015,104],{"class":80},[20,96017,11119],{},[139,96019,96020,96025,96028],{},[142,96021,55570,96022,96024],{},[15,96023,95865],{}," on an existing set",[142,96026,96027],{},"Pass exactly one item",[142,96029,96030,96031],{},"The item must be ",[830,96032,96033],{},"hashable",[20,96035,96036],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[139,96038,96039,96041,96043,96046],{},[142,96040,56123],{},[142,96042,56126],{},[142,96044,96045],{},"Tuples",[142,96047,40262],{},[30,96049,11136],{"id":11135},[20,96051,11139],{},[35,96053,96055],{"className":37,"code":96054,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96056,96057,96081,96099,96103],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96058,96059,96061,96063,96065,96067,96069,96071,96073,96075,96077,96079],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96060,12738],{"class":50},[44,96062,55],{"class":54},[44,96064,10151],{"class":80},[44,96066,362],{"class":58},[44,96068,12755],{"class":62},[44,96070,362],{"class":58},[44,96072,2646],{"class":80},[44,96074,59],{"class":58},[44,96076,12772],{"class":62},[44,96078,362],{"class":58},[44,96080,8969],{"class":80},[44,96082,96083,96085,96087,96089,96091,96093,96095,96097],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,96084,17168],{"class":50},[44,96086,81],{"class":80},[44,96088,81769],{"class":84},[44,96090,98],{"class":80},[44,96092,362],{"class":58},[44,96094,17121],{"class":62},[44,96096,362],{"class":58},[44,96098,104],{"class":80},[44,96100,96101],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,96102,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,96104,96105,96107,96109,96111],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,96106,95],{"class":94},[44,96108,98],{"class":80},[44,96110,17168],{"class":84},[44,96112,104],{"class":80},[20,96114,96115],{},[830,96116,29697],{},[35,96118,96120],{"className":37,"code":96119,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96121,96122],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96123,96124,96126,96128,96130,96132,96134,96136,96138,96140,96142,96144,96146,96148],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96125,8938],{"class":80},[44,96127,655],{"class":58},[44,96129,12755],{"class":62},[44,96131,655],{"class":58},[44,96133,2646],{"class":80},[44,96135,2955],{"class":58},[44,96137,17121],{"class":62},[44,96139,655],{"class":58},[44,96141,2646],{"class":80},[44,96143,2955],{"class":58},[44,96145,12772],{"class":62},[44,96147,655],{"class":58},[44,96149,8969],{"class":80},[20,96151,96152,96153,96156],{},"The new value ",[15,96154,96155],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96158,96159,96160,96163],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[830,96161,96162],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96165,96166],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[35,96168,96170],{"className":37,"code":96169,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96171,96172],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96173,96174,96176,96178,96180,96182,96184,96186,96188,96190,96192,96194,96196,96198],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96175,8938],{"class":80},[44,96177,655],{"class":58},[44,96179,12772],{"class":62},[44,96181,655],{"class":58},[44,96183,2646],{"class":80},[44,96185,2955],{"class":58},[44,96187,12755],{"class":62},[44,96189,655],{"class":58},[44,96191,2646],{"class":80},[44,96193,2955],{"class":58},[44,96195,17121],{"class":62},[44,96197,655],{"class":58},[44,96199,8969],{"class":80},[20,96201,96202],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[30,96204,96206],{"id":96205},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96208,96209],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[35,96211,96213],{"className":37,"code":96212,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96214,96215,96235,96249,96253],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96216,96217,96219,96221,96223,96225,96227,96229,96231,96233],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96218,3276],{"class":50},[44,96220,55],{"class":54},[44,96222,10151],{"class":80},[44,96224,2643],{"class":1675},[44,96226,2646],{"class":80},[44,96228,2649],{"class":1675},[44,96230,2646],{"class":80},[44,96232,2104],{"class":1675},[44,96234,8969],{"class":80},[44,96236,96237,96239,96241,96243,96245,96247],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,96238,3308],{"class":50},[44,96240,81],{"class":80},[44,96242,81769],{"class":84},[44,96244,98],{"class":80},[44,96246,1708],{"class":1675},[44,96248,104],{"class":80},[44,96250,96251],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,96252,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,96254,96255,96257,96259,96261],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,96256,95],{"class":94},[44,96258,98],{"class":80},[44,96260,3308],{"class":84},[44,96262,104],{"class":80},[20,96264,96265],{},[830,96266,107],{},[35,96268,96270],{"className":37,"code":96269,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96271,96272],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96273,96274,96276,96278,96280,96282,96284,96286],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96275,8938],{"class":80},[44,96277,2643],{"class":1675},[44,96279,2646],{"class":80},[44,96281,2649],{"class":1675},[44,96283,2646],{"class":80},[44,96285,2104],{"class":1675},[44,96287,8969],{"class":80},[20,96289,96290,96291,96293],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96292,1708],{}," was already present.",[30,96295,96297,866,96299],{"id":96296},"add-vs-update",[15,96298,95865],{},[15,96300,14617],{},[20,96302,119,96303,96305,96306,81],{},[15,96304,95865],{}," when you want to add ",[830,96307,52318],{},[35,96309,96311],{"className":37,"code":96310,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96312,96313,96337,96355,96359],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96314,96315,96317,96319,96321,96323,96325,96327,96329,96331,96333,96335],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96316,35755],{"class":50},[44,96318,55],{"class":54},[44,96320,10151],{"class":80},[44,96322,362],{"class":58},[44,96324,243],{"class":62},[44,96326,362],{"class":58},[44,96328,2646],{"class":80},[44,96330,59],{"class":58},[44,96332,842],{"class":62},[44,96334,362],{"class":58},[44,96336,8969],{"class":80},[44,96338,96339,96341,96343,96345,96347,96349,96351,96353],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,96340,35808],{"class":50},[44,96342,81],{"class":80},[44,96344,81769],{"class":84},[44,96346,98],{"class":80},[44,96348,362],{"class":58},[44,96350,846],{"class":62},[44,96352,362],{"class":58},[44,96354,104],{"class":80},[44,96356,96357],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,96358,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,96360,96361,96363,96365,96367],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,96362,95],{"class":94},[44,96364,98],{"class":80},[44,96366,35808],{"class":84},[44,96368,104],{"class":80},[20,96370,119,96371,96305,96373,96376],{},[15,96372,14617],{},[830,96374,96375],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[35,96378,96380],{"className":37,"code":96379,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96381,96382,96406,96440,96444],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96383,96384,96386,96388,96390,96392,96394,96396,96398,96400,96402,96404],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96385,35755],{"class":50},[44,96387,55],{"class":54},[44,96389,10151],{"class":80},[44,96391,362],{"class":58},[44,96393,243],{"class":62},[44,96395,362],{"class":58},[44,96397,2646],{"class":80},[44,96399,59],{"class":58},[44,96401,842],{"class":62},[44,96403,362],{"class":58},[44,96405,8969],{"class":80},[44,96407,96408,96410,96412,96414,96416,96418,96420,96422,96424,96426,96428,96430,96432,96434,96436,96438],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,96409,35808],{"class":50},[44,96411,81],{"class":80},[44,96413,30132],{"class":84},[44,96415,2640],{"class":80},[44,96417,362],{"class":58},[44,96419,846],{"class":62},[44,96421,362],{"class":58},[44,96423,2646],{"class":80},[44,96425,59],{"class":58},[44,96427,18434],{"class":62},[44,96429,362],{"class":58},[44,96431,2646],{"class":80},[44,96433,59],{"class":58},[44,96435,60110],{"class":62},[44,96437,362],{"class":58},[44,96439,3549],{"class":80},[44,96441,96442],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,96443,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,96445,96446,96448,96450,96452],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,96447,95],{"class":94},[44,96449,98],{"class":80},[44,96451,35808],{"class":84},[44,96453,104],{"class":80},[267,96455,96457],{"id":96456},"key-difference","Key difference",[139,96459,96460,96465],{},[142,96461,96462,96464],{},[15,96463,95865],{}," adds one item",[142,96466,96467,96469],{},[15,96468,14617],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96471,96472,96473,81],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[243,96474,96476,96477,1555],{"href":96475},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96478,14617],{},[30,96480,17084],{"id":17083},[20,96482,96483,2049,96485,81],{},[15,96484,95870],{},[15,96486,3439],{},[20,96488,96489,96490,96492],{},"That means you should ",[830,96491,832],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[267,96494,96496],{"id":96495},"correct","Correct",[35,96498,96500],{"className":37,"code":96499,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96501,96502,96522,96536,96540],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96503,96504,96506,96508,96510,96512,96514,96516,96518,96520],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96505,15292],{"class":50},[44,96507,55],{"class":54},[44,96509,10151],{"class":80},[44,96511,2643],{"class":1675},[44,96513,2646],{"class":80},[44,96515,2649],{"class":1675},[44,96517,2646],{"class":80},[44,96519,2104],{"class":1675},[44,96521,8969],{"class":80},[44,96523,96524,96526,96528,96530,96532,96534],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,96525,15330],{"class":50},[44,96527,81],{"class":80},[44,96529,81769],{"class":84},[44,96531,98],{"class":80},[44,96533,2158],{"class":1675},[44,96535,104],{"class":80},[44,96537,96538],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,96539,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,96541,96542,96544,96546,96548],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,96543,95],{"class":94},[44,96545,98],{"class":80},[44,96547,15330],{"class":84},[44,96549,104],{"class":80},[267,96551,96552],{"id":61432},"Wrong",[35,96554,96556],{"className":37,"code":96555,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96557,96558,96578,96597,96601],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96559,96560,96562,96564,96566,96568,96570,96572,96574,96576],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96561,15292],{"class":50},[44,96563,55],{"class":54},[44,96565,10151],{"class":80},[44,96567,2643],{"class":1675},[44,96569,2646],{"class":80},[44,96571,2649],{"class":1675},[44,96573,2646],{"class":80},[44,96575,2104],{"class":1675},[44,96577,8969],{"class":80},[44,96579,96580,96582,96584,96587,96589,96591,96593,96595],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,96581,15292],{"class":50},[44,96583,55],{"class":54},[44,96585,96586],{"class":50}," my_set",[44,96588,81],{"class":80},[44,96590,81769],{"class":84},[44,96592,98],{"class":80},[44,96594,2158],{"class":1675},[44,96596,104],{"class":80},[44,96598,96599],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,96600,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,96602,96603,96605,96607,96609],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,96604,95],{"class":94},[44,96606,98],{"class":80},[44,96608,15330],{"class":84},[44,96610,104],{"class":80},[20,96612,96613],{},[830,96614,107],{},[35,96616,96617],{"className":37,"code":11470,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,96618,96619],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96620,96621],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96622,11470],{"class":3513},[20,96624,96625],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[30,96627,96629],{"id":96628},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96631,96632],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[139,96634,96635,96637,96639,96641],{},[142,96636,56123],{},[142,96638,56126],{},[142,96640,96045],{},[142,96642,40262],{},[20,96644,161],{},[35,96646,96648],{"className":37,"code":96647,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96649,96650,96660,96664,96678,96696,96714,96728,96732],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96651,96652,96654,96656,96658],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96653,7441],{"class":50},[44,96655,55],{"class":54},[44,96657,15297],{"class":1461},[44,96659,88],{"class":80},[44,96661,96662],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,96663,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,96665,96666,96668,96670,96672,96674,96676],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,96667,7472],{"class":50},[44,96669,81],{"class":80},[44,96671,81769],{"class":84},[44,96673,98],{"class":80},[44,96675,1982],{"class":1675},[44,96677,104],{"class":80},[44,96679,96680,96682,96684,96686,96688,96690,96692,96694],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,96681,7472],{"class":50},[44,96683,81],{"class":80},[44,96685,81769],{"class":84},[44,96687,98],{"class":80},[44,96689,362],{"class":58},[44,96691,986],{"class":62},[44,96693,362],{"class":58},[44,96695,104],{"class":80},[44,96697,96698,96700,96702,96704,96706,96708,96710,96712],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,96699,7472],{"class":50},[44,96701,81],{"class":80},[44,96703,81769],{"class":84},[44,96705,5175],{"class":80},[44,96707,2643],{"class":1675},[44,96709,2646],{"class":80},[44,96711,2649],{"class":1675},[44,96713,370],{"class":80},[44,96715,96716,96718,96720,96722,96724,96726],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,96717,7472],{"class":50},[44,96719,81],{"class":80},[44,96721,81769],{"class":84},[44,96723,98],{"class":80},[44,96725,3263],{"class":3513},[44,96727,104],{"class":80},[44,96729,96730],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,96731,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,96733,96734,96736,96738,96740],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,96735,95],{"class":94},[44,96737,98],{"class":80},[44,96739,7472],{"class":84},[44,96741,104],{"class":80},[20,96743,96744],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[139,96746,96747,96750,96753],{},[142,96748,96749],{},"Lists",[142,96751,96752],{},"Dictionaries",[142,96754,96755],{},"Sets",[20,96757,96758],{},"Example that causes an error:",[35,96760,96762],{"className":37,"code":96761,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,96763,96764,96784],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96765,96766,96768,96770,96772,96774,96776,96778,96780,96782],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96767,7441],{"class":50},[44,96769,55],{"class":54},[44,96771,10151],{"class":80},[44,96773,2643],{"class":1675},[44,96775,2646],{"class":80},[44,96777,2649],{"class":1675},[44,96779,2646],{"class":80},[44,96781,2104],{"class":1675},[44,96783,8969],{"class":80},[44,96785,96786,96788,96790,96792,96794,96796,96798,96800],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,96787,7472],{"class":50},[44,96789,81],{"class":80},[44,96791,81769],{"class":84},[44,96793,2640],{"class":80},[44,96795,2158],{"class":1675},[44,96797,2646],{"class":80},[44,96799,4270],{"class":1675},[44,96801,3549],{"class":80},[20,96803,96804],{},[830,96805,29349],{},[35,96807,96809],{"className":37,"code":96808,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,96810,96811],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96812,96813,96815,96817,96820,96822,96824,96826,96828],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96814,2662],{"class":1461},[44,96816,2539],{"class":80},[44,96818,96819],{"class":50}," unhashable ",[44,96821,2880],{"class":1461},[44,96823,2539],{"class":80},[44,96825,2955],{"class":58},[44,96827,7754],{"class":62},[44,96829,664],{"class":58},[20,96831,96832],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,96834,96835,96836,81],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,96837,96838],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[30,96840,1238],{"id":1237},[20,96842,14396,96843,2539],{},[15,96844,95870],{},[139,96846,96847,96852,96857,96860,96867],{},[142,96848,675,96849,96851],{},[15,96850,95865],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[142,96853,1246,96854,96856],{},[15,96855,95865],{}," to return the updated set",[142,96858,96859],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[142,96861,36869,96862,96864,96865],{},[15,96863,95870],{}," with list ",[15,96866,52314],{},[142,96868,96869],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,96871,71169],{},[35,96873,96875],{"className":37,"code":96874,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,96876,96877,96887,96901,96911,96925],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96878,96879,96881,96883,96885],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96880,95],{"class":94},[44,96882,98],{"class":80},[44,96884,15330],{"class":84},[44,96886,104],{"class":80},[44,96888,96889,96891,96893,96895,96897,96899],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,96890,95],{"class":94},[44,96892,98],{"class":80},[44,96894,2880],{"class":1461},[44,96896,98],{"class":80},[44,96898,15330],{"class":84},[44,96900,370],{"class":80},[44,96902,96903,96905,96907,96909],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,96904,95],{"class":94},[44,96906,98],{"class":80},[44,96908,2126],{"class":84},[44,96910,104],{"class":80},[44,96912,96913,96915,96917,96919,96921,96923],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,96914,95],{"class":94},[44,96916,98],{"class":80},[44,96918,2880],{"class":1461},[44,96920,98],{"class":80},[44,96922,2126],{"class":84},[44,96924,370],{"class":80},[44,96926,96927,96929,96931,96933,96935,96937],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,96928,1456],{"class":94},[44,96930,98],{"class":80},[44,96932,5952],{"class":1461},[44,96934,81],{"class":80},[44,96936,81769],{"class":1467},[44,96938,104],{"class":80},[20,96940,96941,96942,96944,96945,81],{},"Also remember that ",[15,96943,95870],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[243,96946,52711],{"href":96947},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[30,96949,1478],{"id":1477},[267,96951,1482,96953,96955],{"id":96952},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,96954,95870],{}," return a new set?",[20,96957,96958,96959,81],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,96960,3439],{},[267,96962,96964],{"id":96963},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,96966,96967],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[267,96969,96971],{"id":96970},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,96973,119,96974,10752,96977,81],{},[15,96975,96976],{},"set.update()",[15,96978,95865],{},[267,96980,96982],{"id":96981},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,96984,96985,96986,81],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,96987,2662],{},[30,96989,1545],{"id":1544},[139,96991,96992,96996,97001],{},[142,96993,96994],{},[243,96995,95990],{"href":95989},[142,96997,96998],{},[243,96999,97000],{"href":95993},"How to create a set in Python",[142,97002,97003],{},[243,97004,96476,97005,1555],{"href":96475},[15,97006,14617],{},[20,97008,97009,97010,97012],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97011,95865],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1577,97014,97015],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":97017},[97018,97019,97021,97022,97023,97024,97028,97032,97033,97034,97041],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":95962,"depth":69,"text":97020},"What set.add() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":11135,"depth":69,"text":11136},{"id":96205,"depth":69,"text":96206},{"id":96296,"depth":69,"text":97025,"children":97026},"add() vs update()",[97027],{"id":96456,"depth":91,"text":96457},{"id":17083,"depth":69,"text":17084,"children":97029},[97030,97031],{"id":96495,"depth":91,"text":96496},{"id":61432,"depth":91,"text":96552},{"id":96628,"depth":69,"text":96629},{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":97035},[97036,97038,97039,97040],{"id":96952,"depth":91,"text":97037},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":96963,"depth":91,"text":96964},{"id":96970,"depth":91,"text":96971},{"id":96981,"depth":91,"text":96982},{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":95856,"description":97042},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97049,"title":97050,"body":97051,"description":98220,"extension":1611,"meta":98221,"navigation":184,"path":98222,"seo":98223,"stem":98224,"__hash__":98225},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97052,"toc":98187},[97053,97058,97064,97071,97116,97118,97129,97134,97139,97143,97157,97162,97164,97166,97181,97183,97197,97199,97201,97266,97268,97278,97280,97298,97304,97311,97316,97390,97392,97409,97415,97420,97491,97493,97520,97537,97540,97546,97548,97555,97559,97626,97628,97643,97646,97699,97701,97709,97721,97723,97727,97732,97734,97783,97785,97793,97795,97840,97842,97852,97858,97866,97879,97885,97887,97916,97918,97936,97940,97943,97974,97976,97994,97998,98073,98075,98091,98098,98100,98105,98110,98116,98119,98123,98131,98138,98146,98148,98184],[10,97054,95862,97056,18],{"id":97055},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97057,10982],{},[20,97059,97060,97063],{},[15,97061,97062],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97065,97066,97067,97070],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[830,97068,97069],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[35,97072,97074],{"className":37,"code":97073,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97075,97076,97096,97106],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97077,97078,97080,97082,97084,97086,97088,97090,97092,97094],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97079,3276],{"class":50},[44,97081,55],{"class":54},[44,97083,10151],{"class":80},[44,97085,2643],{"class":1675},[44,97087,2646],{"class":80},[44,97089,2649],{"class":1675},[44,97091,2646],{"class":80},[44,97093,2104],{"class":1675},[44,97095,8969],{"class":80},[44,97097,97098,97100,97102,97104],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,97099,3308],{"class":50},[44,97101,81],{"class":80},[44,97103,11043],{"class":84},[44,97105,88],{"class":80},[44,97107,97108,97110,97112,97114],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,97109,95],{"class":94},[44,97111,98],{"class":80},[44,97113,3308],{"class":84},[44,97115,104],{"class":80},[20,97117,107],{},[35,97119,97121],{"className":37,"code":97120,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\n",[15,97122,97123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97124,97125,97127],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97126,5952],{"class":1461},[44,97128,88],{"class":80},[20,97130,97131,97133],{},[15,97132,10982],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[30,97135,126,97137,129],{"id":97136},"what-setclear-does",[15,97138,97062],{},[20,97140,1628,97141,11073],{},[15,97142,10982],{},[139,97144,97145,97148,97150,97154],{},[142,97146,97147],{},"Removes every item from a set",[142,97149,95977],{},[142,97151,11084,97152],{},[15,97153,3439],{},[142,97155,97156],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97158,95986,97159,71268],{},[243,97160,95990],{"href":97161},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[30,97163,250],{"id":249},[20,97165,54108],{},[35,97167,97169],{"className":37,"code":97168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97170,97171],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97172,97173,97175,97177,97179],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97174,15330],{"class":50},[44,97176,81],{"class":80},[44,97178,11043],{"class":84},[44,97180,88],{"class":80},[20,97182,137],{},[139,97184,97185,97188,97191,97194],{},[142,97186,97187],{},"It takes no arguments",[142,97189,97190],{},"It empties the set",[142,97192,97193],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[142,97195,97196],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[30,97198,11136],{"id":11135},[20,97200,11139],{},[35,97202,97204],{"className":37,"code":97203,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97205,97206,97238,97242,97252,97256],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97207,97208,97210,97212,97214,97216,97218,97220,97222,97224,97226,97228,97230,97232,97234,97236],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97209,12738],{"class":50},[44,97211,55],{"class":54},[44,97213,10151],{"class":80},[44,97215,362],{"class":58},[44,97217,12755],{"class":62},[44,97219,362],{"class":58},[44,97221,2646],{"class":80},[44,97223,59],{"class":58},[44,97225,17121],{"class":62},[44,97227,362],{"class":58},[44,97229,2646],{"class":80},[44,97231,59],{"class":58},[44,97233,12772],{"class":62},[44,97235,362],{"class":58},[44,97237,8969],{"class":80},[44,97239,97240],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,97241,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,97243,97244,97246,97248,97250],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,97245,17168],{"class":50},[44,97247,81],{"class":80},[44,97249,11043],{"class":84},[44,97251,88],{"class":80},[44,97253,97254],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,97255,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,97257,97258,97260,97262,97264],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,97259,95],{"class":94},[44,97261,98],{"class":80},[44,97263,17168],{"class":84},[44,97265,104],{"class":80},[20,97267,107],{},[35,97269,97270],{"className":37,"code":97120,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,97271,97272],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97273,97274,97276],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97275,5952],{"class":1461},[44,97277,88],{"class":80},[20,97279,11345],{},[139,97281,97282,97287,97292],{},[142,97283,97284,97286],{},[15,97285,17168],{}," starts with three values",[142,97288,97289,11358],{},[15,97290,97291],{},"colors.clear()",[142,97293,97294,97295,97297],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97296,3458],{},", which means an empty set",[30,97299,97301,97303],{"id":97300},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97302,10982],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97305,97306,4057,97308,97310],{},[15,97307,10982],{},[15,97309,3458],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[267,97312,675,97314],{"id":97313},"using-clear",[15,97315,10982],{},[35,97317,97319],{"className":37,"code":97318,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97320,97321,97341,97351,97355,97365,97369,97379],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97322,97323,97325,97327,97329,97331,97333,97335,97337,97339],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97324,7441],{"class":50},[44,97326,55],{"class":54},[44,97328,10151],{"class":80},[44,97330,2643],{"class":1675},[44,97332,2646],{"class":80},[44,97334,2649],{"class":1675},[44,97336,2646],{"class":80},[44,97338,2104],{"class":1675},[44,97340,8969],{"class":80},[44,97342,97343,97346,97348],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,97344,97345],{"class":50},"other_name ",[44,97347,55],{"class":54},[44,97349,97350],{"class":50}," items\n",[44,97352,97353],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,97354,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,97356,97357,97359,97361,97363],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,97358,7472],{"class":50},[44,97360,81],{"class":80},[44,97362,11043],{"class":84},[44,97364,88],{"class":80},[44,97366,97367],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,97368,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,97370,97371,97373,97375,97377],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,97372,95],{"class":94},[44,97374,98],{"class":80},[44,97376,7472],{"class":84},[44,97378,104],{"class":80},[44,97380,97381,97383,97385,97388],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,97382,95],{"class":94},[44,97384,98],{"class":80},[44,97386,97387],{"class":84},"other_name",[44,97389,104],{"class":80},[20,97391,107],{},[35,97393,97395],{"className":37,"code":97394,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97396,97397,97403],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97398,97399,97401],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97400,5952],{"class":1461},[44,97402,88],{"class":80},[44,97404,97405,97407],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,97406,5952],{"class":1461},[44,97408,88],{"class":80},[20,97410,97411,97412,81],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[830,97413,97414],{},"same set object",[267,97416,675,97418],{"id":97417},"using-set",[15,97419,3458],{},[35,97421,97423],{"className":37,"code":97422,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97424,97425,97445,97453,97457,97467,97471,97481],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97426,97427,97429,97431,97433,97435,97437,97439,97441,97443],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97428,7441],{"class":50},[44,97430,55],{"class":54},[44,97432,10151],{"class":80},[44,97434,2643],{"class":1675},[44,97436,2646],{"class":80},[44,97438,2649],{"class":1675},[44,97440,2646],{"class":80},[44,97442,2104],{"class":1675},[44,97444,8969],{"class":80},[44,97446,97447,97449,97451],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,97448,97345],{"class":50},[44,97450,55],{"class":54},[44,97452,97350],{"class":50},[44,97454,97455],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,97456,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,97458,97459,97461,97463,97465],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,97460,7441],{"class":50},[44,97462,55],{"class":54},[44,97464,15297],{"class":1461},[44,97466,88],{"class":80},[44,97468,97469],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,97470,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,97472,97473,97475,97477,97479],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,97474,95],{"class":94},[44,97476,98],{"class":80},[44,97478,7472],{"class":84},[44,97480,104],{"class":80},[44,97482,97483,97485,97487,97489],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,97484,95],{"class":94},[44,97486,98],{"class":80},[44,97488,97387],{"class":84},[44,97490,104],{"class":80},[20,97492,107],{},[35,97494,97496],{"className":37,"code":97495,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97497,97498,97504],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97499,97500,97502],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97501,5952],{"class":1461},[44,97503,88],{"class":80},[44,97505,97506,97508,97510,97512,97514,97516,97518],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,97507,8938],{"class":80},[44,97509,2643],{"class":1675},[44,97511,2646],{"class":80},[44,97513,2649],{"class":1675},[44,97515,2646],{"class":80},[44,97517,2104],{"class":1675},[44,97519,8969],{"class":80},[20,97521,20438,97522,92754,97525,97528,97529,81,97531,97533,97534,97536],{},[15,97523,97524],{},"items = set()",[830,97526,97527],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97530,7472],{},[9506,97532],{},"\nBut ",[15,97535,97387],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97538,97539],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97541,97542,97543,81],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[243,97544,95994],{"href":97545},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[30,97547,17084],{"id":17083},[20,97549,97550,828,97552,97554],{},[15,97551,10982],{},[830,97553,832],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97556,4810,97557,81],{},[15,97558,3439],{},[35,97560,97562],{"className":37,"code":97561,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97563,97564,97584,97588,97602,97606,97616],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97565,97566,97568,97570,97572,97574,97576,97578,97580,97582],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97567,3276],{"class":50},[44,97569,55],{"class":54},[44,97571,10151],{"class":80},[44,97573,2643],{"class":1675},[44,97575,2646],{"class":80},[44,97577,2649],{"class":1675},[44,97579,2646],{"class":80},[44,97581,2104],{"class":1675},[44,97583,8969],{"class":80},[44,97585,97586],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,97587,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,97589,97590,97592,97594,97596,97598,97600],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,97591,1880],{"class":50},[44,97593,55],{"class":54},[44,97595,3926],{"class":50},[44,97597,81],{"class":80},[44,97599,11043],{"class":84},[44,97601,88],{"class":80},[44,97603,97604],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,97605,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,97607,97608,97610,97612,97614],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,97609,95],{"class":94},[44,97611,98],{"class":80},[44,97613,1915],{"class":84},[44,97615,104],{"class":80},[44,97617,97618,97620,97622,97624],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,97619,95],{"class":94},[44,97621,98],{"class":80},[44,97623,3308],{"class":84},[44,97625,104],{"class":80},[20,97627,107],{},[35,97629,97631],{"className":37,"code":97630,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\nset()\n",[15,97632,97633,97637],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97634,97635],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97636,11470],{"class":3513},[44,97638,97639,97641],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,97640,5952],{"class":1461},[44,97642,88],{"class":80},[20,97644,97645],{},"Do not do this:",[35,97647,97649],{"className":37,"code":97648,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97650,97651,97671,97685,97689],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97652,97653,97655,97657,97659,97661,97663,97665,97667,97669],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97654,3276],{"class":50},[44,97656,55],{"class":54},[44,97658,10151],{"class":80},[44,97660,2643],{"class":1675},[44,97662,2646],{"class":80},[44,97664,2649],{"class":1675},[44,97666,2646],{"class":80},[44,97668,2104],{"class":1675},[44,97670,8969],{"class":80},[44,97672,97673,97675,97677,97679,97681,97683],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,97674,3276],{"class":50},[44,97676,55],{"class":54},[44,97678,3926],{"class":50},[44,97680,81],{"class":80},[44,97682,11043],{"class":84},[44,97684,88],{"class":80},[44,97686,97687],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,97688,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,97690,97691,97693,97695,97697],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,97692,95],{"class":94},[44,97694,98],{"class":80},[44,97696,3308],{"class":84},[44,97698,104],{"class":80},[20,97700,107],{},[35,97702,97703],{"className":37,"code":11470,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,97704,97705],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97706,97707],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97708,11470],{"class":3513},[20,97710,21856,97711,2049,97713,97715,97716,97718,97719,81],{},[15,97712,54221],{},[15,97714,3439],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,97717,3439],{}," back to ",[15,97720,3308],{},[30,97722,4183],{"id":4182},[20,97724,10407,97725,81],{},[15,97726,97062],{},[267,97728,12257,97730],{"id":97729},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,97731,10982],{},[20,97733,16308],{},[35,97735,97737],{"className":37,"code":97736,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97738,97739,97759,97773],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97740,97741,97743,97745,97747,97749,97751,97753,97755,97757],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97742,15292],{"class":50},[44,97744,55],{"class":54},[44,97746,10151],{"class":80},[44,97748,2643],{"class":1675},[44,97750,2646],{"class":80},[44,97752,2649],{"class":1675},[44,97754,2646],{"class":80},[44,97756,2104],{"class":1675},[44,97758,8969],{"class":80},[44,97760,97761,97763,97765,97767,97769,97771],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,97762,15292],{"class":50},[44,97764,55],{"class":54},[44,97766,96586],{"class":50},[44,97768,81],{"class":80},[44,97770,11043],{"class":84},[44,97772,88],{"class":80},[44,97774,97775,97777,97779,97781],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,97776,95],{"class":94},[44,97778,98],{"class":80},[44,97780,15330],{"class":84},[44,97782,104],{"class":80},[20,97784,107],{},[35,97786,97787],{"className":37,"code":11470,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,97788,97789],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97790,97791],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97792,11470],{"class":3513},[20,97794,16320],{},[35,97796,97798],{"className":37,"code":97797,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97799,97800,97820,97830],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97801,97802,97804,97806,97808,97810,97812,97814,97816,97818],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97803,15292],{"class":50},[44,97805,55],{"class":54},[44,97807,10151],{"class":80},[44,97809,2643],{"class":1675},[44,97811,2646],{"class":80},[44,97813,2649],{"class":1675},[44,97815,2646],{"class":80},[44,97817,2104],{"class":1675},[44,97819,8969],{"class":80},[44,97821,97822,97824,97826,97828],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,97823,15330],{"class":50},[44,97825,81],{"class":80},[44,97827,11043],{"class":84},[44,97829,88],{"class":80},[44,97831,97832,97834,97836,97838],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,97833,95],{"class":94},[44,97835,98],{"class":80},[44,97837,15330],{"class":84},[44,97839,104],{"class":80},[20,97841,107],{},[35,97843,97844],{"className":37,"code":97120,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,97845,97846],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97847,97848,97850],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97849,5952],{"class":1461},[44,97851,88],{"class":80},[267,97853,1246,97855,97857],{"id":97854},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,97856,10982],{}," to remove only one item",[20,97859,97860,97862,97863,97865],{},[15,97861,10982],{}," removes ",[830,97864,3376],{}," items from the set.",[20,97867,97868,97869,2532,97874,81],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[243,97870,97872],{"href":97871},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,97873,55190],{},[243,97875,97877],{"href":97876},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,97878,12425],{},[267,97880,675,97882,97884],{"id":97881},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,97883,3453],{}," for an empty set",[20,97886,25358],{},[35,97888,97890],{"className":37,"code":97889,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,97891,97892,97901],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97893,97894,97897,97899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97895,97896],{"class":50},"empty_value ",[44,97898,55],{"class":54},[44,97900,9498],{"class":80},[44,97902,97903,97905,97907,97909,97911,97914],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,97904,95],{"class":94},[44,97906,98],{"class":80},[44,97908,2880],{"class":1461},[44,97910,98],{"class":80},[44,97912,97913],{"class":84},"empty_value",[44,97915,370],{"class":80},[20,97917,107],{},[35,97919,97920],{"className":37,"code":8467,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,97921,97922],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97923,97924,97926,97928,97930,97932,97934],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97925,2949],{"class":54},[44,97927,2952],{"class":1717},[44,97929,2955],{"class":58},[44,97931,8480],{"class":62},[44,97933,655],{"class":58},[44,97935,2962],{"class":54},[20,97937,97938,8447],{},[15,97939,3453],{},[20,97941,97942],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[35,97944,97946],{"className":37,"code":97945,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,97947,97948,97959],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97949,97950,97953,97955,97957],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97951,97952],{"class":50},"empty_set ",[44,97954,55],{"class":54},[44,97956,15297],{"class":1461},[44,97958,88],{"class":80},[44,97960,97961,97963,97965,97967,97969,97972],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,97962,95],{"class":94},[44,97964,98],{"class":80},[44,97966,2880],{"class":1461},[44,97968,98],{"class":80},[44,97970,97971],{"class":84},"empty_set",[44,97973,370],{"class":80},[20,97975,107],{},[35,97977,97978],{"className":37,"code":8511,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,97979,97980],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97981,97982,97984,97986,97988,97990,97992],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97983,2949],{"class":54},[44,97985,2952],{"class":1717},[44,97987,2955],{"class":58},[44,97989,5952],{"class":62},[44,97991,655],{"class":58},[44,97993,2962],{"class":54},[267,97995,97997],{"id":97996},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[35,97999,98001],{"className":37,"code":98000,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98002,98003,98027,98035,98039,98049,98053,98063],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98004,98005,98007,98009,98011,98013,98015,98017,98019,98021,98023,98025],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98006,2208],{"class":50},[44,98008,55],{"class":54},[44,98010,10151],{"class":80},[44,98012,362],{"class":58},[44,98014,1110],{"class":62},[44,98016,362],{"class":58},[44,98018,2646],{"class":80},[44,98020,59],{"class":58},[44,98022,11407],{"class":62},[44,98024,362],{"class":58},[44,98026,8969],{"class":80},[44,98028,98029,98031,98033],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,98030,2236],{"class":50},[44,98032,55],{"class":54},[44,98034,35840],{"class":50},[44,98036,98037],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,98038,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,98040,98041,98043,98045,98047],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,98042,243],{"class":50},[44,98044,81],{"class":80},[44,98046,11043],{"class":84},[44,98048,88],{"class":80},[44,98050,98051],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,98052,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,98054,98055,98057,98059,98061],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,98056,95],{"class":94},[44,98058,98],{"class":80},[44,98060,243],{"class":84},[44,98062,104],{"class":80},[44,98064,98065,98067,98069,98071],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,98066,95],{"class":94},[44,98068,98],{"class":80},[44,98070,842],{"class":84},[44,98072,104],{"class":80},[20,98074,107],{},[35,98076,98077],{"className":37,"code":97394,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98078,98079,98085],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98080,98081,98083],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98082,5952],{"class":1461},[44,98084,88],{"class":80},[44,98086,98087,98089],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,98088,5952],{"class":1461},[44,98090,88],{"class":80},[20,98092,28729,98093,4057,98095,98097],{},[15,98094,243],{},[15,98096,842],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[30,98099,1478],{"id":1477},[267,98101,1504,98103,4807],{"id":98102},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98104,97062],{},[20,98106,4810,98107,98109],{},[15,98108,3439],{},". It empties the set in place.",[267,98111,1482,98113,98115],{"id":98112},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98114,10982],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98117,98118],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[267,98120,98122],{"id":98121},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98124,98125,98126,98128,98129,81],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98127,10982],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98130,3458],{},[267,98132,4842,98134,4057,98136,1520],{"id":98133},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98135,10982],{},[15,98137,3458],{},[20,98139,98140,98142,98143,98145],{},[15,98141,10982],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98144,3458],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[30,98147,1545],{"id":1544},[139,98149,98150,98154,98158,98165,98171,98177],{},[142,98151,98152],{},[243,98153,95990],{"href":97161},[142,98155,98156],{},[243,98157,97000],{"href":97545},[142,98159,98160],{},[243,98161,96476,98163,1555],{"href":98162},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98164,95865],{},[142,98166,98167],{},[243,98168,96476,98169,1555],{"href":97871},[15,98170,55190],{},[142,98172,98173],{},[243,98174,96476,98175,1555],{"href":97876},[15,98176,12425],{},[142,98178,98179],{},[243,98180,96476,98182,1555],{"href":98181},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98183,14617],{},[1577,98185,98186],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":98188},[98189,98191,98192,98193,98200,98201,98210,98219],{"id":97136,"depth":69,"text":98190},"What set.clear() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":11135,"depth":69,"text":11136},{"id":97300,"depth":69,"text":98194,"children":98195},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98196,98198],{"id":97313,"depth":91,"text":98197},"Using clear()",{"id":97417,"depth":91,"text":98199},"Using set()",{"id":17083,"depth":69,"text":17084},{"id":4182,"depth":69,"text":4183,"children":98202},[98203,98205,98207,98209],{"id":97729,"depth":91,"text":98204},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":97854,"depth":91,"text":98206},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":97881,"depth":91,"text":98208},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":97996,"depth":91,"text":97997},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":98211},[98212,98214,98216,98217],{"id":98102,"depth":91,"text":98213},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98112,"depth":91,"text":98215},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98121,"depth":91,"text":98122},{"id":98133,"depth":91,"text":98218},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97050,"description":98220},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98227,"title":98228,"body":98229,"description":100061,"extension":1611,"meta":100062,"navigation":184,"path":95993,"seo":100063,"stem":100064,"__hash__":100065},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98230,"toc":100018},[98231,98234,98237,98240,98242,98345,98349,98396,98402,98404,98423,98427,98430,98432,98446,98455,98459,98462,98497,98501,98521,98524,98528,98531,98592,98596,98621,98628,98634,98639,98641,98653,98657,98706,98710,98734,98741,98745,98786,98790,98811,98815,98848,98852,98893,98896,98900,98905,98944,98948,98973,98978,98984,99021,99025,99048,99052,99054,99057,99060,99137,99141,99178,99181,99185,99191,99194,99204,99253,99259,99265,99292,99295,99317,99319,99350,99353,99357,99361,99400,99404,99467,99470,99503,99507,99532,99534,99537,99543,99546,99573,99576,99594,99598,99602,99605,99648,99651,99655,99658,99661,99691,99694,99698,99701,99716,99721,99725,99728,99817,99819,99822,99912,99915,99933,99935,99939,99949,99953,99961,99965,99968,99972,99975,99979,99982,99984,100012,100015],[10,98232,98228],{"id":98233},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98235,98236],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98238,98239],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[30,98241,33],{"id":32},[35,98243,98245],{"className":37,"code":98244,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98246,98247,98267,98301,98311,98315,98325,98335],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98248,98249,98251,98253,98255,98257,98259,98261,98263,98265],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98250,3276],{"class":50},[44,98252,55],{"class":54},[44,98254,10151],{"class":80},[44,98256,2643],{"class":1675},[44,98258,2646],{"class":80},[44,98260,2649],{"class":1675},[44,98262,2646],{"class":80},[44,98264,2104],{"class":1675},[44,98266,8969],{"class":80},[44,98268,98269,98271,98273,98275,98277,98279,98281,98283,98285,98287,98289,98291,98293,98295,98297,98299],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,98270,3732],{"class":50},[44,98272,55],{"class":54},[44,98274,15297],{"class":1461},[44,98276,2640],{"class":80},[44,98278,362],{"class":58},[44,98280,3741],{"class":62},[44,98282,362],{"class":58},[44,98284,2646],{"class":80},[44,98286,59],{"class":58},[44,98288,3750],{"class":62},[44,98290,362],{"class":58},[44,98292,2646],{"class":80},[44,98294,59],{"class":58},[44,98296,3741],{"class":62},[44,98298,362],{"class":58},[44,98300,3549],{"class":80},[44,98302,98303,98305,98307,98309],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,98304,97952],{"class":50},[44,98306,55],{"class":54},[44,98308,15297],{"class":1461},[44,98310,88],{"class":80},[44,98312,98313],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,98314,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,98316,98317,98319,98321,98323],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,98318,95],{"class":94},[44,98320,98],{"class":80},[44,98322,3308],{"class":84},[44,98324,104],{"class":80},[44,98326,98327,98329,98331,98333],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,98328,95],{"class":94},[44,98330,98],{"class":80},[44,98332,3776],{"class":84},[44,98334,104],{"class":80},[44,98336,98337,98339,98341,98343],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,98338,95],{"class":94},[44,98340,98],{"class":80},[44,98342,97971],{"class":84},[44,98344,104],{"class":80},[20,98346,98347],{},[830,98348,107],{},[35,98350,98352],{"className":37,"code":98351,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98353,98354,98370,98390],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98355,98356,98358,98360,98362,98364,98366,98368],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98357,8938],{"class":80},[44,98359,2643],{"class":1675},[44,98361,2646],{"class":80},[44,98363,2649],{"class":1675},[44,98365,2646],{"class":80},[44,98367,2104],{"class":1675},[44,98369,8969],{"class":80},[44,98371,98372,98374,98376,98378,98380,98382,98384,98386,98388],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,98373,8938],{"class":80},[44,98375,655],{"class":58},[44,98377,3750],{"class":62},[44,98379,655],{"class":58},[44,98381,2646],{"class":80},[44,98383,2955],{"class":58},[44,98385,3741],{"class":62},[44,98387,655],{"class":58},[44,98389,8969],{"class":80},[44,98391,98392,98394],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,98393,5952],{"class":1461},[44,98395,88],{"class":80},[20,98397,98398,98399,98401],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98400,3458],{}," for an empty set.",[30,98403,14826],{"id":14825},[139,98405,98406,98409,98414,98417,98420],{},[142,98407,98408],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[142,98410,98411,98412],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98413,3458],{},[142,98415,98416],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[142,98418,98419],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[142,98421,98422],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[30,98424,98426],{"id":98425},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98428,98429],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98431,30208],{},[139,98433,98434,98437,98440,98443],{},[142,98435,98436],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[142,98438,98439],{},"Sets are unordered",[142,98441,98442],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[142,98444,98445],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98447,98448,98449,2532,98451,81],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[243,98450,95990],{"href":97161},[243,98452,98454],{"href":98453},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[30,98456,98458],{"id":98457},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98460,98461],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[35,98463,98465],{"className":37,"code":98464,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98466,98467,98487],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98468,98469,98471,98473,98475,98477,98479,98481,98483,98485],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98470,3276],{"class":50},[44,98472,55],{"class":54},[44,98474,10151],{"class":80},[44,98476,2643],{"class":1675},[44,98478,2646],{"class":80},[44,98480,2649],{"class":1675},[44,98482,2646],{"class":80},[44,98484,2104],{"class":1675},[44,98486,8969],{"class":80},[44,98488,98489,98491,98493,98495],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,98490,95],{"class":94},[44,98492,98],{"class":80},[44,98494,3308],{"class":84},[44,98496,104],{"class":80},[20,98498,98499],{},[830,98500,29697],{},[35,98502,98503],{"className":37,"code":96269,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98504,98505],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98506,98507,98509,98511,98513,98515,98517,98519],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98508,8938],{"class":80},[44,98510,2643],{"class":1675},[44,98512,2646],{"class":80},[44,98514,2649],{"class":1675},[44,98516,2646],{"class":80},[44,98518,2104],{"class":1675},[44,98520,8969],{"class":80},[20,98522,98523],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[267,98525,98527],{"id":98526},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98529,98530],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[35,98532,98534],{"className":37,"code":98533,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98535,98536,98568,98578],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98537,98538,98540,98542,98544,98546,98548,98550,98552,98554,98556,98558,98560,98562,98564,98566],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98539,3276],{"class":50},[44,98541,55],{"class":54},[44,98543,10151],{"class":80},[44,98545,2643],{"class":1675},[44,98547,2646],{"class":80},[44,98549,2649],{"class":1675},[44,98551,2646],{"class":80},[44,98553,2649],{"class":1675},[44,98555,2646],{"class":80},[44,98557,2104],{"class":1675},[44,98559,2646],{"class":80},[44,98561,2104],{"class":1675},[44,98563,2646],{"class":80},[44,98565,2104],{"class":1675},[44,98567,8969],{"class":80},[44,98569,98570,98572,98574,98576],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,98571,95],{"class":94},[44,98573,98],{"class":80},[44,98575,3308],{"class":84},[44,98577,104],{"class":80},[44,98579,98580,98582,98584,98586,98588,98590],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,98581,95],{"class":94},[44,98583,98],{"class":80},[44,98585,10822],{"class":94},[44,98587,98],{"class":80},[44,98589,3308],{"class":84},[44,98591,370],{"class":80},[20,98593,98594],{},[830,98595,29697],{},[35,98597,98599],{"className":37,"code":98598,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98600,98601,98617],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98602,98603,98605,98607,98609,98611,98613,98615],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98604,8938],{"class":80},[44,98606,2643],{"class":1675},[44,98608,2646],{"class":80},[44,98610,2649],{"class":1675},[44,98612,2646],{"class":80},[44,98614,2104],{"class":1675},[44,98616,8969],{"class":80},[44,98618,98619],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,98620,46279],{"class":1675},[20,98622,20645,98623,4057,98625,98627],{},[15,98624,1708],{},[15,98626,1714],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[30,98629,98631,98632],{"id":98630},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98633,3458],{},[20,98635,119,98636,98638],{},[15,98637,3458],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98640,5121],{},[139,98642,98643,98645,98647,98649],{},[142,98644,96749],{},[142,98646,96045],{},[142,98648,56126],{},[142,98650,98651],{},[15,98652,35863],{},[267,98654,98656],{"id":98655},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[35,98658,98660],{"className":37,"code":98659,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98661,98662,98696],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98663,98664,98666,98668,98670,98672,98674,98676,98678,98680,98682,98684,98686,98688,98690,98692,98694],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98665,3276],{"class":50},[44,98667,55],{"class":54},[44,98669,15297],{"class":1461},[44,98671,2640],{"class":80},[44,98673,2643],{"class":1675},[44,98675,2646],{"class":80},[44,98677,2649],{"class":1675},[44,98679,2646],{"class":80},[44,98681,2649],{"class":1675},[44,98683,2646],{"class":80},[44,98685,2104],{"class":1675},[44,98687,2646],{"class":80},[44,98689,2104],{"class":1675},[44,98691,2646],{"class":80},[44,98693,2110],{"class":1675},[44,98695,3549],{"class":80},[44,98697,98698,98700,98702,98704],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,98699,95],{"class":94},[44,98701,98],{"class":80},[44,98703,3308],{"class":84},[44,98705,104],{"class":80},[20,98707,98708],{},[830,98709,29697],{},[35,98711,98712],{"className":37,"code":95932,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98713,98714],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98715,98716,98718,98720,98722,98724,98726,98728,98730,98732],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98717,8938],{"class":80},[44,98719,2643],{"class":1675},[44,98721,2646],{"class":80},[44,98723,2649],{"class":1675},[44,98725,2646],{"class":80},[44,98727,2104],{"class":1675},[44,98729,2646],{"class":80},[44,98731,2110],{"class":1675},[44,98733,8969],{"class":80},[20,98735,98736,98737,81],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[243,98738,98740],{"href":98739},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[267,98742,98744],{"id":98743},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[35,98746,98748],{"className":37,"code":98747,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,98749,98750,98776],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98751,98752,98754,98756,98758,98760,98762,98764,98766,98768,98770,98772,98774],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98753,3484],{"class":50},[44,98755,55],{"class":54},[44,98757,15297],{"class":1461},[44,98759,5175],{"class":80},[44,98761,1982],{"class":1675},[44,98763,2646],{"class":80},[44,98765,7452],{"class":1675},[44,98767,2646],{"class":80},[44,98769,7452],{"class":1675},[44,98771,2646],{"class":80},[44,98773,7457],{"class":1675},[44,98775,370],{"class":80},[44,98777,98778,98780,98782,98784],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,98779,95],{"class":94},[44,98781,98],{"class":80},[44,98783,5022],{"class":84},[44,98785,104],{"class":80},[20,98787,98788],{},[830,98789,29697],{},[35,98791,98793],{"className":37,"code":98792,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,98794,98795],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98796,98797,98799,98801,98803,98805,98807,98809],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98798,8938],{"class":80},[44,98800,1982],{"class":1675},[44,98802,2646],{"class":80},[44,98804,7452],{"class":1675},[44,98806,2646],{"class":80},[44,98808,7457],{"class":1675},[44,98810,8969],{"class":80},[267,98812,98814],{"id":98813},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[35,98816,98818],{"className":37,"code":98817,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,98819,98820,98838],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98821,98822,98824,98826,98828,98830,98832,98834,98836],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98823,35755],{"class":50},[44,98825,55],{"class":54},[44,98827,15297],{"class":1461},[44,98829,98],{"class":80},[44,98831,362],{"class":58},[44,98833,986],{"class":62},[44,98835,362],{"class":58},[44,98837,104],{"class":80},[44,98839,98840,98842,98844,98846],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,98841,95],{"class":94},[44,98843,98],{"class":80},[44,98845,35808],{"class":84},[44,98847,104],{"class":80},[20,98849,98850],{},[830,98851,29697],{},[35,98853,98855],{"className":37,"code":98854,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,98856,98857],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98858,98859,98861,98863,98865,98867,98869,98871,98873,98875,98877,98879,98881,98883,98885,98887,98889,98891],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98860,8938],{"class":80},[44,98862,655],{"class":58},[44,98864,60101],{"class":62},[44,98866,655],{"class":58},[44,98868,2646],{"class":80},[44,98870,2955],{"class":58},[44,98872,60110],{"class":62},[44,98874,655],{"class":58},[44,98876,2646],{"class":80},[44,98878,2955],{"class":58},[44,98880,60119],{"class":62},[44,98882,655],{"class":58},[44,98884,2646],{"class":80},[44,98886,2955],{"class":58},[44,98888,60136],{"class":62},[44,98890,655],{"class":58},[44,98892,8969],{"class":80},[20,98894,98895],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[30,98897,98899],{"id":98898},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,98901,98902,98903,81],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,98904,3458],{},[35,98906,98908],{"className":37,"code":98907,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98909,98910,98920,98930],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98911,98912,98914,98916,98918],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98913,97952],{"class":50},[44,98915,55],{"class":54},[44,98917,15297],{"class":1461},[44,98919,88],{"class":80},[44,98921,98922,98924,98926,98928],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,98923,95],{"class":94},[44,98925,98],{"class":80},[44,98927,97971],{"class":84},[44,98929,104],{"class":80},[44,98931,98932,98934,98936,98938,98940,98942],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,98933,95],{"class":94},[44,98935,98],{"class":80},[44,98937,2880],{"class":1461},[44,98939,98],{"class":80},[44,98941,97971],{"class":84},[44,98943,370],{"class":80},[20,98945,98946],{},[830,98947,107],{},[35,98949,98951],{"className":37,"code":98950,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,98952,98953,98959],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98954,98955,98957],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98956,5952],{"class":1461},[44,98958,88],{"class":80},[44,98960,98961,98963,98965,98967,98969,98971],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,98962,2949],{"class":54},[44,98964,2952],{"class":1717},[44,98966,2955],{"class":58},[44,98968,5952],{"class":62},[44,98970,655],{"class":58},[44,98972,2962],{"class":54},[267,98974,44091,98976],{"id":98975},"do-not-use",[15,98977,3453],{},[20,98979,98980,98981,98983],{},"Empty braces do ",[830,98982,832],{}," create a set.",[35,98985,98987],{"className":37,"code":98986,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98988,98989,98997,99007],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98990,98991,98993,98995],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98992,97896],{"class":50},[44,98994,55],{"class":54},[44,98996,9498],{"class":80},[44,98998,98999,99001,99003,99005],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,99000,95],{"class":94},[44,99002,98],{"class":80},[44,99004,97913],{"class":84},[44,99006,104],{"class":80},[44,99008,99009,99011,99013,99015,99017,99019],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,99010,95],{"class":94},[44,99012,98],{"class":80},[44,99014,2880],{"class":1461},[44,99016,98],{"class":80},[44,99018,97913],{"class":84},[44,99020,370],{"class":80},[20,99022,99023],{},[830,99024,107],{},[35,99026,99028],{"className":37,"code":99027,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99029,99030,99034],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99031,99032],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99033,9095],{"class":80},[44,99035,99036,99038,99040,99042,99044,99046],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,99037,2949],{"class":54},[44,99039,2952],{"class":1717},[44,99041,2955],{"class":58},[44,99043,8480],{"class":62},[44,99045,655],{"class":58},[44,99047,2962],{"class":54},[20,99049,99050,8447],{},[15,99051,3453],{},[30,99053,71932],{"id":71931},[20,99055,99056],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99058,99059],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[35,99061,99063],{"className":37,"code":99062,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99064,99065,99113,99123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99066,99067,99069,99071,99073,99075,99077,99079,99081,99083,99085,99087,99089,99091,99093,99095,99097,99099,99101,99103,99105,99107,99109,99111],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99068,3732],{"class":50},[44,99070,55],{"class":54},[44,99072,10151],{"class":80},[44,99074,362],{"class":58},[44,99076,3741],{"class":62},[44,99078,362],{"class":58},[44,99080,2646],{"class":80},[44,99082,59],{"class":58},[44,99084,3750],{"class":62},[44,99086,362],{"class":58},[44,99088,2646],{"class":80},[44,99090,59],{"class":58},[44,99092,3741],{"class":62},[44,99094,362],{"class":58},[44,99096,2646],{"class":80},[44,99098,59],{"class":58},[44,99100,3741],{"class":62},[44,99102,362],{"class":58},[44,99104,2646],{"class":80},[44,99106,59],{"class":58},[44,99108,32887],{"class":62},[44,99110,362],{"class":58},[44,99112,8969],{"class":80},[44,99114,99115,99117,99119,99121],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,99116,95],{"class":94},[44,99118,98],{"class":80},[44,99120,3776],{"class":84},[44,99122,104],{"class":80},[44,99124,99125,99127,99129,99131,99133,99135],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,99126,95],{"class":94},[44,99128,98],{"class":80},[44,99130,10822],{"class":94},[44,99132,98],{"class":80},[44,99134,3776],{"class":84},[44,99136,370],{"class":80},[20,99138,99139],{},[830,99140,29697],{},[35,99142,99144],{"className":37,"code":99143,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99145,99146,99174],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99147,99148,99150,99152,99154,99156,99158,99160,99162,99164,99166,99168,99170,99172],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99149,8938],{"class":80},[44,99151,655],{"class":58},[44,99153,3750],{"class":62},[44,99155,655],{"class":58},[44,99157,2646],{"class":80},[44,99159,2955],{"class":58},[44,99161,32887],{"class":62},[44,99163,655],{"class":58},[44,99165,2646],{"class":80},[44,99167,2955],{"class":58},[44,99169,3741],{"class":62},[44,99171,655],{"class":58},[44,99173,8969],{"class":80},[44,99175,99176],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,99177,46279],{"class":1675},[20,99179,99180],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[30,99182,99184],{"id":99183},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99186,99187,99188,99190],{},"Set items must be ",[830,99189,96033],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99192,99193],{},"These usually work:",[139,99195,99196,99198,99200,99202],{},[142,99197,56123],{},[142,99199,56126],{},[142,99201,96045],{},[142,99203,40262],{},[35,99205,99207],{"className":37,"code":99206,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99208,99209,99243],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99210,99211,99213,99215,99217,99219,99221,99223,99225,99227,99229,99231,99233,99235,99237,99239,99241],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99212,3484],{"class":50},[44,99214,55],{"class":54},[44,99216,10151],{"class":80},[44,99218,2643],{"class":1675},[44,99220,2646],{"class":80},[44,99222,59],{"class":58},[44,99224,3741],{"class":62},[44,99226,362],{"class":58},[44,99228,2646],{"class":80},[44,99230,8896],{"class":80},[44,99232,1982],{"class":1675},[44,99234,2646],{"class":80},[44,99236,7452],{"class":1675},[44,99238,8893],{"class":80},[44,99240,3577],{"class":3513},[44,99242,8969],{"class":80},[44,99244,99245,99247,99249,99251],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,99246,95],{"class":94},[44,99248,98],{"class":80},[44,99250,5022],{"class":84},[44,99252,104],{"class":80},[20,99254,99255,99256,99258],{},"These do ",[830,99257,832],{}," work directly:",[139,99260,99261,99263],{},[142,99262,96749],{},[142,99264,96752],{},[35,99266,99268],{"className":37,"code":99267,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99269,99270],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99271,99272,99275,99277,99280,99282,99284,99286,99288,99290],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99273,99274],{"class":50},"bad_set ",[44,99276,55],{"class":54},[44,99278,99279],{"class":80}," {[",[44,99281,2643],{"class":1675},[44,99283,2646],{"class":80},[44,99285,2649],{"class":1675},[44,99287,2646],{"class":80},[44,99289,2104],{"class":1675},[44,99291,13369],{"class":80},[20,99293,99294],{},"This raises an error:",[35,99296,99297],{"className":37,"code":96808,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,99298,99299],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99300,99301,99303,99305,99307,99309,99311,99313,99315],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99302,2662],{"class":1461},[44,99304,2539],{"class":80},[44,99306,96819],{"class":50},[44,99308,2880],{"class":1461},[44,99310,2539],{"class":80},[44,99312,2955],{"class":58},[44,99314,7754],{"class":62},[44,99316,664],{"class":58},[20,99318,767],{},[35,99320,99322],{"className":37,"code":99321,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99323,99324],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99325,99326,99328,99330,99333,99335,99337,99339,99341,99343,99345,99347],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99327,99274],{"class":50},[44,99329,55],{"class":54},[44,99331,99332],{"class":80}," {{",[44,99334,362],{"class":58},[44,99336,302],{"class":62},[44,99338,362],{"class":58},[44,99340,2539],{"class":80},[44,99342,59],{"class":58},[44,99344,7338],{"class":62},[44,99346,362],{"class":58},[44,99348,99349],{"class":80},"}}\n",[20,99351,99352],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[30,99354,99356],{"id":99355},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[267,99358,99360],{"id":99359},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[35,99362,99364],{"className":37,"code":99363,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99365,99366,99390],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99367,99368,99370,99372,99374,99376,99378,99380,99382,99384,99386,99388],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99369,3276],{"class":50},[44,99371,55],{"class":54},[44,99373,10151],{"class":80},[44,99375,2643],{"class":1675},[44,99377,2646],{"class":80},[44,99379,2649],{"class":1675},[44,99381,2646],{"class":80},[44,99383,2104],{"class":1675},[44,99385,2646],{"class":80},[44,99387,2110],{"class":1675},[44,99389,8969],{"class":80},[44,99391,99392,99394,99396,99398],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,99393,95],{"class":94},[44,99395,98],{"class":80},[44,99397,3308],{"class":84},[44,99399,104],{"class":80},[267,99401,99403],{"id":99402},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[35,99405,99407],{"className":37,"code":99406,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99408,99409,99437,99452,99456],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99410,99411,99413,99415,99417,99419,99421,99423,99425,99427,99429,99431,99433,99435],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99412,7441],{"class":50},[44,99414,55],{"class":54},[44,99416,3281],{"class":80},[44,99418,2643],{"class":1675},[44,99420,2646],{"class":80},[44,99422,5162],{"class":1675},[44,99424,2646],{"class":80},[44,99426,2649],{"class":1675},[44,99428,2646],{"class":80},[44,99430,2104],{"class":1675},[44,99432,2646],{"class":80},[44,99434,2104],{"class":1675},[44,99436,3294],{"class":80},[44,99438,99439,99442,99444,99446,99448,99450],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,99440,99441],{"class":50},"unique_items ",[44,99443,55],{"class":54},[44,99445,15297],{"class":1461},[44,99447,98],{"class":80},[44,99449,7472],{"class":84},[44,99451,104],{"class":80},[44,99453,99454],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,99455,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,99457,99458,99460,99462,99465],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,99459,95],{"class":94},[44,99461,98],{"class":80},[44,99463,99464],{"class":84},"unique_items",[44,99466,104],{"class":80},[267,99468,98814],{"id":99469},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[35,99471,99473],{"className":37,"code":99472,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99474,99475,99493],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99476,99477,99479,99481,99483,99485,99487,99489,99491],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99478,35755],{"class":50},[44,99480,55],{"class":54},[44,99482,15297],{"class":1461},[44,99484,98],{"class":80},[44,99486,362],{"class":58},[44,99488,3750],{"class":62},[44,99490,362],{"class":58},[44,99492,104],{"class":80},[44,99494,99495,99497,99499,99501],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,99496,95],{"class":94},[44,99498,98],{"class":80},[44,99500,35808],{"class":84},[44,99502,104],{"class":80},[267,99504,99506],{"id":99505},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[35,99508,99510],{"className":37,"code":99509,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99511,99512,99522],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99513,99514,99516,99518,99520],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99515,97952],{"class":50},[44,99517,55],{"class":54},[44,99519,15297],{"class":1461},[44,99521,88],{"class":80},[44,99523,99524,99526,99528,99530],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,99525,95],{"class":94},[44,99527,98],{"class":80},[44,99529,97971],{"class":84},[44,99531,104],{"class":80},[30,99533,1238],{"id":1237},[20,99535,99536],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[267,99538,675,99540,99542],{"id":99539},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99541,3453],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99544,99545],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[35,99547,99549],{"className":37,"code":99548,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99550,99551,99559],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99552,99553,99555,99557],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99554,2099],{"class":50},[44,99556,55],{"class":54},[44,99558,9498],{"class":80},[44,99560,99561,99563,99565,99567,99569,99571],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,99562,95],{"class":94},[44,99564,98],{"class":80},[44,99566,2880],{"class":1461},[44,99568,98],{"class":80},[44,99570,2126],{"class":84},[44,99572,370],{"class":80},[20,99574,99575],{},"This prints:",[35,99577,99578],{"className":37,"code":8467,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,99579,99580],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99581,99582,99584,99586,99588,99590,99592],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99583,2949],{"class":54},[44,99585,2952],{"class":1717},[44,99587,2955],{"class":58},[44,99589,8480],{"class":62},[44,99591,655],{"class":58},[44,99593,2962],{"class":54},[20,99595,119,99596,860],{},[15,99597,3458],{},[267,99599,99601],{"id":99600},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99603,99604],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[35,99606,99608],{"className":37,"code":99607,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99609,99610,99638],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99611,99612,99614,99616,99618,99620,99622,99624,99626,99628,99630,99632,99634,99636],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99613,3276],{"class":50},[44,99615,55],{"class":54},[44,99617,10151],{"class":80},[44,99619,2643],{"class":1675},[44,99621,2646],{"class":80},[44,99623,5162],{"class":1675},[44,99625,2646],{"class":80},[44,99627,2649],{"class":1675},[44,99629,2646],{"class":80},[44,99631,2649],{"class":1675},[44,99633,2646],{"class":80},[44,99635,2104],{"class":1675},[44,99637,8969],{"class":80},[44,99639,99640,99642,99644,99646],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,99641,95],{"class":94},[44,99643,98],{"class":80},[44,99645,3308],{"class":84},[44,99647,104],{"class":80},[20,99649,99650],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[267,99652,99654],{"id":99653},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,99656,99657],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,99659,99660],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[35,99662,99664],{"className":37,"code":99663,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,99665,99666,99686],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99667,99668,99670,99672,99674,99676,99678,99680,99682,99684],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99669,3276],{"class":50},[44,99671,55],{"class":54},[44,99673,10151],{"class":80},[44,99675,1982],{"class":1675},[44,99677,2646],{"class":80},[44,99679,7452],{"class":1675},[44,99681,2646],{"class":80},[44,99683,7457],{"class":1675},[44,99685,8969],{"class":80},[44,99687,99688],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,99689,99690],{"class":3324},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,99692,99693],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[267,99695,99697],{"id":99696},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,99699,99700],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[35,99702,99704],{"className":37,"code":99703,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,99705,99706,99711],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99707,99708],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99709,99710],{"class":3324},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[44,99712,99713],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,99714,99715],{"class":3324},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,99717,99718,99719,81],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,99720,2662],{},[267,99722,99724],{"id":99723},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,99726,99727],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[35,99729,99731],{"className":37,"code":99730,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,99732,99733,99753,99785,99789,99803],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99734,99735,99737,99739,99741,99743,99745,99747,99749,99751],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99736,15292],{"class":50},[44,99738,55],{"class":54},[44,99740,10151],{"class":80},[44,99742,2643],{"class":1675},[44,99744,2646],{"class":80},[44,99746,2649],{"class":1675},[44,99748,2646],{"class":80},[44,99750,2104],{"class":1675},[44,99752,8969],{"class":80},[44,99754,99755,99757,99759,99761,99763,99765,99767,99769,99771,99773,99775,99777,99779,99781,99783],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,99756,11386],{"class":50},[44,99758,55],{"class":54},[44,99760,10151],{"class":80},[44,99762,362],{"class":58},[44,99764,243],{"class":62},[44,99766,362],{"class":58},[44,99768,2539],{"class":80},[44,99770,5162],{"class":1675},[44,99772,2646],{"class":80},[44,99774,59],{"class":58},[44,99776,842],{"class":62},[44,99778,362],{"class":58},[44,99780,2539],{"class":80},[44,99782,2649],{"class":1675},[44,99784,8969],{"class":80},[44,99786,99787],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,99788,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,99790,99791,99793,99795,99797,99799,99801],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,99792,95],{"class":94},[44,99794,98],{"class":80},[44,99796,2880],{"class":1461},[44,99798,98],{"class":80},[44,99800,15330],{"class":84},[44,99802,370],{"class":80},[44,99804,99805,99807,99809,99811,99813,99815],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,99806,95],{"class":94},[44,99808,98],{"class":80},[44,99810,2880],{"class":1461},[44,99812,98],{"class":80},[44,99814,11110],{"class":84},[44,99816,370],{"class":80},[30,99818,92445],{"id":92444},[20,99820,99821],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[35,99823,99825],{"className":37,"code":99824,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,99826,99827,99853,99857,99871,99881,99895,99902],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99828,99829,99831,99833,99835,99837,99839,99841,99843,99845,99847,99849,99851],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99830,15292],{"class":50},[44,99832,55],{"class":54},[44,99834,15297],{"class":1461},[44,99836,2640],{"class":80},[44,99838,2643],{"class":1675},[44,99840,2646],{"class":80},[44,99842,2649],{"class":1675},[44,99844,2646],{"class":80},[44,99846,2649],{"class":1675},[44,99848,2646],{"class":80},[44,99850,2104],{"class":1675},[44,99852,3549],{"class":80},[44,99854,99855],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,99856,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,99858,99859,99861,99863,99865,99867,99869],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,99860,95],{"class":94},[44,99862,98],{"class":80},[44,99864,2880],{"class":1461},[44,99866,98],{"class":80},[44,99868,15330],{"class":84},[44,99870,370],{"class":80},[44,99872,99873,99875,99877,99879],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,99874,95],{"class":94},[44,99876,98],{"class":80},[44,99878,15330],{"class":84},[44,99880,104],{"class":80},[44,99882,99883,99885,99887,99889,99891,99893],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,99884,95],{"class":94},[44,99886,98],{"class":80},[44,99888,10822],{"class":94},[44,99890,98],{"class":80},[44,99892,15330],{"class":84},[44,99894,370],{"class":80},[44,99896,99897,99899],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,99898,95],{"class":94},[44,99900,99901],{"class":80},"({})\n",[44,99903,99904,99906,99908,99910],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,99905,95],{"class":94},[44,99907,98],{"class":80},[44,99909,5952],{"class":1461},[44,99911,201],{"class":80},[20,99913,99914],{},"Use these to confirm:",[139,99916,99917,99920,99923,99926],{},[142,99918,99919],{},"The object type",[142,99921,99922],{},"The actual values stored",[142,99924,99925],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[142,99927,99928,99929,4057,99931],{},"The difference between ",[15,99930,3453],{},[15,99932,3458],{},[30,99934,1478],{"id":1477},[267,99936,99938],{"id":99937},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,99940,99941,99942,99945,99946,99948],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,99943,99944],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,99947,3458],{}," with another iterable.",[267,99950,99952],{"id":99951},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,99954,119,99955,99957,99958,99960],{},[15,99956,3458],{},". Empty braces ",[15,99959,3453],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[267,99962,99964],{"id":99963},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,99966,99967],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[267,99969,99971],{"id":99970},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,99973,99974],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[267,99976,99978],{"id":99977},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,99980,99981],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[30,99983,1545],{"id":1544},[139,99985,99986,99990,99996,100002,100007],{},[142,99987,99988],{},[243,99989,95990],{"href":97161},[142,99991,99992],{},[243,99993,3234,99994,1555],{"href":98162},[15,99995,95870],{},[142,99997,99998],{},[243,99999,3234,100000,1555],{"href":98181},[15,100001,96976],{},[142,100003,100004],{},[243,100005,100006],{"href":98739},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[142,100008,100009],{},[243,100010,100011],{"href":98453},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100013,100014],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1577,100016,100017],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":100019},[100020,100021,100022,100023,100026,100032,100036,100037,100038,100044,100052,100053,100060],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":14825,"depth":69,"text":14826},{"id":98425,"depth":69,"text":98426},{"id":98457,"depth":69,"text":98458,"children":100024},[100025],{"id":98526,"depth":91,"text":98527},{"id":98630,"depth":69,"text":100027,"children":100028},"Create a set with set()",[100029,100030,100031],{"id":98655,"depth":91,"text":98656},{"id":98743,"depth":91,"text":98744},{"id":98813,"depth":91,"text":98814},{"id":98898,"depth":69,"text":98899,"children":100033},[100034],{"id":98975,"depth":91,"text":100035},"Do not use {}",{"id":71931,"depth":69,"text":71932},{"id":99183,"depth":69,"text":99184},{"id":99355,"depth":69,"text":99356,"children":100039},[100040,100041,100042,100043],{"id":99359,"depth":91,"text":99360},{"id":99402,"depth":91,"text":99403},{"id":99469,"depth":91,"text":98814},{"id":99505,"depth":91,"text":99506},{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238,"children":100045},[100046,100048,100049,100050,100051],{"id":99539,"depth":91,"text":100047},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99600,"depth":91,"text":99601},{"id":99653,"depth":91,"text":99654},{"id":99696,"depth":91,"text":99697},{"id":99723,"depth":91,"text":99724},{"id":92444,"depth":69,"text":92445},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":100054},[100055,100056,100057,100058,100059],{"id":99937,"depth":91,"text":99938},{"id":99951,"depth":91,"text":99952},{"id":99963,"depth":91,"text":99964},{"id":99970,"depth":91,"text":99971},{"id":99977,"depth":91,"text":99978},{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98228,"description":100061},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100067,"title":100068,"body":100069,"description":102500,"extension":1611,"meta":102501,"navigation":184,"path":102502,"seo":102503,"stem":102504,"__hash__":102505},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100070,"toc":102465},[100071,100077,100083,100086,100088,100165,100167,100184,100194,100196,100201,100209,100211,100227,100231,100233,100235,100238,100259,100262,100286,100292,100294,100391,100393,100410,100420,100422,100424,100432,100434,100445,100447,100538,100540,100564,100575,100577,100579,100582,100712,100714,100787,100789,100810,100813,100815,100821,100826,100829,100956,100958,100975,100978,100980,100988,100991,100995,101003,101094,101096,101133,101138,101145,101222,101224,101240,101245,101250,101252,101261,101269,101350,101352,101381,101384,101388,101399,101402,101485,101487,101508,101514,101516,101518,101522,101526,101533,101598,101600,101620,101623,101692,101694,101710,101714,101720,101732,101740,101742,101827,101829,101858,101861,101865,101870,101872,101922,101925,102006,102008,102024,102028,102031,102106,102109,102113,102116,102193,102195,102228,102234,102238,102241,102376,102378,102392,102394,102396,102402,102405,102412,102420,102426,102429,102433,102436,102438,102440,102462],[10,100072,95862,100074,18],{"id":100073},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100075,100076],{},"difference()",[20,100078,100079,100082],{},[15,100080,100081],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100084,100085],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[30,100087,33],{"id":32},[35,100089,100091],{"className":37,"code":100090,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100092,100093,100117,100137,100155],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100094,100095,100097,100099,100101,100103,100105,100107,100109,100111,100113,100115],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100096,2208],{"class":50},[44,100098,55],{"class":54},[44,100100,10151],{"class":80},[44,100102,2643],{"class":1675},[44,100104,2646],{"class":80},[44,100106,2649],{"class":1675},[44,100108,2646],{"class":80},[44,100110,2104],{"class":1675},[44,100112,2646],{"class":80},[44,100114,2110],{"class":1675},[44,100116,8969],{"class":80},[44,100118,100119,100121,100123,100125,100127,100129,100131,100133,100135],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,100120,2236],{"class":50},[44,100122,55],{"class":54},[44,100124,10151],{"class":80},[44,100126,1714],{"class":1675},[44,100128,2646],{"class":80},[44,100130,2110],{"class":1675},[44,100132,2646],{"class":80},[44,100134,4270],{"class":1675},[44,100136,8969],{"class":80},[44,100138,100139,100141,100143,100145,100147,100149,100151,100153],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,100140,1880],{"class":50},[44,100142,55],{"class":54},[44,100144,56549],{"class":50},[44,100146,81],{"class":80},[44,100148,2466],{"class":84},[44,100150,98],{"class":80},[44,100152,842],{"class":84},[44,100154,104],{"class":80},[44,100156,100157,100159,100161,100163],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,100158,95],{"class":94},[44,100160,98],{"class":80},[44,100162,1915],{"class":84},[44,100164,104],{"class":80},[20,100166,107],{},[35,100168,100170],{"className":37,"code":100169,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100171,100172],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100173,100174,100176,100178,100180,100182],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100175,8938],{"class":80},[44,100177,2643],{"class":1675},[44,100179,2646],{"class":80},[44,100181,2649],{"class":1675},[44,100183,8969],{"class":80},[20,100185,100186,100188,100189,100191,100192,81],{},[15,100187,100076],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100190,243],{}," that are not in ",[15,100193,842],{},[44579,100195],{},[30,100197,126,100199,129],{"id":100198},"what-difference-does",[15,100200,100076],{},[20,100202,1628,100203,100205,100206,100208],{},[15,100204,100076],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[830,100207,832],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100210,137],{},[139,100212,100213,100218,100221,100224],{},[142,100214,100215,100217],{},[15,100216,100076],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[142,100219,100220],{},"It creates a new set",[142,100222,100223],{},"It does not change the original set",[142,100225,100226],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100228,95986,100229,81],{},[243,100230,95990],{"href":97161},[44579,100232],{},[30,100234,250],{"id":249},[20,100236,100237],{},"Use this form:",[35,100239,100241],{"className":37,"code":100240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100242,100243],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100244,100245,100248,100250,100252,100254,100257],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100246,100247],{"class":50},"set1",[44,100249,81],{"class":80},[44,100251,2466],{"class":84},[44,100253,98],{"class":80},[44,100255,100256],{"class":84},"set2",[44,100258,104],{"class":80},[20,100260,100261],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[35,100263,100265],{"className":37,"code":100264,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100266,100267],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100268,100269,100271,100273,100275,100277,100279,100281,100284],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100270,100247],{"class":50},[44,100272,81],{"class":80},[44,100274,2466],{"class":84},[44,100276,98],{"class":80},[44,100278,100256],{"class":84},[44,100280,2646],{"class":80},[44,100282,100283],{"class":84}," set3",[44,100285,104],{"class":80},[20,100287,100288,100289,100291],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[830,100290,5017],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100293,161],{},[35,100295,100297],{"className":37,"code":100296,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100298,100299,100327,100343,100355,100359,100381],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100300,100301,100303,100305,100307,100309,100311,100313,100315,100317,100319,100321,100323,100325],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100302,2208],{"class":50},[44,100304,55],{"class":54},[44,100306,10151],{"class":80},[44,100308,2643],{"class":1675},[44,100310,2646],{"class":80},[44,100312,2649],{"class":1675},[44,100314,2646],{"class":80},[44,100316,2104],{"class":1675},[44,100318,2646],{"class":80},[44,100320,2110],{"class":1675},[44,100322,2646],{"class":80},[44,100324,4270],{"class":1675},[44,100326,8969],{"class":80},[44,100328,100329,100331,100333,100335,100337,100339,100341],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,100330,2236],{"class":50},[44,100332,55],{"class":54},[44,100334,10151],{"class":80},[44,100336,1708],{"class":1675},[44,100338,2646],{"class":80},[44,100340,2104],{"class":1675},[44,100342,8969],{"class":80},[44,100344,100345,100347,100349,100351,100353],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,100346,82849],{"class":50},[44,100348,55],{"class":54},[44,100350,10151],{"class":80},[44,100352,1789],{"class":1675},[44,100354,8969],{"class":80},[44,100356,100357],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,100358,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,100360,100361,100363,100365,100367,100369,100371,100373,100375,100377,100379],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,100362,1880],{"class":50},[44,100364,55],{"class":54},[44,100366,56549],{"class":50},[44,100368,81],{"class":80},[44,100370,2466],{"class":84},[44,100372,98],{"class":80},[44,100374,842],{"class":84},[44,100376,2646],{"class":80},[44,100378,9342],{"class":84},[44,100380,104],{"class":80},[44,100382,100383,100385,100387,100389],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,100384,95],{"class":94},[44,100386,98],{"class":80},[44,100388,1915],{"class":84},[44,100390,104],{"class":80},[20,100392,107],{},[35,100394,100396],{"className":37,"code":100395,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100397,100398],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100399,100400,100402,100404,100406,100408],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100401,8938],{"class":80},[44,100403,2643],{"class":1675},[44,100405,2646],{"class":80},[44,100407,2110],{"class":1675},[44,100409,8969],{"class":80},[20,100411,100412,100413,100415,100416,2532,100418,81],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100414,243],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100417,842],{},[15,100419,846],{},[44579,100421],{},[30,100423,17084],{"id":17083},[20,100425,100426,100428,100429,81],{},[15,100427,100076],{}," always returns a ",[830,100430,100431],{},"new set",[20,100433,43312],{},[139,100435,100436,100439,100442],{},[142,100437,100438],{},"The return value is a new set",[142,100440,100441],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[142,100443,100444],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100446,161],{},[35,100448,100450],{"className":37,"code":100449,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100451,100452,100468,100488,100492,100510,100514,100524],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100453,100454,100456,100458,100460,100462,100464,100466],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100455,2208],{"class":50},[44,100457,55],{"class":54},[44,100459,10151],{"class":80},[44,100461,2643],{"class":1675},[44,100463,2646],{"class":80},[44,100465,2649],{"class":1675},[44,100467,8969],{"class":80},[44,100469,100470,100472,100474,100476,100478,100480,100482,100484,100486],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,100471,2236],{"class":50},[44,100473,55],{"class":54},[44,100475,10151],{"class":80},[44,100477,2643],{"class":1675},[44,100479,2646],{"class":80},[44,100481,2649],{"class":1675},[44,100483,2646],{"class":80},[44,100485,2104],{"class":1675},[44,100487,8969],{"class":80},[44,100489,100490],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,100491,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,100493,100494,100496,100498,100500,100502,100504,100506,100508],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,100495,1880],{"class":50},[44,100497,55],{"class":54},[44,100499,56549],{"class":50},[44,100501,81],{"class":80},[44,100503,2466],{"class":84},[44,100505,98],{"class":80},[44,100507,842],{"class":84},[44,100509,104],{"class":80},[44,100511,100512],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,100513,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,100515,100516,100518,100520,100522],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,100517,95],{"class":94},[44,100519,98],{"class":80},[44,100521,1915],{"class":84},[44,100523,104],{"class":80},[44,100525,100526,100528,100530,100532,100534,100536],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,100527,95],{"class":94},[44,100529,98],{"class":80},[44,100531,2880],{"class":1461},[44,100533,98],{"class":80},[44,100535,1915],{"class":84},[44,100537,370],{"class":80},[20,100539,107],{},[35,100541,100542],{"className":37,"code":98950,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,100543,100544,100550],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100545,100546,100548],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100547,5952],{"class":1461},[44,100549,88],{"class":80},[44,100551,100552,100554,100556,100558,100560,100562],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,100553,2949],{"class":54},[44,100555,2952],{"class":1717},[44,100557,2955],{"class":58},[44,100559,5952],{"class":62},[44,100561,655],{"class":58},[44,100563,2962],{"class":54},[20,100565,100566,100567,18630,100569,100571,100572,100574],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100568,3458],{},[15,100570,3453],{},". In Python, ",[15,100573,3453],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44579,100576],{},[30,100578,11136],{"id":11135},[20,100580,100581],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[35,100583,100585],{"className":37,"code":100584,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100586,100587,100620,100653,100657,100677,100681,100691,100702],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100588,100589,100592,100594,100596,100598,100600,100602,100604,100606,100608,100610,100612,100614,100616,100618],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100590,100591],{"class":50},"fruits_a ",[44,100593,55],{"class":54},[44,100595,10151],{"class":80},[44,100597,362],{"class":58},[44,100599,3741],{"class":62},[44,100601,362],{"class":58},[44,100603,2646],{"class":80},[44,100605,59],{"class":58},[44,100607,3750],{"class":62},[44,100609,362],{"class":58},[44,100611,2646],{"class":80},[44,100613,59],{"class":58},[44,100615,32887],{"class":62},[44,100617,362],{"class":58},[44,100619,8969],{"class":80},[44,100621,100622,100625,100627,100629,100631,100633,100635,100637,100639,100641,100643,100645,100647,100649,100651],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,100623,100624],{"class":50},"fruits_b ",[44,100626,55],{"class":54},[44,100628,10151],{"class":80},[44,100630,362],{"class":58},[44,100632,3750],{"class":62},[44,100634,362],{"class":58},[44,100636,2646],{"class":80},[44,100638,59],{"class":58},[44,100640,32887],{"class":62},[44,100642,362],{"class":58},[44,100644,2646],{"class":80},[44,100646,59],{"class":58},[44,100648,22200],{"class":62},[44,100650,362],{"class":58},[44,100652,8969],{"class":80},[44,100654,100655],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,100656,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,100658,100659,100661,100663,100666,100668,100670,100672,100675],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,100660,1880],{"class":50},[44,100662,55],{"class":54},[44,100664,100665],{"class":50}," fruits_a",[44,100667,81],{"class":80},[44,100669,2466],{"class":84},[44,100671,98],{"class":80},[44,100673,100674],{"class":84},"fruits_b",[44,100676,104],{"class":80},[44,100678,100679],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,100680,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,100682,100683,100685,100687,100689],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,100684,95],{"class":94},[44,100686,98],{"class":80},[44,100688,1915],{"class":84},[44,100690,104],{"class":80},[44,100692,100693,100695,100697,100700],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,100694,95],{"class":94},[44,100696,98],{"class":80},[44,100698,100699],{"class":84},"fruits_a",[44,100701,104],{"class":80},[44,100703,100704,100706,100708,100710],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,100705,95],{"class":94},[44,100707,98],{"class":80},[44,100709,100674],{"class":84},[44,100711,104],{"class":80},[20,100713,29697],{},[35,100715,100717],{"className":37,"code":100716,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,100718,100719,100731,100759],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100720,100721,100723,100725,100727,100729],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100722,8938],{"class":80},[44,100724,655],{"class":58},[44,100726,3741],{"class":62},[44,100728,655],{"class":58},[44,100730,8969],{"class":80},[44,100732,100733,100735,100737,100739,100741,100743,100745,100747,100749,100751,100753,100755,100757],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,100734,8938],{"class":80},[44,100736,655],{"class":58},[44,100738,3750],{"class":62},[44,100740,655],{"class":58},[44,100742,2646],{"class":80},[44,100744,2955],{"class":58},[44,100746,32887],{"class":62},[44,100748,655],{"class":58},[44,100750,2646],{"class":80},[44,100752,2955],{"class":58},[44,100754,3741],{"class":62},[44,100756,655],{"class":58},[44,100758,8969],{"class":80},[44,100760,100761,100763,100765,100767,100769,100771,100773,100775,100777,100779,100781,100783,100785],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,100762,8938],{"class":80},[44,100764,655],{"class":58},[44,100766,3750],{"class":62},[44,100768,655],{"class":58},[44,100770,2646],{"class":80},[44,100772,2955],{"class":58},[44,100774,32887],{"class":62},[44,100776,655],{"class":58},[44,100778,2646],{"class":80},[44,100780,2955],{"class":58},[44,100782,22200],{"class":62},[44,100784,655],{"class":58},[44,100786,8969],{"class":80},[20,100788,11345],{},[139,100790,100791,100796,100801,100807],{},[142,100792,100793,100794],{},"Start with ",[15,100795,100699],{},[142,100797,100798,100799],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,100800,100674],{},[142,100802,100803,100804,100806],{},"Only ",[15,100805,57495],{}," remains",[142,100808,100809],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,100811,100812],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44579,100814],{},[30,100816,675,100818,100820],{"id":100817},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,100819,100076],{}," with multiple sets",[20,100822,100823,100824,81],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,100825,100076],{},[20,100827,100828],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[35,100830,100832],{"className":37,"code":100831,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100833,100834,100866,100883,100896,100913,100917,100946],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100835,100836,100838,100840,100842,100844,100846,100848,100850,100852,100854,100856,100858,100860,100862,100864],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100837,3276],{"class":50},[44,100839,55],{"class":54},[44,100841,10151],{"class":80},[44,100843,2643],{"class":1675},[44,100845,2646],{"class":80},[44,100847,2649],{"class":1675},[44,100849,2646],{"class":80},[44,100851,2104],{"class":1675},[44,100853,2646],{"class":80},[44,100855,2110],{"class":1675},[44,100857,2646],{"class":80},[44,100859,4270],{"class":1675},[44,100861,2646],{"class":80},[44,100863,37309],{"class":1675},[44,100865,8969],{"class":80},[44,100867,100868,100871,100873,100875,100877,100879,100881],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,100869,100870],{"class":50},"group_a ",[44,100872,55],{"class":54},[44,100874,10151],{"class":80},[44,100876,1708],{"class":1675},[44,100878,2646],{"class":80},[44,100880,2110],{"class":1675},[44,100882,8969],{"class":80},[44,100884,100885,100888,100890,100892,100894],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,100886,100887],{"class":50},"group_b ",[44,100889,55],{"class":54},[44,100891,10151],{"class":80},[44,100893,1789],{"class":1675},[44,100895,8969],{"class":80},[44,100897,100898,100901,100903,100905,100907,100909,100911],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,100899,100900],{"class":50},"group_c ",[44,100902,55],{"class":54},[44,100904,10151],{"class":80},[44,100906,80257],{"class":1675},[44,100908,2646],{"class":80},[44,100910,5659],{"class":1675},[44,100912,8969],{"class":80},[44,100914,100915],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,100916,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,100918,100919,100921,100923,100925,100927,100929,100931,100934,100936,100939,100941,100944],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,100920,1880],{"class":50},[44,100922,55],{"class":54},[44,100924,3926],{"class":50},[44,100926,81],{"class":80},[44,100928,2466],{"class":84},[44,100930,98],{"class":80},[44,100932,100933],{"class":84},"group_a",[44,100935,2646],{"class":80},[44,100937,100938],{"class":84}," group_b",[44,100940,2646],{"class":80},[44,100942,100943],{"class":84}," group_c",[44,100945,104],{"class":80},[44,100947,100948,100950,100952,100954],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,100949,95],{"class":94},[44,100951,98],{"class":80},[44,100953,1915],{"class":84},[44,100955,104],{"class":80},[20,100957,107],{},[35,100959,100961],{"className":37,"code":100960,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 3}\n",[15,100962,100963],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100964,100965,100967,100969,100971,100973],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100966,8938],{"class":80},[44,100968,2643],{"class":1675},[44,100970,2646],{"class":80},[44,100972,2104],{"class":1675},[44,100974,8969],{"class":80},[20,100976,100977],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44579,100979],{},[30,100981,100983,866,100985],{"id":100982},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,100984,100076],{},[15,100986,100987],{},"difference_update()",[20,100989,100990],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[267,100992,100993],{"id":2466},[15,100994,100076],{},[139,100996,100997,101000],{},[142,100998,100999],{},"Returns a new set",[142,101001,101002],{},"Does not change the original set",[35,101004,101006],{"className":37,"code":101005,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101007,101008,101032,101048,101052,101070,101074,101084],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101009,101010,101012,101014,101016,101018,101020,101022,101024,101026,101028,101030],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101011,2208],{"class":50},[44,101013,55],{"class":54},[44,101015,10151],{"class":80},[44,101017,2643],{"class":1675},[44,101019,2646],{"class":80},[44,101021,2649],{"class":1675},[44,101023,2646],{"class":80},[44,101025,2104],{"class":1675},[44,101027,2646],{"class":80},[44,101029,2110],{"class":1675},[44,101031,8969],{"class":80},[44,101033,101034,101036,101038,101040,101042,101044,101046],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,101035,2236],{"class":50},[44,101037,55],{"class":54},[44,101039,10151],{"class":80},[44,101041,1714],{"class":1675},[44,101043,2646],{"class":80},[44,101045,2110],{"class":1675},[44,101047,8969],{"class":80},[44,101049,101050],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,101051,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,101053,101054,101056,101058,101060,101062,101064,101066,101068],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,101055,1880],{"class":50},[44,101057,55],{"class":54},[44,101059,56549],{"class":50},[44,101061,81],{"class":80},[44,101063,2466],{"class":84},[44,101065,98],{"class":80},[44,101067,842],{"class":84},[44,101069,104],{"class":80},[44,101071,101072],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,101073,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,101075,101076,101078,101080,101082],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,101077,95],{"class":94},[44,101079,98],{"class":80},[44,101081,1915],{"class":84},[44,101083,104],{"class":80},[44,101085,101086,101088,101090,101092],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,101087,95],{"class":94},[44,101089,98],{"class":80},[44,101091,243],{"class":84},[44,101093,104],{"class":80},[20,101095,107],{},[35,101097,101099],{"className":37,"code":101098,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101100,101101,101113],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101102,101103,101105,101107,101109,101111],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101104,8938],{"class":80},[44,101106,2643],{"class":1675},[44,101108,2646],{"class":80},[44,101110,2649],{"class":1675},[44,101112,8969],{"class":80},[44,101114,101115,101117,101119,101121,101123,101125,101127,101129,101131],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,101116,8938],{"class":80},[44,101118,2643],{"class":1675},[44,101120,2646],{"class":80},[44,101122,2649],{"class":1675},[44,101124,2646],{"class":80},[44,101126,2104],{"class":1675},[44,101128,2646],{"class":80},[44,101130,2110],{"class":1675},[44,101132,8969],{"class":80},[267,101134,101136],{"id":101135},"difference_update",[15,101137,100987],{},[139,101139,101140,101143],{},[142,101141,101142],{},"Changes the original set",[142,101144,95980],{},[35,101146,101148],{"className":37,"code":101147,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101149,101150,101174,101190,101194,101208,101212],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101151,101152,101154,101156,101158,101160,101162,101164,101166,101168,101170,101172],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101153,2208],{"class":50},[44,101155,55],{"class":54},[44,101157,10151],{"class":80},[44,101159,2643],{"class":1675},[44,101161,2646],{"class":80},[44,101163,2649],{"class":1675},[44,101165,2646],{"class":80},[44,101167,2104],{"class":1675},[44,101169,2646],{"class":80},[44,101171,2110],{"class":1675},[44,101173,8969],{"class":80},[44,101175,101176,101178,101180,101182,101184,101186,101188],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,101177,2236],{"class":50},[44,101179,55],{"class":54},[44,101181,10151],{"class":80},[44,101183,1714],{"class":1675},[44,101185,2646],{"class":80},[44,101187,2110],{"class":1675},[44,101189,8969],{"class":80},[44,101191,101192],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,101193,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,101195,101196,101198,101200,101202,101204,101206],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,101197,243],{"class":50},[44,101199,81],{"class":80},[44,101201,101135],{"class":84},[44,101203,98],{"class":80},[44,101205,842],{"class":84},[44,101207,104],{"class":80},[44,101209,101210],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,101211,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,101213,101214,101216,101218,101220],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,101215,95],{"class":94},[44,101217,98],{"class":80},[44,101219,243],{"class":84},[44,101221,104],{"class":80},[20,101223,107],{},[35,101225,101226],{"className":37,"code":100169,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,101227,101228],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101229,101230,101232,101234,101236,101238],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101231,8938],{"class":80},[44,101233,2643],{"class":1675},[44,101235,2646],{"class":80},[44,101237,2649],{"class":1675},[44,101239,8969],{"class":80},[20,101241,119,101242,101244],{},[15,101243,100076],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101246,101247,101248,33267],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101249,100987],{},[44579,101251],{},[30,101253,101255,101257,101258,101260],{"id":101254},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101256,100076],{}," vs the ",[15,101259,1672],{}," operator",[20,101262,1628,101263,101265,101266,101268],{},[15,101264,1672],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101267,100076],{}," for two sets.",[35,101270,101272],{"className":37,"code":101271,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101273,101274,101298,101314,101318,101336],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101275,101276,101278,101280,101282,101284,101286,101288,101290,101292,101294,101296],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101277,2208],{"class":50},[44,101279,55],{"class":54},[44,101281,10151],{"class":80},[44,101283,2643],{"class":1675},[44,101285,2646],{"class":80},[44,101287,2649],{"class":1675},[44,101289,2646],{"class":80},[44,101291,2104],{"class":1675},[44,101293,2646],{"class":80},[44,101295,2110],{"class":1675},[44,101297,8969],{"class":80},[44,101299,101300,101302,101304,101306,101308,101310,101312],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,101301,2236],{"class":50},[44,101303,55],{"class":54},[44,101305,10151],{"class":80},[44,101307,1714],{"class":1675},[44,101309,2646],{"class":80},[44,101311,2110],{"class":1675},[44,101313,8969],{"class":80},[44,101315,101316],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,101317,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,101319,101320,101322,101324,101326,101328,101330,101332,101334],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,101321,95],{"class":94},[44,101323,98],{"class":80},[44,101325,243],{"class":84},[44,101327,81],{"class":80},[44,101329,2466],{"class":84},[44,101331,98],{"class":80},[44,101333,842],{"class":84},[44,101335,370],{"class":80},[44,101337,101338,101340,101342,101344,101346,101348],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,101339,95],{"class":94},[44,101341,98],{"class":80},[44,101343,2208],{"class":84},[44,101345,1672],{"class":54},[44,101347,2213],{"class":84},[44,101349,104],{"class":80},[20,101351,107],{},[35,101353,101355],{"className":37,"code":101354,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101356,101357,101369],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101358,101359,101361,101363,101365,101367],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101360,8938],{"class":80},[44,101362,2643],{"class":1675},[44,101364,2646],{"class":80},[44,101366,2649],{"class":1675},[44,101368,8969],{"class":80},[44,101370,101371,101373,101375,101377,101379],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,101372,8938],{"class":80},[44,101374,2643],{"class":1675},[44,101376,2646],{"class":80},[44,101378,2649],{"class":1675},[44,101380,8969],{"class":80},[20,101382,101383],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101385,94250,101386,1520],{},[15,101387,100076],{},[139,101389,101390,101393,101396],{},[142,101391,101392],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[142,101394,101395],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[142,101397,101398],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101400,101401],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[35,101403,101405],{"className":37,"code":101404,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101406,101407,101435,101447,101459,101463],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101408,101409,101411,101413,101415,101417,101419,101421,101423,101425,101427,101429,101431,101433],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101410,2208],{"class":50},[44,101412,55],{"class":54},[44,101414,10151],{"class":80},[44,101416,2643],{"class":1675},[44,101418,2646],{"class":80},[44,101420,2649],{"class":1675},[44,101422,2646],{"class":80},[44,101424,2104],{"class":1675},[44,101426,2646],{"class":80},[44,101428,2110],{"class":1675},[44,101430,2646],{"class":80},[44,101432,4270],{"class":1675},[44,101434,8969],{"class":80},[44,101436,101437,101439,101441,101443,101445],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,101438,2236],{"class":50},[44,101440,55],{"class":54},[44,101442,10151],{"class":80},[44,101444,1708],{"class":1675},[44,101446,8969],{"class":80},[44,101448,101449,101451,101453,101455,101457],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,101450,82849],{"class":50},[44,101452,55],{"class":54},[44,101454,10151],{"class":80},[44,101456,2158],{"class":1675},[44,101458,8969],{"class":80},[44,101460,101461],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,101462,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,101464,101465,101467,101469,101471,101473,101475,101477,101479,101481,101483],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,101466,95],{"class":94},[44,101468,98],{"class":80},[44,101470,243],{"class":84},[44,101472,81],{"class":80},[44,101474,2466],{"class":84},[44,101476,98],{"class":80},[44,101478,842],{"class":84},[44,101480,2646],{"class":80},[44,101482,9342],{"class":84},[44,101484,370],{"class":80},[20,101486,107],{},[35,101488,101490],{"className":37,"code":101489,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101491,101492],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101493,101494,101496,101498,101500,101502,101504,101506],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101495,8938],{"class":80},[44,101497,2643],{"class":1675},[44,101499,2646],{"class":80},[44,101501,2104],{"class":1675},[44,101503,2646],{"class":80},[44,101505,4270],{"class":1675},[44,101507,8969],{"class":80},[20,101509,101510,101511,101513],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101512,1672],{}," operator expression.",[44579,101515],{},[30,101517,4183],{"id":4182},[20,101519,20879,101520,81],{},[15,101521,100076],{},[267,101523,101525],{"id":101524},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101527,4293,101528,101530,101531,2539],{},[830,101529,832],{}," change ",[15,101532,243],{},[35,101534,101536],{"className":37,"code":101535,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101537,101538,101558,101570,101574,101588],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101539,101540,101542,101544,101546,101548,101550,101552,101554,101556],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101541,2208],{"class":50},[44,101543,55],{"class":54},[44,101545,10151],{"class":80},[44,101547,2643],{"class":1675},[44,101549,2646],{"class":80},[44,101551,2649],{"class":1675},[44,101553,2646],{"class":80},[44,101555,2104],{"class":1675},[44,101557,8969],{"class":80},[44,101559,101560,101562,101564,101566,101568],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,101561,2236],{"class":50},[44,101563,55],{"class":54},[44,101565,10151],{"class":80},[44,101567,1714],{"class":1675},[44,101569,8969],{"class":80},[44,101571,101572],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,101573,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,101575,101576,101578,101580,101582,101584,101586],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,101577,243],{"class":50},[44,101579,81],{"class":80},[44,101581,2466],{"class":84},[44,101583,98],{"class":80},[44,101585,842],{"class":84},[44,101587,104],{"class":80},[44,101589,101590,101592,101594,101596],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,101591,95],{"class":94},[44,101593,98],{"class":80},[44,101595,243],{"class":84},[44,101597,104],{"class":80},[20,101599,107],{},[35,101601,101602],{"className":37,"code":96269,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,101603,101604],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101605,101606,101608,101610,101612,101614,101616,101618],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101607,8938],{"class":80},[44,101609,2643],{"class":1675},[44,101611,2646],{"class":80},[44,101613,2649],{"class":1675},[44,101615,2646],{"class":80},[44,101617,2104],{"class":1675},[44,101619,8969],{"class":80},[20,101621,101622],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[35,101624,101626],{"className":37,"code":101625,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101627,101628,101648,101660,101664,101682],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101629,101630,101632,101634,101636,101638,101640,101642,101644,101646],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101631,2208],{"class":50},[44,101633,55],{"class":54},[44,101635,10151],{"class":80},[44,101637,2643],{"class":1675},[44,101639,2646],{"class":80},[44,101641,2649],{"class":1675},[44,101643,2646],{"class":80},[44,101645,2104],{"class":1675},[44,101647,8969],{"class":80},[44,101649,101650,101652,101654,101656,101658],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,101651,2236],{"class":50},[44,101653,55],{"class":54},[44,101655,10151],{"class":80},[44,101657,1714],{"class":1675},[44,101659,8969],{"class":80},[44,101661,101662],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,101663,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,101665,101666,101668,101670,101672,101674,101676,101678,101680],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,101667,2208],{"class":50},[44,101669,55],{"class":54},[44,101671,56549],{"class":50},[44,101673,81],{"class":80},[44,101675,2466],{"class":84},[44,101677,98],{"class":80},[44,101679,842],{"class":84},[44,101681,104],{"class":80},[44,101683,101684,101686,101688,101690],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,101685,95],{"class":94},[44,101687,98],{"class":80},[44,101689,243],{"class":84},[44,101691,104],{"class":80},[20,101693,107],{},[35,101695,101696],{"className":37,"code":100169,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,101697,101698],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101699,101700,101702,101704,101706,101708],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101701,8938],{"class":80},[44,101703,2643],{"class":1675},[44,101705,2646],{"class":80},[44,101707,2649],{"class":1675},[44,101709,8969],{"class":80},[267,101711,101713],{"id":101712},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,101715,101716,101719],{},[15,101717,101718],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[139,101721,101722,101727],{},[142,101723,101724,101725],{},"keep items from ",[15,101726,243],{},[142,101728,101729,101730],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,101731,842],{},[20,101733,40573,101734,101736,101737,101739],{},[830,101735,832],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,101738,842],{},"”.",[20,101741,161],{},[35,101743,101745],{"className":37,"code":101744,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,101746,101747,101767,101787,101791,101809],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101748,101749,101751,101753,101755,101757,101759,101761,101763,101765],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101750,2208],{"class":50},[44,101752,55],{"class":54},[44,101754,10151],{"class":80},[44,101756,2643],{"class":1675},[44,101758,2646],{"class":80},[44,101760,2649],{"class":1675},[44,101762,2646],{"class":80},[44,101764,2104],{"class":1675},[44,101766,8969],{"class":80},[44,101768,101769,101771,101773,101775,101777,101779,101781,101783,101785],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,101770,2236],{"class":50},[44,101772,55],{"class":54},[44,101774,10151],{"class":80},[44,101776,1714],{"class":1675},[44,101778,2646],{"class":80},[44,101780,2110],{"class":1675},[44,101782,2646],{"class":80},[44,101784,4270],{"class":1675},[44,101786,8969],{"class":80},[44,101788,101789],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,101790,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,101792,101793,101795,101797,101799,101801,101803,101805,101807],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,101794,95],{"class":94},[44,101796,98],{"class":80},[44,101798,243],{"class":84},[44,101800,81],{"class":80},[44,101802,2466],{"class":84},[44,101804,98],{"class":80},[44,101806,842],{"class":84},[44,101808,370],{"class":80},[44,101810,101811,101813,101815,101817,101819,101821,101823,101825],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,101812,95],{"class":94},[44,101814,98],{"class":80},[44,101816,842],{"class":84},[44,101818,81],{"class":80},[44,101820,2466],{"class":84},[44,101822,98],{"class":80},[44,101824,243],{"class":84},[44,101826,370],{"class":80},[20,101828,107],{},[35,101830,101832],{"className":37,"code":101831,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,101833,101834,101846],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101835,101836,101838,101840,101842,101844],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101837,8938],{"class":80},[44,101839,2643],{"class":1675},[44,101841,2646],{"class":80},[44,101843,2649],{"class":1675},[44,101845,8969],{"class":80},[44,101847,101848,101850,101852,101854,101856],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,101849,8938],{"class":80},[44,101851,2158],{"class":1675},[44,101853,2646],{"class":80},[44,101855,4270],{"class":1675},[44,101857,8969],{"class":80},[20,101859,101860],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[267,101862,101864],{"id":101863},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,101866,101867,101869],{},[15,101868,100076],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,101871,54980],{},[35,101873,101875],{"className":37,"code":101874,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,101876,101877,101897,101913,101917],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101878,101879,101881,101883,101885,101887,101889,101891,101893,101895],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101880,2208],{"class":50},[44,101882,55],{"class":54},[44,101884,3281],{"class":80},[44,101886,2643],{"class":1675},[44,101888,2646],{"class":80},[44,101890,2649],{"class":1675},[44,101892,2646],{"class":80},[44,101894,2104],{"class":1675},[44,101896,3294],{"class":80},[44,101898,101899,101901,101903,101905,101907,101909,101911],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,101900,2236],{"class":50},[44,101902,55],{"class":54},[44,101904,3281],{"class":80},[44,101906,1714],{"class":1675},[44,101908,2646],{"class":80},[44,101910,2110],{"class":1675},[44,101912,3294],{"class":80},[44,101914,101915],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,101916,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,101918,101919],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,101920,101921],{"class":3324},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,101923,101924],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[35,101926,101928],{"className":37,"code":101927,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,101929,101930,101950,101966,101970,101996],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101931,101932,101934,101936,101938,101940,101942,101944,101946,101948],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101933,2208],{"class":50},[44,101935,55],{"class":54},[44,101937,3281],{"class":80},[44,101939,2643],{"class":1675},[44,101941,2646],{"class":80},[44,101943,2649],{"class":1675},[44,101945,2646],{"class":80},[44,101947,2104],{"class":1675},[44,101949,3294],{"class":80},[44,101951,101952,101954,101956,101958,101960,101962,101964],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,101953,2236],{"class":50},[44,101955,55],{"class":54},[44,101957,3281],{"class":80},[44,101959,1714],{"class":1675},[44,101961,2646],{"class":80},[44,101963,2110],{"class":1675},[44,101965,3294],{"class":80},[44,101967,101968],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,101969,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,101971,101972,101974,101976,101978,101980,101982,101984,101986,101988,101990,101992,101994],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,101973,1880],{"class":50},[44,101975,55],{"class":54},[44,101977,15297],{"class":1461},[44,101979,98],{"class":80},[44,101981,243],{"class":84},[44,101983,8292],{"class":80},[44,101985,2466],{"class":84},[44,101987,98],{"class":80},[44,101989,5952],{"class":1461},[44,101991,98],{"class":80},[44,101993,842],{"class":84},[44,101995,370],{"class":80},[44,101997,101998,102000,102002,102004],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,101999,95],{"class":94},[44,102001,98],{"class":80},[44,102003,1915],{"class":84},[44,102005,104],{"class":80},[20,102007,107],{},[35,102009,102010],{"className":37,"code":100169,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,102011,102012],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102013,102014,102016,102018,102020,102022],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102015,8938],{"class":80},[44,102017,2643],{"class":1675},[44,102019,2646],{"class":80},[44,102021,2649],{"class":1675},[44,102023,8969],{"class":80},[267,102025,102027],{"id":102026},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102029,102030],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[35,102032,102034],{"className":37,"code":102033,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102035,102036,102068,102084,102088],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102037,102038,102040,102042,102044,102046,102048,102050,102052,102054,102056,102058,102060,102062,102064,102066],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102039,2208],{"class":50},[44,102041,55],{"class":54},[44,102043,10151],{"class":80},[44,102045,362],{"class":58},[44,102047,36712],{"class":62},[44,102049,362],{"class":58},[44,102051,2646],{"class":80},[44,102053,59],{"class":58},[44,102055,57789],{"class":62},[44,102057,362],{"class":58},[44,102059,2646],{"class":80},[44,102061,59],{"class":58},[44,102063,57806],{"class":62},[44,102065,362],{"class":58},[44,102067,8969],{"class":80},[44,102069,102070,102072,102074,102076,102078,102080,102082],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,102071,2236],{"class":50},[44,102073,55],{"class":54},[44,102075,10151],{"class":80},[44,102077,362],{"class":58},[44,102079,57789],{"class":62},[44,102081,362],{"class":58},[44,102083,8969],{"class":80},[44,102085,102086],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,102087,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,102089,102090,102092,102094,102096,102098,102100,102102,102104],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,102091,95],{"class":94},[44,102093,98],{"class":80},[44,102095,243],{"class":84},[44,102097,81],{"class":80},[44,102099,2466],{"class":84},[44,102101,98],{"class":80},[44,102103,842],{"class":84},[44,102105,370],{"class":80},[20,102107,102108],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[267,102110,102112],{"id":102111},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102114,102115],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[35,102117,102119],{"className":37,"code":102118,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102120,102121,102149,102161,102165,102175],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102122,102123,102125,102127,102129,102131,102133,102135,102137,102139,102141,102143,102145,102147],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102124,2208],{"class":50},[44,102126,55],{"class":54},[44,102128,10151],{"class":80},[44,102130,2643],{"class":1675},[44,102132,2646],{"class":80},[44,102134,5162],{"class":1675},[44,102136,2646],{"class":80},[44,102138,2649],{"class":1675},[44,102140,2646],{"class":80},[44,102142,2649],{"class":1675},[44,102144,2646],{"class":80},[44,102146,2104],{"class":1675},[44,102148,8969],{"class":80},[44,102150,102151,102153,102155,102157,102159],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,102152,2236],{"class":50},[44,102154,55],{"class":54},[44,102156,10151],{"class":80},[44,102158,1714],{"class":1675},[44,102160,8969],{"class":80},[44,102162,102163],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,102164,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,102166,102167,102169,102171,102173],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,102168,95],{"class":94},[44,102170,98],{"class":80},[44,102172,243],{"class":84},[44,102174,104],{"class":80},[44,102176,102177,102179,102181,102183,102185,102187,102189,102191],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,102178,95],{"class":94},[44,102180,98],{"class":80},[44,102182,243],{"class":84},[44,102184,81],{"class":80},[44,102186,2466],{"class":84},[44,102188,98],{"class":80},[44,102190,842],{"class":84},[44,102192,370],{"class":80},[20,102194,107],{},[35,102196,102198],{"className":37,"code":102197,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102199,102200,102216],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102201,102202,102204,102206,102208,102210,102212,102214],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102203,8938],{"class":80},[44,102205,2643],{"class":1675},[44,102207,2646],{"class":80},[44,102209,2649],{"class":1675},[44,102211,2646],{"class":80},[44,102213,2104],{"class":1675},[44,102215,8969],{"class":80},[44,102217,102218,102220,102222,102224,102226],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,102219,8938],{"class":80},[44,102221,2643],{"class":1675},[44,102223,2646],{"class":80},[44,102225,2649],{"class":1675},[44,102227,8969],{"class":80},[20,102229,102230,102231,102233],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102232,100076],{}," runs.",[267,102235,102237],{"id":102236},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102239,102240],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[35,102242,102244],{"className":37,"code":102243,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102245,102246,102270,102290,102294,102304,102314,102332,102354],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102247,102248,102250,102252,102254,102256,102258,102260,102262,102264,102266,102268],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102249,2208],{"class":50},[44,102251,55],{"class":54},[44,102253,10151],{"class":80},[44,102255,2643],{"class":1675},[44,102257,2646],{"class":80},[44,102259,2649],{"class":1675},[44,102261,2646],{"class":80},[44,102263,2104],{"class":1675},[44,102265,2646],{"class":80},[44,102267,2110],{"class":1675},[44,102269,8969],{"class":80},[44,102271,102272,102274,102276,102278,102280,102282,102284,102286,102288],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,102273,2236],{"class":50},[44,102275,55],{"class":54},[44,102277,10151],{"class":80},[44,102279,1714],{"class":1675},[44,102281,2646],{"class":80},[44,102283,2110],{"class":1675},[44,102285,2646],{"class":80},[44,102287,4270],{"class":1675},[44,102289,8969],{"class":80},[44,102291,102292],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,102293,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,102295,102296,102298,102300,102302],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,102297,95],{"class":94},[44,102299,98],{"class":80},[44,102301,243],{"class":84},[44,102303,104],{"class":80},[44,102305,102306,102308,102310,102312],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,102307,95],{"class":94},[44,102309,98],{"class":80},[44,102311,842],{"class":84},[44,102313,104],{"class":80},[44,102315,102316,102318,102320,102322,102324,102326,102328,102330],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,102317,95],{"class":94},[44,102319,98],{"class":80},[44,102321,243],{"class":84},[44,102323,81],{"class":80},[44,102325,2466],{"class":84},[44,102327,98],{"class":80},[44,102329,842],{"class":84},[44,102331,370],{"class":80},[44,102333,102334,102336,102338,102340,102342,102344,102346,102348,102350,102352],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,102335,95],{"class":94},[44,102337,98],{"class":80},[44,102339,2880],{"class":1461},[44,102341,98],{"class":80},[44,102343,243],{"class":84},[44,102345,81],{"class":80},[44,102347,2466],{"class":84},[44,102349,98],{"class":80},[44,102351,842],{"class":84},[44,102353,2567],{"class":80},[44,102355,102356,102358,102360,102362,102364,102366,102368,102370,102372,102374],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,102357,95],{"class":94},[44,102359,98],{"class":80},[44,102361,10822],{"class":94},[44,102363,98],{"class":80},[44,102365,243],{"class":84},[44,102367,81],{"class":80},[44,102369,2466],{"class":84},[44,102371,98],{"class":80},[44,102373,842],{"class":84},[44,102375,2567],{"class":80},[20,102377,10831],{},[139,102379,102380,102383,102386,102389],{},[142,102381,102382],{},"what is in each set",[142,102384,102385],{},"what result Python creates",[142,102387,102388],{},"that the result is a set",[142,102390,102391],{},"how many items remain",[44579,102393],{},[30,102395,1478],{"id":1477},[267,102397,1482,102399,102401],{"id":102398},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102400,100076],{}," change the original set?",[20,102403,102404],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[267,102406,4842,102408,4057,102410,1520],{"id":102407},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102409,100076],{},[15,102411,100987],{},[20,102413,102414,102416,102417,102419],{},[15,102415,100076],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102418,100987],{}," modifies the original set.",[267,102421,27996,102423,102425],{"id":102422},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102424,100076],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102427,102428],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[267,102430,102432],{"id":102431},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102434,102435],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44579,102437],{},[30,102439,1545],{"id":1544},[139,102441,102442,102446,102454],{},[142,102443,102444],{},[243,102445,95990],{"href":97161},[142,102447,102448],{},[243,102449,96476,102451,1555],{"href":102450},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102452,102453],{},"intersection()",[142,102455,102456],{},[243,102457,96476,102459,1555],{"href":102458},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102460,102461],{},"union()",[1577,102463,102464],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":102466},[102467,102468,102470,102471,102472,102473,102475,102480,102482,102490,102499],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":100198,"depth":69,"text":102469},"What difference() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":17083,"depth":69,"text":17084},{"id":11135,"depth":69,"text":11136},{"id":100817,"depth":69,"text":102474},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":100982,"depth":69,"text":102476,"children":102477},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102478,102479],{"id":2466,"depth":91,"text":100076},{"id":101135,"depth":91,"text":100987},{"id":101254,"depth":69,"text":102481},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4182,"depth":69,"text":4183,"children":102483},[102484,102485,102486,102487,102488,102489],{"id":101524,"depth":91,"text":101525},{"id":101712,"depth":91,"text":101713},{"id":101863,"depth":91,"text":101864},{"id":102026,"depth":91,"text":102027},{"id":102111,"depth":91,"text":102112},{"id":102236,"depth":91,"text":102237},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":102491},[102492,102494,102496,102498],{"id":102398,"depth":91,"text":102493},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102407,"depth":91,"text":102495},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102422,"depth":91,"text":102497},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102431,"depth":91,"text":102432},{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100068,"description":102500},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102507,"title":102508,"body":102509,"description":104204,"extension":1611,"meta":104205,"navigation":184,"path":104206,"seo":104207,"stem":104208,"__hash__":104209},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102510,"toc":104166},[102511,102517,102523,102536,102538,102639,102641,102686,102691,102696,102700,102714,102717,102725,102727,102746,102764,102768,102821,102823,102844,102851,102856,102883,102890,102989,102991,103028,103036,103040,103046,103049,103122,103124,103132,103137,103206,103208,103233,103235,103238,103341,103343,103404,103407,103411,103417,103490,103492,103525,103528,103531,103571,103577,103600,103605,103609,103620,103623,103625,103629,103635,103637,103694,103704,103706,103759,103766,103771,103839,103847,103853,103857,103859,103898,103903,103952,103956,103959,103961,104000,104003,104005,104010,104067,104069,104083,104085,104089,104095,104100,104105,104112,104123,104129,104134,104136,104163],[10,102512,95862,102514,18],{"id":102513},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102515,102516],{},"discard()",[20,102518,102519,102522],{},[15,102520,102521],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102524,102525,102526,839,102531,828,102533,102535],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[243,102527,102528],{"href":97871},[15,102529,102530],{},"set.remove()",[15,102532,102516],{},[830,102534,832],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[30,102537,1653],{"id":1652},[35,102539,102541],{"className":37,"code":102540,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102542,102543,102575,102594,102604,102608,102629],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102544,102545,102547,102549,102551,102553,102555,102557,102559,102561,102563,102565,102567,102569,102571,102573],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102546,12738],{"class":50},[44,102548,55],{"class":54},[44,102550,10151],{"class":80},[44,102552,362],{"class":58},[44,102554,12755],{"class":62},[44,102556,362],{"class":58},[44,102558,2646],{"class":80},[44,102560,59],{"class":58},[44,102562,12772],{"class":62},[44,102564,362],{"class":58},[44,102566,2646],{"class":80},[44,102568,59],{"class":58},[44,102570,17121],{"class":62},[44,102572,362],{"class":58},[44,102574,8969],{"class":80},[44,102576,102577,102579,102581,102584,102586,102588,102590,102592],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,102578,17168],{"class":50},[44,102580,81],{"class":80},[44,102582,102583],{"class":84},"discard",[44,102585,98],{"class":80},[44,102587,362],{"class":58},[44,102589,12772],{"class":62},[44,102591,362],{"class":58},[44,102593,104],{"class":80},[44,102595,102596,102598,102600,102602],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,102597,95],{"class":94},[44,102599,98],{"class":80},[44,102601,17168],{"class":84},[44,102603,104],{"class":80},[44,102605,102606],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,102607,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,102609,102610,102612,102614,102616,102618,102620,102622,102624,102626],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,102611,17168],{"class":50},[44,102613,81],{"class":80},[44,102615,102583],{"class":84},[44,102617,98],{"class":80},[44,102619,362],{"class":58},[44,102621,22191],{"class":62},[44,102623,362],{"class":58},[44,102625,3321],{"class":80},[44,102627,102628],{"class":3324},"  # no error if missing\n",[44,102630,102631,102633,102635,102637],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,102632,95],{"class":94},[44,102634,98],{"class":80},[44,102636,17168],{"class":84},[44,102638,104],{"class":80},[20,102640,29697],{},[35,102642,102644],{"className":37,"code":102643,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102645,102646,102666],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102647,102648,102650,102652,102654,102656,102658,102660,102662,102664],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102649,8938],{"class":80},[44,102651,655],{"class":58},[44,102653,12755],{"class":62},[44,102655,655],{"class":58},[44,102657,2646],{"class":80},[44,102659,2955],{"class":58},[44,102661,17121],{"class":62},[44,102663,655],{"class":58},[44,102665,8969],{"class":80},[44,102667,102668,102670,102672,102674,102676,102678,102680,102682,102684],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,102669,8938],{"class":80},[44,102671,655],{"class":58},[44,102673,12755],{"class":62},[44,102675,655],{"class":58},[44,102677,2646],{"class":80},[44,102679,2955],{"class":58},[44,102681,17121],{"class":62},[44,102683,655],{"class":58},[44,102685,8969],{"class":80},[20,102687,119,102688,102690],{},[15,102689,102516],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[30,102692,126,102694,129],{"id":102693},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,102695,102521],{},[20,102697,102698,2539],{},[15,102699,102516],{},[139,102701,102702,102705,102708,102710],{},[142,102703,102704],{},"Removes one item from a set",[142,102706,102707],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[142,102709,95977],{},[142,102711,11084,102712],{},[15,102713,3439],{},[20,102715,102716],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,102718,95986,102719,2532,102722,81],{},[243,102720,102721],{"href":98453},"what a set is in Python",[243,102723,102724],{"href":97545},"how to create a set",[30,102726,250],{"id":249},[35,102728,102730],{"className":37,"code":102729,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,102731,102732],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102733,102734,102736,102738,102740,102742,102744],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102735,15330],{"class":50},[44,102737,81],{"class":80},[44,102739,102583],{"class":84},[44,102741,98],{"class":80},[44,102743,2126],{"class":84},[44,102745,104],{"class":80},[139,102747,102748,102753,102758,102761],{},[142,102749,102750,102752],{},[15,102751,15330],{}," is the set you want to change",[142,102754,102755,102757],{},[15,102756,2126],{}," is the item you want to remove",[142,102759,102760],{},"The set must already exist",[142,102762,102763],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[267,102765,102767],{"id":102766},"example","Example",[35,102769,102771],{"className":37,"code":102770,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,102772,102773,102797,102811],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102774,102775,102777,102779,102781,102783,102785,102787,102789,102791,102793,102795],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102776,3276],{"class":50},[44,102778,55],{"class":54},[44,102780,10151],{"class":80},[44,102782,2643],{"class":1675},[44,102784,2646],{"class":80},[44,102786,2649],{"class":1675},[44,102788,2646],{"class":80},[44,102790,2104],{"class":1675},[44,102792,2646],{"class":80},[44,102794,2110],{"class":1675},[44,102796,8969],{"class":80},[44,102798,102799,102801,102803,102805,102807,102809],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,102800,3308],{"class":50},[44,102802,81],{"class":80},[44,102804,102583],{"class":84},[44,102806,98],{"class":80},[44,102808,1714],{"class":1675},[44,102810,104],{"class":80},[44,102812,102813,102815,102817,102819],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,102814,95],{"class":94},[44,102816,98],{"class":80},[44,102818,3308],{"class":84},[44,102820,104],{"class":80},[20,102822,107],{},[35,102824,102826],{"className":37,"code":102825,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,102827,102828],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102829,102830,102832,102834,102836,102838,102840,102842],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102831,8938],{"class":80},[44,102833,2643],{"class":1675},[44,102835,2646],{"class":80},[44,102837,2649],{"class":1675},[44,102839,2646],{"class":80},[44,102841,2110],{"class":1675},[44,102843,8969],{"class":80},[30,102845,102847,102848,102850],{"id":102846},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,102849,102516],{}," different",[20,102852,102853,102855],{},[15,102854,102516],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[139,102857,102858,102871,102880],{},[142,102859,102860,102861,839,102865,102867,102868,102870],{},"Unlike ",[243,102862,102863],{"href":97871},[15,102864,55190],{},[15,102866,102516],{}," does not raise ",[15,102869,19354],{}," when the item is missing",[142,102872,102860,102873,839,102877,102879],{},[243,102874,102875],{"href":97876},[15,102876,12425],{},[15,102878,102516],{}," removes a specific item",[142,102881,102882],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[267,102884,102886,866,102888],{"id":102885},"discard-vs-remove",[15,102887,102516],{},[15,102889,55190],{},[35,102891,102893],{"className":37,"code":102892,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,102894,102895,102919,102923,102944,102954,102958,102979],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102896,102897,102899,102901,102903,102905,102907,102909,102911,102913,102915,102917],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102898,7441],{"class":50},[44,102900,55],{"class":54},[44,102902,10151],{"class":80},[44,102904,362],{"class":58},[44,102906,3741],{"class":62},[44,102908,362],{"class":58},[44,102910,2646],{"class":80},[44,102912,59],{"class":58},[44,102914,3750],{"class":62},[44,102916,362],{"class":58},[44,102918,8969],{"class":80},[44,102920,102921],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,102922,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,102924,102925,102927,102929,102931,102933,102935,102937,102939,102941],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,102926,7472],{"class":50},[44,102928,81],{"class":80},[44,102930,102583],{"class":84},[44,102932,98],{"class":80},[44,102934,362],{"class":58},[44,102936,32887],{"class":62},[44,102938,362],{"class":58},[44,102940,3321],{"class":80},[44,102942,102943],{"class":3324},"   # no error\n",[44,102945,102946,102948,102950,102952],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,102947,95],{"class":94},[44,102949,98],{"class":80},[44,102951,7472],{"class":84},[44,102953,104],{"class":80},[44,102955,102956],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,102957,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,102959,102960,102962,102964,102966,102968,102970,102972,102974,102976],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,102961,7472],{"class":50},[44,102963,81],{"class":80},[44,102965,34457],{"class":84},[44,102967,98],{"class":80},[44,102969,362],{"class":58},[44,102971,3750],{"class":62},[44,102973,362],{"class":58},[44,102975,3321],{"class":80},[44,102977,102978],{"class":3324},"    # removes existing item\n",[44,102980,102981,102983,102985,102987],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,102982,95],{"class":94},[44,102984,98],{"class":80},[44,102986,7472],{"class":84},[44,102988,104],{"class":80},[20,102990,107],{},[35,102992,102994],{"className":37,"code":102993,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,102995,102996,103016],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102997,102998,103000,103002,103004,103006,103008,103010,103012,103014],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102999,8938],{"class":80},[44,103001,655],{"class":58},[44,103003,3741],{"class":62},[44,103005,655],{"class":58},[44,103007,2646],{"class":80},[44,103009,2955],{"class":58},[44,103011,3750],{"class":62},[44,103013,655],{"class":58},[44,103015,8969],{"class":80},[44,103017,103018,103020,103022,103024,103026],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,103019,8938],{"class":80},[44,103021,655],{"class":58},[44,103023,3741],{"class":62},[44,103025,655],{"class":58},[44,103027,8969],{"class":80},[20,103029,40010,103030,103032,103033,103035],{},[15,103031,55190],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[243,103034,10735],{"href":10734}," for more help with that case.",[30,103037,103039],{"id":103038},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103041,103042,2049,103044,81],{},[15,103043,102516],{},[15,103045,3439],{},[20,103047,103048],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[35,103050,103052],{"className":37,"code":103051,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103053,103054,103086,103108,103112],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103055,103056,103058,103060,103062,103064,103066,103068,103070,103072,103074,103076,103078,103080,103082,103084],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103057,12738],{"class":50},[44,103059,55],{"class":54},[44,103061,10151],{"class":80},[44,103063,362],{"class":58},[44,103065,12755],{"class":62},[44,103067,362],{"class":58},[44,103069,2646],{"class":80},[44,103071,59],{"class":58},[44,103073,12772],{"class":62},[44,103075,362],{"class":58},[44,103077,2646],{"class":80},[44,103079,59],{"class":58},[44,103081,17121],{"class":62},[44,103083,362],{"class":58},[44,103085,8969],{"class":80},[44,103087,103088,103090,103092,103094,103096,103098,103100,103102,103104,103106],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,103089,1880],{"class":50},[44,103091,55],{"class":54},[44,103093,12786],{"class":50},[44,103095,81],{"class":80},[44,103097,102583],{"class":84},[44,103099,98],{"class":80},[44,103101,362],{"class":58},[44,103103,12772],{"class":62},[44,103105,362],{"class":58},[44,103107,104],{"class":80},[44,103109,103110],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,103111,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,103113,103114,103116,103118,103120],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,103115,95],{"class":94},[44,103117,98],{"class":80},[44,103119,1915],{"class":84},[44,103121,104],{"class":80},[20,103123,107],{},[35,103125,103126],{"className":37,"code":11470,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,103127,103128],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103129,103130],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103131,11470],{"class":3513},[20,103133,103134,103135,2539],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103136,17168],{},[35,103138,103140],{"className":37,"code":103139,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103141,103142,103174,103192,103196],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103143,103144,103146,103148,103150,103152,103154,103156,103158,103160,103162,103164,103166,103168,103170,103172],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103145,12738],{"class":50},[44,103147,55],{"class":54},[44,103149,10151],{"class":80},[44,103151,362],{"class":58},[44,103153,12755],{"class":62},[44,103155,362],{"class":58},[44,103157,2646],{"class":80},[44,103159,59],{"class":58},[44,103161,12772],{"class":62},[44,103163,362],{"class":58},[44,103165,2646],{"class":80},[44,103167,59],{"class":58},[44,103169,17121],{"class":62},[44,103171,362],{"class":58},[44,103173,8969],{"class":80},[44,103175,103176,103178,103180,103182,103184,103186,103188,103190],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,103177,17168],{"class":50},[44,103179,81],{"class":80},[44,103181,102583],{"class":84},[44,103183,98],{"class":80},[44,103185,362],{"class":58},[44,103187,12772],{"class":62},[44,103189,362],{"class":58},[44,103191,104],{"class":80},[44,103193,103194],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,103195,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,103197,103198,103200,103202,103204],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,103199,95],{"class":94},[44,103201,98],{"class":80},[44,103203,17168],{"class":84},[44,103205,104],{"class":80},[20,103207,107],{},[35,103209,103211],{"className":37,"code":103210,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103212,103213],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103214,103215,103217,103219,103221,103223,103225,103227,103229,103231],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103216,8938],{"class":80},[44,103218,655],{"class":58},[44,103220,12755],{"class":62},[44,103222,655],{"class":58},[44,103224,2646],{"class":80},[44,103226,2955],{"class":58},[44,103228,17121],{"class":62},[44,103230,655],{"class":58},[44,103232,8969],{"class":80},[30,103234,11136],{"id":11135},[20,103236,103237],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[35,103239,103241],{"className":37,"code":103240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103242,103243,103275,103279,103297,103301,103319,103323],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103244,103245,103247,103249,103251,103253,103255,103257,103259,103261,103263,103265,103267,103269,103271,103273],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103246,35904],{"class":50},[44,103248,55],{"class":54},[44,103250,10151],{"class":80},[44,103252,362],{"class":58},[44,103254,3741],{"class":62},[44,103256,362],{"class":58},[44,103258,2646],{"class":80},[44,103260,59],{"class":58},[44,103262,3750],{"class":62},[44,103264,362],{"class":58},[44,103266,2646],{"class":80},[44,103268,59],{"class":58},[44,103270,32887],{"class":62},[44,103272,362],{"class":58},[44,103274,8969],{"class":80},[44,103276,103277],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,103278,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,103280,103281,103283,103285,103287,103289,103291,103293,103295],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,103282,95],{"class":94},[44,103284,98],{"class":80},[44,103286,362],{"class":58},[44,103288,11225],{"class":62},[44,103290,362],{"class":58},[44,103292,2646],{"class":80},[44,103294,52513],{"class":84},[44,103296,104],{"class":80},[44,103298,103299],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,103300,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,103302,103303,103305,103307,103309,103311,103313,103315,103317],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,103304,35956],{"class":50},[44,103306,81],{"class":80},[44,103308,102583],{"class":84},[44,103310,98],{"class":80},[44,103312,362],{"class":58},[44,103314,3750],{"class":62},[44,103316,362],{"class":58},[44,103318,104],{"class":80},[44,103320,103321],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,103322,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,103324,103325,103327,103329,103331,103333,103335,103337,103339],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,103326,95],{"class":94},[44,103328,98],{"class":80},[44,103330,362],{"class":58},[44,103332,11265],{"class":62},[44,103334,362],{"class":58},[44,103336,2646],{"class":80},[44,103338,52513],{"class":84},[44,103340,104],{"class":80},[20,103342,107],{},[35,103344,103346],{"className":37,"code":103345,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103347,103348,103380],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103349,103350,103352,103354,103356,103358,103360,103362,103364,103366,103368,103370,103372,103374,103376,103378],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103351,11285],{"class":50},[44,103353,2539],{"class":80},[44,103355,10151],{"class":80},[44,103357,655],{"class":58},[44,103359,3750],{"class":62},[44,103361,655],{"class":58},[44,103363,2646],{"class":80},[44,103365,2955],{"class":58},[44,103367,3741],{"class":62},[44,103369,655],{"class":58},[44,103371,2646],{"class":80},[44,103373,2955],{"class":58},[44,103375,32887],{"class":62},[44,103377,655],{"class":58},[44,103379,8969],{"class":80},[44,103381,103382,103384,103386,103388,103390,103392,103394,103396,103398,103400,103402],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,103383,11338],{"class":50},[44,103385,2539],{"class":80},[44,103387,10151],{"class":80},[44,103389,655],{"class":58},[44,103391,3741],{"class":62},[44,103393,655],{"class":58},[44,103395,2646],{"class":80},[44,103397,2955],{"class":58},[44,103399,32887],{"class":62},[44,103401,655],{"class":58},[44,103403,8969],{"class":80},[20,103405,103406],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[30,103408,103410],{"id":103409},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103412,103413,103414,103416],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103415,102516],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[35,103418,103420],{"className":37,"code":103419,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103421,103422,103454,103458,103476,103480],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103423,103424,103426,103428,103430,103432,103434,103436,103438,103440,103442,103444,103446,103448,103450,103452],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103425,35904],{"class":50},[44,103427,55],{"class":54},[44,103429,10151],{"class":80},[44,103431,362],{"class":58},[44,103433,3741],{"class":62},[44,103435,362],{"class":58},[44,103437,2646],{"class":80},[44,103439,59],{"class":58},[44,103441,3750],{"class":62},[44,103443,362],{"class":58},[44,103445,2646],{"class":80},[44,103447,59],{"class":58},[44,103449,32887],{"class":62},[44,103451,362],{"class":58},[44,103453,8969],{"class":80},[44,103455,103456],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,103457,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,103459,103460,103462,103464,103466,103468,103470,103472,103474],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,103461,35956],{"class":50},[44,103463,81],{"class":80},[44,103465,102583],{"class":84},[44,103467,98],{"class":80},[44,103469,362],{"class":58},[44,103471,22200],{"class":62},[44,103473,362],{"class":58},[44,103475,104],{"class":80},[44,103477,103478],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,103479,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,103481,103482,103484,103486,103488],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,103483,95],{"class":94},[44,103485,98],{"class":80},[44,103487,35956],{"class":84},[44,103489,104],{"class":80},[20,103491,107],{},[35,103493,103495],{"className":37,"code":103494,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103496,103497],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103498,103499,103501,103503,103505,103507,103509,103511,103513,103515,103517,103519,103521,103523],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103500,8938],{"class":80},[44,103502,655],{"class":58},[44,103504,3750],{"class":62},[44,103506,655],{"class":58},[44,103508,2646],{"class":80},[44,103510,2955],{"class":58},[44,103512,3741],{"class":62},[44,103514,655],{"class":58},[44,103516,2646],{"class":80},[44,103518,2955],{"class":58},[44,103520,32887],{"class":62},[44,103522,655],{"class":58},[44,103524,8969],{"class":80},[20,103526,103527],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103529,103530],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[35,103532,103534],{"className":37,"code":103533,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103535,103536,103552],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103537,103538,103540,103542,103544,103546,103548,103550],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103539,525],{"class":524},[44,103541,59],{"class":58},[44,103543,22200],{"class":62},[44,103545,362],{"class":58},[44,103547,20841],{"class":54},[44,103549,52513],{"class":50},[44,103551,548],{"class":80},[44,103553,103554,103557,103559,103561,103563,103565,103567,103569],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,103555,103556],{"class":50},"    fruits",[44,103558,81],{"class":80},[44,103560,34457],{"class":84},[44,103562,98],{"class":80},[44,103564,362],{"class":58},[44,103566,22200],{"class":62},[44,103568,362],{"class":58},[44,103570,104],{"class":80},[20,103572,103573,103574,103576],{},"With ",[15,103575,102516],{},", you can simply write:",[35,103578,103580],{"className":37,"code":103579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103581,103582],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103583,103584,103586,103588,103590,103592,103594,103596,103598],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103585,35956],{"class":50},[44,103587,81],{"class":80},[44,103589,102583],{"class":84},[44,103591,98],{"class":80},[44,103593,362],{"class":58},[44,103595,22200],{"class":62},[44,103597,362],{"class":58},[44,103599,104],{"class":80},[30,103601,1133,103603],{"id":103602},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103604,102516],{},[20,103606,119,103607,10261],{},[15,103608,102516],{},[139,103610,103611,103614,103617],{},[142,103612,103613],{},"Missing values are normal",[142,103615,103616],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[142,103618,103619],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103621,103622],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[30,103624,1238],{"id":1237},[20,103626,8108,103627,81],{},[15,103628,102516],{},[267,103630,1246,103632,103634],{"id":103631},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103633,102516],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103636,4190],{},[35,103638,103640],{"className":37,"code":103639,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103641,103642,103662,103680,103684],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103643,103644,103646,103648,103650,103652,103654,103656,103658,103660],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103645,3276],{"class":50},[44,103647,55],{"class":54},[44,103649,10151],{"class":80},[44,103651,2643],{"class":1675},[44,103653,2646],{"class":80},[44,103655,2649],{"class":1675},[44,103657,2646],{"class":80},[44,103659,2104],{"class":1675},[44,103661,8969],{"class":80},[44,103663,103664,103666,103668,103670,103672,103674,103676,103678],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,103665,3276],{"class":50},[44,103667,55],{"class":54},[44,103669,3926],{"class":50},[44,103671,81],{"class":80},[44,103673,102583],{"class":84},[44,103675,98],{"class":80},[44,103677,1708],{"class":1675},[44,103679,104],{"class":80},[44,103681,103682],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,103683,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,103685,103686,103688,103690,103692],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,103687,95],{"class":94},[44,103689,98],{"class":80},[44,103691,3308],{"class":84},[44,103693,104],{"class":80},[20,103695,103696,41819,103698,8262,103700,2049,103702,81],{},[15,103697,3308],{},[15,103699,3439],{},[15,103701,102516],{},[15,103703,3439],{},[20,103705,18507],{},[35,103707,103709],{"className":37,"code":103708,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103710,103711,103731,103745,103749],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103712,103713,103715,103717,103719,103721,103723,103725,103727,103729],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103714,3276],{"class":50},[44,103716,55],{"class":54},[44,103718,10151],{"class":80},[44,103720,2643],{"class":1675},[44,103722,2646],{"class":80},[44,103724,2649],{"class":1675},[44,103726,2646],{"class":80},[44,103728,2104],{"class":1675},[44,103730,8969],{"class":80},[44,103732,103733,103735,103737,103739,103741,103743],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,103734,3308],{"class":50},[44,103736,81],{"class":80},[44,103738,102583],{"class":84},[44,103740,98],{"class":80},[44,103742,1708],{"class":1675},[44,103744,104],{"class":80},[44,103746,103747],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,103748,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,103750,103751,103753,103755,103757],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,103752,95],{"class":94},[44,103754,98],{"class":80},[44,103756,3308],{"class":84},[44,103758,104],{"class":80},[267,103760,36869,103762,8363,103764],{"id":103761},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,103763,102516],{},[15,103765,55190],{},[20,103767,103768,103769,81],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,103770,102516],{},[35,103772,103774],{"className":37,"code":103773,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,103775,103776,103808,103829],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103777,103778,103780,103782,103784,103786,103788,103790,103792,103794,103796,103798,103800,103802,103804,103806],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103779,35755],{"class":50},[44,103781,55],{"class":54},[44,103783,10151],{"class":80},[44,103785,362],{"class":58},[44,103787,243],{"class":62},[44,103789,362],{"class":58},[44,103791,2646],{"class":80},[44,103793,59],{"class":58},[44,103795,842],{"class":62},[44,103797,362],{"class":58},[44,103799,2646],{"class":80},[44,103801,59],{"class":58},[44,103803,846],{"class":62},[44,103805,362],{"class":58},[44,103807,8969],{"class":80},[44,103809,103810,103812,103814,103816,103818,103820,103822,103824,103826],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,103811,35808],{"class":50},[44,103813,81],{"class":80},[44,103815,102583],{"class":84},[44,103817,98],{"class":80},[44,103819,362],{"class":58},[44,103821,21744],{"class":62},[44,103823,362],{"class":58},[44,103825,3321],{"class":80},[44,103827,103828],{"class":3324},"   # safe\n",[44,103830,103831,103833,103835,103837],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,103832,95],{"class":94},[44,103834,98],{"class":80},[44,103836,35808],{"class":84},[44,103838,104],{"class":80},[20,103840,103841,103842,45571,103845,81],{},"If you use ",[15,103843,103844],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,103846,19354],{},[267,103848,25284,103850,103852],{"id":103849},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,103851,102516],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,103854,103855,101869],{},[15,103856,102516],{},[20,103858,16308],{},[35,103860,103862],{"className":37,"code":103861,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,103863,103864,103884],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103865,103866,103868,103870,103872,103874,103876,103878,103880,103882],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103867,7441],{"class":50},[44,103869,55],{"class":54},[44,103871,3281],{"class":80},[44,103873,2643],{"class":1675},[44,103875,2646],{"class":80},[44,103877,2649],{"class":1675},[44,103879,2646],{"class":80},[44,103881,2104],{"class":1675},[44,103883,3294],{"class":80},[44,103885,103886,103888,103890,103892,103894,103896],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,103887,7472],{"class":50},[44,103889,81],{"class":80},[44,103891,102583],{"class":84},[44,103893,98],{"class":80},[44,103895,1708],{"class":1675},[44,103897,104],{"class":80},[20,103899,103900,103901,2539],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,103902,102516],{},[35,103904,103906],{"className":37,"code":103905,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,103907,103908,103928,103942],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103909,103910,103912,103914,103916,103918,103920,103922,103924,103926],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103911,7441],{"class":50},[44,103913,55],{"class":54},[44,103915,10151],{"class":80},[44,103917,2643],{"class":1675},[44,103919,2646],{"class":80},[44,103921,2649],{"class":1675},[44,103923,2646],{"class":80},[44,103925,2104],{"class":1675},[44,103927,8969],{"class":80},[44,103929,103930,103932,103934,103936,103938,103940],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,103931,7472],{"class":50},[44,103933,81],{"class":80},[44,103935,102583],{"class":84},[44,103937,98],{"class":80},[44,103939,1708],{"class":1675},[44,103941,104],{"class":80},[44,103943,103944,103946,103948,103950],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,103945,95],{"class":94},[44,103947,98],{"class":80},[44,103949,7472],{"class":84},[44,103951,104],{"class":80},[267,103953,103955],{"id":103954},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,103957,103958],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,103960,2490],{},[35,103962,103964],{"className":37,"code":103963,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,103965,103966,103986],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103967,103968,103970,103972,103974,103976,103978,103980,103982,103984],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103969,8825],{"class":50},[44,103971,55],{"class":54},[44,103973,10151],{"class":80},[44,103975,2643],{"class":1675},[44,103977,2646],{"class":80},[44,103979,2649],{"class":1675},[44,103981,2646],{"class":80},[44,103983,2104],{"class":1675},[44,103985,8969],{"class":80},[44,103987,103988,103990,103992,103994,103996,103998],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,103989,8864],{"class":50},[44,103991,81],{"class":80},[44,103993,102583],{"class":84},[44,103995,2640],{"class":80},[44,103997,1708],{"class":1675},[44,103999,3549],{"class":80},[20,104001,104002],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[30,104004,8531],{"id":8530},[20,104006,8534,104007,104009],{},[15,104008,102516],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[35,104011,104013],{"className":37,"code":104012,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104014,104015,104025,104039,104053],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104016,104017,104019,104021,104023],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104018,95],{"class":94},[44,104020,98],{"class":80},[44,104022,15330],{"class":84},[44,104024,104],{"class":80},[44,104026,104027,104029,104031,104033,104035,104037],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,104028,95],{"class":94},[44,104030,98],{"class":80},[44,104032,2880],{"class":1461},[44,104034,98],{"class":80},[44,104036,15330],{"class":84},[44,104038,370],{"class":80},[44,104040,104041,104043,104045,104047,104049,104051],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,104042,95],{"class":94},[44,104044,98],{"class":80},[44,104046,2099],{"class":84},[44,104048,3544],{"class":524},[44,104050,96586],{"class":84},[44,104052,104],{"class":80},[44,104054,104055,104057,104059,104061,104063,104065],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,104056,1456],{"class":94},[44,104058,98],{"class":80},[44,104060,5952],{"class":1461},[44,104062,81],{"class":80},[44,104064,102583],{"class":1467},[44,104066,104],{"class":80},[20,104068,10831],{},[139,104070,104071,104074,104077,104080],{},[142,104072,104073],{},"What is currently in the set",[142,104075,104076],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[142,104078,104079],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[142,104081,104082],{},"How Python documents the method",[30,104084,1478],{"id":1477},[267,104086,104088],{"id":104087},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104090,104091,104092,104094],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104093,102516],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[267,104096,1504,104098,12378],{"id":104097},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104099,102521],{},[20,104101,4810,104102,104104],{},[15,104103,3439],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[267,104106,4842,104108,4057,104110,1520],{"id":104107},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104109,102516],{},[15,104111,55190],{},[20,104113,104114,104115,26205,104117,104119,104120,104122],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104116,55190],{},[15,104118,19354],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104121,102516],{}," does not.",[267,104124,27996,104126,104128],{"id":104125},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104127,102516],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104130,1488,104131,104133],{},[15,104132,102516],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[30,104135,1545],{"id":1544},[139,104137,104138,104144,104150,104155,104159],{},[142,104139,104140],{},[243,104141,96476,104142,1555],{"href":97871},[15,104143,55190],{},[142,104145,104146],{},[243,104147,96476,104148,1555],{"href":97876},[15,104149,12425],{},[142,104151,104152],{},[243,104153,104154],{"href":97545},"Python set: creating a set",[142,104156,104157],{},[243,104158,100011],{"href":98453},[142,104160,104161],{},[243,104162,10923],{"href":10734},[1577,104164,104165],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":104167},[104168,104169,104171,104174,104179,104180,104181,104182,104184,104193,104194,104203],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":102693,"depth":69,"text":104170},"What set.discard() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250,"children":104172},[104173],{"id":102766,"depth":91,"text":102767},{"id":102846,"depth":69,"text":104175,"children":104176},"What makes discard() different",[104177],{"id":102885,"depth":91,"text":104178},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103038,"depth":69,"text":103039},{"id":11135,"depth":69,"text":11136},{"id":103409,"depth":69,"text":103410},{"id":103602,"depth":69,"text":104183},"When to use discard()",{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238,"children":104185},[104186,104188,104190,104192],{"id":103631,"depth":91,"text":104187},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103761,"depth":91,"text":104189},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":103849,"depth":91,"text":104191},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":103954,"depth":91,"text":103955},{"id":8530,"depth":69,"text":8531},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":104195},[104196,104197,104199,104201],{"id":104087,"depth":91,"text":104088},{"id":104097,"depth":91,"text":104198},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104107,"depth":91,"text":104200},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104125,"depth":91,"text":104202},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102508,"description":104204},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104211,"title":104212,"body":104213,"description":106219,"extension":1611,"meta":106220,"navigation":184,"path":106221,"seo":106222,"stem":106223,"__hash__":106224},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104214,"toc":106177},[104215,104218,104226,104231,104242,104244,104299,104303,104323,104328,104332,104337,104339,104353,104355,104430,104432,104465,104470,104475,104477,104479,104494,104497,104505,104510,104525,104527,104616,104618,104707,104713,104717,104719,104757,104759,104783,104786,104801,104803,104858,104860,104893,104895,104900,104904,104908,104913,104978,104980,105000,105006,105010,105067,105069,105090,105094,105099,105144,105146,105179,105182,105186,105219,105221,105250,105254,105258,105261,105263,105282,105284,105330,105335,105349,105351,105382,105387,105390,105434,105436,105464,105468,105472,105488,105491,105556,105558,105570,105573,105577,105580,105585,105613,105615,105633,105639,105678,105680,105698,105704,105733,105735,105753,105756,105773,105775,105780,105784,105787,105813,105820,105825,105840,105849,105853,105856,105887,105893,105896,105905,105908,105910,105912,105970,105973,105998,106000,106004,106007,106011,106019,106023,106026,106030,106033,106035,106058,106060,106101,106108,106116,106119,106150,106152,106174],[10,104216,104212],{"id":104217},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104219,8782,104220,104222,104223,81],{},[15,104221,3458],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[830,104224,104225],{},"unique values only",[20,104227,35069,104228,104230],{},[15,104229,3458],{}," to:",[139,104232,104233,104236,104239],{},[142,104234,104235],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[142,104237,104238],{},"check whether a value exists",[142,104240,104241],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[30,104243,1653],{"id":1652},[35,104245,104247],{"className":37,"code":104246,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104248,104249,104273,104288],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104250,104251,104253,104255,104257,104259,104261,104263,104265,104267,104269,104271],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104252,3276],{"class":50},[44,104254,55],{"class":54},[44,104256,3281],{"class":80},[44,104258,2643],{"class":1675},[44,104260,2646],{"class":80},[44,104262,2649],{"class":1675},[44,104264,2646],{"class":80},[44,104266,2649],{"class":1675},[44,104268,2646],{"class":80},[44,104270,2104],{"class":1675},[44,104272,3294],{"class":80},[44,104274,104275,104278,104280,104282,104284,104286],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,104276,104277],{"class":50},"unique_numbers ",[44,104279,55],{"class":54},[44,104281,15297],{"class":1461},[44,104283,98],{"class":80},[44,104285,3308],{"class":84},[44,104287,104],{"class":80},[44,104289,104290,104292,104294,104297],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,104291,95],{"class":94},[44,104293,98],{"class":80},[44,104295,104296],{"class":84},"unique_numbers",[44,104298,104],{"class":80},[20,104300,104301],{},[830,104302,107],{},[35,104304,104305],{"className":37,"code":96269,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,104306,104307],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104308,104309,104311,104313,104315,104317,104319,104321],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104310,8938],{"class":80},[44,104312,2643],{"class":1675},[44,104314,2646],{"class":80},[44,104316,2649],{"class":1675},[44,104318,2646],{"class":80},[44,104320,2104],{"class":1675},[44,104322,8969],{"class":80},[20,104324,119,104325,104327],{},[15,104326,3458],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[30,104329,104331],{"id":104330},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104333,104334,104336],{},[15,104335,3458],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104338,30208],{},[139,104340,104341,104344,104347,104350],{},[142,104342,104343],{},"A set stores unique items only",[142,104345,104346],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[142,104348,104349],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[142,104351,104352],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104354,161],{},[35,104356,104358],{"className":37,"code":104357,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104359,104360,104400,104415,104419],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104361,104362,104364,104366,104368,104370,104372,104374,104376,104378,104380,104382,104384,104386,104388,104390,104392,104394,104396,104398],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104363,12738],{"class":50},[44,104365,55],{"class":54},[44,104367,3281],{"class":80},[44,104369,362],{"class":58},[44,104371,12755],{"class":62},[44,104373,362],{"class":58},[44,104375,2646],{"class":80},[44,104377,59],{"class":58},[44,104379,12772],{"class":62},[44,104381,362],{"class":58},[44,104383,2646],{"class":80},[44,104385,59],{"class":58},[44,104387,12755],{"class":62},[44,104389,362],{"class":58},[44,104391,2646],{"class":80},[44,104393,59],{"class":58},[44,104395,17121],{"class":62},[44,104397,362],{"class":58},[44,104399,3294],{"class":80},[44,104401,104402,104405,104407,104409,104411,104413],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,104403,104404],{"class":50},"unique_colors ",[44,104406,55],{"class":54},[44,104408,15297],{"class":1461},[44,104410,98],{"class":80},[44,104412,17168],{"class":84},[44,104414,104],{"class":80},[44,104416,104417],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,104418,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,104420,104421,104423,104425,104428],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,104422,95],{"class":94},[44,104424,98],{"class":80},[44,104426,104427],{"class":84},"unique_colors",[44,104429,104],{"class":80},[20,104431,29697],{},[35,104433,104435],{"className":37,"code":104434,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104436,104437],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104438,104439,104441,104443,104445,104447,104449,104451,104453,104455,104457,104459,104461,104463],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104440,8938],{"class":80},[44,104442,655],{"class":58},[44,104444,12772],{"class":62},[44,104446,655],{"class":58},[44,104448,2646],{"class":80},[44,104450,2955],{"class":58},[44,104452,17121],{"class":62},[44,104454,655],{"class":58},[44,104456,2646],{"class":80},[44,104458,2955],{"class":58},[44,104460,12755],{"class":62},[44,104462,655],{"class":58},[44,104464,8969],{"class":80},[20,104466,1937,104467,104469],{},[15,104468,65055],{}," appears only once.",[20,104471,104472,104473,81],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[243,104474,95990],{"href":95989},[30,104476,250],{"id":249},[20,104478,1812],{},[35,104480,104482],{"className":37,"code":104481,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104483,104484],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104485,104486,104488,104490,104492],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104487,5952],{"class":1461},[44,104489,98],{"class":80},[44,104491,3381],{"class":84},[44,104493,104],{"class":80},[20,104495,104496],{},"The argument is optional.",[139,104498,104499,104502],{},[142,104500,104501],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[142,104503,104504],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104506,104507,104508,2539],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104509,3458],{},[139,104511,104512,104514,104516,104518,104522],{},[142,104513,7754],{},[142,104515,48615],{},[142,104517,60837],{},[142,104519,104520],{},[15,104521,35863],{},[142,104523,104524],{},"another set",[20,104526,1778],{},[35,104528,104530],{"className":37,"code":104529,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104531,104532,104558,104580,104598],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104533,104534,104536,104538,104540,104542,104544,104546,104548,104550,104552,104554,104556],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104535,95],{"class":94},[44,104537,98],{"class":80},[44,104539,5952],{"class":1461},[44,104541,2640],{"class":80},[44,104543,2643],{"class":1675},[44,104545,2646],{"class":80},[44,104547,2649],{"class":1675},[44,104549,2646],{"class":80},[44,104551,2649],{"class":1675},[44,104553,2646],{"class":80},[44,104555,2104],{"class":1675},[44,104557,2656],{"class":80},[44,104559,104560,104562,104564,104566,104568,104570,104572,104574,104576,104578],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,104561,95],{"class":94},[44,104563,98],{"class":80},[44,104565,5952],{"class":1461},[44,104567,5175],{"class":80},[44,104569,1982],{"class":1675},[44,104571,2646],{"class":80},[44,104573,7452],{"class":1675},[44,104575,2646],{"class":80},[44,104577,5670],{"class":1675},[44,104579,2567],{"class":80},[44,104581,104582,104584,104586,104588,104590,104592,104594,104596],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,104583,95],{"class":94},[44,104585,98],{"class":80},[44,104587,5952],{"class":1461},[44,104589,98],{"class":80},[44,104591,362],{"class":58},[44,104593,986],{"class":62},[44,104595,362],{"class":58},[44,104597,370],{"class":80},[44,104599,104600,104602,104604,104606,104608,104610,104612,104614],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,104601,95],{"class":94},[44,104603,98],{"class":80},[44,104605,5952],{"class":1461},[44,104607,98],{"class":80},[44,104609,59661],{"class":94},[44,104611,98],{"class":80},[44,104613,2158],{"class":1675},[44,104615,2567],{"class":80},[20,104617,29697],{},[35,104619,104621],{"className":37,"code":104620,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104622,104623,104639,104651,104687],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104624,104625,104627,104629,104631,104633,104635,104637],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104626,8938],{"class":80},[44,104628,2643],{"class":1675},[44,104630,2646],{"class":80},[44,104632,2649],{"class":1675},[44,104634,2646],{"class":80},[44,104636,2104],{"class":1675},[44,104638,8969],{"class":80},[44,104640,104641,104643,104645,104647,104649],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,104642,8938],{"class":80},[44,104644,1982],{"class":1675},[44,104646,2646],{"class":80},[44,104648,7452],{"class":1675},[44,104650,8969],{"class":80},[44,104652,104653,104655,104657,104659,104661,104663,104665,104667,104669,104671,104673,104675,104677,104679,104681,104683,104685],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,104654,8938],{"class":80},[44,104656,655],{"class":58},[44,104658,60101],{"class":62},[44,104660,655],{"class":58},[44,104662,2646],{"class":80},[44,104664,2955],{"class":58},[44,104666,60110],{"class":62},[44,104668,655],{"class":58},[44,104670,2646],{"class":80},[44,104672,2955],{"class":58},[44,104674,60119],{"class":62},[44,104676,655],{"class":58},[44,104678,2646],{"class":80},[44,104680,2955],{"class":58},[44,104682,60136],{"class":62},[44,104684,655],{"class":58},[44,104686,8969],{"class":80},[44,104688,104689,104691,104693,104695,104697,104699,104701,104703,104705],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,104690,8938],{"class":80},[44,104692,1772],{"class":1675},[44,104694,2646],{"class":80},[44,104696,5162],{"class":1675},[44,104698,2646],{"class":80},[44,104700,2649],{"class":1675},[44,104702,2646],{"class":80},[44,104704,2104],{"class":1675},[44,104706,8969],{"class":80},[20,104708,104709,104710,81],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[243,104711,104712],{"href":64510},"Python list() function explained",[30,104714,104716],{"id":104715},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,104718,97942],{},[35,104720,104721],{"className":37,"code":98907,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,104722,104723,104733,104743],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104724,104725,104727,104729,104731],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104726,97952],{"class":50},[44,104728,55],{"class":54},[44,104730,15297],{"class":1461},[44,104732,88],{"class":80},[44,104734,104735,104737,104739,104741],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,104736,95],{"class":94},[44,104738,98],{"class":80},[44,104740,97971],{"class":84},[44,104742,104],{"class":80},[44,104744,104745,104747,104749,104751,104753,104755],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,104746,95],{"class":94},[44,104748,98],{"class":80},[44,104750,2880],{"class":1461},[44,104752,98],{"class":80},[44,104754,97971],{"class":84},[44,104756,370],{"class":80},[20,104758,107],{},[35,104760,104761],{"className":37,"code":98950,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,104762,104763,104769],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104764,104765,104767],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104766,5952],{"class":1461},[44,104768,88],{"class":80},[44,104770,104771,104773,104775,104777,104779,104781],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,104772,2949],{"class":54},[44,104774,2952],{"class":1717},[44,104776,2955],{"class":58},[44,104778,5952],{"class":62},[44,104780,655],{"class":58},[44,104782,2962],{"class":54},[20,104784,104785],{},"This is important because:",[139,104787,104788,104793],{},[142,104789,104790,104792],{},[15,104791,3458],{}," creates an empty set",[142,104794,104795,104797,104798,104800],{},[15,104796,3453],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[830,104799,832],{}," a set",[20,104802,161],{},[35,104804,104806],{"className":37,"code":104805,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,104807,104808,104818,104826,104830,104844],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104809,104810,104812,104814,104816],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104811,2208],{"class":50},[44,104813,55],{"class":54},[44,104815,15297],{"class":1461},[44,104817,88],{"class":80},[44,104819,104820,104822,104824],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,104821,2236],{"class":50},[44,104823,55],{"class":54},[44,104825,9498],{"class":80},[44,104827,104828],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,104829,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,104831,104832,104834,104836,104838,104840,104842],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,104833,95],{"class":94},[44,104835,98],{"class":80},[44,104837,2880],{"class":1461},[44,104839,98],{"class":80},[44,104841,243],{"class":84},[44,104843,370],{"class":80},[44,104845,104846,104848,104850,104852,104854,104856],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,104847,95],{"class":94},[44,104849,98],{"class":80},[44,104851,2880],{"class":1461},[44,104853,98],{"class":80},[44,104855,842],{"class":84},[44,104857,370],{"class":80},[20,104859,107],{},[35,104861,104863],{"className":37,"code":104862,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,104864,104865,104879],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104866,104867,104869,104871,104873,104875,104877],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104868,2949],{"class":54},[44,104870,2952],{"class":1717},[44,104872,2955],{"class":58},[44,104874,5952],{"class":62},[44,104876,655],{"class":58},[44,104878,2962],{"class":54},[44,104880,104881,104883,104885,104887,104889,104891],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,104882,2949],{"class":54},[44,104884,2952],{"class":1717},[44,104886,2955],{"class":58},[44,104888,8480],{"class":62},[44,104890,655],{"class":58},[44,104892,2962],{"class":54},[20,104894,13712],{},[20,104896,104897,104898,81],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[243,104899,104154],{"href":95993},[30,104901,104903],{"id":104902},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[267,104905,104907],{"id":104906},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,104909,104910,104911,81],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,104912,3458],{},[35,104914,104916],{"className":37,"code":104915,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104917,104918,104950,104964,104968],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104919,104920,104922,104924,104926,104928,104930,104932,104934,104936,104938,104940,104942,104944,104946,104948],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104921,3276],{"class":50},[44,104923,55],{"class":54},[44,104925,3281],{"class":80},[44,104927,2643],{"class":1675},[44,104929,2646],{"class":80},[44,104931,2649],{"class":1675},[44,104933,2646],{"class":80},[44,104935,2649],{"class":1675},[44,104937,2646],{"class":80},[44,104939,2104],{"class":1675},[44,104941,2646],{"class":80},[44,104943,2104],{"class":1675},[44,104945,2646],{"class":80},[44,104947,2104],{"class":1675},[44,104949,3294],{"class":80},[44,104951,104952,104954,104956,104958,104960,104962],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,104953,1880],{"class":50},[44,104955,55],{"class":54},[44,104957,15297],{"class":1461},[44,104959,98],{"class":80},[44,104961,3308],{"class":84},[44,104963,104],{"class":80},[44,104965,104966],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,104967,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,104969,104970,104972,104974,104976],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,104971,95],{"class":94},[44,104973,98],{"class":80},[44,104975,1915],{"class":84},[44,104977,104],{"class":80},[20,104979,107],{},[35,104981,104982],{"className":37,"code":96269,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,104983,104984],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104985,104986,104988,104990,104992,104994,104996,104998],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104987,8938],{"class":80},[44,104989,2643],{"class":1675},[44,104991,2646],{"class":80},[44,104993,2649],{"class":1675},[44,104995,2646],{"class":80},[44,104997,2104],{"class":1675},[44,104999,8969],{"class":80},[20,105001,105002,105003,81],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[243,105004,98740],{"href":105005},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[267,105007,105009],{"id":105008},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[35,105011,105013],{"className":37,"code":105012,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105014,105015,105039,105053,105057],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105016,105017,105019,105021,105023,105025,105027,105029,105031,105033,105035,105037],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105018,3484],{"class":50},[44,105020,55],{"class":54},[44,105022,8896],{"class":80},[44,105024,1789],{"class":1675},[44,105026,2646],{"class":80},[44,105028,4270],{"class":1675},[44,105030,2646],{"class":80},[44,105032,5670],{"class":1675},[44,105034,2646],{"class":80},[44,105036,37602],{"class":1675},[44,105038,104],{"class":80},[44,105040,105041,105043,105045,105047,105049,105051],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,105042,1880],{"class":50},[44,105044,55],{"class":54},[44,105046,15297],{"class":1461},[44,105048,98],{"class":80},[44,105050,5022],{"class":84},[44,105052,104],{"class":80},[44,105054,105055],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,105056,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,105058,105059,105061,105063,105065],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,105060,95],{"class":94},[44,105062,98],{"class":80},[44,105064,1915],{"class":84},[44,105066,104],{"class":80},[20,105068,107],{},[35,105070,105072],{"className":37,"code":105071,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105073,105074],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105075,105076,105078,105080,105082,105084,105086,105088],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105077,8938],{"class":80},[44,105079,1789],{"class":1675},[44,105081,2646],{"class":80},[44,105083,5670],{"class":1675},[44,105085,2646],{"class":80},[44,105087,37602],{"class":1675},[44,105089,8969],{"class":80},[267,105091,105093],{"id":105092},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105095,50789,105096,105098],{},[15,105097,3458],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[35,105100,105102],{"className":37,"code":105101,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105103,105104,105116,105130,105134],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105105,105106,105108,105110,105112,105114],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105107,51],{"class":50},[44,105109,55],{"class":54},[44,105111,59],{"class":58},[44,105113,3750],{"class":62},[44,105115,66],{"class":58},[44,105117,105118,105120,105122,105124,105126,105128],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,105119,1880],{"class":50},[44,105121,55],{"class":54},[44,105123,15297],{"class":1461},[44,105125,98],{"class":80},[44,105127,194],{"class":84},[44,105129,104],{"class":80},[44,105131,105132],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,105133,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,105135,105136,105138,105140,105142],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,105137,95],{"class":94},[44,105139,98],{"class":80},[44,105141,1915],{"class":84},[44,105143,104],{"class":80},[20,105145,29697],{},[35,105147,105149],{"className":37,"code":105148,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105150,105151],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105152,105153,105155,105157,105159,105161,105163,105165,105167,105169,105171,105173,105175,105177],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105154,8938],{"class":80},[44,105156,655],{"class":58},[44,105158,842],{"class":62},[44,105160,655],{"class":58},[44,105162,2646],{"class":80},[44,105164,2955],{"class":58},[44,105166,243],{"class":62},[44,105168,655],{"class":58},[44,105170,2646],{"class":80},[44,105172,2955],{"class":58},[44,105174,75693],{"class":62},[44,105176,655],{"class":58},[44,105178,8969],{"class":80},[20,105180,105181],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[267,105183,105185],{"id":105184},"from-range","From range()",[35,105187,105189],{"className":37,"code":105188,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105190,105191,105209],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105192,105193,105195,105197,105199,105201,105203,105205,105207],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105194,1880],{"class":50},[44,105196,55],{"class":54},[44,105198,15297],{"class":1461},[44,105200,98],{"class":80},[44,105202,59661],{"class":94},[44,105204,98],{"class":80},[44,105206,1789],{"class":1675},[44,105208,370],{"class":80},[44,105210,105211,105213,105215,105217],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,105212,95],{"class":94},[44,105214,98],{"class":80},[44,105216,1915],{"class":84},[44,105218,104],{"class":80},[20,105220,107],{},[35,105222,105224],{"className":37,"code":105223,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105225,105226],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105227,105228,105230,105232,105234,105236,105238,105240,105242,105244,105246,105248],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105229,8938],{"class":80},[44,105231,1772],{"class":1675},[44,105233,2646],{"class":80},[44,105235,5162],{"class":1675},[44,105237,2646],{"class":80},[44,105239,2649],{"class":1675},[44,105241,2646],{"class":80},[44,105243,2104],{"class":1675},[44,105245,2646],{"class":80},[44,105247,2110],{"class":1675},[44,105249,8969],{"class":80},[30,105251,105253],{"id":105252},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105255,99187,105256,81],{},[830,105257,96033],{},[20,105259,105260],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105262,99193],{},[139,105264,105265,105269,105273,105277],{},[142,105266,105267],{},[15,105268,1840],{},[142,105270,105271],{},[15,105272,1462],{},[142,105274,105275],{},[15,105276,1843],{},[142,105278,105279,105281],{},[15,105280,48615],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105283,161],{},[35,105285,105287],{"className":37,"code":105286,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105288,105289,105320],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105290,105291,105293,105295,105297,105299,105301,105303,105305,105307,105309,105311,105313,105315,105317],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105292,7441],{"class":50},[44,105294,55],{"class":54},[44,105296,10151],{"class":80},[44,105298,2643],{"class":1675},[44,105300,2646],{"class":80},[44,105302,59],{"class":58},[44,105304,986],{"class":62},[44,105306,362],{"class":58},[44,105308,2646],{"class":80},[44,105310,8896],{"class":80},[44,105312,1982],{"class":1675},[44,105314,2646],{"class":80},[44,105316,7452],{"class":1675},[44,105318,105319],{"class":80},")}\n",[44,105321,105322,105324,105326,105328],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,105323,95],{"class":94},[44,105325,98],{"class":80},[44,105327,7472],{"class":84},[44,105329,104],{"class":80},[20,105331,99255,105332,105334],{},[830,105333,832],{}," work inside a set:",[139,105336,105337,105341,105345],{},[142,105338,105339],{},[15,105340,7754],{},[142,105342,105343],{},[15,105344,8480],{},[142,105346,105347],{},[15,105348,5952],{},[20,105350,96758],{},[35,105352,105354],{"className":37,"code":105353,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105355,105356],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105357,105358,105360,105362,105364,105366,105368,105370,105372,105374,105376,105378,105380],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105359,99274],{"class":50},[44,105361,55],{"class":54},[44,105363,99279],{"class":80},[44,105365,2643],{"class":1675},[44,105367,2646],{"class":80},[44,105369,2649],{"class":1675},[44,105371,17728],{"class":80},[44,105373,3281],{"class":80},[44,105375,1714],{"class":1675},[44,105377,2646],{"class":80},[44,105379,2110],{"class":1675},[44,105381,13369],{"class":80},[20,105383,76521,105384,105386],{},[15,105385,2662],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105388,105389],{},"A safer example:",[35,105391,105393],{"className":37,"code":105392,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105394,105395,105423],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105396,105397,105400,105402,105405,105407,105409,105411,105413,105415,105417,105419,105421],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105398,105399],{"class":50},"good_set ",[44,105401,55],{"class":54},[44,105403,105404],{"class":80}," {(",[44,105406,2643],{"class":1675},[44,105408,2646],{"class":80},[44,105410,2649],{"class":1675},[44,105412,8893],{"class":80},[44,105414,8896],{"class":80},[44,105416,1714],{"class":1675},[44,105418,2646],{"class":80},[44,105420,2110],{"class":1675},[44,105422,105319],{"class":80},[44,105424,105425,105427,105429,105432],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,105426,95],{"class":94},[44,105428,98],{"class":80},[44,105430,105431],{"class":84},"good_set",[44,105433,104],{"class":80},[20,105435,107],{},[35,105437,105439],{"className":37,"code":105438,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105440,105441],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105442,105443,105446,105448,105450,105452,105454,105456,105458,105460,105462],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105444,105445],{"class":80},"{(",[44,105447,2643],{"class":1675},[44,105449,2646],{"class":80},[44,105451,2649],{"class":1675},[44,105453,8893],{"class":80},[44,105455,8896],{"class":80},[44,105457,1714],{"class":1675},[44,105459,2646],{"class":80},[44,105461,2110],{"class":1675},[44,105463,105319],{"class":80},[30,105465,105467],{"id":105466},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105469,119,105470,10261],{},[15,105471,3458],{},[139,105473,105474,105477,105482,105485],{},[142,105475,105476],{},"you need unique values only",[142,105478,105479,105480],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105481,3544],{},[142,105483,105484],{},"order does not matter",[142,105486,105487],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105489,105490],{},"Example of membership checking:",[35,105492,105494],{"className":37,"code":105493,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105495,105496,105521,105525,105541],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105497,105498,105501,105503,105505,105507,105509,105511,105514,105516,105519],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105499,105500],{"class":50},"allowed_ids ",[44,105502,55],{"class":54},[44,105504,15297],{"class":1461},[44,105506,2640],{"class":80},[44,105508,46254],{"class":1675},[44,105510,2646],{"class":80},[44,105512,105513],{"class":1675}," 102",[44,105515,2646],{"class":80},[44,105517,105518],{"class":1675}," 103",[44,105520,3549],{"class":80},[44,105522,105523],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,105524,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,105526,105527,105529,105531,105534,105536,105539],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,105528,95],{"class":94},[44,105530,98],{"class":80},[44,105532,105533],{"class":1675},"102",[44,105535,20841],{"class":524},[44,105537,105538],{"class":84}," allowed_ids",[44,105540,104],{"class":80},[44,105542,105543,105545,105547,105550,105552,105554],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,105544,95],{"class":94},[44,105546,98],{"class":80},[44,105548,105549],{"class":1675},"999",[44,105551,20841],{"class":524},[44,105553,105538],{"class":84},[44,105555,104],{"class":80},[20,105557,107],{},[35,105559,105560],{"className":37,"code":43836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105561,105562,105566],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105563,105564],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105565,3641],{"class":3513},[44,105567,105568],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,105569,3702],{"class":3513},[20,105571,105572],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[30,105574,105576],{"id":105575},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105578,105579],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[267,105581,119,105583,97884],{"id":105582},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105584,3458],{},[35,105586,105587],{"className":37,"code":97945,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105588,105589,105599],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105590,105591,105593,105595,105597],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105592,97952],{"class":50},[44,105594,55],{"class":54},[44,105596,15297],{"class":1461},[44,105598,88],{"class":80},[44,105600,105601,105603,105605,105607,105609,105611],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,105602,95],{"class":94},[44,105604,98],{"class":80},[44,105606,2880],{"class":1461},[44,105608,98],{"class":80},[44,105610,97971],{"class":84},[44,105612,370],{"class":80},[20,105614,107],{},[35,105616,105617],{"className":37,"code":8511,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105618,105619],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105620,105621,105623,105625,105627,105629,105631],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105622,2949],{"class":54},[44,105624,2952],{"class":1717},[44,105626,2955],{"class":58},[44,105628,5952],{"class":62},[44,105630,655],{"class":58},[44,105632,2962],{"class":54},[267,105634,119,105636,105638],{"id":105635},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105637,99944],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[35,105640,105642],{"className":37,"code":105641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105643,105644,105664],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105645,105646,105648,105650,105652,105654,105656,105658,105660,105662],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105647,3276],{"class":50},[44,105649,55],{"class":54},[44,105651,10151],{"class":80},[44,105653,2643],{"class":1675},[44,105655,2646],{"class":80},[44,105657,2649],{"class":1675},[44,105659,2646],{"class":80},[44,105661,2104],{"class":1675},[44,105663,8969],{"class":80},[44,105665,105666,105668,105670,105672,105674,105676],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,105667,95],{"class":94},[44,105669,98],{"class":80},[44,105671,2880],{"class":1461},[44,105673,98],{"class":80},[44,105675,3308],{"class":84},[44,105677,370],{"class":80},[20,105679,107],{},[35,105681,105682],{"className":37,"code":8511,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105683,105684],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105685,105686,105688,105690,105692,105694,105696],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105687,2949],{"class":54},[44,105689,2952],{"class":1717},[44,105691,2955],{"class":58},[44,105693,5952],{"class":62},[44,105695,655],{"class":58},[44,105697,2962],{"class":54},[267,105699,119,105701,105703],{"id":105700},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,105702,3453],{}," for an empty dictionary",[35,105705,105707],{"className":37,"code":105706,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,105708,105709,105718],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105710,105711,105714,105716],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105712,105713],{"class":50},"empty_dict ",[44,105715,55],{"class":54},[44,105717,9498],{"class":80},[44,105719,105720,105722,105724,105726,105728,105731],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,105721,95],{"class":94},[44,105723,98],{"class":80},[44,105725,2880],{"class":1461},[44,105727,98],{"class":80},[44,105729,105730],{"class":84},"empty_dict",[44,105732,370],{"class":80},[20,105734,107],{},[35,105736,105737],{"className":37,"code":8467,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105738,105739],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105740,105741,105743,105745,105747,105749,105751],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105742,2949],{"class":54},[44,105744,2952],{"class":1717},[44,105746,2955],{"class":58},[44,105748,8480],{"class":62},[44,105750,655],{"class":58},[44,105752,2962],{"class":54},[20,105754,105755],{},"So the rule is simple:",[139,105757,105758,105763,105768],{},[142,105759,105760,105762],{},[15,105761,3458],{}," → empty set",[142,105764,105765,105767],{},[15,105766,99944],{}," → non-empty set",[142,105769,105770,105772],{},[15,105771,3453],{}," → empty dictionary",[30,105774,1238],{"id":1237},[20,105776,105777,105778,81],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,105779,3458],{},[267,105781,675,105782,99542],{"id":99539},[15,105783,3453],{},[20,105785,105786],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[35,105788,105789],{"className":37,"code":99548,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105790,105791,105799],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105792,105793,105795,105797],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105794,2099],{"class":50},[44,105796,55],{"class":54},[44,105798,9498],{"class":80},[44,105800,105801,105803,105805,105807,105809,105811],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,105802,95],{"class":94},[44,105804,98],{"class":80},[44,105806,2880],{"class":1461},[44,105808,98],{"class":80},[44,105810,2126],{"class":84},[44,105812,370],{"class":80},[267,105814,105816,105817],{"id":105815},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,105818,105819],{},"set(5)",[20,105821,105822,105824],{},[15,105823,3458],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[35,105826,105828],{"className":37,"code":105827,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set(5)\n",[15,105829,105830],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105831,105832,105834,105836,105838],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105833,5952],{"class":1461},[44,105835,98],{"class":80},[44,105837,1789],{"class":1675},[44,105839,104],{"class":80},[20,105841,2659,105842,105844,105845,81],{},[15,105843,2662],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[243,105846,105848],{"href":105847},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[267,105850,105852],{"id":105851},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,105854,105855],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[35,105857,105859],{"className":37,"code":105858,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105860,105861],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105862,105863,105865,105867,105869,105871,105873,105875,105877,105879,105881,105883,105885],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105864,2099],{"class":50},[44,105866,55],{"class":54},[44,105868,99279],{"class":80},[44,105870,2643],{"class":1675},[44,105872,2646],{"class":80},[44,105874,2649],{"class":1675},[44,105876,17728],{"class":80},[44,105878,3281],{"class":80},[44,105880,1714],{"class":1675},[44,105882,2646],{"class":80},[44,105884,2110],{"class":1675},[44,105886,13369],{"class":80},[267,105888,1246,105890,105892],{"id":105889},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,105891,3458],{}," to keep the original order",[20,105894,105895],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[267,105897,36869,105899,8363,105901,2532,105903],{"id":105898},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,105900,3458],{},[15,105902,24448],{},[15,105904,8779],{},[20,105906,105907],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[30,105909,60373],{"id":60372},[20,105911,10773],{},[35,105913,105915],{"className":37,"code":105914,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,105916,105917,105932,105942,105956],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105918,105919,105921,105923,105925,105927,105930],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105920,95],{"class":94},[44,105922,98],{"class":80},[44,105924,2880],{"class":1461},[44,105926,98],{"class":80},[44,105928,105929],{"class":84},"my_value",[44,105931,370],{"class":80},[44,105933,105934,105936,105938,105940],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,105935,95],{"class":94},[44,105937,98],{"class":80},[44,105939,105929],{"class":84},[44,105941,104],{"class":80},[44,105943,105944,105946,105948,105950,105952,105954],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,105945,95],{"class":94},[44,105947,98],{"class":80},[44,105949,7754],{"class":1461},[44,105951,98],{"class":80},[44,105953,15330],{"class":84},[44,105955,370],{"class":80},[44,105957,105958,105960,105962,105964,105966,105968],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,105959,95],{"class":94},[44,105961,98],{"class":80},[44,105963,10822],{"class":94},[44,105965,98],{"class":80},[44,105967,15330],{"class":84},[44,105969,370],{"class":80},[20,105971,105972],{},"What they help you see:",[139,105974,105975,105981,105986,105992],{},[142,105976,105977,105980],{},[15,105978,105979],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[142,105982,105983,90208],{},[15,105984,105985],{},"print(my_value)",[142,105987,105988,105991],{},[15,105989,105990],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[142,105993,105994,105997],{},[15,105995,105996],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[30,105999,1478],{"id":1477},[267,106001,106003],{"id":106002},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106005,106006],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[267,106008,106010],{"id":106009},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106012,119,106013,106015,106016,106018],{},[15,106014,3458],{},". Do not use ",[15,106017,3453],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[267,106020,106022],{"id":106021},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106024,106025],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[267,106027,106029],{"id":106028},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106031,106032],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106034,161],{},[35,106036,106038],{"className":37,"code":106037,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106039,106040],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106041,106042,106044,106046,106048,106050,106052,106054,106056],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106043,95],{"class":94},[44,106045,98],{"class":80},[44,106047,5952],{"class":1461},[44,106049,98],{"class":80},[44,106051,362],{"class":58},[44,106053,3741],{"class":62},[44,106055,362],{"class":58},[44,106057,370],{"class":80},[20,106059,29697],{},[35,106061,106063],{"className":37,"code":106062,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106064,106065],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106066,106067,106069,106071,106073,106075,106077,106079,106081,106083,106085,106087,106089,106091,106093,106095,106097,106099],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106068,8938],{"class":80},[44,106070,655],{"class":58},[44,106072,243],{"class":62},[44,106074,655],{"class":58},[44,106076,2646],{"class":80},[44,106078,2955],{"class":58},[44,106080,20],{"class":62},[44,106082,655],{"class":58},[44,106084,2646],{"class":80},[44,106086,2955],{"class":58},[44,106088,60119],{"class":62},[44,106090,655],{"class":58},[44,106092,2646],{"class":80},[44,106094,2955],{"class":58},[44,106096,60110],{"class":62},[44,106098,655],{"class":58},[44,106100,8969],{"class":80},[267,106102,4820,106104,106107],{"id":106103},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106105,106106],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106109,106110,28353,106112,106115],{},[15,106111,3458],{},[830,106113,106114],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106117,106118],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[35,106120,106122],{"className":37,"code":106121,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106123,106124],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106125,106126,106128,106130,106132,106134,106136,106138,106140,106142,106144,106146,106148],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106127,95],{"class":94},[44,106129,98],{"class":80},[44,106131,5952],{"class":1461},[44,106133,2640],{"class":80},[44,106135,2643],{"class":1675},[44,106137,2646],{"class":80},[44,106139,2649],{"class":1675},[44,106141,2646],{"class":80},[44,106143,2104],{"class":1675},[44,106145,2646],{"class":80},[44,106147,2110],{"class":1675},[44,106149,2656],{"class":80},[30,106151,1545],{"id":1544},[139,106153,106154,106158,106162,106166,106170],{},[142,106155,106156],{},[243,106157,95990],{"href":95989},[142,106159,106160],{},[243,106161,104154],{"href":95993},[142,106163,106164],{},[243,106165,100006],{"href":105005},[142,106167,106168],{},[243,106169,104712],{"href":64510},[142,106171,106172],{},[243,106173,105848],{"href":105847},[1577,106175,106176],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":106178},[106179,106180,106181,106182,106183,106189,106190,106191,106199,106209,106210,106218],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":104330,"depth":69,"text":104331},{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":104715,"depth":69,"text":104716},{"id":104902,"depth":69,"text":104903,"children":106184},[106185,106186,106187,106188],{"id":104906,"depth":91,"text":104907},{"id":105008,"depth":91,"text":105009},{"id":105092,"depth":91,"text":105093},{"id":105184,"depth":91,"text":105185},{"id":105252,"depth":69,"text":105253},{"id":105466,"depth":69,"text":105467},{"id":105575,"depth":69,"text":105576,"children":106192},[106193,106195,106197],{"id":105582,"depth":91,"text":106194},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105635,"depth":91,"text":106196},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105700,"depth":91,"text":106198},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238,"children":106200},[106201,106202,106204,106205,106207],{"id":99539,"depth":91,"text":100047},{"id":105815,"depth":91,"text":106203},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":105851,"depth":91,"text":105852},{"id":105889,"depth":91,"text":106206},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":105898,"depth":91,"text":106208},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60372,"depth":69,"text":60373},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":106211},[106212,106213,106214,106215,106216],{"id":106002,"depth":91,"text":106003},{"id":106009,"depth":91,"text":106010},{"id":106021,"depth":91,"text":106022},{"id":106028,"depth":91,"text":106029},{"id":106103,"depth":91,"text":106217},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104212,"description":106219},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106226,"title":106227,"body":106228,"description":107743,"extension":1611,"meta":107744,"navigation":184,"path":107745,"seo":107746,"stem":107747,"__hash__":107748},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106229,"toc":107719},[106230,106236,106241,106244,106327,106332,106337,106342,106344,106357,106361,106363,106382,106385,106408,106411,106422,106424,106505,106507,106524,106526,106532,106535,106630,106632,106663,106665,106673,106675,106678,106789,106791,106816,106818,106840,106845,106850,106856,106965,106967,106983,106986,106989,107072,107074,107091,107099,107101,107105,107111,107202,107204,107237,107242,107249,107326,107328,107345,107351,107353,107357,107373,107376,107402,107404,107465,107467,107590,107592,107643,107649,107651,107656,107658,107664,107667,107671,107674,107678,107681,107691,107693,107716],[10,106231,3234,106233,18],{"id":106232},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106234,106235],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106237,1628,106238,106240],{},[15,106239,106235],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106242,106243],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[35,106245,106247],{"className":37,"code":106246,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106248,106249,106269,106289,106293,106312,106322],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106250,106251,106253,106255,106257,106259,106261,106263,106265,106267],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106252,2208],{"class":50},[44,106254,55],{"class":54},[44,106256,10151],{"class":80},[44,106258,2643],{"class":1675},[44,106260,2646],{"class":80},[44,106262,2649],{"class":1675},[44,106264,2646],{"class":80},[44,106266,2104],{"class":1675},[44,106268,8969],{"class":80},[44,106270,106271,106273,106275,106277,106279,106281,106283,106285,106287],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,106272,2236],{"class":50},[44,106274,55],{"class":54},[44,106276,10151],{"class":80},[44,106278,1708],{"class":1675},[44,106280,2646],{"class":80},[44,106282,2104],{"class":1675},[44,106284,2646],{"class":80},[44,106286,2110],{"class":1675},[44,106288,8969],{"class":80},[44,106290,106291],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,106292,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,106294,106295,106297,106299,106301,106303,106306,106308,106310],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,106296,1880],{"class":50},[44,106298,55],{"class":54},[44,106300,56549],{"class":50},[44,106302,81],{"class":80},[44,106304,106305],{"class":84},"intersection",[44,106307,98],{"class":80},[44,106309,842],{"class":84},[44,106311,104],{"class":80},[44,106313,106314,106316,106318,106320],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,106315,95],{"class":94},[44,106317,98],{"class":80},[44,106319,1915],{"class":84},[44,106321,104],{"class":80},[44,106323,106324],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,106325,106326],{"class":3324},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106328,119,106329,106331],{},[15,106330,102453],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[30,106333,12659,106335,12662],{"id":106334},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106336,102453],{},[20,106338,106339,106341],{},[15,106340,102453],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106343,137],{},[139,106345,106346,106349,106351,106354],{},[142,106347,106348],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[142,106350,100223],{},[142,106352,106353],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[142,106355,106356],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106358,95986,106359,81],{},[243,106360,95990],{"href":95989},[30,106362,250],{"id":249},[35,106364,106366],{"className":37,"code":106365,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106367,106368],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106369,106370,106372,106374,106376,106378,106380],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106371,100247],{"class":50},[44,106373,81],{"class":80},[44,106375,106305],{"class":84},[44,106377,98],{"class":80},[44,106379,100256],{"class":84},[44,106381,104],{"class":80},[20,106383,106384],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[35,106386,106388],{"className":37,"code":106387,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106389,106390],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106391,106392,106394,106396,106398,106400,106402,106404,106406],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106393,100247],{"class":50},[44,106395,81],{"class":80},[44,106397,106305],{"class":84},[44,106399,98],{"class":80},[44,106401,100256],{"class":84},[44,106403,2646],{"class":80},[44,106405,100283],{"class":84},[44,106407,104],{"class":80},[20,106409,106410],{},"Important notes:",[139,106412,106413,106416,106419],{},[142,106414,106415],{},"The result is always a new set",[142,106417,106418],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[142,106420,106421],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106423,161],{},[35,106425,106427],{"className":37,"code":106426,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106428,106429,106453,106473,106477,106495],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106430,106431,106433,106435,106437,106439,106441,106443,106445,106447,106449,106451],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106432,2208],{"class":50},[44,106434,55],{"class":54},[44,106436,10151],{"class":80},[44,106438,2643],{"class":1675},[44,106440,2646],{"class":80},[44,106442,2649],{"class":1675},[44,106444,2646],{"class":80},[44,106446,2104],{"class":1675},[44,106448,2646],{"class":80},[44,106450,2110],{"class":1675},[44,106452,8969],{"class":80},[44,106454,106455,106457,106459,106461,106463,106465,106467,106469,106471],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,106456,2236],{"class":50},[44,106458,55],{"class":54},[44,106460,10151],{"class":80},[44,106462,1714],{"class":1675},[44,106464,2646],{"class":80},[44,106466,2110],{"class":1675},[44,106468,2646],{"class":80},[44,106470,4270],{"class":1675},[44,106472,8969],{"class":80},[44,106474,106475],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,106476,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,106478,106479,106481,106483,106485,106487,106489,106491,106493],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,106480,1880],{"class":50},[44,106482,55],{"class":54},[44,106484,56549],{"class":50},[44,106486,81],{"class":80},[44,106488,106305],{"class":84},[44,106490,98],{"class":80},[44,106492,842],{"class":84},[44,106494,104],{"class":80},[44,106496,106497,106499,106501,106503],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,106498,95],{"class":94},[44,106500,98],{"class":80},[44,106502,1915],{"class":84},[44,106504,104],{"class":80},[20,106506,107],{},[35,106508,106510],{"className":37,"code":106509,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106511,106512],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106513,106514,106516,106518,106520,106522],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106515,8938],{"class":80},[44,106517,1714],{"class":1675},[44,106519,2646],{"class":80},[44,106521,2110],{"class":1675},[44,106523,8969],{"class":80},[30,106525,17084],{"id":17083},[20,106527,106528,21642,106530,81],{},[15,106529,102453],{},[830,106531,5952],{},[20,106533,106534],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[35,106536,106538],{"className":37,"code":106537,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106539,106540,106560,106580,106584,106602,106606,106616],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106541,106542,106544,106546,106548,106550,106552,106554,106556,106558],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106543,2208],{"class":50},[44,106545,55],{"class":54},[44,106547,10151],{"class":80},[44,106549,2643],{"class":1675},[44,106551,2646],{"class":80},[44,106553,2649],{"class":1675},[44,106555,2646],{"class":80},[44,106557,2104],{"class":1675},[44,106559,8969],{"class":80},[44,106561,106562,106564,106566,106568,106570,106572,106574,106576,106578],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,106563,2236],{"class":50},[44,106565,55],{"class":54},[44,106567,10151],{"class":80},[44,106569,1708],{"class":1675},[44,106571,2646],{"class":80},[44,106573,2104],{"class":1675},[44,106575,2646],{"class":80},[44,106577,2110],{"class":1675},[44,106579,8969],{"class":80},[44,106581,106582],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,106583,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,106585,106586,106588,106590,106592,106594,106596,106598,106600],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,106587,1880],{"class":50},[44,106589,55],{"class":54},[44,106591,56549],{"class":50},[44,106593,81],{"class":80},[44,106595,106305],{"class":84},[44,106597,98],{"class":80},[44,106599,842],{"class":84},[44,106601,104],{"class":80},[44,106603,106604],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,106605,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,106607,106608,106610,106612,106614],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,106609,95],{"class":94},[44,106611,98],{"class":80},[44,106613,1915],{"class":84},[44,106615,104],{"class":80},[44,106617,106618,106620,106622,106624,106626,106628],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,106619,95],{"class":94},[44,106621,98],{"class":80},[44,106623,2880],{"class":1461},[44,106625,98],{"class":80},[44,106627,1915],{"class":84},[44,106629,370],{"class":80},[20,106631,107],{},[35,106633,106635],{"className":37,"code":106634,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106636,106637,106649],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106638,106639,106641,106643,106645,106647],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106640,8938],{"class":80},[44,106642,1708],{"class":1675},[44,106644,2646],{"class":80},[44,106646,2104],{"class":1675},[44,106648,8969],{"class":80},[44,106650,106651,106653,106655,106657,106659,106661],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,106652,2949],{"class":54},[44,106654,2952],{"class":1717},[44,106656,2955],{"class":58},[44,106658,5952],{"class":62},[44,106660,655],{"class":58},[44,106662,2962],{"class":54},[20,106664,85473],{},[139,106666,106667,106670],{},[142,106668,106669],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[142,106671,106672],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[30,106674,11136],{"id":11135},[20,106676,106677],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[35,106679,106681],{"className":37,"code":106680,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,106682,106683,106716,106749,106753,106774,106778],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106684,106685,106688,106690,106692,106694,106696,106698,106700,106702,106704,106706,106708,106710,106712,106714],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106686,106687],{"class":50},"colors1 ",[44,106689,55],{"class":54},[44,106691,10151],{"class":80},[44,106693,362],{"class":58},[44,106695,12755],{"class":62},[44,106697,362],{"class":58},[44,106699,2646],{"class":80},[44,106701,59],{"class":58},[44,106703,12772],{"class":62},[44,106705,362],{"class":58},[44,106707,2646],{"class":80},[44,106709,59],{"class":58},[44,106711,17121],{"class":62},[44,106713,362],{"class":58},[44,106715,8969],{"class":80},[44,106717,106718,106721,106723,106725,106727,106729,106731,106733,106735,106737,106739,106741,106743,106745,106747],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,106719,106720],{"class":50},"colors2 ",[44,106722,55],{"class":54},[44,106724,10151],{"class":80},[44,106726,362],{"class":58},[44,106728,17121],{"class":62},[44,106730,362],{"class":58},[44,106732,2646],{"class":80},[44,106734,59],{"class":58},[44,106736,22191],{"class":62},[44,106738,362],{"class":58},[44,106740,2646],{"class":80},[44,106742,59],{"class":58},[44,106744,12772],{"class":62},[44,106746,362],{"class":58},[44,106748,8969],{"class":80},[44,106750,106751],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,106752,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,106754,106755,106758,106760,106763,106765,106767,106769,106772],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,106756,106757],{"class":50},"common_colors ",[44,106759,55],{"class":54},[44,106761,106762],{"class":50}," colors1",[44,106764,81],{"class":80},[44,106766,106305],{"class":84},[44,106768,98],{"class":80},[44,106770,106771],{"class":84},"colors2",[44,106773,104],{"class":80},[44,106775,106776],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,106777,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,106779,106780,106782,106784,106787],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,106781,95],{"class":94},[44,106783,98],{"class":80},[44,106785,106786],{"class":84},"common_colors",[44,106788,104],{"class":80},[20,106790,107],{},[35,106792,106794],{"className":37,"code":106793,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,106795,106796],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106797,106798,106800,106802,106804,106806,106808,106810,106812,106814],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106799,8938],{"class":80},[44,106801,655],{"class":58},[44,106803,12772],{"class":62},[44,106805,655],{"class":58},[44,106807,2646],{"class":80},[44,106809,2955],{"class":58},[44,106811,17121],{"class":62},[44,106813,655],{"class":58},[44,106815,8969],{"class":80},[20,106817,11345],{},[139,106819,106820,106826,106830,106835],{},[142,106821,106822,106825],{},[15,106823,106824],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[142,106827,106828,106825],{},[15,106829,106771],{},[142,106831,106832,106834],{},[15,106833,102453],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[142,106836,106837,106838],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,106839,106786],{},[30,106841,675,106843,100820],{"id":106842},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,106844,102453],{},[20,106846,106847,106848,81],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,106849,102453],{},[20,106851,106852,106853,106855],{},"Only the values found in ",[830,106854,3376],{}," inputs will be kept.",[35,106857,106859],{"className":37,"code":106858,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106860,106861,106885,106909,106929,106933,106955],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106862,106863,106865,106867,106869,106871,106873,106875,106877,106879,106881,106883],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106864,2208],{"class":50},[44,106866,55],{"class":54},[44,106868,10151],{"class":80},[44,106870,2643],{"class":1675},[44,106872,2646],{"class":80},[44,106874,2649],{"class":1675},[44,106876,2646],{"class":80},[44,106878,2104],{"class":1675},[44,106880,2646],{"class":80},[44,106882,2110],{"class":1675},[44,106884,8969],{"class":80},[44,106886,106887,106889,106891,106893,106895,106897,106899,106901,106903,106905,106907],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,106888,2236],{"class":50},[44,106890,55],{"class":54},[44,106892,10151],{"class":80},[44,106894,1708],{"class":1675},[44,106896,2646],{"class":80},[44,106898,2104],{"class":1675},[44,106900,2646],{"class":80},[44,106902,2110],{"class":1675},[44,106904,2646],{"class":80},[44,106906,4270],{"class":1675},[44,106908,8969],{"class":80},[44,106910,106911,106913,106915,106917,106919,106921,106923,106925,106927],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,106912,82849],{"class":50},[44,106914,55],{"class":54},[44,106916,10151],{"class":80},[44,106918,1714],{"class":1675},[44,106920,2646],{"class":80},[44,106922,2110],{"class":1675},[44,106924,2646],{"class":80},[44,106926,37309],{"class":1675},[44,106928,8969],{"class":80},[44,106930,106931],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,106932,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,106934,106935,106937,106939,106941,106943,106945,106947,106949,106951,106953],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,106936,1880],{"class":50},[44,106938,55],{"class":54},[44,106940,56549],{"class":50},[44,106942,81],{"class":80},[44,106944,106305],{"class":84},[44,106946,98],{"class":80},[44,106948,842],{"class":84},[44,106950,2646],{"class":80},[44,106952,9342],{"class":84},[44,106954,104],{"class":80},[44,106956,106957,106959,106961,106963],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,106958,95],{"class":94},[44,106960,98],{"class":80},[44,106962,1915],{"class":84},[44,106964,104],{"class":80},[20,106966,107],{},[35,106968,106969],{"className":37,"code":106509,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,106970,106971],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106972,106973,106975,106977,106979,106981],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106974,8938],{"class":80},[44,106976,1714],{"class":1675},[44,106978,2646],{"class":80},[44,106980,2110],{"class":1675},[44,106982,8969],{"class":80},[20,106984,106985],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,106987,106988],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[35,106990,106992],{"className":37,"code":106991,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,106993,106994,107018,107022,107062],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106995,106996,106998,107000,107002,107004,107006,107008,107010,107012,107014,107016],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106997,2208],{"class":50},[44,106999,55],{"class":54},[44,107001,10151],{"class":80},[44,107003,2643],{"class":1675},[44,107005,2646],{"class":80},[44,107007,2649],{"class":1675},[44,107009,2646],{"class":80},[44,107011,2104],{"class":1675},[44,107013,2646],{"class":80},[44,107015,2110],{"class":1675},[44,107017,8969],{"class":80},[44,107019,107020],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,107021,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,107023,107024,107026,107028,107030,107032,107034,107036,107038,107040,107042,107044,107046,107048,107050,107052,107054,107056,107058,107060],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,107025,1880],{"class":50},[44,107027,55],{"class":54},[44,107029,56549],{"class":50},[44,107031,81],{"class":80},[44,107033,106305],{"class":84},[44,107035,2640],{"class":80},[44,107037,1708],{"class":1675},[44,107039,2646],{"class":80},[44,107041,2110],{"class":1675},[44,107043,2646],{"class":80},[44,107045,37309],{"class":1675},[44,107047,17728],{"class":80},[44,107049,8896],{"class":80},[44,107051,2643],{"class":1675},[44,107053,2646],{"class":80},[44,107055,2649],{"class":1675},[44,107057,2646],{"class":80},[44,107059,2110],{"class":1675},[44,107061,370],{"class":80},[44,107063,107064,107066,107068,107070],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,107065,95],{"class":94},[44,107067,98],{"class":80},[44,107069,1915],{"class":84},[44,107071,104],{"class":80},[20,107073,107],{},[35,107075,107077],{"className":37,"code":107076,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107078,107079],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107080,107081,107083,107085,107087,107089],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107082,8938],{"class":80},[44,107084,1708],{"class":1675},[44,107086,2646],{"class":80},[44,107088,2110],{"class":1675},[44,107090,8969],{"class":80},[30,107092,107094,866,107096],{"id":107093},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107095,102453],{},[15,107097,107098],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107100,100990],{},[267,107102,107103],{"id":106305},[15,107104,102453],{},[139,107106,107107,107109],{},[142,107108,100999],{},[142,107110,101002],{},[35,107112,107114],{"className":37,"code":107113,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107115,107116,107136,107156,107160,107178,107182,107192],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107117,107118,107120,107122,107124,107126,107128,107130,107132,107134],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107119,2208],{"class":50},[44,107121,55],{"class":54},[44,107123,10151],{"class":80},[44,107125,2643],{"class":1675},[44,107127,2646],{"class":80},[44,107129,2649],{"class":1675},[44,107131,2646],{"class":80},[44,107133,2104],{"class":1675},[44,107135,8969],{"class":80},[44,107137,107138,107140,107142,107144,107146,107148,107150,107152,107154],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,107139,2236],{"class":50},[44,107141,55],{"class":54},[44,107143,10151],{"class":80},[44,107145,1708],{"class":1675},[44,107147,2646],{"class":80},[44,107149,2104],{"class":1675},[44,107151,2646],{"class":80},[44,107153,2110],{"class":1675},[44,107155,8969],{"class":80},[44,107157,107158],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,107159,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,107161,107162,107164,107166,107168,107170,107172,107174,107176],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,107163,1880],{"class":50},[44,107165,55],{"class":54},[44,107167,56549],{"class":50},[44,107169,81],{"class":80},[44,107171,106305],{"class":84},[44,107173,98],{"class":80},[44,107175,842],{"class":84},[44,107177,104],{"class":80},[44,107179,107180],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,107181,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,107183,107184,107186,107188,107190],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,107185,95],{"class":94},[44,107187,98],{"class":80},[44,107189,243],{"class":84},[44,107191,104],{"class":80},[44,107193,107194,107196,107198,107200],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,107195,95],{"class":94},[44,107197,98],{"class":80},[44,107199,1915],{"class":84},[44,107201,104],{"class":80},[20,107203,107],{},[35,107205,107207],{"className":37,"code":107206,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107208,107209,107225],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107210,107211,107213,107215,107217,107219,107221,107223],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107212,8938],{"class":80},[44,107214,2643],{"class":1675},[44,107216,2646],{"class":80},[44,107218,2649],{"class":1675},[44,107220,2646],{"class":80},[44,107222,2104],{"class":1675},[44,107224,8969],{"class":80},[44,107226,107227,107229,107231,107233,107235],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,107228,8938],{"class":80},[44,107230,1708],{"class":1675},[44,107232,2646],{"class":80},[44,107234,2104],{"class":1675},[44,107236,8969],{"class":80},[267,107238,107240],{"id":107239},"intersection_update",[15,107241,107098],{},[139,107243,107244,107246],{},[142,107245,101142],{},[142,107247,107248],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[35,107250,107252],{"className":37,"code":107251,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107253,107254,107274,107294,107298,107312,107316],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107255,107256,107258,107260,107262,107264,107266,107268,107270,107272],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107257,2208],{"class":50},[44,107259,55],{"class":54},[44,107261,10151],{"class":80},[44,107263,2643],{"class":1675},[44,107265,2646],{"class":80},[44,107267,2649],{"class":1675},[44,107269,2646],{"class":80},[44,107271,2104],{"class":1675},[44,107273,8969],{"class":80},[44,107275,107276,107278,107280,107282,107284,107286,107288,107290,107292],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,107277,2236],{"class":50},[44,107279,55],{"class":54},[44,107281,10151],{"class":80},[44,107283,1708],{"class":1675},[44,107285,2646],{"class":80},[44,107287,2104],{"class":1675},[44,107289,2646],{"class":80},[44,107291,2110],{"class":1675},[44,107293,8969],{"class":80},[44,107295,107296],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,107297,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,107299,107300,107302,107304,107306,107308,107310],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,107301,243],{"class":50},[44,107303,81],{"class":80},[44,107305,107239],{"class":84},[44,107307,98],{"class":80},[44,107309,842],{"class":84},[44,107311,104],{"class":80},[44,107313,107314],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,107315,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,107317,107318,107320,107322,107324],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,107319,95],{"class":94},[44,107321,98],{"class":80},[44,107323,243],{"class":84},[44,107325,104],{"class":80},[20,107327,107],{},[35,107329,107331],{"className":37,"code":107330,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107332,107333],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107334,107335,107337,107339,107341,107343],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107336,8938],{"class":80},[44,107338,1708],{"class":1675},[44,107340,2646],{"class":80},[44,107342,2104],{"class":1675},[44,107344,8969],{"class":80},[20,107346,107347,107348,107350],{},"Choose ",[15,107349,102453],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[30,107352,4183],{"id":4182},[20,107354,14396,107355,2539],{},[15,107356,102453],{},[139,107358,107359,107362,107365,107368],{},[142,107360,107361],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[142,107363,107364],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[142,107366,107367],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[142,107369,107370,107371],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107372,102453],{},[20,107374,107375],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[139,107377,107378,107383,107386,107399],{},[142,107379,675,107380,107382],{},[15,107381,102453],{}," when order matters",[142,107384,107385],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[142,107387,36869,107388,8363,107390,2532,107395],{},[15,107389,102453],{},[243,107391,107393],{"href":107392},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107394,102461],{},[243,107396,107397],{"href":102502},[15,107398,100076],{},[142,107400,107401],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107403,29803],{},[35,107405,107407],{"className":37,"code":107406,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107408,107409,107419,107433,107451],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107410,107411,107413,107415,107417],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107412,95],{"class":94},[44,107414,98],{"class":80},[44,107416,15330],{"class":84},[44,107418,104],{"class":80},[44,107420,107421,107423,107425,107427,107429,107431],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,107422,95],{"class":94},[44,107424,98],{"class":80},[44,107426,2880],{"class":1461},[44,107428,98],{"class":80},[44,107430,1915],{"class":84},[44,107432,370],{"class":80},[44,107434,107435,107437,107439,107441,107443,107445,107447,107449],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,107436,95],{"class":94},[44,107438,98],{"class":80},[44,107440,100247],{"class":84},[44,107442,81],{"class":80},[44,107444,106305],{"class":84},[44,107446,98],{"class":80},[44,107448,100256],{"class":84},[44,107450,370],{"class":80},[44,107452,107453,107455,107457,107459,107461,107463],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,107454,95],{"class":94},[44,107456,98],{"class":80},[44,107458,10822],{"class":94},[44,107460,98],{"class":80},[44,107462,1915],{"class":84},[44,107464,370],{"class":80},[20,107466,161],{},[35,107468,107470],{"className":37,"code":107469,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107471,107472,107496,107516,107520,107538,107542,107552,107562,107576],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107473,107474,107476,107478,107480,107482,107484,107486,107488,107490,107492,107494],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107475,3276],{"class":50},[44,107477,55],{"class":54},[44,107479,10151],{"class":80},[44,107481,2643],{"class":1675},[44,107483,2646],{"class":80},[44,107485,2649],{"class":1675},[44,107487,2646],{"class":80},[44,107489,2649],{"class":1675},[44,107491,2646],{"class":80},[44,107493,2104],{"class":1675},[44,107495,8969],{"class":80},[44,107497,107498,107500,107502,107504,107506,107508,107510,107512,107514],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,107499,43211],{"class":50},[44,107501,55],{"class":54},[44,107503,10151],{"class":80},[44,107505,1708],{"class":1675},[44,107507,2646],{"class":80},[44,107509,2104],{"class":1675},[44,107511,2646],{"class":80},[44,107513,2110],{"class":1675},[44,107515,8969],{"class":80},[44,107517,107518],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,107519,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,107521,107522,107524,107526,107528,107530,107532,107534,107536],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,107523,1880],{"class":50},[44,107525,55],{"class":54},[44,107527,3926],{"class":50},[44,107529,81],{"class":80},[44,107531,106305],{"class":84},[44,107533,98],{"class":80},[44,107535,30411],{"class":84},[44,107537,104],{"class":80},[44,107539,107540],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,107541,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,107543,107544,107546,107548,107550],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,107545,95],{"class":94},[44,107547,98],{"class":80},[44,107549,3308],{"class":84},[44,107551,104],{"class":80},[44,107553,107554,107556,107558,107560],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,107555,95],{"class":94},[44,107557,98],{"class":80},[44,107559,1915],{"class":84},[44,107561,104],{"class":80},[44,107563,107564,107566,107568,107570,107572,107574],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,107565,95],{"class":94},[44,107567,98],{"class":80},[44,107569,2880],{"class":1461},[44,107571,98],{"class":80},[44,107573,1915],{"class":84},[44,107575,370],{"class":80},[44,107577,107578,107580,107582,107584,107586,107588],{"class":46,"line":6095},[44,107579,95],{"class":94},[44,107581,98],{"class":80},[44,107583,10822],{"class":94},[44,107585,98],{"class":80},[44,107587,1915],{"class":84},[44,107589,370],{"class":80},[20,107591,107],{},[35,107593,107595],{"className":37,"code":107594,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107596,107597,107613,107625,107639],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107598,107599,107601,107603,107605,107607,107609,107611],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107600,8938],{"class":80},[44,107602,2643],{"class":1675},[44,107604,2646],{"class":80},[44,107606,2649],{"class":1675},[44,107608,2646],{"class":80},[44,107610,2104],{"class":1675},[44,107612,8969],{"class":80},[44,107614,107615,107617,107619,107621,107623],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,107616,8938],{"class":80},[44,107618,1708],{"class":1675},[44,107620,2646],{"class":80},[44,107622,2104],{"class":1675},[44,107624,8969],{"class":80},[44,107626,107627,107629,107631,107633,107635,107637],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,107628,2949],{"class":54},[44,107630,2952],{"class":1717},[44,107632,2955],{"class":58},[44,107634,5952],{"class":62},[44,107636,655],{"class":58},[44,107638,2962],{"class":54},[44,107640,107641],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,107642,16721],{"class":1675},[20,107644,107645,107646,107648],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107647,1708],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[30,107650,1478],{"id":1477},[267,107652,1482,107654,102401],{"id":107653},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,107655,102453],{},[20,107657,102404],{},[267,107659,4832,107661,107663],{"id":107660},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,107662,102453],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,107665,107666],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[267,107668,107670],{"id":107669},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,107672,107673],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[267,107675,107677],{"id":107676},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,107679,107680],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[35,107682,107683],{"className":37,"code":97120,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,107684,107685],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107686,107687,107689],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107688,5952],{"class":1461},[44,107690,88],{"class":80},[30,107692,1545],{"id":1544},[139,107694,107695,107699,107706,107712],{},[142,107696,107697],{},[243,107698,95990],{"href":95989},[142,107700,107701],{},[243,107702,3234,107703,1555],{"href":107392},[15,107704,107705],{},"set.union()",[142,107707,107708],{},[243,107709,3234,107710,1555],{"href":102502},[15,107711,100081],{},[142,107713,107714],{},[243,107715,100006],{"href":105005},[1577,107717,107718],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":107720},[107721,107723,107724,107725,107726,107728,107733,107734,107742],{"id":106334,"depth":69,"text":107722},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":17083,"depth":69,"text":17084},{"id":11135,"depth":69,"text":11136},{"id":106842,"depth":69,"text":107727},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107093,"depth":69,"text":107729,"children":107730},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107731,107732],{"id":106305,"depth":91,"text":102453},{"id":107239,"depth":91,"text":107098},{"id":4182,"depth":69,"text":4183},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":107735},[107736,107738,107740,107741],{"id":107653,"depth":91,"text":107737},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107660,"depth":91,"text":107739},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107669,"depth":91,"text":107670},{"id":107676,"depth":91,"text":107677},{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106227,"description":107743},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107750,"title":107751,"body":107752,"description":108986,"extension":1611,"meta":108987,"navigation":184,"path":108988,"seo":108989,"stem":108990,"__hash__":108991},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107753,"toc":108953},[107754,107759,107765,107774,107776,107851,107856,107871,107881,107886,107890,107903,107907,107909,107924,107926,107942,107944,108019,108021,108024,108026,108043,108048,108103,108108,108120,108124,108127,108228,108230,108271,108274,108278,108285,108287,108312,108315,108333,108340,108346,108349,108431,108438,108441,108521,108530,108533,108538,108542,108556,108605,108610,108614,108625,108674,108685,108690,108694,108706,108755,108766,108768,108772,108795,108797,108854,108856,108870,108872,108878,108884,108890,108899,108903,108910,108914,108922,108924,108950],[10,107755,95862,107757,18],{"id":107756},"python-set-pop-method",[15,107758,12425],{},[20,107760,107761,107764],{},[15,107762,107763],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,107766,107767,107768,107770,107771,107773],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[830,107769,832],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,107772,12425],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[30,107775,1653],{"id":1652},[35,107777,107779],{"className":37,"code":107778,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,107780,107781,107813,107827,107831,107841],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107782,107783,107785,107787,107789,107791,107793,107795,107797,107799,107801,107803,107805,107807,107809,107811],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107784,7441],{"class":50},[44,107786,55],{"class":54},[44,107788,10151],{"class":80},[44,107790,362],{"class":58},[44,107792,3741],{"class":62},[44,107794,362],{"class":58},[44,107796,2646],{"class":80},[44,107798,59],{"class":58},[44,107800,3750],{"class":62},[44,107802,362],{"class":58},[44,107804,2646],{"class":80},[44,107806,59],{"class":58},[44,107808,3759],{"class":62},[44,107810,362],{"class":58},[44,107812,8969],{"class":80},[44,107814,107815,107817,107819,107821,107823,107825],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,107816,69597],{"class":50},[44,107818,55],{"class":54},[44,107820,5631],{"class":50},[44,107822,81],{"class":80},[44,107824,25909],{"class":84},[44,107826,88],{"class":80},[44,107828,107829],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,107830,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,107832,107833,107835,107837,107839],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,107834,95],{"class":94},[44,107836,98],{"class":80},[44,107838,69620],{"class":84},[44,107840,104],{"class":80},[44,107842,107843,107845,107847,107849],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,107844,95],{"class":94},[44,107846,98],{"class":80},[44,107848,7472],{"class":84},[44,107850,104],{"class":80},[20,107852,107853],{},[830,107854,107855],{},"What this does:",[139,107857,107858,107863,107868],{},[142,107859,107860,107861],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,107862,7472],{},[142,107864,107865,107866],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,107867,69620],{},[142,107869,107870],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,107872,107873,88622,107875,107877,107878,107880],{},[830,107874,383],{},[15,107876,107763],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[830,107879,832],{}," chosen by index.",[30,107882,126,107884,129],{"id":107883},"what-setpop-does",[15,107885,107763],{},[20,107887,107888,2539],{},[15,107889,107763],{},[139,107891,107892,107894,107897,107900],{},[142,107893,102704],{},[142,107895,107896],{},"Returns the removed item",[142,107898,107899],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[142,107901,107902],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,107904,95986,107905,81],{},[243,107906,95990],{"href":97161},[30,107908,250],{"id":249},[35,107910,107912],{"className":37,"code":107911,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,107913,107914],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107915,107916,107918,107920,107922],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107917,15330],{"class":50},[44,107919,81],{"class":80},[44,107921,25909],{"class":84},[44,107923,88],{"class":80},[20,107925,137],{},[139,107927,107928,107934,107939],{},[142,107929,107930,107931],{},"The syntax is ",[15,107932,107933],{},"my_set.pop()",[142,107935,107936,107937],{},"It takes ",[830,107938,28356],{},[142,107940,107941],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,107943,161],{},[35,107945,107947],{"className":37,"code":107946,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,107948,107949,107981,107995,107999,108009],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107950,107951,107953,107955,107957,107959,107961,107963,107965,107967,107969,107971,107973,107975,107977,107979],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107952,12738],{"class":50},[44,107954,55],{"class":54},[44,107956,10151],{"class":80},[44,107958,362],{"class":58},[44,107960,12755],{"class":62},[44,107962,362],{"class":58},[44,107964,2646],{"class":80},[44,107966,59],{"class":58},[44,107968,12772],{"class":62},[44,107970,362],{"class":58},[44,107972,2646],{"class":80},[44,107974,59],{"class":58},[44,107976,17121],{"class":62},[44,107978,362],{"class":58},[44,107980,8969],{"class":80},[44,107982,107983,107985,107987,107989,107991,107993],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,107984,28206],{"class":50},[44,107986,55],{"class":54},[44,107988,12786],{"class":50},[44,107990,81],{"class":80},[44,107992,25909],{"class":84},[44,107994,88],{"class":80},[44,107996,107997],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,107998,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,108000,108001,108003,108005,108007],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,108002,95],{"class":94},[44,108004,98],{"class":80},[44,108006,22978],{"class":84},[44,108008,104],{"class":80},[44,108010,108011,108013,108015,108017],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,108012,95],{"class":94},[44,108014,98],{"class":80},[44,108016,17168],{"class":84},[44,108018,104],{"class":80},[30,108020,1013],{"id":1012},[20,108022,108023],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108025,1759],{},[139,108027,108028,108034,108037],{},[142,108029,108030,108031,108033],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108032,12425],{}," removes",[142,108035,108036],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[142,108038,108039,108040,108042],{},"You should not use ",[15,108041,12425],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108044,10121,108045,108047],{},[830,108046,832],{}," valid:",[35,108049,108051],{"className":37,"code":108050,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108052,108053,108085],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108054,108055,108057,108059,108061,108063,108065,108067,108069,108071,108073,108075,108077,108079,108081,108083],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108056,35904],{"class":50},[44,108058,55],{"class":54},[44,108060,10151],{"class":80},[44,108062,362],{"class":58},[44,108064,3741],{"class":62},[44,108066,362],{"class":58},[44,108068,2646],{"class":80},[44,108070,59],{"class":58},[44,108072,3750],{"class":62},[44,108074,362],{"class":58},[44,108076,2646],{"class":80},[44,108078,59],{"class":58},[44,108080,3759],{"class":62},[44,108082,362],{"class":58},[44,108084,8969],{"class":80},[44,108086,108087,108089,108091,108093,108095,108097,108099,108101],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,108088,35956],{"class":50},[44,108090,81],{"class":80},[44,108092,25909],{"class":84},[44,108094,98],{"class":80},[44,108096,362],{"class":58},[44,108098,3741],{"class":62},[44,108100,362],{"class":58},[44,108102,104],{"class":80},[20,108104,39320,108105,108107],{},[15,108106,107763],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108109,108110,108111,2532,108115,81],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[243,108112,108113],{"href":97871},[15,108114,102530],{},[243,108116,108118],{"href":108117},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108119,102521],{},[30,108121,108123],{"id":108122},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108125,108126],{},"Here is a simple example:",[35,108128,108130],{"className":37,"code":108129,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108131,108132,108166,108170,108186,108190,108209],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108133,108134,108137,108139,108141,108143,108145,108147,108149,108151,108153,108155,108157,108159,108162,108164],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108135,108136],{"class":50},"animals ",[44,108138,55],{"class":54},[44,108140,10151],{"class":80},[44,108142,362],{"class":58},[44,108144,36712],{"class":62},[44,108146,362],{"class":58},[44,108148,2646],{"class":80},[44,108150,59],{"class":58},[44,108152,57789],{"class":62},[44,108154,362],{"class":58},[44,108156,2646],{"class":80},[44,108158,59],{"class":58},[44,108160,108161],{"class":62},"rabbit",[44,108163,362],{"class":58},[44,108165,8969],{"class":80},[44,108167,108168],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,108169,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,108171,108172,108175,108177,108180,108182,108184],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,108173,108174],{"class":50},"removed_animal ",[44,108176,55],{"class":54},[44,108178,108179],{"class":50}," animals",[44,108181,81],{"class":80},[44,108183,25909],{"class":84},[44,108185,88],{"class":80},[44,108187,108188],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,108189,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,108191,108192,108194,108196,108198,108200,108202,108204,108207],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,108193,95],{"class":94},[44,108195,98],{"class":80},[44,108197,362],{"class":58},[44,108199,28624],{"class":62},[44,108201,362],{"class":58},[44,108203,2646],{"class":80},[44,108205,108206],{"class":84}," removed_animal",[44,108208,104],{"class":80},[44,108210,108211,108213,108215,108217,108220,108222,108224,108226],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,108212,95],{"class":94},[44,108214,98],{"class":80},[44,108216,362],{"class":58},[44,108218,108219],{"class":62},"Updated set:",[44,108221,362],{"class":58},[44,108223,2646],{"class":80},[44,108225,108179],{"class":84},[44,108227,104],{"class":80},[20,108229,29697],{},[35,108231,108233],{"className":37,"code":108232,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108234,108235,108244],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108236,108237,108239,108241],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108238,28666],{"class":50},[44,108240,2539],{"class":80},[44,108242,108243],{"class":50}," dog\n",[44,108245,108246,108249,108251,108253,108255,108257,108259,108261,108263,108265,108267,108269],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,108247,108248],{"class":50},"Updated ",[44,108250,5952],{"class":1461},[44,108252,2539],{"class":80},[44,108254,10151],{"class":80},[44,108256,655],{"class":58},[44,108258,36712],{"class":62},[44,108260,655],{"class":58},[44,108262,2646],{"class":80},[44,108264,2955],{"class":58},[44,108266,108161],{"class":62},[44,108268,655],{"class":58},[44,108270,8969],{"class":80},[20,108272,108273],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[30,108275,108277],{"id":108276},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108279,29318,108280,108282,108283,81],{},[15,108281,12425],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108284,19354],{},[20,108286,161],{},[35,108288,108290],{"className":37,"code":108289,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108291,108292,108302],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108293,108294,108296,108298,108300],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108295,7441],{"class":50},[44,108297,55],{"class":54},[44,108299,15297],{"class":1461},[44,108301,88],{"class":80},[44,108303,108304,108306,108308,108310],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,108305,7472],{"class":50},[44,108307,81],{"class":80},[44,108309,25909],{"class":84},[44,108311,88],{"class":80},[20,108313,108314],{},"This raises:",[35,108316,108318],{"className":37,"code":108317,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108319,108320],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108321,108322,108324,108326,108328,108331],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108323,19354],{"class":1461},[44,108325,2539],{"class":80},[44,108327,2955],{"class":58},[44,108329,108330],{"class":62},"pop from an empty set",[44,108332,664],{"class":58},[20,108334,108335,108336,108339],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[243,108337,108338],{"href":10734},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[267,108341,108343,108344],{"id":108342},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108345,12425],{},[20,108347,108348],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[35,108350,108352],{"className":37,"code":108351,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108353,108354,108364,108368,108376,108391,108410,108416],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108355,108356,108358,108360,108362],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108357,7441],{"class":50},[44,108359,55],{"class":54},[44,108361,15297],{"class":1461},[44,108363,88],{"class":80},[44,108365,108366],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,108367,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,108369,108370,108372,108374],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,108371,525],{"class":524},[44,108373,5631],{"class":50},[44,108375,548],{"class":80},[44,108377,108378,108381,108383,108385,108387,108389],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,108379,108380],{"class":50},"    removed ",[44,108382,55],{"class":54},[44,108384,5631],{"class":50},[44,108386,81],{"class":80},[44,108388,25909],{"class":84},[44,108390,88],{"class":80},[44,108392,108393,108395,108397,108399,108401,108403,108405,108408],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,108394,553],{"class":94},[44,108396,98],{"class":80},[44,108398,362],{"class":58},[44,108400,28624],{"class":62},[44,108402,362],{"class":58},[44,108404,2646],{"class":80},[44,108406,108407],{"class":84}," removed",[44,108409,104],{"class":80},[44,108411,108412,108414],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,108413,27101],{"class":524},[44,108415,548],{"class":80},[44,108417,108418,108420,108422,108424,108427,108429],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,108419,553],{"class":94},[44,108421,98],{"class":80},[44,108423,362],{"class":58},[44,108425,108426],{"class":62},"The set is empty.",[44,108428,362],{"class":58},[44,108430,104],{"class":80},[267,108432,119,108434,4057,108436],{"id":108433},"use-try-and-except",[15,108435,29471],{},[15,108437,29502],{},[20,108439,108440],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[35,108442,108444],{"className":37,"code":108443,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108445,108446,108456,108460,108466,108480,108498,108506],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108447,108448,108450,108452,108454],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108449,7441],{"class":50},[44,108451,55],{"class":54},[44,108453,15297],{"class":1461},[44,108455,88],{"class":80},[44,108457,108458],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,108459,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,108461,108462,108464],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,108463,29471],{"class":524},[44,108465,548],{"class":80},[44,108467,108468,108470,108472,108474,108476,108478],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,108469,108380],{"class":50},[44,108471,55],{"class":54},[44,108473,5631],{"class":50},[44,108475,81],{"class":80},[44,108477,25909],{"class":84},[44,108479,88],{"class":80},[44,108481,108482,108484,108486,108488,108490,108492,108494,108496],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,108483,553],{"class":94},[44,108485,98],{"class":80},[44,108487,362],{"class":58},[44,108489,28624],{"class":62},[44,108491,362],{"class":58},[44,108493,2646],{"class":80},[44,108495,108407],{"class":84},[44,108497,104],{"class":80},[44,108499,108500,108502,108504],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,108501,29502],{"class":524},[44,108503,29505],{"class":1461},[44,108505,548],{"class":80},[44,108507,108508,108510,108512,108514,108517,108519],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,108509,553],{"class":94},[44,108511,98],{"class":80},[44,108513,362],{"class":58},[44,108515,108516],{"class":62},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[44,108518,362],{"class":58},[44,108520,104],{"class":80},[30,108522,1133,108524,866,108526,866,108528],{"id":108523},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108525,12425],{},[15,108527,55190],{},[15,108529,102516],{},[20,108531,108532],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[267,108534,119,108536],{"id":108535},"use-pop",[15,108537,12425],{},[20,108539,119,108540,10261],{},[15,108541,12425],{},[139,108543,108544,108550,108553],{},[142,108545,108546,108547],{},"You want to remove ",[830,108548,108549],{},"any one item",[142,108551,108552],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[142,108554,108555],{},"You want the removed item returned",[35,108557,108559],{"className":37,"code":108558,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108560,108561,108581,108595],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108562,108563,108565,108567,108569,108571,108573,108575,108577,108579],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108564,3276],{"class":50},[44,108566,55],{"class":54},[44,108568,10151],{"class":80},[44,108570,2643],{"class":1675},[44,108572,2646],{"class":80},[44,108574,2649],{"class":1675},[44,108576,2646],{"class":80},[44,108578,2104],{"class":1675},[44,108580,8969],{"class":80},[44,108582,108583,108585,108587,108589,108591,108593],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,108584,2099],{"class":50},[44,108586,55],{"class":54},[44,108588,3926],{"class":50},[44,108590,81],{"class":80},[44,108592,25909],{"class":84},[44,108594,88],{"class":80},[44,108596,108597,108599,108601,108603],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,108598,95],{"class":94},[44,108600,98],{"class":80},[44,108602,2126],{"class":84},[44,108604,104],{"class":80},[267,108606,119,108608],{"id":108607},"use-remove",[15,108609,55190],{},[20,108611,119,108612,10261],{},[15,108613,55190],{},[139,108615,108616,108622],{},[142,108617,108618,108619],{},"You want to delete a ",[830,108620,108621],{},"specific item",[142,108623,108624],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[35,108626,108628],{"className":37,"code":108627,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108629,108630,108650,108664],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108631,108632,108634,108636,108638,108640,108642,108644,108646,108648],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108633,3276],{"class":50},[44,108635,55],{"class":54},[44,108637,10151],{"class":80},[44,108639,2643],{"class":1675},[44,108641,2646],{"class":80},[44,108643,2649],{"class":1675},[44,108645,2646],{"class":80},[44,108647,2104],{"class":1675},[44,108649,8969],{"class":80},[44,108651,108652,108654,108656,108658,108660,108662],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,108653,3308],{"class":50},[44,108655,81],{"class":80},[44,108657,34457],{"class":84},[44,108659,98],{"class":80},[44,108661,1708],{"class":1675},[44,108663,104],{"class":80},[44,108665,108666,108668,108670,108672],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,108667,95],{"class":94},[44,108669,98],{"class":80},[44,108671,3308],{"class":84},[44,108673,104],{"class":80},[20,108675,108676,108677,108679,108680,108684],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,108678,55190],{}," raises an error. See the ",[243,108681,108682,1555],{"href":97871},[15,108683,102530],{}," for details.",[267,108686,119,108688],{"id":108687},"use-discard",[15,108689,102516],{},[20,108691,119,108692,10261],{},[15,108693,102516],{},[139,108695,108696,108700],{},[142,108697,108618,108698],{},[830,108699,108621],{},[142,108701,108702,108703,108705],{},"You do ",[830,108704,832],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[35,108707,108709],{"className":37,"code":108708,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108710,108711,108731,108745],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108712,108713,108715,108717,108719,108721,108723,108725,108727,108729],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108714,3276],{"class":50},[44,108716,55],{"class":54},[44,108718,10151],{"class":80},[44,108720,2643],{"class":1675},[44,108722,2646],{"class":80},[44,108724,2649],{"class":1675},[44,108726,2646],{"class":80},[44,108728,2104],{"class":1675},[44,108730,8969],{"class":80},[44,108732,108733,108735,108737,108739,108741,108743],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,108734,3308],{"class":50},[44,108736,81],{"class":80},[44,108738,102583],{"class":84},[44,108740,98],{"class":80},[44,108742,1789],{"class":1675},[44,108744,104],{"class":80},[44,108746,108747,108749,108751,108753],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,108748,95],{"class":94},[44,108750,98],{"class":80},[44,108752,3308],{"class":84},[44,108754,104],{"class":80},[20,108756,108757,108758,108760,108761,108765],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,108759,1789],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[243,108762,108763,1555],{"href":108117},[15,108764,102521],{}," for more examples.",[30,108767,1238],{"id":1237},[20,108769,71143,108770,2539],{},[15,108771,107763],{},[139,108773,108774,108780,108785,108790],{},[142,108775,108776,108777],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,108778,108779],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[142,108781,1246,108782,108784],{},[15,108783,12425],{}," to remove the first or last item",[142,108786,29318,108787,108789],{},[15,108788,12425],{}," on an empty set",[142,108791,675,108792,108794],{},[15,108793,12425],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,108796,61958],{},[35,108798,108800],{"className":37,"code":108799,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,108801,108802,108812,108826,108840],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108803,108804,108806,108808,108810],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108805,95],{"class":94},[44,108807,98],{"class":80},[44,108809,15330],{"class":84},[44,108811,104],{"class":80},[44,108813,108814,108816,108818,108820,108822,108824],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,108815,95],{"class":94},[44,108817,98],{"class":80},[44,108819,10822],{"class":94},[44,108821,98],{"class":80},[44,108823,15330],{"class":84},[44,108825,370],{"class":80},[44,108827,108828,108830,108832,108834,108836,108838],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,108829,95],{"class":94},[44,108831,98],{"class":80},[44,108833,2880],{"class":1461},[44,108835,98],{"class":80},[44,108837,15330],{"class":84},[44,108839,370],{"class":80},[44,108841,108842,108844,108846,108848,108850,108852],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,108843,28206],{"class":50},[44,108845,55],{"class":54},[44,108847,96586],{"class":50},[44,108849,81],{"class":80},[44,108851,25909],{"class":84},[44,108853,88],{"class":80},[20,108855,25676],{},[139,108857,108858,108861,108864,108867],{},[142,108859,108860],{},"What values are in the set",[142,108862,108863],{},"Whether the set is empty",[142,108865,108866],{},"That the object is really a set",[142,108868,108869],{},"What value was actually removed",[30,108871,1478],{"id":1477},[267,108873,1482,108875,108877],{"id":108874},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,108876,107763],{}," remove the first item?",[20,108879,108880,108881,108883],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,108882,12425],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[267,108885,108887,108888,1520],{"id":108886},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,108889,107763],{},[20,108891,108892,108893,108895,108896,108898],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,108894,12425],{},", set ",[15,108897,12425],{}," does not accept an index.",[267,108900,108902],{"id":108901},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,108904,71312,108905,44292,108907,108909],{},[15,108906,19354],{},[15,108908,12425],{}," is called on an empty set.",[267,108911,108913],{"id":108912},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,108915,119,108916,2532,108918,10752,108920,81],{},[15,108917,55190],{},[15,108919,102516],{},[15,108921,12425],{},[30,108923,1545],{"id":1544},[139,108925,108926,108930,108936,108942,108946],{},[142,108927,108928],{},[243,108929,95990],{"href":97161},[142,108931,108932],{},[243,108933,96476,108934,1555],{"href":97871},[15,108935,55190],{},[142,108937,108938],{},[243,108939,96476,108940,1555],{"href":108117},[15,108941,102516],{},[142,108943,108944],{},[243,108945,10923],{"href":10734},[142,108947,108948],{},[243,108949,55176],{"href":54728},[1577,108951,108952],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":108954},[108955,108956,108958,108959,108960,108961,108967,108976,108977,108985],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":107883,"depth":69,"text":108957},"What set.pop() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":1012,"depth":69,"text":1013},{"id":108122,"depth":69,"text":108123},{"id":108276,"depth":69,"text":108277,"children":108962},[108963,108965],{"id":108342,"depth":91,"text":108964},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108433,"depth":91,"text":108966},"Use try and except",{"id":108523,"depth":69,"text":108968,"children":108969},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[108970,108972,108974],{"id":108535,"depth":91,"text":108971},"Use pop()",{"id":108607,"depth":91,"text":108973},"Use remove()",{"id":108687,"depth":91,"text":108975},"Use discard()",{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":108978},[108979,108981,108983,108984],{"id":108874,"depth":91,"text":108980},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":108886,"depth":91,"text":108982},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":108901,"depth":91,"text":108902},{"id":108912,"depth":91,"text":108913},{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107751,"description":108986},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":108993,"title":108994,"body":108995,"description":110149,"extension":1611,"meta":110150,"navigation":184,"path":110151,"seo":110152,"stem":110153,"__hash__":110154},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":108996,"toc":110117},[108997,109002,109007,109016,109018,109083,109087,109111,109118,109123,109127,109142,109145,109147,109166,109180,109183,109231,109235,109251,109253,109326,109330,109355,109361,109369,109373,109380,109435,109440,109457,109463,109469,109474,109482,109489,109493,109501,109556,109558,109575,109579,109586,109651,109655,109688,109690,109702,109709,109711,109716,109723,109725,109794,109798,109806,109808,109872,109876,109881,109928,109933,110001,110009,110016,110019,110025,110030,110034,110036,110039,110041,110046,110051,110057,110062,110069,110077,110083,110086,110088,110114],[10,108998,95862,109000,18],{"id":108999},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109001,55190],{},[20,109003,109004,109006],{},[15,109005,102530],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109008,109009,109010,109013,109014,81],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[830,109011,109012],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109015,19354],{},[30,109017,1653],{"id":1652},[35,109019,109021],{"className":37,"code":109020,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109022,109023,109055,109073],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109024,109025,109027,109029,109031,109033,109035,109037,109039,109041,109043,109045,109047,109049,109051,109053],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109026,12738],{"class":50},[44,109028,55],{"class":54},[44,109030,10151],{"class":80},[44,109032,362],{"class":58},[44,109034,12755],{"class":62},[44,109036,362],{"class":58},[44,109038,2646],{"class":80},[44,109040,59],{"class":58},[44,109042,12772],{"class":62},[44,109044,362],{"class":58},[44,109046,2646],{"class":80},[44,109048,59],{"class":58},[44,109050,17121],{"class":62},[44,109052,362],{"class":58},[44,109054,8969],{"class":80},[44,109056,109057,109059,109061,109063,109065,109067,109069,109071],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,109058,17168],{"class":50},[44,109060,81],{"class":80},[44,109062,34457],{"class":84},[44,109064,98],{"class":80},[44,109066,362],{"class":58},[44,109068,12772],{"class":62},[44,109070,362],{"class":58},[44,109072,104],{"class":80},[44,109074,109075,109077,109079,109081],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,109076,95],{"class":94},[44,109078,98],{"class":80},[44,109080,17168],{"class":84},[44,109082,104],{"class":80},[20,109084,109085],{},[830,109086,29697],{},[35,109088,109089],{"className":37,"code":103210,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,109090,109091],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109092,109093,109095,109097,109099,109101,109103,109105,109107,109109],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109094,8938],{"class":80},[44,109096,655],{"class":58},[44,109098,12755],{"class":62},[44,109100,655],{"class":58},[44,109102,2646],{"class":80},[44,109104,2955],{"class":58},[44,109106,17121],{"class":62},[44,109108,655],{"class":58},[44,109110,8969],{"class":80},[20,109112,119,109113,109115,109116,81],{},[15,109114,55190],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109117,19354],{},[30,109119,126,109121,129],{"id":109120},"what-setremove-does",[15,109122,102530],{},[20,109124,109125,2539],{},[15,109126,102530],{},[139,109128,109129,109132,109134,109136],{},[142,109130,109131],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[142,109133,95977],{},[142,109135,95980],{},[142,109137,109138,109139,109141],{},"Raises ",[15,109140,19354],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109143,109144],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[30,109146,250],{"id":249},[35,109148,109150],{"className":37,"code":109149,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109151,109152],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109153,109154,109156,109158,109160,109162,109164],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109155,15330],{"class":50},[44,109157,81],{"class":80},[44,109159,34457],{"class":84},[44,109161,98],{"class":80},[44,109163,2126],{"class":84},[44,109165,104],{"class":80},[139,109167,109168,109172,109177],{},[142,109169,109170,102752],{},[15,109171,15330],{},[142,109173,109174,109176],{},[15,109175,2126],{}," is the item to remove",[142,109178,109179],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109181,109182],{},"Here is a small example:",[35,109184,109185],{"className":37,"code":108627,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,109186,109187,109207,109221],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109188,109189,109191,109193,109195,109197,109199,109201,109203,109205],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109190,3276],{"class":50},[44,109192,55],{"class":54},[44,109194,10151],{"class":80},[44,109196,2643],{"class":1675},[44,109198,2646],{"class":80},[44,109200,2649],{"class":1675},[44,109202,2646],{"class":80},[44,109204,2104],{"class":1675},[44,109206,8969],{"class":80},[44,109208,109209,109211,109213,109215,109217,109219],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,109210,3308],{"class":50},[44,109212,81],{"class":80},[44,109214,34457],{"class":84},[44,109216,98],{"class":80},[44,109218,1708],{"class":1675},[44,109220,104],{"class":80},[44,109222,109223,109225,109227,109229],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,109224,95],{"class":94},[44,109226,98],{"class":80},[44,109228,3308],{"class":84},[44,109230,104],{"class":80},[20,109232,109233],{},[830,109234,29697],{},[35,109236,109237],{"className":37,"code":100960,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,109238,109239],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109240,109241,109243,109245,109247,109249],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109242,8938],{"class":80},[44,109244,2643],{"class":1675},[44,109246,2646],{"class":80},[44,109248,2104],{"class":1675},[44,109250,8969],{"class":80},[30,109252,11136],{"id":11135},[35,109254,109256],{"className":37,"code":109255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109257,109258,109290,109294,109312,109316],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109259,109260,109262,109264,109266,109268,109270,109272,109274,109276,109278,109280,109282,109284,109286,109288],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109261,35904],{"class":50},[44,109263,55],{"class":54},[44,109265,10151],{"class":80},[44,109267,362],{"class":58},[44,109269,3741],{"class":62},[44,109271,362],{"class":58},[44,109273,2646],{"class":80},[44,109275,59],{"class":58},[44,109277,3750],{"class":62},[44,109279,362],{"class":58},[44,109281,2646],{"class":80},[44,109283,59],{"class":58},[44,109285,32887],{"class":62},[44,109287,362],{"class":58},[44,109289,8969],{"class":80},[44,109291,109292],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,109293,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,109295,109296,109298,109300,109302,109304,109306,109308,109310],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,109297,35956],{"class":50},[44,109299,81],{"class":80},[44,109301,34457],{"class":84},[44,109303,98],{"class":80},[44,109305,362],{"class":58},[44,109307,3750],{"class":62},[44,109309,362],{"class":58},[44,109311,104],{"class":80},[44,109313,109314],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,109315,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,109317,109318,109320,109322,109324],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,109319,95],{"class":94},[44,109321,98],{"class":80},[44,109323,35956],{"class":84},[44,109325,104],{"class":80},[20,109327,109328],{},[830,109329,29697],{},[35,109331,109333],{"className":37,"code":109332,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109334,109335],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109336,109337,109339,109341,109343,109345,109347,109349,109351,109353],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109338,8938],{"class":80},[44,109340,655],{"class":58},[44,109342,3741],{"class":62},[44,109344,655],{"class":58},[44,109346,2646],{"class":80},[44,109348,2955],{"class":58},[44,109350,32887],{"class":62},[44,109352,655],{"class":58},[44,109354,8969],{"class":80},[20,109356,109357,109358,109360],{},"This removes ",[15,109359,64937],{}," from the set.",[20,109362,109363,109364,109366,109367,81],{},"A set does ",[830,109365,832],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[243,109368,95994],{"href":97545},[30,109370,109372],{"id":109371},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109374,109375,109376,52156,109378,81],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109377,55190],{},[15,109379,19354],{},[35,109381,109383],{"className":37,"code":109382,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109384,109385,109417],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109386,109387,109389,109391,109393,109395,109397,109399,109401,109403,109405,109407,109409,109411,109413,109415],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109388,12738],{"class":50},[44,109390,55],{"class":54},[44,109392,10151],{"class":80},[44,109394,362],{"class":58},[44,109396,12755],{"class":62},[44,109398,362],{"class":58},[44,109400,2646],{"class":80},[44,109402,59],{"class":58},[44,109404,12772],{"class":62},[44,109406,362],{"class":58},[44,109408,2646],{"class":80},[44,109410,59],{"class":58},[44,109412,17121],{"class":62},[44,109414,362],{"class":58},[44,109416,8969],{"class":80},[44,109418,109419,109421,109423,109425,109427,109429,109431,109433],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,109420,17168],{"class":50},[44,109422,81],{"class":80},[44,109424,34457],{"class":84},[44,109426,98],{"class":80},[44,109428,362],{"class":58},[44,109430,22191],{"class":62},[44,109432,362],{"class":58},[44,109434,104],{"class":80},[20,109436,109437],{},[830,109438,109439],{},"Result:",[35,109441,109443],{"className":37,"code":109442,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109444,109445],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109446,109447,109449,109451,109453,109455],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109448,19354],{"class":1461},[44,109450,2539],{"class":80},[44,109452,2955],{"class":58},[44,109454,22191],{"class":62},[44,109456,664],{"class":58},[20,109458,21856,109459,109462],{},[15,109460,109461],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109464,109465,109466,109468],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109467,55190],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109470,109471,109472,81],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[243,109473,10923],{"href":10734},[30,109475,3861,109477,109479,109480],{"id":109476},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109478,55190],{}," is different from ",[15,109481,102516],{},[20,109483,109484,4057,109486,109488],{},[15,109485,55190],{},[15,109487,102516],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[267,109490,109491],{"id":34457},[15,109492,55190],{},[139,109494,109495,109498],{},[142,109496,109497],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[142,109499,109500],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[35,109502,109504],{"className":37,"code":109503,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109505,109506,109538],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109507,109508,109510,109512,109514,109516,109518,109520,109522,109524,109526,109528,109530,109532,109534,109536],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109509,35755],{"class":50},[44,109511,55],{"class":54},[44,109513,10151],{"class":80},[44,109515,362],{"class":58},[44,109517,243],{"class":62},[44,109519,362],{"class":58},[44,109521,2646],{"class":80},[44,109523,59],{"class":58},[44,109525,842],{"class":62},[44,109527,362],{"class":58},[44,109529,2646],{"class":80},[44,109531,59],{"class":58},[44,109533,846],{"class":62},[44,109535,362],{"class":58},[44,109537,8969],{"class":80},[44,109539,109540,109542,109544,109546,109548,109550,109552,109554],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,109541,35808],{"class":50},[44,109543,81],{"class":80},[44,109545,34457],{"class":84},[44,109547,98],{"class":80},[44,109549,362],{"class":58},[44,109551,18434],{"class":62},[44,109553,362],{"class":58},[44,109555,104],{"class":80},[20,109557,108314],{},[35,109559,109561],{"className":37,"code":109560,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109562,109563],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109564,109565,109567,109569,109571,109573],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109566,19354],{"class":1461},[44,109568,2539],{"class":80},[44,109570,2955],{"class":58},[44,109572,18434],{"class":62},[44,109574,664],{"class":58},[267,109576,109577],{"id":102583},[15,109578,102516],{},[139,109580,109581,109583],{},[142,109582,109497],{},[142,109584,109585],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[35,109587,109589],{"className":37,"code":109588,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109590,109591,109623,109641],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109592,109593,109595,109597,109599,109601,109603,109605,109607,109609,109611,109613,109615,109617,109619,109621],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109594,35755],{"class":50},[44,109596,55],{"class":54},[44,109598,10151],{"class":80},[44,109600,362],{"class":58},[44,109602,243],{"class":62},[44,109604,362],{"class":58},[44,109606,2646],{"class":80},[44,109608,59],{"class":58},[44,109610,842],{"class":62},[44,109612,362],{"class":58},[44,109614,2646],{"class":80},[44,109616,59],{"class":58},[44,109618,846],{"class":62},[44,109620,362],{"class":58},[44,109622,8969],{"class":80},[44,109624,109625,109627,109629,109631,109633,109635,109637,109639],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,109626,35808],{"class":50},[44,109628,81],{"class":80},[44,109630,102583],{"class":84},[44,109632,98],{"class":80},[44,109634,362],{"class":58},[44,109636,18434],{"class":62},[44,109638,362],{"class":58},[44,109640,104],{"class":80},[44,109642,109643,109645,109647,109649],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,109644,95],{"class":94},[44,109646,98],{"class":80},[44,109648,35808],{"class":84},[44,109650,104],{"class":80},[20,109652,109653],{},[830,109654,107],{},[35,109656,109658],{"className":37,"code":109657,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,109659,109660],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109661,109662,109664,109666,109668,109670,109672,109674,109676,109678,109680,109682,109684,109686],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109663,8938],{"class":80},[44,109665,655],{"class":58},[44,109667,243],{"class":62},[44,109669,655],{"class":58},[44,109671,2646],{"class":80},[44,109673,2955],{"class":58},[44,109675,842],{"class":62},[44,109677,655],{"class":58},[44,109679,2646],{"class":80},[44,109681,2955],{"class":58},[44,109683,846],{"class":62},[44,109685,655],{"class":58},[44,109687,8969],{"class":80},[20,109689,18361],{},[139,109691,109692,109697],{},[142,109693,109694,109696],{},[15,109695,55190],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[142,109698,109699,109701],{},[15,109700,102516],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,109703,109704,109705,81],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[243,109706,96476,109707,1555],{"href":108117},[15,109708,102516],{},[30,109710,4183],{"id":4182},[267,109712,1246,109714,96856],{"id":109713},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,109715,55190],{},[20,109717,109718,109720,109721,81],{},[15,109719,55190],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,109722,3439],{},[20,109724,16308],{},[35,109726,109728],{"className":37,"code":109727,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,109729,109730,109762,109784],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109731,109732,109734,109736,109738,109740,109742,109744,109746,109748,109750,109752,109754,109756,109758,109760],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109733,12738],{"class":50},[44,109735,55],{"class":54},[44,109737,10151],{"class":80},[44,109739,362],{"class":58},[44,109741,12755],{"class":62},[44,109743,362],{"class":58},[44,109745,2646],{"class":80},[44,109747,59],{"class":58},[44,109749,12772],{"class":62},[44,109751,362],{"class":58},[44,109753,2646],{"class":80},[44,109755,59],{"class":58},[44,109757,17121],{"class":62},[44,109759,362],{"class":58},[44,109761,8969],{"class":80},[44,109763,109764,109766,109768,109770,109772,109774,109776,109778,109780,109782],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,109765,12781],{"class":50},[44,109767,55],{"class":54},[44,109769,12786],{"class":50},[44,109771,81],{"class":80},[44,109773,34457],{"class":84},[44,109775,98],{"class":80},[44,109777,362],{"class":58},[44,109779,12772],{"class":62},[44,109781,362],{"class":58},[44,109783,104],{"class":80},[44,109785,109786,109788,109790,109792],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,109787,95],{"class":94},[44,109789,98],{"class":80},[44,109791,12805],{"class":84},[44,109793,104],{"class":80},[20,109795,109796],{},[830,109797,107],{},[35,109799,109800],{"className":37,"code":11470,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,109801,109802],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109803,109804],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109805,11470],{"class":3513},[20,109807,16320],{},[35,109809,109810],{"className":37,"code":109020,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,109811,109812,109844,109862],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109813,109814,109816,109818,109820,109822,109824,109826,109828,109830,109832,109834,109836,109838,109840,109842],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109815,12738],{"class":50},[44,109817,55],{"class":54},[44,109819,10151],{"class":80},[44,109821,362],{"class":58},[44,109823,12755],{"class":62},[44,109825,362],{"class":58},[44,109827,2646],{"class":80},[44,109829,59],{"class":58},[44,109831,12772],{"class":62},[44,109833,362],{"class":58},[44,109835,2646],{"class":80},[44,109837,59],{"class":58},[44,109839,17121],{"class":62},[44,109841,362],{"class":58},[44,109843,8969],{"class":80},[44,109845,109846,109848,109850,109852,109854,109856,109858,109860],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,109847,17168],{"class":50},[44,109849,81],{"class":80},[44,109851,34457],{"class":84},[44,109853,98],{"class":80},[44,109855,362],{"class":58},[44,109857,12772],{"class":62},[44,109859,362],{"class":58},[44,109861,104],{"class":80},[44,109863,109864,109866,109868,109870],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,109865,95],{"class":94},[44,109867,98],{"class":80},[44,109869,17168],{"class":84},[44,109871,104],{"class":80},[267,109873,109875],{"id":109874},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,109877,109878,109879,81],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,109880,19354],{},[35,109882,109884],{"className":37,"code":109883,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109885,109886,109910],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109887,109888,109890,109892,109894,109896,109898,109900,109902,109904,109906,109908],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109889,12738],{"class":50},[44,109891,55],{"class":54},[44,109893,10151],{"class":80},[44,109895,362],{"class":58},[44,109897,12755],{"class":62},[44,109899,362],{"class":58},[44,109901,2646],{"class":80},[44,109903,59],{"class":58},[44,109905,12772],{"class":62},[44,109907,362],{"class":58},[44,109909,8969],{"class":80},[44,109911,109912,109914,109916,109918,109920,109922,109924,109926],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,109913,17168],{"class":50},[44,109915,81],{"class":80},[44,109917,34457],{"class":84},[44,109919,98],{"class":80},[44,109921,362],{"class":58},[44,109923,17121],{"class":62},[44,109925,362],{"class":58},[44,109927,104],{"class":80},[20,109929,109930,109931,2539],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,109932,3544],{},[35,109934,109936],{"className":37,"code":109935,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109937,109938,109962,109966,109982],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109939,109940,109942,109944,109946,109948,109950,109952,109954,109956,109958,109960],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109941,12738],{"class":50},[44,109943,55],{"class":54},[44,109945,10151],{"class":80},[44,109947,362],{"class":58},[44,109949,12755],{"class":62},[44,109951,362],{"class":58},[44,109953,2646],{"class":80},[44,109955,59],{"class":58},[44,109957,12772],{"class":62},[44,109959,362],{"class":58},[44,109961,8969],{"class":80},[44,109963,109964],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,109965,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,109967,109968,109970,109972,109974,109976,109978,109980],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,109969,525],{"class":524},[44,109971,59],{"class":58},[44,109973,17121],{"class":62},[44,109975,362],{"class":58},[44,109977,20841],{"class":54},[44,109979,12786],{"class":50},[44,109981,548],{"class":80},[44,109983,109984,109987,109989,109991,109993,109995,109997,109999],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,109985,109986],{"class":50},"    colors",[44,109988,81],{"class":80},[44,109990,34457],{"class":84},[44,109992,98],{"class":80},[44,109994,362],{"class":58},[44,109996,17121],{"class":62},[44,109998,362],{"class":58},[44,110000,104],{"class":80},[20,110002,110003,110004,110008],{},"Or use ",[243,110005,110006],{"href":108117},[15,110007,102516],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[267,110010,36869,110012,8363,110014],{"id":110011},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110013,102530],{},[15,110015,54736],{},[20,110017,110018],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110020,110021,110022,110024],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110023,102530],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110026,110027,110028,81],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[243,110029,98740],{"href":98739},[267,110031,110033],{"id":110032},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110035,108023],{},[20,110037,110038],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[30,110040,1478],{"id":1477},[267,110042,1482,110044,96955],{"id":110043},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110045,102530],{},[20,110047,110048,110049,81],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110050,3439],{},[267,110052,29955,110054,110056],{"id":110053},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110055,102530],{}," raise?",[20,110058,29961,110059,110061],{},[15,110060,19354],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[267,110063,21088,110065,2532,110067,1520],{"id":110064},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110066,55190],{},[15,110068,102516],{},[20,110070,119,110071,110073,110074,110076],{},[15,110072,55190],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110075,102516],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[267,110078,4832,110080,110082],{"id":110079},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110081,102530],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110084,110085],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[30,110087,1545],{"id":1544},[139,110089,110090,110096,110102,110106,110110],{},[142,110091,110092],{},[243,110093,96476,110094,1555],{"href":108117},[15,110095,102516],{},[142,110097,110098],{},[243,110099,96476,110100,1555],{"href":97876},[15,110101,12425],{},[142,110103,110104],{},[243,110105,97000],{"href":97545},[142,110107,110108],{},[243,110109,100006],{"href":98739},[142,110111,110112],{},[243,110113,10923],{"href":10734},[1577,110115,110116],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":110118},[110119,110120,110122,110123,110124,110125,110130,110138,110148],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":109120,"depth":69,"text":110121},"What set.remove() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":11135,"depth":69,"text":11136},{"id":109371,"depth":69,"text":109372},{"id":109476,"depth":69,"text":110126,"children":110127},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110128,110129],{"id":34457,"depth":91,"text":55190},{"id":102583,"depth":91,"text":102516},{"id":4182,"depth":69,"text":4183,"children":110131},[110132,110134,110135,110137],{"id":109713,"depth":91,"text":110133},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":109874,"depth":91,"text":109875},{"id":110011,"depth":91,"text":110136},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110032,"depth":91,"text":110033},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":110139},[110140,110142,110144,110146],{"id":110043,"depth":91,"text":110141},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110053,"depth":91,"text":110143},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110064,"depth":91,"text":110145},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110079,"depth":91,"text":110147},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":108994,"description":110149},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110156,"title":110157,"body":110158,"description":111531,"extension":1611,"meta":111532,"navigation":184,"path":111533,"seo":111534,"stem":111535,"__hash__":111536},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110159,"toc":111506},[110160,110166,110172,110175,110178,110192,110194,110275,110278,110283,110287,110301,110308,110310,110329,110332,110350,110352,110432,110434,110459,110463,110466,110474,110479,110484,110486,110499,110504,110507,110531,110534,110542,110544,110547,110644,110646,110679,110681,110707,110714,110717,110721,110729,110733,110741,110743,110833,110835,110849,110856,110861,110866,110868,110959,110961,110973,110975,110989,110995,111003,111005,111087,111089,111134,111137,111145,111148,111150,111154,111197,111199,111219,111224,111226,111311,111313,111318,111320,111327,111335,111341,111344,111346,111432,111434,111458,111462,111465,111467,111494,111504],[10,110161,95862,110163,18],{"id":110162},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110164,110165],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110167,110168,110171],{},[15,110169,110170],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110173,110174],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110176,110177],{},"Use it when:",[139,110179,110180,110183,110189],{},[142,110181,110182],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[142,110184,110185,110186,110188],{},"you do ",[830,110187,832],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[142,110190,110191],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[30,110193,33],{"id":32},[35,110195,110197],{"className":37,"code":110196,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110198,110199,110219,110239,110243,110262],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110200,110201,110203,110205,110207,110209,110211,110213,110215,110217],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110202,2208],{"class":50},[44,110204,55],{"class":54},[44,110206,10151],{"class":80},[44,110208,2643],{"class":1675},[44,110210,2646],{"class":80},[44,110212,2649],{"class":1675},[44,110214,2646],{"class":80},[44,110216,2104],{"class":1675},[44,110218,8969],{"class":80},[44,110220,110221,110223,110225,110227,110229,110231,110233,110235,110237],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,110222,2236],{"class":50},[44,110224,55],{"class":54},[44,110226,10151],{"class":80},[44,110228,1714],{"class":1675},[44,110230,2646],{"class":80},[44,110232,2110],{"class":1675},[44,110234,2646],{"class":80},[44,110236,4270],{"class":1675},[44,110238,8969],{"class":80},[44,110240,110241],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,110242,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,110244,110245,110247,110249,110251,110253,110256,110258,110260],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,110246,1880],{"class":50},[44,110248,55],{"class":54},[44,110250,56549],{"class":50},[44,110252,81],{"class":80},[44,110254,110255],{"class":84},"symmetric_difference",[44,110257,98],{"class":80},[44,110259,842],{"class":84},[44,110261,104],{"class":80},[44,110263,110264,110266,110268,110270,110272],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,110265,95],{"class":94},[44,110267,98],{"class":80},[44,110269,1915],{"class":84},[44,110271,3321],{"class":80},[44,110273,110274],{"class":3324},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110276,110277],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[30,110279,126,110281,129],{"id":110280},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110282,110165],{},[20,110284,110285,2539],{},[15,110286,110170],{},[139,110288,110289,110292,110295,110298],{},[142,110290,110291],{},"returns a new set",[142,110293,110294],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[142,110296,110297],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[142,110299,110300],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110302,95986,110303,2532,110305,81],{},[243,110304,95990],{"href":95989},[243,110306,110307],{"href":95993},"creating a set in Python",[30,110309,250],{"id":249},[35,110311,110313],{"className":37,"code":110312,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110314,110315],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110316,110317,110319,110321,110323,110325,110327],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110318,100247],{"class":50},[44,110320,81],{"class":80},[44,110322,110255],{"class":84},[44,110324,98],{"class":80},[44,110326,100256],{"class":84},[44,110328,104],{"class":80},[20,110330,110331],{},"Notes:",[139,110333,110334,110339,110344,110347],{},[142,110335,110336,110338],{},[15,110337,100247],{}," must be a set",[142,110340,110341,110343],{},[15,110342,100256],{}," can be any iterable",[142,110345,110346],{},"the result is always a set",[142,110348,110349],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110351,161],{},[35,110353,110355],{"className":37,"code":110354,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110356,110357,110378,110399,110403,110422],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110358,110359,110362,110364,110366,110368,110370,110372,110374,110376],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110360,110361],{"class":50},"set1 ",[44,110363,55],{"class":54},[44,110365,10151],{"class":80},[44,110367,2643],{"class":1675},[44,110369,2646],{"class":80},[44,110371,2649],{"class":1675},[44,110373,2646],{"class":80},[44,110375,2104],{"class":1675},[44,110377,8969],{"class":80},[44,110379,110380,110383,110385,110387,110389,110391,110393,110395,110397],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,110381,110382],{"class":50},"set2 ",[44,110384,55],{"class":54},[44,110386,10151],{"class":80},[44,110388,1714],{"class":1675},[44,110390,2646],{"class":80},[44,110392,2110],{"class":1675},[44,110394,2646],{"class":80},[44,110396,4270],{"class":1675},[44,110398,8969],{"class":80},[44,110400,110401],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,110402,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,110404,110405,110407,110409,110412,110414,110416,110418,110420],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,110406,1880],{"class":50},[44,110408,55],{"class":54},[44,110410,110411],{"class":50}," set1",[44,110413,81],{"class":80},[44,110415,110255],{"class":84},[44,110417,98],{"class":80},[44,110419,100256],{"class":84},[44,110421,104],{"class":80},[44,110423,110424,110426,110428,110430],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,110425,95],{"class":94},[44,110427,98],{"class":80},[44,110429,1915],{"class":84},[44,110431,104],{"class":80},[20,110433,107],{},[35,110435,110437],{"className":37,"code":110436,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110438,110439],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110440,110441,110443,110445,110447,110449,110451,110453,110455,110457],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110442,8938],{"class":80},[44,110444,2643],{"class":1675},[44,110446,2646],{"class":80},[44,110448,2649],{"class":1675},[44,110450,2646],{"class":80},[44,110452,2110],{"class":1675},[44,110454,2646],{"class":80},[44,110456,4270],{"class":1675},[44,110458,8969],{"class":80},[30,110460,110462],{"id":110461},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110464,110465],{},"The result includes:",[139,110467,110468,110471],{},[142,110469,110470],{},"items only in the first set",[142,110472,110473],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110475,110476,110477,10743],{},"The result does ",[830,110478,832],{},[139,110480,110481],{},[142,110482,110483],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110485,5136],{},[139,110487,110488,110493],{},[142,110489,110490,110491],{},"first set: ",[15,110492,99944],{},[142,110494,110495,110496],{},"second set: ",[15,110497,110498],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110500,3711,110501,110503],{},[15,110502,1714],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110505,110506],{},"The output is:",[35,110508,110509],{"className":37,"code":110436,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,110510,110511],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110512,110513,110515,110517,110519,110521,110523,110525,110527,110529],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110514,8938],{"class":80},[44,110516,2643],{"class":1675},[44,110518,2646],{"class":80},[44,110520,2649],{"class":1675},[44,110522,2646],{"class":80},[44,110524,2110],{"class":1675},[44,110526,2646],{"class":80},[44,110528,4270],{"class":1675},[44,110530,8969],{"class":80},[20,110532,110533],{},"Also remember:",[139,110535,110536,110539],{},[142,110537,110538],{},"sets are unordered",[142,110540,110541],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[30,110543,11136],{"id":11135},[20,110545,110546],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[35,110548,110550],{"className":37,"code":110549,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110551,110552,110584,110608,110612,110630,110634],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110553,110554,110556,110558,110560,110562,110564,110566,110568,110570,110572,110574,110576,110578,110580,110582],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110555,106687],{"class":50},[44,110557,55],{"class":54},[44,110559,10151],{"class":80},[44,110561,362],{"class":58},[44,110563,12755],{"class":62},[44,110565,362],{"class":58},[44,110567,2646],{"class":80},[44,110569,59],{"class":58},[44,110571,12772],{"class":62},[44,110573,362],{"class":58},[44,110575,2646],{"class":80},[44,110577,59],{"class":58},[44,110579,17121],{"class":62},[44,110581,362],{"class":58},[44,110583,8969],{"class":80},[44,110585,110586,110588,110590,110592,110594,110596,110598,110600,110602,110604,110606],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,110587,106720],{"class":50},[44,110589,55],{"class":54},[44,110591,10151],{"class":80},[44,110593,362],{"class":58},[44,110595,17121],{"class":62},[44,110597,362],{"class":58},[44,110599,2646],{"class":80},[44,110601,59],{"class":58},[44,110603,22191],{"class":62},[44,110605,362],{"class":58},[44,110607,8969],{"class":80},[44,110609,110610],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,110611,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,110613,110614,110616,110618,110620,110622,110624,110626,110628],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,110615,1880],{"class":50},[44,110617,55],{"class":54},[44,110619,106762],{"class":50},[44,110621,81],{"class":80},[44,110623,110255],{"class":84},[44,110625,98],{"class":80},[44,110627,106771],{"class":84},[44,110629,104],{"class":80},[44,110631,110632],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,110633,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,110635,110636,110638,110640,110642],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,110637,95],{"class":94},[44,110639,98],{"class":80},[44,110641,1915],{"class":84},[44,110643,104],{"class":80},[20,110645,107],{},[35,110647,110649],{"className":37,"code":110648,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,110650,110651],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110652,110653,110655,110657,110659,110661,110663,110665,110667,110669,110671,110673,110675,110677],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110654,8938],{"class":80},[44,110656,655],{"class":58},[44,110658,12755],{"class":62},[44,110660,655],{"class":58},[44,110662,2646],{"class":80},[44,110664,2955],{"class":58},[44,110666,12772],{"class":62},[44,110668,655],{"class":58},[44,110670,2646],{"class":80},[44,110672,2955],{"class":58},[44,110674,22191],{"class":62},[44,110676,655],{"class":58},[44,110678,8969],{"class":80},[20,110680,13072],{},[139,110682,110683,110688,110699],{},[142,110684,110685,110687],{},[15,110686,96155],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[142,110689,110690,4057,110692,110695,110696,110698],{},[15,110691,65055],{},[15,110693,110694],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,110697,106824],{},", so they stay",[142,110700,110701,110703,110704,110706],{},[15,110702,109461],{}," is only in ",[15,110705,106771],{},", so it stays",[30,110708,110710,866,110712],{"id":110709},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,110711,110165],{},[15,110713,100076],{},[20,110715,110716],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,110718,110719,2539],{},[15,110720,100076],{},[139,110722,110723,110726],{},[142,110724,110725],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[142,110727,110728],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,110730,110731,2539],{},[15,110732,110165],{},[139,110734,110735,110738],{},[142,110736,110737],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[142,110739,110740],{},"removes shared items",[20,110742,161],{},[35,110744,110746],{"className":37,"code":110745,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110747,110748,110768,110788,110792,110813],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110749,110750,110752,110754,110756,110758,110760,110762,110764,110766],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110751,2208],{"class":50},[44,110753,55],{"class":54},[44,110755,10151],{"class":80},[44,110757,2643],{"class":1675},[44,110759,2646],{"class":80},[44,110761,2649],{"class":1675},[44,110763,2646],{"class":80},[44,110765,2104],{"class":1675},[44,110767,8969],{"class":80},[44,110769,110770,110772,110774,110776,110778,110780,110782,110784,110786],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,110771,2236],{"class":50},[44,110773,55],{"class":54},[44,110775,10151],{"class":80},[44,110777,1714],{"class":1675},[44,110779,2646],{"class":80},[44,110781,2110],{"class":1675},[44,110783,2646],{"class":80},[44,110785,4270],{"class":1675},[44,110787,8969],{"class":80},[44,110789,110790],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,110791,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,110793,110794,110796,110798,110800,110802,110804,110806,110808,110810],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,110795,95],{"class":94},[44,110797,98],{"class":80},[44,110799,243],{"class":84},[44,110801,81],{"class":80},[44,110803,2466],{"class":84},[44,110805,98],{"class":80},[44,110807,842],{"class":84},[44,110809,5025],{"class":80},[44,110811,110812],{"class":3324},"            # {1, 2}\n",[44,110814,110815,110817,110819,110821,110823,110825,110827,110829,110831],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,110816,95],{"class":94},[44,110818,98],{"class":80},[44,110820,243],{"class":84},[44,110822,81],{"class":80},[44,110824,110255],{"class":84},[44,110826,98],{"class":80},[44,110828,842],{"class":84},[44,110830,5025],{"class":80},[44,110832,110274],{"class":3324},[20,110834,18361],{},[139,110836,110837,110844],{},[142,110838,110839,110843],{},[243,110840,110841],{"href":102502},[15,110842,100076],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[142,110845,110846,110848],{},[15,110847,110165],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[30,110850,110852,866,110854],{"id":110851},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,110853,110165],{},[15,110855,102461],{},[20,110857,110858,110860],{},[15,110859,102461],{}," combines both sets.",[20,110862,110863,110865],{},[15,110864,110165],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,110867,161],{},[35,110869,110871],{"className":37,"code":110870,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110872,110873,110893,110913,110917,110939],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110874,110875,110877,110879,110881,110883,110885,110887,110889,110891],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110876,2208],{"class":50},[44,110878,55],{"class":54},[44,110880,10151],{"class":80},[44,110882,2643],{"class":1675},[44,110884,2646],{"class":80},[44,110886,2649],{"class":1675},[44,110888,2646],{"class":80},[44,110890,2104],{"class":1675},[44,110892,8969],{"class":80},[44,110894,110895,110897,110899,110901,110903,110905,110907,110909,110911],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,110896,2236],{"class":50},[44,110898,55],{"class":54},[44,110900,10151],{"class":80},[44,110902,1714],{"class":1675},[44,110904,2646],{"class":80},[44,110906,2110],{"class":1675},[44,110908,2646],{"class":80},[44,110910,4270],{"class":1675},[44,110912,8969],{"class":80},[44,110914,110915],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,110916,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,110918,110919,110921,110923,110925,110927,110930,110932,110934,110936],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,110920,95],{"class":94},[44,110922,98],{"class":80},[44,110924,243],{"class":84},[44,110926,81],{"class":80},[44,110928,110929],{"class":84},"union",[44,110931,98],{"class":80},[44,110933,842],{"class":84},[44,110935,5025],{"class":80},[44,110937,110938],{"class":3324},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[44,110940,110941,110943,110945,110947,110949,110951,110953,110955,110957],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,110942,95],{"class":94},[44,110944,98],{"class":80},[44,110946,243],{"class":84},[44,110948,81],{"class":80},[44,110950,110255],{"class":84},[44,110952,98],{"class":80},[44,110954,842],{"class":84},[44,110956,5025],{"class":80},[44,110958,110274],{"class":3324},[20,110960,26888],{},[139,110962,110963,110968],{},[142,110964,110965,110967],{},[15,110966,102461],{}," includes everything",[142,110969,110970,110972],{},[15,110971,110165],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,110974,18361],{},[139,110976,110977,110984],{},[142,110978,110979,110983],{},[243,110980,110981],{"href":107392},[15,110982,102461],{}," when overlap does not matter",[142,110985,110986,110988],{},[15,110987,110165],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[30,110990,36277,110992,101260],{"id":110991},"using-the-operator",[15,110993,110994],{},"^",[20,110996,110997,110998,111000,111001,81],{},"For sets, the ",[15,110999,110994],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111002,110165],{},[20,111004,161],{},[35,111006,111008],{"className":37,"code":111007,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111009,111010,111030,111050,111054,111072],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111011,111012,111014,111016,111018,111020,111022,111024,111026,111028],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111013,110361],{"class":50},[44,111015,55],{"class":54},[44,111017,10151],{"class":80},[44,111019,2643],{"class":1675},[44,111021,2646],{"class":80},[44,111023,2649],{"class":1675},[44,111025,2646],{"class":80},[44,111027,2104],{"class":1675},[44,111029,8969],{"class":80},[44,111031,111032,111034,111036,111038,111040,111042,111044,111046,111048],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,111033,110382],{"class":50},[44,111035,55],{"class":54},[44,111037,10151],{"class":80},[44,111039,1714],{"class":1675},[44,111041,2646],{"class":80},[44,111043,2110],{"class":1675},[44,111045,2646],{"class":80},[44,111047,4270],{"class":1675},[44,111049,8969],{"class":80},[44,111051,111052],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,111053,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,111055,111056,111058,111060,111062,111064,111066,111068,111070],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,111057,95],{"class":94},[44,111059,98],{"class":80},[44,111061,100247],{"class":84},[44,111063,81],{"class":80},[44,111065,110255],{"class":84},[44,111067,98],{"class":80},[44,111069,100256],{"class":84},[44,111071,370],{"class":80},[44,111073,111074,111076,111078,111080,111082,111085],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,111075,95],{"class":94},[44,111077,98],{"class":80},[44,111079,110361],{"class":84},[44,111081,110994],{"class":54},[44,111083,111084],{"class":84}," set2",[44,111086,104],{"class":80},[20,111088,29697],{},[35,111090,111092],{"className":37,"code":111091,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111093,111094,111114],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111095,111096,111098,111100,111102,111104,111106,111108,111110,111112],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111097,8938],{"class":80},[44,111099,2643],{"class":1675},[44,111101,2646],{"class":80},[44,111103,2649],{"class":1675},[44,111105,2646],{"class":80},[44,111107,2110],{"class":1675},[44,111109,2646],{"class":80},[44,111111,4270],{"class":1675},[44,111113,8969],{"class":80},[44,111115,111116,111118,111120,111122,111124,111126,111128,111130,111132],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,111117,8938],{"class":80},[44,111119,2643],{"class":1675},[44,111121,2646],{"class":80},[44,111123,2649],{"class":1675},[44,111125,2646],{"class":80},[44,111127,2110],{"class":1675},[44,111129,2646],{"class":80},[44,111131,4270],{"class":1675},[44,111133,8969],{"class":80},[20,111135,111136],{},"Both forms:",[139,111138,111139,111142],{},[142,111140,111141],{},"return a new set",[142,111143,111144],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111146,111147],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[30,111149,4183],{"id":4182},[20,111151,20879,111152,2539],{},[15,111153,110165],{},[139,111155,111156,111164,111174,111189],{},[142,111157,111158,111161,111163],{},[830,111159,111160],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9506,111162],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[142,111165,111166,111169,111171,111173],{},[830,111167,111168],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9506,111170],{},[15,111172,110165],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[142,111175,111176,111181,111183,111185,111186,111188],{},[830,111177,111178,111179],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111180,100076],{},[9506,111182],{},[15,111184,100076],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111187,110165],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[142,111190,111191,111194,111196],{},[830,111192,111193],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9506,111195],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111198,58524],{},[139,111200,111201,111210,111213,111216],{},[142,111202,50154,111203,44292,111205,111209],{},[15,111204,110165],{},[243,111206,111207],{"href":107392},[15,111208,102461],{}," is actually needed",[142,111211,111212],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[142,111214,111215],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[142,111217,111218],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111220,111221,111222,81],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[243,111223,98740],{"href":105005},[20,111225,61958],{},[35,111227,111229],{"className":37,"code":111228,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111230,111231,111241,111251,111269,111283,111297],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111232,111233,111235,111237,111239],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111234,95],{"class":94},[44,111236,98],{"class":80},[44,111238,100247],{"class":84},[44,111240,104],{"class":80},[44,111242,111243,111245,111247,111249],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,111244,95],{"class":94},[44,111246,98],{"class":80},[44,111248,100256],{"class":84},[44,111250,104],{"class":80},[44,111252,111253,111255,111257,111259,111261,111263,111265,111267],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,111254,95],{"class":94},[44,111256,98],{"class":80},[44,111258,100247],{"class":84},[44,111260,81],{"class":80},[44,111262,110255],{"class":84},[44,111264,98],{"class":80},[44,111266,100256],{"class":84},[44,111268,370],{"class":80},[44,111270,111271,111273,111275,111277,111279,111281],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,111272,95],{"class":94},[44,111274,98],{"class":80},[44,111276,110361],{"class":84},[44,111278,110994],{"class":54},[44,111280,111084],{"class":84},[44,111282,104],{"class":80},[44,111284,111285,111287,111289,111291,111293,111295],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,111286,95],{"class":94},[44,111288,98],{"class":80},[44,111290,2880],{"class":1461},[44,111292,98],{"class":80},[44,111294,100247],{"class":84},[44,111296,370],{"class":80},[44,111298,111299,111301,111303,111305,111307,111309],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,111300,95],{"class":94},[44,111302,98],{"class":80},[44,111304,2880],{"class":1461},[44,111306,98],{"class":80},[44,111308,100256],{"class":84},[44,111310,370],{"class":80},[30,111312,1478],{"id":1477},[267,111314,1482,111316,102401],{"id":111315},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111317,110165],{},[20,111319,102404],{},[267,111321,4842,111323,4057,111325,1520],{"id":111322},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111324,110165],{},[15,111326,100076],{},[20,111328,111329,111331,111332,111334],{},[15,111330,100076],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111333,110165],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[267,111336,27996,111338,111340],{"id":111337},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111339,110165],{}," with lists?",[20,111342,111343],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111345,161],{},[35,111347,111349],{"className":37,"code":111348,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111350,111351,111371,111391,111395,111422],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111352,111353,111355,111357,111359,111361,111363,111365,111367,111369],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111354,80321],{"class":50},[44,111356,55],{"class":54},[44,111358,3281],{"class":80},[44,111360,2643],{"class":1675},[44,111362,2646],{"class":80},[44,111364,2649],{"class":1675},[44,111366,2646],{"class":80},[44,111368,2104],{"class":1675},[44,111370,3294],{"class":80},[44,111372,111373,111375,111377,111379,111381,111383,111385,111387,111389],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,111374,80342],{"class":50},[44,111376,55],{"class":54},[44,111378,3281],{"class":80},[44,111380,1714],{"class":1675},[44,111382,2646],{"class":80},[44,111384,2110],{"class":1675},[44,111386,2646],{"class":80},[44,111388,4270],{"class":1675},[44,111390,3294],{"class":80},[44,111392,111393],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,111394,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,111396,111397,111399,111401,111403,111405,111408,111410,111412,111414,111416,111418,111420],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,111398,1880],{"class":50},[44,111400,55],{"class":54},[44,111402,15297],{"class":1461},[44,111404,98],{"class":80},[44,111406,111407],{"class":84},"list1",[44,111409,8292],{"class":80},[44,111411,110255],{"class":84},[44,111413,98],{"class":80},[44,111415,5952],{"class":1461},[44,111417,98],{"class":80},[44,111419,80608],{"class":84},[44,111421,370],{"class":80},[44,111423,111424,111426,111428,111430],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,111425,95],{"class":94},[44,111427,98],{"class":80},[44,111429,1915],{"class":84},[44,111431,104],{"class":80},[20,111433,107],{},[35,111435,111436],{"className":37,"code":110436,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,111437,111438],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111439,111440,111442,111444,111446,111448,111450,111452,111454,111456],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111441,8938],{"class":80},[44,111443,2643],{"class":1675},[44,111445,2646],{"class":80},[44,111447,2649],{"class":1675},[44,111449,2646],{"class":80},[44,111451,2110],{"class":1675},[44,111453,2646],{"class":80},[44,111455,4270],{"class":1675},[44,111457,8969],{"class":80},[267,111459,111461],{"id":111460},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111463,111464],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[30,111466,1545],{"id":1544},[139,111468,111469,111473,111478,111484,111490],{},[142,111470,111471],{},[243,111472,95990],{"href":95989},[142,111474,111475],{},[243,111476,111477],{"href":95993},"Creating a set in Python",[142,111479,111480],{},[243,111481,96476,111482,1555],{"href":102502},[15,111483,100076],{},[142,111485,111486],{},[243,111487,96476,111488,1555],{"href":107392},[15,111489,102461],{},[142,111491,111492],{},[243,111493,100006],{"href":105005},[20,111495,111496,111497,839,111499,16737,111501,111503],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111498,100076],{},[15,111500,102461],{},[15,111502,110165],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1577,111505,56903],{},{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":111507},[111508,111509,111511,111512,111513,111514,111516,111518,111520,111521,111530],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":110280,"depth":69,"text":111510},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":110461,"depth":69,"text":110462},{"id":11135,"depth":69,"text":11136},{"id":110709,"depth":69,"text":111515},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":110851,"depth":69,"text":111517},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":110991,"depth":69,"text":111519},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4182,"depth":69,"text":4183},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":111522},[111523,111525,111527,111529],{"id":111315,"depth":91,"text":111524},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111322,"depth":91,"text":111526},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111337,"depth":91,"text":111528},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111460,"depth":91,"text":111461},{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110157,"description":111531},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111538,"title":111539,"body":111540,"description":113603,"extension":1611,"meta":113604,"navigation":184,"path":107392,"seo":113605,"stem":113606,"__hash__":113607},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111541,"toc":113562},[111542,111547,111552,111555,111568,111570,111652,111657,111662,111666,111678,111681,111685,111687,111714,111716,111727,111730,111799,111801,111807,111810,111820,111822,111911,111916,111918,111925,111928,111930,111933,112053,112055,112124,112127,112144,112149,112152,112268,112270,112299,112302,112308,112313,112317,112398,112400,112428,112433,112437,112532,112534,112575,112579,112582,112649,112651,112692,112698,112713,112720,112727,112731,112737,112823,112827,112835,112906,112911,112918,112920,112926,112928,112993,112995,113011,113016,113019,113088,113092,113095,113154,113157,113161,113214,113227,113230,113283,113287,113289,113320,113323,113328,113381,113385,113388,113409,113421,113423,113476,113478,113483,113485,113491,113494,113500,113505,113509,113512,113520,113529,113531,113559],[10,111543,3234,111545,18],{"id":111544},"python-setunion-method",[15,111546,107705],{},[20,111548,111549,111551],{},[15,111550,107705],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111553,111554],{},"It is useful when you want:",[139,111556,111557,111560,111565],{},[142,111558,111559],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[142,111561,2208,111562,111564],{},[830,111563,100431],{}," as the result",[142,111566,111567],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[30,111569,1653],{"id":1652},[35,111571,111573],{"className":37,"code":111572,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111574,111575,111595,111615,111619,111637,111647],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111576,111577,111579,111581,111583,111585,111587,111589,111591,111593],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111578,110361],{"class":50},[44,111580,55],{"class":54},[44,111582,10151],{"class":80},[44,111584,2643],{"class":1675},[44,111586,2646],{"class":80},[44,111588,2649],{"class":1675},[44,111590,2646],{"class":80},[44,111592,2104],{"class":1675},[44,111594,8969],{"class":80},[44,111596,111597,111599,111601,111603,111605,111607,111609,111611,111613],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,111598,110382],{"class":50},[44,111600,55],{"class":54},[44,111602,10151],{"class":80},[44,111604,1714],{"class":1675},[44,111606,2646],{"class":80},[44,111608,2110],{"class":1675},[44,111610,2646],{"class":80},[44,111612,4270],{"class":1675},[44,111614,8969],{"class":80},[44,111616,111617],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,111618,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,111620,111621,111623,111625,111627,111629,111631,111633,111635],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,111622,1880],{"class":50},[44,111624,55],{"class":54},[44,111626,110411],{"class":50},[44,111628,81],{"class":80},[44,111630,110929],{"class":84},[44,111632,98],{"class":80},[44,111634,100256],{"class":84},[44,111636,104],{"class":80},[44,111638,111639,111641,111643,111645],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,111640,95],{"class":94},[44,111642,98],{"class":80},[44,111644,1915],{"class":84},[44,111646,104],{"class":80},[44,111648,111649],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,111650,111651],{"class":3324},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,111653,111654,111656],{},[15,111655,102461],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[30,111658,126,111660,129],{"id":111659},"what-setunion-does",[15,111661,107705],{},[20,111663,111664,2539],{},[15,111665,107705],{},[139,111667,111668,111671,111674,111676],{},[142,111669,111670],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[142,111672,111673],{},"keeps only unique values",[142,111675,110291],{},[142,111677,110300],{},[20,111679,111680],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,111682,95986,111683,81],{},[243,111684,95990],{"href":97161},[30,111686,250],{"id":249},[35,111688,111690],{"className":37,"code":111689,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,111691,111692],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111693,111694,111696,111698,111700,111702,111704,111706,111708,111710,111712],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111695,100247],{"class":50},[44,111697,81],{"class":80},[44,111699,110929],{"class":84},[44,111701,98],{"class":80},[44,111703,100256],{"class":84},[44,111705,2646],{"class":80},[44,111707,100283],{"class":84},[44,111709,2646],{"class":80},[44,111711,34118],{"class":94},[44,111713,104],{"class":80},[20,111715,137],{},[139,111717,111718,111721,111724],{},[142,111719,111720],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[142,111722,111723],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[142,111725,111726],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,111728,111729],{},"Example with two sets:",[35,111731,111733],{"className":37,"code":111732,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111734,111735,111751,111767,111771,111789],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111736,111737,111739,111741,111743,111745,111747,111749],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111738,2208],{"class":50},[44,111740,55],{"class":54},[44,111742,10151],{"class":80},[44,111744,2643],{"class":1675},[44,111746,2646],{"class":80},[44,111748,2649],{"class":1675},[44,111750,8969],{"class":80},[44,111752,111753,111755,111757,111759,111761,111763,111765],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,111754,2236],{"class":50},[44,111756,55],{"class":54},[44,111758,10151],{"class":80},[44,111760,1708],{"class":1675},[44,111762,2646],{"class":80},[44,111764,2104],{"class":1675},[44,111766,8969],{"class":80},[44,111768,111769],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,111770,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,111772,111773,111775,111777,111779,111781,111783,111785,111787],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,111774,1880],{"class":50},[44,111776,55],{"class":54},[44,111778,56549],{"class":50},[44,111780,81],{"class":80},[44,111782,110929],{"class":84},[44,111784,98],{"class":80},[44,111786,842],{"class":84},[44,111788,104],{"class":80},[44,111790,111791,111793,111795,111797],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,111792,95],{"class":94},[44,111794,98],{"class":80},[44,111796,1915],{"class":84},[44,111798,104],{"class":80},[30,111800,21637],{"id":21636},[20,111802,111803,100428,111805,81],{},[15,111804,107705],{},[830,111806,100431],{},[20,111808,111809],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[139,111811,111812,111815],{},[142,111813,111814],{},"the original set",[142,111816,111817,111818],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,111819,102461],{},[20,111821,161],{},[35,111823,111825],{"className":37,"code":111824,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,111826,111827,111843,111859,111863,111881,111885,111898],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111828,111829,111831,111833,111835,111837,111839,111841],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111830,2208],{"class":50},[44,111832,55],{"class":54},[44,111834,10151],{"class":80},[44,111836,2643],{"class":1675},[44,111838,2646],{"class":80},[44,111840,2649],{"class":1675},[44,111842,8969],{"class":80},[44,111844,111845,111847,111849,111851,111853,111855,111857],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,111846,2236],{"class":50},[44,111848,55],{"class":54},[44,111850,10151],{"class":80},[44,111852,1708],{"class":1675},[44,111854,2646],{"class":80},[44,111856,2104],{"class":1675},[44,111858,8969],{"class":80},[44,111860,111861],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,111862,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,111864,111865,111867,111869,111871,111873,111875,111877,111879],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,111866,1880],{"class":50},[44,111868,55],{"class":54},[44,111870,56549],{"class":50},[44,111872,81],{"class":80},[44,111874,110929],{"class":84},[44,111876,98],{"class":80},[44,111878,842],{"class":84},[44,111880,104],{"class":80},[44,111882,111883],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,111884,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,111886,111887,111889,111891,111893,111895],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,111888,95],{"class":94},[44,111890,98],{"class":80},[44,111892,1915],{"class":84},[44,111894,3321],{"class":80},[44,111896,111897],{"class":3324},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[44,111899,111900,111902,111904,111906,111908],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,111901,95],{"class":94},[44,111903,98],{"class":80},[44,111905,243],{"class":84},[44,111907,3321],{"class":80},[44,111909,111910],{"class":3324},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,111912,1937,111913,111915],{},[15,111914,243],{}," did not change.",[20,111917,110533],{},[139,111919,111920,111922],{},[142,111921,110538],{},[142,111923,111924],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,111926,111927],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[30,111929,11136],{"id":11135},[20,111931,111932],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[35,111934,111936],{"className":37,"code":111935,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,111937,111938,111971,112004,112008,112028,112032,112042],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111939,111940,111943,111945,111947,111949,111951,111953,111955,111957,111959,111961,111963,111965,111967,111969],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111941,111942],{"class":50},"fruits1 ",[44,111944,55],{"class":54},[44,111946,10151],{"class":80},[44,111948,362],{"class":58},[44,111950,3741],{"class":62},[44,111952,362],{"class":58},[44,111954,2646],{"class":80},[44,111956,59],{"class":58},[44,111958,3750],{"class":62},[44,111960,362],{"class":58},[44,111962,2646],{"class":80},[44,111964,59],{"class":58},[44,111966,32887],{"class":62},[44,111968,362],{"class":58},[44,111970,8969],{"class":80},[44,111972,111973,111976,111978,111980,111982,111984,111986,111988,111990,111992,111994,111996,111998,112000,112002],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,111974,111975],{"class":50},"fruits2 ",[44,111977,55],{"class":54},[44,111979,10151],{"class":80},[44,111981,362],{"class":58},[44,111983,3750],{"class":62},[44,111985,362],{"class":58},[44,111987,2646],{"class":80},[44,111989,59],{"class":58},[44,111991,22200],{"class":62},[44,111993,362],{"class":58},[44,111995,2646],{"class":80},[44,111997,59],{"class":58},[44,111999,32887],{"class":62},[44,112001,362],{"class":58},[44,112003,8969],{"class":80},[44,112005,112006],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,112007,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,112009,112010,112012,112014,112017,112019,112021,112023,112026],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,112011,1880],{"class":50},[44,112013,55],{"class":54},[44,112015,112016],{"class":50}," fruits1",[44,112018,81],{"class":80},[44,112020,110929],{"class":84},[44,112022,98],{"class":80},[44,112024,112025],{"class":84},"fruits2",[44,112027,104],{"class":80},[44,112029,112030],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,112031,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,112033,112034,112036,112038,112040],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,112035,95],{"class":94},[44,112037,98],{"class":80},[44,112039,1915],{"class":84},[44,112041,104],{"class":80},[44,112043,112044,112046,112048,112051],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,112045,95],{"class":94},[44,112047,98],{"class":80},[44,112049,112050],{"class":84},"fruits1",[44,112052,104],{"class":80},[20,112054,29697],{},[35,112056,112058],{"className":37,"code":112057,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112059,112060,112096],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112061,112062,112064,112066,112068,112070,112072,112074,112076,112078,112080,112082,112084,112086,112088,112090,112092,112094],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112063,8938],{"class":80},[44,112065,655],{"class":58},[44,112067,3750],{"class":62},[44,112069,655],{"class":58},[44,112071,2646],{"class":80},[44,112073,2955],{"class":58},[44,112075,32887],{"class":62},[44,112077,655],{"class":58},[44,112079,2646],{"class":80},[44,112081,2955],{"class":58},[44,112083,3741],{"class":62},[44,112085,655],{"class":58},[44,112087,2646],{"class":80},[44,112089,2955],{"class":58},[44,112091,22200],{"class":62},[44,112093,655],{"class":58},[44,112095,8969],{"class":80},[44,112097,112098,112100,112102,112104,112106,112108,112110,112112,112114,112116,112118,112120,112122],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,112099,8938],{"class":80},[44,112101,655],{"class":58},[44,112103,3750],{"class":62},[44,112105,655],{"class":58},[44,112107,2646],{"class":80},[44,112109,2955],{"class":58},[44,112111,32887],{"class":62},[44,112113,655],{"class":58},[44,112115,2646],{"class":80},[44,112117,2955],{"class":58},[44,112119,3741],{"class":62},[44,112121,655],{"class":58},[44,112123,8969],{"class":80},[20,112125,112126],{},"What this shows:",[139,112128,112129,112136,112139],{},[142,112130,112131,4057,112133,112135],{},[15,112132,64937],{},[15,112134,65364],{}," appear in both sets",[142,112137,112138],{},"they appear only once in the result",[142,112140,112141,112143],{},[15,112142,112050],{}," stays unchanged",[30,112145,675,112147,100820],{"id":112146},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112148,102461],{},[20,112150,112151],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[35,112153,112155],{"className":37,"code":112154,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112156,112157,112173,112189,112206,112223,112227,112254,112258],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112158,112159,112161,112163,112165,112167,112169,112171],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112160,110361],{"class":50},[44,112162,55],{"class":54},[44,112164,10151],{"class":80},[44,112166,2643],{"class":1675},[44,112168,2646],{"class":80},[44,112170,2649],{"class":1675},[44,112172,8969],{"class":80},[44,112174,112175,112177,112179,112181,112183,112185,112187],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,112176,110382],{"class":50},[44,112178,55],{"class":54},[44,112180,10151],{"class":80},[44,112182,1708],{"class":1675},[44,112184,2646],{"class":80},[44,112186,2104],{"class":1675},[44,112188,8969],{"class":80},[44,112190,112191,112194,112196,112198,112200,112202,112204],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,112192,112193],{"class":50},"set3 ",[44,112195,55],{"class":54},[44,112197,10151],{"class":80},[44,112199,1714],{"class":1675},[44,112201,2646],{"class":80},[44,112203,2110],{"class":1675},[44,112205,8969],{"class":80},[44,112207,112208,112211,112213,112215,112217,112219,112221],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,112209,112210],{"class":50},"set4 ",[44,112212,55],{"class":54},[44,112214,10151],{"class":80},[44,112216,2158],{"class":1675},[44,112218,2646],{"class":80},[44,112220,4270],{"class":1675},[44,112222,8969],{"class":80},[44,112224,112225],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,112226,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,112228,112229,112231,112233,112235,112237,112239,112241,112243,112245,112247,112249,112252],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,112230,1880],{"class":50},[44,112232,55],{"class":54},[44,112234,110411],{"class":50},[44,112236,81],{"class":80},[44,112238,110929],{"class":84},[44,112240,98],{"class":80},[44,112242,100256],{"class":84},[44,112244,2646],{"class":80},[44,112246,100283],{"class":84},[44,112248,2646],{"class":80},[44,112250,112251],{"class":84}," set4",[44,112253,104],{"class":80},[44,112255,112256],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,112257,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,112259,112260,112262,112264,112266],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,112261,95],{"class":94},[44,112263,98],{"class":80},[44,112265,1915],{"class":84},[44,112267,104],{"class":80},[20,112269,29697],{},[35,112271,112273],{"className":37,"code":112272,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112274,112275],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112276,112277,112279,112281,112283,112285,112287,112289,112291,112293,112295,112297],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112278,8938],{"class":80},[44,112280,2643],{"class":1675},[44,112282,2646],{"class":80},[44,112284,2649],{"class":1675},[44,112286,2646],{"class":80},[44,112288,2104],{"class":1675},[44,112290,2646],{"class":80},[44,112292,2110],{"class":1675},[44,112294,2646],{"class":80},[44,112296,4270],{"class":1675},[44,112298,8969],{"class":80},[20,112300,112301],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[30,112303,675,112305,112307],{"id":112304},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112306,102461],{}," with other iterables",[20,112309,112310,112312],{},[15,112311,102461],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[267,112314,112316],{"id":112315},"with-a-list","With a list",[35,112318,112320],{"className":37,"code":112319,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112321,112322,112342,112366,112370,112388],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112323,112324,112326,112328,112330,112332,112334,112336,112338,112340],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112325,3276],{"class":50},[44,112327,55],{"class":54},[44,112329,10151],{"class":80},[44,112331,2643],{"class":1675},[44,112333,2646],{"class":80},[44,112335,2649],{"class":1675},[44,112337,2646],{"class":80},[44,112339,2104],{"class":1675},[44,112341,8969],{"class":80},[44,112343,112344,112346,112348,112350,112352,112354,112356,112358,112360,112362,112364],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,112345,60710],{"class":50},[44,112347,55],{"class":54},[44,112349,3281],{"class":80},[44,112351,1714],{"class":1675},[44,112353,2646],{"class":80},[44,112355,2110],{"class":1675},[44,112357,2646],{"class":80},[44,112359,4270],{"class":1675},[44,112361,2646],{"class":80},[44,112363,4270],{"class":1675},[44,112365,3294],{"class":80},[44,112367,112368],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,112369,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,112371,112372,112374,112376,112378,112380,112382,112384,112386],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,112373,1880],{"class":50},[44,112375,55],{"class":54},[44,112377,3926],{"class":50},[44,112379,81],{"class":80},[44,112381,110929],{"class":84},[44,112383,98],{"class":80},[44,112385,60739],{"class":84},[44,112387,104],{"class":80},[44,112389,112390,112392,112394,112396],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,112391,95],{"class":94},[44,112393,98],{"class":80},[44,112395,1915],{"class":84},[44,112397,104],{"class":80},[20,112399,29697],{},[35,112401,112402],{"className":37,"code":112272,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,112403,112404],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112405,112406,112408,112410,112412,112414,112416,112418,112420,112422,112424,112426],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112407,8938],{"class":80},[44,112409,2643],{"class":1675},[44,112411,2646],{"class":80},[44,112413,2649],{"class":1675},[44,112415,2646],{"class":80},[44,112417,2104],{"class":1675},[44,112419,2646],{"class":80},[44,112421,2110],{"class":1675},[44,112423,2646],{"class":80},[44,112425,4270],{"class":1675},[44,112427,8969],{"class":80},[20,112429,20645,112430,112432],{},[15,112431,1789],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[267,112434,112436],{"id":112435},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[35,112438,112440],{"className":37,"code":112439,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112441,112442,112466,112499,112503,112522],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112443,112444,112446,112448,112450,112452,112454,112456,112458,112460,112462,112464],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112445,35755],{"class":50},[44,112447,55],{"class":54},[44,112449,10151],{"class":80},[44,112451,362],{"class":58},[44,112453,243],{"class":62},[44,112455,362],{"class":58},[44,112457,2646],{"class":80},[44,112459,59],{"class":58},[44,112461,842],{"class":62},[44,112463,362],{"class":58},[44,112465,8969],{"class":80},[44,112467,112468,112471,112473,112475,112477,112479,112481,112483,112485,112487,112489,112491,112493,112495,112497],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,112469,112470],{"class":50},"more_letters ",[44,112472,55],{"class":54},[44,112474,8896],{"class":80},[44,112476,362],{"class":58},[44,112478,842],{"class":62},[44,112480,362],{"class":58},[44,112482,2646],{"class":80},[44,112484,59],{"class":58},[44,112486,846],{"class":62},[44,112488,362],{"class":58},[44,112490,2646],{"class":80},[44,112492,59],{"class":58},[44,112494,18434],{"class":62},[44,112496,362],{"class":58},[44,112498,104],{"class":80},[44,112500,112501],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,112502,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,112504,112505,112507,112509,112511,112513,112515,112517,112520],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,112506,1880],{"class":50},[44,112508,55],{"class":54},[44,112510,69759],{"class":50},[44,112512,81],{"class":80},[44,112514,110929],{"class":84},[44,112516,98],{"class":80},[44,112518,112519],{"class":84},"more_letters",[44,112521,104],{"class":80},[44,112523,112524,112526,112528,112530],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,112525,95],{"class":94},[44,112527,98],{"class":80},[44,112529,1915],{"class":84},[44,112531,104],{"class":80},[20,112533,29697],{},[35,112535,112537],{"className":37,"code":112536,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112538,112539],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112540,112541,112543,112545,112547,112549,112551,112553,112555,112557,112559,112561,112563,112565,112567,112569,112571,112573],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112542,8938],{"class":80},[44,112544,655],{"class":58},[44,112546,243],{"class":62},[44,112548,655],{"class":58},[44,112550,2646],{"class":80},[44,112552,2955],{"class":58},[44,112554,842],{"class":62},[44,112556,655],{"class":58},[44,112558,2646],{"class":80},[44,112560,2955],{"class":58},[44,112562,846],{"class":62},[44,112564,655],{"class":58},[44,112566,2646],{"class":80},[44,112568,2955],{"class":58},[44,112570,18434],{"class":62},[44,112572,655],{"class":58},[44,112574,8969],{"class":80},[267,112576,112578],{"id":112577},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112580,112581],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[35,112583,112585],{"className":37,"code":112584,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112586,112587,112612,112635,112639],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112588,112589,112592,112594,112596,112598,112600,112602,112604,112606,112608,112610],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112590,112591],{"class":50},"chars ",[44,112593,55],{"class":54},[44,112595,10151],{"class":80},[44,112597,362],{"class":58},[44,112599,243],{"class":62},[44,112601,362],{"class":58},[44,112603,2646],{"class":80},[44,112605,59],{"class":58},[44,112607,842],{"class":62},[44,112609,362],{"class":58},[44,112611,8969],{"class":80},[44,112613,112614,112616,112618,112621,112623,112625,112627,112629,112631,112633],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,112615,1880],{"class":50},[44,112617,55],{"class":54},[44,112619,112620],{"class":50}," chars",[44,112622,81],{"class":80},[44,112624,110929],{"class":84},[44,112626,98],{"class":80},[44,112628,362],{"class":58},[44,112630,36712],{"class":62},[44,112632,362],{"class":58},[44,112634,104],{"class":80},[44,112636,112637],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,112638,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,112640,112641,112643,112645,112647],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,112642,95],{"class":94},[44,112644,98],{"class":80},[44,112646,1915],{"class":84},[44,112648,104],{"class":80},[20,112650,29697],{},[35,112652,112654],{"className":37,"code":112653,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112655,112656],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112657,112658,112660,112662,112664,112666,112668,112670,112672,112674,112676,112678,112680,112682,112684,112686,112688,112690],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112659,8938],{"class":80},[44,112661,655],{"class":58},[44,112663,243],{"class":62},[44,112665,655],{"class":58},[44,112667,2646],{"class":80},[44,112669,2955],{"class":58},[44,112671,842],{"class":62},[44,112673,655],{"class":58},[44,112675,2646],{"class":80},[44,112677,2955],{"class":58},[44,112679,846],{"class":62},[44,112681,655],{"class":58},[44,112683,2646],{"class":80},[44,112685,2955],{"class":58},[44,112687,1107],{"class":62},[44,112689,655],{"class":58},[44,112691,8969],{"class":80},[20,112693,21856,112694,112697],{},[15,112695,112696],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[139,112699,112700,112704,112708],{},[142,112701,112702],{},[15,112703,66144],{},[142,112705,112706],{},[15,112707,17762],{},[142,112709,112710],{},[15,112711,112712],{},"\"t\"",[30,112714,112716,866,112718],{"id":112715},"union-vs-update",[15,112717,102461],{},[15,112719,14617],{},[20,112721,112722,4057,112724,112726],{},[15,112723,102461],{},[15,112725,14617],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[267,112728,112729],{"id":110929},[15,112730,102461],{},[139,112732,112733,112735],{},[142,112734,110291],{},[142,112736,110300],{},[35,112738,112739],{"className":37,"code":111824,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,112740,112741,112757,112773,112777,112795,112799,112811],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112742,112743,112745,112747,112749,112751,112753,112755],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112744,2208],{"class":50},[44,112746,55],{"class":54},[44,112748,10151],{"class":80},[44,112750,2643],{"class":1675},[44,112752,2646],{"class":80},[44,112754,2649],{"class":1675},[44,112756,8969],{"class":80},[44,112758,112759,112761,112763,112765,112767,112769,112771],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,112760,2236],{"class":50},[44,112762,55],{"class":54},[44,112764,10151],{"class":80},[44,112766,1708],{"class":1675},[44,112768,2646],{"class":80},[44,112770,2104],{"class":1675},[44,112772,8969],{"class":80},[44,112774,112775],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,112776,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,112778,112779,112781,112783,112785,112787,112789,112791,112793],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,112780,1880],{"class":50},[44,112782,55],{"class":54},[44,112784,56549],{"class":50},[44,112786,81],{"class":80},[44,112788,110929],{"class":84},[44,112790,98],{"class":80},[44,112792,842],{"class":84},[44,112794,104],{"class":80},[44,112796,112797],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,112798,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,112800,112801,112803,112805,112807,112809],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,112802,95],{"class":94},[44,112804,98],{"class":80},[44,112806,1915],{"class":84},[44,112808,3321],{"class":80},[44,112810,111897],{"class":3324},[44,112812,112813,112815,112817,112819,112821],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,112814,95],{"class":94},[44,112816,98],{"class":80},[44,112818,243],{"class":84},[44,112820,3321],{"class":80},[44,112822,111910],{"class":3324},[267,112824,112825],{"id":30132},[15,112826,14617],{},[139,112828,112829,112832],{},[142,112830,112831],{},"changes the existing set in place",[142,112833,112834],{},"does not create a separate result set",[35,112836,112838],{"className":37,"code":112837,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,112839,112840,112856,112872,112876,112890,112894],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112841,112842,112844,112846,112848,112850,112852,112854],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112843,2208],{"class":50},[44,112845,55],{"class":54},[44,112847,10151],{"class":80},[44,112849,2643],{"class":1675},[44,112851,2646],{"class":80},[44,112853,2649],{"class":1675},[44,112855,8969],{"class":80},[44,112857,112858,112860,112862,112864,112866,112868,112870],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,112859,2236],{"class":50},[44,112861,55],{"class":54},[44,112863,10151],{"class":80},[44,112865,1708],{"class":1675},[44,112867,2646],{"class":80},[44,112869,2104],{"class":1675},[44,112871,8969],{"class":80},[44,112873,112874],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,112875,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,112877,112878,112880,112882,112884,112886,112888],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,112879,243],{"class":50},[44,112881,81],{"class":80},[44,112883,30132],{"class":84},[44,112885,98],{"class":80},[44,112887,842],{"class":84},[44,112889,104],{"class":80},[44,112891,112892],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,112893,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,112895,112896,112898,112900,112902,112904],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,112897,95],{"class":94},[44,112899,98],{"class":80},[44,112901,243],{"class":84},[44,112903,3321],{"class":80},[44,112905,111897],{"class":3324},[20,112907,119,112908,112910],{},[15,112909,102461],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,112912,112913,112914,81],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[243,112915,3234,112916,1555],{"href":98181},[15,112917,96976],{},[30,112919,4183],{"id":4182},[267,112921,1246,112923,112925],{"id":112922},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,112924,102461],{}," to change the original set",[20,112927,81490],{},[35,112929,112931],{"className":37,"code":112930,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112932,112933,112949,112965,112969,112983],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112934,112935,112937,112939,112941,112943,112945,112947],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112936,2208],{"class":50},[44,112938,55],{"class":54},[44,112940,10151],{"class":80},[44,112942,2643],{"class":1675},[44,112944,2646],{"class":80},[44,112946,2649],{"class":1675},[44,112948,8969],{"class":80},[44,112950,112951,112953,112955,112957,112959,112961,112963],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,112952,2236],{"class":50},[44,112954,55],{"class":54},[44,112956,10151],{"class":80},[44,112958,1708],{"class":1675},[44,112960,2646],{"class":80},[44,112962,2104],{"class":1675},[44,112964,8969],{"class":80},[44,112966,112967],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,112968,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,112970,112971,112973,112975,112977,112979,112981],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,112972,243],{"class":50},[44,112974,81],{"class":80},[44,112976,110929],{"class":84},[44,112978,98],{"class":80},[44,112980,842],{"class":84},[44,112982,104],{"class":80},[44,112984,112985,112987,112989,112991],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,112986,95],{"class":94},[44,112988,98],{"class":80},[44,112990,243],{"class":84},[44,112992,104],{"class":80},[20,112994,107],{},[35,112996,112997],{"className":37,"code":100169,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,112998,112999],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113000,113001,113003,113005,113007,113009],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113002,8938],{"class":80},[44,113004,2643],{"class":1675},[44,113006,2646],{"class":80},[44,113008,2649],{"class":1675},[44,113010,8969],{"class":80},[20,113012,8156,113013,113015],{},[15,113014,102461],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113017,113018],{},"Fix it like this:",[35,113020,113022],{"className":37,"code":113021,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113023,113024,113040,113056,113060,113078],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113025,113026,113028,113030,113032,113034,113036,113038],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113027,2208],{"class":50},[44,113029,55],{"class":54},[44,113031,10151],{"class":80},[44,113033,2643],{"class":1675},[44,113035,2646],{"class":80},[44,113037,2649],{"class":1675},[44,113039,8969],{"class":80},[44,113041,113042,113044,113046,113048,113050,113052,113054],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,113043,2236],{"class":50},[44,113045,55],{"class":54},[44,113047,10151],{"class":80},[44,113049,1708],{"class":1675},[44,113051,2646],{"class":80},[44,113053,2104],{"class":1675},[44,113055,8969],{"class":80},[44,113057,113058],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,113059,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,113061,113062,113064,113066,113068,113070,113072,113074,113076],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,113063,2208],{"class":50},[44,113065,55],{"class":54},[44,113067,56549],{"class":50},[44,113069,81],{"class":80},[44,113071,110929],{"class":84},[44,113073,98],{"class":80},[44,113075,842],{"class":84},[44,113077,104],{"class":80},[44,113079,113080,113082,113084,113086],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,113081,95],{"class":94},[44,113083,98],{"class":80},[44,113085,243],{"class":84},[44,113087,104],{"class":80},[267,113089,113091],{"id":113090},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113093,113094],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[35,113096,113098],{"className":37,"code":113097,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113099,113100,113116,113132,113136],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113101,113102,113104,113106,113108,113110,113112,113114],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113103,2208],{"class":50},[44,113105,55],{"class":54},[44,113107,10151],{"class":80},[44,113109,1714],{"class":1675},[44,113111,2646],{"class":80},[44,113113,5162],{"class":1675},[44,113115,8969],{"class":80},[44,113117,113118,113120,113122,113124,113126,113128,113130],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,113119,2236],{"class":50},[44,113121,55],{"class":54},[44,113123,10151],{"class":80},[44,113125,1708],{"class":1675},[44,113127,2646],{"class":80},[44,113129,2110],{"class":1675},[44,113131,8969],{"class":80},[44,113133,113134],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,113135,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,113137,113138,113140,113142,113144,113146,113148,113150,113152],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,113139,95],{"class":94},[44,113141,98],{"class":80},[44,113143,243],{"class":84},[44,113145,81],{"class":80},[44,113147,110929],{"class":84},[44,113149,98],{"class":80},[44,113151,842],{"class":84},[44,113153,370],{"class":80},[20,113155,113156],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[267,113158,113160],{"id":113159},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[35,113162,113164],{"className":37,"code":113163,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113165,113166,113182,113204],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113167,113168,113170,113172,113174,113176,113178,113180],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113169,3732],{"class":50},[44,113171,55],{"class":54},[44,113173,10151],{"class":80},[44,113175,362],{"class":58},[44,113177,57789],{"class":62},[44,113179,362],{"class":58},[44,113181,8969],{"class":80},[44,113183,113184,113186,113188,113190,113192,113194,113196,113198,113200,113202],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,113185,1880],{"class":50},[44,113187,55],{"class":54},[44,113189,5834],{"class":50},[44,113191,81],{"class":80},[44,113193,110929],{"class":84},[44,113195,98],{"class":80},[44,113197,362],{"class":58},[44,113199,36712],{"class":62},[44,113201,362],{"class":58},[44,113203,104],{"class":80},[44,113205,113206,113208,113210,113212],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,113207,95],{"class":94},[44,113209,98],{"class":80},[44,113211,1915],{"class":84},[44,113213,104],{"class":80},[20,113215,113216,113217,839,113219,16737,113221,113223,113224,113226],{},"This adds ",[15,113218,66144],{},[15,113220,17762],{},[15,113222,112712],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113225,112696],{}," as one item.",[20,113228,113229],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[35,113231,113233],{"className":37,"code":113232,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113234,113235,113251,113273],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113236,113237,113239,113241,113243,113245,113247,113249],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113238,3732],{"class":50},[44,113240,55],{"class":54},[44,113242,10151],{"class":80},[44,113244,362],{"class":58},[44,113246,57789],{"class":62},[44,113248,362],{"class":58},[44,113250,8969],{"class":80},[44,113252,113253,113255,113257,113259,113261,113263,113265,113267,113269,113271],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,113254,1880],{"class":50},[44,113256,55],{"class":54},[44,113258,5834],{"class":50},[44,113260,81],{"class":80},[44,113262,110929],{"class":84},[44,113264,2640],{"class":80},[44,113266,362],{"class":58},[44,113268,36712],{"class":62},[44,113270,362],{"class":58},[44,113272,3549],{"class":80},[44,113274,113275,113277,113279,113281],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,113276,95],{"class":94},[44,113278,98],{"class":80},[44,113280,1915],{"class":84},[44,113282,104],{"class":80},[267,113284,113286],{"id":113285},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113288,2490],{},[35,113290,113292],{"className":37,"code":113291,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113293,113294],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113295,113296,113298,113300,113302,113304,113306,113308,113310,113312,113314,113316,113318],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113297,15292],{"class":50},[44,113299,55],{"class":54},[44,113301,10151],{"class":80},[44,113303,2643],{"class":1675},[44,113305,2646],{"class":80},[44,113307,2649],{"class":1675},[44,113309,2646],{"class":80},[44,113311,3281],{"class":80},[44,113313,1714],{"class":1675},[44,113315,2646],{"class":80},[44,113317,2110],{"class":1675},[44,113319,13369],{"class":80},[20,113321,113322],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113324,113325,113326,2539],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113327,102461],{},[35,113329,113331],{"className":37,"code":113330,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113332,113333,113349,113371],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113334,113335,113337,113339,113341,113343,113345,113347],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113336,15292],{"class":50},[44,113338,55],{"class":54},[44,113340,10151],{"class":80},[44,113342,2643],{"class":1675},[44,113344,2646],{"class":80},[44,113346,2649],{"class":1675},[44,113348,8969],{"class":80},[44,113350,113351,113353,113355,113357,113359,113361,113363,113365,113367,113369],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,113352,1880],{"class":50},[44,113354,55],{"class":54},[44,113356,96586],{"class":50},[44,113358,81],{"class":80},[44,113360,110929],{"class":84},[44,113362,2640],{"class":80},[44,113364,1714],{"class":1675},[44,113366,2646],{"class":80},[44,113368,2110],{"class":1675},[44,113370,3549],{"class":80},[44,113372,113373,113375,113377,113379],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,113374,95],{"class":94},[44,113376,98],{"class":80},[44,113378,1915],{"class":84},[44,113380,104],{"class":80},[30,113382,113384],{"id":113383},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113386,113387],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[139,113389,113390,113396,113403,113406],{},[142,113391,113392,113393,113395],{},"call ",[15,113394,102461],{}," without saving the returned set",[142,113397,113398,113399,8363,113401],{},"confuse ",[15,113400,102461],{},[15,113402,14617],{},[142,113404,113405],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[142,113407,113408],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113410,113411,113412,4057,113416,81],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[243,113413,3234,113414,1555],{"href":102450},[15,113415,106235],{},[243,113417,3234,113419,1555],{"href":113418},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113420,100081],{},[20,113422,61958],{},[35,113424,113426],{"className":37,"code":113425,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113427,113428,113438,113452,113462],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113429,113430,113432,113434,113436],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113431,95],{"class":94},[44,113433,98],{"class":80},[44,113435,15330],{"class":84},[44,113437,104],{"class":80},[44,113439,113440,113442,113444,113446,113448,113450],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,113441,95],{"class":94},[44,113443,98],{"class":80},[44,113445,2880],{"class":1461},[44,113447,98],{"class":80},[44,113449,15330],{"class":84},[44,113451,370],{"class":80},[44,113453,113454,113456,113458,113460],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,113455,95],{"class":94},[44,113457,98],{"class":80},[44,113459,1915],{"class":84},[44,113461,104],{"class":80},[44,113463,113464,113466,113468,113470,113472,113474],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,113465,1456],{"class":94},[44,113467,98],{"class":80},[44,113469,5952],{"class":1461},[44,113471,81],{"class":80},[44,113473,110929],{"class":1467},[44,113475,104],{"class":80},[30,113477,1478],{"id":1477},[267,113479,1482,113481,102401],{"id":113480},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113482,107705],{},[20,113484,102404],{},[267,113486,4832,113488,113490],{"id":113487},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113489,102461],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113492,113493],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[267,113495,27996,113497,113499],{"id":113496},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113498,102461],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113501,41816,113502,113504],{},[15,113503,102461],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[267,113506,113508],{"id":113507},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113510,113511],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[267,113513,4842,113515,4057,113517,1520],{"id":113514},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113516,102461],{},[15,113518,113519],{},"|",[20,113521,113522,113523,113525,113526,113528],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113524,113519],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113527,102461],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[30,113530,1545],{"id":1544},[139,113532,113533,113537,113543,113549,113555],{},[142,113534,113535],{},[243,113536,95990],{"href":97161},[142,113538,113539],{},[243,113540,3234,113541,1555],{"href":98181},[15,113542,96976],{},[142,113544,113545],{},[243,113546,3234,113547,1555],{"href":102450},[15,113548,106235],{},[142,113550,113551],{},[243,113552,3234,113553,1555],{"href":113418},[15,113554,100081],{},[142,113556,113557],{},[243,113558,100006],{"href":98739},[1577,113560,113561],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":113563},[113564,113565,113567,113568,113569,113570,113572,113578,113583,113590,113591,113602],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":111659,"depth":69,"text":113566},"What set.union() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":21636,"depth":69,"text":21637},{"id":11135,"depth":69,"text":11136},{"id":112146,"depth":69,"text":113571},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112304,"depth":69,"text":113573,"children":113574},"Using union() with other iterables",[113575,113576,113577],{"id":112315,"depth":91,"text":112316},{"id":112435,"depth":91,"text":112436},{"id":112577,"depth":91,"text":112578},{"id":112715,"depth":69,"text":113579,"children":113580},"union() vs update()",[113581,113582],{"id":110929,"depth":91,"text":102461},{"id":30132,"depth":91,"text":14617},{"id":4182,"depth":69,"text":4183,"children":113584},[113585,113587,113588,113589],{"id":112922,"depth":91,"text":113586},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113090,"depth":91,"text":113091},{"id":113159,"depth":91,"text":113160},{"id":113285,"depth":91,"text":113286},{"id":113383,"depth":69,"text":113384},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":113592},[113593,113595,113597,113599,113600],{"id":113480,"depth":91,"text":113594},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113487,"depth":91,"text":113596},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113496,"depth":91,"text":113598},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113507,"depth":91,"text":113508},{"id":113514,"depth":91,"text":113601},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111539,"description":113603},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113609,"title":113610,"body":113611,"description":115500,"extension":1611,"meta":115501,"navigation":184,"path":96475,"seo":115502,"stem":115503,"__hash__":115504},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113612,"toc":115466},[113613,113618,113623,113631,113633,113691,113696,113701,113705,113717,113720,113794,113799,113801,113803,113822,113824,113841,113844,113871,113873,113943,113947,113949,113955,113957,114018,114023,114025,114082,114086,114091,114156,114158,114178,114185,114189,114194,114279,114282,114289,114392,114396,114401,114459,114462,114473,114487,114494,114552,114559,114562,114572,114576,114634,114638,114704,114707,114765,114772,114779,114782,114786,114795,114864,114868,114874,114962,114972,114976,114980,114984,114987,115048,115053,115110,115114,115116,115151,115158,115160,115214,115221,115225,115228,115293,115302,115308,115365,115367,115372,115376,115380,115383,115390,115398,115402,115407,115411,115417,115419,115454,115463],[10,113614,95862,113616,18],{"id":113615},"python-set-update-method",[15,113617,14617],{},[20,113619,113620,113622],{},[15,113621,96976],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113624,113625,113626,113630],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[243,113627,113628],{"href":98162},[15,113629,95870],{},", which adds only one item.",[30,113632,33],{"id":32},[35,113634,113636],{"className":37,"code":113635,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113637,113638,113654,113676,113686],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113639,113640,113642,113644,113646,113648,113650,113652],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113641,3276],{"class":50},[44,113643,55],{"class":54},[44,113645,10151],{"class":80},[44,113647,2643],{"class":1675},[44,113649,2646],{"class":80},[44,113651,2649],{"class":1675},[44,113653,8969],{"class":80},[44,113655,113656,113658,113660,113662,113664,113666,113668,113670,113672,113674],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,113657,3308],{"class":50},[44,113659,81],{"class":80},[44,113661,30132],{"class":84},[44,113663,2640],{"class":80},[44,113665,1708],{"class":1675},[44,113667,2646],{"class":80},[44,113669,2104],{"class":1675},[44,113671,2646],{"class":80},[44,113673,2110],{"class":1675},[44,113675,3549],{"class":80},[44,113677,113678,113680,113682,113684],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,113679,95],{"class":94},[44,113681,98],{"class":80},[44,113683,3308],{"class":84},[44,113685,104],{"class":80},[44,113687,113688],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,113689,113690],{"class":3324},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,113692,119,113693,113695],{},[15,113694,14617],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[30,113697,126,113699,129],{"id":113698},"what-setupdate-does",[15,113700,96976],{},[20,113702,113703,2539],{},[15,113704,96976],{},[139,113706,113707,113710,113712,113715],{},[142,113708,113709],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[142,113711,95977],{},[142,113713,113714],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[142,113716,95980],{},[20,113718,113719],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[35,113721,113723],{"className":37,"code":113722,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,113724,113725,113749,113775,113779,113789],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113726,113727,113729,113731,113733,113735,113737,113739,113741,113743,113745,113747],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113728,12738],{"class":50},[44,113730,55],{"class":54},[44,113732,10151],{"class":80},[44,113734,362],{"class":58},[44,113736,12755],{"class":62},[44,113738,362],{"class":58},[44,113740,2646],{"class":80},[44,113742,59],{"class":58},[44,113744,12772],{"class":62},[44,113746,362],{"class":58},[44,113748,8969],{"class":80},[44,113750,113751,113753,113755,113757,113759,113761,113763,113765,113767,113769,113771,113773],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,113752,17168],{"class":50},[44,113754,81],{"class":80},[44,113756,30132],{"class":84},[44,113758,2640],{"class":80},[44,113760,362],{"class":58},[44,113762,12772],{"class":62},[44,113764,362],{"class":58},[44,113766,2646],{"class":80},[44,113768,59],{"class":58},[44,113770,17121],{"class":62},[44,113772,362],{"class":58},[44,113774,3549],{"class":80},[44,113776,113777],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,113778,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,113780,113781,113783,113785,113787],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,113782,95],{"class":94},[44,113784,98],{"class":80},[44,113786,17168],{"class":84},[44,113788,104],{"class":80},[44,113790,113791],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,113792,113793],{"class":3324},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,113795,20645,113796,113798],{},[15,113797,110694],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[30,113800,250],{"id":249},[20,113802,6880],{},[35,113804,113806],{"className":37,"code":113805,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,113807,113808],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113809,113810,113812,113814,113816,113818,113820],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113811,15330],{"class":50},[44,113813,81],{"class":80},[44,113815,30132],{"class":84},[44,113817,98],{"class":80},[44,113819,3381],{"class":84},[44,113821,104],{"class":80},[20,113823,79866],{},[139,113825,113826,113829,113832,113835,113838],{},[142,113827,113828],{},"A list",[142,113830,113831],{},"A tuple",[142,113833,113834],{},"Another set",[142,113836,113837],{},"A string",[142,113839,113840],{},"Any other iterable",[20,113842,113843],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[35,113845,113847],{"className":37,"code":113846,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,113848,113849],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113850,113851,113853,113855,113857,113859,113861,113863,113865,113867,113869],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113852,15330],{"class":50},[44,113854,81],{"class":80},[44,113856,30132],{"class":84},[44,113858,98],{"class":80},[44,113860,243],{"class":84},[44,113862,2646],{"class":80},[44,113864,2213],{"class":84},[44,113866,2646],{"class":80},[44,113868,9342],{"class":84},[44,113870,104],{"class":80},[20,113872,161],{},[35,113874,113876],{"className":37,"code":113875,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,113877,113878,113890,113924,113928,113938],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113879,113880,113882,113884,113886,113888],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113881,3484],{"class":50},[44,113883,55],{"class":54},[44,113885,10151],{"class":80},[44,113887,2643],{"class":1675},[44,113889,8969],{"class":80},[44,113891,113892,113894,113896,113898,113900,113902,113904,113906,113908,113910,113912,113914,113916,113918,113920,113922],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,113893,5022],{"class":50},[44,113895,81],{"class":80},[44,113897,30132],{"class":84},[44,113899,2640],{"class":80},[44,113901,1708],{"class":1675},[44,113903,2646],{"class":80},[44,113905,2104],{"class":1675},[44,113907,17728],{"class":80},[44,113909,8896],{"class":80},[44,113911,2158],{"class":1675},[44,113913,2646],{"class":80},[44,113915,4270],{"class":1675},[44,113917,8893],{"class":80},[44,113919,10151],{"class":80},[44,113921,80257],{"class":1675},[44,113923,30164],{"class":80},[44,113925,113926],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,113927,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,113929,113930,113932,113934,113936],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,113931,95],{"class":94},[44,113933,98],{"class":80},[44,113935,5022],{"class":84},[44,113937,104],{"class":80},[44,113939,113940],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,113941,113942],{"class":3324},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,113944,95986,113945,81],{},[243,113946,95994],{"href":97545},[30,113948,21637],{"id":21636},[20,113950,113951,2049,113953,81],{},[15,113952,96976],{},[15,113954,3439],{},[20,113956,11376],{},[35,113958,113960],{"className":37,"code":113959,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,113961,113962,113978,114000,114004,114014],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113963,113964,113966,113968,113970,113972,113974,113976],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113965,3276],{"class":50},[44,113967,55],{"class":54},[44,113969,10151],{"class":80},[44,113971,2643],{"class":1675},[44,113973,2646],{"class":80},[44,113975,2649],{"class":1675},[44,113977,8969],{"class":80},[44,113979,113980,113982,113984,113986,113988,113990,113992,113994,113996,113998],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,113981,1880],{"class":50},[44,113983,55],{"class":54},[44,113985,3926],{"class":50},[44,113987,81],{"class":80},[44,113989,30132],{"class":84},[44,113991,2640],{"class":80},[44,113993,1714],{"class":1675},[44,113995,2646],{"class":80},[44,113997,2110],{"class":1675},[44,113999,3549],{"class":80},[44,114001,114002],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,114003,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,114005,114006,114008,114010,114012],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,114007,95],{"class":94},[44,114009,98],{"class":80},[44,114011,1915],{"class":84},[44,114013,104],{"class":80},[44,114015,114016],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,114017,61494],{"class":3324},[20,114019,114020,114021,81],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114022,1915],{},[20,114024,18635],{},[35,114026,114028],{"className":37,"code":114027,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114029,114030,114046,114064,114068,114078],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114031,114032,114034,114036,114038,114040,114042,114044],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114033,3276],{"class":50},[44,114035,55],{"class":54},[44,114037,10151],{"class":80},[44,114039,2643],{"class":1675},[44,114041,2646],{"class":80},[44,114043,2649],{"class":1675},[44,114045,8969],{"class":80},[44,114047,114048,114050,114052,114054,114056,114058,114060,114062],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,114049,3308],{"class":50},[44,114051,81],{"class":80},[44,114053,30132],{"class":84},[44,114055,2640],{"class":80},[44,114057,1714],{"class":1675},[44,114059,2646],{"class":80},[44,114061,2110],{"class":1675},[44,114063,3549],{"class":80},[44,114065,114066],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,114067,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,114069,114070,114072,114074,114076],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,114071,95],{"class":94},[44,114073,98],{"class":80},[44,114075,3308],{"class":84},[44,114077,104],{"class":80},[44,114079,114080],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,114081,113690],{"class":3324},[30,114083,114085],{"id":114084},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114087,114088,114089,81],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114090,14617],{},[35,114092,114094],{"className":37,"code":114093,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114095,114096,114112,114138,114142,114152],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114097,114098,114100,114102,114104,114106,114108,114110],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114099,3276],{"class":50},[44,114101,55],{"class":54},[44,114103,10151],{"class":80},[44,114105,2643],{"class":1675},[44,114107,2646],{"class":80},[44,114109,2649],{"class":1675},[44,114111,8969],{"class":80},[44,114113,114114,114116,114118,114120,114122,114124,114126,114128,114130,114132,114134,114136],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,114115,3308],{"class":50},[44,114117,81],{"class":80},[44,114119,30132],{"class":84},[44,114121,2640],{"class":80},[44,114123,1708],{"class":1675},[44,114125,2646],{"class":80},[44,114127,2104],{"class":1675},[44,114129,2646],{"class":80},[44,114131,2110],{"class":1675},[44,114133,2646],{"class":80},[44,114135,2110],{"class":1675},[44,114137,3549],{"class":80},[44,114139,114140],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,114141,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,114143,114144,114146,114148,114150],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,114145,95],{"class":94},[44,114147,98],{"class":80},[44,114149,3308],{"class":84},[44,114151,104],{"class":80},[44,114153,114154],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,114155,113690],{"class":3324},[20,114157,11345],{},[139,114159,114160,114165,114172],{},[142,114161,114162,114164],{},[15,114163,1708],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[142,114166,114167,4057,114169,114171],{},[15,114168,1714],{},[15,114170,2158],{}," are added",[142,114173,114174,114175,114177],{},"The second ",[15,114176,2158],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114179,114180,114181,114184],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[243,114182,114183],{"href":98739},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[30,114186,114188],{"id":114187},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114190,7424,114191,114193],{},[15,114192,14617],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[35,114195,114197],{"className":37,"code":114196,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114198,114199,114220,114241,114245,114261,114265,114275],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114200,114201,114204,114206,114208,114210,114212,114214,114216,114218],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114202,114203],{"class":50},"set_a ",[44,114205,55],{"class":54},[44,114207,10151],{"class":80},[44,114209,2643],{"class":1675},[44,114211,2646],{"class":80},[44,114213,2649],{"class":1675},[44,114215,2646],{"class":80},[44,114217,2104],{"class":1675},[44,114219,8969],{"class":80},[44,114221,114222,114225,114227,114229,114231,114233,114235,114237,114239],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,114223,114224],{"class":50},"set_b ",[44,114226,55],{"class":54},[44,114228,10151],{"class":80},[44,114230,1714],{"class":1675},[44,114232,2646],{"class":80},[44,114234,2110],{"class":1675},[44,114236,2646],{"class":80},[44,114238,4270],{"class":1675},[44,114240,8969],{"class":80},[44,114242,114243],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,114244,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,114246,114247,114250,114252,114254,114256,114259],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,114248,114249],{"class":50},"set_a",[44,114251,81],{"class":80},[44,114253,30132],{"class":84},[44,114255,98],{"class":80},[44,114257,114258],{"class":84},"set_b",[44,114260,104],{"class":80},[44,114262,114263],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,114264,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,114266,114267,114269,114271,114273],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,114268,95],{"class":94},[44,114270,98],{"class":80},[44,114272,114249],{"class":84},[44,114274,104],{"class":80},[44,114276,114277],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,114278,111651],{"class":3324},[20,114280,114281],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114283,114284,114285,81],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[243,114286,114287],{"href":102458},[15,114288,107705],{},[35,114290,114292],{"className":37,"code":114291,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114293,114294,114314,114334,114338,114358,114362,114373,114377,114387],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114295,114296,114298,114300,114302,114304,114306,114308,114310,114312],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114297,114203],{"class":50},[44,114299,55],{"class":54},[44,114301,10151],{"class":80},[44,114303,2643],{"class":1675},[44,114305,2646],{"class":80},[44,114307,2649],{"class":1675},[44,114309,2646],{"class":80},[44,114311,2104],{"class":1675},[44,114313,8969],{"class":80},[44,114315,114316,114318,114320,114322,114324,114326,114328,114330,114332],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,114317,114224],{"class":50},[44,114319,55],{"class":54},[44,114321,10151],{"class":80},[44,114323,1714],{"class":1675},[44,114325,2646],{"class":80},[44,114327,2110],{"class":1675},[44,114329,2646],{"class":80},[44,114331,4270],{"class":1675},[44,114333,8969],{"class":80},[44,114335,114336],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,114337,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,114339,114340,114343,114345,114348,114350,114352,114354,114356],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,114341,114342],{"class":50},"combined ",[44,114344,55],{"class":54},[44,114346,114347],{"class":50}," set_a",[44,114349,81],{"class":80},[44,114351,110929],{"class":84},[44,114353,98],{"class":80},[44,114355,114258],{"class":84},[44,114357,104],{"class":80},[44,114359,114360],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,114361,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,114363,114364,114366,114368,114371],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,114365,95],{"class":94},[44,114367,98],{"class":80},[44,114369,114370],{"class":84},"combined",[44,114372,104],{"class":80},[44,114374,114375],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,114376,111651],{"class":3324},[44,114378,114379,114381,114383,114385],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,114380,95],{"class":94},[44,114382,98],{"class":80},[44,114384,114249],{"class":84},[44,114386,104],{"class":80},[44,114388,114389],{"class":46,"line":6095},[44,114390,114391],{"class":3324},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[30,114393,114395],{"id":114394},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114397,64402,114398,114400],{},[15,114399,14617],{}," adds each character separately.",[35,114402,114404],{"className":37,"code":114403,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114405,114406,114422,114440,114444,114454],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114407,114408,114410,114412,114414,114416,114418,114420],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114409,35755],{"class":50},[44,114411,55],{"class":54},[44,114413,10151],{"class":80},[44,114415,362],{"class":58},[44,114417,1110],{"class":62},[44,114419,362],{"class":58},[44,114421,8969],{"class":80},[44,114423,114424,114426,114428,114430,114432,114434,114436,114438],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,114425,35808],{"class":50},[44,114427,81],{"class":80},[44,114429,30132],{"class":84},[44,114431,98],{"class":80},[44,114433,362],{"class":58},[44,114435,36712],{"class":62},[44,114437,362],{"class":58},[44,114439,104],{"class":80},[44,114441,114442],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,114443,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,114445,114446,114448,114450,114452],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,114447,95],{"class":94},[44,114449,98],{"class":80},[44,114451,35808],{"class":84},[44,114453,104],{"class":80},[44,114455,114456],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,114457,114458],{"class":3324},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114460,114461],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114463,114464,828,114467,114469,114470,114472],{},[15,114465,114466],{},"update(\"cat\")",[830,114468,832],{}," add ",[15,114471,112696],{}," as one item. It adds:",[139,114474,114475,114479,114483],{},[142,114476,114477],{},[15,114478,66144],{},[142,114480,114481],{},[15,114482,17762],{},[142,114484,114485],{},[15,114486,112712],{},[20,114488,114489,114490,2539],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[243,114491,114492],{"href":98162},[15,114493,95870],{},[35,114495,114497],{"className":37,"code":114496,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114498,114499,114515,114533,114537,114547],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114500,114501,114503,114505,114507,114509,114511,114513],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114502,3732],{"class":50},[44,114504,55],{"class":54},[44,114506,10151],{"class":80},[44,114508,362],{"class":58},[44,114510,57789],{"class":62},[44,114512,362],{"class":58},[44,114514,8969],{"class":80},[44,114516,114517,114519,114521,114523,114525,114527,114529,114531],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,114518,3776],{"class":50},[44,114520,81],{"class":80},[44,114522,81769],{"class":84},[44,114524,98],{"class":80},[44,114526,362],{"class":58},[44,114528,36712],{"class":62},[44,114530,362],{"class":58},[44,114532,104],{"class":80},[44,114534,114535],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,114536,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,114538,114539,114541,114543,114545],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,114540,95],{"class":94},[44,114542,98],{"class":80},[44,114544,3776],{"class":84},[44,114546,104],{"class":80},[44,114548,114549],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,114550,114551],{"class":3324},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[30,114553,114555,866,114557],{"id":114554},"update-vs-add",[15,114556,14617],{},[15,114558,95865],{},[20,114560,114561],{},"The difference is simple:",[139,114563,114564,114568],{},[142,114565,114566,96464],{},[15,114567,95865],{},[142,114569,114570,96469],{},[15,114571,14617],{},[20,114573,45703,114574,2539],{},[15,114575,95865],{},[35,114577,114579],{"className":37,"code":114578,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114580,114581,114597,114615,114619,114629],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114582,114583,114585,114587,114589,114591,114593,114595],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114584,35904],{"class":50},[44,114586,55],{"class":54},[44,114588,10151],{"class":80},[44,114590,362],{"class":58},[44,114592,3741],{"class":62},[44,114594,362],{"class":58},[44,114596,8969],{"class":80},[44,114598,114599,114601,114603,114605,114607,114609,114611,114613],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,114600,35956],{"class":50},[44,114602,81],{"class":80},[44,114604,81769],{"class":84},[44,114606,98],{"class":80},[44,114608,362],{"class":58},[44,114610,3750],{"class":62},[44,114612,362],{"class":58},[44,114614,104],{"class":80},[44,114616,114617],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,114618,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,114620,114621,114623,114625,114627],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,114622,95],{"class":94},[44,114624,98],{"class":80},[44,114626,35956],{"class":84},[44,114628,104],{"class":80},[44,114630,114631],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,114632,114633],{"class":3324},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114635,45703,114636,2539],{},[15,114637,14617],{},[35,114639,114641],{"className":37,"code":114640,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114642,114643,114659,114685,114689,114699],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114644,114645,114647,114649,114651,114653,114655,114657],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114646,35904],{"class":50},[44,114648,55],{"class":54},[44,114650,10151],{"class":80},[44,114652,362],{"class":58},[44,114654,3741],{"class":62},[44,114656,362],{"class":58},[44,114658,8969],{"class":80},[44,114660,114661,114663,114665,114667,114669,114671,114673,114675,114677,114679,114681,114683],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,114662,35956],{"class":50},[44,114664,81],{"class":80},[44,114666,30132],{"class":84},[44,114668,2640],{"class":80},[44,114670,362],{"class":58},[44,114672,3750],{"class":62},[44,114674,362],{"class":58},[44,114676,2646],{"class":80},[44,114678,59],{"class":58},[44,114680,32887],{"class":62},[44,114682,362],{"class":58},[44,114684,3549],{"class":80},[44,114686,114687],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,114688,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,114690,114691,114693,114695,114697],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,114692,95],{"class":94},[44,114694,98],{"class":80},[44,114696,35956],{"class":84},[44,114698,104],{"class":80},[44,114700,114701],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,114702,114703],{"class":3324},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,114705,114706],{},"Important warning with strings:",[35,114708,114710],{"className":37,"code":114709,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,114711,114712,114728,114746,114750,114760],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114713,114714,114716,114718,114720,114722,114724,114726],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114715,35904],{"class":50},[44,114717,55],{"class":54},[44,114719,10151],{"class":80},[44,114721,362],{"class":58},[44,114723,3741],{"class":62},[44,114725,362],{"class":58},[44,114727,8969],{"class":80},[44,114729,114730,114732,114734,114736,114738,114740,114742,114744],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,114731,35956],{"class":50},[44,114733,81],{"class":80},[44,114735,30132],{"class":84},[44,114737,98],{"class":80},[44,114739,362],{"class":58},[44,114741,38007],{"class":62},[44,114743,362],{"class":58},[44,114745,104],{"class":80},[44,114747,114748],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,114749,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,114751,114752,114754,114756,114758],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,114753,95],{"class":94},[44,114755,98],{"class":80},[44,114757,35956],{"class":84},[44,114759,104],{"class":80},[44,114761,114762],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,114763,114764],{"class":3324},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,114766,61769,114767,61842,114770,860],{},[15,114768,114769],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,114771,95865],{},[30,114773,114775,866,114777],{"id":114774},"update-vs-union",[15,114776,14617],{},[15,114778,102461],{},[20,114780,114781],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[267,114783,114784],{"id":30132},[15,114785,14617],{},[139,114787,114788,114791],{},[142,114789,114790],{},"Changes the existing set",[142,114792,11084,114793],{},[15,114794,3439],{},[35,114796,114798],{"className":37,"code":114797,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114799,114800,114816,114832,114836,114850,114860],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114801,114802,114804,114806,114808,114810,114812,114814],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114803,2208],{"class":50},[44,114805,55],{"class":54},[44,114807,10151],{"class":80},[44,114809,2643],{"class":1675},[44,114811,2646],{"class":80},[44,114813,2649],{"class":1675},[44,114815,8969],{"class":80},[44,114817,114818,114820,114822,114824,114826,114828,114830],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,114819,2236],{"class":50},[44,114821,55],{"class":54},[44,114823,10151],{"class":80},[44,114825,1708],{"class":1675},[44,114827,2646],{"class":80},[44,114829,2104],{"class":1675},[44,114831,8969],{"class":80},[44,114833,114834],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,114835,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,114837,114838,114840,114842,114844,114846,114848],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,114839,243],{"class":50},[44,114841,81],{"class":80},[44,114843,30132],{"class":84},[44,114845,98],{"class":80},[44,114847,842],{"class":84},[44,114849,104],{"class":80},[44,114851,114852,114854,114856,114858],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,114853,95],{"class":94},[44,114855,98],{"class":80},[44,114857,243],{"class":84},[44,114859,104],{"class":80},[44,114861,114862],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,114863,114391],{"class":3324},[267,114865,114866],{"id":110929},[15,114867,102461],{},[139,114869,114870,114872],{},[142,114871,100999],{},[142,114873,101002],{},[35,114875,114877],{"className":37,"code":114876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,114878,114879,114895,114911,114915,114933,114943,114947,114957],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114880,114881,114883,114885,114887,114889,114891,114893],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114882,2208],{"class":50},[44,114884,55],{"class":54},[44,114886,10151],{"class":80},[44,114888,2643],{"class":1675},[44,114890,2646],{"class":80},[44,114892,2649],{"class":1675},[44,114894,8969],{"class":80},[44,114896,114897,114899,114901,114903,114905,114907,114909],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,114898,2236],{"class":50},[44,114900,55],{"class":54},[44,114902,10151],{"class":80},[44,114904,1708],{"class":1675},[44,114906,2646],{"class":80},[44,114908,2104],{"class":1675},[44,114910,8969],{"class":80},[44,114912,114913],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,114914,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,114916,114917,114919,114921,114923,114925,114927,114929,114931],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,114918,82849],{"class":50},[44,114920,55],{"class":54},[44,114922,56549],{"class":50},[44,114924,81],{"class":80},[44,114926,110929],{"class":84},[44,114928,98],{"class":80},[44,114930,842],{"class":84},[44,114932,104],{"class":80},[44,114934,114935,114937,114939,114941],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,114936,95],{"class":94},[44,114938,98],{"class":80},[44,114940,846],{"class":84},[44,114942,104],{"class":80},[44,114944,114945],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,114946,114391],{"class":3324},[44,114948,114949,114951,114953,114955],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,114950,95],{"class":94},[44,114952,98],{"class":80},[44,114954,243],{"class":84},[44,114956,104],{"class":80},[44,114958,114959],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,114960,114961],{"class":3324},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,114963,107347,114964,114966,114967,114971],{},[15,114965,14617],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[243,114968,114969],{"href":102458},[15,114970,102461],{}," when you want a new set.",[30,114973,114975],{"id":114974},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,114977,10407,114978,81],{},[15,114979,96976],{},[267,114981,114983],{"id":114982},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,114985,114986],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[35,114988,114990],{"className":37,"code":114989,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114991,114992,115008,115030,115034,115044],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114993,114994,114996,114998,115000,115002,115004,115006],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114995,15292],{"class":50},[44,114997,55],{"class":54},[44,114999,10151],{"class":80},[44,115001,2643],{"class":1675},[44,115003,2646],{"class":80},[44,115005,2649],{"class":1675},[44,115007,8969],{"class":80},[44,115009,115010,115012,115014,115016,115018,115020,115022,115024,115026,115028],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,115011,1880],{"class":50},[44,115013,55],{"class":54},[44,115015,96586],{"class":50},[44,115017,81],{"class":80},[44,115019,30132],{"class":84},[44,115021,2640],{"class":80},[44,115023,1714],{"class":1675},[44,115025,2646],{"class":80},[44,115027,2110],{"class":1675},[44,115029,3549],{"class":80},[44,115031,115032],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,115033,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,115035,115036,115038,115040,115042],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,115037,95],{"class":94},[44,115039,98],{"class":80},[44,115041,1915],{"class":84},[44,115043,104],{"class":80},[44,115045,115046],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,115047,61494],{"class":3324},[20,115049,115050,115051,2539],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115052,14617],{},[35,115054,115056],{"className":37,"code":115055,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115057,115058,115074,115092,115096,115106],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115059,115060,115062,115064,115066,115068,115070,115072],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115061,15292],{"class":50},[44,115063,55],{"class":54},[44,115065,10151],{"class":80},[44,115067,2643],{"class":1675},[44,115069,2646],{"class":80},[44,115071,2649],{"class":1675},[44,115073,8969],{"class":80},[44,115075,115076,115078,115080,115082,115084,115086,115088,115090],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,115077,15330],{"class":50},[44,115079,81],{"class":80},[44,115081,30132],{"class":84},[44,115083,2640],{"class":80},[44,115085,1714],{"class":1675},[44,115087,2646],{"class":80},[44,115089,2110],{"class":1675},[44,115091,3549],{"class":80},[44,115093,115094],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,115095,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,115097,115098,115100,115102,115104],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,115099,95],{"class":94},[44,115101,98],{"class":80},[44,115103,15330],{"class":84},[44,115105,104],{"class":80},[44,115107,115108],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,115109,113690],{"class":3324},[267,115111,115113],{"id":115112},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115115,2490],{},[35,115117,115119],{"className":37,"code":115118,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115120,115121,115137],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115122,115123,115125,115127,115129,115131,115133,115135],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115124,15292],{"class":50},[44,115126,55],{"class":54},[44,115128,10151],{"class":80},[44,115130,2643],{"class":1675},[44,115132,2646],{"class":80},[44,115134,2649],{"class":1675},[44,115136,8969],{"class":80},[44,115138,115139,115141,115143,115145,115147,115149],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,115140,15330],{"class":50},[44,115142,81],{"class":80},[44,115144,30132],{"class":84},[44,115146,98],{"class":80},[44,115148,1789],{"class":1675},[44,115150,104],{"class":80},[20,115152,61948,115153,8262,115155,115157],{},[15,115154,2662],{},[15,115156,1789],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115159,6218],{},[35,115161,115163],{"className":37,"code":115162,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115164,115165,115181,115195,115199,115209],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115166,115167,115169,115171,115173,115175,115177,115179],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115168,15292],{"class":50},[44,115170,55],{"class":54},[44,115172,10151],{"class":80},[44,115174,2643],{"class":1675},[44,115176,2646],{"class":80},[44,115178,2649],{"class":1675},[44,115180,8969],{"class":80},[44,115182,115183,115185,115187,115189,115191,115193],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,115184,15330],{"class":50},[44,115186,81],{"class":80},[44,115188,30132],{"class":84},[44,115190,2640],{"class":80},[44,115192,1789],{"class":1675},[44,115194,3549],{"class":80},[44,115196,115197],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,115198,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,115200,115201,115203,115205,115207],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,115202,95],{"class":94},[44,115204,98],{"class":80},[44,115206,15330],{"class":84},[44,115208,104],{"class":80},[44,115210,115211],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,115212,115213],{"class":3324},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115215,45576,115216,81],{},[243,115217,25347,115218],{"href":52261},[15,115219,115220],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[267,115222,115224],{"id":115223},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115226,115227],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[35,115229,115231],{"className":37,"code":115230,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115232,115233,115249,115275,115279,115289],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115234,115235,115237,115239,115241,115243,115245,115247],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115236,15292],{"class":50},[44,115238,55],{"class":54},[44,115240,10151],{"class":80},[44,115242,2643],{"class":1675},[44,115244,2646],{"class":80},[44,115246,2649],{"class":1675},[44,115248,8969],{"class":80},[44,115250,115251,115253,115255,115257,115259,115261,115263,115265,115267,115269,115271,115273],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,115252,15330],{"class":50},[44,115254,81],{"class":80},[44,115256,30132],{"class":84},[44,115258,2640],{"class":80},[44,115260,1708],{"class":1675},[44,115262,2646],{"class":80},[44,115264,2649],{"class":1675},[44,115266,2646],{"class":80},[44,115268,2649],{"class":1675},[44,115270,2646],{"class":80},[44,115272,2104],{"class":1675},[44,115274,3549],{"class":80},[44,115276,115277],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,115278,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,115280,115281,115283,115285,115287],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,115282,95],{"class":94},[44,115284,98],{"class":80},[44,115286,15330],{"class":84},[44,115288,104],{"class":80},[44,115290,115291],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,115292,114391],{"class":3324},[267,115294,115296,115297,44292,115299,115301],{"id":115295},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115298,14617],{},[15,115300,95865],{}," is better",[20,115303,115304,115305,115307],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115306,95865],{}," is usually the better choice.",[35,115309,115311],{"className":37,"code":115310,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115312,115313,115329,115347,115351,115361],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115314,115315,115317,115319,115321,115323,115325,115327],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115316,15292],{"class":50},[44,115318,55],{"class":54},[44,115320,10151],{"class":80},[44,115322,362],{"class":58},[44,115324,57789],{"class":62},[44,115326,362],{"class":58},[44,115328,8969],{"class":80},[44,115330,115331,115333,115335,115337,115339,115341,115343,115345],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,115332,15330],{"class":50},[44,115334,81],{"class":80},[44,115336,81769],{"class":84},[44,115338,98],{"class":80},[44,115340,362],{"class":58},[44,115342,36712],{"class":62},[44,115344,362],{"class":58},[44,115346,104],{"class":80},[44,115348,115349],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,115350,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,115352,115353,115355,115357,115359],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,115354,95],{"class":94},[44,115356,98],{"class":80},[44,115358,15330],{"class":84},[44,115360,104],{"class":80},[44,115362,115363],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,115364,114551],{"class":3324},[30,115366,1478],{"id":1477},[267,115368,1482,115370,96955],{"id":115369},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115371,96976],{},[20,115373,96958,115374,81],{},[15,115375,3439],{},[267,115377,27996,115378,31893],{"id":31890},[15,115379,14617],{},[20,115381,115382],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[267,115384,4842,115386,4057,115388,1520],{"id":115385},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115387,95865],{},[15,115389,14617],{},[20,115391,115392,115394,115395,115397],{},[15,115393,95865],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115396,14617],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[267,115399,115401],{"id":115400},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115403,115404,115405,114400],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115406,14617],{},[267,115408,115410],{"id":115409},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115412,119,115413,10752,115415,81],{},[15,115414,102461],{},[15,115416,14617],{},[30,115418,1545],{"id":1544},[139,115420,115421,115428,115435,115441,115447],{},[142,115422,115423],{},[243,115424,115425],{"href":98162},[15,115426,115427],{},"Python set add() method",[142,115429,115430],{},[243,115431,115432],{"href":102458},[15,115433,115434],{},"Python set union() method",[142,115436,115437],{},[243,115438,115439],{"href":97545},[15,115440,97000],{},[142,115442,115443],{},[243,115444,115445],{"href":98739},[15,115446,100006],{},[142,115448,115449],{},[243,115450,115451,115453],{"href":52261},[15,115452,115220],{}," fix",[20,115455,115456,115457,115459,115460,115462],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115458,95870],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115461,107705],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1577,115464,115465],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":115467},[115468,115469,115471,115472,115473,115474,115475,115476,115478,115483,115490,115499],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":113698,"depth":69,"text":115470},"What set.update() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":21636,"depth":69,"text":21637},{"id":114084,"depth":69,"text":114085},{"id":114187,"depth":69,"text":114188},{"id":114394,"depth":69,"text":114395},{"id":114554,"depth":69,"text":115477},"update() vs add()",{"id":114774,"depth":69,"text":115479,"children":115480},"update() vs union()",[115481,115482],{"id":30132,"depth":91,"text":14617},{"id":110929,"depth":91,"text":102461},{"id":114974,"depth":69,"text":114975,"children":115484},[115485,115486,115487,115488],{"id":114982,"depth":91,"text":114983},{"id":115112,"depth":91,"text":115113},{"id":115223,"depth":91,"text":115224},{"id":115295,"depth":91,"text":115489},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":115491},[115492,115494,115495,115497,115498],{"id":115369,"depth":91,"text":115493},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":31890,"depth":91,"text":31963},{"id":115385,"depth":91,"text":115496},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115400,"depth":91,"text":115401},{"id":115409,"depth":91,"text":115410},{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113610,"description":115500},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115506,"title":115507,"body":115508,"description":117274,"extension":1611,"meta":117275,"navigation":184,"path":13453,"seo":117276,"stem":117277,"__hash__":117278},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115509,"toc":117249},[115510,115513,115516,115519,115530,115538,115541,115543,115692,115704,115708,115725,115729,115737,115739,115750,115752,115849,115855,115858,115954,115963,115968,115972,115977,115979,115989,115991,116100,116108,116112,116115,116118,116135,116141,116221,116224,116228,116231,116235,116238,116297,116300,116304,116307,116399,116403,116406,116513,116517,116523,116551,116553,116635,116645,116649,116652,116663,116666,116751,116754,116759,116763,116766,116777,116780,116922,116925,116929,116932,116946,116949,117010,117016,117018,117021,117043,117046,117146,117149,117181,117183,117187,117190,117192,117195,117199,117202,117206,117209,117213,117216,117218,117246],[10,115511,115507],{"id":115512},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115514,115515],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115517,115518],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[139,115520,115521,115524,115527],{},[142,115522,115523],{},"a list inside another list",[142,115525,115526],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[142,115528,115529],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115531,99928,115532,4057,115534,115537],{},[830,115533,12513],{},[830,115535,115536],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115539,115540],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[30,115542,1653],{"id":1652},[35,115544,115546],{"className":37,"code":115545,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115547,115548,115555,115559,115585,115605,115625,115629,115647,115651,115664,115678],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115549,115550,115552],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115551,34754],{"class":524},[44,115553,115554],{"class":50}," copy\n",[44,115556,115557],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,115558,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,115560,115561,115563,115565,115567,115569,115571,115573,115575,115577,115579,115581,115583],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,115562,11748],{"class":50},[44,115564,55],{"class":54},[44,115566,55955],{"class":80},[44,115568,2643],{"class":1675},[44,115570,2646],{"class":80},[44,115572,2649],{"class":1675},[44,115574,17728],{"class":80},[44,115576,3281],{"class":80},[44,115578,1714],{"class":1675},[44,115580,2646],{"class":80},[44,115582,2110],{"class":1675},[44,115584,52904],{"class":80},[44,115586,115587,115590,115592,115595,115597,115599,115601,115603],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,115588,115589],{"class":50},"shallow ",[44,115591,55],{"class":54},[44,115593,115594],{"class":50}," copy",[44,115596,81],{"class":80},[44,115598,12574],{"class":84},[44,115600,98],{"class":80},[44,115602,11795],{"class":84},[44,115604,104],{"class":80},[44,115606,115607,115610,115612,115614,115616,115619,115621,115623],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,115608,115609],{"class":50},"deep ",[44,115611,55],{"class":54},[44,115613,115594],{"class":50},[44,115615,81],{"class":80},[44,115617,115618],{"class":84},"deepcopy",[44,115620,98],{"class":80},[44,115622,11795],{"class":84},[44,115624,104],{"class":80},[44,115626,115627],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,115628,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,115630,115631,115633,115635,115637,115639,115641,115643,115645],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,115632,11795],{"class":50},[44,115634,3561],{"class":80},[44,115636,1772],{"class":1675},[44,115638,13213],{"class":80},[44,115640,13216],{"class":84},[44,115642,98],{"class":80},[44,115644,56008],{"class":1675},[44,115646,104],{"class":80},[44,115648,115649],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,115650,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,115652,115653,115655,115657,115659,115661],{"class":46,"line":6095},[44,115654,95],{"class":94},[44,115656,98],{"class":80},[44,115658,11795],{"class":84},[44,115660,3321],{"class":80},[44,115662,115663],{"class":3324},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[44,115665,115666,115668,115670,115673,115675],{"class":46,"line":6100},[44,115667,95],{"class":94},[44,115669,98],{"class":80},[44,115671,115672],{"class":84},"shallow",[44,115674,3321],{"class":80},[44,115676,115677],{"class":3324},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[44,115679,115680,115682,115684,115687,115689],{"class":46,"line":11256},[44,115681,95],{"class":94},[44,115683,98],{"class":80},[44,115685,115686],{"class":84},"deep",[44,115688,3321],{"class":80},[44,115690,115691],{"class":3324},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115693,119,115694,115697,115698,4057,115700,115703],{},[15,115695,115696],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[830,115699,12513],{},[15,115701,115702],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[30,115705,115707],{"id":115706},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[139,115709,115710,115713,115716,115719,115722],{},[142,115711,115712],{},"What a copy means in Python",[142,115714,115715],{},"How shallow copy works",[142,115717,115718],{},"How deep copy works",[142,115720,115721],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[142,115723,115724],{},"When to use each approach",[30,115726,115728],{"id":115727},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,115730,14852,115731,115733,115734,115736],{},[830,115732,12513],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[830,115735,832],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,115738,1759],{},[139,115740,115741,115744,115747],{},[142,115742,115743],{},"the outer container is new",[142,115745,115746],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[142,115748,115749],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,115751,161],{},[35,115753,115755],{"className":37,"code":115754,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,115756,115757,115783,115797,115801,115819,115823,115836],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115758,115759,115761,115763,115765,115767,115769,115771,115773,115775,115777,115779,115781],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115760,11748],{"class":50},[44,115762,55],{"class":54},[44,115764,55955],{"class":80},[44,115766,2643],{"class":1675},[44,115768,2646],{"class":80},[44,115770,2649],{"class":1675},[44,115772,17728],{"class":80},[44,115774,3281],{"class":80},[44,115776,1714],{"class":1675},[44,115778,2646],{"class":80},[44,115780,2110],{"class":1675},[44,115782,52904],{"class":80},[44,115784,115785,115787,115789,115791,115793,115795],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,115786,13974],{"class":50},[44,115788,55],{"class":54},[44,115790,11823],{"class":50},[44,115792,81],{"class":80},[44,115794,12574],{"class":84},[44,115796,88],{"class":80},[44,115798,115799],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,115800,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,115802,115803,115805,115807,115809,115811,115813,115815,115817],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,115804,13993],{"class":50},[44,115806,81],{"class":80},[44,115808,13216],{"class":84},[44,115810,2640],{"class":80},[44,115812,1789],{"class":1675},[44,115814,2646],{"class":80},[44,115816,37309],{"class":1675},[44,115818,3549],{"class":80},[44,115820,115821],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,115822,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,115824,115825,115827,115829,115831,115833],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,115826,95],{"class":94},[44,115828,98],{"class":80},[44,115830,11795],{"class":84},[44,115832,3321],{"class":80},[44,115834,115835],{"class":3324},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[44,115837,115838,115840,115842,115844,115846],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,115839,95],{"class":94},[44,115841,98],{"class":80},[44,115843,13993],{"class":84},[44,115845,3321],{"class":80},[44,115847,115848],{"class":3324},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,115850,115851,115852,115854],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,115853,13993],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,115856,115857],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[35,115859,115861],{"className":37,"code":115860,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115862,115863,115889,115903,115907,115925,115929,115941],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115864,115865,115867,115869,115871,115873,115875,115877,115879,115881,115883,115885,115887],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115866,11748],{"class":50},[44,115868,55],{"class":54},[44,115870,55955],{"class":80},[44,115872,2643],{"class":1675},[44,115874,2646],{"class":80},[44,115876,2649],{"class":1675},[44,115878,17728],{"class":80},[44,115880,3281],{"class":80},[44,115882,1714],{"class":1675},[44,115884,2646],{"class":80},[44,115886,2110],{"class":1675},[44,115888,52904],{"class":80},[44,115890,115891,115893,115895,115897,115899,115901],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,115892,13974],{"class":50},[44,115894,55],{"class":54},[44,115896,11823],{"class":50},[44,115898,81],{"class":80},[44,115900,12574],{"class":84},[44,115902,88],{"class":80},[44,115904,115905],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,115906,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,115908,115909,115911,115913,115915,115917,115919,115921,115923],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,115910,13993],{"class":50},[44,115912,3561],{"class":80},[44,115914,1772],{"class":1675},[44,115916,13213],{"class":80},[44,115918,13216],{"class":84},[44,115920,98],{"class":80},[44,115922,56008],{"class":1675},[44,115924,104],{"class":80},[44,115926,115927],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,115928,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,115930,115931,115933,115935,115937,115939],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,115932,95],{"class":94},[44,115934,98],{"class":80},[44,115936,11795],{"class":84},[44,115938,3321],{"class":80},[44,115940,115663],{"class":3324},[44,115942,115943,115945,115947,115949,115951],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,115944,95],{"class":94},[44,115946,98],{"class":80},[44,115948,13993],{"class":84},[44,115950,3321],{"class":80},[44,115952,115953],{"class":3324},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115955,115956,115957,4057,115959,115962],{},"Both changed because ",[15,115958,56112],{},[15,115960,115961],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,115964,115965,115966,81],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[243,115967,43598],{"href":11727},[30,115969,115971],{"id":115970},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,115973,14852,115974,115976],{},[830,115975,115536],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,115978,1759],{},[139,115980,115981,115983,115986],{},[142,115982,115743],{},[142,115984,115985],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[142,115987,115988],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,115990,161],{},[35,115992,115994],{"className":37,"code":115993,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115995,115996,116002,116006,116032,116050,116054,116072,116076,116088],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115997,115998,116000],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115999,34754],{"class":524},[44,116001,115554],{"class":50},[44,116003,116004],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,116005,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,116007,116008,116010,116012,116014,116016,116018,116020,116022,116024,116026,116028,116030],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,116009,11748],{"class":50},[44,116011,55],{"class":54},[44,116013,55955],{"class":80},[44,116015,2643],{"class":1675},[44,116017,2646],{"class":80},[44,116019,2649],{"class":1675},[44,116021,17728],{"class":80},[44,116023,3281],{"class":80},[44,116025,1714],{"class":1675},[44,116027,2646],{"class":80},[44,116029,2110],{"class":1675},[44,116031,52904],{"class":80},[44,116033,116034,116036,116038,116040,116042,116044,116046,116048],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,116035,13974],{"class":50},[44,116037,55],{"class":54},[44,116039,115594],{"class":50},[44,116041,81],{"class":80},[44,116043,115618],{"class":84},[44,116045,98],{"class":80},[44,116047,11795],{"class":84},[44,116049,104],{"class":80},[44,116051,116052],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,116053,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,116055,116056,116058,116060,116062,116064,116066,116068,116070],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,116057,13993],{"class":50},[44,116059,3561],{"class":80},[44,116061,1772],{"class":1675},[44,116063,13213],{"class":80},[44,116065,13216],{"class":84},[44,116067,98],{"class":80},[44,116069,56008],{"class":1675},[44,116071,104],{"class":80},[44,116073,116074],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,116075,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,116077,116078,116080,116082,116084,116086],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,116079,95],{"class":94},[44,116081,98],{"class":80},[44,116083,11795],{"class":84},[44,116085,3321],{"class":80},[44,116087,115835],{"class":3324},[44,116089,116090,116092,116094,116096,116098],{"class":46,"line":6095},[44,116091,95],{"class":94},[44,116093,98],{"class":80},[44,116095,13993],{"class":84},[44,116097,3321],{"class":80},[44,116099,115953],{"class":3324},[20,116101,116102,116103,116105,116106,81],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116104,115961],{}," does not change ",[15,116107,56112],{},[30,116109,116111],{"id":116110},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116113,116114],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116116,116117],{},"Common reasons:",[139,116119,116120,116123,116126,116132],{},[142,116121,116122],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[142,116124,116125],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[142,116127,116128,116129,116131],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116130,55],{}," does not make a copy",[142,116133,116134],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116136,116137,116138,116140],{},"For example, this does ",[830,116139,832],{}," create a copy:",[35,116142,116144],{"className":37,"code":116143,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116145,116146,116166,116174,116178,116192,116196,116208],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116147,116148,116150,116152,116154,116156,116158,116160,116162,116164],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116149,11748],{"class":50},[44,116151,55],{"class":54},[44,116153,3281],{"class":80},[44,116155,2643],{"class":1675},[44,116157,2646],{"class":80},[44,116159,2649],{"class":1675},[44,116161,2646],{"class":80},[44,116163,2104],{"class":1675},[44,116165,3294],{"class":80},[44,116167,116168,116170,116172],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,116169,13974],{"class":50},[44,116171,55],{"class":54},[44,116173,11786],{"class":50},[44,116175,116176],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,116177,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,116179,116180,116182,116184,116186,116188,116190],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,116181,13993],{"class":50},[44,116183,81],{"class":80},[44,116185,13216],{"class":84},[44,116187,98],{"class":80},[44,116189,2158],{"class":1675},[44,116191,104],{"class":80},[44,116193,116194],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,116195,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,116197,116198,116200,116202,116204,116206],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,116199,95],{"class":94},[44,116201,98],{"class":80},[44,116203,11795],{"class":84},[44,116205,3321],{"class":80},[44,116207,55362],{"class":3324},[44,116209,116210,116212,116214,116216,116218],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,116211,95],{"class":94},[44,116213,98],{"class":80},[44,116215,13993],{"class":84},[44,116217,3321],{"class":80},[44,116219,116220],{"class":3324},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116222,116223],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[30,116225,116227],{"id":116226},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116229,116230],{},"These three ideas are different.",[267,116232,116234],{"id":116233},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116236,116237],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[35,116239,116241],{"className":37,"code":116240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116242,116243,116269,116277,116281],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116244,116245,116247,116249,116251,116253,116255,116257,116259,116261,116263,116265,116267],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116246,11748],{"class":50},[44,116248,55],{"class":54},[44,116250,55955],{"class":80},[44,116252,2643],{"class":1675},[44,116254,2646],{"class":80},[44,116256,2649],{"class":1675},[44,116258,17728],{"class":80},[44,116260,3281],{"class":80},[44,116262,1714],{"class":1675},[44,116264,2646],{"class":80},[44,116266,2110],{"class":1675},[44,116268,52904],{"class":80},[44,116270,116271,116273,116275],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,116272,13765],{"class":50},[44,116274,55],{"class":54},[44,116276,11786],{"class":50},[44,116278,116279],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,116280,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,116282,116283,116285,116287,116289,116291,116293,116295],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,116284,95],{"class":94},[44,116286,98],{"class":80},[44,116288,11748],{"class":84},[44,116290,11856],{"class":524},[44,116292,13833],{"class":84},[44,116294,3321],{"class":80},[44,116296,3325],{"class":3324},[20,116298,116299],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[267,116301,116303],{"id":116302},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116305,116306],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[35,116308,116310],{"className":37,"code":116309,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116311,116312,116338,116352,116356,116373],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116313,116314,116316,116318,116320,116322,116324,116326,116328,116330,116332,116334,116336],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116315,11748],{"class":50},[44,116317,55],{"class":54},[44,116319,55955],{"class":80},[44,116321,2643],{"class":1675},[44,116323,2646],{"class":80},[44,116325,2649],{"class":1675},[44,116327,17728],{"class":80},[44,116329,3281],{"class":80},[44,116331,1714],{"class":1675},[44,116333,2646],{"class":80},[44,116335,2110],{"class":1675},[44,116337,52904],{"class":80},[44,116339,116340,116342,116344,116346,116348,116350],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,116341,115589],{"class":50},[44,116343,55],{"class":54},[44,116345,11823],{"class":50},[44,116347,81],{"class":80},[44,116349,12574],{"class":84},[44,116351,88],{"class":80},[44,116353,116354],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,116355,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,116357,116358,116360,116362,116364,116366,116369,116371],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,116359,95],{"class":94},[44,116361,98],{"class":80},[44,116363,11748],{"class":84},[44,116365,11856],{"class":524},[44,116367,116368],{"class":84}," shallow",[44,116370,3321],{"class":80},[44,116372,20868],{"class":3324},[44,116374,116375,116377,116379,116381,116383,116385,116387,116389,116391,116393,116395,116397],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,116376,95],{"class":94},[44,116378,98],{"class":80},[44,116380,11795],{"class":84},[44,116382,3561],{"class":80},[44,116384,1772],{"class":1675},[44,116386,12936],{"class":80},[44,116388,7757],{"class":524},[44,116390,116368],{"class":84},[44,116392,3561],{"class":80},[44,116394,1772],{"class":1675},[44,116396,20113],{"class":80},[44,116398,3325],{"class":3324},[267,116400,116402],{"id":116401},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116404,116405],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[35,116407,116409],{"className":37,"code":116408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116410,116411,116417,116421,116447,116465,116469,116487],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116412,116413,116415],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116414,34754],{"class":524},[44,116416,115554],{"class":50},[44,116418,116419],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,116420,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,116422,116423,116425,116427,116429,116431,116433,116435,116437,116439,116441,116443,116445],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,116424,11748],{"class":50},[44,116426,55],{"class":54},[44,116428,55955],{"class":80},[44,116430,2643],{"class":1675},[44,116432,2646],{"class":80},[44,116434,2649],{"class":1675},[44,116436,17728],{"class":80},[44,116438,3281],{"class":80},[44,116440,1714],{"class":1675},[44,116442,2646],{"class":80},[44,116444,2110],{"class":1675},[44,116446,52904],{"class":80},[44,116448,116449,116451,116453,116455,116457,116459,116461,116463],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,116450,115609],{"class":50},[44,116452,55],{"class":54},[44,116454,115594],{"class":50},[44,116456,81],{"class":80},[44,116458,115618],{"class":84},[44,116460,98],{"class":80},[44,116462,11795],{"class":84},[44,116464,104],{"class":80},[44,116466,116467],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,116468,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,116470,116471,116473,116475,116477,116479,116482,116484],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,116472,95],{"class":94},[44,116474,98],{"class":80},[44,116476,11748],{"class":84},[44,116478,11856],{"class":524},[44,116480,116481],{"class":84}," deep",[44,116483,3321],{"class":80},[44,116485,116486],{"class":3324},"         # False\n",[44,116488,116489,116491,116493,116495,116497,116499,116501,116503,116505,116507,116509,116511],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,116490,95],{"class":94},[44,116492,98],{"class":80},[44,116494,11795],{"class":84},[44,116496,3561],{"class":80},[44,116498,1772],{"class":1675},[44,116500,12936],{"class":80},[44,116502,7757],{"class":524},[44,116504,116481],{"class":84},[44,116506,3561],{"class":80},[44,116508,1772],{"class":1675},[44,116510,20113],{"class":80},[44,116512,43534],{"class":3324},[30,116514,116516],{"id":116515},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116518,116519,116520,2539],{},"These all make ",[830,116521,116522],{},"shallow copies",[139,116524,116525,116529,116533,116538,116544],{},[142,116526,116527],{},[15,116528,55262],{},[142,116530,116531],{},[15,116532,12097],{},[142,116534,116535],{},[15,116536,116537],{},"set.copy()",[142,116539,116540,116541],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116542,116543],{},"my_list[:]",[142,116545,116546,116548,116549,34744],{},[15,116547,115696],{}," from the ",[15,116550,12574],{},[20,116552,1778],{},[35,116554,116556],{"className":37,"code":116555,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116557,116558,116578,116582,116596,116607,116611,116623],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116559,116560,116562,116564,116566,116568,116570,116572,116574,116576],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116561,3276],{"class":50},[44,116563,55],{"class":54},[44,116565,3281],{"class":80},[44,116567,2643],{"class":1675},[44,116569,2646],{"class":80},[44,116571,2649],{"class":1675},[44,116573,2646],{"class":80},[44,116575,2104],{"class":1675},[44,116577,3294],{"class":80},[44,116579,116580],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,116581,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,116583,116584,116586,116588,116590,116592,116594],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,116585,2208],{"class":50},[44,116587,55],{"class":54},[44,116589,3926],{"class":50},[44,116591,81],{"class":80},[44,116593,12574],{"class":84},[44,116595,88],{"class":80},[44,116597,116598,116600,116602,116604],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,116599,2236],{"class":50},[44,116601,55],{"class":54},[44,116603,3926],{"class":50},[44,116605,116606],{"class":80},"[:]\n",[44,116608,116609],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,116610,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,116612,116613,116615,116617,116619,116621],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,116614,95],{"class":94},[44,116616,98],{"class":80},[44,116618,243],{"class":84},[44,116620,3321],{"class":80},[44,116622,54593],{"class":3324},[44,116624,116625,116627,116629,116631,116633],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,116626,95],{"class":94},[44,116628,98],{"class":80},[44,116630,842],{"class":84},[44,116632,3321],{"class":80},[44,116634,54593],{"class":3324},[20,116636,72803,116637,47196,116641,81],{},[243,116638,116639,1555],{"href":54621},[15,116640,55262],{},[243,116642,116643,1555],{"href":12094},[15,116644,12097],{},[30,116646,116648],{"id":116647},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116650,116651],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[139,116653,116654,116657,116660],{},[142,116655,116656],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[142,116658,116659],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[142,116661,116662],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,116664,116665],{},"Example with a flat list:",[35,116667,116669],{"className":37,"code":116668,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116670,116671,116691,116705,116709,116723,116727,116739],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116672,116673,116675,116677,116679,116681,116683,116685,116687,116689],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116674,11748],{"class":50},[44,116676,55],{"class":54},[44,116678,3281],{"class":80},[44,116680,2643],{"class":1675},[44,116682,2646],{"class":80},[44,116684,2649],{"class":1675},[44,116686,2646],{"class":80},[44,116688,2104],{"class":1675},[44,116690,3294],{"class":80},[44,116692,116693,116695,116697,116699,116701,116703],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,116694,13974],{"class":50},[44,116696,55],{"class":54},[44,116698,11823],{"class":50},[44,116700,81],{"class":80},[44,116702,12574],{"class":84},[44,116704,88],{"class":80},[44,116706,116707],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,116708,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,116710,116711,116713,116715,116717,116719,116721],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,116712,13993],{"class":50},[44,116714,81],{"class":80},[44,116716,13216],{"class":84},[44,116718,98],{"class":80},[44,116720,2158],{"class":1675},[44,116722,104],{"class":80},[44,116724,116725],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,116726,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,116728,116729,116731,116733,116735,116737],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,116730,95],{"class":94},[44,116732,98],{"class":80},[44,116734,11795],{"class":84},[44,116736,3321],{"class":80},[44,116738,54593],{"class":3324},[44,116740,116741,116743,116745,116747,116749],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,116742,95],{"class":94},[44,116744,98],{"class":80},[44,116746,13993],{"class":84},[44,116748,3321],{"class":80},[44,116750,116220],{"class":3324},[20,116752,116753],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,116755,116756,116757,81],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[243,116758,14551],{"href":56881},[30,116760,116762],{"id":116761},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,116764,116765],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[139,116767,116768,116771,116774],{},[142,116769,116770],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[142,116772,116773],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[142,116775,116776],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,116778,116779],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[35,116781,116783],{"className":37,"code":116782,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,116784,116785,116791,116795,116821,116835,116853,116857,116879,116883,116896,116909],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116786,116787,116789],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116788,34754],{"class":524},[44,116790,115554],{"class":50},[44,116792,116793],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,116794,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,116796,116797,116799,116801,116803,116805,116807,116809,116811,116813,116815,116817,116819],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,116798,11748],{"class":50},[44,116800,55],{"class":54},[44,116802,10151],{"class":80},[44,116804,362],{"class":58},[44,116806,16053],{"class":62},[44,116808,362],{"class":58},[44,116810,2539],{"class":80},[44,116812,3281],{"class":80},[44,116814,1982],{"class":1675},[44,116816,2646],{"class":80},[44,116818,7452],{"class":1675},[44,116820,13369],{"class":80},[44,116822,116823,116825,116827,116829,116831,116833],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,116824,115589],{"class":50},[44,116826,55],{"class":54},[44,116828,11823],{"class":50},[44,116830,81],{"class":80},[44,116832,12574],{"class":84},[44,116834,88],{"class":80},[44,116836,116837,116839,116841,116843,116845,116847,116849,116851],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,116838,115609],{"class":50},[44,116840,55],{"class":54},[44,116842,115594],{"class":50},[44,116844,81],{"class":80},[44,116846,115618],{"class":84},[44,116848,98],{"class":80},[44,116850,11795],{"class":84},[44,116852,104],{"class":80},[44,116854,116855],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,116856,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,116858,116859,116861,116863,116865,116867,116869,116871,116873,116875,116877],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,116860,11795],{"class":50},[44,116862,3561],{"class":80},[44,116864,362],{"class":58},[44,116866,16053],{"class":62},[44,116868,362],{"class":58},[44,116870,13213],{"class":80},[44,116872,13216],{"class":84},[44,116874,98],{"class":80},[44,116876,36506],{"class":1675},[44,116878,104],{"class":80},[44,116880,116881],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,116882,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,116884,116885,116887,116889,116891,116893],{"class":46,"line":6095},[44,116886,95],{"class":94},[44,116888,98],{"class":80},[44,116890,11795],{"class":84},[44,116892,3321],{"class":80},[44,116894,116895],{"class":3324},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[44,116897,116898,116900,116902,116904,116906],{"class":46,"line":6100},[44,116899,95],{"class":94},[44,116901,98],{"class":80},[44,116903,115672],{"class":84},[44,116905,3321],{"class":80},[44,116907,116908],{"class":3324},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[44,116910,116911,116913,116915,116917,116919],{"class":46,"line":11256},[44,116912,95],{"class":94},[44,116914,98],{"class":80},[44,116916,115686],{"class":84},[44,116918,3321],{"class":80},[44,116920,116921],{"class":3324},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,116923,116924],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[30,116926,116928],{"id":116927},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,116930,116931],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[139,116933,116934,116937,116940,116943],{},[142,116935,116936],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[142,116938,116939],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[142,116941,116942],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[142,116944,116945],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,116947,116948],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[35,116950,116952],{"className":37,"code":116951,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,116953,116954,116962,116970,116974,116982,116986,116998],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116955,116956,116958,116960],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116957,2208],{"class":50},[44,116959,55],{"class":54},[44,116961,2241],{"class":1675},[44,116963,116964,116966,116968],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,116965,2236],{"class":50},[44,116967,55],{"class":54},[44,116969,35840],{"class":50},[44,116971,116972],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,116973,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,116975,116976,116978,116980],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,116977,2236],{"class":50},[44,116979,55],{"class":54},[44,116981,14277],{"class":1675},[44,116983,116984],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,116985,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,116987,116988,116990,116992,116994,116996],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,116989,95],{"class":94},[44,116991,98],{"class":80},[44,116993,243],{"class":84},[44,116995,3321],{"class":80},[44,116997,26462],{"class":3324},[44,116999,117000,117002,117004,117006,117008],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,117001,95],{"class":94},[44,117003,98],{"class":80},[44,117005,842],{"class":84},[44,117007,3321],{"class":80},[44,117009,27283],{"class":3324},[20,117011,93170,117012,117015],{},[243,117013,117014],{"href":11727},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[30,117017,1238],{"id":1237},[20,117019,117020],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[139,117022,117023,117027,117032,117037,117040],{},[142,117024,675,117025,56445],{},[15,117026,55],{},[142,117028,675,117029,117031],{},[15,117030,55262],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[142,117033,675,117034,117036],{},[15,117035,12097],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[142,117038,117039],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[142,117041,117042],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117044,117045],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[35,117047,117049],{"className":37,"code":117048,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117050,117051,117065,117079,117101,117132],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117052,117053,117055,117057,117059,117061,117063],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117054,95],{"class":94},[44,117056,98],{"class":80},[44,117058,11748],{"class":84},[44,117060,11856],{"class":524},[44,117062,14047],{"class":84},[44,117064,104],{"class":80},[44,117066,117067,117069,117071,117073,117075,117077],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,117068,95],{"class":94},[44,117070,98],{"class":80},[44,117072,11748],{"class":84},[44,117074,4353],{"class":54},[44,117076,14047],{"class":84},[44,117078,104],{"class":80},[44,117080,117081,117083,117085,117087,117089,117091,117093,117095,117097,117099],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,117082,95],{"class":94},[44,117084,98],{"class":80},[44,117086,12312],{"class":94},[44,117088,98],{"class":80},[44,117090,11795],{"class":84},[44,117092,8893],{"class":80},[44,117094,14479],{"class":94},[44,117096,98],{"class":80},[44,117098,13993],{"class":84},[44,117100,370],{"class":80},[44,117102,117103,117105,117107,117109,117111,117113,117115,117117,117120,117122,117124,117126,117128,117130],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,117104,95],{"class":94},[44,117106,98],{"class":80},[44,117108,12312],{"class":94},[44,117110,98],{"class":80},[44,117112,11795],{"class":84},[44,117114,3561],{"class":80},[44,117116,1772],{"class":1675},[44,117118,117119],{"class":80},"]),",[44,117121,14479],{"class":94},[44,117123,98],{"class":80},[44,117125,13993],{"class":84},[44,117127,3561],{"class":80},[44,117129,1772],{"class":1675},[44,117131,2656],{"class":80},[44,117133,117134,117136,117138,117140,117142,117144],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,117135,95],{"class":94},[44,117137,98],{"class":80},[44,117139,2880],{"class":1461},[44,117141,98],{"class":80},[44,117143,11795],{"class":84},[44,117145,370],{"class":80},[20,117147,117148],{},"What they tell you:",[139,117150,117151,117156,117161,117166,117176],{},[142,117152,117153,117155],{},[15,117154,11856],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[142,117157,117158,117160],{},[15,117159,4353],{}," checks whether values are equal",[142,117162,117163,117165],{},[15,117164,43150],{}," shows the identity of an object",[142,117167,117168,117169,4057,117172,117175],{},"comparing ",[15,117170,117171],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117173,117174],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[142,117177,117178,117180],{},[15,117179,1953],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[30,117182,1478],{"id":1477},[267,117184,117186],{"id":117185},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117188,117189],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[267,117191,56931],{"id":56846},[20,117193,117194],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[267,117196,117198],{"id":117197},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117200,117201],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[267,117203,117205],{"id":117204},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117207,117208],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[267,117210,117212],{"id":117211},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117214,117215],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[30,117217,1545],{"id":1544},[139,117219,117220,117225,117231,117237,117241],{},[142,117221,117222],{},[243,117223,117224],{"href":11727},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[142,117226,117227],{},[243,117228,3234,117229,1555],{"href":54621},[15,117230,55262],{},[142,117232,117233],{},[243,117234,3234,117235,1555],{"href":12094},[15,117236,12097],{},[142,117238,117239],{},[243,117240,14628],{"href":56881},[142,117242,117243],{},[243,117244,117245],{"href":58156},"What is a list in Python?",[1577,117247,117248],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":117250},[117251,117252,117253,117254,117255,117256,117261,117262,117263,117264,117265,117266,117273],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":115706,"depth":69,"text":115707},{"id":115727,"depth":69,"text":115728},{"id":115970,"depth":69,"text":115971},{"id":116110,"depth":69,"text":116111},{"id":116226,"depth":69,"text":116227,"children":117257},[117258,117259,117260],{"id":116233,"depth":91,"text":116234},{"id":116302,"depth":91,"text":116303},{"id":116401,"depth":91,"text":116402},{"id":116515,"depth":69,"text":116516},{"id":116647,"depth":69,"text":116648},{"id":116761,"depth":69,"text":116762},{"id":116927,"depth":69,"text":116928},{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":117267},[117268,117269,117270,117271,117272],{"id":117185,"depth":91,"text":117186},{"id":56846,"depth":91,"text":56931},{"id":117197,"depth":91,"text":117198},{"id":117204,"depth":91,"text":117205},{"id":117211,"depth":91,"text":117212},{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115507,"description":117274},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117280,"title":117281,"body":117282,"description":119139,"extension":1611,"meta":119140,"navigation":184,"path":119141,"seo":119142,"stem":119143,"__hash__":119144},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117283,"toc":119097},[117284,117289,117294,117302,117304,117372,117377,117382,117397,117400,117402,117433,117435,117455,117458,117473,117475,117478,117551,117553,117598,117600,117611,117616,117620,117625,117628,117667,117669,117689,117692,117749,117751,117786,117789,117828,117830,117850,117853,117884,117886,117942,117944,117949,118020,118022,118055,118060,118065,118130,118132,118169,118172,118249,118251,118311,118318,118323,118326,118329,118410,118412,118453,118458,118461,118539,118541,118574,118583,118590,118593,118604,118607,118618,118622,118630,118639,118643,118648,118652,118657,118700,118703,118709,118712,118714,118761,118766,118770,118773,118822,118824,118845,118848,118850,118875,118878,118999,119004,119006,119011,119014,119019,119022,119030,119035,119042,119045,119053,119056,119058,119094],[10,117285,3234,117287,3238],{"id":117286},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117288,74087],{},[20,117290,117291,117293],{},[15,117292,74087],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117295,117296,117297,839,117299,117301],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117298,77530],{},[15,117300,74087],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[30,117303,33],{"id":32},[35,117305,117307],{"className":37,"code":117306,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117308,117309,117329,117343,117347,117359],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117310,117311,117313,117315,117317,117319,117321,117323,117325,117327],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117312,3276],{"class":50},[44,117314,55],{"class":54},[44,117316,3281],{"class":80},[44,117318,1714],{"class":1675},[44,117320,2646],{"class":80},[44,117322,5162],{"class":1675},[44,117324,2646],{"class":80},[44,117326,2649],{"class":1675},[44,117328,3294],{"class":80},[44,117330,117331,117333,117335,117337,117339,117341],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,117332,1880],{"class":50},[44,117334,55],{"class":54},[44,117336,74221],{"class":94},[44,117338,98],{"class":80},[44,117340,3308],{"class":84},[44,117342,104],{"class":80},[44,117344,117345],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,117346,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,117348,117349,117351,117353,117355,117357],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,117350,95],{"class":94},[44,117352,98],{"class":80},[44,117354,1915],{"class":84},[44,117356,3321],{"class":80},[44,117358,55349],{"class":3324},[44,117360,117361,117363,117365,117367,117369],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,117362,95],{"class":94},[44,117364,98],{"class":80},[44,117366,3308],{"class":84},[44,117368,3321],{"class":80},[44,117370,117371],{"class":3324},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117373,117374,117376],{},[15,117375,74087],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[30,117378,126,117380,129],{"id":117379},"what-sorted-does",[15,117381,74087],{},[139,117383,117384,117388,117391,117394],{},[142,117385,117386,62589],{},[15,117387,74087],{},[142,117389,117390],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[142,117392,117393],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[142,117395,117396],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117398,117399],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[30,117401,250],{"id":249},[35,117403,117405],{"className":37,"code":117404,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117406,117407],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117408,117409,117411,117413,117415,117417,117419,117421,117423,117425,117427,117429,117431],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117410,74177],{"class":94},[44,117412,98],{"class":80},[44,117414,3381],{"class":84},[44,117416,2646],{"class":80},[44,117418,21247],{"class":8835},[44,117420,55],{"class":54},[44,117422,3439],{"class":3513},[44,117424,2646],{"class":80},[44,117426,77733],{"class":8835},[44,117428,55],{"class":54},[44,117430,3335],{"class":3513},[44,117432,104],{"class":80},[267,117434,17060],{"id":17059},[139,117436,117437,117442,117447],{},[142,117438,117439,117441],{},[15,117440,3381],{},": the values to sort",[142,117443,117444,117446],{},[15,117445,14504],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[142,117448,117449,117451,117452,117454],{},[15,117450,73240],{},": set to ",[15,117453,3263],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117456,117457],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[35,117459,117461],{"className":37,"code":117460,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117462,117463],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117464,117465,117467,117469,117471],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117466,74177],{"class":94},[44,117468,98],{"class":80},[44,117470,59970],{"class":84},[44,117472,104],{"class":80},[30,117474,11136],{"id":11135},[20,117476,117477],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[35,117479,117481],{"className":37,"code":117480,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117482,117483,117507,117511,117526,117530,117541],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117484,117485,117487,117489,117491,117493,117495,117497,117499,117501,117503,117505],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117486,3276],{"class":50},[44,117488,55],{"class":54},[44,117490,3281],{"class":80},[44,117492,1789],{"class":1675},[44,117494,2646],{"class":80},[44,117496,2649],{"class":1675},[44,117498,2646],{"class":80},[44,117500,6024],{"class":1675},[44,117502,2646],{"class":80},[44,117504,5162],{"class":1675},[44,117506,3294],{"class":80},[44,117508,117509],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,117510,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,117512,117513,117516,117518,117520,117522,117524],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,117514,117515],{"class":50},"sorted_numbers ",[44,117517,55],{"class":54},[44,117519,74221],{"class":94},[44,117521,98],{"class":80},[44,117523,3308],{"class":84},[44,117525,104],{"class":80},[44,117527,117528],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,117529,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,117531,117532,117534,117536,117539],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,117533,95],{"class":94},[44,117535,98],{"class":80},[44,117537,117538],{"class":84},"sorted_numbers",[44,117540,104],{"class":80},[44,117542,117543,117545,117547,117549],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,117544,95],{"class":94},[44,117546,98],{"class":80},[44,117548,3308],{"class":84},[44,117550,104],{"class":80},[20,117552,107],{},[35,117554,117556],{"className":37,"code":117555,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117557,117558,117578],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117559,117560,117562,117564,117566,117568,117570,117572,117574,117576],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117561,3561],{"class":80},[44,117563,2643],{"class":1675},[44,117565,2646],{"class":80},[44,117567,2649],{"class":1675},[44,117569,2646],{"class":80},[44,117571,4270],{"class":1675},[44,117573,2646],{"class":80},[44,117575,6024],{"class":1675},[44,117577,3294],{"class":80},[44,117579,117580,117582,117584,117586,117588,117590,117592,117594,117596],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,117581,3561],{"class":80},[44,117583,1789],{"class":1675},[44,117585,2646],{"class":80},[44,117587,2649],{"class":1675},[44,117589,2646],{"class":80},[44,117591,6024],{"class":1675},[44,117593,2646],{"class":80},[44,117595,5162],{"class":1675},[44,117597,3294],{"class":80},[20,117599,13426],{},[139,117601,117602,117607],{},[142,117603,117604,117606],{},[15,117605,117538],{}," is a new sorted list",[142,117608,117609,112143],{},[15,117610,3308],{},[20,117612,117613,117614,81],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[243,117615,78040],{"href":78039},[30,117617,117619],{"id":117618},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117621,117622,117624],{},[15,117623,74087],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[267,117626,117627],{"id":7754},"List",[35,117629,117631],{"className":37,"code":117630,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117632,117633,117653],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117634,117635,117637,117639,117641,117643,117645,117647,117649,117651],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117636,3276],{"class":50},[44,117638,55],{"class":54},[44,117640,3281],{"class":80},[44,117642,1714],{"class":1675},[44,117644,2646],{"class":80},[44,117646,5162],{"class":1675},[44,117648,2646],{"class":80},[44,117650,2649],{"class":1675},[44,117652,3294],{"class":80},[44,117654,117655,117657,117659,117661,117663,117665],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,117656,95],{"class":94},[44,117658,98],{"class":80},[44,117660,74177],{"class":94},[44,117662,98],{"class":80},[44,117664,3308],{"class":84},[44,117666,370],{"class":80},[20,117668,107],{},[35,117670,117671],{"className":37,"code":54811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,117672,117673],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117674,117675,117677,117679,117681,117683,117685,117687],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117676,3561],{"class":80},[44,117678,2643],{"class":1675},[44,117680,2646],{"class":80},[44,117682,2649],{"class":1675},[44,117684,2646],{"class":80},[44,117686,2104],{"class":1675},[44,117688,3294],{"class":80},[267,117690,117691],{"id":48615},"Tuple",[35,117693,117695],{"className":37,"code":117694,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,117696,117697,117717,117731],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117698,117699,117701,117703,117705,117707,117709,117711,117713,117715],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117700,3484],{"class":50},[44,117702,55],{"class":54},[44,117704,8896],{"class":80},[44,117706,1714],{"class":1675},[44,117708,2646],{"class":80},[44,117710,5162],{"class":1675},[44,117712,2646],{"class":80},[44,117714,2649],{"class":1675},[44,117716,104],{"class":80},[44,117718,117719,117721,117723,117725,117727,117729],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,117720,95],{"class":94},[44,117722,98],{"class":80},[44,117724,74177],{"class":94},[44,117726,98],{"class":80},[44,117728,5022],{"class":84},[44,117730,370],{"class":80},[44,117732,117733,117735,117737,117739,117741,117743,117745,117747],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,117734,95],{"class":94},[44,117736,98],{"class":80},[44,117738,2880],{"class":1461},[44,117740,98],{"class":80},[44,117742,74177],{"class":94},[44,117744,98],{"class":80},[44,117746,5022],{"class":84},[44,117748,2567],{"class":80},[20,117750,107],{},[35,117752,117754],{"className":37,"code":117753,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,117755,117756,117772],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117757,117758,117760,117762,117764,117766,117768,117770],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117759,3561],{"class":80},[44,117761,2643],{"class":1675},[44,117763,2646],{"class":80},[44,117765,2649],{"class":1675},[44,117767,2646],{"class":80},[44,117769,2104],{"class":1675},[44,117771,3294],{"class":80},[44,117773,117774,117776,117778,117780,117782,117784],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,117775,2949],{"class":54},[44,117777,2952],{"class":1717},[44,117779,2955],{"class":58},[44,117781,7754],{"class":62},[44,117783,655],{"class":58},[44,117785,2962],{"class":54},[267,117787,117788],{"id":5952},"Set",[35,117790,117792],{"className":37,"code":117791,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,117793,117794,117814],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117795,117796,117798,117800,117802,117804,117806,117808,117810,117812],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117797,3484],{"class":50},[44,117799,55],{"class":54},[44,117801,10151],{"class":80},[44,117803,1714],{"class":1675},[44,117805,2646],{"class":80},[44,117807,5162],{"class":1675},[44,117809,2646],{"class":80},[44,117811,2649],{"class":1675},[44,117813,8969],{"class":80},[44,117815,117816,117818,117820,117822,117824,117826],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,117817,95],{"class":94},[44,117819,98],{"class":80},[44,117821,74177],{"class":94},[44,117823,98],{"class":80},[44,117825,5022],{"class":84},[44,117827,370],{"class":80},[20,117829,107],{},[35,117831,117832],{"className":37,"code":54811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,117833,117834],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117835,117836,117838,117840,117842,117844,117846,117848],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117837,3561],{"class":80},[44,117839,2643],{"class":1675},[44,117841,2646],{"class":80},[44,117843,2649],{"class":1675},[44,117845,2646],{"class":80},[44,117847,2104],{"class":1675},[44,117849,3294],{"class":80},[267,117851,117852],{"id":60837},"String",[35,117854,117856],{"className":37,"code":117855,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,117857,117858,117870],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117859,117860,117862,117864,117866,117868],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117861,51],{"class":50},[44,117863,55],{"class":54},[44,117865,59],{"class":58},[44,117867,39],{"class":62},[44,117869,66],{"class":58},[44,117871,117872,117874,117876,117878,117880,117882],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,117873,95],{"class":94},[44,117875,98],{"class":80},[44,117877,74177],{"class":94},[44,117879,98],{"class":80},[44,117881,194],{"class":84},[44,117883,370],{"class":80},[20,117885,107],{},[35,117887,117888],{"className":37,"code":79057,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,117889,117890],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117891,117892,117894,117896,117898,117900,117902,117904,117906,117908,117910,117912,117914,117916,117918,117920,117922,117924,117926,117928,117930,117932,117934,117936,117938,117940],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117893,3561],{"class":80},[44,117895,655],{"class":58},[44,117897,60101],{"class":62},[44,117899,655],{"class":58},[44,117901,2646],{"class":80},[44,117903,2955],{"class":58},[44,117905,75693],{"class":62},[44,117907,655],{"class":58},[44,117909,2646],{"class":80},[44,117911,2955],{"class":58},[44,117913,60136],{"class":62},[44,117915,655],{"class":58},[44,117917,2646],{"class":80},[44,117919,2955],{"class":58},[44,117921,20],{"class":62},[44,117923,655],{"class":58},[44,117925,2646],{"class":80},[44,117927,2955],{"class":58},[44,117929,1107],{"class":62},[44,117931,655],{"class":58},[44,117933,2646],{"class":80},[44,117935,2955],{"class":58},[44,117937,11407],{"class":62},[44,117939,655],{"class":58},[44,117941,3294],{"class":80},[267,117943,28891],{"id":15268},[20,117945,63202,117946,117948],{},[15,117947,74087],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[35,117950,117952],{"className":37,"code":117951,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,117953,117954,118006],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117955,117956,117958,117960,117962,117964,117966,117968,117970,117972,117974,117976,117978,117980,117982,117984,117986,117988,117990,117992,117994,117996,117998,118000,118002,118004],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117957,12867],{"class":50},[44,117959,55],{"class":54},[44,117961,10151],{"class":80},[44,117963,362],{"class":58},[44,117965,302],{"class":62},[44,117967,362],{"class":58},[44,117969,2539],{"class":80},[44,117971,59],{"class":58},[44,117973,12543],{"class":62},[44,117975,362],{"class":58},[44,117977,2646],{"class":80},[44,117979,59],{"class":58},[44,117981,8959],{"class":62},[44,117983,362],{"class":58},[44,117985,2539],{"class":80},[44,117987,7452],{"class":1675},[44,117989,2646],{"class":80},[44,117991,59],{"class":58},[44,117993,10069],{"class":62},[44,117995,362],{"class":58},[44,117997,2539],{"class":80},[44,117999,59],{"class":58},[44,118001,15695],{"class":62},[44,118003,362],{"class":58},[44,118005,8969],{"class":80},[44,118007,118008,118010,118012,118014,118016,118018],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,118009,95],{"class":94},[44,118011,98],{"class":80},[44,118013,74177],{"class":94},[44,118015,98],{"class":80},[44,118017,16972],{"class":84},[44,118019,370],{"class":80},[20,118021,107],{},[35,118023,118025],{"className":37,"code":118024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118026,118027],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118028,118029,118031,118033,118035,118037,118039,118041,118043,118045,118047,118049,118051,118053],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118030,3561],{"class":80},[44,118032,655],{"class":58},[44,118034,8959],{"class":62},[44,118036,655],{"class":58},[44,118038,2646],{"class":80},[44,118040,2955],{"class":58},[44,118042,10069],{"class":62},[44,118044,655],{"class":58},[44,118046,2646],{"class":80},[44,118048,2955],{"class":58},[44,118050,302],{"class":62},[44,118052,655],{"class":58},[44,118054,3294],{"class":80},[30,118056,675,118058],{"id":118057},"using-reversetrue",[15,118059,77754],{},[20,118061,119,118062,118064],{},[15,118063,77754],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[35,118066,118068],{"className":37,"code":118067,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118069,118070,118090,118094,118108],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118071,118072,118074,118076,118078,118080,118082,118084,118086,118088],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118073,3276],{"class":50},[44,118075,55],{"class":54},[44,118077,3281],{"class":80},[44,118079,1714],{"class":1675},[44,118081,2646],{"class":80},[44,118083,5162],{"class":1675},[44,118085,2646],{"class":80},[44,118087,2649],{"class":1675},[44,118089,3294],{"class":80},[44,118091,118092],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,118093,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,118095,118096,118098,118100,118102,118104,118106],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,118097,95],{"class":94},[44,118099,98],{"class":80},[44,118101,74177],{"class":94},[44,118103,98],{"class":80},[44,118105,3308],{"class":84},[44,118107,370],{"class":80},[44,118109,118110,118112,118114,118116,118118,118120,118122,118124,118126,118128],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,118111,95],{"class":94},[44,118113,98],{"class":80},[44,118115,74177],{"class":94},[44,118117,98],{"class":80},[44,118119,3308],{"class":84},[44,118121,2646],{"class":80},[44,118123,77733],{"class":8835},[44,118125,55],{"class":54},[44,118127,3263],{"class":3513},[44,118129,370],{"class":80},[20,118131,107],{},[35,118133,118135],{"className":37,"code":118134,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118136,118137,118153],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118138,118139,118141,118143,118145,118147,118149,118151],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118140,3561],{"class":80},[44,118142,2643],{"class":1675},[44,118144,2646],{"class":80},[44,118146,2649],{"class":1675},[44,118148,2646],{"class":80},[44,118150,2104],{"class":1675},[44,118152,3294],{"class":80},[44,118154,118155,118157,118159,118161,118163,118165,118167],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,118156,3561],{"class":80},[44,118158,1714],{"class":1675},[44,118160,2646],{"class":80},[44,118162,2649],{"class":1675},[44,118164,2646],{"class":80},[44,118166,5162],{"class":1675},[44,118168,3294],{"class":80},[20,118170,118171],{},"This also works with strings:",[35,118173,118175],{"className":37,"code":118174,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118176,118177,118209,118213,118227],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118178,118179,118181,118183,118185,118187,118189,118191,118193,118195,118197,118199,118201,118203,118205,118207],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118180,3732],{"class":50},[44,118182,55],{"class":54},[44,118184,3281],{"class":80},[44,118186,362],{"class":58},[44,118188,3741],{"class":62},[44,118190,362],{"class":58},[44,118192,2646],{"class":80},[44,118194,59],{"class":58},[44,118196,3750],{"class":62},[44,118198,362],{"class":58},[44,118200,2646],{"class":80},[44,118202,59],{"class":58},[44,118204,3759],{"class":62},[44,118206,362],{"class":58},[44,118208,3294],{"class":80},[44,118210,118211],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,118212,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,118214,118215,118217,118219,118221,118223,118225],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,118216,95],{"class":94},[44,118218,98],{"class":80},[44,118220,74177],{"class":94},[44,118222,98],{"class":80},[44,118224,3776],{"class":84},[44,118226,370],{"class":80},[44,118228,118229,118231,118233,118235,118237,118239,118241,118243,118245,118247],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,118230,95],{"class":94},[44,118232,98],{"class":80},[44,118234,74177],{"class":94},[44,118236,98],{"class":80},[44,118238,3776],{"class":84},[44,118240,2646],{"class":80},[44,118242,77733],{"class":8835},[44,118244,55],{"class":54},[44,118246,3263],{"class":3513},[44,118248,370],{"class":80},[20,118250,107],{},[35,118252,118253],{"className":37,"code":73821,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,118254,118255,118283],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118256,118257,118259,118261,118263,118265,118267,118269,118271,118273,118275,118277,118279,118281],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118258,3561],{"class":80},[44,118260,655],{"class":58},[44,118262,3741],{"class":62},[44,118264,655],{"class":58},[44,118266,2646],{"class":80},[44,118268,2955],{"class":58},[44,118270,3750],{"class":62},[44,118272,655],{"class":58},[44,118274,2646],{"class":80},[44,118276,2955],{"class":58},[44,118278,3759],{"class":62},[44,118280,655],{"class":58},[44,118282,3294],{"class":80},[44,118284,118285,118287,118289,118291,118293,118295,118297,118299,118301,118303,118305,118307,118309],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,118286,3561],{"class":80},[44,118288,655],{"class":58},[44,118290,3759],{"class":62},[44,118292,655],{"class":58},[44,118294,2646],{"class":80},[44,118296,2955],{"class":58},[44,118298,3750],{"class":62},[44,118300,655],{"class":58},[44,118302,2646],{"class":80},[44,118304,2955],{"class":58},[44,118306,3741],{"class":62},[44,118308,655],{"class":58},[44,118310,3294],{"class":80},[30,118312,675,118314,118317],{"id":118313},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118315,118316],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118319,1628,118320,118322],{},[15,118321,118316],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118324,118325],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118327,118328],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[35,118330,118332],{"className":37,"code":118331,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118333,118334,118374,118378,118400],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118335,118336,118338,118340,118342,118344,118346,118348,118350,118352,118354,118356,118358,118360,118362,118364,118366,118368,118370,118372],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118337,3732],{"class":50},[44,118339,55],{"class":54},[44,118341,3281],{"class":80},[44,118343,362],{"class":58},[44,118345,78407],{"class":62},[44,118347,362],{"class":58},[44,118349,2646],{"class":80},[44,118351,59],{"class":58},[44,118353,38024],{"class":62},[44,118355,362],{"class":58},[44,118357,2646],{"class":80},[44,118359,59],{"class":58},[44,118361,3750],{"class":62},[44,118363,362],{"class":58},[44,118365,2646],{"class":80},[44,118367,59],{"class":58},[44,118369,38007],{"class":62},[44,118371,362],{"class":58},[44,118373,3294],{"class":80},[44,118375,118376],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,118377,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,118379,118380,118382,118384,118386,118388,118390,118392,118394,118396,118398],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,118381,1880],{"class":50},[44,118383,55],{"class":54},[44,118385,74221],{"class":94},[44,118387,98],{"class":80},[44,118389,3776],{"class":84},[44,118391,2646],{"class":80},[44,118393,21247],{"class":8835},[44,118395,55],{"class":54},[44,118397,10822],{"class":94},[44,118399,104],{"class":80},[44,118401,118402,118404,118406,118408],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,118403,95],{"class":94},[44,118405,98],{"class":80},[44,118407,1915],{"class":84},[44,118409,104],{"class":80},[20,118411,107],{},[35,118413,118415],{"className":37,"code":118414,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118416,118417],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118418,118419,118421,118423,118425,118427,118429,118431,118433,118435,118437,118439,118441,118443,118445,118447,118449,118451],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118420,3561],{"class":80},[44,118422,655],{"class":58},[44,118424,38024],{"class":62},[44,118426,655],{"class":58},[44,118428,2646],{"class":80},[44,118430,2955],{"class":58},[44,118432,78407],{"class":62},[44,118434,655],{"class":58},[44,118436,2646],{"class":80},[44,118438,2955],{"class":58},[44,118440,38007],{"class":62},[44,118442,655],{"class":58},[44,118444,2646],{"class":80},[44,118446,2955],{"class":58},[44,118448,3750],{"class":62},[44,118450,655],{"class":58},[44,118452,3294],{"class":80},[20,118454,20438,118455,118457],{},[15,118456,10822],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118459,118460],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[35,118462,118464],{"className":37,"code":118463,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118465,118466,118499,118503,118529],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118467,118468,118470,118472,118474,118476,118478,118480,118482,118484,118486,118488,118490,118492,118495,118497],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118469,3732],{"class":50},[44,118471,55],{"class":54},[44,118473,3281],{"class":80},[44,118475,362],{"class":58},[44,118477,83026],{"class":62},[44,118479,362],{"class":58},[44,118481,2646],{"class":80},[44,118483,59],{"class":58},[44,118485,3741],{"class":62},[44,118487,362],{"class":58},[44,118489,2646],{"class":80},[44,118491,59],{"class":58},[44,118493,118494],{"class":62},"Cherry",[44,118496,362],{"class":58},[44,118498,3294],{"class":80},[44,118500,118501],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,118502,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,118504,118505,118507,118509,118511,118513,118515,118517,118519,118521,118523,118525,118527],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,118506,1880],{"class":50},[44,118508,55],{"class":54},[44,118510,74221],{"class":94},[44,118512,98],{"class":80},[44,118514,3776],{"class":84},[44,118516,2646],{"class":80},[44,118518,21247],{"class":8835},[44,118520,55],{"class":54},[44,118522,1462],{"class":1461},[44,118524,81],{"class":80},[44,118526,8300],{"class":1467},[44,118528,104],{"class":80},[44,118530,118531,118533,118535,118537],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,118532,95],{"class":94},[44,118534,98],{"class":80},[44,118536,1915],{"class":84},[44,118538,104],{"class":80},[20,118540,107],{},[35,118542,118544],{"className":37,"code":118543,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118545,118546],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118547,118548,118550,118552,118554,118556,118558,118560,118562,118564,118566,118568,118570,118572],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118549,3561],{"class":80},[44,118551,655],{"class":58},[44,118553,3741],{"class":62},[44,118555,655],{"class":58},[44,118557,2646],{"class":80},[44,118559,2955],{"class":58},[44,118561,83026],{"class":62},[44,118563,655],{"class":58},[44,118565,2646],{"class":80},[44,118567,2955],{"class":58},[44,118569,118494],{"class":62},[44,118571,655],{"class":58},[44,118573,3294],{"class":80},[20,118575,118576,118577,34993,118579,81],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118578,42025],{},[243,118580,3234,118581,3167],{"href":42022},[15,118582,42025],{},[30,118584,118586,866,118588],{"id":118585},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118587,74087],{},[15,118589,77530],{},[20,118591,118592],{},"The main difference is this:",[139,118594,118595,118600],{},[142,118596,118597,118599],{},[15,118598,74087],{}," returns a new list",[142,118601,118602,73625],{},[15,118603,77530],{},[20,118605,118606],{},"Also:",[139,118608,118609,118614],{},[142,118610,118611,118613],{},[15,118612,74087],{}," works with many iterables",[142,118615,118616,78963],{},[15,118617,77530],{},[20,118619,119,118620,10261],{},[15,118621,74087],{},[139,118623,118624,118627],{},[142,118625,118626],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[142,118628,118629],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118631,118632,118633,81],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[243,118634,3234,118635,866,118637,5448],{"href":78788},[15,118636,74087],{},[15,118638,77530],{},[30,118640,118642],{"id":118641},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118644,118645,118646,81],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118647,74087],{},[267,118649,118651],{"id":118650},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118653,118654,118655,2539],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118656,2662],{},[35,118658,118660],{"className":37,"code":118659,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118661,118662,118686],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118663,118664,118666,118668,118670,118672,118674,118676,118678,118680,118682,118684],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118665,3484],{"class":50},[44,118667,55],{"class":54},[44,118669,3281],{"class":80},[44,118671,2643],{"class":1675},[44,118673,2646],{"class":80},[44,118675,59],{"class":58},[44,118677,1708],{"class":62},[44,118679,362],{"class":58},[44,118681,2646],{"class":80},[44,118683,2104],{"class":1675},[44,118685,3294],{"class":80},[44,118687,118688,118690,118692,118694,118696,118698],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,118689,95],{"class":94},[44,118691,98],{"class":80},[44,118693,74177],{"class":94},[44,118695,98],{"class":80},[44,118697,5022],{"class":84},[44,118699,370],{"class":80},[20,118701,118702],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[267,118704,118706,118707,1954],{"id":118705},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,118708,14504],{},[20,118710,118711],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,118713,161],{},[35,118715,118717],{"className":37,"code":118716,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,118718,118719,118739],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118720,118721,118723,118725,118727,118729,118731,118733,118735,118737],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118722,3276],{"class":50},[44,118724,55],{"class":54},[44,118726,3281],{"class":80},[44,118728,1982],{"class":1675},[44,118730,2646],{"class":80},[44,118732,2649],{"class":1675},[44,118734,2646],{"class":80},[44,118736,7457],{"class":1675},[44,118738,3294],{"class":80},[44,118740,118741,118743,118745,118747,118749,118751,118753,118755,118757,118759],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,118742,95],{"class":94},[44,118744,98],{"class":80},[44,118746,74177],{"class":94},[44,118748,98],{"class":80},[44,118750,3308],{"class":84},[44,118752,2646],{"class":80},[44,118754,21247],{"class":8835},[44,118756,55],{"class":54},[44,118758,10822],{"class":94},[44,118760,370],{"class":80},[20,118762,48172,118763,118765],{},[15,118764,42025],{}," does not work on integers.",[267,118767,118769],{"id":118768},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,118771,118772],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[35,118774,118776],{"className":37,"code":118775,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118777,118778,118798,118808,118812],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118779,118780,118782,118784,118786,118788,118790,118792,118794,118796],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118781,3276],{"class":50},[44,118783,55],{"class":54},[44,118785,3281],{"class":80},[44,118787,1714],{"class":1675},[44,118789,2646],{"class":80},[44,118791,5162],{"class":1675},[44,118793,2646],{"class":80},[44,118795,2649],{"class":1675},[44,118797,3294],{"class":80},[44,118799,118800,118802,118804,118806],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,118801,74177],{"class":94},[44,118803,98],{"class":80},[44,118805,3308],{"class":84},[44,118807,104],{"class":80},[44,118809,118810],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,118811,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,118813,118814,118816,118818,118820],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,118815,95],{"class":94},[44,118817,98],{"class":80},[44,118819,3308],{"class":84},[44,118821,104],{"class":80},[20,118823,107],{},[35,118825,118827],{"className":37,"code":118826,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,118828,118829],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118830,118831,118833,118835,118837,118839,118841,118843],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118832,3561],{"class":80},[44,118834,1714],{"class":1675},[44,118836,2646],{"class":80},[44,118838,5162],{"class":1675},[44,118840,2646],{"class":80},[44,118842,2649],{"class":1675},[44,118844,3294],{"class":80},[20,118846,118847],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[30,118849,1238],{"id":1237},[139,118851,118852,118856,118859,118864,118868],{},[142,118853,4244,118854,73625],{},[15,118855,74087],{},[142,118857,118858],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[142,118860,1262,118861,118863],{},[15,118862,74087],{}," always returns a list",[142,118865,675,118866,22771],{},[15,118867,118316],{},[142,118869,29318,118870,118872,118873],{},[15,118871,63974],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,118874,74087],{},[20,118876,118877],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[35,118879,118881],{"className":37,"code":118880,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,118882,118883,118905,118931,118969],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118884,118885,118887,118889,118891,118893,118895,118897,118899,118901,118903],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118886,95],{"class":94},[44,118888,98],{"class":80},[44,118890,74177],{"class":94},[44,118892,2640],{"class":80},[44,118894,1714],{"class":1675},[44,118896,2646],{"class":80},[44,118898,5162],{"class":1675},[44,118900,2646],{"class":80},[44,118902,2649],{"class":1675},[44,118904,2656],{"class":80},[44,118906,118907,118909,118911,118913,118915,118917,118919,118921,118923,118925,118927,118929],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,118908,95],{"class":94},[44,118910,98],{"class":80},[44,118912,2880],{"class":1461},[44,118914,98],{"class":80},[44,118916,74177],{"class":94},[44,118918,5175],{"class":80},[44,118920,1714],{"class":1675},[44,118922,2646],{"class":80},[44,118924,5162],{"class":1675},[44,118926,2646],{"class":80},[44,118928,2649],{"class":1675},[44,118930,93026],{"class":80},[44,118932,118933,118935,118937,118939,118941,118943,118945,118947,118949,118951,118953,118955,118957,118959,118961,118963,118965,118967],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,118934,95],{"class":94},[44,118936,98],{"class":80},[44,118938,74177],{"class":94},[44,118940,2640],{"class":80},[44,118942,655],{"class":58},[44,118944,83026],{"class":62},[44,118946,655],{"class":58},[44,118948,2646],{"class":80},[44,118950,2955],{"class":58},[44,118952,3741],{"class":62},[44,118954,655],{"class":58},[44,118956,17728],{"class":80},[44,118958,21247],{"class":8835},[44,118960,55],{"class":54},[44,118962,1462],{"class":1461},[44,118964,81],{"class":80},[44,118966,8300],{"class":1467},[44,118968,370],{"class":80},[44,118970,118971,118973,118975,118977,118979,118981,118983,118985,118987,118989,118991,118993,118995,118997],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,118972,95],{"class":94},[44,118974,98],{"class":80},[44,118976,74177],{"class":94},[44,118978,2640],{"class":80},[44,118980,1714],{"class":1675},[44,118982,2646],{"class":80},[44,118984,5162],{"class":1675},[44,118986,2646],{"class":80},[44,118988,2649],{"class":1675},[44,118990,17728],{"class":80},[44,118992,77733],{"class":8835},[44,118994,55],{"class":54},[44,118996,3263],{"class":3513},[44,118998,370],{"class":80},[20,119000,119001,119002,81],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[243,119003,52433],{"href":50641},[30,119005,1478],{"id":1477},[267,119007,1482,119009,56825],{"id":119008},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119010,74087],{},[20,119012,119013],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[267,119015,1504,119017,12378],{"id":119016},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119018,74087],{},[20,119020,119021],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[267,119023,119025,119026,10752,119028,1520],{"id":119024},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119027,74087],{},[15,119029,77530],{},[20,119031,119,119032,119034],{},[15,119033,74087],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[267,119036,1504,119038,86112,119040,1520],{"id":119037},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119039,118316],{},[15,119041,74087],{},[20,119043,119044],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[267,119046,4820,119048,119050,119051,1520],{"id":119047},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119049,74087],{}," give a ",[15,119052,2662],{},[20,119054,119055],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[30,119057,1545],{"id":1544},[139,119059,119060,119064,119072,119076,119082,119088],{},[142,119061,119062],{},[243,119063,79536],{"href":78039},[142,119065,119066],{},[243,119067,3234,119068,866,119070,5448],{"href":78788},[15,119069,74087],{},[15,119071,77530],{},[142,119073,119074],{},[243,119075,52433],{"href":50641},[142,119077,119078],{},[243,119079,3234,119080,3167],{"href":42022},[15,119081,42025],{},[142,119083,119084],{},[243,119085,3234,119086,3167],{"href":91682},[15,119087,35413],{},[142,119089,119090],{},[243,119091,3234,119092,3167],{"href":35860},[15,119093,35863],{},[1577,119095,119096],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":119098},[119099,119100,119102,119105,119106,119113,119115,119117,119119,119125,119126,119138],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":117379,"depth":69,"text":119101},"What sorted() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250,"children":119103},[119104],{"id":17059,"depth":91,"text":17060},{"id":11135,"depth":69,"text":11136},{"id":117618,"depth":69,"text":117619,"children":119107},[119108,119109,119110,119111,119112],{"id":7754,"depth":91,"text":117627},{"id":48615,"depth":91,"text":117691},{"id":5952,"depth":91,"text":117788},{"id":60837,"depth":91,"text":117852},{"id":15268,"depth":91,"text":28891},{"id":118057,"depth":69,"text":119114},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118313,"depth":69,"text":119116},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118585,"depth":69,"text":119118},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118641,"depth":69,"text":118642,"children":119120},[119121,119122,119124],{"id":118650,"depth":91,"text":118651},{"id":118705,"depth":91,"text":119123},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118768,"depth":91,"text":118769},{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":119127},[119128,119130,119132,119134,119136],{"id":119008,"depth":91,"text":119129},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119016,"depth":91,"text":119131},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119024,"depth":91,"text":119133},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119037,"depth":91,"text":119135},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119047,"depth":91,"text":119137},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117281,"description":119139},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119146,"title":119147,"body":119148,"description":121259,"extension":1611,"meta":121260,"navigation":184,"path":78788,"seo":121261,"stem":121262,"__hash__":121263},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119149,"toc":121206},[119150,119157,119160,119170,119176,119179,119197,119205,119207,119266,119274,119278,119300,119304,119308,119310,119327,119329,119341,119347,119431,119435,119482,119488,119495,119499,119504,119506,119518,119523,119576,119580,119600,119607,119614,119618,119621,119640,119644,119758,119762,119832,119834,119846,119851,119855,119868,119872,119947,119951,119990,119997,120003,120008,120012,120026,120030,120095,120099,120132,120135,120140,120148,120155,120168,120171,120175,120258,120262,120299,120303,120406,120410,120471,120476,120483,120487,120490,120496,120499,120566,120570,120594,120596,120614,120621,120674,120678,120698,120704,120706,120763,120770,120796,120801,120806,120814,120820,120880,120884,120931,120934,120936,120939,120965,120968,121061,121063,121083,121087,121090,121108,121114,121116,121124,121129,121136,121139,121145,121148,121154,121162,121170,121175,121177,121203],[10,119151,3234,119153,866,119155,92740],{"id":119152},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119154,74087],{},[15,119156,77530],{},[20,119158,119159],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[139,119161,119162,119166],{},[142,119163,119164],{},[15,119165,74087],{},[142,119167,119168],{},[15,119169,77530],{},[20,119171,119172,119173,119175],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[830,119174,832],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119177,119178],{},"The main difference is simple:",[139,119180,119181,119189],{},[142,119182,119,119183,119185,119186],{},[15,119184,74087],{}," when you want a ",[830,119187,119188],{},"new sorted result",[142,119190,119,119191,119193,119194],{},[15,119192,77530],{}," when you want to ",[830,119195,119196],{},"change the original list",[20,119198,119199,119200,2049,119202,119204],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119201,77530],{},[15,119203,3439],{}," and causes confusion.",[30,119206,33],{"id":32},[35,119208,119210],{"className":37,"code":119209,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119211,119212,119232,119236,119253],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119213,119214,119216,119218,119220,119222,119224,119226,119228,119230],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119215,3276],{"class":50},[44,119217,55],{"class":54},[44,119219,3281],{"class":80},[44,119221,1714],{"class":1675},[44,119223,2646],{"class":80},[44,119225,5162],{"class":1675},[44,119227,2646],{"class":80},[44,119229,2649],{"class":1675},[44,119231,3294],{"class":80},[44,119233,119234],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,119235,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,119237,119238,119240,119242,119244,119246,119248,119250],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,119239,55551],{"class":50},[44,119241,55],{"class":54},[44,119243,74221],{"class":94},[44,119245,98],{"class":80},[44,119247,3308],{"class":84},[44,119249,3321],{"class":80},[44,119251,119252],{"class":3324},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[44,119254,119255,119257,119259,119261,119263],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,119256,3308],{"class":50},[44,119258,81],{"class":80},[44,119260,34462],{"class":84},[44,119262,535],{"class":80},[44,119264,119265],{"class":3324},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119267,119,119268,119270,119271,119273],{},[15,119269,74087],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119272,77530],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[30,119275,119277],{"id":119276},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[139,119279,119280,119285,119290,119297],{},[142,119281,119,119282,119284],{},[15,119283,74087],{}," to get a new sorted list",[142,119286,119,119287,119289],{},[15,119288,77530],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[142,119291,119292,119293,2049,119295],{},"Understand why ",[15,119294,77530],{},[15,119296,3439],{},[142,119298,119299],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[30,119301,126,119302,129],{"id":117379},[15,119303,74087],{},[20,119305,119306,62589],{},[15,119307,74087],{},[20,119309,48589],{},[139,119311,119312,119318,119324],{},[142,119313,119314,119315],{},"returns a ",[830,119316,119317],{},"new list",[142,119319,119320,119321,119323],{},"does ",[830,119322,832],{}," change the original data",[142,119325,119326],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119328,50795],{},[139,119330,119331,119333,119335,119337,119339],{},[142,119332,4963],{},[142,119334,4966],{},[142,119336,4972],{},[142,119338,4969],{},[142,119340,35574],{},[267,119342,34741,119344,119346],{"id":119343},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119345,74087],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[35,119348,119350],{"className":37,"code":119349,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119351,119352,119372,119376,119390,119394,119412],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119353,119354,119356,119358,119360,119362,119364,119366,119368,119370],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119355,3276],{"class":50},[44,119357,55],{"class":54},[44,119359,3281],{"class":80},[44,119361,1714],{"class":1675},[44,119363,2646],{"class":80},[44,119365,5162],{"class":1675},[44,119367,2646],{"class":80},[44,119369,2649],{"class":1675},[44,119371,3294],{"class":80},[44,119373,119374],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,119375,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,119377,119378,119380,119382,119384,119386,119388],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,119379,1880],{"class":50},[44,119381,55],{"class":54},[44,119383,74221],{"class":94},[44,119385,98],{"class":80},[44,119387,3308],{"class":84},[44,119389,104],{"class":80},[44,119391,119392],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,119393,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,119395,119396,119398,119400,119402,119404,119406,119408,119410],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,119397,95],{"class":94},[44,119399,98],{"class":80},[44,119401,362],{"class":58},[44,119403,11816],{"class":62},[44,119405,362],{"class":58},[44,119407,2646],{"class":80},[44,119409,3926],{"class":84},[44,119411,104],{"class":80},[44,119413,119414,119416,119418,119420,119423,119425,119427,119429],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,119415,95],{"class":94},[44,119417,98],{"class":80},[44,119419,362],{"class":58},[44,119421,119422],{"class":62},"sorted result:",[44,119424,362],{"class":58},[44,119426,2646],{"class":80},[44,119428,80880],{"class":84},[44,119430,104],{"class":80},[20,119432,119433],{},[830,119434,107],{},[35,119436,119438],{"className":37,"code":119437,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119439,119440,119460],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119441,119442,119444,119446,119448,119450,119452,119454,119456,119458],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119443,11795],{"class":50},[44,119445,2539],{"class":80},[44,119447,3281],{"class":80},[44,119449,1714],{"class":1675},[44,119451,2646],{"class":80},[44,119453,5162],{"class":1675},[44,119455,2646],{"class":80},[44,119457,2649],{"class":1675},[44,119459,3294],{"class":80},[44,119461,119462,119464,119466,119468,119470,119472,119474,119476,119478,119480],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,119463,74177],{"class":94},[44,119465,80880],{"class":50},[44,119467,2539],{"class":80},[44,119469,3281],{"class":80},[44,119471,2643],{"class":1675},[44,119473,2646],{"class":80},[44,119475,2649],{"class":1675},[44,119477,2646],{"class":80},[44,119479,2104],{"class":1675},[44,119481,3294],{"class":80},[20,119483,119484,119485,119487],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119486,3308],{}," stays the same.",[20,119489,119490,119491,81],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[243,119492,3234,119493,3167],{"href":74184},[15,119494,74087],{},[30,119496,126,119497,129],{"id":77596},[15,119498,77530],{},[20,119500,119501,119503],{},[15,119502,63974],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119505,48589],{},[139,119507,119508,119511,119514],{},[142,119509,119510],{},"changes the original list directly",[142,119512,119513],{},"only works on lists",[142,119515,3352,119516],{},[15,119517,3439],{},[267,119519,34741,119521,73625],{"id":119520},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119522,77530],{},[35,119524,119526],{"className":37,"code":119525,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119527,119528,119548,119552,119562,119566],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119529,119530,119532,119534,119536,119538,119540,119542,119544,119546],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119531,3276],{"class":50},[44,119533,55],{"class":54},[44,119535,3281],{"class":80},[44,119537,1714],{"class":1675},[44,119539,2646],{"class":80},[44,119541,5162],{"class":1675},[44,119543,2646],{"class":80},[44,119545,2649],{"class":1675},[44,119547,3294],{"class":80},[44,119549,119550],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,119551,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,119553,119554,119556,119558,119560],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,119555,3308],{"class":50},[44,119557,81],{"class":80},[44,119559,34462],{"class":84},[44,119561,88],{"class":80},[44,119563,119564],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,119565,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,119567,119568,119570,119572,119574],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,119569,95],{"class":94},[44,119571,98],{"class":80},[44,119573,3308],{"class":84},[44,119575,104],{"class":80},[20,119577,119578],{},[830,119579,107],{},[35,119581,119582],{"className":37,"code":54811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,119583,119584],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119585,119586,119588,119590,119592,119594,119596,119598],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119587,3561],{"class":80},[44,119589,2643],{"class":1675},[44,119591,2646],{"class":80},[44,119593,2649],{"class":1675},[44,119595,2646],{"class":80},[44,119597,2104],{"class":1675},[44,119599,3294],{"class":80},[20,119601,119602,119603,119606],{},"After calling ",[15,119604,119605],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119608,119609,119610,81],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[243,119611,3234,119612,1555],{"href":74438},[15,119613,77530],{},[30,119615,119617],{"id":119616},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119619,119620],{},"Here is the core difference:",[139,119622,119623,119632],{},[142,119624,119625,119628,119629],{},[15,119626,119627],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[830,119630,119631],{},"new sorted list",[142,119633,119634,119637,119638,73995],{},[15,119635,119636],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119639,8000],{},[267,119641,119643],{"id":119642},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[35,119645,119647],{"className":37,"code":119646,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119648,119649,119669,119673,119687,119706,119725,119729,119739],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119650,119651,119653,119655,119657,119659,119661,119663,119665,119667],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119652,3276],{"class":50},[44,119654,55],{"class":54},[44,119656,3281],{"class":80},[44,119658,1789],{"class":1675},[44,119660,2646],{"class":80},[44,119662,2649],{"class":1675},[44,119664,2646],{"class":80},[44,119666,2110],{"class":1675},[44,119668,3294],{"class":80},[44,119670,119671],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,119672,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,119674,119675,119677,119679,119681,119683,119685],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,119676,2208],{"class":50},[44,119678,55],{"class":54},[44,119680,74221],{"class":94},[44,119682,98],{"class":80},[44,119684,3308],{"class":84},[44,119686,104],{"class":80},[44,119688,119689,119691,119693,119695,119698,119700,119702,119704],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,119690,95],{"class":94},[44,119692,98],{"class":80},[44,119694,362],{"class":58},[44,119696,119697],{"class":62},"numbers after sorted():",[44,119699,362],{"class":58},[44,119701,2646],{"class":80},[44,119703,3926],{"class":84},[44,119705,104],{"class":80},[44,119707,119708,119710,119712,119714,119717,119719,119721,119723],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,119709,95],{"class":94},[44,119711,98],{"class":80},[44,119713,362],{"class":58},[44,119715,119716],{"class":62},"a:",[44,119718,362],{"class":58},[44,119720,2646],{"class":80},[44,119722,56549],{"class":84},[44,119724,104],{"class":80},[44,119726,119727],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,119728,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,119730,119731,119733,119735,119737],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,119732,3308],{"class":50},[44,119734,81],{"class":80},[44,119736,34462],{"class":84},[44,119738,88],{"class":80},[44,119740,119741,119743,119745,119747,119750,119752,119754,119756],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,119742,95],{"class":94},[44,119744,98],{"class":80},[44,119746,362],{"class":58},[44,119748,119749],{"class":62},"numbers after sort():",[44,119751,362],{"class":58},[44,119753,2646],{"class":80},[44,119755,3926],{"class":84},[44,119757,104],{"class":80},[20,119759,119760],{},[830,119761,107],{},[35,119763,119765],{"className":37,"code":119764,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,119766,119767,119790,119810],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119768,119769,119772,119774,119776,119778,119780,119782,119784,119786,119788],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119770,119771],{"class":50},"numbers after ",[44,119773,74177],{"class":94},[44,119775,29252],{"class":80},[44,119777,3281],{"class":80},[44,119779,1789],{"class":1675},[44,119781,2646],{"class":80},[44,119783,2649],{"class":1675},[44,119785,2646],{"class":80},[44,119787,2110],{"class":1675},[44,119789,3294],{"class":80},[44,119791,119792,119794,119796,119798,119800,119802,119804,119806,119808],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,119793,243],{"class":50},[44,119795,2539],{"class":80},[44,119797,3281],{"class":80},[44,119799,1708],{"class":1675},[44,119801,2646],{"class":80},[44,119803,2110],{"class":1675},[44,119805,2646],{"class":80},[44,119807,4270],{"class":1675},[44,119809,3294],{"class":80},[44,119811,119812,119814,119816,119818,119820,119822,119824,119826,119828,119830],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,119813,119771],{"class":50},[44,119815,34462],{"class":84},[44,119817,29252],{"class":80},[44,119819,3281],{"class":80},[44,119821,1708],{"class":1675},[44,119823,2646],{"class":80},[44,119825,2110],{"class":1675},[44,119827,2646],{"class":80},[44,119829,4270],{"class":1675},[44,119831,3294],{"class":80},[20,119833,10373],{},[139,119835,119836,119841],{},[142,119837,119838,119840],{},[15,119839,74087],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[142,119842,119843,119845],{},[15,119844,63974],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[30,119847,1133,119849],{"id":119848},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,119850,74087],{},[20,119852,119,119853,10261],{},[15,119854,74087],{},[139,119856,119857,119860,119862,119865],{},[142,119858,119859],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[142,119861,118629],{},[142,119863,119864],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[142,119866,119867],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[267,119869,119871],{"id":119870},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[35,119873,119875],{"className":37,"code":119874,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,119876,119877,119901,119905,119919,119923,119933],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119878,119879,119881,119883,119885,119887,119889,119891,119893,119895,119897,119899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119880,3276],{"class":50},[44,119882,55],{"class":54},[44,119884,8896],{"class":80},[44,119886,2158],{"class":1675},[44,119888,2646],{"class":80},[44,119890,5162],{"class":1675},[44,119892,2646],{"class":80},[44,119894,2104],{"class":1675},[44,119896,2646],{"class":80},[44,119898,2649],{"class":1675},[44,119900,104],{"class":80},[44,119902,119903],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,119904,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,119906,119907,119909,119911,119913,119915,119917],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,119908,1880],{"class":50},[44,119910,55],{"class":54},[44,119912,74221],{"class":94},[44,119914,98],{"class":80},[44,119916,3308],{"class":84},[44,119918,104],{"class":80},[44,119920,119921],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,119922,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,119924,119925,119927,119929,119931],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,119926,95],{"class":94},[44,119928,98],{"class":80},[44,119930,1915],{"class":84},[44,119932,104],{"class":80},[44,119934,119935,119937,119939,119941,119943,119945],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,119936,95],{"class":94},[44,119938,98],{"class":80},[44,119940,2880],{"class":1461},[44,119942,98],{"class":80},[44,119944,1915],{"class":84},[44,119946,370],{"class":80},[20,119948,119949],{},[830,119950,107],{},[35,119952,119954],{"className":37,"code":119953,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,119955,119956,119976],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119957,119958,119960,119962,119964,119966,119968,119970,119972,119974],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119959,3561],{"class":80},[44,119961,2643],{"class":1675},[44,119963,2646],{"class":80},[44,119965,2649],{"class":1675},[44,119967,2646],{"class":80},[44,119969,2104],{"class":1675},[44,119971,2646],{"class":80},[44,119973,2110],{"class":1675},[44,119975,3294],{"class":80},[44,119977,119978,119980,119982,119984,119986,119988],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,119979,2949],{"class":54},[44,119981,2952],{"class":1717},[44,119983,2955],{"class":58},[44,119985,7754],{"class":62},[44,119987,655],{"class":58},[44,119989,2962],{"class":54},[20,119991,1937,119992,119994,119995,81],{},[15,119993,74087],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[830,119996,7754],{},[20,119998,119999,120000,120002],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[243,120001,52433],{"href":50641}," is a helpful next step.",[30,120004,1133,120006],{"id":120005},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120007,77530],{},[20,120009,119,120010,10261],{},[15,120011,77530],{},[139,120013,120014,120017,120020,120023],{},[142,120015,120016],{},"you already have a list",[142,120018,120019],{},"you want to update that list directly",[142,120021,120022],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[142,120024,120025],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[267,120027,120029],{"id":120028},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[35,120031,120033],{"className":37,"code":120032,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120034,120035,120067,120071,120081,120085],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120036,120037,120039,120041,120043,120045,120047,120049,120051,120053,120055,120057,120059,120061,120063,120065],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120038,4657],{"class":50},[44,120040,55],{"class":54},[44,120042,3281],{"class":80},[44,120044,362],{"class":58},[44,120046,4684],{"class":62},[44,120048,362],{"class":58},[44,120050,2646],{"class":80},[44,120052,59],{"class":58},[44,120054,4666],{"class":62},[44,120056,362],{"class":58},[44,120058,2646],{"class":80},[44,120060,59],{"class":58},[44,120062,4675],{"class":62},[44,120064,362],{"class":58},[44,120066,3294],{"class":80},[44,120068,120069],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,120070,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,120072,120073,120075,120077,120079],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,120074,4701],{"class":50},[44,120076,81],{"class":80},[44,120078,34462],{"class":84},[44,120080,88],{"class":80},[44,120082,120083],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,120084,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,120086,120087,120089,120091,120093],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,120088,95],{"class":94},[44,120090,98],{"class":80},[44,120092,4701],{"class":84},[44,120094,104],{"class":80},[20,120096,120097],{},[830,120098,107],{},[35,120100,120102],{"className":37,"code":120101,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120103,120104],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120105,120106,120108,120110,120112,120114,120116,120118,120120,120122,120124,120126,120128,120130],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120107,3561],{"class":80},[44,120109,655],{"class":58},[44,120111,4666],{"class":62},[44,120113,655],{"class":58},[44,120115,2646],{"class":80},[44,120117,2955],{"class":58},[44,120119,4675],{"class":62},[44,120121,655],{"class":58},[44,120123,2646],{"class":80},[44,120125,2955],{"class":58},[44,120127,4684],{"class":62},[44,120129,655],{"class":58},[44,120131,3294],{"class":80},[20,120133,120134],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120136,120137,120138,81],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[243,120139,79536],{"href":78039},[30,120141,120143,4057,120145,120147],{"id":120142},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120144,73240],{},[15,120146,14504],{}," work with both",[20,120149,10250,120150,4057,120152,120154],{},[15,120151,74087],{},[15,120153,77530],{}," support:",[139,120156,120157,120162],{},[142,120158,120159,120161],{},[15,120160,77754],{}," for descending order",[142,120163,120164,120167],{},[15,120165,120166],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120169,120170],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[267,120172,120174],{"id":120173},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[35,120176,120178],{"className":37,"code":120177,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120179,120180,120200,120204,120226,120230,120248],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120181,120182,120184,120186,120188,120190,120192,120194,120196,120198],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120183,3276],{"class":50},[44,120185,55],{"class":54},[44,120187,3281],{"class":80},[44,120189,1714],{"class":1675},[44,120191,2646],{"class":80},[44,120193,5162],{"class":1675},[44,120195,2646],{"class":80},[44,120197,2649],{"class":1675},[44,120199,3294],{"class":80},[44,120201,120202],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,120203,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,120205,120206,120208,120210,120212,120214,120216,120218,120220,120222,120224],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,120207,95],{"class":94},[44,120209,98],{"class":80},[44,120211,74177],{"class":94},[44,120213,98],{"class":80},[44,120215,3308],{"class":84},[44,120217,2646],{"class":80},[44,120219,77733],{"class":8835},[44,120221,55],{"class":54},[44,120223,3263],{"class":3513},[44,120225,370],{"class":80},[44,120227,120228],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,120229,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,120231,120232,120234,120236,120238,120240,120242,120244,120246],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,120233,3308],{"class":50},[44,120235,81],{"class":80},[44,120237,34462],{"class":84},[44,120239,98],{"class":80},[44,120241,73240],{"class":8835},[44,120243,55],{"class":54},[44,120245,3263],{"class":3513},[44,120247,104],{"class":80},[44,120249,120250,120252,120254,120256],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,120251,95],{"class":94},[44,120253,98],{"class":80},[44,120255,3308],{"class":84},[44,120257,104],{"class":80},[20,120259,120260],{},[830,120261,107],{},[35,120263,120265],{"className":37,"code":120264,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120266,120267,120283],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120268,120269,120271,120273,120275,120277,120279,120281],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120270,3561],{"class":80},[44,120272,1714],{"class":1675},[44,120274,2646],{"class":80},[44,120276,2649],{"class":1675},[44,120278,2646],{"class":80},[44,120280,5162],{"class":1675},[44,120282,3294],{"class":80},[44,120284,120285,120287,120289,120291,120293,120295,120297],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,120286,3561],{"class":80},[44,120288,1714],{"class":1675},[44,120290,2646],{"class":80},[44,120292,2649],{"class":1675},[44,120294,2646],{"class":80},[44,120296,5162],{"class":1675},[44,120298,3294],{"class":80},[267,120300,120302],{"id":120301},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[35,120304,120306],{"className":37,"code":120305,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120307,120308,120340,120344,120370,120374,120396],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120309,120310,120312,120314,120316,120318,120320,120322,120324,120326,120328,120330,120332,120334,120336,120338],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120311,3732],{"class":50},[44,120313,55],{"class":54},[44,120315,3281],{"class":80},[44,120317,362],{"class":58},[44,120319,83026],{"class":62},[44,120321,362],{"class":58},[44,120323,2646],{"class":80},[44,120325,59],{"class":58},[44,120327,3741],{"class":62},[44,120329,362],{"class":58},[44,120331,2646],{"class":80},[44,120333,59],{"class":58},[44,120335,118494],{"class":62},[44,120337,362],{"class":58},[44,120339,3294],{"class":80},[44,120341,120342],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,120343,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,120345,120346,120348,120350,120352,120354,120356,120358,120360,120362,120364,120366,120368],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,120347,95],{"class":94},[44,120349,98],{"class":80},[44,120351,74177],{"class":94},[44,120353,98],{"class":80},[44,120355,3776],{"class":84},[44,120357,2646],{"class":80},[44,120359,21247],{"class":8835},[44,120361,55],{"class":54},[44,120363,1462],{"class":1461},[44,120365,81],{"class":80},[44,120367,8300],{"class":1467},[44,120369,370],{"class":80},[44,120371,120372],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,120373,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,120375,120376,120378,120380,120382,120384,120386,120388,120390,120392,120394],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,120377,3776],{"class":50},[44,120379,81],{"class":80},[44,120381,34462],{"class":84},[44,120383,98],{"class":80},[44,120385,14504],{"class":8835},[44,120387,55],{"class":54},[44,120389,1462],{"class":1461},[44,120391,81],{"class":80},[44,120393,8300],{"class":1467},[44,120395,104],{"class":80},[44,120397,120398,120400,120402,120404],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,120399,95],{"class":94},[44,120401,98],{"class":80},[44,120403,3776],{"class":84},[44,120405,104],{"class":80},[20,120407,120408],{},[830,120409,107],{},[35,120411,120413],{"className":37,"code":120412,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120414,120415,120443],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120416,120417,120419,120421,120423,120425,120427,120429,120431,120433,120435,120437,120439,120441],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120418,3561],{"class":80},[44,120420,655],{"class":58},[44,120422,3741],{"class":62},[44,120424,655],{"class":58},[44,120426,2646],{"class":80},[44,120428,2955],{"class":58},[44,120430,83026],{"class":62},[44,120432,655],{"class":58},[44,120434,2646],{"class":80},[44,120436,2955],{"class":58},[44,120438,118494],{"class":62},[44,120440,655],{"class":58},[44,120442,3294],{"class":80},[44,120444,120445,120447,120449,120451,120453,120455,120457,120459,120461,120463,120465,120467,120469],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,120446,3561],{"class":80},[44,120448,655],{"class":58},[44,120450,3741],{"class":62},[44,120452,655],{"class":58},[44,120454,2646],{"class":80},[44,120456,2955],{"class":58},[44,120458,83026],{"class":62},[44,120460,655],{"class":58},[44,120462,2646],{"class":80},[44,120464,2955],{"class":58},[44,120466,118494],{"class":62},[44,120468,655],{"class":58},[44,120470,3294],{"class":80},[20,120472,675,120473,120475],{},[15,120474,78248],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120477,120478,120479,81],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[243,120480,120482],{"href":120481},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[30,120484,120486],{"id":120485},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120488,120489],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[267,120491,120493,120494,12260],{"id":120492},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120495,77530],{},[20,120497,120498],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[35,120500,120502],{"className":37,"code":120501,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120503,120504,120524,120528,120542,120546,120556],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120505,120506,120508,120510,120512,120514,120516,120518,120520,120522],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120507,3276],{"class":50},[44,120509,55],{"class":54},[44,120511,3281],{"class":80},[44,120513,1714],{"class":1675},[44,120515,2646],{"class":80},[44,120517,5162],{"class":1675},[44,120519,2646],{"class":80},[44,120521,2649],{"class":1675},[44,120523,3294],{"class":80},[44,120525,120526],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,120527,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,120529,120530,120532,120534,120536,120538,120540],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,120531,1880],{"class":50},[44,120533,55],{"class":54},[44,120535,3926],{"class":50},[44,120537,81],{"class":80},[44,120539,34462],{"class":84},[44,120541,88],{"class":80},[44,120543,120544],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,120545,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,120547,120548,120550,120552,120554],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,120549,95],{"class":94},[44,120551,98],{"class":80},[44,120553,1915],{"class":84},[44,120555,104],{"class":80},[44,120557,120558,120560,120562,120564],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,120559,95],{"class":94},[44,120561,98],{"class":80},[44,120563,3308],{"class":84},[44,120565,104],{"class":80},[20,120567,120568],{},[830,120569,107],{},[35,120571,120572],{"className":37,"code":78871,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,120573,120574,120578],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120575,120576],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120577,11470],{"class":3513},[44,120579,120580,120582,120584,120586,120588,120590,120592],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,120581,3561],{"class":80},[44,120583,2643],{"class":1675},[44,120585,2646],{"class":80},[44,120587,2649],{"class":1675},[44,120589,2646],{"class":80},[44,120591,2104],{"class":1675},[44,120593,3294],{"class":80},[20,120595,11562],{},[139,120597,120598,120603,120608],{},[142,120599,120600,120602],{},[15,120601,119605],{}," sorts the list in place",[142,120604,34678,120605,120607],{},[830,120606,832],{}," return the sorted list",[142,120609,89646,120610,41819,120612],{},[15,120611,1915],{},[15,120613,3439],{},[267,120615,120617,120618,120620],{"id":120616},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120619,74087],{}," to change the original list",[35,120622,120624],{"className":37,"code":120623,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120625,120626,120646,120650,120660,120664],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120627,120628,120630,120632,120634,120636,120638,120640,120642,120644],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120629,3276],{"class":50},[44,120631,55],{"class":54},[44,120633,3281],{"class":80},[44,120635,1714],{"class":1675},[44,120637,2646],{"class":80},[44,120639,5162],{"class":1675},[44,120641,2646],{"class":80},[44,120643,2649],{"class":1675},[44,120645,3294],{"class":80},[44,120647,120648],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,120649,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,120651,120652,120654,120656,120658],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,120653,74177],{"class":94},[44,120655,98],{"class":80},[44,120657,3308],{"class":84},[44,120659,104],{"class":80},[44,120661,120662],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,120663,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,120665,120666,120668,120670,120672],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,120667,95],{"class":94},[44,120669,98],{"class":80},[44,120671,3308],{"class":84},[44,120673,104],{"class":80},[20,120675,120676],{},[830,120677,107],{},[35,120679,120680],{"className":37,"code":118826,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,120681,120682],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120683,120684,120686,120688,120690,120692,120694,120696],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120685,3561],{"class":80},[44,120687,1714],{"class":1675},[44,120689,2646],{"class":80},[44,120691,5162],{"class":1675},[44,120693,2646],{"class":80},[44,120695,2649],{"class":1675},[44,120697,3294],{"class":80},[20,120699,120700,120703],{},[15,120701,120702],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,120705,10467],{},[35,120707,120709],{"className":37,"code":120708,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,120710,120711,120731,120735,120749,120753],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120712,120713,120715,120717,120719,120721,120723,120725,120727,120729],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120714,3276],{"class":50},[44,120716,55],{"class":54},[44,120718,3281],{"class":80},[44,120720,1714],{"class":1675},[44,120722,2646],{"class":80},[44,120724,5162],{"class":1675},[44,120726,2646],{"class":80},[44,120728,2649],{"class":1675},[44,120730,3294],{"class":80},[44,120732,120733],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,120734,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,120736,120737,120739,120741,120743,120745,120747],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,120738,55303],{"class":50},[44,120740,55],{"class":54},[44,120742,74221],{"class":94},[44,120744,98],{"class":80},[44,120746,3308],{"class":84},[44,120748,104],{"class":80},[44,120750,120751],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,120752,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,120754,120755,120757,120759,120761],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,120756,95],{"class":94},[44,120758,98],{"class":80},[44,120760,55322],{"class":84},[44,120762,104],{"class":80},[267,120764,120766,120767,120769],{"id":120765},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,120768,63974],{}," on a tuple or string",[35,120771,120772],{"className":37,"code":78973,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,120773,120774,120786],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120775,120776,120778,120780,120782,120784],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120777,51],{"class":50},[44,120779,55],{"class":54},[44,120781,59],{"class":58},[44,120783,39],{"class":62},[44,120785,66],{"class":58},[44,120787,120788,120790,120792,120794],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,120789,194],{"class":50},[44,120791,81],{"class":80},[44,120793,34462],{"class":84},[44,120795,88],{"class":80},[20,120797,120798,120799,33267],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,120800,63974],{},[20,120802,120803,120805],{},[15,120804,63974],{}," only works on lists.",[20,120807,120808,120809,120811,120812,81],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,120810,74087],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[243,120813,4799],{"href":5251},[267,120815,120817,120818,118863],{"id":120816},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,120819,74087],{},[35,120821,120823],{"className":37,"code":120822,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120824,120825,120838,120852,120856,120866],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120826,120827,120829,120831,120833,120836],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120828,51],{"class":50},[44,120830,55],{"class":54},[44,120832,59],{"class":58},[44,120834,120835],{"class":62},"cab",[44,120837,66],{"class":58},[44,120839,120840,120842,120844,120846,120848,120850],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,120841,1880],{"class":50},[44,120843,55],{"class":54},[44,120845,74221],{"class":94},[44,120847,98],{"class":80},[44,120849,194],{"class":84},[44,120851,104],{"class":80},[44,120853,120854],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,120855,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,120857,120858,120860,120862,120864],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,120859,95],{"class":94},[44,120861,98],{"class":80},[44,120863,1915],{"class":84},[44,120865,104],{"class":80},[44,120867,120868,120870,120872,120874,120876,120878],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,120869,95],{"class":94},[44,120871,98],{"class":80},[44,120873,2880],{"class":1461},[44,120875,98],{"class":80},[44,120877,1915],{"class":84},[44,120879,370],{"class":80},[20,120881,120882],{},[830,120883,107],{},[35,120885,120887],{"className":37,"code":120886,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120888,120889,120917],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120890,120891,120893,120895,120897,120899,120901,120903,120905,120907,120909,120911,120913,120915],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120892,3561],{"class":80},[44,120894,655],{"class":58},[44,120896,243],{"class":62},[44,120898,655],{"class":58},[44,120900,2646],{"class":80},[44,120902,2955],{"class":58},[44,120904,842],{"class":62},[44,120906,655],{"class":58},[44,120908,2646],{"class":80},[44,120910,2955],{"class":58},[44,120912,846],{"class":62},[44,120914,655],{"class":58},[44,120916,3294],{"class":80},[44,120918,120919,120921,120923,120925,120927,120929],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,120920,2949],{"class":54},[44,120922,2952],{"class":1717},[44,120924,2955],{"class":58},[44,120926,7754],{"class":62},[44,120928,655],{"class":58},[44,120930,2962],{"class":54},[20,120932,120933],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[30,120935,113384],{"id":113383},[20,120937,120938],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[139,120940,120941,120944,120949,120954,120960],{},[142,120942,120943],{},"confusing a function with a method",[142,120945,120946,120947,53306],{},"not knowing that ",[15,120948,63974],{},[142,120950,120951,120952,12260],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,120953,77530],{},[142,120955,120956,120957,120959],{},"trying to use ",[15,120958,63974],{}," on non-list data types",[142,120961,50168,120962,120964],{},[15,120963,74087],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,120966,120967],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[35,120969,120971],{"className":37,"code":120970,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,120972,120973,120983,120997,121022,121037,121047],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120974,120975,120977,120979,120981],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120976,95],{"class":94},[44,120978,98],{"class":80},[44,120980,8000],{"class":84},[44,120982,104],{"class":80},[44,120984,120985,120987,120989,120991,120993,120995],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,120986,95],{"class":94},[44,120988,98],{"class":80},[44,120990,74177],{"class":94},[44,120992,98],{"class":80},[44,120994,8000],{"class":84},[44,120996,370],{"class":80},[44,120998,120999,121001,121003,121005,121007,121009,121011,121014,121016,121018,121020],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,121000,1880],{"class":50},[44,121002,55],{"class":54},[44,121004,8057],{"class":50},[44,121006,81],{"class":80},[44,121008,34462],{"class":84},[44,121010,535],{"class":80},[44,121012,121013],{"class":50},"; ",[44,121015,95],{"class":94},[44,121017,98],{"class":80},[44,121019,1915],{"class":84},[44,121021,104],{"class":80},[44,121023,121024,121026,121028,121030,121032,121035],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,121025,95],{"class":94},[44,121027,98],{"class":80},[44,121029,2880],{"class":1461},[44,121031,98],{"class":80},[44,121033,121034],{"class":84},"my_data",[44,121036,370],{"class":80},[44,121038,121039,121041,121043,121045],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,121040,1456],{"class":94},[44,121042,98],{"class":80},[44,121044,74177],{"class":94},[44,121046,104],{"class":80},[44,121048,121049,121051,121053,121055,121057,121059],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,121050,1456],{"class":94},[44,121052,98],{"class":80},[44,121054,7754],{"class":1461},[44,121056,81],{"class":80},[44,121058,34462],{"class":1467},[44,121060,104],{"class":80},[20,121062,84034],{},[139,121064,121065,121068,121072,121080],{},[142,121066,121067],{},"whether your original list changed",[142,121069,25687,121070,11367],{},[15,121071,74087],{},[142,121073,121074,121075,121077,121078],{},"whether ",[15,121076,63974],{}," returned ",[15,121079,3439],{},[142,121081,121082],{},"what type of object you are working with",[30,121084,121086],{"id":121085},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121088,121089],{},"Use this rule:",[139,121091,121092,121100],{},[142,121093,121094,121095,121097,121098],{},"Need a ",[830,121096,119188],{},": use ",[15,121099,74087],{},[142,121101,121102,121103,121097,121106],{},"Need to ",[830,121104,121105],{},"change one list directly",[15,121107,77530],{},[20,121109,121110,121111,121113],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121112,74087],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[30,121115,1478],{"id":1477},[267,121117,121119,121120,2532,121122,1520],{"id":121118},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121121,74087],{},[15,121123,77530],{},[20,121125,121126,121128],{},[15,121127,74087],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[267,121130,4820,121132,4823,121134,1520],{"id":121131},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121133,77530],{},[15,121135,3439],{},[20,121137,121138],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[267,121140,4832,121142,121144],{"id":121141},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121143,74087],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121146,121147],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[267,121149,27996,121151,121153],{"id":121150},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121152,63974],{}," on a string?",[20,121155,1488,121156,121158,121159,39596],{},[15,121157,63974],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121160,121161],{},"sorted(string)",[267,121163,11481,121165,4057,121167,121169],{"id":121164},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121166,74087],{},[15,121168,63974],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121171,121172,121173,81],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121174,77754],{},[30,121176,1545],{"id":1544},[139,121178,121179,121185,121191,121195,121199],{},[142,121180,121181],{},[243,121182,3234,121183,3167],{"href":74184},[15,121184,74087],{},[142,121186,121187],{},[243,121188,3234,121189,1555],{"href":74438},[15,121190,77530],{},[142,121192,121193],{},[243,121194,79536],{"href":78039},[142,121196,121197],{},[243,121198,120482],{"href":120481},[142,121200,121201],{},[243,121202,52433],{"href":50641},[1577,121204,121205],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":121207},[121208,121209,121210,121214,121218,121221,121225,121229,121234,121244,121245,121246,121258],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":119276,"depth":69,"text":119277},{"id":117379,"depth":69,"text":119101,"children":121211},[121212],{"id":119343,"depth":91,"text":121213},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77596,"depth":69,"text":79558,"children":121215},[121216],{"id":119520,"depth":91,"text":121217},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119616,"depth":69,"text":119617,"children":121219},[121220],{"id":119642,"depth":91,"text":119643},{"id":119848,"depth":69,"text":121222,"children":121223},"When to use sorted()",[121224],{"id":119870,"depth":91,"text":119871},{"id":120005,"depth":69,"text":121226,"children":121227},"When to use list.sort()",[121228],{"id":120028,"depth":91,"text":120029},{"id":120142,"depth":69,"text":121230,"children":121231},"reverse and key work with both",[121232,121233],{"id":120173,"depth":91,"text":120174},{"id":120301,"depth":91,"text":120302},{"id":120485,"depth":69,"text":120486,"children":121235},[121236,121238,121240,121242],{"id":120492,"depth":91,"text":121237},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120616,"depth":91,"text":121239},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120765,"depth":91,"text":121241},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120816,"depth":91,"text":121243},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113383,"depth":69,"text":113384},{"id":121085,"depth":69,"text":121086},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":121247},[121248,121250,121252,121254,121256],{"id":121118,"depth":91,"text":121249},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121131,"depth":91,"text":121251},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121141,"depth":91,"text":121253},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121150,"depth":91,"text":121255},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121164,"depth":91,"text":121257},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119147,"description":121259},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121265,"title":41840,"body":121266,"description":122997,"extension":1611,"meta":122998,"navigation":184,"path":122999,"seo":123000,"stem":123001,"__hash__":123002},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121267,"toc":122954},[121268,121273,121278,121284,121286,121341,121345,121368,121373,121378,121383,121385,121416,121419,121433,121435,121437,121452,121457,121461,121464,121515,121519,121533,121540,121544,121548,121603,121607,121630,121634,121690,121694,121717,121721,121776,121780,121803,121807,121874,121878,121913,121919,121924,121929,121931,121945,121947,122021,122025,122045,122050,122057,122060,122072,122074,122143,122147,122184,122187,122212,122219,122227,122230,122242,122248,122254,122256,122262,122267,122346,122350,122391,122395,122397,122424,122427,122450,122453,122459,122462,122499,122511,122518,122520,122571,122574,122606,122609,122611,122618,122620,122635,122637,122694,122698,122722,122724,122729,122745,122752,122756,122759,122842,122852,122854,122859,122862,122868,122871,122877,122880,122886,122889,122896,122904,122906,122951],[10,121269,3234,121271,3238],{"id":121270},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121272,47346],{},[20,121274,22,121275,121277],{},[15,121276,47346],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121279,121280,121281,121283],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121282,47346],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[30,121285,1653],{"id":1652},[35,121287,121289],{"className":37,"code":121288,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121290,121291,121299,121313,121317,121327],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121292,121293,121295,121297],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121294,21295],{"class":50},[44,121296,55],{"class":54},[44,121298,44888],{"class":1675},[44,121300,121301,121303,121305,121307,121309,121311],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,121302,51],{"class":50},[44,121304,55],{"class":54},[44,121306,48566],{"class":1461},[44,121308,98],{"class":80},[44,121310,8959],{"class":84},[44,121312,104],{"class":80},[44,121314,121315],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,121316,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,121318,121319,121321,121323,121325],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,121320,95],{"class":94},[44,121322,98],{"class":80},[44,121324,194],{"class":84},[44,121326,104],{"class":80},[44,121328,121329,121331,121333,121335,121337,121339],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,121330,95],{"class":94},[44,121332,98],{"class":80},[44,121334,2880],{"class":1461},[44,121336,98],{"class":80},[44,121338,194],{"class":84},[44,121340,370],{"class":80},[20,121342,121343],{},[830,121344,107],{},[35,121346,121348],{"className":37,"code":121347,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121349,121350,121354],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121351,121352],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121353,2363],{"class":1675},[44,121355,121356,121358,121360,121362,121364,121366],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,121357,2949],{"class":54},[44,121359,2952],{"class":1717},[44,121361,2955],{"class":58},[44,121363,1462],{"class":62},[44,121365,655],{"class":58},[44,121367,2962],{"class":54},[20,121369,119,121370,121372],{},[15,121371,47346],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[30,121374,126,121376,129],{"id":121375},"what-str-does",[15,121377,47346],{},[20,121379,121380,121382],{},[15,121381,47346],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121384,1759],{},[139,121386,121387,121394,121401,121408],{},[142,121388,121389,121390,41819,121392],{},"An integer like ",[15,121391,1982],{},[15,121393,41790],{},[142,121395,121396,121397,41819,121399],{},"A float like ",[15,121398,39810],{},[15,121400,47757],{},[142,121402,121403,121404,41819,121406],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121405,3263],{},[15,121407,6304],{},[142,121409,121410,121411,41819,121413],{},"A list like ",[15,121412,74909],{},[15,121414,121415],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121417,121418],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[139,121420,121421,121424,121427,121430],{},[142,121422,121423],{},"print it",[142,121425,121426],{},"combine it with other strings",[142,121428,121429],{},"save it to a file",[142,121431,121432],{},"use it in messages",[30,121434,250],{"id":249},[20,121436,6880],{},[35,121438,121440],{"className":37,"code":121439,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"str(object)\n",[15,121441,121442],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121443,121444,121446,121448,121450],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121445,1462],{"class":1461},[44,121447,98],{"class":80},[44,121449,42063],{"class":1461},[44,121451,104],{"class":80},[20,121453,20438,121454,121456],{},[15,121455,42063],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121458,121459,7886],{},[15,121460,47346],{},[20,121462,121463],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[35,121465,121467],{"className":37,"code":121466,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121468,121469,121478,121501,121505],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121470,121471,121473,121475],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121472,4758],{"class":50},[44,121474,55],{"class":54},[44,121476,121477],{"class":1675}," 100\n",[44,121479,121480,121482,121484,121486,121489,121491,121493,121495,121497,121499],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,121481,89666],{"class":50},[44,121483,55],{"class":54},[44,121485,59],{"class":58},[44,121487,121488],{"class":62},"Your score is ",[44,121490,362],{"class":58},[44,121492,2107],{"class":54},[44,121494,48566],{"class":1461},[44,121496,98],{"class":80},[44,121498,85181],{"class":84},[44,121500,104],{"class":80},[44,121502,121503],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,121504,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,121506,121507,121509,121511,121513],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,121508,95],{"class":94},[44,121510,98],{"class":80},[44,121512,89683],{"class":84},[44,121514,104],{"class":80},[20,121516,121517],{},[830,121518,107],{},[35,121520,121522],{"className":37,"code":121521,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121523,121524],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121525,121526,121529,121531],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121527,121528],{"class":50},"Your score ",[44,121530,11856],{"class":54},[44,121532,121477],{"class":1675},[20,121534,1947,121535,121539],{},[243,121536,121537,1954],{"href":1950},[15,121538,1953],{}," can help you check.",[30,121541,121543],{"id":121542},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[267,121545,121547],{"id":121546},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[35,121549,121551],{"className":37,"code":121550,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121552,121553,121561,121575,121579,121589],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121554,121555,121557,121559],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121556,1867],{"class":50},[44,121558,55],{"class":54},[44,121560,2241],{"class":1675},[44,121562,121563,121565,121567,121569,121571,121573],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,121564,51],{"class":50},[44,121566,55],{"class":54},[44,121568,48566],{"class":1461},[44,121570,98],{"class":80},[44,121572,1890],{"class":84},[44,121574,104],{"class":80},[44,121576,121577],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,121578,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,121580,121581,121583,121585,121587],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,121582,95],{"class":94},[44,121584,98],{"class":80},[44,121586,194],{"class":84},[44,121588,104],{"class":80},[44,121590,121591,121593,121595,121597,121599,121601],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,121592,95],{"class":94},[44,121594,98],{"class":80},[44,121596,2880],{"class":1461},[44,121598,98],{"class":80},[44,121600,194],{"class":84},[44,121602,370],{"class":80},[20,121604,121605],{},[830,121606,107],{},[35,121608,121610],{"className":37,"code":121609,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121611,121612,121616],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121613,121614],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121615,2028],{"class":1675},[44,121617,121618,121620,121622,121624,121626,121628],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,121619,2949],{"class":54},[44,121621,2952],{"class":1717},[44,121623,2955],{"class":58},[44,121625,1462],{"class":62},[44,121627,655],{"class":58},[44,121629,2962],{"class":54},[267,121631,121633],{"id":121632},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[35,121635,121637],{"className":37,"code":121636,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121638,121639,121648,121662,121666,121676],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121640,121641,121643,121645],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121642,40054],{"class":50},[44,121644,55],{"class":54},[44,121646,121647],{"class":1675}," 3.14\n",[44,121649,121650,121652,121654,121656,121658,121660],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,121651,51],{"class":50},[44,121653,55],{"class":54},[44,121655,48566],{"class":1461},[44,121657,98],{"class":80},[44,121659,24817],{"class":84},[44,121661,104],{"class":80},[44,121663,121664],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,121665,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,121667,121668,121670,121672,121674],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,121669,95],{"class":94},[44,121671,98],{"class":80},[44,121673,194],{"class":84},[44,121675,104],{"class":80},[44,121677,121678,121680,121682,121684,121686,121688],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,121679,95],{"class":94},[44,121681,98],{"class":80},[44,121683,2880],{"class":1461},[44,121685,98],{"class":80},[44,121687,194],{"class":84},[44,121689,370],{"class":80},[20,121691,121692],{},[830,121693,107],{},[35,121695,121697],{"className":37,"code":121696,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121698,121699,121703],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121700,121701],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121702,39844],{"class":1675},[44,121704,121705,121707,121709,121711,121713,121715],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,121706,2949],{"class":54},[44,121708,2952],{"class":1717},[44,121710,2955],{"class":58},[44,121712,1462],{"class":62},[44,121714,655],{"class":58},[44,121716,2962],{"class":54},[267,121718,121720],{"id":121719},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[35,121722,121724],{"className":37,"code":121723,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121725,121726,121734,121748,121752,121762],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121727,121728,121730,121732],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121729,2099],{"class":50},[44,121731,55],{"class":54},[44,121733,6086],{"class":3513},[44,121735,121736,121738,121740,121742,121744,121746],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,121737,51],{"class":50},[44,121739,55],{"class":54},[44,121741,48566],{"class":1461},[44,121743,98],{"class":80},[44,121745,2126],{"class":84},[44,121747,104],{"class":80},[44,121749,121750],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,121751,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,121753,121754,121756,121758,121760],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,121755,95],{"class":94},[44,121757,98],{"class":80},[44,121759,194],{"class":84},[44,121761,104],{"class":80},[44,121763,121764,121766,121768,121770,121772,121774],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,121765,95],{"class":94},[44,121767,98],{"class":80},[44,121769,2880],{"class":1461},[44,121771,98],{"class":80},[44,121773,194],{"class":84},[44,121775,370],{"class":80},[20,121777,121778],{},[830,121779,107],{},[35,121781,121783],{"className":37,"code":121782,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121784,121785,121789],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121786,121787],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121788,3641],{"class":3513},[44,121790,121791,121793,121795,121797,121799,121801],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,121792,2949],{"class":54},[44,121794,2952],{"class":1717},[44,121796,2955],{"class":58},[44,121798,1462],{"class":62},[44,121800,655],{"class":58},[44,121802,2962],{"class":54},[267,121804,121806],{"id":121805},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[35,121808,121810],{"className":37,"code":121809,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121811,121812,121832,121846,121850,121860],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121813,121814,121816,121818,121820,121822,121824,121826,121828,121830],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121815,7441],{"class":50},[44,121817,55],{"class":54},[44,121819,3281],{"class":80},[44,121821,2643],{"class":1675},[44,121823,2646],{"class":80},[44,121825,2649],{"class":1675},[44,121827,2646],{"class":80},[44,121829,2104],{"class":1675},[44,121831,3294],{"class":80},[44,121833,121834,121836,121838,121840,121842,121844],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,121835,51],{"class":50},[44,121837,55],{"class":54},[44,121839,48566],{"class":1461},[44,121841,98],{"class":80},[44,121843,7472],{"class":84},[44,121845,104],{"class":80},[44,121847,121848],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,121849,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,121851,121852,121854,121856,121858],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,121853,95],{"class":94},[44,121855,98],{"class":80},[44,121857,194],{"class":84},[44,121859,104],{"class":80},[44,121861,121862,121864,121866,121868,121870,121872],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,121863,95],{"class":94},[44,121865,98],{"class":80},[44,121867,2880],{"class":1461},[44,121869,98],{"class":80},[44,121871,194],{"class":84},[44,121873,370],{"class":80},[20,121875,121876],{},[830,121877,107],{},[35,121879,121881],{"className":37,"code":121880,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121882,121883,121899],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121884,121885,121887,121889,121891,121893,121895,121897],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121886,3561],{"class":80},[44,121888,2643],{"class":1675},[44,121890,2646],{"class":80},[44,121892,2649],{"class":1675},[44,121894,2646],{"class":80},[44,121896,2104],{"class":1675},[44,121898,3294],{"class":80},[44,121900,121901,121903,121905,121907,121909,121911],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,121902,2949],{"class":54},[44,121904,2952],{"class":1717},[44,121906,2955],{"class":58},[44,121908,1462],{"class":62},[44,121910,655],{"class":58},[44,121912,2962],{"class":54},[20,121914,121915,121916,121918],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[830,121917,832],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[30,121920,1133,121922],{"id":121921},"when-to-use-str",[15,121923,47346],{},[20,121925,119,121926,121928],{},[15,121927,47346],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,121930,1143],{},[139,121932,121933,121936,121939,121942],{},[142,121934,121935],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[142,121937,121938],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[142,121940,121941],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[142,121943,121944],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,121946,161],{},[35,121948,121950],{"className":37,"code":121949,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,121951,121952,121964,121972,121976,122011],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121953,121954,121956,121958,121960,121962],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121955,284],{"class":50},[44,121957,55],{"class":54},[44,121959,59],{"class":58},[44,121961,11170],{"class":62},[44,121963,66],{"class":58},[44,121965,121966,121968,121970],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,121967,21295],{"class":50},[44,121969,55],{"class":54},[44,121971,44888],{"class":1675},[44,121973,121974],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,121975,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,121977,121978,121980,121982,121984,121986,121988,121990,121992,121994,121996,121998,122000,122002,122004,122006,122009],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,121979,89666],{"class":50},[44,121981,55],{"class":54},[44,121983,35633],{"class":50},[44,121985,1711],{"class":54},[44,121987,59],{"class":58},[44,121989,1118],{"class":62},[44,121991,362],{"class":58},[44,121993,2107],{"class":54},[44,121995,48566],{"class":1461},[44,121997,98],{"class":80},[44,121999,8959],{"class":84},[44,122001,3321],{"class":80},[44,122003,2107],{"class":54},[44,122005,59],{"class":58},[44,122007,122008],{"class":62}," years old.",[44,122010,66],{"class":58},[44,122012,122013,122015,122017,122019],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,122014,95],{"class":94},[44,122016,98],{"class":80},[44,122018,89683],{"class":84},[44,122020,104],{"class":80},[20,122022,122023],{},[830,122024,107],{},[35,122026,122028],{"className":37,"code":122027,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122029,122030],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122031,122032,122035,122037,122039,122042],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122033,122034],{"class":50},"Maya ",[44,122036,11856],{"class":54},[44,122038,8966],{"class":1675},[44,122040,122041],{"class":50}," years old",[44,122043,122044],{"class":80},".\n",[20,122046,122047,122048,81],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[243,122049,89352],{"href":89351},[30,122051,122053,866,122055],{"id":122052},"str-vs-print",[15,122054,47346],{},[15,122056,46114],{},[20,122058,122059],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[139,122061,122062,122067],{},[142,122063,122064,122066],{},[15,122065,47346],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[142,122068,122069,122071],{},[15,122070,46114],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122073,161],{},[35,122075,122077],{"className":37,"code":122076,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122078,122079,122087,122091,122105,122115,122129],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122080,122081,122083,122085],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122082,2099],{"class":50},[44,122084,55],{"class":54},[44,122086,2423],{"class":1675},[44,122088,122089],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,122090,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,122092,122093,122095,122097,122099,122101,122103],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,122094,51],{"class":50},[44,122096,55],{"class":54},[44,122098,48566],{"class":1461},[44,122100,98],{"class":80},[44,122102,2126],{"class":84},[44,122104,104],{"class":80},[44,122106,122107,122109,122111,122113],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,122108,95],{"class":94},[44,122110,98],{"class":80},[44,122112,194],{"class":84},[44,122114,104],{"class":80},[44,122116,122117,122119,122121,122123,122125,122127],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,122118,95],{"class":94},[44,122120,98],{"class":80},[44,122122,2880],{"class":1461},[44,122124,98],{"class":80},[44,122126,194],{"class":84},[44,122128,370],{"class":80},[44,122130,122131,122133,122135,122137,122139,122141],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,122132,95],{"class":94},[44,122134,98],{"class":80},[44,122136,2880],{"class":1461},[44,122138,98],{"class":80},[44,122140,2126],{"class":84},[44,122142,370],{"class":80},[20,122144,122145],{},[830,122146,107],{},[35,122148,122150],{"className":37,"code":122149,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122151,122152,122156,122170],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122153,122154],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122155,46274],{"class":1675},[44,122157,122158,122160,122162,122164,122166,122168],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,122159,2949],{"class":54},[44,122161,2952],{"class":1717},[44,122163,2955],{"class":58},[44,122165,1462],{"class":62},[44,122167,655],{"class":58},[44,122169,2962],{"class":54},[44,122171,122172,122174,122176,122178,122180,122182],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,122173,2949],{"class":54},[44,122175,2952],{"class":1717},[44,122177,2955],{"class":58},[44,122179,1840],{"class":62},[44,122181,655],{"class":58},[44,122183,2962],{"class":54},[20,122185,122186],{},"Notice:",[139,122188,122189,122195,122200],{},[142,122190,122191,122194],{},[15,122192,122193],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[142,122196,122197,122199],{},[15,122198,46114],{}," only displayed values",[142,122201,122202,122204,122205,122207,122208,60964,122210],{},[15,122203,46114],{}," did not change ",[15,122206,2126],{}," from ",[15,122209,1840],{},[15,122211,1462],{},[20,122213,122214,122215,81],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[243,122216,122217,1954],{"href":46111},[15,122218,46114],{},[30,122220,122222,866,122224,122226],{"id":122221},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122223,47346],{},[15,122225,678],{}," for beginners",[20,122228,122229],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[139,122231,122232,122237],{},[142,122233,122234,122236],{},[15,122235,47346],{}," is the more readable text version",[142,122238,122239,122241],{},[15,122240,678],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122243,122244,122245,122247],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122246,47346],{}," much more often.",[20,122249,122250,122251,122253],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122252,47346],{}," is usually the right choice.",[30,122255,4183],{"id":4182},[267,122257,25442,122259,122261],{"id":122258},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122260,47346],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122263,122264,122266],{},[15,122265,47346],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[35,122268,122270],{"className":37,"code":122269,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122271,122272,122280,122294,122298,122308,122322,122332],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122273,122274,122276,122278],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122275,21295],{"class":50},[44,122277,55],{"class":54},[44,122279,44888],{"class":1675},[44,122281,122282,122284,122286,122288,122290,122292],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,122283,51],{"class":50},[44,122285,55],{"class":54},[44,122287,48566],{"class":1461},[44,122289,98],{"class":80},[44,122291,8959],{"class":84},[44,122293,104],{"class":80},[44,122295,122296],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,122297,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,122299,122300,122302,122304,122306],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,122301,95],{"class":94},[44,122303,98],{"class":80},[44,122305,8959],{"class":84},[44,122307,104],{"class":80},[44,122309,122310,122312,122314,122316,122318,122320],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,122311,95],{"class":94},[44,122313,98],{"class":80},[44,122315,2880],{"class":1461},[44,122317,98],{"class":80},[44,122319,8959],{"class":84},[44,122321,370],{"class":80},[44,122323,122324,122326,122328,122330],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,122325,95],{"class":94},[44,122327,98],{"class":80},[44,122329,194],{"class":84},[44,122331,104],{"class":80},[44,122333,122334,122336,122338,122340,122342,122344],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,122335,95],{"class":94},[44,122337,98],{"class":80},[44,122339,2880],{"class":1461},[44,122341,98],{"class":80},[44,122343,194],{"class":84},[44,122345,370],{"class":80},[20,122347,122348],{},[830,122349,107],{},[35,122351,122353],{"className":37,"code":122352,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122354,122355,122359,122373,122377],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122356,122357],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122358,2363],{"class":1675},[44,122360,122361,122363,122365,122367,122369,122371],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,122362,2949],{"class":54},[44,122364,2952],{"class":1717},[44,122366,2955],{"class":58},[44,122368,1840],{"class":62},[44,122370,655],{"class":58},[44,122372,2962],{"class":54},[44,122374,122375],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,122376,2363],{"class":1675},[44,122378,122379,122381,122383,122385,122387,122389],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,122380,2949],{"class":54},[44,122382,2952],{"class":1717},[44,122384,2955],{"class":58},[44,122386,1462],{"class":62},[44,122388,655],{"class":58},[44,122390,2962],{"class":54},[267,122392,122394],{"id":122393},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122396,6351],{},[35,122398,122400],{"className":37,"code":122399,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122401,122402,122410],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122403,122404,122406,122408],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122405,21295],{"class":50},[44,122407,55],{"class":54},[44,122409,44888],{"class":1675},[44,122411,122412,122414,122416,122418,122420,122422],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,122413,51],{"class":50},[44,122415,55],{"class":54},[44,122417,48566],{"class":1461},[44,122419,98],{"class":80},[44,122421,8959],{"class":84},[44,122423,104],{"class":80},[20,122425,122426],{},"But if you only do this:",[35,122428,122430],{"className":37,"code":122429,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122431,122432,122440],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122433,122434,122436,122438],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122435,21295],{"class":50},[44,122437,55],{"class":54},[44,122439,44888],{"class":1675},[44,122441,122442,122444,122446,122448],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,122443,1462],{"class":1461},[44,122445,98],{"class":80},[44,122447,8959],{"class":84},[44,122449,104],{"class":80},[20,122451,122452],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[267,122454,675,122456,122458],{"id":122455},"using-str-too-early",[15,122457,47346],{}," too early",[20,122460,122461],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[35,122463,122465],{"className":37,"code":122464,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122466,122467,122475,122490,122494],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122468,122469,122471,122473],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122470,40054],{"class":50},[44,122472,55],{"class":54},[44,122474,2241],{"class":1675},[44,122476,122477,122480,122482,122484,122486,122488],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,122478,122479],{"class":50},"text_price ",[44,122481,55],{"class":54},[44,122483,48566],{"class":1461},[44,122485,98],{"class":80},[44,122487,24817],{"class":84},[44,122489,104],{"class":80},[44,122491,122492],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,122493,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,122495,122496],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,122497,122498],{"class":3324},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122500,122501,122502,2532,122506,122510],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[243,122503,122504],{"href":2528},[15,122505,2531],{},[243,122507,122508],{"href":2535},[15,122509,2538],{},", depending on the situation.",[267,122512,1246,122514,122517],{"id":122513},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122515,122516],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122519,64306],{},[35,122521,122523],{"className":37,"code":122522,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122524,122525,122557],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122526,122527,122529,122531,122533,122535,122537,122539,122541,122543,122545,122547,122549,122551,122553,122555],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122528,7441],{"class":50},[44,122530,55],{"class":54},[44,122532,3281],{"class":80},[44,122534,362],{"class":58},[44,122536,3741],{"class":62},[44,122538,362],{"class":58},[44,122540,2646],{"class":80},[44,122542,59],{"class":58},[44,122544,3750],{"class":62},[44,122546,362],{"class":58},[44,122548,2646],{"class":80},[44,122550,59],{"class":58},[44,122552,32887],{"class":62},[44,122554,362],{"class":58},[44,122556,3294],{"class":80},[44,122558,122559,122561,122563,122565,122567,122569],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,122560,95],{"class":94},[44,122562,98],{"class":80},[44,122564,1462],{"class":1461},[44,122566,98],{"class":80},[44,122568,7472],{"class":84},[44,122570,370],{"class":80},[20,122572,122573],{},"prints:",[35,122575,122576],{"className":37,"code":72499,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,122577,122578],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122579,122580,122582,122584,122586,122588,122590,122592,122594,122596,122598,122600,122602,122604],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122581,3561],{"class":80},[44,122583,655],{"class":58},[44,122585,3741],{"class":62},[44,122587,655],{"class":58},[44,122589,2646],{"class":80},[44,122591,2955],{"class":58},[44,122593,3750],{"class":62},[44,122595,655],{"class":58},[44,122597,2646],{"class":80},[44,122599,2955],{"class":58},[44,122601,32887],{"class":62},[44,122603,655],{"class":58},[44,122605,3294],{"class":80},[20,122607,122608],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[30,122610,17084],{"id":17083},[20,122612,122613,21642,122615,81],{},[15,122614,47346],{},[830,122616,122617],{},"new string",[20,122619,11119],{},[139,122621,122622,122625,122628],{},[142,122623,122624],{},"It always returns a string",[142,122626,122627],{},"It does not modify the original object",[142,122629,7424,122630,122634],{},[243,122631,122632],{"href":1950},[15,122633,1953],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122636,161],{},[35,122638,122640],{"className":37,"code":122639,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122641,122642,122650,122665,122669,122680],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122643,122644,122646,122648],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122645,2099],{"class":50},[44,122647,55],{"class":54},[44,122649,13793],{"class":1675},[44,122651,122652,122655,122657,122659,122661,122663],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,122653,122654],{"class":50},"converted ",[44,122656,55],{"class":54},[44,122658,48566],{"class":1461},[44,122660,98],{"class":80},[44,122662,2126],{"class":84},[44,122664,104],{"class":80},[44,122666,122667],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,122668,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,122670,122671,122673,122675,122678],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,122672,95],{"class":94},[44,122674,98],{"class":80},[44,122676,122677],{"class":84},"converted",[44,122679,104],{"class":80},[44,122681,122682,122684,122686,122688,122690,122692],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,122683,95],{"class":94},[44,122685,98],{"class":80},[44,122687,2880],{"class":1461},[44,122689,98],{"class":80},[44,122691,122677],{"class":84},[44,122693,370],{"class":80},[20,122695,122696],{},[830,122697,107],{},[35,122699,122701],{"className":37,"code":122700,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122702,122703,122708],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122704,122705],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122706,122707],{"class":1675},"99\n",[44,122709,122710,122712,122714,122716,122718,122720],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,122711,2949],{"class":54},[44,122713,2952],{"class":1717},[44,122715,2955],{"class":58},[44,122717,1462],{"class":62},[44,122719,655],{"class":58},[44,122721,2962],{"class":54},[30,122723,113384],{"id":113383},[20,122725,122726,122727,74478],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,122728,47346],{},[139,122730,122731,122734,122737,122742],{},[142,122732,122733],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[142,122735,122736],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[142,122738,675,122739,122741],{},[15,122740,47346],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[142,122743,122744],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,122746,122747,122748,81],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[243,122749,25347,122750],{"href":90064},[15,122751,90065],{},[30,122753,122755],{"id":122754},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,122757,122758],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[35,122760,122762],{"className":37,"code":122761,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122763,122764,122772,122776,122786,122800,122804,122818,122828],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122765,122766,122768,122770],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122767,2099],{"class":50},[44,122769,55],{"class":54},[44,122771,44888],{"class":1675},[44,122773,122774],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,122775,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,122777,122778,122780,122782,122784],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,122779,95],{"class":94},[44,122781,98],{"class":80},[44,122783,2126],{"class":84},[44,122785,104],{"class":80},[44,122787,122788,122790,122792,122794,122796,122798],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,122789,95],{"class":94},[44,122791,98],{"class":80},[44,122793,2880],{"class":1461},[44,122795,98],{"class":80},[44,122797,2126],{"class":84},[44,122799,370],{"class":80},[44,122801,122802],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,122803,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,122805,122806,122808,122810,122812,122814,122816],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,122807,122654],{"class":50},[44,122809,55],{"class":54},[44,122811,48566],{"class":1461},[44,122813,98],{"class":80},[44,122815,2126],{"class":84},[44,122817,104],{"class":80},[44,122819,122820,122822,122824,122826],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,122821,95],{"class":94},[44,122823,98],{"class":80},[44,122825,122677],{"class":84},[44,122827,104],{"class":80},[44,122829,122830,122832,122834,122836,122838,122840],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,122831,95],{"class":94},[44,122833,98],{"class":80},[44,122835,2880],{"class":1461},[44,122837,98],{"class":80},[44,122839,122677],{"class":84},[44,122841,370],{"class":80},[20,122843,122844,122845,839,122847,122849,122850,81],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,122846,1840],{},[15,122848,1843],{},", or another type into ",[15,122851,1462],{},[30,122853,1478],{"id":1477},[267,122855,1504,122857,4807],{"id":122856},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,122858,47346],{},[20,122860,122861],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[267,122863,1482,122865,122867],{"id":122864},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,122866,47346],{}," change the original variable?",[20,122869,122870],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[267,122872,4832,122874,122876],{"id":122873},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,122875,47346],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,122878,122879],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[267,122881,94250,122883,122885],{"id":122882},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,122884,47346],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,122887,122888],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[267,122890,14566,122892,56867,122894,1520],{"id":122891},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,122893,47346],{},[15,122895,46114],{},[20,122897,1488,122898,122900,122901,122903],{},[15,122899,47346],{}," converts to text. ",[15,122902,46114],{}," shows output.",[30,122905,1545],{"id":1544},[139,122907,122908,122914,122920,122926,122932,122941,122945],{},[142,122909,122910],{},[243,122911,122912,3167],{"href":46111},[15,122913,46114],{},[142,122915,122916],{},[243,122917,122918,3167],{"href":1950},[15,122919,1953],{},[142,122921,122922],{},[243,122923,122924,3167],{"href":2528},[15,122925,2531],{},[142,122927,122928],{},[243,122929,122930,3167],{"href":2535},[15,122931,2538],{},[142,122933,122934],{},[243,122935,122937,122938,122940],{"href":122936},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,122939,1840],{}," to string in Python",[142,122942,122943],{},[243,122944,90342],{"href":89351},[142,122946,122947],{},[243,122948,30015,122949],{"href":90064},[15,122950,90065],{},[1577,122952,122953],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":122955},[122956,122957,122959,122960,122966,122968,122970,122972,122981,122982,122983,122984,122996],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":121375,"depth":69,"text":122958},"What str() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":121542,"depth":69,"text":121543,"children":122961},[122962,122963,122964,122965],{"id":121546,"depth":91,"text":121547},{"id":121632,"depth":91,"text":121633},{"id":121719,"depth":91,"text":121720},{"id":121805,"depth":91,"text":121806},{"id":121921,"depth":69,"text":122967},"When to use str()",{"id":122052,"depth":69,"text":122969},"str() vs print()",{"id":122221,"depth":69,"text":122971},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4182,"depth":69,"text":4183,"children":122973},[122974,122976,122977,122979],{"id":122258,"depth":91,"text":122975},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122393,"depth":91,"text":122394},{"id":122455,"depth":91,"text":122978},"Using str() too early",{"id":122513,"depth":91,"text":122980},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17083,"depth":69,"text":17084},{"id":113383,"depth":69,"text":113384},{"id":122754,"depth":69,"text":122755},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":122985},[122986,122988,122990,122992,122994],{"id":122856,"depth":91,"text":122987},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":122864,"depth":91,"text":122989},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":122873,"depth":91,"text":122991},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":122882,"depth":91,"text":122993},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":122891,"depth":91,"text":122995},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":41840,"description":122997},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123004,"title":123005,"body":123006,"description":124454,"extension":1611,"meta":124455,"navigation":184,"path":124456,"seo":124457,"stem":124458,"__hash__":124459},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123007,"toc":124416},[123008,123013,123019,123022,123044,123046,123108,123110,123123,123129,123134,123139,123141,123154,123165,123167,123194,123196,123213,123220,123231,123233,123238,123240,123252,123260,123269,123271,123274,123327,123329,123337,123345,123349,123354,123394,123396,123404,123407,123409,123449,123451,123459,123469,123475,123478,123551,123553,123566,123570,123575,123603,123606,123641,123643,123651,123654,123658,123662,123664,123680,123682,123722,123724,123732,123739,123782,123784,123792,123794,123798,123804,123807,123847,123849,123857,123862,123865,123908,123912,123915,123950,123955,123957,123996,124006,124014,124024,124032,124036,124041,124043,124084,124086,124094,124099,124102,124105,124123,124129,124133,124138,124141,124180,124182,124187,124286,124289,124305,124307,124326,124328,124334,124337,124343,124346,124352,124356,124362,124365,124371,124374,124376,124413],[10,123009,13,123011,18],{"id":123010},"python-string-count-method",[15,123012,56952],{},[20,123014,123015,123016,123018],{},"The Python string ",[15,123017,56952],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123020,123021],{},"This reference page explains:",[139,123023,123024,123028,123031,123033,123041],{},[142,123025,25687,123026,129],{},[15,123027,56952],{},[142,123029,123030],{},"its syntax",[142,123032,35058],{},[142,123034,123035,123036,4057,123038,123040],{},"how ",[15,123037,35737],{},[15,123039,52322],{}," work",[142,123042,123043],{},"common beginner mistakes",[30,123045,1653],{"id":1652},[35,123047,123049],{"className":37,"code":123048,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123050,123051,123063,123085],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123052,123053,123055,123057,123059,123061],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123054,51],{"class":50},[44,123056,55],{"class":54},[44,123058,59],{"class":58},[44,123060,3750],{"class":62},[44,123062,66],{"class":58},[44,123064,123065,123067,123069,123071,123073,123075,123077,123079,123081,123083],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,123066,95],{"class":94},[44,123068,98],{"class":80},[44,123070,194],{"class":84},[44,123072,81],{"class":80},[44,123074,40927],{"class":84},[44,123076,98],{"class":80},[44,123078,362],{"class":58},[44,123080,243],{"class":62},[44,123082,362],{"class":58},[44,123084,370],{"class":80},[44,123086,123087,123089,123091,123093,123095,123097,123099,123101,123104,123106],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,123088,95],{"class":94},[44,123090,98],{"class":80},[44,123092,194],{"class":84},[44,123094,81],{"class":80},[44,123096,40927],{"class":84},[44,123098,98],{"class":80},[44,123100,362],{"class":58},[44,123102,123103],{"class":62},"na",[44,123105,362],{"class":58},[44,123107,370],{"class":80},[20,123109,107],{},[35,123111,123113],{"className":37,"code":123112,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n2\n",[15,123114,123115,123119],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123116,123117],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123118,46279],{"class":1675},[44,123120,123121],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,123122,16721],{"class":1675},[20,123124,119,123125,123128],{},[15,123126,123127],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[30,123130,12659,123132,12662],{"id":123131},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123133,56952],{},[20,123135,123136,123138],{},[15,123137,56952],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123140,137],{},[139,123142,123143,123146,123149,123151],{},[142,123144,123145],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[142,123147,123148],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[142,123150,43320],{},[142,123152,123153],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123155,123156,123157,123159,123160,839,123162,123164],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123158,17762],{}," characters are in ",[15,123161,64937],{},[15,123163,56952],{}," is a simple choice.",[30,123166,250],{"id":249},[35,123168,123170],{"className":37,"code":123169,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123171,123172],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123173,123174,123176,123178,123180,123182,123184,123186,123188,123190,123192],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123175,60837],{"class":50},[44,123177,81],{"class":80},[44,123179,40927],{"class":84},[44,123181,98],{"class":80},[44,123183,2126],{"class":84},[44,123185,2646],{"class":80},[44,123187,35716],{"class":84},[44,123189,2646],{"class":80},[44,123191,64703],{"class":84},[44,123193,104],{"class":80},[267,123195,17060],{"id":17059},[139,123197,123198,123203,123208],{},[142,123199,123200,123202],{},[15,123201,2126],{},": the text to search for",[142,123204,123205,123207],{},[15,123206,35737],{},": optional; where counting begins",[142,123209,123210,123212],{},[15,123211,52322],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123214,123215,4057,123217,123219],{},[15,123216,35737],{},[15,123218,52322],{}," work like slice positions:",[139,123221,123222,123227],{},[142,123223,123224,123226],{},[15,123225,35737],{}," is included",[142,123228,123229,75404],{},[15,123230,52322],{},[30,123232,17084],{"id":17083},[20,123234,123235,123237],{},[15,123236,56952],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123239,1778],{},[139,123241,123242,123247],{},[142,123243,123244,123245],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123246,1714],{},[142,123248,123249,123250],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123251,1772],{},[20,123253,40573,123254,4823,123256,2532,123258,81],{},[830,123255,832],{},[15,123257,3263],{},[15,123259,3335],{},[20,123261,123262,123263,123268],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[243,123264,123266,101260],{"href":123265},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123267,3544],{}," is often a better fit.",[30,123270,11136],{"id":11135},[20,123272,123273],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[35,123275,123277],{"className":37,"code":123276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123278,123279,123291,123313,123317],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123280,123281,123283,123285,123287,123289],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123282,51],{"class":50},[44,123284,55],{"class":54},[44,123286,59],{"class":58},[44,123288,3741],{"class":62},[44,123290,66],{"class":58},[44,123292,123293,123295,123297,123299,123301,123303,123305,123307,123309,123311],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,123294,1880],{"class":50},[44,123296,55],{"class":54},[44,123298,77],{"class":50},[44,123300,81],{"class":80},[44,123302,40927],{"class":84},[44,123304,98],{"class":80},[44,123306,362],{"class":58},[44,123308,20],{"class":62},[44,123310,362],{"class":58},[44,123312,104],{"class":80},[44,123314,123315],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,123316,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,123318,123319,123321,123323,123325],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,123320,95],{"class":94},[44,123322,98],{"class":80},[44,123324,1915],{"class":84},[44,123326,104],{"class":80},[20,123328,107],{},[35,123330,123331],{"className":37,"code":16721,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123332,123333],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123334,123335],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123336,16721],{"class":1675},[20,123338,63482,123339,123342,123343,81],{},[15,123340,123341],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123344,57495],{},[30,123346,123348],{"id":123347},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123350,123351,123353],{},[15,123352,56952],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[35,123355,123357],{"className":37,"code":123356,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123358,123359,123372],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123360,123361,123363,123365,123367,123370],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123362,51],{"class":50},[44,123364,55],{"class":54},[44,123366,59],{"class":58},[44,123368,123369],{"class":62},"cat dog cat bird cat",[44,123371,66],{"class":58},[44,123373,123374,123376,123378,123380,123382,123384,123386,123388,123390,123392],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,123375,95],{"class":94},[44,123377,98],{"class":80},[44,123379,194],{"class":84},[44,123381,81],{"class":80},[44,123383,40927],{"class":84},[44,123385,98],{"class":80},[44,123387,362],{"class":58},[44,123389,36712],{"class":62},[44,123391,362],{"class":58},[44,123393,370],{"class":80},[20,123395,107],{},[35,123397,123398],{"className":37,"code":46279,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123399,123400],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123401,123402],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123403,46279],{"class":1675},[20,123405,123406],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123408,161],{},[35,123410,123412],{"className":37,"code":123411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123413,123414,123427],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123415,123416,123418,123420,123422,123425],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123417,51],{"class":50},[44,123419,55],{"class":54},[44,123421,59],{"class":58},[44,123423,123424],{"class":62},"one One one",[44,123426,66],{"class":58},[44,123428,123429,123431,123433,123435,123437,123439,123441,123443,123445,123447],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,123430,95],{"class":94},[44,123432,98],{"class":80},[44,123434,194],{"class":84},[44,123436,81],{"class":80},[44,123438,40927],{"class":84},[44,123440,98],{"class":80},[44,123442,362],{"class":58},[44,123444,6249],{"class":62},[44,123446,362],{"class":58},[44,123448,370],{"class":80},[20,123450,107],{},[35,123452,123453],{"className":37,"code":16721,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123454,123455],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123456,123457],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123458,16721],{"class":1675},[20,123460,123461,123462,123465,123466,123468],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123463,123464],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123467,56952],{}," is case-sensitive.",[30,123470,675,123471,4057,123473],{"id":65069},[15,123472,35737],{},[15,123474,52322],{},[20,123476,123477],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[35,123479,123481],{"className":37,"code":123480,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123482,123483,123495,123521],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123484,123485,123487,123489,123491,123493],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123486,51],{"class":50},[44,123488,55],{"class":54},[44,123490,59],{"class":58},[44,123492,3750],{"class":62},[44,123494,66],{"class":58},[44,123496,123497,123499,123501,123503,123505,123507,123509,123511,123513,123515,123517,123519],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,123498,95],{"class":94},[44,123500,98],{"class":80},[44,123502,194],{"class":84},[44,123504,81],{"class":80},[44,123506,40927],{"class":84},[44,123508,98],{"class":80},[44,123510,362],{"class":58},[44,123512,243],{"class":62},[44,123514,362],{"class":58},[44,123516,2646],{"class":80},[44,123518,2649],{"class":1675},[44,123520,370],{"class":80},[44,123522,123523,123525,123527,123529,123531,123533,123535,123537,123539,123541,123543,123545,123547,123549],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,123524,95],{"class":94},[44,123526,98],{"class":80},[44,123528,194],{"class":84},[44,123530,81],{"class":80},[44,123532,40927],{"class":84},[44,123534,98],{"class":80},[44,123536,362],{"class":58},[44,123538,243],{"class":62},[44,123540,362],{"class":58},[44,123542,2646],{"class":80},[44,123544,2649],{"class":1675},[44,123546,2646],{"class":80},[44,123548,4270],{"class":1675},[44,123550,370],{"class":80},[20,123552,107],{},[35,123554,123556],{"className":37,"code":123555,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n1\n",[15,123557,123558,123562],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123559,123560],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123561,16721],{"class":1675},[44,123563,123564],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,123565,46579],{"class":1675},[267,123567,123569],{"id":123568},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123571,123572,123573,2539],{},"In ",[15,123574,64937],{},[139,123576,123577,123585,123593],{},[142,123578,70628,123579,123581,123582],{},[15,123580,1708],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123583,123584],{},"\"n\"",[142,123586,123587,123590,123591,75702],{},[15,123588,123589],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123592,1708],{},[142,123594,123595,123590,123598,123600,123601],{},[15,123596,123597],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123599,1708],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123602,1789],{},[20,123604,123605],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[35,123607,123609],{"className":37,"code":123608,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123610,123611,123623],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123612,123613,123615,123617,123619,123621],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123614,51],{"class":50},[44,123616,55],{"class":54},[44,123618,59],{"class":58},[44,123620,3750],{"class":62},[44,123622,66],{"class":58},[44,123624,123625,123627,123629,123631,123633,123635,123637,123639],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,123626,95],{"class":94},[44,123628,98],{"class":80},[44,123630,194],{"class":84},[44,123632,3561],{"class":80},[44,123634,1708],{"class":1675},[44,123636,2539],{"class":80},[44,123638,1789],{"class":1675},[44,123640,3549],{"class":80},[20,123642,107],{},[35,123644,123645],{"className":37,"code":41136,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123646,123647],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123648,123649],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123650,41136],{"class":50},[20,123652,123653],{},"Only that section is searched.",[30,123655,123657],{"id":123656},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,123659,123660,123468],{},[15,123661,56952],{},[20,123663,1759],{},[139,123665,123666,123674],{},[142,123667,123668,4057,123670,123673],{},[15,123669,17762],{},[15,123671,123672],{},"\"A\""," are different",[142,123675,123676,4057,123678,123673],{},[15,123677,64197],{},[15,123679,90077],{},[20,123681,161],{},[35,123683,123685],{"className":37,"code":123684,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123686,123687,123700],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123688,123689,123691,123693,123695,123698],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123690,51],{"class":50},[44,123692,55],{"class":54},[44,123694,59],{"class":58},[44,123696,123697],{"class":62},"Apple apple APPLE",[44,123699,66],{"class":58},[44,123701,123702,123704,123706,123708,123710,123712,123714,123716,123718,123720],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,123703,95],{"class":94},[44,123705,98],{"class":80},[44,123707,194],{"class":84},[44,123709,81],{"class":80},[44,123711,40927],{"class":84},[44,123713,98],{"class":80},[44,123715,362],{"class":58},[44,123717,3741],{"class":62},[44,123719,362],{"class":58},[44,123721,370],{"class":80},[20,123723,107],{},[35,123725,123726],{"className":37,"code":46579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123727,123728],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123729,123730],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123731,46579],{"class":1675},[20,123733,123734,123735,2539],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[243,123736,123737],{"href":1231},[15,123738,1234],{},[35,123740,123742],{"className":37,"code":123741,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123743,123744,123756],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123745,123746,123748,123750,123752,123754],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123747,51],{"class":50},[44,123749,55],{"class":54},[44,123751,59],{"class":58},[44,123753,123697],{"class":62},[44,123755,66],{"class":58},[44,123757,123758,123760,123762,123764,123766,123768,123770,123772,123774,123776,123778,123780],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,123759,95],{"class":94},[44,123761,98],{"class":80},[44,123763,194],{"class":84},[44,123765,81],{"class":80},[44,123767,8300],{"class":84},[44,123769,8297],{"class":80},[44,123771,40927],{"class":84},[44,123773,98],{"class":80},[44,123775,362],{"class":58},[44,123777,3741],{"class":62},[44,123779,362],{"class":58},[44,123781,370],{"class":80},[20,123783,107],{},[35,123785,123786],{"className":37,"code":46279,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123787,123788],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123789,123790],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123791,46279],{"class":1675},[30,123793,1238],{"id":1237},[20,123795,22762,123796,81],{},[15,123797,56952],{},[267,123799,1246,123801,123803],{"id":123800},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,123802,56952],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,123805,123806],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[35,123808,123810],{"className":37,"code":123809,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123811,123812,123825],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123813,123814,123816,123818,123820,123823],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123815,51],{"class":50},[44,123817,55],{"class":54},[44,123819,59],{"class":58},[44,123821,123822],{"class":62},"Aardvark",[44,123824,66],{"class":58},[44,123826,123827,123829,123831,123833,123835,123837,123839,123841,123843,123845],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,123828,95],{"class":94},[44,123830,98],{"class":80},[44,123832,194],{"class":84},[44,123834,81],{"class":80},[44,123836,40927],{"class":84},[44,123838,98],{"class":80},[44,123840,362],{"class":58},[44,123842,243],{"class":62},[44,123844,362],{"class":58},[44,123846,370],{"class":80},[20,123848,107],{},[35,123850,123851],{"className":37,"code":16721,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123852,123853],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123854,123855],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123856,16721],{"class":1675},[20,123858,123461,123859,123861],{},[15,123860,123672],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,123863,123864],{},"If needed, convert first:",[35,123866,123868],{"className":37,"code":123867,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123869,123870,123882],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123871,123872,123874,123876,123878,123880],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123873,51],{"class":50},[44,123875,55],{"class":54},[44,123877,59],{"class":58},[44,123879,123822],{"class":62},[44,123881,66],{"class":58},[44,123883,123884,123886,123888,123890,123892,123894,123896,123898,123900,123902,123904,123906],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,123885,95],{"class":94},[44,123887,98],{"class":80},[44,123889,194],{"class":84},[44,123891,81],{"class":80},[44,123893,8300],{"class":84},[44,123895,8297],{"class":80},[44,123897,40927],{"class":84},[44,123899,98],{"class":80},[44,123901,362],{"class":58},[44,123903,243],{"class":62},[44,123905,362],{"class":58},[44,123907,370],{"class":80},[267,123909,123911],{"id":123910},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,123913,123914],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[35,123916,123918],{"className":37,"code":123917,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,123919,123920,123932],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123921,123922,123924,123926,123928,123930],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123923,51],{"class":50},[44,123925,55],{"class":54},[44,123927,59],{"class":58},[44,123929,3750],{"class":62},[44,123931,66],{"class":58},[44,123933,123934,123936,123938,123940,123942,123944,123946,123948],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,123935,95],{"class":94},[44,123937,98],{"class":80},[44,123939,194],{"class":84},[44,123941,81],{"class":80},[44,123943,40927],{"class":84},[44,123945,98],{"class":80},[44,123947,243],{"class":84},[44,123949,370],{"class":80},[20,123951,123952,123953,81],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,123954,243],{},[20,123956,10467],{},[35,123958,123960],{"className":37,"code":123959,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123961,123962,123974],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123963,123964,123966,123968,123970,123972],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123965,51],{"class":50},[44,123967,55],{"class":54},[44,123969,59],{"class":58},[44,123971,3750],{"class":62},[44,123973,66],{"class":58},[44,123975,123976,123978,123980,123982,123984,123986,123988,123990,123992,123994],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,123977,95],{"class":94},[44,123979,98],{"class":80},[44,123981,194],{"class":84},[44,123983,81],{"class":80},[44,123985,40927],{"class":84},[44,123987,98],{"class":80},[44,123989,362],{"class":58},[44,123991,243],{"class":62},[44,123993,362],{"class":58},[44,123995,370],{"class":80},[267,123997,36869,123999,8363,124001,2532,124004],{"id":123998},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124000,56952],{},[15,124002,124003],{},"find()",[15,124005,58630],{},[20,124007,119,124008,124010,124011,81],{},[15,124009,56952],{}," when you need the ",[830,124012,124013],{},"number of matches",[20,124015,119,124016,124010,124021,124023],{},[243,124017,124019],{"href":124018},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124020,124003],{},[830,124022,64609],{}," of the first match.",[20,124025,119,124026,124031],{},[243,124027,124029],{"href":124028},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124030,58630],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[267,124033,124035],{"id":124034},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124037,124038,124040],{},[15,124039,56952],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124042,161],{},[35,124044,124046],{"className":37,"code":124045,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124047,124048,124061],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124049,124050,124052,124054,124056,124059],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124051,51],{"class":50},[44,124053,55],{"class":54},[44,124055,59],{"class":58},[44,124057,124058],{"class":62},"aaaa",[44,124060,66],{"class":58},[44,124062,124063,124065,124067,124069,124071,124073,124075,124077,124080,124082],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,124064,95],{"class":94},[44,124066,98],{"class":80},[44,124068,194],{"class":84},[44,124070,81],{"class":80},[44,124072,40927],{"class":84},[44,124074,98],{"class":80},[44,124076,362],{"class":58},[44,124078,124079],{"class":62},"aa",[44,124081,362],{"class":58},[44,124083,370],{"class":80},[20,124085,107],{},[35,124087,124088],{"className":37,"code":16721,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,124089,124090],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124091,124092],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124093,16721],{"class":1675},[20,124095,124096,124097,81],{},"It does not return ",[15,124098,1714],{},[20,124100,124101],{},"Why not?",[20,124103,124104],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[139,124106,124107,124116],{},[142,124108,124109,124112,124113],{},[15,124110,124111],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124114,124115],{},"0-1",[142,124117,124118,124112,124120],{},[15,124119,124111],{},[15,124121,124122],{},"2-3",[20,124124,124125,124126,81],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124127,124128],{},"1-2",[30,124130,1133,124131],{"id":58035},[15,124132,56952],{},[20,124134,119,124135,124137],{},[15,124136,56952],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124139,124140],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[139,124142,124143,124152,124162,124172],{},[142,124144,119,124145,124147,124148,124151],{},[15,124146,56952],{}," when you need ",[830,124149,124150],{},"how many times"," something appears",[142,124153,119,124154,124147,124158,124161],{},[243,124155,124156],{"href":124018},[15,124157,124003],{},[830,124159,124160],{},"where"," it appears",[142,124163,47473,124164,124168,124169],{},[243,124165,124166,101260],{"href":123265},[15,124167,3544],{}," when you only need to know ",[830,124170,124171],{},"if it exists",[142,124173,119,124174,124179],{},[243,124175,124177],{"href":124176},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124178,859],{}," when you want to change matching text",[30,124181,25610],{"id":25609},[20,124183,8534,124184,124186],{},[15,124185,56952],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[35,124188,124190],{"className":37,"code":124189,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124191,124192,124202,124216,124238,124264],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124193,124194,124196,124198,124200],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124195,95],{"class":94},[44,124197,98],{"class":80},[44,124199,194],{"class":84},[44,124201,104],{"class":80},[44,124203,124204,124206,124208,124210,124212,124214],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,124205,95],{"class":94},[44,124207,98],{"class":80},[44,124209,2880],{"class":1461},[44,124211,98],{"class":80},[44,124213,194],{"class":84},[44,124215,370],{"class":80},[44,124217,124218,124220,124222,124224,124226,124228,124230,124232,124234,124236],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,124219,95],{"class":94},[44,124221,98],{"class":80},[44,124223,194],{"class":84},[44,124225,81],{"class":80},[44,124227,40927],{"class":84},[44,124229,98],{"class":80},[44,124231,362],{"class":58},[44,124233,243],{"class":62},[44,124235,362],{"class":58},[44,124237,370],{"class":80},[44,124239,124240,124242,124244,124246,124248,124250,124252,124254,124256,124258,124260,124262],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,124241,95],{"class":94},[44,124243,98],{"class":80},[44,124245,194],{"class":84},[44,124247,81],{"class":80},[44,124249,8300],{"class":84},[44,124251,8297],{"class":80},[44,124253,40927],{"class":84},[44,124255,98],{"class":80},[44,124257,362],{"class":58},[44,124259,243],{"class":62},[44,124261,362],{"class":58},[44,124263,370],{"class":80},[44,124265,124266,124268,124270,124272,124274,124276,124278,124280,124282,124284],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,124267,95],{"class":94},[44,124269,98],{"class":80},[44,124271,194],{"class":84},[44,124273,81],{"class":80},[44,124275,40927],{"class":84},[44,124277,98],{"class":80},[44,124279,362],{"class":58},[44,124281,123103],{"class":62},[44,124283,362],{"class":58},[44,124285,370],{"class":80},[20,124287,124288],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[139,124290,124291,124294,124299,124302],{},[142,124292,124293],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[142,124295,124296,124298],{},[15,124297,194],{}," not being a string",[142,124300,124301],{},"counting the wrong substring",[142,124303,124304],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124306,58524],{},[139,124308,124309,124312,124315,124318],{},[142,124310,124311],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[142,124313,124314],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[142,124316,124317],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[142,124319,50154,124320,44292,124322,2532,124324,72974],{},[15,124321,56952],{},[15,124323,124003],{},[15,124325,3544],{},[30,124327,1478],{"id":1477},[267,124329,124331,124332,1497],{"id":124330},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124333,56952],{},[20,124335,124336],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[267,124338,14566,124340,124342],{"id":124339},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124341,56952],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124344,124345],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[267,124347,1504,124349,124351],{"id":124348},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124350,56952],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124353,4810,124354,81],{},[15,124355,1772],{},[267,124357,4832,124359,124361],{"id":124358},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124360,56952],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124363,124364],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[267,124366,1482,124368,124370],{"id":124367},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124369,56952],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124372,124373],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[30,124375,1545],{"id":1544},[139,124377,124378,124385,124392,124399,124406],{},[142,124379,124380],{},[243,124381,124382],{"href":124018},[15,124383,124384],{},"Python string find() method",[142,124386,124387],{},[243,124388,124389],{"href":124028},[15,124390,124391],{},"Python string index() method",[142,124393,124394],{},[243,124395,124396],{"href":1231},[15,124397,124398],{},"Python string lower() method",[142,124400,124401],{},[243,124402,124403],{"href":123265},[15,124404,124405],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[142,124407,124408],{},[243,124409,124410],{"href":124176},[15,124411,124412],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1577,124414,124415],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":124417},[124418,124419,124421,124424,124425,124426,124427,124430,124431,124439,124440,124441,124453],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":123131,"depth":69,"text":124420},"What the count() method does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250,"children":124422},[124423],{"id":17059,"depth":91,"text":17060},{"id":17083,"depth":69,"text":17084},{"id":11135,"depth":69,"text":11136},{"id":123347,"depth":69,"text":123348},{"id":65069,"depth":69,"text":65852,"children":124428},[124429],{"id":123568,"depth":91,"text":123569},{"id":123656,"depth":69,"text":123657},{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238,"children":124432},[124433,124435,124436,124438],{"id":123800,"depth":91,"text":124434},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":123910,"depth":91,"text":123911},{"id":123998,"depth":91,"text":124437},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124034,"depth":91,"text":124035},{"id":58035,"depth":69,"text":58666},{"id":25609,"depth":69,"text":25610},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":124442},[124443,124445,124447,124449,124451],{"id":124330,"depth":91,"text":124444},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124339,"depth":91,"text":124446},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124348,"depth":91,"text":124448},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124358,"depth":91,"text":124450},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124367,"depth":91,"text":124452},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123005,"description":124454},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124461,"title":124462,"body":124463,"description":126045,"extension":1611,"meta":126046,"navigation":184,"path":126047,"seo":126048,"stem":126049,"__hash__":126050},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124464,"toc":126018},[124465,124468,124471,124568,124577,124579,124598,124602,124605,124608,124621,124624,124653,124658,124663,124721,124723,124756,124760,124764,124767,124770,124799,124802,124829,124832,124835,124839,124842,124849,124912,124914,124932,124935,124939,124942,124945,124987,124990,125034,125037,125040,125044,125049,125052,125095,125097,125120,125123,125156,125159,125208,125218,125222,125225,125228,125257,125260,125271,125273,125332,125335,125339,125342,125345,125360,125369,125372,125406,125409,125436,125439,125446,125448,125451,125453,125456,125470,125479,125481,125508,125512,125515,125529,125532,125591,125595,125598,125625,125628,125655,125663,125666,125726,125728,125761,125765,125768,125787,125792,125841,125846,125848,125851,125910,125928,125930,125934,125942,125946,125949,125953,125959,125963,125973,125977,125980,125982,126015],[10,124466,124462],{"id":124467},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124469,124470],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[35,124472,124474],{"className":37,"code":124473,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124475,124476,124488,124500,124509,124523,124527,124537,124547,124558],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124477,124478,124480,124482,124484,124486],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124479,284],{"class":50},[44,124481,55],{"class":54},[44,124483,59],{"class":58},[44,124485,4666],{"class":62},[44,124487,66],{"class":58},[44,124489,124490,124492,124494,124496,124498],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,124491,89666],{"class":50},[44,124493,55],{"class":54},[44,124495,2955],{"class":58},[44,124497,34530],{"class":62},[44,124499,664],{"class":58},[44,124501,124502,124505,124507],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,124503,124504],{"class":50},"empty ",[44,124506,55],{"class":54},[44,124508,7543],{"class":58},[44,124510,124511,124513,124515,124517,124519,124521],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,124512,51],{"class":50},[44,124514,55],{"class":54},[44,124516,48566],{"class":1461},[44,124518,98],{"class":80},[44,124520,49908],{"class":1675},[44,124522,104],{"class":80},[44,124524,124525],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,124526,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,124528,124529,124531,124533,124535],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,124530,95],{"class":94},[44,124532,98],{"class":80},[44,124534,302],{"class":84},[44,124536,104],{"class":80},[44,124538,124539,124541,124543,124545],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,124540,95],{"class":94},[44,124542,98],{"class":80},[44,124544,89683],{"class":84},[44,124546,104],{"class":80},[44,124548,124549,124551,124553,124556],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,124550,95],{"class":94},[44,124552,98],{"class":80},[44,124554,124555],{"class":84},"empty",[44,124557,104],{"class":80},[44,124559,124560,124562,124564,124566],{"class":46,"line":6095},[44,124561,95],{"class":94},[44,124563,98],{"class":80},[44,124565,194],{"class":84},[44,124567,104],{"class":80},[20,124569,124570,124573,124574,124576],{},[830,124571,124572],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124575,47346],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[30,124578,14826],{"id":14825},[139,124580,124581,124584,124587,124590,124595],{},[142,124582,124583],{},"What a string is in Python",[142,124585,124586],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[142,124588,124589],{},"How to create an empty string",[142,124591,124592,124593],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124594,47346],{},[142,124596,124597],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[30,124599,124601],{"id":124600},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124603,124604],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124606,124607],{},"Strings can contain:",[139,124609,124610,124613,124615,124618],{},[142,124611,124612],{},"Letters",[142,124614,56123],{},[142,124616,124617],{},"Spaces",[142,124619,124620],{},"Symbols",[20,124622,124623],{},"Examples of strings:",[35,124625,124627],{"className":37,"code":124626,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124628,124629,124637,124645],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124630,124631,124633,124635],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124632,362],{"class":654},[44,124634,986],{"class":658},[44,124636,66],{"class":654},[44,124638,124639,124641,124643],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,124640,362],{"class":654},[44,124642,49908],{"class":658},[44,124644,66],{"class":654},[44,124646,124647,124649,124651],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,124648,362],{"class":654},[44,124650,88808],{"class":658},[44,124652,66],{"class":654},[20,124654,20645,124655,124657],{},[15,124656,49958],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124659,124660,124661,2539],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124662,1953],{},[35,124664,124666],{"className":37,"code":124665,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124667,124668,124680,124689,124693,124707],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124669,124670,124672,124674,124676,124678],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124671,51],{"class":50},[44,124673,55],{"class":54},[44,124675,59],{"class":58},[44,124677,49908],{"class":62},[44,124679,66],{"class":58},[44,124681,124682,124684,124686],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,124683,1867],{"class":50},[44,124685,55],{"class":54},[44,124687,124688],{"class":1675}," 123\n",[44,124690,124691],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,124692,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,124694,124695,124697,124699,124701,124703,124705],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,124696,95],{"class":94},[44,124698,98],{"class":80},[44,124700,2880],{"class":1461},[44,124702,98],{"class":80},[44,124704,194],{"class":84},[44,124706,370],{"class":80},[44,124708,124709,124711,124713,124715,124717,124719],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,124710,95],{"class":94},[44,124712,98],{"class":80},[44,124714,2880],{"class":1461},[44,124716,98],{"class":80},[44,124718,1890],{"class":84},[44,124720,370],{"class":80},[20,124722,107],{},[35,124724,124726],{"className":37,"code":124725,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,124727,124728,124742],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124729,124730,124732,124734,124736,124738,124740],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124731,2949],{"class":54},[44,124733,2952],{"class":1717},[44,124735,2955],{"class":58},[44,124737,1462],{"class":62},[44,124739,655],{"class":58},[44,124741,2962],{"class":54},[44,124743,124744,124746,124748,124750,124752,124754],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,124745,2949],{"class":54},[44,124747,2952],{"class":1717},[44,124749,2955],{"class":58},[44,124751,1840],{"class":62},[44,124753,655],{"class":58},[44,124755,2962],{"class":54},[20,124757,241,124758,81],{},[243,124759,246],{"href":245},[30,124761,124763],{"id":124762},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,124765,124766],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,124768,124769],{},"You can use single quotes:",[35,124771,124773],{"className":37,"code":124772,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124774,124775,124788],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124776,124777,124780,124782,124784,124786],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124778,124779],{"class":50},"greeting ",[44,124781,55],{"class":54},[44,124783,2955],{"class":58},[44,124785,986],{"class":62},[44,124787,664],{"class":58},[44,124789,124790,124792,124794,124797],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,124791,95],{"class":94},[44,124793,98],{"class":80},[44,124795,124796],{"class":84},"greeting",[44,124798,104],{"class":80},[20,124800,124801],{},"Or double quotes:",[35,124803,124805],{"className":37,"code":124804,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124806,124807,124819],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124808,124809,124811,124813,124815,124817],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124810,124779],{"class":50},[44,124812,55],{"class":54},[44,124814,59],{"class":58},[44,124816,986],{"class":62},[44,124818,66],{"class":58},[44,124820,124821,124823,124825,124827],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,124822,95],{"class":94},[44,124824,98],{"class":80},[44,124826,124796],{"class":84},[44,124828,104],{"class":80},[20,124830,124831],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,124833,124834],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[30,124836,124838],{"id":124837},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,124840,124841],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,124843,124844,124845,2532,124847,2539],{},"Use either ",[15,124846,5937],{},[15,124848,3434],{},[35,124850,124852],{"className":37,"code":124851,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,124853,124854,124863,124872,124876,124887,124898],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124855,124856,124859,124861],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124857,124858],{"class":50},"empty1 ",[44,124860,55],{"class":54},[44,124862,7543],{"class":58},[44,124864,124865,124868,124870],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,124866,124867],{"class":50},"empty2 ",[44,124869,55],{"class":54},[44,124871,47158],{"class":58},[44,124873,124874],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,124875,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,124877,124878,124880,124882,124885],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,124879,95],{"class":94},[44,124881,98],{"class":80},[44,124883,124884],{"class":84},"empty1",[44,124886,104],{"class":80},[44,124888,124889,124891,124893,124896],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,124890,95],{"class":94},[44,124892,98],{"class":80},[44,124894,124895],{"class":84},"empty2",[44,124897,104],{"class":80},[44,124899,124900,124902,124904,124906,124908,124910],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,124901,95],{"class":94},[44,124903,98],{"class":80},[44,124905,2880],{"class":1461},[44,124907,98],{"class":80},[44,124909,124884],{"class":84},[44,124911,370],{"class":80},[20,124913,107],{},[35,124915,124916],{"className":37,"code":45433,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,124917,124918],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124919,124920,124922,124924,124926,124928,124930],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124921,2949],{"class":54},[44,124923,2952],{"class":1717},[44,124925,2955],{"class":58},[44,124927,1462],{"class":62},[44,124929,655],{"class":58},[44,124931,2962],{"class":54},[20,124933,124934],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[30,124936,124938],{"id":124937},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,124940,124941],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,124943,124944],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[35,124946,124948],{"className":37,"code":124947,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124949,124950,124961,124966,124973,124977],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124951,124952,124954,124956,124959],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124953,89666],{"class":50},[44,124955,55],{"class":54},[44,124957,124958],{"class":58}," \"\"\"",[44,124960,88608],{"class":62},[44,124962,124963],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,124964,124965],{"class":62},"Welcome to Python\n",[44,124967,124968,124971],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,124969,124970],{"class":62},"Have a nice day",[44,124972,42998],{"class":58},[44,124974,124975],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,124976,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,124978,124979,124981,124983,124985],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,124980,95],{"class":94},[44,124982,98],{"class":80},[44,124984,89683],{"class":84},[44,124986,104],{"class":80},[20,124988,124989],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[35,124991,124993],{"className":37,"code":124992,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124994,124995,125007,125012,125020,125024],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124996,124997,124999,125001,125004],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124998,89666],{"class":50},[44,125000,55],{"class":54},[44,125002,125003],{"class":58}," '''",[44,125005,125006],{"class":62},"Line 1\n",[44,125008,125009],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125010,125011],{"class":62},"Line 2\n",[44,125013,125014,125017],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,125015,125016],{"class":62},"Line 3",[44,125018,125019],{"class":58},"'''\n",[44,125021,125022],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,125023,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,125025,125026,125028,125030,125032],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,125027,95],{"class":94},[44,125029,98],{"class":80},[44,125031,89683],{"class":84},[44,125033,104],{"class":80},[20,125035,125036],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125038,125039],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[30,125041,125043],{"id":125042},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125045,1628,125046,125048],{},[15,125047,47346],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125050,125051],{},"Example with a number:",[35,125053,125055],{"className":37,"code":125054,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125056,125057,125071,125081],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125058,125059,125061,125063,125065,125067,125069],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125060,51],{"class":50},[44,125062,55],{"class":54},[44,125064,48566],{"class":1461},[44,125066,98],{"class":80},[44,125068,46188],{"class":1675},[44,125070,104],{"class":80},[44,125072,125073,125075,125077,125079],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125074,95],{"class":94},[44,125076,98],{"class":80},[44,125078,194],{"class":84},[44,125080,104],{"class":80},[44,125082,125083,125085,125087,125089,125091,125093],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,125084,95],{"class":94},[44,125086,98],{"class":80},[44,125088,2880],{"class":1461},[44,125090,98],{"class":80},[44,125092,194],{"class":84},[44,125094,370],{"class":80},[20,125096,107],{},[35,125098,125100],{"className":37,"code":125099,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125101,125102,125106],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125103,125104],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125105,46274],{"class":1675},[44,125107,125108,125110,125112,125114,125116,125118],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125109,2949],{"class":54},[44,125111,2952],{"class":1717},[44,125113,2955],{"class":58},[44,125115,1462],{"class":62},[44,125117,655],{"class":58},[44,125119,2962],{"class":54},[20,125121,125122],{},"You can also convert other values:",[35,125124,125126],{"className":37,"code":125125,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125127,125128,125142],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125129,125130,125132,125134,125136,125138,125140],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125131,95],{"class":94},[44,125133,98],{"class":80},[44,125135,1462],{"class":1461},[44,125137,98],{"class":80},[44,125139,3263],{"class":3513},[44,125141,370],{"class":80},[44,125143,125144,125146,125148,125150,125152,125154],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125145,95],{"class":94},[44,125147,98],{"class":80},[44,125149,1462],{"class":1461},[44,125151,98],{"class":80},[44,125153,39810],{"class":1675},[44,125155,370],{"class":80},[20,125157,125158],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[35,125160,125162],{"className":37,"code":125161,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125163,125164,125172,125194,125198],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125165,125166,125168,125170],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125167,21295],{"class":50},[44,125169,55],{"class":54},[44,125171,44888],{"class":1675},[44,125173,125174,125176,125178,125180,125182,125184,125186,125188,125190,125192],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125175,89666],{"class":50},[44,125177,55],{"class":54},[44,125179,59],{"class":58},[44,125181,89084],{"class":62},[44,125183,362],{"class":58},[44,125185,2107],{"class":54},[44,125187,48566],{"class":1461},[44,125189,98],{"class":80},[44,125191,8959],{"class":84},[44,125193,104],{"class":80},[44,125195,125196],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,125197,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,125199,125200,125202,125204,125206],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,125201,95],{"class":94},[44,125203,98],{"class":80},[44,125205,89683],{"class":84},[44,125207,104],{"class":80},[20,125209,125210,125211,2532,125215,81],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[243,125212,3234,125213,3167],{"href":41839},[15,125214,47346],{},[243,125216,125217],{"href":122936},"how to convert int to string in Python",[30,125219,125221],{"id":125220},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125223,125224],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125226,125227],{},"Both of these are valid:",[35,125229,125231],{"className":37,"code":125230,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125232,125233,125245],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125234,125235,125237,125239,125241,125243],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125236,2208],{"class":50},[44,125238,55],{"class":54},[44,125240,2955],{"class":58},[44,125242,6959],{"class":62},[44,125244,664],{"class":58},[44,125246,125247,125249,125251,125253,125255],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125248,2236],{"class":50},[44,125250,55],{"class":54},[44,125252,59],{"class":58},[44,125254,6959],{"class":62},[44,125256,66],{"class":58},[20,125258,125259],{},"A common rule is:",[139,125261,125262,125265,125268],{},[142,125263,125264],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[142,125266,125267],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[142,125269,125270],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125272,161],{},[35,125274,125276],{"className":37,"code":125275,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125277,125278,125292,125306,125310,125321],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125279,125280,125283,125285,125287,125290],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125281,125282],{"class":50},"text1 ",[44,125284,55],{"class":54},[44,125286,59],{"class":58},[44,125288,125289],{"class":62},"It's working",[44,125291,66],{"class":58},[44,125293,125294,125297,125299,125301,125304],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125295,125296],{"class":50},"text2 ",[44,125298,55],{"class":54},[44,125300,2955],{"class":58},[44,125302,125303],{"class":62},"She said \"hello\"",[44,125305,664],{"class":58},[44,125307,125308],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,125309,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,125311,125312,125314,125316,125319],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,125313,95],{"class":94},[44,125315,98],{"class":80},[44,125317,125318],{"class":84},"text1",[44,125320,104],{"class":80},[44,125322,125323,125325,125327,125330],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,125324,95],{"class":94},[44,125326,98],{"class":80},[44,125328,125329],{"class":84},"text2",[44,125331,104],{"class":80},[20,125333,125334],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[30,125336,125338],{"id":125337},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125340,125341],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125343,125344],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[35,125346,125348],{"className":37,"code":125347,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125349,125350,125355],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125351,125352],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125353,125354],{"class":3324},"# This will cause an error\n",[44,125356,125357],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125358,125359],{"class":3324},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125361,125362,125363,34993,125365,125368],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125364,655],{},[15,125366,125367],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125370,125371],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[35,125373,125375],{"className":37,"code":125374,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125376,125377,125396],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125378,125379,125381,125383,125385,125388,125391,125394],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125380,51],{"class":50},[44,125382,55],{"class":54},[44,125384,2955],{"class":58},[44,125386,125387],{"class":62},"It",[44,125389,125390],{"class":605},"\\'",[44,125392,125393],{"class":62},"s working",[44,125395,664],{"class":58},[44,125397,125398,125400,125402,125404],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125399,95],{"class":94},[44,125401,98],{"class":80},[44,125403,194],{"class":84},[44,125405,104],{"class":80},[20,125407,125408],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[35,125410,125412],{"className":37,"code":125411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125413,125414,125426],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125415,125416,125418,125420,125422,125424],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125417,51],{"class":50},[44,125419,55],{"class":54},[44,125421,59],{"class":58},[44,125423,125289],{"class":62},[44,125425,66],{"class":58},[44,125427,125428,125430,125432,125434],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125429,95],{"class":94},[44,125431,98],{"class":80},[44,125433,194],{"class":84},[44,125435,104],{"class":80},[20,125437,125438],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125440,125441,125442,81],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[243,125443,125445],{"href":125444},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[30,125447,1238],{"id":1237},[20,125449,125450],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[267,125452,89873],{"id":89872},[20,125454,125455],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[35,125457,125459],{"className":37,"code":125458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125460,125461,125465],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125462,125463],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125464,125354],{"class":3324},[44,125466,125467],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125468,125469],{"class":3324},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125471,125472,125473,8262,125476,125478],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125474,125475],{},"NameError",[15,125477,4666],{}," is not defined.",[20,125480,10467],{},[35,125482,125484],{"className":37,"code":125483,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125485,125486,125498],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125487,125488,125490,125492,125494,125496],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125489,284],{"class":50},[44,125491,55],{"class":54},[44,125493,59],{"class":58},[44,125495,4666],{"class":62},[44,125497,66],{"class":58},[44,125499,125500,125502,125504,125506],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125501,95],{"class":94},[44,125503,98],{"class":80},[44,125505,302],{"class":84},[44,125507,104],{"class":80},[267,125509,125511],{"id":125510},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125513,125514],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[35,125516,125518],{"className":37,"code":125517,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125519,125520,125524],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125521,125522],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125523,125354],{"class":3324},[44,125525,125526],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125527,125528],{"class":3324},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125530,125531],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[35,125533,125535],{"className":37,"code":125534,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125536,125537,125554,125567,125571,125581],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125538,125539,125541,125543,125545,125547,125549,125552],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125540,125282],{"class":50},[44,125542,55],{"class":54},[44,125544,2955],{"class":58},[44,125546,125387],{"class":62},[44,125548,125390],{"class":605},[44,125550,125551],{"class":62},"s good",[44,125553,664],{"class":58},[44,125555,125556,125558,125560,125562,125565],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125557,125296],{"class":50},[44,125559,55],{"class":54},[44,125561,59],{"class":58},[44,125563,125564],{"class":62},"It's good",[44,125566,66],{"class":58},[44,125568,125569],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,125570,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,125572,125573,125575,125577,125579],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,125574,95],{"class":94},[44,125576,98],{"class":80},[44,125578,125318],{"class":84},[44,125580,104],{"class":80},[44,125582,125583,125585,125587,125589],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,125584,95],{"class":94},[44,125586,98],{"class":80},[44,125588,125329],{"class":84},[44,125590,104],{"class":80},[267,125592,125594],{"id":125593},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125596,125597],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[35,125599,125601],{"className":37,"code":125600,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125602,125603,125615],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125604,125605,125607,125609,125611,125613],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125606,51],{"class":50},[44,125608,55],{"class":54},[44,125610,124958],{"class":58},[44,125612,986],{"class":62},[44,125614,42998],{"class":58},[44,125616,125617,125619,125621,125623],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125618,95],{"class":94},[44,125620,98],{"class":80},[44,125622,194],{"class":84},[44,125624,104],{"class":80},[20,125626,125627],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[35,125629,125631],{"className":37,"code":125630,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125632,125633,125645],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125634,125635,125637,125639,125641,125643],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125636,51],{"class":50},[44,125638,55],{"class":54},[44,125640,59],{"class":58},[44,125642,986],{"class":62},[44,125644,66],{"class":58},[44,125646,125647,125649,125651,125653],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125648,95],{"class":94},[44,125650,98],{"class":80},[44,125652,194],{"class":84},[44,125654,104],{"class":80},[267,125656,4244,125658,4057,125660,125662],{"id":125657},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125659,49908],{},[15,125661,49958],{}," are the same type",[20,125664,125665],{},"They are different:",[35,125667,125669],{"className":37,"code":125668,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125670,125671,125680,125693,125697,125711],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125672,125673,125676,125678],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125674,125675],{"class":50},"value1 ",[44,125677,55],{"class":54},[44,125679,124688],{"class":1675},[44,125681,125682,125685,125687,125689,125691],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125683,125684],{"class":50},"value2 ",[44,125686,55],{"class":54},[44,125688,59],{"class":58},[44,125690,49908],{"class":62},[44,125692,66],{"class":58},[44,125694,125695],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,125696,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,125698,125699,125701,125703,125705,125707,125709],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,125700,95],{"class":94},[44,125702,98],{"class":80},[44,125704,2880],{"class":1461},[44,125706,98],{"class":80},[44,125708,84431],{"class":84},[44,125710,370],{"class":80},[44,125712,125713,125715,125717,125719,125721,125724],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,125714,95],{"class":94},[44,125716,98],{"class":80},[44,125718,2880],{"class":1461},[44,125720,98],{"class":80},[44,125722,125723],{"class":84},"value2",[44,125725,370],{"class":80},[20,125727,107],{},[35,125729,125731],{"className":37,"code":125730,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125732,125733,125747],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125734,125735,125737,125739,125741,125743,125745],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125736,2949],{"class":54},[44,125738,2952],{"class":1717},[44,125740,2955],{"class":58},[44,125742,1840],{"class":62},[44,125744,655],{"class":58},[44,125746,2962],{"class":54},[44,125748,125749,125751,125753,125755,125757,125759],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125750,2949],{"class":54},[44,125752,2952],{"class":1717},[44,125754,2955],{"class":58},[44,125756,1462],{"class":62},[44,125758,655],{"class":58},[44,125760,2962],{"class":54},[267,125762,125764],{"id":125763},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,125766,125767],{},"This causes a type error:",[35,125769,125771],{"className":37,"code":125770,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,125772,125773,125777,125782],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125774,125775],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125776,125354],{"class":3324},[44,125778,125779],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125780,125781],{"class":3324},"# age = 10\n",[44,125783,125784],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,125785,125786],{"class":3324},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,125788,125789,125790,2539],{},"Fix it with ",[15,125791,47346],{},[35,125793,125795],{"className":37,"code":125794,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125796,125797,125805,125827,125831],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125798,125799,125801,125803],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125800,21295],{"class":50},[44,125802,55],{"class":54},[44,125804,2241],{"class":1675},[44,125806,125807,125809,125811,125813,125815,125817,125819,125821,125823,125825],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125808,89666],{"class":50},[44,125810,55],{"class":54},[44,125812,59],{"class":58},[44,125814,89084],{"class":62},[44,125816,362],{"class":58},[44,125818,2107],{"class":54},[44,125820,48566],{"class":1461},[44,125822,98],{"class":80},[44,125824,8959],{"class":84},[44,125826,104],{"class":80},[44,125828,125829],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,125830,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,125832,125833,125835,125837,125839],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,125834,95],{"class":94},[44,125836,98],{"class":80},[44,125838,89683],{"class":84},[44,125840,104],{"class":80},[20,125842,125843,125844,81],{},"For this specific error, see ",[243,125845,90065],{"href":90064},[267,125847,60373],{"id":60372},[20,125849,125850],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[35,125852,125854],{"className":37,"code":125853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,125855,125856,125868,125872,125882,125896],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125857,125858,125860,125862,125864,125866],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125859,51],{"class":50},[44,125861,55],{"class":54},[44,125863,59],{"class":58},[44,125865,986],{"class":62},[44,125867,66],{"class":58},[44,125869,125870],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125871,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,125873,125874,125876,125878,125880],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,125875,95],{"class":94},[44,125877,98],{"class":80},[44,125879,194],{"class":84},[44,125881,104],{"class":80},[44,125883,125884,125886,125888,125890,125892,125894],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,125885,95],{"class":94},[44,125887,98],{"class":80},[44,125889,2880],{"class":1461},[44,125891,98],{"class":80},[44,125893,194],{"class":84},[44,125895,370],{"class":80},[44,125897,125898,125900,125902,125904,125906,125908],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,125899,95],{"class":94},[44,125901,98],{"class":80},[44,125903,617],{"class":94},[44,125905,98],{"class":80},[44,125907,194],{"class":84},[44,125909,370],{"class":80},[139,125911,125912,125917,125922],{},[142,125913,125914,45941],{},[15,125915,125916],{},"print(text)",[142,125918,125919,45946],{},[15,125920,125921],{},"print(type(text))",[142,125923,125924,125927],{},[15,125925,125926],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[30,125929,1478],{"id":1477},[267,125931,125933],{"id":125932},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,125935,125936,125937,2532,125940,81],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,125938,125939],{},"'hello'",[15,125941,64197],{},[267,125943,125945],{"id":125944},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,125947,125948],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[267,125950,125952],{"id":125951},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,125954,119,125955,2532,125957,81],{},[15,125956,5937],{},[15,125958,3434],{},[267,125960,125962],{"id":125961},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,125964,119,125965,125967,125968,125970,125971,81],{},[15,125966,47346],{},", like ",[15,125969,80043],{},", which returns ",[15,125972,41790],{},[267,125974,125976],{"id":125975},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,125978,125979],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[30,125981,1545],{"id":1544},[139,125983,125984,125988,125994,125999,126007,126011],{},[142,125985,125986],{},[243,125987,246],{"href":245},[142,125989,125990],{},[243,125991,3234,125992,3167],{"href":41839},[15,125993,47346],{},[142,125995,125996],{},[243,125997,125998],{"href":122936},"How to convert int to string in Python",[142,126000,126001],{},[243,126002,1552,126004,1555],{"href":126003},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F",[15,126005,126006],{},"format()",[142,126008,126009],{},[243,126010,125445],{"href":125444},[142,126012,126013],{},[243,126014,90065],{"href":90064},[1577,126016,126017],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":126019},[126020,126021,126022,126023,126024,126025,126026,126027,126028,126037,126044],{"id":14825,"depth":69,"text":14826},{"id":124600,"depth":69,"text":124601},{"id":124762,"depth":69,"text":124763},{"id":124837,"depth":69,"text":124838},{"id":124937,"depth":69,"text":124938},{"id":125042,"depth":69,"text":125043},{"id":125220,"depth":69,"text":125221},{"id":125337,"depth":69,"text":125338},{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238,"children":126029},[126030,126031,126032,126033,126035,126036],{"id":89872,"depth":91,"text":89873},{"id":125510,"depth":91,"text":125511},{"id":125593,"depth":91,"text":125594},{"id":125657,"depth":91,"text":126034},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125763,"depth":91,"text":125764},{"id":60372,"depth":91,"text":60373},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":126038},[126039,126040,126041,126042,126043],{"id":125932,"depth":91,"text":125933},{"id":125944,"depth":91,"text":125945},{"id":125951,"depth":91,"text":125952},{"id":125961,"depth":91,"text":125962},{"id":125975,"depth":91,"text":125976},{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124462,"description":126045},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126052,"title":126053,"body":126054,"description":127964,"extension":1611,"meta":127965,"navigation":184,"path":127966,"seo":127967,"stem":127968,"__hash__":127969},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126055,"toc":127925},[126056,126062,126067,126075,126077,126141,126143,126155,126164,126169,126173,126190,126192,126257,126259,126271,126276,126278,126306,126327,126330,126369,126371,126379,126383,126387,126391,126399,126402,126443,126445,126453,126456,126513,126515,126523,126527,126532,126576,126578,126586,126595,126599,126604,126652,126654,126662,126668,126670,126674,126686,126691,126770,126772,126792,126796,126800,126840,126842,126850,126854,126897,126899,126907,126911,126951,126953,126961,126965,127021,127023,127031,127037,127039,127043,127053,127120,127122,127135,127142,127185,127187,127195,127199,127202,127258,127260,127268,127271,127273,127350,127352,127360,127369,127371,127375,127379,127381,127403,127406,127453,127457,127496,127498,127506,127508,127550,127557,127562,127624,127626,127638,127644,127649,127698,127700,127719,127725,127727,127746,127748,127839,127841,127847,127854,127860,127866,127871,127879,127886,127894,127896,127922],[10,126057,13,126059,18],{"id":126058},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126060,126061],{},"endswith()",[20,126063,123015,126064,126066],{},[15,126065,126061],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126068,126069,126070,2532,126072,126074],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126071,3263],{},[15,126073,3335],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[30,126076,1653],{"id":1652},[35,126078,126080],{"className":37,"code":126079,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126081,126082,126095,126119],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126083,126084,126086,126088,126090,126093],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126085,1055],{"class":50},[44,126087,55],{"class":54},[44,126089,59],{"class":58},[44,126091,126092],{"class":62},"report.csv",[44,126094,66],{"class":58},[44,126096,126097,126099,126101,126103,126105,126108,126110,126112,126115,126117],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,126098,95],{"class":94},[44,126100,98],{"class":80},[44,126102,1073],{"class":84},[44,126104,81],{"class":80},[44,126106,126107],{"class":84},"endswith",[44,126109,98],{"class":80},[44,126111,362],{"class":58},[44,126113,126114],{"class":62},".csv",[44,126116,362],{"class":58},[44,126118,370],{"class":80},[44,126120,126121,126123,126125,126127,126129,126131,126133,126135,126137,126139],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,126122,95],{"class":94},[44,126124,98],{"class":80},[44,126126,1073],{"class":84},[44,126128,81],{"class":80},[44,126130,126107],{"class":84},[44,126132,98],{"class":80},[44,126134,362],{"class":58},[44,126136,1084],{"class":62},[44,126138,362],{"class":58},[44,126140,370],{"class":80},[20,126142,107],{},[35,126144,126145],{"className":37,"code":43836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126146,126147,126151],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126148,126149],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126150,3641],{"class":3513},[44,126152,126153],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,126154,3702],{"class":3513},[20,126156,119,126157,5033,126159,2532,126161,126163],{},[15,126158,126061],{},[15,126160,3263],{},[15,126162,3335],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[30,126165,126,126167,129],{"id":126166},"what-endswith-does",[15,126168,126061],{},[20,126170,126171,2539],{},[15,126172,126061],{},[139,126174,126175,126178,126184,126187],{},[142,126176,126177],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[142,126179,11084,126180,2532,126182],{},[15,126181,3263],{},[15,126183,3335],{},[142,126185,126186],{},"Does not change the original string",[142,126188,126189],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126191,161],{},[35,126193,126195],{"className":37,"code":126194,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126196,126197,126209,126213,126235],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126198,126199,126201,126203,126205,126207],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126200,51],{"class":50},[44,126202,55],{"class":54},[44,126204,59],{"class":58},[44,126206,60069],{"class":62},[44,126208,66],{"class":58},[44,126210,126211],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,126212,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,126214,126215,126217,126219,126221,126223,126225,126227,126229,126231,126233],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,126216,95],{"class":94},[44,126218,98],{"class":80},[44,126220,194],{"class":84},[44,126222,81],{"class":80},[44,126224,126107],{"class":84},[44,126226,98],{"class":80},[44,126228,362],{"class":58},[44,126230,60254],{"class":62},[44,126232,362],{"class":58},[44,126234,370],{"class":80},[44,126236,126237,126239,126241,126243,126245,126247,126249,126251,126253,126255],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,126238,95],{"class":94},[44,126240,98],{"class":80},[44,126242,194],{"class":84},[44,126244,81],{"class":80},[44,126246,126107],{"class":84},[44,126248,98],{"class":80},[44,126250,362],{"class":58},[44,126252,986],{"class":62},[44,126254,362],{"class":58},[44,126256,370],{"class":80},[20,126258,107],{},[35,126260,126261],{"className":37,"code":43836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126262,126263,126267],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126264,126265],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126266,3641],{"class":3513},[44,126268,126269],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,126270,3702],{"class":3513},[20,126272,126273,126274,81],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[243,126275,246],{"href":245},[30,126277,250],{"id":249},[35,126279,126281],{"className":37,"code":126280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126282,126283],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126284,126285,126287,126289,126291,126293,126296,126298,126300,126302,126304],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126286,60837],{"class":50},[44,126288,81],{"class":80},[44,126290,126107],{"class":84},[44,126292,98],{"class":80},[44,126294,126295],{"class":84},"suffix",[44,126297,2646],{"class":80},[44,126299,35716],{"class":84},[44,126301,2646],{"class":80},[44,126303,64703],{"class":84},[44,126305,104],{"class":80},[139,126307,126308,126313,126320],{},[142,126309,126310,126312],{},[15,126311,126295],{}," is required",[142,126314,126315,4057,126317,126319],{},[15,126316,35737],{},[15,126318,52322],{}," are optional",[142,126321,126322,4057,126324,126326],{},[15,126323,35737],{},[15,126325,52322],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126328,126329],{},"Basic example:",[35,126331,126333],{"className":37,"code":126332,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126334,126335,126347],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126336,126337,126339,126341,126343,126345],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126338,1055],{"class":50},[44,126340,55],{"class":54},[44,126342,59],{"class":58},[44,126344,86556],{"class":62},[44,126346,66],{"class":58},[44,126348,126349,126351,126353,126355,126357,126359,126361,126363,126365,126367],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,126350,95],{"class":94},[44,126352,98],{"class":80},[44,126354,1073],{"class":84},[44,126356,81],{"class":80},[44,126358,126107],{"class":84},[44,126360,98],{"class":80},[44,126362,362],{"class":58},[44,126364,1084],{"class":62},[44,126366,362],{"class":58},[44,126368,370],{"class":80},[20,126370,107],{},[35,126372,126373],{"className":37,"code":3641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126374,126375],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126376,126377],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126378,3641],{"class":3513},[30,126380,126382],{"id":126381},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[267,126384,126385],{"id":126295},[15,126386,126295],{},[20,126388,126389,30418],{},[15,126390,126295],{},[139,126392,126393,126396],{},[142,126394,126395],{},"A single string",[142,126397,126398],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126400,126401],{},"Single suffix:",[35,126403,126405],{"className":37,"code":126404,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126406,126407,126420],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126408,126409,126411,126413,126415,126418],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126410,284],{"class":50},[44,126412,55],{"class":54},[44,126414,59],{"class":58},[44,126416,126417],{"class":62},"image.png",[44,126419,66],{"class":58},[44,126421,126422,126424,126426,126428,126430,126432,126434,126436,126439,126441],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,126423,95],{"class":94},[44,126425,98],{"class":80},[44,126427,302],{"class":84},[44,126429,81],{"class":80},[44,126431,126107],{"class":84},[44,126433,98],{"class":80},[44,126435,362],{"class":58},[44,126437,126438],{"class":62},".png",[44,126440,362],{"class":58},[44,126442,370],{"class":80},[20,126444,107],{},[35,126446,126447],{"className":37,"code":3641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126448,126449],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126450,126451],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126452,3641],{"class":3513},[20,126454,126455],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[35,126457,126459],{"className":37,"code":126458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126460,126461,126473],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126462,126463,126465,126467,126469,126471],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126464,284],{"class":50},[44,126466,55],{"class":54},[44,126468,59],{"class":58},[44,126470,126417],{"class":62},[44,126472,66],{"class":58},[44,126474,126475,126477,126479,126481,126483,126485,126487,126489,126492,126494,126496,126498,126500,126502,126504,126506,126509,126511],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,126476,95],{"class":94},[44,126478,98],{"class":80},[44,126480,302],{"class":84},[44,126482,81],{"class":80},[44,126484,126107],{"class":84},[44,126486,5175],{"class":80},[44,126488,362],{"class":58},[44,126490,126491],{"class":62},".jpg",[44,126493,362],{"class":58},[44,126495,2646],{"class":80},[44,126497,59],{"class":58},[44,126499,126438],{"class":62},[44,126501,362],{"class":58},[44,126503,2646],{"class":80},[44,126505,59],{"class":58},[44,126507,126508],{"class":62},".gif",[44,126510,362],{"class":58},[44,126512,2567],{"class":80},[20,126514,107],{},[35,126516,126517],{"className":37,"code":3641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126518,126519],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126520,126521],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126522,3641],{"class":3513},[267,126524,126525],{"id":35737},[15,126526,35737],{},[20,126528,126529,126531],{},[15,126530,35737],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[35,126533,126535],{"className":37,"code":126534,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126536,126537,126550],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126538,126539,126541,126543,126545,126548],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126540,51],{"class":50},[44,126542,55],{"class":54},[44,126544,59],{"class":58},[44,126546,126547],{"class":62},"my_report.csv",[44,126549,66],{"class":58},[44,126551,126552,126554,126556,126558,126560,126562,126564,126566,126568,126570,126572,126574],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,126553,95],{"class":94},[44,126555,98],{"class":80},[44,126557,194],{"class":84},[44,126559,81],{"class":80},[44,126561,126107],{"class":84},[44,126563,98],{"class":80},[44,126565,362],{"class":58},[44,126567,126114],{"class":62},[44,126569,362],{"class":58},[44,126571,2646],{"class":80},[44,126573,2104],{"class":1675},[44,126575,370],{"class":80},[20,126577,107],{},[35,126579,126580],{"className":37,"code":3641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126581,126582],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126583,126584],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126585,3641],{"class":3513},[20,126587,126588,126589,126591,126592,81],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126590,1714],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126593,126594],{},"\"report.csv\"",[267,126596,126597],{"id":52322},[15,126598,52322],{},[20,126600,126601,126603],{},[15,126602,52322],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[35,126605,126607],{"className":37,"code":126606,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126608,126609,126622],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126610,126611,126613,126615,126617,126620],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126612,51],{"class":50},[44,126614,55],{"class":54},[44,126616,59],{"class":58},[44,126618,126619],{"class":62},"report.csv backup",[44,126621,66],{"class":58},[44,126623,126624,126626,126628,126630,126632,126634,126636,126638,126640,126642,126644,126646,126648,126650],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,126625,95],{"class":94},[44,126627,98],{"class":80},[44,126629,194],{"class":84},[44,126631,81],{"class":80},[44,126633,126107],{"class":84},[44,126635,98],{"class":80},[44,126637,362],{"class":58},[44,126639,126114],{"class":62},[44,126641,362],{"class":58},[44,126643,2646],{"class":80},[44,126645,3495],{"class":1675},[44,126647,2646],{"class":80},[44,126649,5670],{"class":1675},[44,126651,370],{"class":80},[20,126653,107],{},[35,126655,126656],{"className":37,"code":3641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126657,126658],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126659,126660],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126661,3641],{"class":3513},[20,126663,126664,126665,126667],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126666,126594],{}," and ignores the rest.",[30,126669,17084],{"id":17083},[20,126671,126672,25176],{},[15,126673,126061],{},[139,126675,126676,126681],{},[142,126677,126678,126680],{},[15,126679,3263],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[142,126682,126683,126685],{},[15,126684,3335],{}," if it does not",[20,126687,126688,126689,6835],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,126690,525],{},[35,126692,126694],{"className":37,"code":126693,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,126695,126696,126709,126713,126734,126749,126755],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126697,126698,126700,126702,126704,126707],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126699,1055],{"class":50},[44,126701,55],{"class":54},[44,126703,59],{"class":58},[44,126705,126706],{"class":62},"data.csv",[44,126708,66],{"class":58},[44,126710,126711],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,126712,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,126714,126715,126717,126720,126722,126724,126726,126728,126730,126732],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,126716,525],{"class":524},[44,126718,126719],{"class":50}," filename",[44,126721,81],{"class":80},[44,126723,126107],{"class":84},[44,126725,98],{"class":80},[44,126727,362],{"class":58},[44,126729,126114],{"class":62},[44,126731,362],{"class":58},[44,126733,8003],{"class":80},[44,126735,126736,126738,126740,126742,126745,126747],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,126737,553],{"class":94},[44,126739,98],{"class":80},[44,126741,362],{"class":58},[44,126743,126744],{"class":62},"This is a CSV file.",[44,126746,362],{"class":58},[44,126748,104],{"class":80},[44,126750,126751,126753],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,126752,27101],{"class":524},[44,126754,548],{"class":80},[44,126756,126757,126759,126761,126763,126766,126768],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,126758,553],{"class":94},[44,126760,98],{"class":80},[44,126762,362],{"class":58},[44,126764,126765],{"class":62},"This is not a CSV file.",[44,126767,362],{"class":58},[44,126769,104],{"class":80},[20,126771,107],{},[35,126773,126775],{"className":37,"code":126774,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,126776,126777],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126778,126779,126781,126783,126785,126788,126790],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126780,49541],{"class":50},[44,126782,11856],{"class":54},[44,126784,44207],{"class":50},[44,126786,126787],{"class":605},"CSV",[44,126789,86297],{"class":86296},[44,126791,122044],{"class":80},[30,126793,126795],{"id":126794},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[267,126797,126799],{"id":126798},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[35,126801,126803],{"className":37,"code":126802,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126804,126805,126818],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126806,126807,126809,126811,126813,126816],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126808,1055],{"class":50},[44,126810,55],{"class":54},[44,126812,59],{"class":58},[44,126814,126815],{"class":62},"sales.csv",[44,126817,66],{"class":58},[44,126819,126820,126822,126824,126826,126828,126830,126832,126834,126836,126838],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,126821,95],{"class":94},[44,126823,98],{"class":80},[44,126825,1073],{"class":84},[44,126827,81],{"class":80},[44,126829,126107],{"class":84},[44,126831,98],{"class":80},[44,126833,362],{"class":58},[44,126835,126114],{"class":62},[44,126837,362],{"class":58},[44,126839,370],{"class":80},[20,126841,107],{},[35,126843,126844],{"className":37,"code":3641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126845,126846],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126847,126848],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126849,3641],{"class":3513},[267,126851,126853],{"id":126852},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[35,126855,126857],{"className":37,"code":126856,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,126858,126859,126873],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126860,126861,126864,126866,126868,126871],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126862,126863],{"class":50},"url ",[44,126865,55],{"class":54},[44,126867,59],{"class":58},[44,126869,126870],{"class":62},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[44,126872,66],{"class":58},[44,126874,126875,126877,126879,126882,126884,126886,126888,126890,126893,126895],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,126876,95],{"class":94},[44,126878,98],{"class":80},[44,126880,126881],{"class":84},"url",[44,126883,81],{"class":80},[44,126885,126107],{"class":84},[44,126887,98],{"class":80},[44,126889,362],{"class":58},[44,126891,126892],{"class":62},"\u002F",[44,126894,362],{"class":58},[44,126896,370],{"class":80},[20,126898,107],{},[35,126900,126901],{"className":37,"code":3641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126902,126903],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126904,126905],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126906,3641],{"class":3513},[267,126908,126910],{"id":126909},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[35,126912,126914],{"className":37,"code":126913,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,126915,126916,126929],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126917,126918,126920,126922,126924,126927],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126919,89666],{"class":50},[44,126921,55],{"class":54},[44,126923,59],{"class":58},[44,126925,126926],{"class":62},"Hello!",[44,126928,66],{"class":58},[44,126930,126931,126933,126935,126937,126939,126941,126943,126945,126947,126949],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,126932,95],{"class":94},[44,126934,98],{"class":80},[44,126936,89683],{"class":84},[44,126938,81],{"class":80},[44,126940,126107],{"class":84},[44,126942,98],{"class":80},[44,126944,362],{"class":58},[44,126946,89507],{"class":62},[44,126948,362],{"class":58},[44,126950,370],{"class":80},[20,126952,107],{},[35,126954,126955],{"className":37,"code":3641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126956,126957],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126958,126959],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126960,3641],{"class":3513},[267,126962,126964],{"id":126963},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[35,126966,126968],{"className":37,"code":126967,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126969,126970,126983],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126971,126972,126974,126976,126978,126981],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126973,1055],{"class":50},[44,126975,55],{"class":54},[44,126977,59],{"class":58},[44,126979,126980],{"class":62},"photo.jpg",[44,126982,66],{"class":58},[44,126984,126985,126987,126989,126991,126993,126995,126997,126999,127001,127003,127005,127007,127009,127011,127013,127015,127017,127019],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,126986,95],{"class":94},[44,126988,98],{"class":80},[44,126990,1073],{"class":84},[44,126992,81],{"class":80},[44,126994,126107],{"class":84},[44,126996,5175],{"class":80},[44,126998,362],{"class":58},[44,127000,126491],{"class":62},[44,127002,362],{"class":58},[44,127004,2646],{"class":80},[44,127006,59],{"class":58},[44,127008,126438],{"class":62},[44,127010,362],{"class":58},[44,127012,2646],{"class":80},[44,127014,59],{"class":58},[44,127016,126508],{"class":62},[44,127018,362],{"class":58},[44,127020,2567],{"class":80},[20,127022,107],{},[35,127024,127025],{"className":37,"code":3641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127026,127027],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127028,127029],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127030,3641],{"class":3513},[20,127032,127033,127034,81],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[243,127035,127036],{"href":123265},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[30,127038,123657],{"id":123656},[20,127040,127041,123468],{},[15,127042,126061],{},[20,127044,127045,127046,4057,127049,127052],{},"That means ",[15,127047,127048],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127050,127051],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[35,127054,127056],{"className":37,"code":127055,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127057,127058,127071,127075,127097],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127059,127060,127062,127064,127066,127069],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127061,1055],{"class":50},[44,127063,55],{"class":54},[44,127065,59],{"class":58},[44,127067,127068],{"class":62},"REPORT.CSV",[44,127070,66],{"class":58},[44,127072,127073],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,127074,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,127076,127077,127079,127081,127083,127085,127087,127089,127091,127093,127095],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,127078,95],{"class":94},[44,127080,98],{"class":80},[44,127082,1073],{"class":84},[44,127084,81],{"class":80},[44,127086,126107],{"class":84},[44,127088,98],{"class":80},[44,127090,362],{"class":58},[44,127092,126114],{"class":62},[44,127094,362],{"class":58},[44,127096,370],{"class":80},[44,127098,127099,127101,127103,127105,127107,127109,127111,127113,127116,127118],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,127100,95],{"class":94},[44,127102,98],{"class":80},[44,127104,1073],{"class":84},[44,127106,81],{"class":80},[44,127108,126107],{"class":84},[44,127110,98],{"class":80},[44,127112,362],{"class":58},[44,127114,127115],{"class":62},".CSV",[44,127117,362],{"class":58},[44,127119,370],{"class":80},[20,127121,107],{},[35,127123,127125],{"className":37,"code":127124,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127126,127127,127131],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127128,127129],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127130,3702],{"class":3513},[44,127132,127133],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,127134,3641],{"class":3513},[20,127136,127137,127138,81],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[243,127139,127140],{"href":1231},[15,127141,1234],{},[35,127143,127145],{"className":37,"code":127144,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127146,127147,127159],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127148,127149,127151,127153,127155,127157],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127150,1055],{"class":50},[44,127152,55],{"class":54},[44,127154,59],{"class":58},[44,127156,127068],{"class":62},[44,127158,66],{"class":58},[44,127160,127161,127163,127165,127167,127169,127171,127173,127175,127177,127179,127181,127183],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,127162,95],{"class":94},[44,127164,98],{"class":80},[44,127166,1073],{"class":84},[44,127168,81],{"class":80},[44,127170,8300],{"class":84},[44,127172,8297],{"class":80},[44,127174,126107],{"class":84},[44,127176,98],{"class":80},[44,127178,362],{"class":58},[44,127180,126114],{"class":62},[44,127182,362],{"class":58},[44,127184,370],{"class":80},[20,127186,107],{},[35,127188,127189],{"className":37,"code":3641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127190,127191],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127192,127193],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127194,3641],{"class":3513},[30,127196,127198],{"id":127197},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127200,127201],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[35,127203,127205],{"className":37,"code":127204,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127206,127207,127220],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127208,127209,127211,127213,127215,127218],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127210,1055],{"class":50},[44,127212,55],{"class":54},[44,127214,59],{"class":58},[44,127216,127217],{"class":62},"picture.gif",[44,127219,66],{"class":58},[44,127221,127222,127224,127226,127228,127230,127232,127234,127236,127238,127240,127242,127244,127246,127248,127250,127252,127254,127256],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,127223,95],{"class":94},[44,127225,98],{"class":80},[44,127227,1073],{"class":84},[44,127229,81],{"class":80},[44,127231,126107],{"class":84},[44,127233,5175],{"class":80},[44,127235,362],{"class":58},[44,127237,126491],{"class":62},[44,127239,362],{"class":58},[44,127241,2646],{"class":80},[44,127243,59],{"class":58},[44,127245,126438],{"class":62},[44,127247,362],{"class":58},[44,127249,2646],{"class":80},[44,127251,59],{"class":58},[44,127253,126508],{"class":62},[44,127255,362],{"class":58},[44,127257,2567],{"class":80},[20,127259,107],{},[35,127261,127262],{"className":37,"code":3641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127263,127264],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127265,127266],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127267,3641],{"class":3513},[20,127269,127270],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127272,767],{},[35,127274,127276],{"className":37,"code":127275,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127277,127278,127291,127326,127330],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127279,127280,127283,127285,127287,127289],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127281,127282],{"class":50},"document ",[44,127284,55],{"class":54},[44,127286,59],{"class":58},[44,127288,86556],{"class":62},[44,127290,66],{"class":58},[44,127292,127293,127296,127298,127300,127302,127304,127306,127308,127310,127313,127315,127317,127319,127322,127324],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,127294,127295],{"class":50},"allowed ",[44,127297,55],{"class":54},[44,127299,8896],{"class":80},[44,127301,362],{"class":58},[44,127303,1084],{"class":62},[44,127305,362],{"class":58},[44,127307,2646],{"class":80},[44,127309,59],{"class":58},[44,127311,127312],{"class":62},".md",[44,127314,362],{"class":58},[44,127316,2646],{"class":80},[44,127318,59],{"class":58},[44,127320,127321],{"class":62},".docx",[44,127323,362],{"class":58},[44,127325,104],{"class":80},[44,127327,127328],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,127329,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,127331,127332,127334,127336,127339,127341,127343,127345,127348],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,127333,95],{"class":94},[44,127335,98],{"class":80},[44,127337,127338],{"class":84},"document",[44,127340,81],{"class":80},[44,127342,126107],{"class":84},[44,127344,98],{"class":80},[44,127346,127347],{"class":84},"allowed",[44,127349,370],{"class":80},[20,127351,107],{},[35,127353,127354],{"className":37,"code":3641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127355,127356],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127357,127358],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127359,3641],{"class":3513},[20,127361,127362,127363,81],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[243,127364,1552,127366,1555],{"href":127365},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127367,127368],{},"startswith()",[30,127370,1238],{"id":1237},[20,127372,8108,127373,81],{},[15,127374,126061],{},[267,127376,127378],{"id":127377},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127380,4190],{},[35,127382,127384],{"className":37,"code":127383,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127385,127386,127398],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127387,127388,127390,127392,127394,127396],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127389,1055],{"class":50},[44,127391,55],{"class":54},[44,127393,59],{"class":58},[44,127395,126980],{"class":62},[44,127397,66],{"class":58},[44,127399,127400],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,127401,127402],{"class":3324},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127404,127405],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[35,127407,127409],{"className":37,"code":127408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127410,127411,127423],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127412,127413,127415,127417,127419,127421],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127414,1055],{"class":50},[44,127416,55],{"class":54},[44,127418,59],{"class":58},[44,127420,126980],{"class":62},[44,127422,66],{"class":58},[44,127424,127425,127427,127429,127431,127433,127435,127437,127439,127441,127443,127445,127447,127449,127451],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,127426,95],{"class":94},[44,127428,98],{"class":80},[44,127430,1073],{"class":84},[44,127432,81],{"class":80},[44,127434,126107],{"class":84},[44,127436,5175],{"class":80},[44,127438,362],{"class":58},[44,127440,126491],{"class":62},[44,127442,362],{"class":58},[44,127444,2646],{"class":80},[44,127446,59],{"class":58},[44,127448,126438],{"class":62},[44,127450,362],{"class":58},[44,127452,2567],{"class":80},[267,127454,127456],{"id":127455},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[35,127458,127460],{"className":37,"code":127459,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127461,127462,127474],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127463,127464,127466,127468,127470,127472],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127465,1055],{"class":50},[44,127467,55],{"class":54},[44,127469,59],{"class":58},[44,127471,127068],{"class":62},[44,127473,66],{"class":58},[44,127475,127476,127478,127480,127482,127484,127486,127488,127490,127492,127494],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,127477,95],{"class":94},[44,127479,98],{"class":80},[44,127481,1073],{"class":84},[44,127483,81],{"class":80},[44,127485,126107],{"class":84},[44,127487,98],{"class":80},[44,127489,362],{"class":58},[44,127491,126114],{"class":62},[44,127493,362],{"class":58},[44,127495,370],{"class":80},[20,127497,107],{},[35,127499,127500],{"className":37,"code":3702,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127501,127502],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127503,127504],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127505,3702],{"class":3513},[20,127507,38928],{},[35,127509,127510],{"className":37,"code":127144,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127511,127512,127524],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127513,127514,127516,127518,127520,127522],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127515,1055],{"class":50},[44,127517,55],{"class":54},[44,127519,59],{"class":58},[44,127521,127068],{"class":62},[44,127523,66],{"class":58},[44,127525,127526,127528,127530,127532,127534,127536,127538,127540,127542,127544,127546,127548],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,127527,95],{"class":94},[44,127529,98],{"class":80},[44,127531,1073],{"class":84},[44,127533,81],{"class":80},[44,127535,8300],{"class":84},[44,127537,8297],{"class":80},[44,127539,126107],{"class":84},[44,127541,98],{"class":80},[44,127543,362],{"class":58},[44,127545,126114],{"class":62},[44,127547,362],{"class":58},[44,127549,370],{"class":80},[267,127551,36869,127553,8363,127555],{"id":127552},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127554,126061],{},[15,127556,3544],{},[20,127558,127559,127561],{},[15,127560,126061],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[35,127563,127565],{"className":37,"code":127564,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127566,127567,127580,127584,127606],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127568,127569,127571,127573,127575,127578],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127570,51],{"class":50},[44,127572,55],{"class":54},[44,127574,59],{"class":58},[44,127576,127577],{"class":62},"my_report.csv.backup",[44,127579,66],{"class":58},[44,127581,127582],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,127583,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,127585,127586,127588,127590,127592,127594,127596,127598,127600,127602,127604],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,127587,95],{"class":94},[44,127589,98],{"class":80},[44,127591,194],{"class":84},[44,127593,81],{"class":80},[44,127595,126107],{"class":84},[44,127597,98],{"class":80},[44,127599,362],{"class":58},[44,127601,126114],{"class":62},[44,127603,362],{"class":58},[44,127605,370],{"class":80},[44,127607,127608,127610,127612,127614,127616,127618,127620,127622],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,127609,95],{"class":94},[44,127611,98],{"class":80},[44,127613,362],{"class":58},[44,127615,126114],{"class":62},[44,127617,362],{"class":58},[44,127619,20841],{"class":524},[44,127621,77],{"class":84},[44,127623,104],{"class":80},[20,127625,107],{},[35,127627,127628],{"className":37,"code":127124,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127629,127630,127634],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127631,127632],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127633,3702],{"class":3513},[44,127635,127636],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,127637,3641],{"class":3513},[267,127639,1246,127641,127643],{"id":127640},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127642,126061],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127645,127646,127648],{},[15,127647,126061],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[35,127650,127652],{"className":37,"code":127651,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127653,127654,127666,127688],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127655,127656,127658,127660,127662,127664],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127657,1055],{"class":50},[44,127659,55],{"class":54},[44,127661,59],{"class":58},[44,127663,126092],{"class":62},[44,127665,66],{"class":58},[44,127667,127668,127670,127672,127674,127676,127678,127680,127682,127684,127686],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,127669,95],{"class":94},[44,127671,98],{"class":80},[44,127673,1073],{"class":84},[44,127675,81],{"class":80},[44,127677,126107],{"class":84},[44,127679,98],{"class":80},[44,127681,362],{"class":58},[44,127683,126114],{"class":62},[44,127685,362],{"class":58},[44,127687,370],{"class":80},[44,127689,127690,127692,127694,127696],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,127691,95],{"class":94},[44,127693,98],{"class":80},[44,127695,1073],{"class":84},[44,127697,104],{"class":80},[20,127699,107],{},[35,127701,127703],{"className":37,"code":127702,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,127704,127705,127709],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127706,127707],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127708,3641],{"class":3513},[44,127710,127711,127714,127716],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,127712,127713],{"class":50},"report",[44,127715,81],{"class":80},[44,127717,127718],{"class":1467},"csv\n",[20,127720,127721,127722,81],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[243,127723,127724],{"href":124176},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,127726,65726],{},[139,127728,127729,127732,127735,127738],{},[142,127730,127731],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[142,127733,127734],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[142,127736,127737],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[142,127739,675,127740,44292,127742,2532,127744,111209],{},[15,127741,126061],{},[15,127743,859],{},[15,127745,17],{},[20,127747,29803],{},[35,127749,127751],{"className":37,"code":127750,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,127752,127753,127763,127777,127799,127825],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127754,127755,127757,127759,127761],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127756,95],{"class":94},[44,127758,98],{"class":80},[44,127760,194],{"class":84},[44,127762,104],{"class":80},[44,127764,127765,127767,127769,127771,127773,127775],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,127766,95],{"class":94},[44,127768,98],{"class":80},[44,127770,617],{"class":94},[44,127772,98],{"class":80},[44,127774,194],{"class":84},[44,127776,370],{"class":80},[44,127778,127779,127781,127783,127785,127787,127789,127791,127793,127795,127797],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,127780,95],{"class":94},[44,127782,98],{"class":80},[44,127784,194],{"class":84},[44,127786,81],{"class":80},[44,127788,126107],{"class":84},[44,127790,98],{"class":80},[44,127792,655],{"class":58},[44,127794,126114],{"class":62},[44,127796,655],{"class":58},[44,127798,370],{"class":80},[44,127800,127801,127803,127805,127807,127809,127811,127813,127815,127817,127819,127821,127823],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,127802,95],{"class":94},[44,127804,98],{"class":80},[44,127806,194],{"class":84},[44,127808,81],{"class":80},[44,127810,8300],{"class":84},[44,127812,8297],{"class":80},[44,127814,126107],{"class":84},[44,127816,98],{"class":80},[44,127818,655],{"class":58},[44,127820,126114],{"class":62},[44,127822,655],{"class":58},[44,127824,370],{"class":80},[44,127826,127827,127829,127831,127833,127835,127837],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,127828,95],{"class":94},[44,127830,98],{"class":80},[44,127832,2880],{"class":1461},[44,127834,98],{"class":80},[44,127836,194],{"class":84},[44,127838,370],{"class":80},[30,127840,1478],{"id":1477},[267,127842,1482,127844,127846],{"id":127843},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,127845,126061],{}," change the string?",[20,127848,127849,127850,2532,127852,81],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,127851,3263],{},[15,127853,3335],{},[267,127855,4832,127857,127859],{"id":127856},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,127858,126061],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,127861,127862,127863,81],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,127864,127865],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[267,127867,14566,127869,124342],{"id":127868},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,127870,126061],{},[20,127872,1535,127873,2532,127875,127878],{},[15,127874,1234],{},[15,127876,127877],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[267,127880,4842,127882,4057,127884,1520],{"id":127881},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,127883,126061],{},[15,127885,124003],{},[20,127887,127888,127890,127891,127893],{},[15,127889,126061],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,127892,124003],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[30,127895,1545],{"id":1544},[139,127897,127898,127904,127910,127914,127918],{},[142,127899,127900],{},[243,127901,1552,127902,1555],{"href":127365},[15,127903,127368],{},[142,127905,127906],{},[243,127907,1552,127908,1555],{"href":1231},[15,127909,1234],{},[142,127911,127912],{},[243,127913,124405],{"href":123265},[142,127915,127916],{},[243,127917,124412],{"href":124176},[142,127919,127920],{},[243,127921,246],{"href":245},[1577,127923,127924],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":127926},[127927,127928,127930,127931,127936,127937,127943,127944,127945,127953,127963],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":126166,"depth":69,"text":127929},"What endswith() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":126381,"depth":69,"text":126382,"children":127932},[127933,127934,127935],{"id":126295,"depth":91,"text":126295},{"id":35737,"depth":91,"text":35737},{"id":52322,"depth":91,"text":52322},{"id":17083,"depth":69,"text":17084},{"id":126794,"depth":69,"text":126795,"children":127938},[127939,127940,127941,127942],{"id":126798,"depth":91,"text":126799},{"id":126852,"depth":91,"text":126853},{"id":126909,"depth":91,"text":126910},{"id":126963,"depth":91,"text":126964},{"id":123656,"depth":69,"text":123657},{"id":127197,"depth":69,"text":127198},{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238,"children":127946},[127947,127948,127949,127951],{"id":127377,"depth":91,"text":127378},{"id":127455,"depth":91,"text":127456},{"id":127552,"depth":91,"text":127950},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127640,"depth":91,"text":127952},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":127954},[127955,127957,127959,127961],{"id":127843,"depth":91,"text":127956},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":127856,"depth":91,"text":127958},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":127868,"depth":91,"text":127960},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":127881,"depth":91,"text":127962},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126053,"description":127964},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":127971,"title":127972,"body":127973,"description":129640,"extension":1611,"meta":129641,"navigation":184,"path":129642,"seo":129643,"stem":129644,"__hash__":129645},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":127974,"toc":129613},[127975,127980,127985,127990,127995,128088,128098,128103,128108,128123,128125,128207,128215,128217,128219,128246,128248,128264,128271,128273,128381,128383,128388,128404,128406,128501,128509,128512,128518,128523,128528,128535,128674,128677,128690,128692,128696,128703,128773,128776,128825,128832,128839,128853,128858,128863,128909,128955,128971,128973,128978,128992,128995,129117,129122,129124,129129,129162,129165,129241,129243,129252,129266,129269,129353,129356,129467,129470,129498,129500,129507,129511,129517,129520,129526,129529,129536,129547,129553,129560,129562,129610],[10,127976,13,127978,18],{"id":127977},"python-string-find-method",[15,127979,124003],{},[20,127981,123015,127982,127984],{},[15,127983,124003],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,127986,127987,127988,81],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,127989,65517],{},[20,127991,119,127992,127994],{},[15,127993,124003],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[35,127996,127998],{"className":37,"code":127997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,127999,128000,128012,128035,128048,128052,128075],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128001,128002,128004,128006,128008,128010],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128003,51],{"class":50},[44,128005,55],{"class":54},[44,128007,59],{"class":58},[44,128009,60069],{"class":62},[44,128011,66],{"class":58},[44,128013,128014,128016,128018,128020,128022,128025,128027,128029,128031,128033],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,128015,64582],{"class":50},[44,128017,55],{"class":54},[44,128019,77],{"class":50},[44,128021,81],{"class":80},[44,128023,128024],{"class":84},"find",[44,128026,98],{"class":80},[44,128028,362],{"class":58},[44,128030,60254],{"class":62},[44,128032,362],{"class":58},[44,128034,104],{"class":80},[44,128036,128037,128039,128041,128043,128045],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,128038,95],{"class":94},[44,128040,98],{"class":80},[44,128042,64609],{"class":84},[44,128044,3321],{"class":80},[44,128046,128047],{"class":3324},"   # 6\n",[44,128049,128050],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,128051,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,128053,128054,128057,128059,128061,128063,128065,128067,128069,128071,128073],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,128055,128056],{"class":50},"missing ",[44,128058,55],{"class":54},[44,128060,77],{"class":50},[44,128062,81],{"class":80},[44,128064,128024],{"class":84},[44,128066,98],{"class":80},[44,128068,362],{"class":58},[44,128070,39],{"class":62},[44,128072,362],{"class":58},[44,128074,104],{"class":80},[44,128076,128077,128079,128081,128083,128085],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,128078,95],{"class":94},[44,128080,98],{"class":80},[44,128082,26440],{"class":84},[44,128084,3321],{"class":80},[44,128086,128087],{"class":3324},"    # -1\n",[43242,128089,128090],{},[20,128091,119,128092,128094,128095,128097],{},[15,128093,124003],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128096,65517],{}," if the substring is not found.",[30,128099,126,128101,129],{"id":128100},"what-find-does",[15,128102,124003],{},[20,128104,128105,128107],{},[15,128106,124003],{}," is a string method that:",[139,128109,128110,128113,128116,128121],{},[142,128111,128112],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[142,128114,128115],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[142,128117,11084,128118,128120],{},[15,128119,65517],{}," if no match is found",[142,128122,126186],{},[20,128124,161],{},[35,128126,128128],{"className":37,"code":128127,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128129,128130,128142,128146,128170,128194],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128131,128132,128134,128136,128138,128140],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128133,51],{"class":50},[44,128135,55],{"class":54},[44,128137,59],{"class":58},[44,128139,3750],{"class":62},[44,128141,66],{"class":58},[44,128143,128144],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,128145,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,128147,128148,128150,128152,128154,128156,128158,128160,128162,128164,128166,128168],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,128149,95],{"class":94},[44,128151,98],{"class":80},[44,128153,194],{"class":84},[44,128155,81],{"class":80},[44,128157,128024],{"class":84},[44,128159,98],{"class":80},[44,128161,362],{"class":58},[44,128163,123103],{"class":62},[44,128165,362],{"class":58},[44,128167,5025],{"class":80},[44,128169,57307],{"class":3324},[44,128171,128172,128174,128176,128178,128180,128182,128184,128186,128188,128190,128192],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,128173,95],{"class":94},[44,128175,98],{"class":80},[44,128177,194],{"class":84},[44,128179,81],{"class":80},[44,128181,128024],{"class":84},[44,128183,98],{"class":80},[44,128185,362],{"class":58},[44,128187,1110],{"class":62},[44,128189,362],{"class":58},[44,128191,5025],{"class":80},[44,128193,128087],{"class":3324},[44,128195,128196,128198,128200,128202,128204],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,128197,95],{"class":94},[44,128199,98],{"class":80},[44,128201,194],{"class":84},[44,128203,3321],{"class":80},[44,128205,128206],{"class":3324},"              # banana\n",[20,128208,20438,128209,128212,128213,81],{},[15,128210,128211],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128214,1708],{},[30,128216,250],{"id":249},[20,128218,1812],{},[35,128220,128222],{"className":37,"code":128221,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128223,128224],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128225,128226,128228,128230,128232,128234,128236,128238,128240,128242,128244],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128227,60837],{"class":50},[44,128229,81],{"class":80},[44,128231,128024],{"class":84},[44,128233,98],{"class":80},[44,128235,2126],{"class":84},[44,128237,2646],{"class":80},[44,128239,35716],{"class":84},[44,128241,2646],{"class":80},[44,128243,64703],{"class":84},[44,128245,104],{"class":80},[267,128247,17060],{"id":17059},[139,128249,128250,128254,128259],{},[142,128251,128252,123202],{},[15,128253,2126],{},[142,128255,128256,128258],{},[15,128257,35737],{},": optional starting position",[142,128260,128261,128263],{},[15,128262,52322],{},": optional ending position",[20,128265,128266,4057,128268,128270],{},[15,128267,35737],{},[15,128269,52322],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128272,126329],{},[35,128274,128276],{"className":37,"code":128275,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128277,128278,128290,128294,128319,128348],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128279,128280,128282,128284,128286,128288],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128281,51],{"class":50},[44,128283,55],{"class":54},[44,128285,59],{"class":58},[44,128287,60069],{"class":62},[44,128289,66],{"class":58},[44,128291,128292],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,128293,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,128295,128296,128298,128300,128302,128304,128306,128308,128310,128312,128314,128316],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,128297,95],{"class":94},[44,128299,98],{"class":80},[44,128301,194],{"class":84},[44,128303,81],{"class":80},[44,128305,128024],{"class":84},[44,128307,98],{"class":80},[44,128309,362],{"class":58},[44,128311,60136],{"class":62},[44,128313,362],{"class":58},[44,128315,5025],{"class":80},[44,128317,128318],{"class":3324},"        # 4\n",[44,128320,128321,128323,128325,128327,128329,128331,128333,128335,128337,128339,128341,128343,128345],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,128322,95],{"class":94},[44,128324,98],{"class":80},[44,128326,194],{"class":84},[44,128328,81],{"class":80},[44,128330,128024],{"class":84},[44,128332,98],{"class":80},[44,128334,362],{"class":58},[44,128336,60136],{"class":62},[44,128338,362],{"class":58},[44,128340,2646],{"class":80},[44,128342,4270],{"class":1675},[44,128344,5025],{"class":80},[44,128346,128347],{"class":3324},"     # 7\n",[44,128349,128350,128352,128354,128356,128358,128360,128362,128364,128366,128368,128370,128372,128374,128376,128378],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,128351,95],{"class":94},[44,128353,98],{"class":80},[44,128355,194],{"class":84},[44,128357,81],{"class":80},[44,128359,128024],{"class":84},[44,128361,98],{"class":80},[44,128363,362],{"class":58},[44,128365,60136],{"class":62},[44,128367,362],{"class":58},[44,128369,2646],{"class":80},[44,128371,4270],{"class":1675},[44,128373,2646],{"class":80},[44,128375,5659],{"class":1675},[44,128377,5025],{"class":80},[44,128379,128380],{"class":3324},"  # -1\n",[30,128382,37686],{"id":37685},[20,128384,57206,128385,128387],{},[15,128386,124003],{}," is always an integer.",[139,128389,128390,128396,128399],{},[142,128391,128392,128393,128395],{},"A number ",[15,128394,1772],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[142,128397,128398],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[142,128400,128401,128403],{},[15,128402,65517],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128405,161],{},[35,128407,128409],{"className":37,"code":128408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128410,128411,128423,128427,128452,128477],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128412,128413,128415,128417,128419,128421],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128414,51],{"class":50},[44,128416,55],{"class":54},[44,128418,59],{"class":58},[44,128420,39],{"class":62},[44,128422,66],{"class":58},[44,128424,128425],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,128426,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,128428,128429,128431,128433,128435,128437,128439,128441,128443,128446,128448,128450],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,128430,95],{"class":94},[44,128432,98],{"class":80},[44,128434,194],{"class":84},[44,128436,81],{"class":80},[44,128438,128024],{"class":84},[44,128440,98],{"class":80},[44,128442,362],{"class":58},[44,128444,128445],{"class":62},"py",[44,128447,362],{"class":58},[44,128449,5025],{"class":80},[44,128451,20435],{"class":3324},[44,128453,128454,128456,128458,128460,128462,128464,128466,128468,128471,128473,128475],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,128455,95],{"class":94},[44,128457,98],{"class":80},[44,128459,194],{"class":84},[44,128461,81],{"class":80},[44,128463,128024],{"class":84},[44,128465,98],{"class":80},[44,128467,362],{"class":58},[44,128469,128470],{"class":62},"th",[44,128472,362],{"class":58},[44,128474,5025],{"class":80},[44,128476,57307],{"class":3324},[44,128478,128479,128481,128483,128485,128487,128489,128491,128493,128495,128497,128499],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,128480,95],{"class":94},[44,128482,98],{"class":80},[44,128484,194],{"class":84},[44,128486,81],{"class":80},[44,128488,128024],{"class":84},[44,128490,98],{"class":80},[44,128492,362],{"class":58},[44,128494,21744],{"class":62},[44,128496,362],{"class":58},[44,128498,5025],{"class":80},[44,128500,128087],{"class":3324},[20,128502,89569,128503,8116,128505,2532,128507,81],{},[15,128504,124003],{},[15,128506,3263],{},[15,128508,3335],{},[20,128510,128511],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[30,128513,675,128514,4057,128516],{"id":65069},[15,128515,35737],{},[15,128517,52322],{},[20,128519,119,128520,128522],{},[15,128521,35737],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128524,119,128525,128527],{},[15,128526,52322],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128529,1628,128530,75125,128532,128534],{},[15,128531,52322],{},[830,128533,64732],{}," in the search.",[35,128536,128538],{"className":37,"code":128537,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128539,128540,128553,128557,128581,128610,128642],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128541,128542,128544,128546,128548,128551],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128543,51],{"class":50},[44,128545,55],{"class":54},[44,128547,59],{"class":58},[44,128549,128550],{"class":62},"one two three two",[44,128552,66],{"class":58},[44,128554,128555],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,128556,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,128558,128559,128561,128563,128565,128567,128569,128571,128573,128575,128577,128579],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,128560,95],{"class":94},[44,128562,98],{"class":80},[44,128564,194],{"class":84},[44,128566,81],{"class":80},[44,128568,128024],{"class":84},[44,128570,98],{"class":80},[44,128572,362],{"class":58},[44,128574,78934],{"class":62},[44,128576,362],{"class":58},[44,128578,5025],{"class":80},[44,128580,128318],{"class":3324},[44,128582,128583,128585,128587,128589,128591,128593,128595,128597,128599,128601,128603,128605,128607],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,128584,95],{"class":94},[44,128586,98],{"class":80},[44,128588,194],{"class":84},[44,128590,81],{"class":80},[44,128592,128024],{"class":84},[44,128594,98],{"class":80},[44,128596,362],{"class":58},[44,128598,78934],{"class":62},[44,128600,362],{"class":58},[44,128602,2646],{"class":80},[44,128604,4270],{"class":1675},[44,128606,5025],{"class":80},[44,128608,128609],{"class":3324},"     # 14\n",[44,128611,128612,128614,128616,128618,128620,128622,128624,128626,128628,128630,128632,128634,128636,128638,128640],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,128613,95],{"class":94},[44,128615,98],{"class":80},[44,128617,194],{"class":84},[44,128619,81],{"class":80},[44,128621,128024],{"class":84},[44,128623,98],{"class":80},[44,128625,362],{"class":58},[44,128627,78934],{"class":62},[44,128629,362],{"class":58},[44,128631,2646],{"class":80},[44,128633,3495],{"class":1675},[44,128635,2646],{"class":80},[44,128637,5659],{"class":1675},[44,128639,5025],{"class":80},[44,128641,50598],{"class":3324},[44,128643,128644,128646,128648,128650,128652,128654,128656,128658,128660,128662,128664,128666,128668,128670,128672],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,128645,95],{"class":94},[44,128647,98],{"class":80},[44,128649,194],{"class":84},[44,128651,81],{"class":80},[44,128653,128024],{"class":84},[44,128655,98],{"class":80},[44,128657,362],{"class":58},[44,128659,78934],{"class":62},[44,128661,362],{"class":58},[44,128663,2646],{"class":80},[44,128665,3495],{"class":1675},[44,128667,2646],{"class":80},[44,128669,2110],{"class":1675},[44,128671,5025],{"class":80},[44,128673,128380],{"class":3324},[20,128675,128676],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,128678,128679,128680,54730,128684,81],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[243,128681,128683],{"href":128682},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[243,128685,128687,128689],{"href":128686},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,128688,60194],{}," string method",[30,128691,123657],{"id":123656},[20,128693,128694,123468],{},[15,128695,124003],{},[20,128697,127045,128698,4057,128700,128702],{},[15,128699,90077],{},[15,128701,64197],{}," are treated as different text.",[35,128704,128706],{"className":37,"code":128705,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,128707,128708,128721,128725,128749],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128709,128710,128712,128714,128716,128719],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128711,51],{"class":50},[44,128713,55],{"class":54},[44,128715,59],{"class":58},[44,128717,128718],{"class":62},"Hello World",[44,128720,66],{"class":58},[44,128722,128723],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,128724,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,128726,128727,128729,128731,128733,128735,128737,128739,128741,128743,128745,128747],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,128728,95],{"class":94},[44,128730,98],{"class":80},[44,128732,194],{"class":84},[44,128734,81],{"class":80},[44,128736,128024],{"class":84},[44,128738,98],{"class":80},[44,128740,362],{"class":58},[44,128742,34530],{"class":62},[44,128744,362],{"class":58},[44,128746,5025],{"class":80},[44,128748,50909],{"class":3324},[44,128750,128751,128753,128755,128757,128759,128761,128763,128765,128767,128769,128771],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,128752,95],{"class":94},[44,128754,98],{"class":80},[44,128756,194],{"class":84},[44,128758,81],{"class":80},[44,128760,128024],{"class":84},[44,128762,98],{"class":80},[44,128764,362],{"class":58},[44,128766,986],{"class":62},[44,128768,362],{"class":58},[44,128770,5025],{"class":80},[44,128772,128380],{"class":3324},[20,128774,128775],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[35,128777,128779],{"className":37,"code":128778,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,128780,128781,128793,128797],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128782,128783,128785,128787,128789,128791],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128784,51],{"class":50},[44,128786,55],{"class":54},[44,128788,59],{"class":58},[44,128790,128718],{"class":62},[44,128792,66],{"class":58},[44,128794,128795],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,128796,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,128798,128799,128801,128803,128805,128807,128809,128811,128813,128815,128817,128819,128821,128823],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,128800,95],{"class":94},[44,128802,98],{"class":80},[44,128804,194],{"class":84},[44,128806,81],{"class":80},[44,128808,8300],{"class":84},[44,128810,8297],{"class":80},[44,128812,128024],{"class":84},[44,128814,98],{"class":80},[44,128816,362],{"class":58},[44,128818,986],{"class":62},[44,128820,362],{"class":58},[44,128822,5025],{"class":80},[44,128824,50909],{"class":3324},[30,128826,128828,866,128830],{"id":128827},"find-vs-index",[15,128829,124003],{},[15,128831,58630],{},[20,128833,128834,4057,128836,128838],{},[15,128835,124003],{},[15,128837,58630],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[139,128840,128841,128847],{},[142,128842,128843,2049,128845],{},[15,128844,124003],{},[15,128846,65517],{},[142,128848,128849,52156,128851],{},[15,128850,58630],{},[15,128852,40371],{},[20,128854,119,128855,128857],{},[15,128856,124003],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,128859,119,128860,128862],{},[15,128861,58630],{}," when the value must exist.",[35,128864,128866],{"className":37,"code":128865,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,128867,128868,128880,128884],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128869,128870,128872,128874,128876,128878],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128871,51],{"class":50},[44,128873,55],{"class":54},[44,128875,59],{"class":58},[44,128877,986],{"class":62},[44,128879,66],{"class":58},[44,128881,128882],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,128883,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,128885,128886,128888,128890,128892,128894,128896,128898,128900,128902,128904,128906],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,128887,95],{"class":94},[44,128889,98],{"class":80},[44,128891,194],{"class":84},[44,128893,81],{"class":80},[44,128895,128024],{"class":84},[44,128897,98],{"class":80},[44,128899,362],{"class":58},[44,128901,1110],{"class":62},[44,128903,362],{"class":58},[44,128905,5025],{"class":80},[44,128907,128908],{"class":3324},"   # -1\n",[35,128910,128912],{"className":37,"code":128911,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,128913,128914,128926,128930],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128915,128916,128918,128920,128922,128924],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128917,51],{"class":50},[44,128919,55],{"class":54},[44,128921,59],{"class":58},[44,128923,986],{"class":62},[44,128925,66],{"class":58},[44,128927,128928],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,128929,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,128931,128932,128934,128936,128938,128940,128942,128944,128946,128948,128950,128952],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,128933,95],{"class":94},[44,128935,98],{"class":80},[44,128937,194],{"class":84},[44,128939,81],{"class":80},[44,128941,35510],{"class":84},[44,128943,98],{"class":80},[44,128945,362],{"class":58},[44,128947,1110],{"class":62},[44,128949,362],{"class":58},[44,128951,5025],{"class":80},[44,128953,128954],{"class":3324},"  # ValueError\n",[20,128956,128957,128958,128962,128963,128965,128966,81],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[243,128959,128960,128689],{"href":124028},[15,128961,58630],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,128964,58630],{},", read ",[243,128967,25347,128968],{"href":73145},[15,128969,128970],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[30,128972,40713],{"id":40712},[20,128974,35069,128975,128977],{},[15,128976,124003],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[139,128979,128980,128983,128986,128989],{},[142,128981,128982],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[142,128984,128985],{},"Get the position of a word",[142,128987,128988],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[142,128990,128991],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,128993,128994],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[35,128996,128998],{"className":37,"code":128997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,128999,129000,129013,129036,129040,129055,129071,129090,129104],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129001,129002,129004,129006,129008,129011],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129003,51],{"class":50},[44,129005,55],{"class":54},[44,129007,59],{"class":58},[44,129009,129010],{"class":62},"name:Alice",[44,129012,66],{"class":58},[44,129014,129015,129018,129020,129022,129024,129026,129028,129030,129032,129034],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,129016,129017],{"class":50},"colon_pos ",[44,129019,55],{"class":54},[44,129021,77],{"class":50},[44,129023,81],{"class":80},[44,129025,128024],{"class":84},[44,129027,98],{"class":80},[44,129029,362],{"class":58},[44,129031,2539],{"class":62},[44,129033,362],{"class":58},[44,129035,104],{"class":80},[44,129037,129038],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,129039,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,129041,129042,129044,129047,129049,129051,129053],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,129043,525],{"class":524},[44,129045,129046],{"class":50}," colon_pos ",[44,129048,72255],{"class":54},[44,129050,1872],{"class":54},[44,129052,2643],{"class":1675},[44,129054,548],{"class":80},[44,129056,129057,129060,129062,129064,129066,129069],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,129058,129059],{"class":50},"    label ",[44,129061,55],{"class":54},[44,129063,77],{"class":50},[44,129065,75198],{"class":80},[44,129067,129068],{"class":50},"colon_pos",[44,129070,3294],{"class":80},[44,129072,129073,129075,129077,129079,129081,129083,129085,129087],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,129074,27068],{"class":50},[44,129076,55],{"class":54},[44,129078,77],{"class":50},[44,129080,3561],{"class":80},[44,129082,129017],{"class":50},[44,129084,1711],{"class":54},[44,129086,5162],{"class":1675},[44,129088,129089],{"class":80},":]\n",[44,129091,129092,129094,129096,129099,129101],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,129093,553],{"class":94},[44,129095,98],{"class":80},[44,129097,129098],{"class":84},"label",[44,129100,3321],{"class":80},[44,129102,129103],{"class":3324},"  # name\n",[44,129105,129106,129108,129110,129112,129114],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,129107,553],{"class":94},[44,129109,98],{"class":80},[44,129111,2126],{"class":84},[44,129113,3321],{"class":80},[44,129115,129116],{"class":3324},"  # Alice\n",[20,129118,129119,129120,81],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[243,129121,127036],{"href":123265},[30,129123,1238],{"id":1237},[20,129125,129126,129127,2539],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129128,124003],{},[139,129130,129131,129140,129146,129151,129157],{},[142,129132,1246,129133,8116,129135,2532,129137,129139],{},[15,129134,124003],{},[15,129136,3263],{},[15,129138,3335],{}," instead of an index",[142,129141,129142,129143,129145],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129144,65517],{}," when the substring is missing",[142,129147,675,129148,129150],{},[15,129149,124003],{}," without handling case differences",[142,129152,36869,129153,8363,129155],{},[15,129154,124003],{},[15,129156,58630],{},[142,129158,4244,129159,129161],{},[15,129160,124003],{}," changes the string",[20,129163,129164],{},"Example of a mistake:",[35,129166,129168],{"className":37,"code":129167,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129169,129170,129182,129186,129206,129221,129227],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129171,129172,129174,129176,129178,129180],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129173,51],{"class":50},[44,129175,55],{"class":54},[44,129177,59],{"class":58},[44,129179,986],{"class":62},[44,129181,66],{"class":58},[44,129183,129184],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,129185,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,129187,129188,129190,129192,129194,129196,129198,129200,129202,129204],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,129189,525],{"class":524},[44,129191,77],{"class":50},[44,129193,81],{"class":80},[44,129195,128024],{"class":84},[44,129197,98],{"class":80},[44,129199,362],{"class":58},[44,129201,60101],{"class":62},[44,129203,362],{"class":58},[44,129205,8003],{"class":80},[44,129207,129208,129210,129212,129214,129217,129219],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,129209,553],{"class":94},[44,129211,98],{"class":80},[44,129213,362],{"class":58},[44,129215,129216],{"class":62},"Found",[44,129218,362],{"class":58},[44,129220,104],{"class":80},[44,129222,129223,129225],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,129224,27101],{"class":524},[44,129226,548],{"class":80},[44,129228,129229,129231,129233,129235,129237,129239],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,129230,553],{"class":94},[44,129232,98],{"class":80},[44,129234,362],{"class":58},[44,129236,25983],{"class":62},[44,129238,362],{"class":58},[44,129240,104],{"class":80},[20,129242,99575],{},[35,129244,129246],{"className":37,"code":129245,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Not found\n",[15,129247,129248],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129249,129250],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129251,129245],{"class":50},[20,129253,45366,129254,129257,129258,16737,129260,129262,129263,129265],{},[15,129255,129256],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129259,1772],{},[15,129261,1772],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129264,525],{}," statement.",[20,129267,129268],{},"A safer version is:",[35,129270,129272],{"className":37,"code":129271,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129273,129274,129286,129290,129319,129333,129339],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129275,129276,129278,129280,129282,129284],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129277,51],{"class":50},[44,129279,55],{"class":54},[44,129281,59],{"class":58},[44,129283,986],{"class":62},[44,129285,66],{"class":58},[44,129287,129288],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,129289,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,129291,129292,129294,129296,129298,129300,129302,129304,129306,129308,129310,129313,129315,129317],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,129293,525],{"class":524},[44,129295,77],{"class":50},[44,129297,81],{"class":80},[44,129299,128024],{"class":84},[44,129301,98],{"class":80},[44,129303,362],{"class":58},[44,129305,60101],{"class":62},[44,129307,362],{"class":58},[44,129309,3321],{"class":80},[44,129311,129312],{"class":54}," !=",[44,129314,1872],{"class":54},[44,129316,2643],{"class":1675},[44,129318,548],{"class":80},[44,129320,129321,129323,129325,129327,129329,129331],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,129322,553],{"class":94},[44,129324,98],{"class":80},[44,129326,362],{"class":58},[44,129328,129216],{"class":62},[44,129330,362],{"class":58},[44,129332,104],{"class":80},[44,129334,129335,129337],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,129336,27101],{"class":524},[44,129338,548],{"class":80},[44,129340,129341,129343,129345,129347,129349,129351],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,129342,553],{"class":94},[44,129344,98],{"class":80},[44,129346,362],{"class":58},[44,129348,25983],{"class":62},[44,129350,362],{"class":58},[44,129352,104],{"class":80},[20,129354,129355],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[35,129357,129359],{"className":37,"code":129358,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129360,129361,129383,129397,129423,129437],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129362,129363,129365,129367,129369,129371,129373,129375,129377,129379,129381],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129364,95],{"class":94},[44,129366,98],{"class":80},[44,129368,194],{"class":84},[44,129370,81],{"class":80},[44,129372,128024],{"class":84},[44,129374,98],{"class":80},[44,129376,655],{"class":58},[44,129378,38057],{"class":62},[44,129380,655],{"class":58},[44,129382,370],{"class":80},[44,129384,129385,129387,129389,129391,129393,129395],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,129386,95],{"class":94},[44,129388,98],{"class":80},[44,129390,617],{"class":94},[44,129392,98],{"class":80},[44,129394,194],{"class":84},[44,129396,370],{"class":80},[44,129398,129399,129401,129403,129405,129407,129409,129411,129413,129415,129417,129419,129421],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,129400,95],{"class":94},[44,129402,98],{"class":80},[44,129404,194],{"class":84},[44,129406,81],{"class":80},[44,129408,8300],{"class":84},[44,129410,8297],{"class":80},[44,129412,128024],{"class":84},[44,129414,98],{"class":80},[44,129416,655],{"class":58},[44,129418,38057],{"class":62},[44,129420,655],{"class":58},[44,129422,370],{"class":80},[44,129424,129425,129427,129429,129431,129433,129435],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,129426,95],{"class":94},[44,129428,98],{"class":80},[44,129430,10822],{"class":94},[44,129432,98],{"class":80},[44,129434,194],{"class":84},[44,129436,370],{"class":80},[44,129438,129439,129441,129443,129445,129447,129449,129451,129453,129455,129457,129459,129461,129463,129465],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,129440,95],{"class":94},[44,129442,98],{"class":80},[44,129444,194],{"class":84},[44,129446,81],{"class":80},[44,129448,128024],{"class":84},[44,129450,98],{"class":80},[44,129452,655],{"class":58},[44,129454,38057],{"class":62},[44,129456,655],{"class":58},[44,129458,2646],{"class":80},[44,129460,35716],{"class":84},[44,129462,2646],{"class":80},[44,129464,64703],{"class":84},[44,129466,370],{"class":80},[20,129468,129469],{},"These help you check:",[139,129471,129472,129477,129482,129487,129490],{},[142,129473,129474,129475],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129476,124003],{},[142,129478,129479,129480],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129481,678],{},[142,129483,129484,129485],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129486,1234],{},[142,129488,129489],{},"The string length",[142,129491,129492,129493,4057,129495,129497],{},"Whether your ",[15,129494,35737],{},[15,129496,52322],{}," values are correct",[30,129499,1478],{"id":1477},[267,129501,129503,129504,129506],{"id":129502},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129505,124003],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129508,4810,129509,81],{},[15,129510,65517],{},[267,129512,1482,129514,129516],{"id":129513},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129515,124003],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129518,129519],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[267,129521,129523,129524,124342],{"id":129522},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129525,124003],{},[20,129527,129528],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[267,129530,4842,129532,4057,129534,69318],{"id":129531},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129533,124003],{},[15,129535,58630],{},[20,129537,129538,2049,129540,129542,129543,52156,129545,81],{},[15,129539,124003],{},[15,129541,65517],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129544,58630],{},[15,129546,40371],{},[267,129548,27996,129550,129552],{"id":129549},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129551,124003],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129554,129555,129556,4057,129558,65816],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129557,35737],{},[15,129559,52322],{},[30,129561,1545],{"id":1544},[139,129563,129564,129570,129576,129582,129588,129595,129599,129604],{},[142,129565,129566],{},[243,129567,1552,129568,1555],{"href":124028},[15,129569,58630],{},[142,129571,129572],{},[243,129573,1552,129574,1555],{"href":128686},[15,129575,60194],{},[142,129577,129578],{},[243,129579,1552,129580,1555],{"href":856},[15,129581,859],{},[142,129583,129584],{},[243,129585,1552,129586,1555],{"href":127365},[15,129587,127368],{},[142,129589,129590],{},[243,129591,1552,129593,1555],{"href":129592},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129594,126061],{},[142,129596,129597],{},[243,129598,124405],{"href":123265},[142,129600,129601],{},[243,129602,129603],{"href":128682},"How to split a string in Python",[142,129605,129606],{},[243,129607,25790,129608],{"href":73145},[15,129609,128970],{},[1577,129611,129612],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":129614},[129615,129617,129620,129621,129622,129623,129625,129626,129627,129639],{"id":128100,"depth":69,"text":129616},"What find() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250,"children":129618},[129619],{"id":17059,"depth":91,"text":17060},{"id":37685,"depth":69,"text":37686},{"id":65069,"depth":69,"text":65852},{"id":123656,"depth":69,"text":123657},{"id":128827,"depth":69,"text":129624},"find() vs index()",{"id":40712,"depth":69,"text":40713},{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":129628},[129629,129631,129633,129635,129637],{"id":129502,"depth":91,"text":129630},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129513,"depth":91,"text":129632},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129522,"depth":91,"text":129634},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129531,"depth":91,"text":129636},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129549,"depth":91,"text":129638},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":127972,"description":129640},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129647,"title":129648,"body":129649,"description":131573,"extension":1611,"meta":131574,"navigation":184,"path":131575,"seo":131576,"stem":131577,"__hash__":131578},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129650,"toc":131541},[129651,129656,129661,129664,129666,129742,129746,129774,129782,129786,129791,129795,129812,129814,129881,129885,129907,129915,129917,129920,129944,129947,129961,129963,130048,130052,130064,130067,130071,130077,130127,130131,130148,130157,130160,130168,130171,130220,130224,130249,130252,130307,130311,130323,130329,130333,130339,130344,130411,130415,130441,130444,130455,130457,130524,130528,130553,130560,130564,130569,130576,130584,130586,130638,130642,130660,130662,130707,130711,130726,130729,130739,130746,130748,130752,130755,130766,130768,130828,130832,130860,130863,130869,130874,130877,130881,130925,130928,130966,130969,130977,130979,130984,130988,130991,131039,131042,131045,131101,131105,131110,131113,131162,131164,131213,131218,131223,131225,131272,131276,131289,131291,131342,131347,131350,131354,131357,131363,131368,131370,131373,131445,131448,131465,131467,131472,131475,131479,131485,131491,131498,131504,131510,131512,131538],[10,129652,13,129654,18],{"id":129653},"python-string-format-method",[15,129655,126006],{},[20,129657,123015,129658,129660],{},[15,129659,126006],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129662,129663],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[30,129665,1653],{"id":1652},[35,129667,129669],{"className":37,"code":129668,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129670,129671,129683,129691,129695,129732],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129672,129673,129675,129677,129679,129681],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129674,284],{"class":50},[44,129676,55],{"class":54},[44,129678,59],{"class":58},[44,129680,11170],{"class":62},[44,129682,66],{"class":58},[44,129684,129685,129687,129689],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,129686,21295],{"class":50},[44,129688,55],{"class":54},[44,129690,88458],{"class":1675},[44,129692,129693],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,129694,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,129696,129697,129699,129701,129703,129706,129708,129711,129713,129715,129717,129719,129722,129724,129726,129728,129730],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,129698,89666],{"class":50},[44,129700,55],{"class":54},[44,129702,59],{"class":58},[44,129704,129705],{"class":62},"My name is ",[44,129707,3453],{"class":1675},[44,129709,129710],{"class":62}," and I am ",[44,129712,3453],{"class":1675},[44,129714,122008],{"class":62},[44,129716,362],{"class":58},[44,129718,81],{"class":80},[44,129720,129721],{"class":84},"format",[44,129723,98],{"class":80},[44,129725,302],{"class":84},[44,129727,2646],{"class":80},[44,129729,8848],{"class":84},[44,129731,104],{"class":80},[44,129733,129734,129736,129738,129740],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,129735,95],{"class":94},[44,129737,98],{"class":80},[44,129739,89683],{"class":84},[44,129741,104],{"class":80},[20,129743,129744],{},[830,129745,107],{},[35,129747,129749],{"className":37,"code":129748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,129750,129751],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129752,129753,129756,129758,129761,129764,129767,129770,129772],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129754,129755],{"class":50},"My name ",[44,129757,11856],{"class":54},[44,129759,129760],{"class":50}," Maya ",[44,129762,129763],{"class":54},"and",[44,129765,129766],{"class":50}," I am ",[44,129768,129769],{"class":1675},"12",[44,129771,122041],{"class":50},[44,129773,122044],{"class":80},[20,129775,119,129776,129778,129779,129781],{},[15,129777,3453],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,129780,126006],{}," in the same order.",[20,129783,241,129784,81],{},[243,129785,246],{"href":245},[30,129787,12659,129789,12662],{"id":129788},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,129790,126006],{},[20,129792,1628,129793,11073],{},[15,129794,126006],{},[139,129796,129797,129800,129806,129809],{},[142,129798,129799],{},"inserts values into a string",[142,129801,129802,129803,129805],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,129804,3453],{}," with given values",[142,129807,129808],{},"returns a new string",[142,129810,129811],{},"does not change the original string",[20,129813,161],{},[35,129815,129817],{"className":37,"code":129816,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,129818,129819,129833,129856,129860,129871],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129820,129821,129823,129825,129827,129829,129831],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129822,51],{"class":50},[44,129824,55],{"class":54},[44,129826,59],{"class":58},[44,129828,44564],{"class":62},[44,129830,3453],{"class":1675},[44,129832,66],{"class":58},[44,129834,129835,129838,129840,129842,129844,129846,129848,129850,129852,129854],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,129836,129837],{"class":50},"new_text ",[44,129839,55],{"class":54},[44,129841,77],{"class":50},[44,129843,81],{"class":80},[44,129845,129721],{"class":84},[44,129847,98],{"class":80},[44,129849,362],{"class":58},[44,129851,7338],{"class":62},[44,129853,362],{"class":58},[44,129855,104],{"class":80},[44,129857,129858],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,129859,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,129861,129862,129864,129866,129869],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,129863,95],{"class":94},[44,129865,98],{"class":80},[44,129867,129868],{"class":84},"new_text",[44,129870,104],{"class":80},[44,129872,129873,129875,129877,129879],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,129874,95],{"class":94},[44,129876,98],{"class":80},[44,129878,194],{"class":84},[44,129880,104],{"class":80},[20,129882,129883],{},[830,129884,107],{},[35,129886,129888],{"className":37,"code":129887,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,129889,129890,129899],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129891,129892,129894,129896],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129893,34530],{"class":50},[44,129895,2646],{"class":80},[44,129897,129898],{"class":50}," Sam\n",[44,129900,129901,129903,129905],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,129902,34530],{"class":50},[44,129904,2646],{"class":80},[44,129906,9498],{"class":80},[20,129908,1937,129909,129911,129912,129914],{},[15,129910,194],{}," stays the same. ",[15,129913,126006],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[30,129916,250],{"id":249},[20,129918,129919],{},"The general form is:",[35,129921,129923],{"className":37,"code":129922,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,129924,129925],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129926,129927,129929,129932,129934,129936,129938,129940,129942],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129928,362],{"class":654},[44,129930,129931],{"class":658},"text {}",[44,129933,362],{"class":654},[44,129935,81],{"class":80},[44,129937,129721],{"class":84},[44,129939,98],{"class":80},[44,129941,2126],{"class":84},[44,129943,104],{"class":80},[20,129945,129946],{},"Key idea:",[139,129948,129949,129955,129958],{},[142,129950,129951,129952,129954],{},"each ",[15,129953,3453],{}," is a placeholder",[142,129956,129957],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[142,129959,129960],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,129962,161],{},[35,129964,129966],{"className":37,"code":129965,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,129967,129968,129981,129995,129999,130037],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129969,129970,129973,129975,129977,129979],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129971,129972],{"class":50},"animal ",[44,129974,55],{"class":54},[44,129976,59],{"class":58},[44,129978,36712],{"class":62},[44,129980,66],{"class":58},[44,129982,129983,129986,129988,129990,129993],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,129984,129985],{"class":50},"sound ",[44,129987,55],{"class":54},[44,129989,59],{"class":58},[44,129991,129992],{"class":62},"meow",[44,129994,66],{"class":58},[44,129996,129997],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,129998,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,130000,130001,130004,130006,130008,130010,130012,130015,130017,130019,130021,130023,130025,130027,130030,130032,130035],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,130002,130003],{"class":50},"sentence ",[44,130005,55],{"class":54},[44,130007,59],{"class":58},[44,130009,1628],{"class":62},[44,130011,3453],{"class":1675},[44,130013,130014],{"class":62}," says ",[44,130016,3453],{"class":1675},[44,130018,81],{"class":62},[44,130020,362],{"class":58},[44,130022,81],{"class":80},[44,130024,129721],{"class":84},[44,130026,98],{"class":80},[44,130028,130029],{"class":84},"animal",[44,130031,2646],{"class":80},[44,130033,130034],{"class":84}," sound",[44,130036,104],{"class":80},[44,130038,130039,130041,130043,130046],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,130040,95],{"class":94},[44,130042,98],{"class":80},[44,130044,130045],{"class":84},"sentence",[44,130047,104],{"class":80},[20,130049,130050],{},[830,130051,107],{},[35,130053,130055],{"className":37,"code":130054,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130056,130057],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130058,130059,130062],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130060,130061],{"class":50},"The cat says meow",[44,130063,122044],{"class":80},[20,130065,130066],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[30,130068,130070],{"id":130069},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130072,130073,130074,130076],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130075,3453],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[35,130078,130080],{"className":37,"code":130079,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130081,130082],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130083,130084,130086,130088,130090,130093,130095,130097,130099,130101,130103,130105,130107,130109,130111,130114,130116,130118,130120,130123,130125],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130085,95],{"class":94},[44,130087,98],{"class":80},[44,130089,362],{"class":58},[44,130091,130092],{"class":62},"I like ",[44,130094,3453],{"class":1675},[44,130096,4057],{"class":62},[44,130098,3453],{"class":1675},[44,130100,81],{"class":62},[44,130102,362],{"class":58},[44,130104,81],{"class":80},[44,130106,129721],{"class":84},[44,130108,98],{"class":80},[44,130110,362],{"class":58},[44,130112,130113],{"class":62},"pizza",[44,130115,362],{"class":58},[44,130117,2646],{"class":80},[44,130119,59],{"class":58},[44,130121,130122],{"class":62},"pasta",[44,130124,362],{"class":58},[44,130126,370],{"class":80},[20,130128,130129],{},[830,130130,107],{},[35,130132,130134],{"className":37,"code":130133,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130135,130136],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130137,130138,130141,130143,130146],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130139,130140],{"class":50},"I like pizza ",[44,130142,129763],{"class":54},[44,130144,130145],{"class":50}," pasta",[44,130147,122044],{"class":80},[20,130149,130150,130151,4057,130154,81],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130152,130153],{},"{0}",[15,130155,130156],{},"{1}",[20,130158,130159],{},"This is helpful when:",[139,130161,130162,130165],{},[142,130163,130164],{},"you want to reuse a value",[142,130166,130167],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130169,130170],{},"Example with reused values:",[35,130172,130174],{"className":37,"code":130173,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130175,130176,130210],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130177,130178,130180,130182,130184,130186,130189,130191,130194,130196,130198,130200,130202,130204,130206,130208],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130179,51],{"class":50},[44,130181,55],{"class":54},[44,130183,59],{"class":58},[44,130185,130153],{"class":1675},[44,130187,130188],{"class":62}," is learning Python. ",[44,130190,130153],{"class":1675},[44,130192,130193],{"class":62}," likes coding.",[44,130195,362],{"class":58},[44,130197,81],{"class":80},[44,130199,129721],{"class":84},[44,130201,98],{"class":80},[44,130203,362],{"class":58},[44,130205,19549],{"class":62},[44,130207,362],{"class":58},[44,130209,104],{"class":80},[44,130211,130212,130214,130216,130218],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,130213,95],{"class":94},[44,130215,98],{"class":80},[44,130217,194],{"class":84},[44,130219,104],{"class":80},[20,130221,130222],{},[830,130223,107],{},[35,130225,130227],{"className":37,"code":130226,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130228,130229],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130230,130231,130234,130236,130239,130241,130244,130247],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130232,130233],{"class":50},"Lina ",[44,130235,11856],{"class":54},[44,130237,130238],{"class":50}," learning Python",[44,130240,81],{"class":80},[44,130242,130243],{"class":1467}," Lina",[44,130245,130246],{"class":50}," likes coding",[44,130248,122044],{"class":80},[20,130250,130251],{},"Example with changed order:",[35,130253,130255],{"className":37,"code":130254,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130256,130257,130297],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130258,130259,130261,130263,130265,130267,130269,130271,130273,130275,130277,130279,130281,130283,130285,130287,130289,130291,130293,130295],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130260,51],{"class":50},[44,130262,55],{"class":54},[44,130264,59],{"class":58},[44,130266,130156],{"class":1675},[44,130268,82989],{"class":62},[44,130270,130153],{"class":1675},[44,130272,81],{"class":62},[44,130274,362],{"class":58},[44,130276,81],{"class":80},[44,130278,129721],{"class":84},[44,130280,98],{"class":80},[44,130282,362],{"class":58},[44,130284,6249],{"class":62},[44,130286,362],{"class":58},[44,130288,2646],{"class":80},[44,130290,59],{"class":58},[44,130292,78934],{"class":62},[44,130294,362],{"class":58},[44,130296,104],{"class":80},[44,130298,130299,130301,130303,130305],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,130300,95],{"class":94},[44,130302,98],{"class":80},[44,130304,194],{"class":84},[44,130306,104],{"class":80},[20,130308,130309],{},[830,130310,107],{},[35,130312,130314],{"className":37,"code":130313,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130315,130316],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130317,130318,130321],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130319,130320],{"class":50},"two comes after one",[44,130322,122044],{"class":80},[20,130324,130325,130326,130328],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130327,3453],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[30,130330,130332],{"id":130331},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130334,130335,130336,81],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130337,130338],{},"{name}",[20,130340,130341,130342,2539],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130343,126006],{},[35,130345,130347],{"className":37,"code":130346,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130348,130349,130401],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130350,130351,130353,130355,130357,130359,130361,130364,130367,130369,130371,130373,130375,130377,130379,130381,130383,130385,130387,130389,130391,130393,130395,130397,130399],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130352,51],{"class":50},[44,130354,55],{"class":54},[44,130356,59],{"class":58},[44,130358,129705],{"class":62},[44,130360,130338],{"class":1675},[44,130362,130363],{"class":62}," and I live in ",[44,130365,130366],{"class":1675},"{city}",[44,130368,81],{"class":62},[44,130370,362],{"class":58},[44,130372,81],{"class":80},[44,130374,129721],{"class":84},[44,130376,98],{"class":80},[44,130378,302],{"class":8835},[44,130380,55],{"class":54},[44,130382,362],{"class":58},[44,130384,12543],{"class":62},[44,130386,362],{"class":58},[44,130388,2646],{"class":80},[44,130390,31052],{"class":8835},[44,130392,55],{"class":54},[44,130394,362],{"class":58},[44,130396,15695],{"class":62},[44,130398,362],{"class":58},[44,130400,104],{"class":80},[44,130402,130403,130405,130407,130409],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,130404,95],{"class":94},[44,130406,98],{"class":80},[44,130408,194],{"class":84},[44,130410,104],{"class":80},[20,130412,130413],{},[830,130414,107],{},[35,130416,130418],{"className":37,"code":130417,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130419,130420],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130421,130422,130424,130426,130429,130431,130434,130436,130439],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130423,129755],{"class":50},[44,130425,11856],{"class":54},[44,130427,130428],{"class":50}," Ana ",[44,130430,129763],{"class":54},[44,130432,130433],{"class":50}," I live ",[44,130435,3544],{"class":54},[44,130437,130438],{"class":50}," Lima",[44,130440,122044],{"class":80},[20,130442,130443],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[139,130445,130446,130449,130452],{},[142,130447,130448],{},"they make code easier to read",[142,130450,130451],{},"they help when a string has many values",[142,130453,130454],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130456,161],{},[35,130458,130460],{"className":37,"code":130459,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130461,130462,130514],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130463,130464,130467,130469,130471,130474,130477,130480,130483,130485,130487,130489,130491,130493,130495,130497,130500,130502,130504,130507,130509,130512],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130465,130466],{"class":50},"report ",[44,130468,55],{"class":54},[44,130470,59],{"class":58},[44,130472,130473],{"class":62},"Student: ",[44,130475,130476],{"class":1675},"{student}",[44,130478,130479],{"class":62},", Score: ",[44,130481,130482],{"class":1675},"{score}",[44,130484,362],{"class":58},[44,130486,81],{"class":80},[44,130488,129721],{"class":84},[44,130490,98],{"class":80},[44,130492,13289],{"class":8835},[44,130494,55],{"class":54},[44,130496,362],{"class":58},[44,130498,130499],{"class":62},"Noah",[44,130501,362],{"class":58},[44,130503,2646],{"class":80},[44,130505,130506],{"class":8835}," score",[44,130508,55],{"class":54},[44,130510,130511],{"class":1675},"95",[44,130513,104],{"class":80},[44,130515,130516,130518,130520,130522],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,130517,95],{"class":94},[44,130519,98],{"class":80},[44,130521,127713],{"class":84},[44,130523,104],{"class":80},[20,130525,130526],{},[830,130527,107],{},[35,130529,130531],{"className":37,"code":130530,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130532,130533],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130534,130535,130538,130540,130543,130545,130548,130550],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130536,130537],{"class":50},"Student",[44,130539,2539],{"class":80},[44,130541,130542],{"class":50}," Noah",[44,130544,2646],{"class":80},[44,130546,130547],{"class":50}," Score",[44,130549,2539],{"class":80},[44,130551,130552],{"class":1675}," 95\n",[20,130554,130555,130556,81],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[243,130557,3234,130558,3167],{"href":41839},[15,130559,47346],{},[30,130561,130563],{"id":130562},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130565,130566,130568],{},[15,130567,126006],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130570,130571,130572,130575],{},"A common example is ",[15,130573,130574],{},":.2f",", which means:",[139,130577,130578,130581],{},[142,130579,130580],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[142,130582,130583],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130585,161],{},[35,130587,130589],{"className":37,"code":130588,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130590,130591,130599,130628],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130592,130593,130595,130597],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130594,40054],{"class":50},[44,130596,55],{"class":54},[44,130598,48938],{"class":1675},[44,130600,130601,130603,130605,130607,130610,130612,130614,130616,130618,130620,130622,130624,130626],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,130602,51],{"class":50},[44,130604,55],{"class":54},[44,130606,59],{"class":58},[44,130608,130609],{"class":62},"Price: $",[44,130611,8938],{"class":1675},[44,130613,130574],{"class":1717},[44,130615,21970],{"class":1675},[44,130617,362],{"class":58},[44,130619,81],{"class":80},[44,130621,129721],{"class":84},[44,130623,98],{"class":80},[44,130625,24817],{"class":84},[44,130627,104],{"class":80},[44,130629,130630,130632,130634,130636],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,130631,95],{"class":94},[44,130633,98],{"class":80},[44,130635,194],{"class":84},[44,130637,104],{"class":80},[20,130639,130640],{},[830,130641,107],{},[35,130643,130645],{"className":37,"code":130644,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130646,130647],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130648,130649,130652,130654,130657],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130650,130651],{"class":50},"Price",[44,130653,2539],{"class":80},[44,130655,130656],{"class":37032}," $",[44,130658,130659],{"class":1675},"3.50\n",[20,130661,767],{},[35,130663,130665],{"className":37,"code":130664,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130666,130667,130677],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130668,130669,130672,130674],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130670,130671],{"class":50},"average ",[44,130673,55],{"class":54},[44,130675,130676],{"class":1675}," 91.236\n",[44,130678,130679,130681,130683,130685,130688,130690,130692,130694,130696,130698,130700,130702,130705],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,130680,95],{"class":94},[44,130682,98],{"class":80},[44,130684,362],{"class":58},[44,130686,130687],{"class":62},"Average: ",[44,130689,8938],{"class":1675},[44,130691,130574],{"class":1717},[44,130693,21970],{"class":1675},[44,130695,362],{"class":58},[44,130697,81],{"class":80},[44,130699,129721],{"class":84},[44,130701,98],{"class":80},[44,130703,130704],{"class":84},"average",[44,130706,370],{"class":80},[20,130708,130709],{},[830,130710,107],{},[35,130712,130714],{"className":37,"code":130713,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,130715,130716],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130717,130718,130721,130723],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130719,130720],{"class":50},"Average",[44,130722,2539],{"class":80},[44,130724,130725],{"class":1675}," 91.24\n",[20,130727,130728],{},"This is useful for:",[139,130730,130731,130733,130736],{},[142,130732,82747],{},[142,130734,130735],{},"averages",[142,130737,130738],{},"percentages",[20,130740,130741,130742,81],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[243,130743,3234,130744,1954],{"href":46111},[15,130745,46114],{},[30,130747,17084],{"id":17083},[20,130749,130750,92180],{},[15,130751,126006],{},[20,130753,130754],{},"That means you can:",[139,130756,130757,130760,130763],{},[142,130758,130759],{},"save it in a variable",[142,130761,130762],{},"print it directly",[142,130764,130765],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,130767,161],{},[35,130769,130771],{"className":37,"code":130770,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,130772,130773,130804,130814],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130774,130775,130777,130779,130781,130783,130785,130787,130789,130791,130793,130795,130797,130800,130802],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130776,89666],{"class":50},[44,130778,55],{"class":54},[44,130780,59],{"class":58},[44,130782,44564],{"class":62},[44,130784,3453],{"class":1675},[44,130786,89507],{"class":62},[44,130788,362],{"class":58},[44,130790,81],{"class":80},[44,130792,129721],{"class":84},[44,130794,98],{"class":80},[44,130796,362],{"class":58},[44,130798,130799],{"class":62},"Chris",[44,130801,362],{"class":58},[44,130803,104],{"class":80},[44,130805,130806,130808,130810,130812],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,130807,95],{"class":94},[44,130809,98],{"class":80},[44,130811,89683],{"class":84},[44,130813,104],{"class":80},[44,130815,130816,130818,130820,130822,130824,130826],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,130817,95],{"class":94},[44,130819,98],{"class":80},[44,130821,2880],{"class":1461},[44,130823,98],{"class":80},[44,130825,89683],{"class":84},[44,130827,370],{"class":80},[20,130829,130830],{},[830,130831,107],{},[35,130833,130835],{"className":37,"code":130834,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,130836,130837,130846],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130838,130839,130841,130843],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130840,34530],{"class":50},[44,130842,2646],{"class":80},[44,130844,130845],{"class":50}," Chris!\n",[44,130847,130848,130850,130852,130854,130856,130858],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,130849,2949],{"class":54},[44,130851,2952],{"class":1717},[44,130853,2955],{"class":58},[44,130855,1462],{"class":62},[44,130857,655],{"class":58},[44,130859,2962],{"class":54},[20,130861,130862],{},"The original string is not changed.",[30,130864,130866,130868],{"id":130865},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,130867,126006],{}," vs f-strings",[20,130870,130871,130873],{},[15,130872,126006],{}," is a string method.",[20,130875,130876],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,130878,45703,130879,2539],{},[15,130880,126006],{},[35,130882,130884],{"className":37,"code":130883,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,130885,130886,130899],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130887,130888,130890,130892,130894,130897],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130889,284],{"class":50},[44,130891,55],{"class":54},[44,130893,59],{"class":58},[44,130895,130896],{"class":62},"Rita",[44,130898,66],{"class":58},[44,130900,130901,130903,130905,130907,130909,130911,130913,130915,130917,130919,130921,130923],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,130902,95],{"class":94},[44,130904,98],{"class":80},[44,130906,362],{"class":58},[44,130908,44564],{"class":62},[44,130910,3453],{"class":1675},[44,130912,89507],{"class":62},[44,130914,362],{"class":58},[44,130916,81],{"class":80},[44,130918,129721],{"class":84},[44,130920,98],{"class":80},[44,130922,302],{"class":84},[44,130924,370],{"class":80},[20,130926,130927],{},"Example with an f-string:",[35,130929,130931],{"className":37,"code":130930,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,130932,130933,130945],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130934,130935,130937,130939,130941,130943],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130936,284],{"class":50},[44,130938,55],{"class":54},[44,130940,59],{"class":58},[44,130942,130896],{"class":62},[44,130944,66],{"class":58},[44,130946,130947,130949,130951,130953,130955,130957,130959,130961,130964],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,130948,95],{"class":94},[44,130950,98],{"class":80},[44,130952,21961],{"class":1717},[44,130954,43008],{"class":62},[44,130956,8938],{"class":1675},[44,130958,302],{"class":84},[44,130960,21970],{"class":1675},[44,130962,130963],{"class":62},"!\"",[44,130965,104],{"class":80},[20,130967,130968],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,130970,130971,130972,130974,130975,81],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,130973,126006],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[243,130976,89352],{"href":89351},[30,130978,1238],{"id":1237},[20,130980,130981,130982,81],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,130983,126006],{},[267,130985,130987],{"id":130986},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,130989,130990],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[35,130992,130994],{"className":37,"code":130993,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130995,130996,131029],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130997,130998,131000,131002,131004,131006,131008,131011,131013,131015,131017,131019,131021,131023,131025,131027],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130999,51],{"class":50},[44,131001,55],{"class":54},[44,131003,59],{"class":58},[44,131005,44564],{"class":62},[44,131007,3453],{"class":1675},[44,131009,131010],{"class":1675}," {}",[44,131012,89507],{"class":62},[44,131014,362],{"class":58},[44,131016,81],{"class":80},[44,131018,129721],{"class":84},[44,131020,98],{"class":80},[44,131022,362],{"class":58},[44,131024,7338],{"class":62},[44,131026,362],{"class":58},[44,131028,104],{"class":80},[44,131030,131031,131033,131035,131037],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,131032,95],{"class":94},[44,131034,98],{"class":80},[44,131036,194],{"class":84},[44,131038,104],{"class":80},[20,131040,131041],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131043,131044],{},"Fixed version:",[35,131046,131048],{"className":37,"code":131047,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131049,131050,131091],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131051,131052,131054,131056,131058,131060,131062,131064,131066,131068,131070,131072,131074,131076,131078,131080,131082,131084,131087,131089],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131053,51],{"class":50},[44,131055,55],{"class":54},[44,131057,59],{"class":58},[44,131059,44564],{"class":62},[44,131061,3453],{"class":1675},[44,131063,131010],{"class":1675},[44,131065,89507],{"class":62},[44,131067,362],{"class":58},[44,131069,81],{"class":80},[44,131071,129721],{"class":84},[44,131073,98],{"class":80},[44,131075,362],{"class":58},[44,131077,7338],{"class":62},[44,131079,362],{"class":58},[44,131081,2646],{"class":80},[44,131083,59],{"class":58},[44,131085,131086],{"class":62},"Lee",[44,131088,362],{"class":58},[44,131090,104],{"class":80},[44,131092,131093,131095,131097,131099],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,131094,95],{"class":94},[44,131096,98],{"class":80},[44,131098,194],{"class":84},[44,131100,104],{"class":80},[267,131102,131104],{"id":131103},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131106,131107,131108,81],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131109,126006],{},[20,131111,131112],{},"Problem:",[35,131114,131116],{"className":37,"code":131115,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131117,131118,131152],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131119,131120,131122,131124,131126,131128,131130,131132,131134,131136,131138,131140,131142,131144,131146,131148,131150],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131121,51],{"class":50},[44,131123,55],{"class":54},[44,131125,59],{"class":58},[44,131127,44564],{"class":62},[44,131129,130338],{"class":1675},[44,131131,89507],{"class":62},[44,131133,362],{"class":58},[44,131135,81],{"class":80},[44,131137,129721],{"class":84},[44,131139,98],{"class":80},[44,131141,7646],{"class":8835},[44,131143,55],{"class":54},[44,131145,362],{"class":58},[44,131147,7338],{"class":62},[44,131149,362],{"class":58},[44,131151,104],{"class":80},[44,131153,131154,131156,131158,131160],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,131155,95],{"class":94},[44,131157,98],{"class":80},[44,131159,194],{"class":84},[44,131161,104],{"class":80},[20,131163,131044],{},[35,131165,131167],{"className":37,"code":131166,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131168,131169,131203],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131170,131171,131173,131175,131177,131179,131181,131183,131185,131187,131189,131191,131193,131195,131197,131199,131201],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131172,51],{"class":50},[44,131174,55],{"class":54},[44,131176,59],{"class":58},[44,131178,44564],{"class":62},[44,131180,130338],{"class":1675},[44,131182,89507],{"class":62},[44,131184,362],{"class":58},[44,131186,81],{"class":80},[44,131188,129721],{"class":84},[44,131190,98],{"class":80},[44,131192,302],{"class":8835},[44,131194,55],{"class":54},[44,131196,362],{"class":58},[44,131198,7338],{"class":62},[44,131200,362],{"class":58},[44,131202,104],{"class":80},[44,131204,131205,131207,131209,131211],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,131206,95],{"class":94},[44,131208,98],{"class":80},[44,131210,194],{"class":84},[44,131212,104],{"class":80},[267,131214,1246,131216,1249],{"id":131215},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131217,126006],{},[20,131219,131220,131222],{},[15,131221,126006],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131224,131112],{},[35,131226,131228],{"className":37,"code":131227,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131229,131230,131244,131262],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131231,131232,131234,131236,131238,131240,131242],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131233,51],{"class":50},[44,131235,55],{"class":54},[44,131237,59],{"class":58},[44,131239,44564],{"class":62},[44,131241,3453],{"class":1675},[44,131243,66],{"class":58},[44,131245,131246,131248,131250,131252,131254,131256,131258,131260],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,131247,194],{"class":50},[44,131249,81],{"class":80},[44,131251,129721],{"class":84},[44,131253,98],{"class":80},[44,131255,362],{"class":58},[44,131257,7338],{"class":62},[44,131259,362],{"class":58},[44,131261,104],{"class":80},[44,131263,131264,131266,131268,131270],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,131265,95],{"class":94},[44,131267,98],{"class":80},[44,131269,194],{"class":84},[44,131271,104],{"class":80},[20,131273,131274],{},[830,131275,107],{},[35,131277,131279],{"className":37,"code":131278,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131280,131281],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131282,131283,131285,131287],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131284,34530],{"class":50},[44,131286,2646],{"class":80},[44,131288,9498],{"class":80},[20,131290,131044],{},[35,131292,131294],{"className":37,"code":131293,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131295,131296,131310,131332],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131297,131298,131300,131302,131304,131306,131308],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131299,51],{"class":50},[44,131301,55],{"class":54},[44,131303,59],{"class":58},[44,131305,44564],{"class":62},[44,131307,3453],{"class":1675},[44,131309,66],{"class":58},[44,131311,131312,131314,131316,131318,131320,131322,131324,131326,131328,131330],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,131313,51],{"class":50},[44,131315,55],{"class":54},[44,131317,77],{"class":50},[44,131319,81],{"class":80},[44,131321,129721],{"class":84},[44,131323,98],{"class":80},[44,131325,362],{"class":58},[44,131327,7338],{"class":62},[44,131329,362],{"class":58},[44,131331,104],{"class":80},[44,131333,131334,131336,131338,131340],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,131335,95],{"class":94},[44,131337,98],{"class":80},[44,131339,194],{"class":84},[44,131341,104],{"class":80},[267,131343,1262,131345,146],{"id":131344},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131346,126006],{},[20,131348,131349],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[267,131351,131353],{"id":131352},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131355,131356],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131358,131359,131360,131362],{},"Use simple ",[15,131361,3453],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131364,131365,131366,81],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[243,131367,90065],{"href":90064},[30,131369,67558],{"id":67557},[20,131371,131372],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[35,131374,131376],{"className":37,"code":131375,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131377,131378,131388,131402,131431],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131379,131380,131382,131384,131386],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131381,95],{"class":94},[44,131383,98],{"class":80},[44,131385,194],{"class":84},[44,131387,104],{"class":80},[44,131389,131390,131392,131394,131396,131398,131400],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,131391,95],{"class":94},[44,131393,98],{"class":80},[44,131395,2880],{"class":1461},[44,131397,98],{"class":80},[44,131399,2126],{"class":84},[44,131401,370],{"class":80},[44,131403,131404,131406,131408,131410,131413,131415,131417,131419,131421,131423,131425,131427,131429],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,131405,95],{"class":94},[44,131407,98],{"class":80},[44,131409,362],{"class":58},[44,131411,131412],{"class":62},"Hello ",[44,131414,3453],{"class":1675},[44,131416,362],{"class":58},[44,131418,81],{"class":80},[44,131420,129721],{"class":84},[44,131422,98],{"class":80},[44,131424,362],{"class":58},[44,131426,7338],{"class":62},[44,131428,362],{"class":58},[44,131430,370],{"class":80},[44,131432,131433,131435,131437,131439,131441,131443],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,131434,1456],{"class":94},[44,131436,98],{"class":80},[44,131438,1462],{"class":1461},[44,131440,81],{"class":80},[44,131442,129721],{"class":1467},[44,131444,104],{"class":80},[20,131446,131447],{},"Use them to check:",[139,131449,131450,131453,131456,131459],{},[142,131451,131452],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[142,131454,131455],{},"what type your value has",[142,131457,131458],{},"whether a small test example works",[142,131460,131461,131462],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131463,131464],{},"str.format",[30,131466,1478],{"id":1477},[267,131468,129503,131470,12378],{"id":131469},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131471,126006],{},[20,131473,131474],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[267,131476,131478],{"id":131477},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131480,131481,131482,131484],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131483,3453],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[267,131486,131488,131489,1520],{"id":131487},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131490,126006],{},[20,131492,131493,131494,131497],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131495,131496],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[267,131499,14566,131501,131503],{"id":131500},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131502,126006],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131505,131506,131507,131509],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131508,126006],{}," is still useful and common.",[30,131511,1545],{"id":1544},[139,131513,131514,131518,131522,131528,131534],{},[142,131515,131516],{},[243,131517,246],{"href":245},[142,131519,131520],{},[243,131521,90342],{"href":89351},[142,131523,131524],{},[243,131525,3234,131526,3167],{"href":46111},[15,131527,46114],{},[142,131529,131530],{},[243,131531,3234,131532,3167],{"href":41839},[15,131533,47346],{},[142,131535,131536],{},[243,131537,90065],{"href":90064},[1577,131539,131540],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":131542},[131543,131544,131546,131547,131548,131549,131550,131551,131553,131562,131563,131572],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":129788,"depth":69,"text":131545},"What the format() method does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":130069,"depth":69,"text":130070},{"id":130331,"depth":69,"text":130332},{"id":130562,"depth":69,"text":130563},{"id":17083,"depth":69,"text":17084},{"id":130865,"depth":69,"text":131552},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238,"children":131554},[131555,131556,131557,131559,131561],{"id":130986,"depth":91,"text":130987},{"id":131103,"depth":91,"text":131104},{"id":131215,"depth":91,"text":131558},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131344,"depth":91,"text":131560},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131352,"depth":91,"text":131353},{"id":67557,"depth":69,"text":67558},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":131564},[131565,131567,131568,131570],{"id":131469,"depth":91,"text":131566},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131477,"depth":91,"text":131478},{"id":131487,"depth":91,"text":131569},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131500,"depth":91,"text":131571},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129648,"description":131573},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131580,"title":131581,"body":131582,"description":133062,"extension":1611,"meta":133063,"navigation":184,"path":133064,"seo":133065,"stem":133066,"__hash__":133067},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131583,"toc":133034},[131584,131589,131594,131599,131601,131663,131670,131676,131681,131683,131699,131701,131772,131774,131788,131791,131841,131843,131845,131872,131875,131890,131893,131934,131937,131982,131989,132038,132040,132048,132050,132068,132070,132163,132171,132212,132217,132224,132230,132237,132240,132244,132345,132347,132369,132373,132426,132429,132432,132438,132445,132447,132486,132488,132506,132516,132523,132606,132609,132616,132623,132630,132634,132642,132688,132692,132701,132766,132771,132776,132787,132789,132794,132821,132823,132926,132929,132949,132951,132956,132959,132963,132967,132974,132983,132989,132992,132998,133000,133002,133031],[10,131585,13,131587,18],{"id":131586},"python-string-index-method",[15,131588,58630],{},[20,131590,123015,131591,131593],{},[15,131592,58630],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131595,131596,131597,81],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131598,40371],{},[30,131600,1653],{"id":1652},[35,131602,131604],{"className":37,"code":131603,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131605,131606,131618,131640,131650,131654,131658],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131607,131608,131610,131612,131614,131616],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131609,51],{"class":50},[44,131611,55],{"class":54},[44,131613,59],{"class":58},[44,131615,60069],{"class":62},[44,131617,66],{"class":58},[44,131619,131620,131622,131624,131626,131628,131630,131632,131634,131636,131638],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,131621,64582],{"class":50},[44,131623,55],{"class":54},[44,131625,77],{"class":50},[44,131627,81],{"class":80},[44,131629,35510],{"class":84},[44,131631,98],{"class":80},[44,131633,362],{"class":58},[44,131635,60254],{"class":62},[44,131637,362],{"class":58},[44,131639,104],{"class":80},[44,131641,131642,131644,131646,131648],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,131643,95],{"class":94},[44,131645,98],{"class":80},[44,131647,64609],{"class":84},[44,131649,104],{"class":80},[44,131651,131652],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,131653,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,131655,131656],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,131657,90483],{"class":3324},[44,131659,131660],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,131661,131662],{"class":3324},"# 6\n",[20,131664,119,131665,131667,131668,81],{},[15,131666,58630],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131669,40371],{},[30,131671,126,131673,129],{"id":131672},"what-strindex-does",[15,131674,131675],{},"str.index()",[20,131677,131678,131680],{},[15,131679,131675],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131682,137],{},[139,131684,131685,131688,131691,131694],{},[142,131686,131687],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[142,131689,131690],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[142,131692,131693],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[142,131695,29961,131696,131698],{},[15,131697,40371],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,131700,161],{},[35,131702,131704],{"className":37,"code":131703,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131705,131706,131718,131722,131747],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131707,131708,131710,131712,131714,131716],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131709,51],{"class":50},[44,131711,55],{"class":54},[44,131713,59],{"class":58},[44,131715,3750],{"class":62},[44,131717,66],{"class":58},[44,131719,131720],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,131721,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,131723,131724,131726,131728,131730,131732,131734,131736,131738,131740,131742,131744],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,131725,95],{"class":94},[44,131727,98],{"class":80},[44,131729,194],{"class":84},[44,131731,81],{"class":80},[44,131733,35510],{"class":84},[44,131735,98],{"class":80},[44,131737,362],{"class":58},[44,131739,243],{"class":62},[44,131741,362],{"class":58},[44,131743,5025],{"class":80},[44,131745,131746],{"class":3324},"     # 1\n",[44,131748,131749,131751,131753,131755,131757,131759,131761,131763,131765,131767,131769],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,131750,95],{"class":94},[44,131752,98],{"class":80},[44,131754,194],{"class":84},[44,131756,81],{"class":80},[44,131758,35510],{"class":84},[44,131760,98],{"class":80},[44,131762,362],{"class":58},[44,131764,123103],{"class":62},[44,131766,362],{"class":58},[44,131768,5025],{"class":80},[44,131770,131771],{"class":3324},"    # 2\n",[20,131773,1830],{},[139,131775,131776,131782],{},[142,131777,131778,128212,131780],{},[15,131779,17762],{},[15,131781,2643],{},[142,131783,131784,128212,131786],{},[15,131785,128211],{},[15,131787,1708],{},[20,131789,131790],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[35,131792,131794],{"className":37,"code":131793,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,131795,131796,131808,131812,131836],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131797,131798,131800,131802,131804,131806],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131799,51],{"class":50},[44,131801,55],{"class":54},[44,131803,59],{"class":58},[44,131805,34530],{"class":62},[44,131807,66],{"class":58},[44,131809,131810],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,131811,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,131813,131814,131816,131818,131820,131822,131824,131826,131828,131830,131832,131834],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,131815,95],{"class":94},[44,131817,98],{"class":80},[44,131819,194],{"class":84},[44,131821,81],{"class":80},[44,131823,35510],{"class":84},[44,131825,98],{"class":80},[44,131827,362],{"class":58},[44,131829,50853],{"class":62},[44,131831,362],{"class":58},[44,131833,5025],{"class":80},[44,131835,20435],{"class":3324},[44,131837,131838],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,131839,131840],{"class":3324},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[30,131842,250],{"id":249},[20,131844,1812],{},[35,131846,131848],{"className":37,"code":131847,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,131849,131850],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131851,131852,131854,131856,131858,131860,131862,131864,131866,131868,131870],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131853,60837],{"class":50},[44,131855,81],{"class":80},[44,131857,35510],{"class":84},[44,131859,98],{"class":80},[44,131861,2126],{"class":84},[44,131863,2646],{"class":80},[44,131865,35716],{"class":84},[44,131867,2646],{"class":80},[44,131869,64703],{"class":84},[44,131871,104],{"class":80},[20,131873,131874],{},"Parameters:",[139,131876,131877,131881,131885],{},[142,131878,131879,123202],{},[15,131880,2126],{},[142,131882,131883,128258],{},[15,131884,35737],{},[142,131886,131887,131889],{},[15,131888,52322],{},": optional stopping position",[20,131891,131892],{},"You can use just the value:",[35,131894,131896],{"className":37,"code":131895,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,131897,131898,131910],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131899,131900,131902,131904,131906,131908],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131901,51],{"class":50},[44,131903,55],{"class":54},[44,131905,59],{"class":58},[44,131907,39],{"class":62},[44,131909,66],{"class":58},[44,131911,131912,131914,131916,131918,131920,131922,131924,131926,131928,131930,131932],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,131913,95],{"class":94},[44,131915,98],{"class":80},[44,131917,194],{"class":84},[44,131919,81],{"class":80},[44,131921,35510],{"class":84},[44,131923,98],{"class":80},[44,131925,362],{"class":58},[44,131927,1107],{"class":62},[44,131929,362],{"class":58},[44,131931,5025],{"class":80},[44,131933,51077],{"class":3324},[20,131935,131936],{},"Or include a start position:",[35,131938,131940],{"className":37,"code":131939,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,131941,131942,131954],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131943,131944,131946,131948,131950,131952],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131945,51],{"class":50},[44,131947,55],{"class":54},[44,131949,59],{"class":58},[44,131951,3750],{"class":62},[44,131953,66],{"class":58},[44,131955,131956,131958,131960,131962,131964,131966,131968,131970,131972,131974,131976,131978,131980],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,131957,95],{"class":94},[44,131959,98],{"class":80},[44,131961,194],{"class":84},[44,131963,81],{"class":80},[44,131965,35510],{"class":84},[44,131967,98],{"class":80},[44,131969,362],{"class":58},[44,131971,243],{"class":62},[44,131973,362],{"class":58},[44,131975,2646],{"class":80},[44,131977,2649],{"class":1675},[44,131979,5025],{"class":80},[44,131981,50433],{"class":3324},[20,131983,131984,131985,4057,131987,2539],{},"Or include both ",[15,131986,35737],{},[15,131988,52322],{},[35,131990,131992],{"className":37,"code":131991,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,131993,131994,132006],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131995,131996,131998,132000,132002,132004],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131997,51],{"class":50},[44,131999,55],{"class":54},[44,132001,59],{"class":58},[44,132003,3750],{"class":62},[44,132005,66],{"class":58},[44,132007,132008,132010,132012,132014,132016,132018,132020,132022,132024,132026,132028,132030,132032,132034,132036],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,132009,95],{"class":94},[44,132011,98],{"class":80},[44,132013,194],{"class":84},[44,132015,81],{"class":80},[44,132017,35510],{"class":84},[44,132019,98],{"class":80},[44,132021,362],{"class":58},[44,132023,243],{"class":62},[44,132025,362],{"class":58},[44,132027,2646],{"class":80},[44,132029,2649],{"class":1675},[44,132031,2646],{"class":80},[44,132033,4270],{"class":1675},[44,132035,5025],{"class":80},[44,132037,50433],{"class":3324},[30,132039,37686],{"id":37685},[20,132041,28376,132042,132044,132045,81],{},[15,132043,58630],{}," is a ",[830,132046,132047],{},"zero-based index",[20,132049,1759],{},[139,132051,132052,132058,132063],{},[142,132053,132054,132055,132057],{},"Index ",[15,132056,1772],{}," is the first character",[142,132059,132054,132060,132062],{},[15,132061,2643],{}," is the second character",[142,132064,132054,132065,132067],{},[15,132066,1708],{}," is the third character",[20,132069,161],{},[35,132071,132073],{"className":37,"code":132072,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132074,132075,132087,132091,132115,132139],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132076,132077,132079,132081,132083,132085],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132078,51],{"class":50},[44,132080,55],{"class":54},[44,132082,59],{"class":58},[44,132084,36712],{"class":62},[44,132086,66],{"class":58},[44,132088,132089],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,132090,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,132092,132093,132095,132097,132099,132101,132103,132105,132107,132109,132111,132113],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,132094,95],{"class":94},[44,132096,98],{"class":80},[44,132098,194],{"class":84},[44,132100,81],{"class":80},[44,132102,35510],{"class":84},[44,132104,98],{"class":80},[44,132106,362],{"class":58},[44,132108,846],{"class":62},[44,132110,362],{"class":58},[44,132112,5025],{"class":80},[44,132114,50909],{"class":3324},[44,132116,132117,132119,132121,132123,132125,132127,132129,132131,132133,132135,132137],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,132118,95],{"class":94},[44,132120,98],{"class":80},[44,132122,194],{"class":84},[44,132124,81],{"class":80},[44,132126,35510],{"class":84},[44,132128,98],{"class":80},[44,132130,362],{"class":58},[44,132132,243],{"class":62},[44,132134,362],{"class":58},[44,132136,5025],{"class":80},[44,132138,27447],{"class":3324},[44,132140,132141,132143,132145,132147,132149,132151,132153,132155,132157,132159,132161],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,132142,95],{"class":94},[44,132144,98],{"class":80},[44,132146,194],{"class":84},[44,132148,81],{"class":80},[44,132150,35510],{"class":84},[44,132152,98],{"class":80},[44,132154,362],{"class":58},[44,132156,1107],{"class":62},[44,132158,362],{"class":58},[44,132160,5025],{"class":80},[44,132162,51077],{"class":3324},[20,132164,132165,132167,132168,132170],{},[15,132166,58630],{}," returns only the ",[830,132169,29576],{}," matching position.",[35,132172,132174],{"className":37,"code":132173,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132175,132176,132188],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132177,132178,132180,132182,132184,132186],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132179,51],{"class":50},[44,132181,55],{"class":54},[44,132183,59],{"class":58},[44,132185,3750],{"class":62},[44,132187,66],{"class":58},[44,132189,132190,132192,132194,132196,132198,132200,132202,132204,132206,132208,132210],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,132191,95],{"class":94},[44,132193,98],{"class":80},[44,132195,194],{"class":84},[44,132197,81],{"class":80},[44,132199,35510],{"class":84},[44,132201,98],{"class":80},[44,132203,362],{"class":58},[44,132205,243],{"class":62},[44,132207,362],{"class":58},[44,132209,5025],{"class":80},[44,132211,27447],{"class":3324},[20,132213,20645,132214,132216],{},[15,132215,17762],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132218,132219,132220,81],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[243,132221,132222,1555],{"href":124456},[15,132223,58252],{},[30,132225,675,132226,4057,132228],{"id":65069},[15,132227,35737],{},[15,132229,52322],{},[20,132231,1628,132232,4057,132234,132236],{},[15,132233,35737],{},[15,132235,52322],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132238,132239],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132241,45703,132242,2539],{},[15,132243,35737],{},[35,132245,132247],{"className":37,"code":132246,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132248,132249,132261,132265,132289,132317],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132250,132251,132253,132255,132257,132259],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132252,51],{"class":50},[44,132254,55],{"class":54},[44,132256,59],{"class":58},[44,132258,3750],{"class":62},[44,132260,66],{"class":58},[44,132262,132263],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,132264,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,132266,132267,132269,132271,132273,132275,132277,132279,132281,132283,132285,132287],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,132268,95],{"class":94},[44,132270,98],{"class":80},[44,132272,194],{"class":84},[44,132274,81],{"class":80},[44,132276,35510],{"class":84},[44,132278,98],{"class":80},[44,132280,362],{"class":58},[44,132282,243],{"class":62},[44,132284,362],{"class":58},[44,132286,5025],{"class":80},[44,132288,50782],{"class":3324},[44,132290,132291,132293,132295,132297,132299,132301,132303,132305,132307,132309,132311,132313,132315],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,132292,95],{"class":94},[44,132294,98],{"class":80},[44,132296,194],{"class":84},[44,132298,81],{"class":80},[44,132300,35510],{"class":84},[44,132302,98],{"class":80},[44,132304,362],{"class":58},[44,132306,243],{"class":62},[44,132308,362],{"class":58},[44,132310,2646],{"class":80},[44,132312,2649],{"class":1675},[44,132314,5025],{"class":80},[44,132316,50632],{"class":3324},[44,132318,132319,132321,132323,132325,132327,132329,132331,132333,132335,132337,132339,132341,132343],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,132320,95],{"class":94},[44,132322,98],{"class":80},[44,132324,194],{"class":84},[44,132326,81],{"class":80},[44,132328,35510],{"class":84},[44,132330,98],{"class":80},[44,132332,362],{"class":58},[44,132334,243],{"class":62},[44,132336,362],{"class":58},[44,132338,2646],{"class":80},[44,132340,2110],{"class":1675},[44,132342,5025],{"class":80},[44,132344,50416],{"class":3324},[20,132346,19624],{},[139,132348,132349,132356,132362],{},[142,132350,132351,132352,65259,132354],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132353,17762],{},[15,132355,2643],{},[142,132357,132358,132359,132361],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132360,1708],{}," skips that first match",[142,132363,132358,132364,132366,132367],{},[15,132365,2158],{}," finds the last ",[15,132368,17762],{},[20,132370,45703,132371,2539],{},[15,132372,52322],{},[35,132374,132376],{"className":37,"code":132375,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132377,132378,132390,132394],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132379,132380,132382,132384,132386,132388],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132381,51],{"class":50},[44,132383,55],{"class":54},[44,132385,59],{"class":58},[44,132387,3750],{"class":62},[44,132389,66],{"class":58},[44,132391,132392],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,132393,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,132395,132396,132398,132400,132402,132404,132406,132408,132410,132412,132414,132416,132418,132420,132422,132424],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,132397,95],{"class":94},[44,132399,98],{"class":80},[44,132401,194],{"class":84},[44,132403,81],{"class":80},[44,132405,35510],{"class":84},[44,132407,98],{"class":80},[44,132409,362],{"class":58},[44,132411,75693],{"class":62},[44,132413,362],{"class":58},[44,132415,2646],{"class":80},[44,132417,3495],{"class":1675},[44,132419,2646],{"class":80},[44,132421,2110],{"class":1675},[44,132423,5025],{"class":80},[44,132425,51077],{"class":3324},[20,132427,132428],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132430,132431],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[30,132433,43875,132435,132437],{"id":132434},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132436,58630],{}," causes an error",[20,132439,132440,132441,52156,132443,81],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132442,58630],{},[15,132444,40371],{},[20,132446,161],{},[35,132448,132450],{"className":37,"code":132449,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132451,132452,132464],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132453,132454,132456,132458,132460,132462],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132455,51],{"class":50},[44,132457,55],{"class":54},[44,132459,59],{"class":58},[44,132461,986],{"class":62},[44,132463,66],{"class":58},[44,132465,132466,132468,132470,132472,132474,132476,132478,132480,132482,132484],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,132467,95],{"class":94},[44,132469,98],{"class":80},[44,132471,194],{"class":84},[44,132473,81],{"class":80},[44,132475,35510],{"class":84},[44,132477,98],{"class":80},[44,132479,362],{"class":58},[44,132481,21744],{"class":62},[44,132483,362],{"class":58},[44,132485,370],{"class":80},[20,132487,107],{},[35,132489,132491],{"className":37,"code":132490,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132492,132493],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132494,132495,132497,132499,132502,132504],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132496,40371],{"class":1461},[44,132498,2539],{"class":80},[44,132500,132501],{"class":50}," substring ",[44,132503,832],{"class":54},[44,132505,65492],{"class":50},[20,132507,53003,132508,125970,132513,132515],{},[243,132509,132510],{"href":129642},[15,132511,132512],{},"str.find()",[15,132514,65517],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132517,132518,132519,4057,132521,2539],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132520,29471],{},[15,132522,29502],{},[35,132524,132526],{"className":37,"code":132525,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132527,132528,132540,132544,132550,132573,132583,132591],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132529,132530,132532,132534,132536,132538],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132531,51],{"class":50},[44,132533,55],{"class":54},[44,132535,59],{"class":58},[44,132537,986],{"class":62},[44,132539,66],{"class":58},[44,132541,132542],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,132543,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,132545,132546,132548],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,132547,29471],{"class":524},[44,132549,548],{"class":80},[44,132551,132552,132555,132557,132559,132561,132563,132565,132567,132569,132571],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,132553,132554],{"class":50},"    position ",[44,132556,55],{"class":54},[44,132558,77],{"class":50},[44,132560,81],{"class":80},[44,132562,35510],{"class":84},[44,132564,98],{"class":80},[44,132566,362],{"class":58},[44,132568,21744],{"class":62},[44,132570,362],{"class":58},[44,132572,104],{"class":80},[44,132574,132575,132577,132579,132581],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,132576,553],{"class":94},[44,132578,98],{"class":80},[44,132580,64609],{"class":84},[44,132582,104],{"class":80},[44,132584,132585,132587,132589],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,132586,29502],{"class":524},[44,132588,41590],{"class":1461},[44,132590,548],{"class":80},[44,132592,132593,132595,132597,132599,132602,132604],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,132594,553],{"class":94},[44,132596,98],{"class":80},[44,132598,362],{"class":58},[44,132600,132601],{"class":62},"Substring not found",[44,132603,362],{"class":58},[44,132605,104],{"class":80},[20,132607,132608],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132610,41610,132611,81],{},[243,132612,25347,132614],{"href":132613},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132615,128970],{},[30,132617,132619,866,132621],{"id":132618},"index-vs-find",[15,132620,58630],{},[15,132622,124003],{},[20,132624,132625,4057,132627,132629],{},[15,132626,58630],{},[15,132628,124003],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[267,132631,132632],{"id":35510},[15,132633,58630],{},[139,132635,132636,132639],{},[142,132637,132638],{},"Returns the first match position",[142,132640,132641],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[35,132643,132645],{"className":37,"code":132644,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132646,132647,132659,132683],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132648,132649,132651,132653,132655,132657],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132650,51],{"class":50},[44,132652,55],{"class":54},[44,132654,59],{"class":58},[44,132656,986],{"class":62},[44,132658,66],{"class":58},[44,132660,132661,132663,132665,132667,132669,132671,132673,132675,132677,132679,132681],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,132662,95],{"class":94},[44,132664,98],{"class":80},[44,132666,194],{"class":84},[44,132668,81],{"class":80},[44,132670,35510],{"class":84},[44,132672,98],{"class":80},[44,132674,362],{"class":58},[44,132676,60110],{"class":62},[44,132678,362],{"class":58},[44,132680,5025],{"class":80},[44,132682,27447],{"class":3324},[44,132684,132685],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,132686,132687],{"class":3324},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[267,132689,132690],{"id":128024},[15,132691,124003],{},[139,132693,132694,132696],{},[142,132695,132638],{},[142,132697,11084,132698,132700],{},[15,132699,65517],{}," if nothing is found",[35,132702,132704],{"className":37,"code":132703,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132705,132706,132718,132742],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132707,132708,132710,132712,132714,132716],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132709,51],{"class":50},[44,132711,55],{"class":54},[44,132713,59],{"class":58},[44,132715,986],{"class":62},[44,132717,66],{"class":58},[44,132719,132720,132722,132724,132726,132728,132730,132732,132734,132736,132738,132740],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,132721,95],{"class":94},[44,132723,98],{"class":80},[44,132725,194],{"class":84},[44,132727,81],{"class":80},[44,132729,128024],{"class":84},[44,132731,98],{"class":80},[44,132733,362],{"class":58},[44,132735,60110],{"class":62},[44,132737,362],{"class":58},[44,132739,5025],{"class":80},[44,132741,27447],{"class":3324},[44,132743,132744,132746,132748,132750,132752,132754,132756,132758,132760,132762,132764],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,132745,95],{"class":94},[44,132747,98],{"class":80},[44,132749,194],{"class":84},[44,132751,81],{"class":80},[44,132753,128024],{"class":84},[44,132755,98],{"class":80},[44,132757,362],{"class":58},[44,132759,21744],{"class":62},[44,132761,362],{"class":58},[44,132763,5025],{"class":80},[44,132765,128380],{"class":3324},[20,132767,119,132768,132770],{},[15,132769,58630],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,132772,119,132773,132775],{},[15,132774,124003],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,132777,132778,132779,2532,132784,81],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[243,132780,132781,132783],{"href":129642},[15,132782,132512],{}," method reference",[243,132785,127036],{"href":132786},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[30,132788,1238],{"id":1237},[20,132790,132791,132792,2539],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,132793,58630],{},[139,132795,132796,132799,132806,132811,132816],{},[142,132797,132798],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[142,132800,1246,132801,8116,132803,132805],{},[15,132802,58630],{},[15,132804,65517],{}," when no match exists",[142,132807,675,132808,132810],{},[15,132809,58630],{}," on a value that may not be present",[142,132812,132813,132814],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,132815,2643],{},[142,132817,4244,132818,132820],{},[15,132819,58630],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,132822,61958],{},[35,132824,132826],{"className":37,"code":132825,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,132827,132828,132838,132852,132874,132896],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132829,132830,132832,132834,132836],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132831,95],{"class":94},[44,132833,98],{"class":80},[44,132835,194],{"class":84},[44,132837,104],{"class":80},[44,132839,132840,132842,132844,132846,132848,132850],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,132841,95],{"class":94},[44,132843,98],{"class":80},[44,132845,617],{"class":94},[44,132847,98],{"class":80},[44,132849,194],{"class":84},[44,132851,370],{"class":80},[44,132853,132854,132856,132858,132860,132862,132864,132866,132868,132870,132872],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,132855,95],{"class":94},[44,132857,98],{"class":80},[44,132859,194],{"class":84},[44,132861,81],{"class":80},[44,132863,35510],{"class":84},[44,132865,98],{"class":80},[44,132867,362],{"class":58},[44,132869,2126],{"class":62},[44,132871,362],{"class":58},[44,132873,370],{"class":80},[44,132875,132876,132878,132880,132882,132884,132886,132888,132890,132892,132894],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,132877,95],{"class":94},[44,132879,98],{"class":80},[44,132881,194],{"class":84},[44,132883,81],{"class":80},[44,132885,128024],{"class":84},[44,132887,98],{"class":80},[44,132889,362],{"class":58},[44,132891,2126],{"class":62},[44,132893,362],{"class":58},[44,132895,370],{"class":80},[44,132897,132898,132900,132902,132904,132906,132908,132910,132912,132914,132916,132918,132920,132922,132924],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,132899,95],{"class":94},[44,132901,98],{"class":80},[44,132903,194],{"class":84},[44,132905,81],{"class":80},[44,132907,35510],{"class":84},[44,132909,98],{"class":80},[44,132911,362],{"class":58},[44,132913,2126],{"class":62},[44,132915,362],{"class":58},[44,132917,2646],{"class":80},[44,132919,35716],{"class":84},[44,132921,2646],{"class":80},[44,132923,64703],{"class":84},[44,132925,370],{"class":80},[20,132927,132928],{},"Tips:",[139,132930,132931,132936,132941,132944],{},[142,132932,119,132933,132935],{},[15,132934,125926],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[142,132937,119,132938,132940],{},[15,132939,124003],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[142,132942,132943],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[142,132945,132946,132947],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,132948,1772],{},[30,132950,1478],{"id":1477},[267,132952,129503,132954,12378],{"id":132953},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,132955,58630],{},[20,132957,132958],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[267,132960,132962],{"id":132961},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,132964,76521,132965,81],{},[15,132966,40371],{},[267,132968,4842,132970,4057,132972,1520],{"id":132969},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,132971,58630],{},[15,132973,124003],{},[20,132975,132976,132978,132979,2049,132981,860],{},[15,132977,58630],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,132980,124003],{},[15,132982,65517],{},[267,132984,4832,132986,132988],{"id":132985},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,132987,58630],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,132990,132991],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[267,132993,132995,132996,124342],{"id":132994},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,132997,58630],{},[20,132999,129528],{},[30,133001,1545],{"id":1544},[139,133003,133004,133010,133014,133019,133025],{},[142,133005,133006],{},[243,133007,133008,1555],{"href":129642},[15,133009,132512],{},[142,133011,133012],{},[243,133013,124405],{"href":132786},[142,133015,133016],{},[243,133017,129603],{"href":133018},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[142,133020,133021],{},[243,133022,133023,1555],{"href":124456},[15,133024,58252],{},[142,133026,133027],{},[243,133028,30015,133029],{"href":132613},[15,133030,128970],{},[1577,133032,133033],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":133035},[133036,133037,133039,133040,133041,133042,133044,133049,133050,133061],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":131672,"depth":69,"text":133038},"What str.index() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":37685,"depth":69,"text":37686},{"id":65069,"depth":69,"text":65852},{"id":132434,"depth":69,"text":133043},"When index() causes an error",{"id":132618,"depth":69,"text":133045,"children":133046},"index() vs find()",[133047,133048],{"id":35510,"depth":91,"text":58630},{"id":128024,"depth":91,"text":124003},{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":133051},[133052,133054,133055,133057,133059],{"id":132953,"depth":91,"text":133053},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":132961,"depth":91,"text":132962},{"id":132969,"depth":91,"text":133056},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":132985,"depth":91,"text":133058},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":132994,"depth":91,"text":133060},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131581,"description":133062},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133069,"title":133070,"body":133071,"description":135844,"extension":1611,"meta":135845,"navigation":184,"path":135846,"seo":135847,"stem":135848,"__hash__":135849},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133072,"toc":135780},[133073,133079,133084,133087,133090,133101,133103,133172,133174,133188,133193,133198,133203,133205,133248,133250,133333,133335,133381,133387,133389,133391,133411,133413,133436,133438,133512,133514,133533,133538,133540,133544,133616,133618,133632,133636,133712,133714,133733,133737,133831,133833,133842,133849,133925,133927,133945,133949,133952,133959,134008,134010,134018,134025,134084,134086,134104,134107,134114,134173,134175,134193,134200,134256,134258,134267,134271,134276,134280,134339,134341,134359,134363,134410,134415,134418,134487,134489,134506,134513,134519,134574,134579,134582,134659,134661,134679,134685,134691,134751,134753,134772,134778,134781,134788,134841,134846,134848,134909,134918,134925,134927,134984,134989,134991,135062,135066,135121,135123,135132,135137,135143,135212,135214,135246,135252,135260,135267,135273,135338,135340,135349,135355,135436,135438,135447,135452,135466,135473,135477,135482,135510,135512,135645,135648,135685,135687,135693,135702,135707,135710,135715,135720,135726,135729,135738,135741,135743,135772,135777],[10,133074,13,133076,18],{"id":133075},"python-string-join-method",[15,133077,133078],{},"join()",[20,133080,123015,133081,133083],{},[15,133082,133078],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133085,133086],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133088,133089],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[139,133091,133092,133098],{},[142,133093,133094,133095,133097],{},"You call ",[15,133096,133078],{}," on the separator string",[142,133099,133100],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[30,133102,33],{"id":32},[35,133104,133106],{"className":37,"code":133105,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133107,133108,133141,133162],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133109,133110,133112,133114,133116,133118,133120,133122,133124,133126,133128,133130,133132,133134,133137,133139],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133111,3732],{"class":50},[44,133113,55],{"class":54},[44,133115,3281],{"class":80},[44,133117,362],{"class":58},[44,133119,6959],{"class":62},[44,133121,362],{"class":58},[44,133123,2646],{"class":80},[44,133125,59],{"class":58},[44,133127,11856],{"class":62},[44,133129,362],{"class":58},[44,133131,2646],{"class":80},[44,133133,59],{"class":58},[44,133135,133136],{"class":62},"fun",[44,133138,362],{"class":58},[44,133140,3294],{"class":80},[44,133142,133143,133145,133147,133149,133151,133153,133156,133158,133160],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,133144,1880],{"class":50},[44,133146,55],{"class":54},[44,133148,59],{"class":58},[44,133150,59],{"class":58},[44,133152,81],{"class":80},[44,133154,133155],{"class":84},"join",[44,133157,98],{"class":80},[44,133159,3776],{"class":84},[44,133161,104],{"class":80},[44,133163,133164,133166,133168,133170],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,133165,95],{"class":94},[44,133167,98],{"class":80},[44,133169,1915],{"class":84},[44,133171,104],{"class":80},[20,133173,107],{},[35,133175,133177],{"className":37,"code":133176,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python is fun\n",[15,133178,133179],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133180,133181,133183,133185],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133182,3234],{"class":50},[44,133184,11856],{"class":54},[44,133186,133187],{"class":50}," fun\n",[20,133189,119,133190,133192],{},[15,133191,133078],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[30,133194,126,133196,129],{"id":133195},"what-join-does",[15,133197,133078],{},[20,133199,133200,133202],{},[15,133201,133078],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133204,11119],{},[139,133206,133207,133214,133242,133245],{},[142,133208,133209,133210,133213],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133211,133212],{},".join()"," as the separator",[142,133215,133216,133217],{},"Common separators are:\n",[139,133218,133219,133225,133231,133237],{},[142,133220,133221,133224],{},[15,133222,133223],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[142,133226,133227,133230],{},[15,133228,133229],{},"\", \""," for commas",[142,133232,133233,133236],{},[15,133234,133235],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[142,133238,133239,133241],{},[15,133240,5937],{}," for no separator",[142,133243,133244],{},"It returns a new string",[142,133246,133247],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133249,161],{},[35,133251,133253],{"className":37,"code":133252,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133254,133255,133287,133309,133313,133323],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133256,133257,133259,133261,133263,133265,133267,133269,133271,133273,133275,133277,133279,133281,133283,133285],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133258,3732],{"class":50},[44,133260,55],{"class":54},[44,133262,3281],{"class":80},[44,133264,362],{"class":58},[44,133266,12755],{"class":62},[44,133268,362],{"class":58},[44,133270,2646],{"class":80},[44,133272,59],{"class":58},[44,133274,17121],{"class":62},[44,133276,362],{"class":58},[44,133278,2646],{"class":80},[44,133280,59],{"class":58},[44,133282,12772],{"class":62},[44,133284,362],{"class":58},[44,133286,3294],{"class":80},[44,133288,133289,133291,133293,133295,133297,133299,133301,133303,133305,133307],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,133290,1880],{"class":50},[44,133292,55],{"class":54},[44,133294,59],{"class":58},[44,133296,839],{"class":62},[44,133298,362],{"class":58},[44,133300,81],{"class":80},[44,133302,133155],{"class":84},[44,133304,98],{"class":80},[44,133306,3776],{"class":84},[44,133308,104],{"class":80},[44,133310,133311],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,133312,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,133314,133315,133317,133319,133321],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,133316,95],{"class":94},[44,133318,98],{"class":80},[44,133320,1915],{"class":84},[44,133322,104],{"class":80},[44,133324,133325,133327,133329,133331],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,133326,95],{"class":94},[44,133328,98],{"class":80},[44,133330,3776],{"class":84},[44,133332,104],{"class":80},[20,133334,107],{},[35,133336,133338],{"className":37,"code":133337,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133339,133340,133353],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133341,133342,133344,133346,133349,133351],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133343,12755],{"class":50},[44,133345,2646],{"class":80},[44,133347,133348],{"class":50}," green",[44,133350,2646],{"class":80},[44,133352,35545],{"class":50},[44,133354,133355,133357,133359,133361,133363,133365,133367,133369,133371,133373,133375,133377,133379],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,133356,3561],{"class":80},[44,133358,655],{"class":58},[44,133360,12755],{"class":62},[44,133362,655],{"class":58},[44,133364,2646],{"class":80},[44,133366,2955],{"class":58},[44,133368,17121],{"class":62},[44,133370,655],{"class":58},[44,133372,2646],{"class":80},[44,133374,2955],{"class":58},[44,133376,12772],{"class":62},[44,133378,655],{"class":58},[44,133380,3294],{"class":80},[20,133382,133383,133384,133386],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133385,133078],{}," creates a new string.",[30,133388,250],{"id":249},[20,133390,6880],{},[35,133392,133394],{"className":37,"code":133393,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133395,133396],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133397,133398,133401,133403,133405,133407,133409],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133399,133400],{"class":50},"separator",[44,133402,81],{"class":80},[44,133404,133155],{"class":84},[44,133406,98],{"class":80},[44,133408,3381],{"class":84},[44,133410,104],{"class":80},[267,133412,48672],{"id":48671},[139,133414,133415,133428,133433],{},[142,133416,133417,133419,133420,839,133422,839,133424,843,133426],{},[15,133418,133400],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133421,133223],{},[15,133423,133229],{},[15,133425,133235],{},[15,133427,5937],{},[142,133429,133430,133432],{},[15,133431,3381],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[142,133434,133435],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133437,161],{},[35,133439,133441],{"className":37,"code":133440,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133442,133443,133475,133498,133502],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133444,133445,133447,133449,133451,133453,133455,133457,133459,133461,133463,133465,133467,133469,133471,133473],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133446,4657],{"class":50},[44,133448,55],{"class":54},[44,133450,3281],{"class":80},[44,133452,362],{"class":58},[44,133454,12543],{"class":62},[44,133456,362],{"class":58},[44,133458,2646],{"class":80},[44,133460,59],{"class":58},[44,133462,35605],{"class":62},[44,133464,362],{"class":58},[44,133466,2646],{"class":80},[44,133468,59],{"class":58},[44,133470,35614],{"class":62},[44,133472,362],{"class":58},[44,133474,3294],{"class":80},[44,133476,133477,133479,133481,133483,133486,133488,133490,133492,133494,133496],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,133478,1880],{"class":50},[44,133480,55],{"class":54},[44,133482,59],{"class":58},[44,133484,133485],{"class":62}," | ",[44,133487,362],{"class":58},[44,133489,81],{"class":80},[44,133491,133155],{"class":84},[44,133493,98],{"class":80},[44,133495,4701],{"class":84},[44,133497,104],{"class":80},[44,133499,133500],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,133501,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,133503,133504,133506,133508,133510],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,133505,95],{"class":94},[44,133507,98],{"class":80},[44,133509,1915],{"class":84},[44,133511,104],{"class":80},[20,133513,107],{},[35,133515,133517],{"className":37,"code":133516,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133518,133519],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133520,133521,133524,133526,133529,133531],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133522,133523],{"class":50},"Ana ",[44,133525,113519],{"class":54},[44,133527,133528],{"class":50}," Ben ",[44,133530,113519],{"class":54},[44,133532,35686],{"class":50},[20,133534,133535,133536,81],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[243,133537,246],{"href":245},[30,133539,121543],{"id":121542},[267,133541,133543],{"id":133542},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[35,133545,133547],{"className":37,"code":133546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133548,133549,133582,133602,133606],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133550,133551,133553,133555,133557,133559,133561,133563,133565,133567,133569,133571,133573,133575,133578,133580],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133552,3732],{"class":50},[44,133554,55],{"class":54},[44,133556,3281],{"class":80},[44,133558,362],{"class":58},[44,133560,6959],{"class":62},[44,133562,362],{"class":58},[44,133564,2646],{"class":80},[44,133566,59],{"class":58},[44,133568,11856],{"class":62},[44,133570,362],{"class":58},[44,133572,2646],{"class":80},[44,133574,59],{"class":58},[44,133576,133577],{"class":62},"easy",[44,133579,362],{"class":58},[44,133581,3294],{"class":80},[44,133583,133584,133586,133588,133590,133592,133594,133596,133598,133600],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,133585,1880],{"class":50},[44,133587,55],{"class":54},[44,133589,59],{"class":58},[44,133591,59],{"class":58},[44,133593,81],{"class":80},[44,133595,133155],{"class":84},[44,133597,98],{"class":80},[44,133599,3776],{"class":84},[44,133601,104],{"class":80},[44,133603,133604],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,133605,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,133607,133608,133610,133612,133614],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,133609,95],{"class":94},[44,133611,98],{"class":80},[44,133613,1915],{"class":84},[44,133615,104],{"class":80},[20,133617,107],{},[35,133619,133621],{"className":37,"code":133620,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python is easy\n",[15,133622,133623],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133624,133625,133627,133629],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133626,3234],{"class":50},[44,133628,11856],{"class":54},[44,133630,133631],{"class":50}," easy\n",[267,133633,133635],{"id":133634},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[35,133637,133639],{"className":37,"code":133638,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133640,133641,133676,133698,133702],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133642,133643,133645,133647,133649,133651,133654,133656,133658,133660,133663,133665,133667,133669,133672,133674],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133644,7441],{"class":50},[44,133646,55],{"class":54},[44,133648,3281],{"class":80},[44,133650,362],{"class":58},[44,133652,133653],{"class":62},"apples",[44,133655,362],{"class":58},[44,133657,2646],{"class":80},[44,133659,59],{"class":58},[44,133661,133662],{"class":62},"bananas",[44,133664,362],{"class":58},[44,133666,2646],{"class":80},[44,133668,59],{"class":58},[44,133670,133671],{"class":62},"oranges",[44,133673,362],{"class":58},[44,133675,3294],{"class":80},[44,133677,133678,133680,133682,133684,133686,133688,133690,133692,133694,133696],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,133679,1880],{"class":50},[44,133681,55],{"class":54},[44,133683,59],{"class":58},[44,133685,839],{"class":62},[44,133687,362],{"class":58},[44,133689,81],{"class":80},[44,133691,133155],{"class":84},[44,133693,98],{"class":80},[44,133695,7472],{"class":84},[44,133697,104],{"class":80},[44,133699,133700],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,133701,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,133703,133704,133706,133708,133710],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,133705,95],{"class":94},[44,133707,98],{"class":80},[44,133709,1915],{"class":84},[44,133711,104],{"class":80},[20,133713,107],{},[35,133715,133717],{"className":37,"code":133716,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,133718,133719],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133720,133721,133723,133725,133728,133730],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133722,133653],{"class":50},[44,133724,2646],{"class":80},[44,133726,133727],{"class":50}," bananas",[44,133729,2646],{"class":80},[44,133731,133732],{"class":50}," oranges\n",[267,133734,133736],{"id":133735},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[35,133738,133740],{"className":37,"code":133739,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133741,133742,133799,133817,133821],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133743,133744,133746,133748,133750,133752,133755,133757,133759,133761,133763,133765,133767,133769,133771,133773,133775,133777,133779,133781,133783,133785,133787,133789,133791,133793,133795,133797],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133745,35755],{"class":50},[44,133747,55],{"class":54},[44,133749,3281],{"class":80},[44,133751,362],{"class":58},[44,133753,133754],{"class":62},"P",[44,133756,362],{"class":58},[44,133758,2646],{"class":80},[44,133760,59],{"class":58},[44,133762,11407],{"class":62},[44,133764,362],{"class":58},[44,133766,2646],{"class":80},[44,133768,59],{"class":58},[44,133770,1107],{"class":62},[44,133772,362],{"class":58},[44,133774,2646],{"class":80},[44,133776,59],{"class":58},[44,133778,60101],{"class":62},[44,133780,362],{"class":58},[44,133782,2646],{"class":80},[44,133784,59],{"class":58},[44,133786,60136],{"class":62},[44,133788,362],{"class":58},[44,133790,2646],{"class":80},[44,133792,59],{"class":58},[44,133794,75693],{"class":62},[44,133796,362],{"class":58},[44,133798,3294],{"class":80},[44,133800,133801,133803,133805,133807,133809,133811,133813,133815],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,133802,1880],{"class":50},[44,133804,55],{"class":54},[44,133806,5792],{"class":58},[44,133808,81],{"class":80},[44,133810,133155],{"class":84},[44,133812,98],{"class":80},[44,133814,35808],{"class":84},[44,133816,104],{"class":80},[44,133818,133819],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,133820,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,133822,133823,133825,133827,133829],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,133824,95],{"class":94},[44,133826,98],{"class":80},[44,133828,1915],{"class":84},[44,133830,104],{"class":80},[20,133832,107],{},[35,133834,133836],{"className":37,"code":133835,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python\n",[15,133837,133838],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133839,133840],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133841,133835],{"class":50},[267,133843,133845,133846,133848],{"id":133844},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,133847,133078],{}," returns the result",[35,133850,133852],{"className":37,"code":133851,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,133853,133854,133887,133910,133914],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133855,133856,133858,133860,133862,133864,133866,133868,133870,133872,133874,133876,133878,133880,133883,133885],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133857,3732],{"class":50},[44,133859,55],{"class":54},[44,133861,3281],{"class":80},[44,133863,362],{"class":58},[44,133865,6249],{"class":62},[44,133867,362],{"class":58},[44,133869,2646],{"class":80},[44,133871,59],{"class":58},[44,133873,78934],{"class":62},[44,133875,362],{"class":58},[44,133877,2646],{"class":80},[44,133879,59],{"class":58},[44,133881,133882],{"class":62},"three",[44,133884,362],{"class":58},[44,133886,3294],{"class":80},[44,133888,133889,133892,133894,133896,133898,133900,133902,133904,133906,133908],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,133890,133891],{"class":50},"joined_text ",[44,133893,55],{"class":54},[44,133895,59],{"class":58},[44,133897,1672],{"class":62},[44,133899,362],{"class":58},[44,133901,81],{"class":80},[44,133903,133155],{"class":84},[44,133905,98],{"class":80},[44,133907,3776],{"class":84},[44,133909,104],{"class":80},[44,133911,133912],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,133913,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,133915,133916,133918,133920,133923],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,133917,95],{"class":94},[44,133919,98],{"class":80},[44,133921,133922],{"class":84},"joined_text",[44,133924,104],{"class":80},[20,133926,107],{},[35,133928,133930],{"className":37,"code":133929,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"one-two-three\n",[15,133931,133932],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133933,133934,133936,133938,133940,133942],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133935,6249],{"class":50},[44,133937,1672],{"class":54},[44,133939,78934],{"class":50},[44,133941,1672],{"class":54},[44,133943,133944],{"class":50},"three\n",[30,133946,133948],{"id":133947},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,133950,133951],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[267,133953,133955,133958],{"id":133954},"join-adds-spaces",[15,133956,133957],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[35,133960,133962],{"className":37,"code":133961,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,133963,133964,133988],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133965,133966,133968,133970,133972,133974,133976,133978,133980,133982,133984,133986],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133967,3732],{"class":50},[44,133969,55],{"class":54},[44,133971,3281],{"class":80},[44,133973,362],{"class":58},[44,133975,986],{"class":62},[44,133977,362],{"class":58},[44,133979,2646],{"class":80},[44,133981,59],{"class":58},[44,133983,60254],{"class":62},[44,133985,362],{"class":58},[44,133987,3294],{"class":80},[44,133989,133990,133992,133994,133996,133998,134000,134002,134004,134006],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,133991,95],{"class":94},[44,133993,98],{"class":80},[44,133995,362],{"class":58},[44,133997,59],{"class":58},[44,133999,81],{"class":80},[44,134001,133155],{"class":84},[44,134003,98],{"class":80},[44,134005,3776],{"class":84},[44,134007,370],{"class":80},[20,134009,107],{},[35,134011,134012],{"className":37,"code":224,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,134013,134014],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134015,134016],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134017,224],{"class":50},[267,134019,134021,134024],{"id":134020},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134022,134023],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[35,134026,134028],{"className":37,"code":134027,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134029,134030,134062],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134031,134032,134034,134036,134038,134040,134042,134044,134046,134048,134050,134052,134054,134056,134058,134060],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134033,12738],{"class":50},[44,134035,55],{"class":54},[44,134037,3281],{"class":80},[44,134039,362],{"class":58},[44,134041,12755],{"class":62},[44,134043,362],{"class":58},[44,134045,2646],{"class":80},[44,134047,59],{"class":58},[44,134049,12772],{"class":62},[44,134051,362],{"class":58},[44,134053,2646],{"class":80},[44,134055,59],{"class":58},[44,134057,17121],{"class":62},[44,134059,362],{"class":58},[44,134061,3294],{"class":80},[44,134063,134064,134066,134068,134070,134072,134074,134076,134078,134080,134082],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,134065,95],{"class":94},[44,134067,98],{"class":80},[44,134069,362],{"class":58},[44,134071,839],{"class":62},[44,134073,362],{"class":58},[44,134075,81],{"class":80},[44,134077,133155],{"class":84},[44,134079,98],{"class":80},[44,134081,17168],{"class":84},[44,134083,370],{"class":80},[20,134085,107],{},[35,134087,134089],{"className":37,"code":134088,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134090,134091],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134092,134093,134095,134097,134100,134102],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134094,12755],{"class":50},[44,134096,2646],{"class":80},[44,134098,134099],{"class":50}," blue",[44,134101,2646],{"class":80},[44,134103,35538],{"class":50},[20,134105,134106],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[267,134108,134110,134113],{"id":134109},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134111,134112],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[35,134115,134117],{"className":37,"code":134116,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134118,134119,134151],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134120,134121,134123,134125,134127,134129,134131,134133,134135,134137,134139,134141,134143,134145,134147,134149],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134122,42501],{"class":50},[44,134124,55],{"class":54},[44,134126,3281],{"class":80},[44,134128,362],{"class":58},[44,134130,39],{"class":62},[44,134132,362],{"class":58},[44,134134,2646],{"class":80},[44,134136,59],{"class":58},[44,134138,60837],{"class":62},[44,134140,362],{"class":58},[44,134142,2646],{"class":80},[44,134144,59],{"class":58},[44,134146,133155],{"class":62},[44,134148,362],{"class":58},[44,134150,3294],{"class":80},[44,134152,134153,134155,134157,134159,134161,134163,134165,134167,134169,134171],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,134154,95],{"class":94},[44,134156,98],{"class":80},[44,134158,362],{"class":58},[44,134160,1672],{"class":62},[44,134162,362],{"class":58},[44,134164,81],{"class":80},[44,134166,133155],{"class":84},[44,134168,98],{"class":80},[44,134170,42532],{"class":84},[44,134172,370],{"class":80},[20,134174,107],{},[35,134176,134178],{"className":37,"code":134177,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"python-string-join\n",[15,134179,134180],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134181,134182,134184,134186,134188,134190],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134183,39],{"class":50},[44,134185,1672],{"class":54},[44,134187,60837],{"class":50},[44,134189,1672],{"class":54},[44,134191,134192],{"class":50},"join\n",[267,134194,134196,134199],{"id":134195},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134197,134198],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[35,134201,134203],{"className":37,"code":134202,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134204,134205,134238],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134206,134207,134209,134211,134213,134215,134217,134219,134221,134223,134225,134227,134229,134231,134234,134236],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134208,112591],{"class":50},[44,134210,55],{"class":54},[44,134212,3281],{"class":80},[44,134214,362],{"class":58},[44,134216,21912],{"class":62},[44,134218,362],{"class":58},[44,134220,2646],{"class":80},[44,134222,59],{"class":58},[44,134224,30268],{"class":62},[44,134226,362],{"class":58},[44,134228,2646],{"class":80},[44,134230,59],{"class":58},[44,134232,134233],{"class":62},"C",[44,134235,362],{"class":58},[44,134237,3294],{"class":80},[44,134239,134240,134242,134244,134246,134248,134250,134252,134254],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,134241,95],{"class":94},[44,134243,98],{"class":80},[44,134245,5937],{"class":58},[44,134247,81],{"class":80},[44,134249,133155],{"class":84},[44,134251,98],{"class":80},[44,134253,390],{"class":84},[44,134255,370],{"class":80},[20,134257,107],{},[35,134259,134261],{"className":37,"code":134260,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ABC\n",[15,134262,134263],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134264,134265],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134266,134260],{"class":605},[30,134268,134270],{"id":134269},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134272,134273,134275],{},[15,134274,133078],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[267,134277,134279],{"id":134278},"this-works","This works",[35,134281,134283],{"className":37,"code":134282,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134284,134285,134317],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134286,134287,134289,134291,134293,134295,134297,134299,134301,134303,134305,134307,134309,134311,134313,134315],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134288,3484],{"class":50},[44,134290,55],{"class":54},[44,134292,3281],{"class":80},[44,134294,362],{"class":58},[44,134296,1982],{"class":62},[44,134298,362],{"class":58},[44,134300,2646],{"class":80},[44,134302,59],{"class":58},[44,134304,15418],{"class":62},[44,134306,362],{"class":58},[44,134308,2646],{"class":80},[44,134310,59],{"class":58},[44,134312,36506],{"class":62},[44,134314,362],{"class":58},[44,134316,3294],{"class":80},[44,134318,134319,134321,134323,134325,134327,134329,134331,134333,134335,134337],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,134320,95],{"class":94},[44,134322,98],{"class":80},[44,134324,362],{"class":58},[44,134326,839],{"class":62},[44,134328,362],{"class":58},[44,134330,81],{"class":80},[44,134332,133155],{"class":84},[44,134334,98],{"class":80},[44,134336,5022],{"class":84},[44,134338,370],{"class":80},[20,134340,107],{},[35,134342,134344],{"className":37,"code":134343,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134345,134346],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134347,134348,134350,134352,134354,134356],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134349,1982],{"class":1675},[44,134351,2646],{"class":80},[44,134353,7452],{"class":1675},[44,134355,2646],{"class":80},[44,134357,134358],{"class":1675}," 30\n",[267,134360,134362],{"id":134361},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[35,134364,134366],{"className":37,"code":134365,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134367,134368,134388],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134369,134370,134372,134374,134376,134378,134380,134382,134384,134386],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134371,3484],{"class":50},[44,134373,55],{"class":54},[44,134375,3281],{"class":80},[44,134377,2643],{"class":1675},[44,134379,2646],{"class":80},[44,134381,2649],{"class":1675},[44,134383,2646],{"class":80},[44,134385,2104],{"class":1675},[44,134387,3294],{"class":80},[44,134389,134390,134392,134394,134396,134398,134400,134402,134404,134406,134408],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,134391,95],{"class":94},[44,134393,98],{"class":80},[44,134395,362],{"class":58},[44,134397,839],{"class":62},[44,134399,362],{"class":58},[44,134401,81],{"class":80},[44,134403,133155],{"class":84},[44,134405,98],{"class":80},[44,134407,5022],{"class":84},[44,134409,370],{"class":80},[20,134411,89970,134412,134414],{},[15,134413,2662],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134416,134417],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[35,134419,134421],{"className":37,"code":134420,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134422,134423,134443,134473,134477],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134424,134425,134427,134429,134431,134433,134435,134437,134439,134441],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134426,3484],{"class":50},[44,134428,55],{"class":54},[44,134430,3281],{"class":80},[44,134432,2643],{"class":1675},[44,134434,2646],{"class":80},[44,134436,2649],{"class":1675},[44,134438,2646],{"class":80},[44,134440,2104],{"class":1675},[44,134442,3294],{"class":80},[44,134444,134445,134447,134449,134451,134453,134455,134457,134459,134461,134463,134465,134467,134469,134471],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,134446,1880],{"class":50},[44,134448,55],{"class":54},[44,134450,59],{"class":58},[44,134452,839],{"class":62},[44,134454,362],{"class":58},[44,134456,81],{"class":80},[44,134458,133155],{"class":84},[44,134460,98],{"class":80},[44,134462,39526],{"class":94},[44,134464,98],{"class":80},[44,134466,1462],{"class":1461},[44,134468,2646],{"class":80},[44,134470,420],{"class":84},[44,134472,370],{"class":80},[44,134474,134475],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,134476,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,134478,134479,134481,134483,134485],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,134480,95],{"class":94},[44,134482,98],{"class":80},[44,134484,1915],{"class":84},[44,134486,104],{"class":80},[20,134488,107],{},[35,134490,134492],{"className":37,"code":134491,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134493,134494],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134495,134496,134498,134500,134502,134504],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134497,2643],{"class":1675},[44,134499,2646],{"class":80},[44,134501,2649],{"class":1675},[44,134503,2646],{"class":80},[44,134505,2231],{"class":1675},[20,134507,134508,134509,81],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[243,134510,3234,134511,3167],{"href":41839},[15,134512,47346],{},[267,134514,134516,134518],{"id":134515},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134517,3439],{}," values do not work directly",[35,134520,134522],{"className":37,"code":134521,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134523,134524,134552],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134525,134526,134528,134530,134532,134534,134536,134538,134540,134542,134544,134546,134548,134550],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134527,3484],{"class":50},[44,134529,55],{"class":54},[44,134531,3281],{"class":80},[44,134533,362],{"class":58},[44,134535,3741],{"class":62},[44,134537,362],{"class":58},[44,134539,2646],{"class":80},[44,134541,3514],{"class":3513},[44,134543,2646],{"class":80},[44,134545,59],{"class":58},[44,134547,3750],{"class":62},[44,134549,362],{"class":58},[44,134551,3294],{"class":80},[44,134553,134554,134556,134558,134560,134562,134564,134566,134568,134570,134572],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,134555,95],{"class":94},[44,134557,98],{"class":80},[44,134559,362],{"class":58},[44,134561,839],{"class":62},[44,134563,362],{"class":58},[44,134565,81],{"class":80},[44,134567,133155],{"class":84},[44,134569,98],{"class":80},[44,134571,5022],{"class":84},[44,134573,370],{"class":80},[20,134575,134576,134577,81],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134578,2662],{},[20,134580,134581],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[35,134583,134585],{"className":37,"code":134584,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134586,134587,134615,134645,134649],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134588,134589,134591,134593,134595,134597,134599,134601,134603,134605,134607,134609,134611,134613],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134590,3484],{"class":50},[44,134592,55],{"class":54},[44,134594,3281],{"class":80},[44,134596,362],{"class":58},[44,134598,3741],{"class":62},[44,134600,362],{"class":58},[44,134602,2646],{"class":80},[44,134604,3514],{"class":3513},[44,134606,2646],{"class":80},[44,134608,59],{"class":58},[44,134610,3750],{"class":62},[44,134612,362],{"class":58},[44,134614,3294],{"class":80},[44,134616,134617,134619,134621,134623,134625,134627,134629,134631,134633,134635,134637,134639,134641,134643],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,134618,1880],{"class":50},[44,134620,55],{"class":54},[44,134622,59],{"class":58},[44,134624,839],{"class":62},[44,134626,362],{"class":58},[44,134628,81],{"class":80},[44,134630,133155],{"class":84},[44,134632,98],{"class":80},[44,134634,39526],{"class":94},[44,134636,98],{"class":80},[44,134638,1462],{"class":1461},[44,134640,2646],{"class":80},[44,134642,420],{"class":84},[44,134644,370],{"class":80},[44,134646,134647],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,134648,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,134650,134651,134653,134655,134657],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,134652,95],{"class":94},[44,134654,98],{"class":80},[44,134656,1915],{"class":84},[44,134658,104],{"class":80},[20,134660,107],{},[35,134662,134664],{"className":37,"code":134663,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134665,134666],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134667,134668,134670,134672,134674,134676],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134669,3741],{"class":50},[44,134671,2646],{"class":80},[44,134673,3514],{"class":3513},[44,134675,2646],{"class":80},[44,134677,134678],{"class":50}," banana\n",[20,134680,134681,134682,134684],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134683,3439],{}," values instead of converting them.",[267,134686,134688,134690],{"id":134687},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134689,133078],{}," also works with tuples",[35,134692,134694],{"className":37,"code":134693,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134695,134696,134728],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134697,134698,134700,134702,134704,134706,134708,134710,134712,134714,134716,134718,134720,134722,134724,134726],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134699,4657],{"class":50},[44,134701,55],{"class":54},[44,134703,8896],{"class":80},[44,134705,362],{"class":58},[44,134707,7338],{"class":62},[44,134709,362],{"class":58},[44,134711,2646],{"class":80},[44,134713,59],{"class":58},[44,134715,131086],{"class":62},[44,134717,362],{"class":58},[44,134719,2646],{"class":80},[44,134721,59],{"class":58},[44,134723,7583],{"class":62},[44,134725,362],{"class":58},[44,134727,104],{"class":80},[44,134729,134730,134732,134734,134736,134739,134741,134743,134745,134747,134749],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,134731,95],{"class":94},[44,134733,98],{"class":80},[44,134735,362],{"class":58},[44,134737,134738],{"class":62}," \u002F ",[44,134740,362],{"class":58},[44,134742,81],{"class":80},[44,134744,133155],{"class":84},[44,134746,98],{"class":80},[44,134748,4701],{"class":84},[44,134750,370],{"class":80},[20,134752,107],{},[35,134754,134756],{"className":37,"code":134755,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,134757,134758],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134759,134760,134763,134765,134768,134770],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134761,134762],{"class":50},"Sam ",[44,134764,126892],{"class":54},[44,134766,134767],{"class":50}," Lee ",[44,134769,126892],{"class":54},[44,134771,22001],{"class":50},[30,134773,134775,134776],{"id":134774},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,134777,133078],{},[20,134779,134780],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[267,134782,134784,134785,134787],{"id":134783},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,134786,2662],{}," because not all items are strings",[35,134789,134791],{"className":37,"code":134790,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,134792,134793,134821],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134794,134795,134797,134799,134801,134803,134805,134807,134809,134811,134813,134815,134817,134819],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134796,7441],{"class":50},[44,134798,55],{"class":54},[44,134800,3281],{"class":80},[44,134802,362],{"class":58},[44,134804,243],{"class":62},[44,134806,362],{"class":58},[44,134808,2646],{"class":80},[44,134810,2649],{"class":1675},[44,134812,2646],{"class":80},[44,134814,59],{"class":58},[44,134816,846],{"class":62},[44,134818,362],{"class":58},[44,134820,3294],{"class":80},[44,134822,134823,134825,134827,134829,134831,134833,134835,134837,134839],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,134824,95],{"class":94},[44,134826,98],{"class":80},[44,134828,362],{"class":58},[44,134830,59],{"class":58},[44,134832,81],{"class":80},[44,134834,133155],{"class":84},[44,134836,98],{"class":80},[44,134838,7472],{"class":84},[44,134840,370],{"class":80},[20,134842,48172,134843,134845],{},[15,134844,1708],{}," is an integer.",[20,134847,38928],{},[35,134849,134851],{"className":37,"code":134850,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,134852,134853,134881],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134854,134855,134857,134859,134861,134863,134865,134867,134869,134871,134873,134875,134877,134879],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134856,7441],{"class":50},[44,134858,55],{"class":54},[44,134860,3281],{"class":80},[44,134862,362],{"class":58},[44,134864,243],{"class":62},[44,134866,362],{"class":58},[44,134868,2646],{"class":80},[44,134870,2649],{"class":1675},[44,134872,2646],{"class":80},[44,134874,59],{"class":58},[44,134876,846],{"class":62},[44,134878,362],{"class":58},[44,134880,3294],{"class":80},[44,134882,134883,134885,134887,134889,134891,134893,134895,134897,134899,134901,134903,134905,134907],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,134884,95],{"class":94},[44,134886,98],{"class":80},[44,134888,362],{"class":58},[44,134890,59],{"class":58},[44,134892,81],{"class":80},[44,134894,133155],{"class":84},[44,134896,98],{"class":80},[44,134898,39526],{"class":94},[44,134900,98],{"class":80},[44,134902,1462],{"class":1461},[44,134904,2646],{"class":80},[44,134906,5631],{"class":84},[44,134908,2567],{"class":80},[20,134910,134911,134912,81],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[243,134913,25347,134915],{"href":134914},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,134916,134917],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[267,134919,134921,134922,134924],{"id":134920},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,134923,133078],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,134926,4190],{},[35,134928,134930],{"className":37,"code":134929,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,134931,134932,134964],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134933,134934,134936,134938,134940,134942,134944,134946,134948,134950,134952,134954,134956,134958,134960,134962],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134935,3732],{"class":50},[44,134937,55],{"class":54},[44,134939,3281],{"class":80},[44,134941,362],{"class":58},[44,134943,6959],{"class":62},[44,134945,362],{"class":58},[44,134947,2646],{"class":80},[44,134949,59],{"class":58},[44,134951,11856],{"class":62},[44,134953,362],{"class":58},[44,134955,2646],{"class":80},[44,134957,59],{"class":58},[44,134959,133136],{"class":62},[44,134961,362],{"class":58},[44,134963,3294],{"class":80},[44,134965,134966,134968,134970,134972,134974,134976,134978,134980,134982],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,134967,1880],{"class":50},[44,134969,55],{"class":54},[44,134971,5834],{"class":50},[44,134973,81],{"class":80},[44,134975,133155],{"class":84},[44,134977,98],{"class":80},[44,134979,362],{"class":58},[44,134981,59],{"class":58},[44,134983,104],{"class":80},[20,134985,134986,134988],{},[15,134987,133078],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,134990,10467],{},[35,134992,134994],{"className":37,"code":134993,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134995,134996,135028,135048,135052],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134997,134998,135000,135002,135004,135006,135008,135010,135012,135014,135016,135018,135020,135022,135024,135026],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134999,3732],{"class":50},[44,135001,55],{"class":54},[44,135003,3281],{"class":80},[44,135005,362],{"class":58},[44,135007,6959],{"class":62},[44,135009,362],{"class":58},[44,135011,2646],{"class":80},[44,135013,59],{"class":58},[44,135015,11856],{"class":62},[44,135017,362],{"class":58},[44,135019,2646],{"class":80},[44,135021,59],{"class":58},[44,135023,133136],{"class":62},[44,135025,362],{"class":58},[44,135027,3294],{"class":80},[44,135029,135030,135032,135034,135036,135038,135040,135042,135044,135046],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,135031,1880],{"class":50},[44,135033,55],{"class":54},[44,135035,59],{"class":58},[44,135037,59],{"class":58},[44,135039,81],{"class":80},[44,135041,133155],{"class":84},[44,135043,98],{"class":80},[44,135045,3776],{"class":84},[44,135047,104],{"class":80},[44,135049,135050],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,135051,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,135053,135054,135056,135058,135060],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,135055,95],{"class":94},[44,135057,98],{"class":80},[44,135059,1915],{"class":84},[44,135061,104],{"class":80},[267,135063,135065],{"id":135064},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[35,135067,135069],{"className":37,"code":135068,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135070,135071,135103],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135072,135073,135075,135077,135079,135081,135083,135085,135087,135089,135091,135093,135095,135097,135099,135101],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135074,3732],{"class":50},[44,135076,55],{"class":54},[44,135078,3281],{"class":80},[44,135080,362],{"class":58},[44,135082,6249],{"class":62},[44,135084,362],{"class":58},[44,135086,2646],{"class":80},[44,135088,59],{"class":58},[44,135090,78934],{"class":62},[44,135092,362],{"class":58},[44,135094,2646],{"class":80},[44,135096,59],{"class":58},[44,135098,133882],{"class":62},[44,135100,362],{"class":58},[44,135102,3294],{"class":80},[44,135104,135105,135107,135109,135111,135113,135115,135117,135119],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,135106,95],{"class":94},[44,135108,98],{"class":80},[44,135110,5937],{"class":58},[44,135112,81],{"class":80},[44,135114,133155],{"class":84},[44,135116,98],{"class":80},[44,135118,3776],{"class":84},[44,135120,370],{"class":80},[20,135122,107],{},[35,135124,135126],{"className":37,"code":135125,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"onetwothree\n",[15,135127,135128],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135129,135130],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135131,135125],{"class":50},[20,135133,135134,135135,860],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135136,133223],{},[267,135138,135140,135141,146],{"id":135139},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135142,133078],{},[35,135144,135146],{"className":37,"code":135145,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135147,135148,135180,135198,135202],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135149,135150,135152,135154,135156,135158,135160,135162,135164,135166,135168,135170,135172,135174,135176,135178],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135151,3732],{"class":50},[44,135153,55],{"class":54},[44,135155,3281],{"class":80},[44,135157,362],{"class":58},[44,135159,243],{"class":62},[44,135161,362],{"class":58},[44,135163,2646],{"class":80},[44,135165,59],{"class":58},[44,135167,842],{"class":62},[44,135169,362],{"class":58},[44,135171,2646],{"class":80},[44,135173,59],{"class":58},[44,135175,846],{"class":62},[44,135177,362],{"class":58},[44,135179,3294],{"class":80},[44,135181,135182,135184,135186,135188,135190,135192,135194,135196],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,135183,362],{"class":654},[44,135185,1672],{"class":658},[44,135187,362],{"class":654},[44,135189,81],{"class":80},[44,135191,133155],{"class":84},[44,135193,98],{"class":80},[44,135195,3776],{"class":84},[44,135197,104],{"class":80},[44,135199,135200],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,135201,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,135203,135204,135206,135208,135210],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,135205,95],{"class":94},[44,135207,98],{"class":80},[44,135209,3776],{"class":84},[44,135211,104],{"class":80},[20,135213,107],{},[35,135215,135216],{"className":37,"code":42539,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,135217,135218],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135219,135220,135222,135224,135226,135228,135230,135232,135234,135236,135238,135240,135242,135244],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135221,3561],{"class":80},[44,135223,655],{"class":58},[44,135225,243],{"class":62},[44,135227,655],{"class":58},[44,135229,2646],{"class":80},[44,135231,2955],{"class":58},[44,135233,842],{"class":62},[44,135235,655],{"class":58},[44,135237,2646],{"class":80},[44,135239,2955],{"class":58},[44,135241,846],{"class":62},[44,135243,655],{"class":58},[44,135245,3294],{"class":80},[20,135247,135248,135249,135251],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135250,133078],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[30,135253,135255,135257,135258],{"id":135254},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135256,133078],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135259,1711],{},[20,135261,10250,135262,4057,135264,135266],{},[15,135263,133078],{},[15,135265,1711],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[267,135268,119,135270,135272],{"id":135269},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135271,1711],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[35,135274,135276],{"className":37,"code":135275,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135277,135278,135291,135304,135324,135328],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135279,135280,135283,135285,135287,135289],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135281,135282],{"class":50},"first ",[44,135284,55],{"class":54},[44,135286,59],{"class":58},[44,135288,34530],{"class":62},[44,135290,66],{"class":58},[44,135292,135293,135296,135298,135300,135302],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,135294,135295],{"class":50},"second ",[44,135297,55],{"class":54},[44,135299,59],{"class":58},[44,135301,89399],{"class":62},[44,135303,66],{"class":58},[44,135305,135306,135308,135310,135313,135315,135317,135319,135321],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,135307,1880],{"class":50},[44,135309,55],{"class":54},[44,135311,135312],{"class":50}," first ",[44,135314,1711],{"class":54},[44,135316,59],{"class":58},[44,135318,59],{"class":58},[44,135320,2107],{"class":54},[44,135322,135323],{"class":50}," second\n",[44,135325,135326],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,135327,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,135329,135330,135332,135334,135336],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,135331,95],{"class":94},[44,135333,98],{"class":80},[44,135335,1915],{"class":84},[44,135337,104],{"class":80},[20,135339,107],{},[35,135341,135343],{"className":37,"code":135342,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello World\n",[15,135344,135345],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135346,135347],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135348,135342],{"class":50},[267,135350,119,135352,135354],{"id":135351},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135353,133078],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[35,135356,135358],{"className":37,"code":135357,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135359,135360,135402,135422,135426],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135361,135362,135364,135366,135368,135370,135372,135374,135376,135378,135381,135383,135385,135387,135390,135392,135394,135396,135398,135400],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135363,3732],{"class":50},[44,135365,55],{"class":54},[44,135367,3281],{"class":80},[44,135369,362],{"class":58},[44,135371,6959],{"class":62},[44,135373,362],{"class":58},[44,135375,2646],{"class":80},[44,135377,59],{"class":58},[44,135379,135380],{"class":62},"makes",[44,135382,362],{"class":58},[44,135384,2646],{"class":80},[44,135386,59],{"class":58},[44,135388,135389],{"class":62},"this",[44,135391,362],{"class":58},[44,135393,2646],{"class":80},[44,135395,59],{"class":58},[44,135397,133577],{"class":62},[44,135399,362],{"class":58},[44,135401,3294],{"class":80},[44,135403,135404,135406,135408,135410,135412,135414,135416,135418,135420],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,135405,1880],{"class":50},[44,135407,55],{"class":54},[44,135409,59],{"class":58},[44,135411,59],{"class":58},[44,135413,81],{"class":80},[44,135415,133155],{"class":84},[44,135417,98],{"class":80},[44,135419,3776],{"class":84},[44,135421,104],{"class":80},[44,135423,135424],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,135425,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,135427,135428,135430,135432,135434],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,135429,95],{"class":94},[44,135431,98],{"class":80},[44,135433,1915],{"class":84},[44,135435,104],{"class":80},[20,135437,107],{},[35,135439,135441],{"className":37,"code":135440,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135442,135443],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135444,135445],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135446,135440],{"class":50},[20,135448,135449,135451],{},[15,135450,133078],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[139,135453,135454,135457,135460],{},[142,135455,135456],{},"You already have a list of strings",[142,135458,135459],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[142,135461,135462,135463,135465],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135464,1711],{}," operators",[20,135467,135468,135469,81],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[243,135470,135472],{"href":135471},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[30,135474,135476],{"id":135475},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135478,8534,135479,135481],{},[15,135480,133078],{}," is not working, check these first:",[139,135483,135484,135487,135492,135501,135507],{},[142,135485,135486],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[142,135488,135489,135490],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135491,3439],{},[142,135493,135494,135495,10752,135498],{},"You may have written ",[15,135496,135497],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135499,135500],{},"string.join(...)",[142,135502,135503,135504,135506],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135505,133078],{}," to change the original iterable",[142,135508,135509],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135511,94039],{},[35,135513,135515],{"className":37,"code":135514,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135516,135517,135531,135541,135565,135605],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135518,135519,135521,135523,135525,135527,135529],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135520,95],{"class":94},[44,135522,98],{"class":80},[44,135524,2880],{"class":1461},[44,135526,98],{"class":80},[44,135528,7472],{"class":84},[44,135530,370],{"class":80},[44,135532,135533,135535,135537,135539],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,135534,95],{"class":94},[44,135536,98],{"class":80},[44,135538,7472],{"class":84},[44,135540,104],{"class":80},[44,135542,135543,135545,135547,135549,135551,135553,135555,135557,135559,135561,135563],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,135544,95],{"class":94},[44,135546,2640],{"class":80},[44,135548,2880],{"class":1461},[44,135550,98],{"class":80},[44,135552,22978],{"class":84},[44,135554,3321],{"class":80},[44,135556,3538],{"class":524},[44,135558,5626],{"class":84},[44,135560,3544],{"class":524},[44,135562,5631],{"class":84},[44,135564,3549],{"class":80},[44,135566,135567,135569,135571,135573,135575,135577,135579,135581,135583,135585,135587,135589,135591,135593,135595,135597,135599,135601,135603],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,135568,95],{"class":94},[44,135570,98],{"class":80},[44,135572,655],{"class":58},[44,135574,2955],{"class":58},[44,135576,81],{"class":80},[44,135578,133155],{"class":84},[44,135580,2640],{"class":80},[44,135582,655],{"class":58},[44,135584,243],{"class":62},[44,135586,655],{"class":58},[44,135588,2646],{"class":80},[44,135590,2955],{"class":58},[44,135592,842],{"class":62},[44,135594,655],{"class":58},[44,135596,2646],{"class":80},[44,135598,2955],{"class":58},[44,135600,846],{"class":62},[44,135602,655],{"class":58},[44,135604,2656],{"class":80},[44,135606,135607,135609,135611,135613,135615,135617,135619,135621,135623,135625,135627,135629,135631,135633,135635,135637,135639,135641,135643],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,135608,95],{"class":94},[44,135610,98],{"class":80},[44,135612,655],{"class":58},[44,135614,839],{"class":62},[44,135616,655],{"class":58},[44,135618,81],{"class":80},[44,135620,133155],{"class":84},[44,135622,98],{"class":80},[44,135624,39526],{"class":94},[44,135626,98],{"class":80},[44,135628,1462],{"class":1461},[44,135630,2646],{"class":80},[44,135632,3281],{"class":80},[44,135634,2643],{"class":1675},[44,135636,2646],{"class":80},[44,135638,2649],{"class":1675},[44,135640,2646],{"class":80},[44,135642,2104],{"class":1675},[44,135644,36930],{"class":80},[20,135646,135647],{},"What these checks do:",[139,135649,135650,135658,135664,135670,135679],{},[142,135651,135652,135655,135656,7757],{},[15,135653,135654],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135657,7472],{},[142,135659,135660,135663],{},[15,135661,135662],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[142,135665,135666,135669],{},[15,135667,135668],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[142,135671,135672,135675,135676,135678],{},[15,135673,135674],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135677,133078],{}," behavior",[142,135680,135681,135684],{},[15,135682,135683],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[30,135686,1478],{"id":1477},[267,135688,1482,135690,135692],{"id":135689},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135691,133078],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135694,135695,135696,135698,135699,81],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135697,133078],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135700,135701],{},"map(str, values)",[267,135703,1482,135705,56825],{"id":135704},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,135706,133078],{},[20,135708,135709],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[267,135711,27996,135713,62298],{"id":135712},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,135714,133078],{},[20,135716,41816,135717,135719],{},[15,135718,133078],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[267,135721,1504,135723,39627],{"id":135722},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,135724,135725],{},"''.join(words)",[20,135727,135728],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[267,135730,135732,135733,135735,135736,1520],{"id":135731},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,135734,2662],{}," when using ",[15,135737,133078],{},[20,135739,135740],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[30,135742,1545],{"id":1544},[139,135744,135745,135750,135756,135762,135768],{},[142,135746,135747],{},[243,135748,135749],{"href":135471},"How to join strings in Python",[142,135751,135752],{},[243,135753,1552,135754,1555],{"href":128686},[15,135755,60194],{},[142,135757,135758],{},[243,135759,3234,135760,3167],{"href":41839},[15,135761,47346],{},[142,135763,135764],{},[243,135765,30015,135766],{"href":134914},[15,135767,134917],{},[142,135769,135770],{},[243,135771,246],{"href":245},[20,135773,97009,135774,135776],{},[15,135775,133078],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1577,135778,135779],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":135781},[135782,135783,135785,135788,135795,135805,135813,135823,135830,135831,135843],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":133195,"depth":69,"text":135784},"What join() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250,"children":135786},[135787],{"id":48671,"depth":91,"text":48672},{"id":121542,"depth":69,"text":121543,"children":135789},[135790,135791,135792,135793],{"id":133542,"depth":91,"text":133543},{"id":133634,"depth":91,"text":133635},{"id":133735,"depth":91,"text":133736},{"id":133844,"depth":91,"text":135794},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":133947,"depth":69,"text":133948,"children":135796},[135797,135799,135801,135803],{"id":133954,"depth":91,"text":135798},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134020,"depth":91,"text":135800},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134109,"depth":91,"text":135802},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134195,"depth":91,"text":135804},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134269,"depth":69,"text":134270,"children":135806},[135807,135808,135809,135811],{"id":134278,"depth":91,"text":134279},{"id":134361,"depth":91,"text":134362},{"id":134515,"depth":91,"text":135810},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134687,"depth":91,"text":135812},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134774,"depth":69,"text":135814,"children":135815},"Common errors with join()",[135816,135818,135820,135821],{"id":134783,"depth":91,"text":135817},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":134920,"depth":91,"text":135819},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135064,"depth":91,"text":135065},{"id":135139,"depth":91,"text":135822},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135254,"depth":69,"text":135824,"children":135825},"join() vs concatenation with +",[135826,135828],{"id":135269,"depth":91,"text":135827},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135351,"depth":91,"text":135829},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135475,"depth":69,"text":135476},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":135832},[135833,135835,135837,135839,135841],{"id":135689,"depth":91,"text":135834},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135704,"depth":91,"text":135836},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135712,"depth":91,"text":135838},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135722,"depth":91,"text":135840},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135731,"depth":91,"text":135842},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133070,"description":135844},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":135851,"title":135852,"body":135853,"description":137419,"extension":1611,"meta":137420,"navigation":184,"path":137421,"seo":137422,"stem":137423,"__hash__":137424},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":135854,"toc":137386},[135855,135860,135865,135867,135881,135926,135933,135938,135943,135945,135961,135970,135972,135974,135989,135991,136001,136003,136065,136067,136070,136131,136133,136149,136151,136164,136167,136214,136216,136222,136225,136228,136286,136294,136380,136384,136389,136391,136405,136408,136493,136496,136554,136565,136620,136622,136629,136635,136641,136685,136688,136735,136737,136739,136746,136748,136779,136782,136784,136815,136819,136822,136824,136864,136866,136909,136915,136920,136922,136949,136954,136957,137006,137010,137013,137088,137099,137102,137159,137166,137172,137180,137185,137192,137199,137217,137219,137273,137281,137283,137288,137291,137297,137303,137308,137311,137317,137323,137330,137338,137340,137383],[10,135856,13,135858,18],{"id":135857},"python-string-lower-method",[15,135859,1234],{},[20,135861,123015,135862,135864],{},[15,135863,1234],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,135866,23755],{},[139,135868,135869,135872,135875,135878],{},[142,135870,135871],{},"convert text to lowercase",[142,135873,135874],{},"compare text without case differences",[142,135876,135877],{},"clean up user input",[142,135879,135880],{},"make simple text matching easier",[35,135882,135884],{"className":37,"code":135883,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,135885,135886,135899,135913],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135887,135888,135890,135892,135894,135897],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135889,51],{"class":50},[44,135891,55],{"class":54},[44,135893,59],{"class":58},[44,135895,135896],{"class":62},"Hello WORLD",[44,135898,66],{"class":58},[44,135900,135901,135903,135905,135907,135909,135911],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,135902,1880],{"class":50},[44,135904,55],{"class":54},[44,135906,77],{"class":50},[44,135908,81],{"class":80},[44,135910,8300],{"class":84},[44,135912,88],{"class":80},[44,135914,135915,135917,135919,135921,135923],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,135916,95],{"class":94},[44,135918,98],{"class":80},[44,135920,1915],{"class":84},[44,135922,3321],{"class":80},[44,135924,135925],{"class":3324},"  # hello world\n",[20,135927,135928,88622,135930,135932],{},[830,135929,383],{},[15,135931,1234],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[30,135934,126,135936,129],{"id":135935},"what-lower-does",[15,135937,1234],{},[20,135939,135940,135942],{},[15,135941,1234],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,135944,137],{},[139,135946,135947,135952,135955,135958],{},[142,135948,135949,135951],{},[15,135950,1234],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[142,135953,135954],{},"It works on string objects",[142,135956,135957],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[142,135959,135960],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,135962,241,135963,135967,135968,81],{},[243,135964,135966],{"href":135965},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[243,135969,50638],{"href":245},[30,135971,250],{"id":249},[20,135973,1812],{},[35,135975,135977],{"className":37,"code":135976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.lower()\n",[15,135978,135979],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135980,135981,135983,135985,135987],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135982,60837],{"class":50},[44,135984,81],{"class":80},[44,135986,8300],{"class":84},[44,135988,88],{"class":80},[20,135990,43312],{},[139,135992,135993,135995,135998],{},[142,135994,97187],{},[142,135996,135997],{},"You call it directly on a string",[142,135999,136000],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136002,161],{},[35,136004,136006],{"className":37,"code":136005,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136007,136008,136031,136035,136048],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136009,136010,136012,136014,136016,136019,136021,136023,136025,136028],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136011,95],{"class":94},[44,136013,98],{"class":80},[44,136015,362],{"class":58},[44,136017,136018],{"class":62},"HELLO",[44,136020,362],{"class":58},[44,136022,81],{"class":80},[44,136024,8300],{"class":84},[44,136026,136027],{"class":80},"())",[44,136029,136030],{"class":3324},"  # hello\n",[44,136032,136033],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,136034,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,136036,136037,136039,136041,136043,136046],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,136038,284],{"class":50},[44,136040,55],{"class":54},[44,136042,59],{"class":58},[44,136044,136045],{"class":62},"PyThOn",[44,136047,66],{"class":58},[44,136049,136050,136052,136054,136056,136058,136060,136062],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,136051,95],{"class":94},[44,136053,98],{"class":80},[44,136055,302],{"class":84},[44,136057,81],{"class":80},[44,136059,8300],{"class":84},[44,136061,136027],{"class":80},[44,136063,136064],{"class":3324},"  # python\n",[30,136066,11136],{"id":11135},[20,136068,136069],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[35,136071,136073],{"className":37,"code":136072,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136074,136075,136087,136091,136106,136110,136121],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136076,136077,136079,136081,136083,136085],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136078,51],{"class":50},[44,136080,55],{"class":54},[44,136082,59],{"class":58},[44,136084,135896],{"class":62},[44,136086,66],{"class":58},[44,136088,136089],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,136090,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,136092,136093,136096,136098,136100,136102,136104],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,136094,136095],{"class":50},"lower_text ",[44,136097,55],{"class":54},[44,136099,77],{"class":50},[44,136101,81],{"class":80},[44,136103,8300],{"class":84},[44,136105,88],{"class":80},[44,136107,136108],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,136109,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,136111,136112,136114,136116,136119],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,136113,95],{"class":94},[44,136115,98],{"class":80},[44,136117,136118],{"class":84},"lower_text",[44,136120,104],{"class":80},[44,136122,136123,136125,136127,136129],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,136124,95],{"class":94},[44,136126,98],{"class":80},[44,136128,194],{"class":84},[44,136130,104],{"class":80},[20,136132,107],{},[35,136134,136136],{"className":37,"code":136135,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136137,136138,136142],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136139,136140],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136141,224],{"class":50},[44,136143,136144,136146],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,136145,131412],{"class":50},[44,136147,136148],{"class":605},"WORLD\n",[20,136150,24275],{},[139,136152,136153,136158],{},[142,136154,136155,136157],{},[15,136156,1234],{}," returns the lowercase result",[142,136159,136160,136161,136163],{},"the original ",[15,136162,194],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136165,136166],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[35,136168,136170],{"className":37,"code":136169,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136171,136172,136184,136198,136202],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136173,136174,136176,136178,136180,136182],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136175,51],{"class":50},[44,136177,55],{"class":54},[44,136179,59],{"class":58},[44,136181,135896],{"class":62},[44,136183,66],{"class":58},[44,136185,136186,136188,136190,136192,136194,136196],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,136187,51],{"class":50},[44,136189,55],{"class":54},[44,136191,77],{"class":50},[44,136193,81],{"class":80},[44,136195,8300],{"class":84},[44,136197,88],{"class":80},[44,136199,136200],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,136201,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,136203,136204,136206,136208,136210,136212],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,136205,95],{"class":94},[44,136207,98],{"class":80},[44,136209,194],{"class":84},[44,136211,3321],{"class":80},[44,136213,135925],{"class":3324},[30,136215,17084],{"id":17083},[20,136217,136218,21642,136220,81],{},[15,136219,1234],{},[830,136221,60837],{},[20,136223,136224],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136226,136227],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[35,136229,136231],{"className":37,"code":136230,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136232,136233,136246,136250,136272],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136234,136235,136237,136239,136241,136244],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136236,506],{"class":50},[44,136238,55],{"class":54},[44,136240,59],{"class":58},[44,136242,136243],{"class":62},"YES",[44,136245,66],{"class":58},[44,136247,136248],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,136249,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,136251,136252,136254,136256,136258,136260,136262,136264,136266,136268,136270],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,136253,525],{"class":524},[44,136255,528],{"class":50},[44,136257,81],{"class":80},[44,136259,8300],{"class":84},[44,136261,535],{"class":80},[44,136263,538],{"class":54},[44,136265,59],{"class":58},[44,136267,543],{"class":62},[44,136269,362],{"class":58},[44,136271,548],{"class":80},[44,136273,136274,136276,136278,136280,136282,136284],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,136275,553],{"class":94},[44,136277,98],{"class":80},[44,136279,362],{"class":58},[44,136281,96496],{"class":62},[44,136283,362],{"class":58},[44,136285,104],{"class":80},[20,136287,136288,136289,2539],{},"This is especially useful with ",[243,136290,136291,136292,1954],{"href":7880},"the ",[15,136293,419],{},[35,136295,136297],{"className":37,"code":136296,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136298,136299,136318,136322,136344,136359,136365],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136300,136301,136303,136305,136307,136309,136311,136314,136316],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136302,506],{"class":50},[44,136304,55],{"class":54},[44,136306,7903],{"class":94},[44,136308,98],{"class":80},[44,136310,362],{"class":58},[44,136312,136313],{"class":62},"Type yes or no: ",[44,136315,362],{"class":58},[44,136317,104],{"class":80},[44,136319,136320],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,136321,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,136323,136324,136326,136328,136330,136332,136334,136336,136338,136340,136342],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,136325,525],{"class":524},[44,136327,528],{"class":50},[44,136329,81],{"class":80},[44,136331,8300],{"class":84},[44,136333,535],{"class":80},[44,136335,538],{"class":54},[44,136337,59],{"class":58},[44,136339,543],{"class":62},[44,136341,362],{"class":58},[44,136343,548],{"class":80},[44,136345,136346,136348,136350,136352,136355,136357],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,136347,553],{"class":94},[44,136349,98],{"class":80},[44,136351,362],{"class":58},[44,136353,136354],{"class":62},"You typed yes",[44,136356,362],{"class":58},[44,136358,104],{"class":80},[44,136360,136361,136363],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,136362,27101],{"class":524},[44,136364,548],{"class":80},[44,136366,136367,136369,136371,136373,136376,136378],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,136368,553],{"class":94},[44,136370,98],{"class":80},[44,136372,362],{"class":58},[44,136374,136375],{"class":62},"You typed something else",[44,136377,362],{"class":58},[44,136379,104],{"class":80},[30,136381,136383],{"id":136382},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136385,136386,136388],{},[15,136387,1234],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136390,7005],{},[139,136392,136393,136396,136399,136402],{},[142,136394,136395],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[142,136397,136398],{},"Make text matching easier",[142,136400,136401],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[142,136403,136404],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136406,136407],{},"Example: checking user input",[35,136409,136411],{"className":37,"code":136410,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136412,136413,136431,136435,136457,136472,136478],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136414,136415,136417,136419,136421,136423,136425,136427,136429],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136416,44621],{"class":50},[44,136418,55],{"class":54},[44,136420,7903],{"class":94},[44,136422,98],{"class":80},[44,136424,362],{"class":58},[44,136426,44632],{"class":62},[44,136428,362],{"class":58},[44,136430,104],{"class":80},[44,136432,136433],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,136434,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,136436,136437,136439,136441,136443,136445,136447,136449,136451,136453,136455],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,136438,525],{"class":524},[44,136440,35515],{"class":50},[44,136442,81],{"class":80},[44,136444,8300],{"class":84},[44,136446,535],{"class":80},[44,136448,538],{"class":54},[44,136450,59],{"class":58},[44,136452,12772],{"class":62},[44,136454,362],{"class":58},[44,136456,548],{"class":80},[44,136458,136459,136461,136463,136465,136468,136470],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,136460,553],{"class":94},[44,136462,98],{"class":80},[44,136464,362],{"class":58},[44,136466,136467],{"class":62},"Nice choice!",[44,136469,362],{"class":58},[44,136471,104],{"class":80},[44,136473,136474,136476],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,136475,27101],{"class":524},[44,136477,548],{"class":80},[44,136479,136480,136482,136484,136486,136489,136491],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,136481,553],{"class":94},[44,136483,98],{"class":80},[44,136485,362],{"class":58},[44,136487,136488],{"class":62},"Got it.",[44,136490,362],{"class":58},[44,136492,104],{"class":80},[20,136494,136495],{},"Example: simple search",[35,136497,136499],{"className":37,"code":136498,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136500,136501,136514,136518,136539],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136502,136503,136505,136507,136509,136512],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136504,89666],{"class":50},[44,136506,55],{"class":54},[44,136508,59],{"class":58},[44,136510,136511],{"class":62},"Python Is Fun",[44,136513,66],{"class":58},[44,136515,136516],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,136517,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,136519,136520,136522,136524,136526,136528,136530,136533,136535,136537],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,136521,525],{"class":524},[44,136523,59],{"class":58},[44,136525,39],{"class":62},[44,136527,362],{"class":58},[44,136529,20841],{"class":54},[44,136531,136532],{"class":50}," message",[44,136534,81],{"class":80},[44,136536,8300],{"class":84},[44,136538,1196],{"class":80},[44,136540,136541,136543,136545,136547,136550,136552],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,136542,553],{"class":94},[44,136544,98],{"class":80},[44,136546,362],{"class":58},[44,136548,136549],{"class":62},"Found it",[44,136551,362],{"class":58},[44,136553,104],{"class":80},[20,136555,136556,136557,136559,136560,2539],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136558,1234],{}," is often used with ",[243,136561,136563],{"href":136562},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136564,17],{},[35,136566,136568],{"className":37,"code":136567,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136569,136570,136583,136602,136606],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136571,136572,136574,136576,136578,136581],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136573,284],{"class":50},[44,136575,55],{"class":54},[44,136577,59],{"class":58},[44,136579,136580],{"class":62},"  ALICE  ",[44,136582,66],{"class":58},[44,136584,136585,136588,136590,136592,136594,136596,136598,136600],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,136586,136587],{"class":50},"clean_name ",[44,136589,55],{"class":54},[44,136591,35656],{"class":50},[44,136593,81],{"class":80},[44,136595,85],{"class":84},[44,136597,8297],{"class":80},[44,136599,8300],{"class":84},[44,136601,88],{"class":80},[44,136603,136604],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,136605,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,136607,136608,136610,136612,136615,136617],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,136609,95],{"class":94},[44,136611,98],{"class":80},[44,136613,136614],{"class":84},"clean_name",[44,136616,3321],{"class":80},[44,136618,136619],{"class":3324},"  # alice\n",[30,136621,15260],{"id":15259},[20,136623,136624,136625,136628],{},"Strings are ",[830,136626,136627],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136630,136631,136632,136634],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136633,1234],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136636,136637,136638,136640],{},"So this does ",[830,136639,832],{}," update the original variable:",[35,136642,136644],{"className":37,"code":136643,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136645,136646,136658,136668,136672],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136647,136648,136650,136652,136654,136656],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136649,51],{"class":50},[44,136651,55],{"class":54},[44,136653,59],{"class":58},[44,136655,136018],{"class":62},[44,136657,66],{"class":58},[44,136659,136660,136662,136664,136666],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,136661,194],{"class":50},[44,136663,81],{"class":80},[44,136665,8300],{"class":84},[44,136667,88],{"class":80},[44,136669,136670],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,136671,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,136673,136674,136676,136678,136680,136682],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,136675,95],{"class":94},[44,136677,98],{"class":80},[44,136679,194],{"class":84},[44,136681,3321],{"class":80},[44,136683,136684],{"class":3324},"  # HELLO\n",[20,136686,136687],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[35,136689,136691],{"className":37,"code":136690,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136692,136693,136705,136719,136723],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136694,136695,136697,136699,136701,136703],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136696,51],{"class":50},[44,136698,55],{"class":54},[44,136700,59],{"class":58},[44,136702,136018],{"class":62},[44,136704,66],{"class":58},[44,136706,136707,136709,136711,136713,136715,136717],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,136708,51],{"class":50},[44,136710,55],{"class":54},[44,136712,77],{"class":50},[44,136714,81],{"class":80},[44,136716,8300],{"class":84},[44,136718,88],{"class":80},[44,136720,136721],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,136722,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,136724,136725,136727,136729,136731,136733],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,136726,95],{"class":94},[44,136728,98],{"class":80},[44,136730,194],{"class":84},[44,136732,3321],{"class":80},[44,136734,136030],{"class":3324},[30,136736,1238],{"id":1237},[267,136738,25355],{"id":25354},[20,136740,136741,136742,10752,136744,81],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,136743,8300],{},[15,136745,1234],{},[20,136747,16308],{},[35,136749,136751],{"className":37,"code":136750,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,136752,136753,136765],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136754,136755,136757,136759,136761,136763],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136756,51],{"class":50},[44,136758,55],{"class":54},[44,136760,59],{"class":58},[44,136762,136018],{"class":62},[44,136764,66],{"class":58},[44,136766,136767,136769,136771,136773,136775,136777],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,136768,95],{"class":94},[44,136770,98],{"class":80},[44,136772,194],{"class":84},[44,136774,81],{"class":80},[44,136776,8300],{"class":1467},[44,136778,104],{"class":80},[20,136780,136781],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,136783,16320],{},[35,136785,136787],{"className":37,"code":136786,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136788,136789,136801],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136790,136791,136793,136795,136797,136799],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136792,51],{"class":50},[44,136794,55],{"class":54},[44,136796,59],{"class":58},[44,136798,136018],{"class":62},[44,136800,66],{"class":58},[44,136802,136803,136805,136807,136809,136811,136813],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,136804,95],{"class":94},[44,136806,98],{"class":80},[44,136808,194],{"class":84},[44,136810,81],{"class":80},[44,136812,8300],{"class":84},[44,136814,201],{"class":80},[267,136816,136818],{"id":136817},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,136820,136821],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,136823,16308],{},[35,136825,136827],{"className":37,"code":136826,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,136828,136829,136841,136851],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136830,136831,136833,136835,136837,136839],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136832,51],{"class":50},[44,136834,55],{"class":54},[44,136836,59],{"class":58},[44,136838,136018],{"class":62},[44,136840,66],{"class":58},[44,136842,136843,136845,136847,136849],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,136844,194],{"class":50},[44,136846,81],{"class":80},[44,136848,8300],{"class":84},[44,136850,88],{"class":80},[44,136852,136853,136855,136857,136859,136861],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,136854,95],{"class":94},[44,136856,98],{"class":80},[44,136858,194],{"class":84},[44,136860,3321],{"class":80},[44,136862,136863],{"class":3324},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,136865,16320],{},[35,136867,136869],{"className":37,"code":136868,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136870,136871,136883,136897],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136872,136873,136875,136877,136879,136881],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136874,51],{"class":50},[44,136876,55],{"class":54},[44,136878,59],{"class":58},[44,136880,136018],{"class":62},[44,136882,66],{"class":58},[44,136884,136885,136887,136889,136891,136893,136895],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,136886,51],{"class":50},[44,136888,55],{"class":54},[44,136890,77],{"class":50},[44,136892,81],{"class":80},[44,136894,8300],{"class":84},[44,136896,88],{"class":80},[44,136898,136899,136901,136903,136905,136907],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,136900,95],{"class":94},[44,136902,98],{"class":80},[44,136904,194],{"class":84},[44,136906,3321],{"class":80},[44,136908,136030],{"class":3324},[267,136910,675,136912,136914],{"id":136911},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,136913,1234],{}," on a non-string value",[20,136916,136917,136919],{},[15,136918,1234],{}," only works on strings.",[20,136921,16308],{},[35,136923,136925],{"className":37,"code":136924,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,136926,136927,136935],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136928,136929,136931,136933],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136930,1867],{"class":50},[44,136932,55],{"class":54},[44,136934,124688],{"class":1675},[44,136936,136937,136939,136941,136943,136945,136947],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,136938,95],{"class":94},[44,136940,98],{"class":80},[44,136942,1890],{"class":84},[44,136944,81],{"class":80},[44,136946,8300],{"class":84},[44,136948,201],{"class":80},[20,136950,136951,136952,33267],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,136953,1234],{},[20,136955,136956],{},"You can check the type first:",[35,136958,136960],{"className":37,"code":136959,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136961,136962,136974,136978,136992],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136963,136964,136966,136968,136970,136972],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136965,51],{"class":50},[44,136967,55],{"class":54},[44,136969,59],{"class":58},[44,136971,136018],{"class":62},[44,136973,66],{"class":58},[44,136975,136976],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,136977,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,136979,136980,136982,136984,136986,136988,136990],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,136981,95],{"class":94},[44,136983,98],{"class":80},[44,136985,2880],{"class":1461},[44,136987,98],{"class":80},[44,136989,194],{"class":84},[44,136991,370],{"class":80},[44,136993,136994,136996,136998,137000,137002,137004],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,136995,95],{"class":94},[44,136997,98],{"class":80},[44,136999,194],{"class":84},[44,137001,81],{"class":80},[44,137003,8300],{"class":84},[44,137005,201],{"class":80},[267,137007,137009],{"id":137008},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137011,137012],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[35,137014,137016],{"className":37,"code":137015,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137017,137018,137031,137035,137052,137067,137073],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137019,137020,137022,137024,137026,137029],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137021,506],{"class":50},[44,137023,55],{"class":54},[44,137025,59],{"class":58},[44,137027,137028],{"class":62},"Yes",[44,137030,66],{"class":58},[44,137032,137033],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,137034,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,137036,137037,137039,137042,137044,137046,137048,137050],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,137038,525],{"class":524},[44,137040,137041],{"class":50}," answer ",[44,137043,4353],{"class":54},[44,137045,59],{"class":58},[44,137047,543],{"class":62},[44,137049,362],{"class":58},[44,137051,548],{"class":80},[44,137053,137054,137056,137058,137060,137063,137065],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,137055,553],{"class":94},[44,137057,98],{"class":80},[44,137059,362],{"class":58},[44,137061,137062],{"class":62},"Match",[44,137064,362],{"class":58},[44,137066,104],{"class":80},[44,137068,137069,137071],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,137070,27101],{"class":524},[44,137072,548],{"class":80},[44,137074,137075,137077,137079,137081,137084,137086],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,137076,553],{"class":94},[44,137078,98],{"class":80},[44,137080,362],{"class":58},[44,137082,137083],{"class":62},"No match",[44,137085,362],{"class":58},[44,137087,104],{"class":80},[20,137089,28729,137090,4057,137093,137096,137097,81],{},[15,137091,137092],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137094,137095],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137098,137083],{},[20,137100,137101],{},"Better:",[35,137103,137105],{"className":37,"code":137104,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137106,137107,137119,137123,137145],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137108,137109,137111,137113,137115,137117],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137110,506],{"class":50},[44,137112,55],{"class":54},[44,137114,59],{"class":58},[44,137116,137028],{"class":62},[44,137118,66],{"class":58},[44,137120,137121],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,137122,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,137124,137125,137127,137129,137131,137133,137135,137137,137139,137141,137143],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,137126,525],{"class":524},[44,137128,528],{"class":50},[44,137130,81],{"class":80},[44,137132,8300],{"class":84},[44,137134,535],{"class":80},[44,137136,538],{"class":54},[44,137138,59],{"class":58},[44,137140,543],{"class":62},[44,137142,362],{"class":58},[44,137144,548],{"class":80},[44,137146,137147,137149,137151,137153,137155,137157],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,137148,553],{"class":94},[44,137150,98],{"class":80},[44,137152,362],{"class":58},[44,137154,137062],{"class":62},[44,137156,362],{"class":58},[44,137158,104],{"class":80},[267,137160,43875,137162,137165],{"id":137161},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137163,137164],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137167,137168,137169,137171],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137170,1234],{}," is enough.",[20,137173,137174,137175,137177,137178,81],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137176,137164],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137179,1234],{},[20,137181,137182,137183,122253],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137184,1234],{},[30,137186,137188,866,137190],{"id":137187},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137189,1234],{},[15,137191,127877],{},[20,137193,137194,4057,137196,137198],{},[15,137195,1234],{},[15,137197,127877],{}," are very similar.",[139,137200,137201,137206,137211,137214],{},[142,137202,137203,137205],{},[15,137204,1234],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[142,137207,137208,137210],{},[15,137209,127877],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[142,137212,137213],{},"Both return new strings",[142,137215,137216],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137218,161],{},[35,137220,137222],{"className":37,"code":137221,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137223,137224,137236,137240,137256],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137225,137226,137228,137230,137232,137234],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137227,51],{"class":50},[44,137229,55],{"class":54},[44,137231,59],{"class":58},[44,137233,128718],{"class":62},[44,137235,66],{"class":58},[44,137237,137238],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,137239,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,137241,137242,137244,137246,137248,137250,137252,137254],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,137243,95],{"class":94},[44,137245,98],{"class":80},[44,137247,194],{"class":84},[44,137249,81],{"class":80},[44,137251,8300],{"class":84},[44,137253,136027],{"class":80},[44,137255,135925],{"class":3324},[44,137257,137258,137260,137262,137264,137266,137268,137270],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,137259,95],{"class":94},[44,137261,98],{"class":80},[44,137263,194],{"class":84},[44,137265,81],{"class":80},[44,137267,34142],{"class":84},[44,137269,136027],{"class":80},[44,137271,137272],{"class":3324},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137274,137275,137276,81],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[243,137277,1552,137279,1555],{"href":137278},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137280,127877],{},[30,137282,1478],{"id":1477},[267,137284,1482,137286,1497],{"id":137285},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137287,1234],{},[20,137289,137290],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[267,137292,1482,137294,137296],{"id":137293},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137295,1234],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137298,137299,137300,81],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137301,137302],{},"string.lower()",[267,137304,1504,137306,12378],{"id":137305},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137307,1234],{},[20,137309,137310],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[267,137312,27996,137314,137316],{"id":137313},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137315,1234],{}," on user input?",[20,137318,137319,137320,137322],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137321,419],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[267,137324,4842,137326,4057,137328,1520],{"id":137325},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137327,1234],{},[15,137329,137164],{},[20,137331,137332,137334,137335,137337],{},[15,137333,1234],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137336,137164],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[30,137339,1545],{"id":1544},[139,137341,137342,137346,137352,137358,137364,137368,137372,137378],{},[142,137343,137344],{},[243,137345,50638],{"href":245},[142,137347,137348],{},[243,137349,1552,137350,1555],{"href":137278},[15,137351,127877],{},[142,137353,137354],{},[243,137355,1552,137356,1555],{"href":136562},[15,137357,17],{},[142,137359,137360],{},[243,137361,1552,137362,1555],{"href":856},[15,137363,859],{},[142,137365,137366],{},[243,137367,124405],{"href":123265},[142,137369,137370],{},[243,137371,90342],{"href":89351},[142,137373,137374],{},[243,137375,3234,137376,3167],{"href":7880},[15,137377,419],{},[142,137379,137380],{},[243,137381,137382],{"href":135965},"What is a string in Python?",[1577,137384,137385],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":137387},[137388,137390,137391,137392,137393,137394,137395,137404,137406,137418],{"id":135935,"depth":69,"text":137389},"What lower() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":11135,"depth":69,"text":11136},{"id":17083,"depth":69,"text":17084},{"id":136382,"depth":69,"text":136383},{"id":15259,"depth":69,"text":15260},{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238,"children":137396},[137397,137398,137399,137401,137402],{"id":25354,"depth":91,"text":25355},{"id":136817,"depth":91,"text":136818},{"id":136911,"depth":91,"text":137400},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137008,"depth":91,"text":137009},{"id":137161,"depth":91,"text":137403},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137187,"depth":69,"text":137405},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":137407},[137408,137410,137412,137414,137416],{"id":137285,"depth":91,"text":137409},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137293,"depth":91,"text":137411},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137305,"depth":91,"text":137413},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137313,"depth":91,"text":137415},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137325,"depth":91,"text":137417},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":135852,"description":137419},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137426,"title":137427,"body":137428,"description":138977,"extension":1611,"meta":138978,"navigation":184,"path":138979,"seo":138980,"stem":138981,"__hash__":138982},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137429,"toc":138938},[137430,137435,137440,137446,137461,137463,137523,137525,137534,137540,137545,137550,137552,137566,137570,137572,137619,137621,137639,137641,137644,137715,137717,137731,137734,137746,137755,137759,137764,137769,137773,137839,137841,137850,137854,137919,137921,137930,137933,137938,137942,137947,137951,138012,138014,138023,138027,138030,138086,138088,138097,138100,138113,138115,138119,138126,138188,138190,138203,138209,138212,138219,138224,138229,138232,138240,138242,138303,138305,138313,138316,138363,138366,138413,138415,138420,138437,138444,138449,138502,138504,138512,138514,138571,138573,138581,138585,138632,138634,138642,138650,138654,138702,138704,138713,138718,138769,138771,138780,138787,138790,138811,138813,138818,138821,138825,138828,138832,138835,138862,138868,138871,138898,138903,138905,138907,138935],[10,137431,13,137433,18],{"id":137432},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137434,859],{},[20,137436,123015,137437,137439],{},[15,137438,859],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137441,137442,137443,137445],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137444,859],{},". You will learn:",[139,137447,137448,137452,137455,137458],{},[142,137449,25687,137450,129],{},[15,137451,859],{},[142,137453,137454],{},"how its syntax works",[142,137456,137457],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[142,137459,137460],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[30,137462,1653],{"id":1652},[35,137464,137466],{"className":37,"code":137465,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137467,137468,137481,137513],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137469,137470,137472,137474,137476,137479],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137471,51],{"class":50},[44,137473,55],{"class":54},[44,137475,59],{"class":58},[44,137477,137478],{"class":62},"I like cats",[44,137480,66],{"class":58},[44,137482,137483,137485,137487,137489,137491,137493,137495,137497,137500,137502,137504,137506,137509,137511],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,137484,129837],{"class":50},[44,137486,55],{"class":54},[44,137488,77],{"class":50},[44,137490,81],{"class":80},[44,137492,34662],{"class":84},[44,137494,98],{"class":80},[44,137496,362],{"class":58},[44,137498,137499],{"class":62},"cats",[44,137501,362],{"class":58},[44,137503,2646],{"class":80},[44,137505,59],{"class":58},[44,137507,137508],{"class":62},"dogs",[44,137510,362],{"class":58},[44,137512,104],{"class":80},[44,137514,137515,137517,137519,137521],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,137516,95],{"class":94},[44,137518,98],{"class":80},[44,137520,129868],{"class":84},[44,137522,104],{"class":80},[20,137524,107],{},[35,137526,137528],{"className":37,"code":137527,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"I like dogs\n",[15,137529,137530],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137531,137532],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137533,137527],{"class":50},[20,137535,119,137536,137539],{},[15,137537,137538],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[30,137541,126,137543,129],{"id":137542},"what-replace-does",[15,137544,859],{},[20,137546,137547,137549],{},[15,137548,859],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137551,137],{},[139,137553,137554,137556,137558,137561],{},[142,137555,133244],{},[142,137557,135960],{},[142,137559,137560],{},"It works on exact matches",[142,137562,137563,137564],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137565,40927],{},[20,137567,241,137568,81],{},[243,137569,246],{"href":245},[30,137571,5095],{"id":5094},[35,137573,137575],{"className":37,"code":137574,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137576,137577,137597],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137578,137579,137581,137583,137585,137587,137590,137592,137595],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137580,60837],{"class":50},[44,137582,81],{"class":80},[44,137584,34662],{"class":84},[44,137586,98],{"class":80},[44,137588,137589],{"class":84},"old",[44,137591,2646],{"class":80},[44,137593,137594],{"class":84}," new",[44,137596,104],{"class":80},[44,137598,137599,137601,137603,137605,137607,137609,137611,137613,137615,137617],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,137600,60837],{"class":50},[44,137602,81],{"class":80},[44,137604,34662],{"class":84},[44,137606,98],{"class":80},[44,137608,137589],{"class":84},[44,137610,2646],{"class":80},[44,137612,137594],{"class":84},[44,137614,2646],{"class":80},[44,137616,49264],{"class":84},[44,137618,104],{"class":80},[267,137620,17060],{"id":17059},[139,137622,137623,137628,137634],{},[142,137624,137625,137627],{},[15,137626,137589],{}," = the text to find",[142,137629,137630,137633],{},[15,137631,137632],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[142,137635,137636,137638],{},[15,137637,40927],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[30,137640,5452],{"id":5451},[20,137642,137643],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[35,137645,137647],{"className":37,"code":137646,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137648,137649,137661,137691,137695,137705],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137650,137651,137653,137655,137657,137659],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137652,51],{"class":50},[44,137654,55],{"class":54},[44,137656,59],{"class":58},[44,137658,137478],{"class":62},[44,137660,66],{"class":58},[44,137662,137663,137665,137667,137669,137671,137673,137675,137677,137679,137681,137683,137685,137687,137689],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,137664,129837],{"class":50},[44,137666,55],{"class":54},[44,137668,77],{"class":50},[44,137670,81],{"class":80},[44,137672,34662],{"class":84},[44,137674,98],{"class":80},[44,137676,362],{"class":58},[44,137678,137499],{"class":62},[44,137680,362],{"class":58},[44,137682,2646],{"class":80},[44,137684,59],{"class":58},[44,137686,137508],{"class":62},[44,137688,362],{"class":58},[44,137690,104],{"class":80},[44,137692,137693],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,137694,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,137696,137697,137699,137701,137703],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,137698,95],{"class":94},[44,137700,98],{"class":80},[44,137702,194],{"class":84},[44,137704,104],{"class":80},[44,137706,137707,137709,137711,137713],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,137708,95],{"class":94},[44,137710,98],{"class":80},[44,137712,129868],{"class":84},[44,137714,104],{"class":80},[20,137716,107],{},[35,137718,137720],{"className":37,"code":137719,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,137721,137722,137727],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137723,137724],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137725,137726],{"class":50},"I like cats\n",[44,137728,137729],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,137730,137527],{"class":50},[20,137732,137733],{},"Notice what happened:",[139,137735,137736,137741],{},[142,137737,137738,137740],{},[15,137739,194],{}," did not change",[142,137742,137743,137745],{},[15,137744,129868],{}," contains the updated value",[20,137747,137748,137749,137751,137752,137754],{},"This happens because strings are ",[830,137750,136627],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,137753,859],{}," return a new string instead.",[30,137756,137758],{"id":137757},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,137760,89360,137761,137763],{},[15,137762,859],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,137765,137766,137767,36286],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,137768,40927],{},[267,137770,137772],{"id":137771},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[35,137774,137776],{"className":37,"code":137775,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137777,137778,137791,137825,137829],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137779,137780,137782,137784,137786,137789],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137781,51],{"class":50},[44,137783,55],{"class":54},[44,137785,59],{"class":58},[44,137787,137788],{"class":62},"cat cat cat",[44,137790,66],{"class":58},[44,137792,137793,137795,137797,137799,137801,137803,137805,137807,137809,137811,137813,137815,137817,137819,137821,137823],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,137794,1880],{"class":50},[44,137796,55],{"class":54},[44,137798,77],{"class":50},[44,137800,81],{"class":80},[44,137802,34662],{"class":84},[44,137804,98],{"class":80},[44,137806,362],{"class":58},[44,137808,36712],{"class":62},[44,137810,362],{"class":58},[44,137812,2646],{"class":80},[44,137814,59],{"class":58},[44,137816,57789],{"class":62},[44,137818,362],{"class":58},[44,137820,2646],{"class":80},[44,137822,5162],{"class":1675},[44,137824,104],{"class":80},[44,137826,137827],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,137828,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,137830,137831,137833,137835,137837],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,137832,95],{"class":94},[44,137834,98],{"class":80},[44,137836,1915],{"class":84},[44,137838,104],{"class":80},[20,137840,107],{},[35,137842,137844],{"className":37,"code":137843,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dog cat cat\n",[15,137845,137846],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137847,137848],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137849,137843],{"class":50},[267,137851,137853],{"id":137852},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[35,137855,137857],{"className":37,"code":137856,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137858,137859,137871,137905,137909],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137860,137861,137863,137865,137867,137869],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137862,51],{"class":50},[44,137864,55],{"class":54},[44,137866,59],{"class":58},[44,137868,137788],{"class":62},[44,137870,66],{"class":58},[44,137872,137873,137875,137877,137879,137881,137883,137885,137887,137889,137891,137893,137895,137897,137899,137901,137903],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,137874,1880],{"class":50},[44,137876,55],{"class":54},[44,137878,77],{"class":50},[44,137880,81],{"class":80},[44,137882,34662],{"class":84},[44,137884,98],{"class":80},[44,137886,362],{"class":58},[44,137888,36712],{"class":62},[44,137890,362],{"class":58},[44,137892,2646],{"class":80},[44,137894,59],{"class":58},[44,137896,57789],{"class":62},[44,137898,362],{"class":58},[44,137900,2646],{"class":80},[44,137902,2649],{"class":1675},[44,137904,104],{"class":80},[44,137906,137907],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,137908,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,137910,137911,137913,137915,137917],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,137912,95],{"class":94},[44,137914,98],{"class":80},[44,137916,1915],{"class":84},[44,137918,104],{"class":80},[20,137920,107],{},[35,137922,137924],{"className":37,"code":137923,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dog dog cat\n",[15,137925,137926],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137927,137928],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137929,137923],{"class":50},[20,137931,137932],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,137934,137935,137936,81],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[243,137937,127724],{"href":124176},[30,137939,137941],{"id":137940},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,137943,137944,137946],{},[15,137945,859],{}," can also change single characters.",[267,137948,137950],{"id":137949},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[35,137952,137954],{"className":37,"code":137953,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137955,137956,137968,137998,138002],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137957,137958,137960,137962,137964,137966],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137959,51],{"class":50},[44,137961,55],{"class":54},[44,137963,59],{"class":58},[44,137965,3750],{"class":62},[44,137967,66],{"class":58},[44,137969,137970,137972,137974,137976,137978,137980,137982,137984,137986,137988,137990,137992,137994,137996],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,137971,1880],{"class":50},[44,137973,55],{"class":54},[44,137975,77],{"class":50},[44,137977,81],{"class":80},[44,137979,34662],{"class":84},[44,137981,98],{"class":80},[44,137983,362],{"class":58},[44,137985,243],{"class":62},[44,137987,362],{"class":58},[44,137989,2646],{"class":80},[44,137991,59],{"class":58},[44,137993,60136],{"class":62},[44,137995,362],{"class":58},[44,137997,104],{"class":80},[44,137999,138000],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,138001,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,138003,138004,138006,138008,138010],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,138005,95],{"class":94},[44,138007,98],{"class":80},[44,138009,1915],{"class":84},[44,138011,104],{"class":80},[20,138013,107],{},[35,138015,138017],{"className":37,"code":138016,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bonono\n",[15,138018,138019],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138020,138021],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138022,138016],{"class":50},[267,138024,138026],{"id":138025},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138028,138029],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[35,138031,138033],{"className":37,"code":138032,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138034,138035,138048,138072,138076],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138036,138037,138039,138041,138043,138046],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138038,51],{"class":50},[44,138040,55],{"class":54},[44,138042,59],{"class":58},[44,138044,138045],{"class":62},"a b c",[44,138047,66],{"class":58},[44,138049,138050,138052,138054,138056,138058,138060,138062,138064,138066,138068,138070],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,138051,1880],{"class":50},[44,138053,55],{"class":54},[44,138055,77],{"class":50},[44,138057,81],{"class":80},[44,138059,34662],{"class":84},[44,138061,98],{"class":80},[44,138063,362],{"class":58},[44,138065,59],{"class":58},[44,138067,2646],{"class":80},[44,138069,5792],{"class":58},[44,138071,104],{"class":80},[44,138073,138074],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,138075,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,138077,138078,138080,138082,138084],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,138079,95],{"class":94},[44,138081,98],{"class":80},[44,138083,1915],{"class":84},[44,138085,104],{"class":80},[20,138087,107],{},[35,138089,138091],{"className":37,"code":138090,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"abc\n",[15,138092,138093],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138094,138095],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138096,138090],{"class":50},[20,138098,138099],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138101,138102,138103,138107,138108,138112],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[243,138104,1552,138105,1555],{"href":128686},[15,138106,60194],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[243,138109,1552,138110,1555],{"href":136562},[15,138111,17],{}," is often a better choice.",[30,138114,123657],{"id":123656},[20,138116,138117,123468],{},[15,138118,859],{},[20,138120,127045,138121,4057,138123,127052],{},[15,138122,112696],{},[15,138124,138125],{},"\"Cat\"",[35,138127,138129],{"className":37,"code":138128,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138130,138131,138144,138174,138178],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138132,138133,138135,138137,138139,138142],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138134,51],{"class":50},[44,138136,55],{"class":54},[44,138138,59],{"class":58},[44,138140,138141],{"class":62},"Cat cat CAT",[44,138143,66],{"class":58},[44,138145,138146,138148,138150,138152,138154,138156,138158,138160,138162,138164,138166,138168,138170,138172],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,138147,1880],{"class":50},[44,138149,55],{"class":54},[44,138151,77],{"class":50},[44,138153,81],{"class":80},[44,138155,34662],{"class":84},[44,138157,98],{"class":80},[44,138159,362],{"class":58},[44,138161,36712],{"class":62},[44,138163,362],{"class":58},[44,138165,2646],{"class":80},[44,138167,59],{"class":58},[44,138169,57789],{"class":62},[44,138171,362],{"class":58},[44,138173,104],{"class":80},[44,138175,138176],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,138177,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,138179,138180,138182,138184,138186],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,138181,95],{"class":94},[44,138183,98],{"class":80},[44,138185,1915],{"class":84},[44,138187,104],{"class":80},[20,138189,107],{},[35,138191,138193],{"className":37,"code":138192,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138194,138195],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138196,138197,138200],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138198,138199],{"class":50},"Cat dog ",[44,138201,138202],{"class":605},"CAT\n",[20,138204,138205,138206,138208],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138207,112696],{}," was replaced.",[20,138210,138211],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138213,138214,138215,81],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[243,138216,1552,138217,1555],{"href":1231},[15,138218,1234],{},[30,138220,126,138222,11367],{"id":138221},"what-replace-returns",[15,138223,859],{},[20,138225,138226,138228],{},[15,138227,859],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138230,138231],{},"If no match is found:",[139,138233,138234,138237],{},[142,138235,138236],{},"no error happens",[142,138238,138239],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138241,161],{},[35,138243,138245],{"className":37,"code":138244,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138246,138247,138259,138289,138293],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138248,138249,138251,138253,138255,138257],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138250,51],{"class":50},[44,138252,55],{"class":54},[44,138254,59],{"class":58},[44,138256,986],{"class":62},[44,138258,66],{"class":58},[44,138260,138261,138263,138265,138267,138269,138271,138273,138275,138277,138279,138281,138283,138285,138287],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,138262,1880],{"class":50},[44,138264,55],{"class":54},[44,138266,77],{"class":50},[44,138268,81],{"class":80},[44,138270,34662],{"class":84},[44,138272,98],{"class":80},[44,138274,362],{"class":58},[44,138276,1110],{"class":62},[44,138278,362],{"class":58},[44,138280,2646],{"class":80},[44,138282,59],{"class":58},[44,138284,11407],{"class":62},[44,138286,362],{"class":58},[44,138288,104],{"class":80},[44,138290,138291],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,138292,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,138294,138295,138297,138299,138301],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,138296,95],{"class":94},[44,138298,98],{"class":80},[44,138300,1915],{"class":84},[44,138302,104],{"class":80},[20,138304,107],{},[35,138306,138307],{"className":37,"code":110,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,138308,138309],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138310,138311],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138312,110],{"class":50},[20,138314,138315],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[35,138317,138319],{"className":37,"code":138318,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138320,138321,138333],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138322,138323,138325,138327,138329,138331],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138324,51],{"class":50},[44,138326,55],{"class":54},[44,138328,59],{"class":58},[44,138330,60069],{"class":62},[44,138332,66],{"class":58},[44,138334,138335,138337,138339,138341,138343,138345,138347,138349,138351,138353,138355,138357,138359,138361],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,138336,129837],{"class":50},[44,138338,55],{"class":54},[44,138340,77],{"class":50},[44,138342,81],{"class":80},[44,138344,34662],{"class":84},[44,138346,98],{"class":80},[44,138348,362],{"class":58},[44,138350,60254],{"class":62},[44,138352,362],{"class":58},[44,138354,2646],{"class":80},[44,138356,59],{"class":58},[44,138358,6959],{"class":62},[44,138360,362],{"class":58},[44,138362,104],{"class":80},[20,138364,138365],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[35,138367,138369],{"className":37,"code":138368,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138370,138371,138383],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138372,138373,138375,138377,138379,138381],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138374,51],{"class":50},[44,138376,55],{"class":54},[44,138378,59],{"class":58},[44,138380,60069],{"class":62},[44,138382,66],{"class":58},[44,138384,138385,138387,138389,138391,138393,138395,138397,138399,138401,138403,138405,138407,138409,138411],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,138386,51],{"class":50},[44,138388,55],{"class":54},[44,138390,77],{"class":50},[44,138392,81],{"class":80},[44,138394,34662],{"class":84},[44,138396,98],{"class":80},[44,138398,362],{"class":58},[44,138400,60254],{"class":62},[44,138402,362],{"class":58},[44,138404,2646],{"class":80},[44,138406,59],{"class":58},[44,138408,6959],{"class":62},[44,138410,362],{"class":58},[44,138412,104],{"class":80},[30,138414,4183],{"id":4182},[20,138416,138417,138418,2539],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138419,859],{},[139,138421,138422,138425,138429,138432],{},[142,138423,138424],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[142,138426,1246,138427,1249],{},[15,138428,859],{},[142,138430,138431],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[142,138433,36869,138434,138436],{},[15,138435,859],{}," with regex-based replacements",[267,138438,138440,138441,138443],{"id":138439},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138442,859],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138445,138446,138447,2539],{},"This does not update ",[15,138448,194],{},[35,138450,138452],{"className":37,"code":138451,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138453,138454,138466,138492],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138455,138456,138458,138460,138462,138464],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138457,51],{"class":50},[44,138459,55],{"class":54},[44,138461,59],{"class":58},[44,138463,137478],{"class":62},[44,138465,66],{"class":58},[44,138467,138468,138470,138472,138474,138476,138478,138480,138482,138484,138486,138488,138490],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,138469,194],{"class":50},[44,138471,81],{"class":80},[44,138473,34662],{"class":84},[44,138475,98],{"class":80},[44,138477,362],{"class":58},[44,138479,137499],{"class":62},[44,138481,362],{"class":58},[44,138483,2646],{"class":80},[44,138485,59],{"class":58},[44,138487,137508],{"class":62},[44,138489,362],{"class":58},[44,138491,104],{"class":80},[44,138493,138494,138496,138498,138500],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,138495,95],{"class":94},[44,138497,98],{"class":80},[44,138499,194],{"class":84},[44,138501,104],{"class":80},[20,138503,107],{},[35,138505,138506],{"className":37,"code":137726,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,138507,138508],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138509,138510],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138511,137726],{"class":50},[20,138513,10467],{},[35,138515,138517],{"className":37,"code":138516,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138518,138519,138531,138561],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138520,138521,138523,138525,138527,138529],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138522,51],{"class":50},[44,138524,55],{"class":54},[44,138526,59],{"class":58},[44,138528,137478],{"class":62},[44,138530,66],{"class":58},[44,138532,138533,138535,138537,138539,138541,138543,138545,138547,138549,138551,138553,138555,138557,138559],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,138534,51],{"class":50},[44,138536,55],{"class":54},[44,138538,77],{"class":50},[44,138540,81],{"class":80},[44,138542,34662],{"class":84},[44,138544,98],{"class":80},[44,138546,362],{"class":58},[44,138548,137499],{"class":62},[44,138550,362],{"class":58},[44,138552,2646],{"class":80},[44,138554,59],{"class":58},[44,138556,137508],{"class":62},[44,138558,362],{"class":58},[44,138560,104],{"class":80},[44,138562,138563,138565,138567,138569],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,138564,95],{"class":94},[44,138566,98],{"class":80},[44,138568,194],{"class":84},[44,138570,104],{"class":80},[20,138572,107],{},[35,138574,138575],{"className":37,"code":137527,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,138576,138577],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138578,138579],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138580,137527],{"class":50},[267,138582,138584],{"id":138583},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[35,138586,138588],{"className":37,"code":138587,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138589,138590,138602],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138591,138592,138594,138596,138598,138600],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138593,51],{"class":50},[44,138595,55],{"class":54},[44,138597,59],{"class":58},[44,138599,34530],{"class":62},[44,138601,66],{"class":58},[44,138603,138604,138606,138608,138610,138612,138614,138616,138618,138620,138622,138624,138626,138628,138630],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,138605,95],{"class":94},[44,138607,98],{"class":80},[44,138609,194],{"class":84},[44,138611,81],{"class":80},[44,138613,34662],{"class":84},[44,138615,98],{"class":80},[44,138617,362],{"class":58},[44,138619,986],{"class":62},[44,138621,362],{"class":58},[44,138623,2646],{"class":80},[44,138625,59],{"class":58},[44,138627,89595],{"class":62},[44,138629,362],{"class":58},[44,138631,370],{"class":80},[20,138633,107],{},[35,138635,138636],{"className":37,"code":88608,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,138637,138638],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138639,138640],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138641,88608],{"class":50},[20,138643,138644,138645,4057,138647,138649],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138646,64197],{},[15,138648,90077],{}," are not the same.",[267,138651,138653],{"id":138652},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[35,138655,138657],{"className":37,"code":138656,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138658,138659,138672],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138660,138661,138663,138665,138667,138670],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138662,51],{"class":50},[44,138664,55],{"class":54},[44,138666,59],{"class":58},[44,138668,138669],{"class":62},"red red red",[44,138671,66],{"class":58},[44,138673,138674,138676,138678,138680,138682,138684,138686,138688,138690,138692,138694,138696,138698,138700],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,138675,95],{"class":94},[44,138677,98],{"class":80},[44,138679,194],{"class":84},[44,138681,81],{"class":80},[44,138683,34662],{"class":84},[44,138685,98],{"class":80},[44,138687,362],{"class":58},[44,138689,12755],{"class":62},[44,138691,362],{"class":58},[44,138693,2646],{"class":80},[44,138695,59],{"class":58},[44,138697,12772],{"class":62},[44,138699,362],{"class":58},[44,138701,370],{"class":80},[20,138703,107],{},[35,138705,138707],{"className":37,"code":138706,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"blue blue blue\n",[15,138708,138709],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138710,138711],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138712,138706],{"class":50},[20,138714,138715,138716,2539],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,138717,40927],{},[35,138719,138721],{"className":37,"code":138720,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,138722,138723,138735],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138724,138725,138727,138729,138731,138733],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138726,51],{"class":50},[44,138728,55],{"class":54},[44,138730,59],{"class":58},[44,138732,138669],{"class":62},[44,138734,66],{"class":58},[44,138736,138737,138739,138741,138743,138745,138747,138749,138751,138753,138755,138757,138759,138761,138763,138765,138767],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,138738,95],{"class":94},[44,138740,98],{"class":80},[44,138742,194],{"class":84},[44,138744,81],{"class":80},[44,138746,34662],{"class":84},[44,138748,98],{"class":80},[44,138750,362],{"class":58},[44,138752,12755],{"class":62},[44,138754,362],{"class":58},[44,138756,2646],{"class":80},[44,138758,59],{"class":58},[44,138760,12772],{"class":62},[44,138762,362],{"class":58},[44,138764,2646],{"class":80},[44,138766,5162],{"class":1675},[44,138768,370],{"class":80},[20,138770,107],{},[35,138772,138774],{"className":37,"code":138773,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"blue red red\n",[15,138775,138776],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138777,138778],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138779,138773],{"class":50},[267,138781,138783,138784,138786],{"id":138782},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,138785,859],{}," for the wrong task",[20,138788,138789],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[139,138791,138792,138799,138806],{},[142,138793,119,138794,138798],{},[243,138795,138796],{"href":128686},[15,138797,60194],{}," to break a string into a list",[142,138800,119,138801,138805],{},[243,138802,138803],{"href":136562},[15,138804,17],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[142,138807,119,138808,138810],{},[15,138809,859],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[30,138812,1478],{"id":1477},[267,138814,1482,138816,1497],{"id":138815},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,138817,859],{},[20,138819,138820],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[267,138822,138824],{"id":138823},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,138826,138827],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[267,138829,138831],{"id":138830},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,138833,138834],{},"Use the third argument:",[35,138836,138838],{"className":37,"code":138837,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,138839,138840],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138841,138842,138844,138846,138848,138850,138852,138854,138856,138858,138860],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138843,194],{"class":50},[44,138845,81],{"class":80},[44,138847,34662],{"class":84},[44,138849,98],{"class":80},[44,138851,137589],{"class":84},[44,138853,2646],{"class":80},[44,138855,137594],{"class":84},[44,138857,2646],{"class":80},[44,138859,5162],{"class":1675},[44,138861,104],{"class":80},[267,138863,4832,138865,138867],{"id":138864},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,138866,859],{}," remove text?",[20,138869,138870],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[35,138872,138874],{"className":37,"code":138873,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,138875,138876],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138877,138878,138880,138882,138884,138886,138888,138890,138892,138894,138896],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138879,194],{"class":50},[44,138881,81],{"class":80},[44,138883,34662],{"class":84},[44,138885,98],{"class":80},[44,138887,362],{"class":58},[44,138889,1110],{"class":62},[44,138891,362],{"class":58},[44,138893,2646],{"class":80},[44,138895,5792],{"class":58},[44,138897,104],{"class":80},[267,138899,14566,138901,124342],{"id":138900},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,138902,859],{},[20,138904,129528],{},[30,138906,1545],{"id":1544},[139,138908,138909,138913,138919,138925,138931],{},[142,138910,138911],{},[243,138912,124412],{"href":124176},[142,138914,138915],{},[243,138916,1552,138917,1555],{"href":128686},[15,138918,60194],{},[142,138920,138921],{},[243,138922,1552,138923,1555],{"href":136562},[15,138924,17],{},[142,138926,138927],{},[243,138928,1552,138929,1555],{"href":1231},[15,138930,1234],{},[142,138932,138933],{},[243,138934,246],{"href":245},[1577,138936,138937],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":138939},[138940,138941,138943,138946,138947,138951,138955,138956,138958,138966,138976],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":137542,"depth":69,"text":138942},"What replace() does",{"id":5094,"depth":69,"text":5095,"children":138944},[138945],{"id":17059,"depth":91,"text":17060},{"id":5451,"depth":69,"text":5452},{"id":137757,"depth":69,"text":137758,"children":138948},[138949,138950],{"id":137771,"depth":91,"text":137772},{"id":137852,"depth":91,"text":137853},{"id":137940,"depth":69,"text":137941,"children":138952},[138953,138954],{"id":137949,"depth":91,"text":137950},{"id":138025,"depth":91,"text":138026},{"id":123656,"depth":69,"text":123657},{"id":138221,"depth":69,"text":138957},"What replace() returns",{"id":4182,"depth":69,"text":4183,"children":138959},[138960,138962,138963,138964],{"id":138439,"depth":91,"text":138961},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138583,"depth":91,"text":138584},{"id":138652,"depth":91,"text":138653},{"id":138782,"depth":91,"text":138965},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":138967},[138968,138970,138971,138972,138974],{"id":138815,"depth":91,"text":138969},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":138823,"depth":91,"text":138824},{"id":138830,"depth":91,"text":138831},{"id":138864,"depth":91,"text":138973},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":138900,"depth":91,"text":138975},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137427,"description":138977},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":138984,"title":138985,"body":138986,"description":141005,"extension":1611,"meta":141006,"navigation":184,"path":141007,"seo":141008,"stem":141009,"__hash__":141010},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":138987,"toc":140969},[138988,138993,138998,139001,139012,139014,139069,139074,139079,139086,139088,139103,139105,139161,139163,139201,139206,139208,139232,139235,139248,139253,139255,139287,139289,139322,139328,139333,139336,139346,139349,139351,139407,139409,139459,139462,139470,139473,139529,139531,139604,139617,139625,139629,139640,139643,139646,139699,139701,139733,139736,139790,139792,139827,139830,139835,139840,139845,139848,139850,139908,139910,139944,139946,139961,139964,139966,140008,140010,140036,140041,140049,140052,140054,140136,140138,140189,140192,140203,140211,140213,140286,140288,140306,140310,140313,140317,140344,140346,140354,140358,140393,140395,140408,140412,140415,140454,140456,140473,140478,140483,140494,140497,140508,140510,140512,140538,140541,140590,140592,140609,140612,140614,140666,140668,140700,140703,140761,140766,140768,140773,140876,140878,140892,140894,140901,140906,140911,140916,140921,140926,140929,140933,140938,140940,140966],[10,138989,13,138991,18],{"id":138990},"python-string-split-method",[15,138992,60194],{},[20,138994,123015,138995,138997],{},[15,138996,60194],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,138999,139000],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[139,139002,139003,139006,139009],{},[142,139004,139005],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[142,139007,139008],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[142,139010,139011],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[30,139013,1653],{"id":1652},[35,139015,139017],{"className":37,"code":139016,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139018,139019,139032,139054,139064],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139020,139021,139023,139025,139027,139030],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139022,51],{"class":50},[44,139024,55],{"class":54},[44,139026,59],{"class":58},[44,139028,139029],{"class":62},"apple,banana,cherry",[44,139031,66],{"class":58},[44,139033,139034,139036,139038,139040,139042,139044,139046,139048,139050,139052],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,139035,42501],{"class":50},[44,139037,55],{"class":54},[44,139039,77],{"class":50},[44,139041,81],{"class":80},[44,139043,34133],{"class":84},[44,139045,98],{"class":80},[44,139047,362],{"class":58},[44,139049,2646],{"class":62},[44,139051,362],{"class":58},[44,139053,104],{"class":80},[44,139055,139056,139058,139060,139062],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,139057,95],{"class":94},[44,139059,98],{"class":80},[44,139061,42532],{"class":84},[44,139063,104],{"class":80},[44,139065,139066],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,139067,139068],{"class":3324},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139070,119,139071,139073],{},[15,139072,60194],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[30,139075,126,139077,129],{"id":139076},"what-split-does",[15,139078,60194],{},[20,139080,139081,132044,139083,81],{},[15,139082,60194],{},[830,139084,139085],{},"string method",[20,139087,48589],{},[139,139089,139090,139093,139098],{},[142,139091,139092],{},"divides a string into parts",[142,139094,119314,139095],{},[830,139096,139097],{},"new list of strings",[142,139099,119320,139100,139102],{},[830,139101,832],{}," change the original string",[20,139104,161],{},[35,139106,139108],{"className":37,"code":139107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139109,139110,139123,139137,139141,139151],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139111,139112,139114,139116,139118,139121],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139113,51],{"class":50},[44,139115,55],{"class":54},[44,139117,59],{"class":58},[44,139119,139120],{"class":62},"red blue green",[44,139122,66],{"class":58},[44,139124,139125,139127,139129,139131,139133,139135],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,139126,42501],{"class":50},[44,139128,55],{"class":54},[44,139130,77],{"class":50},[44,139132,81],{"class":80},[44,139134,34133],{"class":84},[44,139136,88],{"class":80},[44,139138,139139],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,139140,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,139142,139143,139145,139147,139149],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,139144,95],{"class":94},[44,139146,98],{"class":80},[44,139148,194],{"class":84},[44,139150,104],{"class":80},[44,139152,139153,139155,139157,139159],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,139154,95],{"class":94},[44,139156,98],{"class":80},[44,139158,42532],{"class":84},[44,139160,104],{"class":80},[20,139162,107],{},[35,139164,139166],{"className":37,"code":139165,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139167,139168,139173],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139169,139170],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139171,139172],{"class":50},"red blue green\n",[44,139174,139175,139177,139179,139181,139183,139185,139187,139189,139191,139193,139195,139197,139199],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,139176,3561],{"class":80},[44,139178,655],{"class":58},[44,139180,12755],{"class":62},[44,139182,655],{"class":58},[44,139184,2646],{"class":80},[44,139186,2955],{"class":58},[44,139188,12772],{"class":62},[44,139190,655],{"class":58},[44,139192,2646],{"class":80},[44,139194,2955],{"class":58},[44,139196,17121],{"class":62},[44,139198,655],{"class":58},[44,139200,3294],{"class":80},[20,139202,139203,139204,81],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[243,139205,246],{"href":245},[30,139207,250],{"id":249},[35,139209,139211],{"className":37,"code":139210,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139212,139213],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139214,139215,139217,139219,139221,139223,139225,139227,139230],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139216,60837],{"class":50},[44,139218,81],{"class":80},[44,139220,34133],{"class":84},[44,139222,98],{"class":80},[44,139224,133400],{"class":84},[44,139226,2646],{"class":80},[44,139228,139229],{"class":84}," maxsplit",[44,139231,104],{"class":80},[20,139233,139234],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[139,139236,139237,139242],{},[142,139238,139239,139241],{},[15,139240,133400],{}," tells Python where to split",[142,139243,139244,139247],{},[15,139245,139246],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139249,8534,139250,139252],{},[15,139251,133400],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139254,161],{},[35,139256,139258],{"className":37,"code":139257,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139259,139260,139273],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139261,139262,139264,139266,139268,139271],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139263,51],{"class":50},[44,139265,55],{"class":54},[44,139267,59],{"class":58},[44,139269,139270],{"class":62},"one two three",[44,139272,66],{"class":58},[44,139274,139275,139277,139279,139281,139283,139285],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,139276,95],{"class":94},[44,139278,98],{"class":80},[44,139280,194],{"class":84},[44,139282,81],{"class":80},[44,139284,34133],{"class":84},[44,139286,201],{"class":80},[20,139288,107],{},[35,139290,139292],{"className":37,"code":139291,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139293,139294],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139295,139296,139298,139300,139302,139304,139306,139308,139310,139312,139314,139316,139318,139320],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139297,3561],{"class":80},[44,139299,655],{"class":58},[44,139301,6249],{"class":62},[44,139303,655],{"class":58},[44,139305,2646],{"class":80},[44,139307,2955],{"class":58},[44,139309,78934],{"class":62},[44,139311,655],{"class":58},[44,139313,2646],{"class":80},[44,139315,2955],{"class":58},[44,139317,133882],{"class":62},[44,139319,655],{"class":58},[44,139321,3294],{"class":80},[30,139323,675,139325,139327],{"id":139324},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139326,60194],{}," with no separator",[20,139329,69837,139330,139332],{},[15,139331,60194],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139334,139335],{},"Whitespace includes:",[139,139337,139338,139340,139343],{},[142,139339,10112],{},[142,139341,139342],{},"tabs",[142,139344,139345],{},"new lines",[20,139347,139348],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139350,161],{},[35,139352,139354],{"className":37,"code":139353,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139355,139356,139379,139393,139397],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139357,139358,139360,139362,139364,139367,139370,139372,139374,139377],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139359,51],{"class":50},[44,139361,55],{"class":54},[44,139363,59],{"class":58},[44,139365,139366],{"class":62},"Python   is",[44,139368,139369],{"class":605},"\\t",[44,139371,133136],{"class":62},[44,139373,606],{"class":605},[44,139375,139376],{"class":62},"and useful",[44,139378,66],{"class":58},[44,139380,139381,139383,139385,139387,139389,139391],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,139382,42501],{"class":50},[44,139384,55],{"class":54},[44,139386,77],{"class":50},[44,139388,81],{"class":80},[44,139390,34133],{"class":84},[44,139392,88],{"class":80},[44,139394,139395],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,139396,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,139398,139399,139401,139403,139405],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,139400,95],{"class":94},[44,139402,98],{"class":80},[44,139404,42532],{"class":84},[44,139406,104],{"class":80},[20,139408,107],{},[35,139410,139412],{"className":37,"code":139411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139413,139414],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139415,139416,139418,139420,139422,139424,139426,139428,139430,139432,139434,139436,139438,139440,139442,139444,139446,139448,139450,139452,139455,139457],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139417,3561],{"class":80},[44,139419,655],{"class":58},[44,139421,6959],{"class":62},[44,139423,655],{"class":58},[44,139425,2646],{"class":80},[44,139427,2955],{"class":58},[44,139429,11856],{"class":62},[44,139431,655],{"class":58},[44,139433,2646],{"class":80},[44,139435,2955],{"class":58},[44,139437,133136],{"class":62},[44,139439,655],{"class":58},[44,139441,2646],{"class":80},[44,139443,2955],{"class":58},[44,139445,129763],{"class":62},[44,139447,655],{"class":58},[44,139449,2646],{"class":80},[44,139451,2955],{"class":58},[44,139453,139454],{"class":62},"useful",[44,139456,655],{"class":58},[44,139458,3294],{"class":80},[20,139460,139461],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[267,139463,139465,866,139467],{"id":139464},"split-vs-split",[15,139466,60194],{},[15,139468,139469],{},"split(' ')",[20,139471,139472],{},"These are not the same.",[35,139474,139476],{"className":37,"code":139475,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139477,139478,139491,139495,139509],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139479,139480,139482,139484,139486,139489],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139481,51],{"class":50},[44,139483,55],{"class":54},[44,139485,59],{"class":58},[44,139487,139488],{"class":62},"a  b   c",[44,139490,66],{"class":58},[44,139492,139493],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,139494,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,139496,139497,139499,139501,139503,139505,139507],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,139498,95],{"class":94},[44,139500,98],{"class":80},[44,139502,194],{"class":84},[44,139504,81],{"class":80},[44,139506,34133],{"class":84},[44,139508,201],{"class":80},[44,139510,139511,139513,139515,139517,139519,139521,139523,139525,139527],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,139512,95],{"class":94},[44,139514,98],{"class":80},[44,139516,194],{"class":84},[44,139518,81],{"class":80},[44,139520,34133],{"class":84},[44,139522,98],{"class":80},[44,139524,362],{"class":58},[44,139526,59],{"class":58},[44,139528,370],{"class":80},[20,139530,107],{},[35,139532,139534],{"className":37,"code":139533,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139535,139536,139564],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139537,139538,139540,139542,139544,139546,139548,139550,139552,139554,139556,139558,139560,139562],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139539,3561],{"class":80},[44,139541,655],{"class":58},[44,139543,243],{"class":62},[44,139545,655],{"class":58},[44,139547,2646],{"class":80},[44,139549,2955],{"class":58},[44,139551,842],{"class":62},[44,139553,655],{"class":58},[44,139555,2646],{"class":80},[44,139557,2955],{"class":58},[44,139559,846],{"class":62},[44,139561,655],{"class":58},[44,139563,3294],{"class":80},[44,139565,139566,139568,139570,139572,139574,139576,139578,139580,139582,139584,139586,139588,139590,139592,139594,139596,139598,139600,139602],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,139567,3561],{"class":80},[44,139569,655],{"class":58},[44,139571,243],{"class":62},[44,139573,655],{"class":58},[44,139575,2646],{"class":80},[44,139577,3500],{"class":58},[44,139579,2646],{"class":80},[44,139581,2955],{"class":58},[44,139583,842],{"class":62},[44,139585,655],{"class":58},[44,139587,2646],{"class":80},[44,139589,3500],{"class":58},[44,139591,2646],{"class":80},[44,139593,3500],{"class":58},[44,139595,2646],{"class":80},[44,139597,2955],{"class":58},[44,139599,846],{"class":62},[44,139601,655],{"class":58},[44,139603,3294],{"class":80},[139,139605,139606,139611],{},[142,139607,139608,139610],{},[15,139609,60194],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[142,139612,139613,139616],{},[15,139614,139615],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139618,139619,139620,139624],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[243,139621,1552,139622,1555],{"href":136562},[15,139623,17],{}," is often useful.",[30,139626,139628],{"id":139627},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139630,139631,139632,839,139635,843,139637,81],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139633,139634],{},"\",\"",[15,139636,133235],{},[15,139638,139639],{},"\"::\"",[20,139641,139642],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139644,139645],{},"Example with commas:",[35,139647,139649],{"className":37,"code":139648,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139650,139651,139663,139685,139689],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139652,139653,139655,139657,139659,139661],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139654,51],{"class":50},[44,139656,55],{"class":54},[44,139658,59],{"class":58},[44,139660,139029],{"class":62},[44,139662,66],{"class":58},[44,139664,139665,139667,139669,139671,139673,139675,139677,139679,139681,139683],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,139666,42501],{"class":50},[44,139668,55],{"class":54},[44,139670,77],{"class":50},[44,139672,81],{"class":80},[44,139674,34133],{"class":84},[44,139676,98],{"class":80},[44,139678,362],{"class":58},[44,139680,2646],{"class":62},[44,139682,362],{"class":58},[44,139684,104],{"class":80},[44,139686,139687],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,139688,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,139690,139691,139693,139695,139697],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,139692,95],{"class":94},[44,139694,98],{"class":80},[44,139696,42532],{"class":84},[44,139698,104],{"class":80},[20,139700,107],{},[35,139702,139703],{"className":37,"code":78113,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,139704,139705],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139706,139707,139709,139711,139713,139715,139717,139719,139721,139723,139725,139727,139729,139731],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139708,3561],{"class":80},[44,139710,655],{"class":58},[44,139712,3741],{"class":62},[44,139714,655],{"class":58},[44,139716,2646],{"class":80},[44,139718,2955],{"class":58},[44,139720,3750],{"class":62},[44,139722,655],{"class":58},[44,139724,2646],{"class":80},[44,139726,2955],{"class":58},[44,139728,3759],{"class":62},[44,139730,655],{"class":58},[44,139732,3294],{"class":80},[20,139734,139735],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[35,139737,139739],{"className":37,"code":139738,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139740,139741,139754,139776,139780],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139742,139743,139745,139747,139749,139752],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139744,51],{"class":50},[44,139746,55],{"class":54},[44,139748,59],{"class":58},[44,139750,139751],{"class":62},"2024::10::31",[44,139753,66],{"class":58},[44,139755,139756,139758,139760,139762,139764,139766,139768,139770,139772,139774],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,139757,42501],{"class":50},[44,139759,55],{"class":54},[44,139761,77],{"class":50},[44,139763,81],{"class":80},[44,139765,34133],{"class":84},[44,139767,98],{"class":80},[44,139769,362],{"class":58},[44,139771,76330],{"class":62},[44,139773,362],{"class":58},[44,139775,104],{"class":80},[44,139777,139778],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,139779,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,139781,139782,139784,139786,139788],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,139783,95],{"class":94},[44,139785,98],{"class":80},[44,139787,42532],{"class":84},[44,139789,104],{"class":80},[20,139791,107],{},[35,139793,139795],{"className":37,"code":139794,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,139796,139797],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139798,139799,139801,139803,139806,139808,139810,139812,139814,139816,139818,139820,139823,139825],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139800,3561],{"class":80},[44,139802,655],{"class":58},[44,139804,139805],{"class":62},"2024",[44,139807,655],{"class":58},[44,139809,2646],{"class":80},[44,139811,2955],{"class":58},[44,139813,1982],{"class":62},[44,139815,655],{"class":58},[44,139817,2646],{"class":80},[44,139819,2955],{"class":58},[44,139821,139822],{"class":62},"31",[44,139824,655],{"class":58},[44,139826,3294],{"class":80},[20,139828,139829],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,139831,139832,139833,81],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[243,139834,128683],{"href":128682},[30,139836,675,139838],{"id":139837},"using-maxsplit",[15,139839,139246],{},[20,139841,139842,139844],{},[15,139843,139246],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,139846,139847],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,139849,161],{},[35,139851,139853],{"className":37,"code":139852,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139854,139855,139868,139894,139898],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139856,139857,139859,139861,139863,139866],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139858,51],{"class":50},[44,139860,55],{"class":54},[44,139862,59],{"class":58},[44,139864,139865],{"class":62},"name:age:city:country",[44,139867,66],{"class":58},[44,139869,139870,139872,139874,139876,139878,139880,139882,139884,139886,139888,139890,139892],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,139871,42501],{"class":50},[44,139873,55],{"class":54},[44,139875,77],{"class":50},[44,139877,81],{"class":80},[44,139879,34133],{"class":84},[44,139881,98],{"class":80},[44,139883,362],{"class":58},[44,139885,2539],{"class":62},[44,139887,362],{"class":58},[44,139889,2646],{"class":80},[44,139891,2649],{"class":1675},[44,139893,104],{"class":80},[44,139895,139896],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,139897,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,139899,139900,139902,139904,139906],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,139901,95],{"class":94},[44,139903,98],{"class":80},[44,139905,42532],{"class":84},[44,139907,104],{"class":80},[20,139909,107],{},[35,139911,139913],{"className":37,"code":139912,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,139914,139915],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139916,139917,139919,139921,139923,139925,139927,139929,139931,139933,139935,139937,139940,139942],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139918,3561],{"class":80},[44,139920,655],{"class":58},[44,139922,302],{"class":62},[44,139924,655],{"class":58},[44,139926,2646],{"class":80},[44,139928,2955],{"class":58},[44,139930,8959],{"class":62},[44,139932,655],{"class":58},[44,139934,2646],{"class":80},[44,139936,2955],{"class":58},[44,139938,139939],{"class":62},"city:country",[44,139941,655],{"class":58},[44,139943,3294],{"class":80},[20,139945,1830],{},[139,139947,139948,139953,139958],{},[142,139949,139950,139951],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,139952,2539],{},[142,139954,139955,139956],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,139957,2539],{},[142,139959,139960],{},"then stops",[20,139962,139963],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,139965,767],{},[35,139967,139969],{"className":37,"code":139968,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,139970,139971,139984],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139972,139973,139975,139977,139979,139982],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139974,51],{"class":50},[44,139976,55],{"class":54},[44,139978,59],{"class":58},[44,139980,139981],{"class":62},"apple banana cherry grape",[44,139983,66],{"class":58},[44,139985,139986,139988,139990,139992,139994,139996,139998,140000,140002,140004,140006],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,139987,95],{"class":94},[44,139989,98],{"class":80},[44,139991,194],{"class":84},[44,139993,81],{"class":80},[44,139995,34133],{"class":84},[44,139997,98],{"class":80},[44,139999,362],{"class":58},[44,140001,59],{"class":58},[44,140003,2646],{"class":80},[44,140005,5162],{"class":1675},[44,140007,370],{"class":80},[20,140009,107],{},[35,140011,140013],{"className":37,"code":140012,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140014,140015],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140016,140017,140019,140021,140023,140025,140027,140029,140032,140034],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140018,3561],{"class":80},[44,140020,655],{"class":58},[44,140022,3741],{"class":62},[44,140024,655],{"class":58},[44,140026,2646],{"class":80},[44,140028,2955],{"class":58},[44,140030,140031],{"class":62},"banana cherry grape",[44,140033,655],{"class":58},[44,140035,3294],{"class":80},[30,140037,126,140039,11367],{"id":140038},"what-split-returns",[15,140040,60194],{},[20,140042,140043,140044,140046,140047,81],{},"The result of ",[15,140045,60194],{}," is always a ",[830,140048,7754],{},[20,140050,140051],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140053,161],{},[35,140055,140057],{"className":37,"code":140056,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140058,140059,140072,140094,140098,140108,140122],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140060,140061,140063,140065,140067,140070],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140062,51],{"class":50},[44,140064,55],{"class":54},[44,140066,59],{"class":58},[44,140068,140069],{"class":62},"cat,dog,bird",[44,140071,66],{"class":58},[44,140073,140074,140076,140078,140080,140082,140084,140086,140088,140090,140092],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,140075,42501],{"class":50},[44,140077,55],{"class":54},[44,140079,77],{"class":50},[44,140081,81],{"class":80},[44,140083,34133],{"class":84},[44,140085,98],{"class":80},[44,140087,362],{"class":58},[44,140089,2646],{"class":62},[44,140091,362],{"class":58},[44,140093,104],{"class":80},[44,140095,140096],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,140097,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,140099,140100,140102,140104,140106],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,140101,95],{"class":94},[44,140103,98],{"class":80},[44,140105,42532],{"class":84},[44,140107,104],{"class":80},[44,140109,140110,140112,140114,140116,140118,140120],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,140111,95],{"class":94},[44,140113,98],{"class":80},[44,140115,2880],{"class":1461},[44,140117,98],{"class":80},[44,140119,42532],{"class":84},[44,140121,370],{"class":80},[44,140123,140124,140126,140128,140130,140132,140134],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,140125,95],{"class":94},[44,140127,98],{"class":80},[44,140129,42532],{"class":84},[44,140131,3561],{"class":80},[44,140133,1772],{"class":1675},[44,140135,3549],{"class":80},[20,140137,107],{},[35,140139,140141],{"className":37,"code":140140,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140142,140143,140171,140185],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140144,140145,140147,140149,140151,140153,140155,140157,140159,140161,140163,140165,140167,140169],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140146,3561],{"class":80},[44,140148,655],{"class":58},[44,140150,36712],{"class":62},[44,140152,655],{"class":58},[44,140154,2646],{"class":80},[44,140156,2955],{"class":58},[44,140158,57789],{"class":62},[44,140160,655],{"class":58},[44,140162,2646],{"class":80},[44,140164,2955],{"class":58},[44,140166,57806],{"class":62},[44,140168,655],{"class":58},[44,140170,3294],{"class":80},[44,140172,140173,140175,140177,140179,140181,140183],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,140174,2949],{"class":54},[44,140176,2952],{"class":1717},[44,140178,2955],{"class":58},[44,140180,7754],{"class":62},[44,140182,655],{"class":58},[44,140184,2962],{"class":54},[44,140186,140187],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,140188,85130],{"class":50},[20,140190,140191],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[139,140193,140194,140197,140200],{},[142,140195,140196],{},"loop over it",[142,140198,140199],{},"access items by index",[142,140201,140202],{},"combine items again later",[20,140204,140205,140206,81],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[243,140207,1552,140209,1555],{"href":140208},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140210,133078],{},[20,140212,161],{},[35,140214,140216],{"className":37,"code":140215,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140217,140218,140250,140272,140276],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140219,140220,140222,140224,140226,140228,140230,140232,140234,140236,140238,140240,140242,140244,140246,140248],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140221,42501],{"class":50},[44,140223,55],{"class":54},[44,140225,3281],{"class":80},[44,140227,655],{"class":58},[44,140229,36712],{"class":62},[44,140231,655],{"class":58},[44,140233,2646],{"class":80},[44,140235,2955],{"class":58},[44,140237,57789],{"class":62},[44,140239,655],{"class":58},[44,140241,2646],{"class":80},[44,140243,2955],{"class":58},[44,140245,57806],{"class":62},[44,140247,655],{"class":58},[44,140249,3294],{"class":80},[44,140251,140252,140254,140256,140258,140260,140262,140264,140266,140268,140270],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,140253,51],{"class":50},[44,140255,55],{"class":54},[44,140257,59],{"class":58},[44,140259,1672],{"class":62},[44,140261,362],{"class":58},[44,140263,81],{"class":80},[44,140265,133155],{"class":84},[44,140267,98],{"class":80},[44,140269,42532],{"class":84},[44,140271,104],{"class":80},[44,140273,140274],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,140275,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,140277,140278,140280,140282,140284],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,140279,95],{"class":94},[44,140281,98],{"class":80},[44,140283,194],{"class":84},[44,140285,104],{"class":80},[20,140287,107],{},[35,140289,140291],{"className":37,"code":140290,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140292,140293],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140294,140295,140297,140299,140301,140303],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140296,36712],{"class":50},[44,140298,1672],{"class":54},[44,140300,57789],{"class":50},[44,140302,1672],{"class":54},[44,140304,140305],{"class":50},"bird\n",[30,140307,140309],{"id":140308},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140311,140312],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[267,140314,140316],{"id":140315},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[35,140318,140320],{"className":37,"code":140319,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140321,140322,140330],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140323,140324,140326,140328],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140325,51],{"class":50},[44,140327,55],{"class":54},[44,140329,7543],{"class":58},[44,140331,140332,140334,140336,140338,140340,140342],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,140333,95],{"class":94},[44,140335,98],{"class":80},[44,140337,194],{"class":84},[44,140339,81],{"class":80},[44,140341,34133],{"class":84},[44,140343,201],{"class":80},[20,140345,107],{},[35,140347,140348],{"className":37,"code":37963,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,140349,140350],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140351,140352],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140353,37963],{"class":80},[267,140355,140357],{"id":140356},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[35,140359,140361],{"className":37,"code":140360,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140362,140363,140371],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140364,140365,140367,140369],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140366,51],{"class":50},[44,140368,55],{"class":54},[44,140370,7543],{"class":58},[44,140372,140373,140375,140377,140379,140381,140383,140385,140387,140389,140391],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,140374,95],{"class":94},[44,140376,98],{"class":80},[44,140378,194],{"class":84},[44,140380,81],{"class":80},[44,140382,34133],{"class":84},[44,140384,98],{"class":80},[44,140386,362],{"class":58},[44,140388,2646],{"class":62},[44,140390,362],{"class":58},[44,140392,370],{"class":80},[20,140394,107],{},[35,140396,140398],{"className":37,"code":140397,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['']\n",[15,140399,140400],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140401,140402,140404,140406],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140403,3561],{"class":80},[44,140405,3434],{"class":58},[44,140407,3294],{"class":80},[267,140409,140411],{"id":140410},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140413,140414],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[35,140416,140418],{"className":37,"code":140417,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140419,140420,140432],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140421,140422,140424,140426,140428,140430],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140423,51],{"class":50},[44,140425,55],{"class":54},[44,140427,59],{"class":58},[44,140429,986],{"class":62},[44,140431,66],{"class":58},[44,140433,140434,140436,140438,140440,140442,140444,140446,140448,140450,140452],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,140435,95],{"class":94},[44,140437,98],{"class":80},[44,140439,194],{"class":84},[44,140441,81],{"class":80},[44,140443,34133],{"class":84},[44,140445,98],{"class":80},[44,140447,362],{"class":58},[44,140449,2646],{"class":62},[44,140451,362],{"class":58},[44,140453,370],{"class":80},[20,140455,107],{},[35,140457,140459],{"className":37,"code":140458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['hello']\n",[15,140460,140461],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140462,140463,140465,140467,140469,140471],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140464,3561],{"class":80},[44,140466,655],{"class":58},[44,140468,986],{"class":62},[44,140470,655],{"class":58},[44,140472,3294],{"class":80},[30,140474,1133,140476],{"id":140475},"when-to-use-split",[15,140477,60194],{},[20,140479,119,140480,140482],{},[15,140481,60194],{}," when you need to:",[139,140484,140485,140488,140491],{},[142,140486,140487],{},"split a sentence into words",[142,140489,140490],{},"split comma-separated values",[142,140492,140493],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140495,140496],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[139,140498,140499,140502,140505],{},[142,140500,140501],{},"cleaning text",[142,140503,140504],{},"parsing user input",[142,140506,140507],{},"processing simple file content",[30,140509,1238],{"id":1237},[20,140511,1241],{},[139,140513,140514,140518,140524,140527,140535],{},[142,140515,50168,140516,1249],{},[15,140517,60194],{},[142,140519,140520,140521,140523],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140522,60194],{}," returns a list, not a string",[142,140525,140526],{},"using the wrong separator",[142,140528,140529,140530,140532,140533],{},"assuming ",[15,140531,139469],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140534,60194],{},[142,140536,140537],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140539,140540],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[35,140542,140544],{"className":37,"code":140543,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140545,140546,140558,140576,140580],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140547,140548,140550,140552,140554,140556],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140549,51],{"class":50},[44,140551,55],{"class":54},[44,140553,59],{"class":58},[44,140555,42494],{"class":62},[44,140557,66],{"class":58},[44,140559,140560,140562,140564,140566,140568,140570,140572,140574],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,140561,194],{"class":50},[44,140563,81],{"class":80},[44,140565,34133],{"class":84},[44,140567,98],{"class":80},[44,140569,362],{"class":58},[44,140571,2646],{"class":62},[44,140573,362],{"class":58},[44,140575,104],{"class":80},[44,140577,140578],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,140579,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,140581,140582,140584,140586,140588],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,140583,95],{"class":94},[44,140585,98],{"class":80},[44,140587,194],{"class":84},[44,140589,104],{"class":80},[20,140591,107],{},[35,140593,140595],{"className":37,"code":140594,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a,b,c\n",[15,140596,140597],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140598,140599,140601,140603,140605,140607],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140600,243],{"class":50},[44,140602,2646],{"class":80},[44,140604,842],{"class":50},[44,140606,2646],{"class":80},[44,140608,68909],{"class":50},[20,140610,140611],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140613,10467],{},[35,140615,140616],{"className":37,"code":42481,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,140617,140618,140630,140652,140656],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140619,140620,140622,140624,140626,140628],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140621,51],{"class":50},[44,140623,55],{"class":54},[44,140625,59],{"class":58},[44,140627,42494],{"class":62},[44,140629,66],{"class":58},[44,140631,140632,140634,140636,140638,140640,140642,140644,140646,140648,140650],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,140633,42501],{"class":50},[44,140635,55],{"class":54},[44,140637,77],{"class":50},[44,140639,81],{"class":80},[44,140641,34133],{"class":84},[44,140643,98],{"class":80},[44,140645,362],{"class":58},[44,140647,2646],{"class":62},[44,140649,362],{"class":58},[44,140651,104],{"class":80},[44,140653,140654],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,140655,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,140657,140658,140660,140662,140664],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,140659,95],{"class":94},[44,140661,98],{"class":80},[44,140663,42532],{"class":84},[44,140665,104],{"class":80},[20,140667,107],{},[35,140669,140670],{"className":37,"code":42539,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,140671,140672],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140673,140674,140676,140678,140680,140682,140684,140686,140688,140690,140692,140694,140696,140698],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140675,3561],{"class":80},[44,140677,655],{"class":58},[44,140679,243],{"class":62},[44,140681,655],{"class":58},[44,140683,2646],{"class":80},[44,140685,2955],{"class":58},[44,140687,842],{"class":62},[44,140689,655],{"class":58},[44,140691,2646],{"class":80},[44,140693,2955],{"class":58},[44,140695,846],{"class":62},[44,140697,655],{"class":58},[44,140699,3294],{"class":80},[20,140701,140702],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[35,140704,140706],{"className":37,"code":140705,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,140707,140708,140721,140743,140747],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140709,140710,140712,140714,140716,140719],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140711,51],{"class":50},[44,140713,55],{"class":54},[44,140715,59],{"class":58},[44,140717,140718],{"class":62},"apple,banana",[44,140720,66],{"class":58},[44,140722,140723,140725,140727,140729,140731,140733,140735,140737,140739,140741],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,140724,42501],{"class":50},[44,140726,55],{"class":54},[44,140728,77],{"class":50},[44,140730,81],{"class":80},[44,140732,34133],{"class":84},[44,140734,98],{"class":80},[44,140736,362],{"class":58},[44,140738,2646],{"class":62},[44,140740,362],{"class":58},[44,140742,104],{"class":80},[44,140744,140745],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,140746,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,140748,140749,140751,140753,140755,140757,140759],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,140750,95],{"class":94},[44,140752,98],{"class":80},[44,140754,42532],{"class":84},[44,140756,3561],{"class":80},[44,140758,1708],{"class":1675},[44,140760,3549],{"class":80},[20,140762,140763,140764,81],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[243,140765,68922],{"href":68921},[267,140767,60373],{"id":60372},[20,140769,8534,140770,140772],{},[15,140771,60194],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[35,140774,140776],{"className":37,"code":140775,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,140777,140778,140788,140802,140824,140850],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140779,140780,140782,140784,140786],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140781,95],{"class":94},[44,140783,98],{"class":80},[44,140785,194],{"class":84},[44,140787,104],{"class":80},[44,140789,140790,140792,140794,140796,140798,140800],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,140791,95],{"class":94},[44,140793,98],{"class":80},[44,140795,194],{"class":84},[44,140797,81],{"class":80},[44,140799,34133],{"class":84},[44,140801,201],{"class":80},[44,140803,140804,140806,140808,140810,140812,140814,140816,140818,140820,140822],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,140805,95],{"class":94},[44,140807,98],{"class":80},[44,140809,194],{"class":84},[44,140811,81],{"class":80},[44,140813,34133],{"class":84},[44,140815,98],{"class":80},[44,140817,655],{"class":58},[44,140819,2646],{"class":62},[44,140821,655],{"class":58},[44,140823,370],{"class":80},[44,140825,140826,140828,140830,140832,140834,140836,140838,140840,140842,140844,140846,140848],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,140827,95],{"class":94},[44,140829,98],{"class":80},[44,140831,10822],{"class":94},[44,140833,98],{"class":80},[44,140835,194],{"class":84},[44,140837,81],{"class":80},[44,140839,34133],{"class":84},[44,140841,98],{"class":80},[44,140843,655],{"class":58},[44,140845,2646],{"class":62},[44,140847,655],{"class":58},[44,140849,2567],{"class":80},[44,140851,140852,140854,140856,140858,140860,140862,140864,140866,140868,140870,140872,140874],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,140853,95],{"class":94},[44,140855,98],{"class":80},[44,140857,2880],{"class":1461},[44,140859,98],{"class":80},[44,140861,194],{"class":84},[44,140863,81],{"class":80},[44,140865,34133],{"class":84},[44,140867,98],{"class":80},[44,140869,655],{"class":58},[44,140871,2646],{"class":62},[44,140873,655],{"class":58},[44,140875,2567],{"class":80},[20,140877,10831],{},[139,140879,140880,140883,140886,140889],{},[142,140881,140882],{},"what the original string looks like",[142,140884,140885],{},"which separator works",[142,140887,140888],{},"how many items were created",[142,140890,140891],{},"that the result is a list",[30,140893,1478],{"id":1477},[267,140895,4842,140897,4057,140899,1520],{"id":140896},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,140898,60194],{},[15,140900,139469],{},[20,140902,140903,140905],{},[15,140904,60194],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,140907,140908,140910],{},[15,140909,139469],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[267,140912,1482,140914,1497],{"id":140913},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,140915,60194],{},[20,140917,140918,140919,56140],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,140920,60194],{},[267,140922,1504,140924,39627],{"id":140923},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,140925,139246],{},[20,140927,140928],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[267,140930,140932],{"id":140931},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,140934,28729,140935,140937],{},[15,140936,60194],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[30,140939,1545],{"id":1544},[139,140941,140942,140946,140952,140958,140962],{},[142,140943,140944],{},[243,140945,129603],{"href":128682},[142,140947,140948],{},[243,140949,1552,140950,1555],{"href":140208},[15,140951,133078],{},[142,140953,140954],{},[243,140955,1552,140956,1555],{"href":136562},[15,140957,17],{},[142,140959,140960],{},[243,140961,246],{"href":245},[142,140963,140964],{},[243,140965,68922],{"href":68921},[1577,140967,140968],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":140970},[140971,140972,140974,140975,140980,140981,140983,140985,140990,140992,140995,141004],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":139076,"depth":69,"text":140973},"What split() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":139324,"depth":69,"text":140976,"children":140977},"Using split() with no separator",[140978],{"id":139464,"depth":91,"text":140979},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139627,"depth":69,"text":139628},{"id":139837,"depth":69,"text":140982},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140038,"depth":69,"text":140984},"What split() returns",{"id":140308,"depth":69,"text":140309,"children":140986},[140987,140988,140989],{"id":140315,"depth":91,"text":140316},{"id":140356,"depth":91,"text":140357},{"id":140410,"depth":91,"text":140411},{"id":140475,"depth":69,"text":140991},"When to use split()",{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238,"children":140993},[140994],{"id":60372,"depth":91,"text":60373},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":140996},[140997,140999,141001,141003],{"id":140896,"depth":91,"text":140998},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":140913,"depth":91,"text":141000},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":140923,"depth":91,"text":141002},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":140931,"depth":91,"text":140932},{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":138985,"description":141005},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141012,"title":141013,"body":141014,"description":142957,"extension":1611,"meta":142958,"navigation":184,"path":142959,"seo":142960,"stem":142961,"__hash__":142962},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141015,"toc":142916},[141016,141021,141026,141033,141106,141111,141116,141121,141137,141139,141209,141211,141213,141233,141235,141280,141285,141287,141385,141390,141394,141399,141403,141406,141448,141452,141455,141500,141504,141507,141557,141561,141566,141618,141620,141625,141636,141641,141721,141723,141735,141744,141751,141766,141768,141883,141889,141893,141896,141901,142043,142046,142053,142055,142059,142067,142136,142142,142191,142196,142201,142203,142223,142225,142291,142293,142297,142300,142304,142345,142347,142380,142385,142388,142415,142417,142460,142467,142472,142482,142548,142552,142560,142565,142616,142620,142623,142625,142634,142636,142686,142688,142795,142797,142802,142809,142815,142818,142849,142854,142856,142863,142871,142880,142883,142885,142913],[10,141017,13,141019,18],{"id":141018},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141020,127368],{},[20,141022,123015,141023,141025],{},[15,141024,127368],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141027,126069,141028,2532,141030,141032],{},[15,141029,3263],{},[15,141031,3335],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[35,141034,141036],{"className":37,"code":141035,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141037,141038,141051,141055,141080],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141039,141040,141042,141044,141046,141049],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141041,51],{"class":50},[44,141043,55],{"class":54},[44,141045,59],{"class":58},[44,141047,141048],{"class":62},"Python Beginner Help",[44,141050,66],{"class":58},[44,141052,141053],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,141054,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,141056,141057,141059,141061,141063,141065,141068,141070,141072,141074,141076,141078],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,141058,95],{"class":94},[44,141060,98],{"class":80},[44,141062,194],{"class":84},[44,141064,81],{"class":80},[44,141066,141067],{"class":84},"startswith",[44,141069,98],{"class":80},[44,141071,362],{"class":58},[44,141073,6959],{"class":62},[44,141075,362],{"class":58},[44,141077,5025],{"class":80},[44,141079,43517],{"class":3324},[44,141081,141082,141084,141086,141088,141090,141092,141094,141096,141099,141101,141103],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,141083,95],{"class":94},[44,141085,98],{"class":80},[44,141087,194],{"class":84},[44,141089,81],{"class":80},[44,141091,141067],{"class":84},[44,141093,98],{"class":80},[44,141095,362],{"class":58},[44,141097,141098],{"class":62},"Beginner",[44,141100,362],{"class":58},[44,141102,5025],{"class":80},[44,141104,141105],{"class":3324}," # False\n",[20,141107,119,141108,141110],{},[15,141109,127368],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[30,141112,126,141114,129],{"id":141113},"what-startswith-does",[15,141115,127368],{},[20,141117,141118,141120],{},[15,141119,127368],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[139,141122,141123,141126,141132,141134],{},[142,141124,141125],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[142,141127,4810,141128,2532,141130],{},[15,141129,3263],{},[15,141131,3335],{},[142,141133,123153],{},[142,141135,141136],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141138,161],{},[35,141140,141142],{"className":37,"code":141141,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141143,141144,141156,141160,141185],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141145,141146,141148,141150,141152,141154],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141147,284],{"class":50},[44,141149,55],{"class":54},[44,141151,59],{"class":58},[44,141153,6959],{"class":62},[44,141155,66],{"class":58},[44,141157,141158],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,141159,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,141161,141162,141164,141166,141168,141170,141172,141174,141176,141179,141181,141183],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,141163,95],{"class":94},[44,141165,98],{"class":80},[44,141167,302],{"class":84},[44,141169,81],{"class":80},[44,141171,141067],{"class":84},[44,141173,98],{"class":80},[44,141175,362],{"class":58},[44,141177,141178],{"class":62},"Py",[44,141180,362],{"class":58},[44,141182,5025],{"class":80},[44,141184,43517],{"class":3324},[44,141186,141187,141189,141191,141193,141195,141197,141199,141201,141203,141205,141207],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,141188,95],{"class":94},[44,141190,98],{"class":80},[44,141192,302],{"class":84},[44,141194,81],{"class":80},[44,141196,141067],{"class":84},[44,141198,98],{"class":80},[44,141200,362],{"class":58},[44,141202,128445],{"class":62},[44,141204,362],{"class":58},[44,141206,5025],{"class":80},[44,141208,43534],{"class":3324},[30,141210,250],{"id":249},[20,141212,42049],{},[35,141214,141216],{"className":37,"code":141215,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141217,141218],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141219,141220,141222,141224,141226,141228,141231],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141221,60837],{"class":50},[44,141223,81],{"class":80},[44,141225,141067],{"class":84},[44,141227,98],{"class":80},[44,141229,141230],{"class":84},"prefix",[44,141232,104],{"class":80},[20,141234,30432],{},[35,141236,141238],{"className":37,"code":141237,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141239,141240,141258],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141241,141242,141244,141246,141248,141250,141252,141254,141256],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141243,60837],{"class":50},[44,141245,81],{"class":80},[44,141247,141067],{"class":84},[44,141249,98],{"class":80},[44,141251,141230],{"class":84},[44,141253,2646],{"class":80},[44,141255,35716],{"class":84},[44,141257,104],{"class":80},[44,141259,141260,141262,141264,141266,141268,141270,141272,141274,141276,141278],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,141261,60837],{"class":50},[44,141263,81],{"class":80},[44,141265,141067],{"class":84},[44,141267,98],{"class":80},[44,141269,141230],{"class":84},[44,141271,2646],{"class":80},[44,141273,35716],{"class":84},[44,141275,2646],{"class":80},[44,141277,64703],{"class":84},[44,141279,104],{"class":80},[20,141281,20438,141282,141284],{},[15,141283,141230],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141286,161],{},[35,141288,141290],{"className":37,"code":141289,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141291,141292,141304,141308,141333,141357],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141293,141294,141296,141298,141300,141302],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141295,51],{"class":50},[44,141297,55],{"class":54},[44,141299,59],{"class":58},[44,141301,60069],{"class":62},[44,141303,66],{"class":58},[44,141305,141306],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,141307,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,141309,141310,141312,141314,141316,141318,141320,141322,141324,141326,141328,141330],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,141311,95],{"class":94},[44,141313,98],{"class":80},[44,141315,194],{"class":84},[44,141317,81],{"class":80},[44,141319,141067],{"class":84},[44,141321,98],{"class":80},[44,141323,362],{"class":58},[44,141325,986],{"class":62},[44,141327,362],{"class":58},[44,141329,5025],{"class":80},[44,141331,141332],{"class":3324},"      # True\n",[44,141334,141335,141337,141339,141341,141343,141345,141347,141349,141351,141353,141355],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,141336,95],{"class":94},[44,141338,98],{"class":80},[44,141340,194],{"class":84},[44,141342,81],{"class":80},[44,141344,141067],{"class":84},[44,141346,98],{"class":80},[44,141348,362],{"class":58},[44,141350,60254],{"class":62},[44,141352,362],{"class":58},[44,141354,5025],{"class":80},[44,141356,20868],{"class":3324},[44,141358,141359,141361,141363,141365,141367,141369,141371,141373,141375,141377,141379,141381,141383],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,141360,95],{"class":94},[44,141362,98],{"class":80},[44,141364,194],{"class":84},[44,141366,81],{"class":80},[44,141368,141067],{"class":84},[44,141370,98],{"class":80},[44,141372,362],{"class":58},[44,141374,60254],{"class":62},[44,141376,362],{"class":58},[44,141378,2646],{"class":80},[44,141380,37309],{"class":1675},[44,141382,5025],{"class":80},[44,141384,43517],{"class":3324},[20,141386,141387,141388,81],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[243,141389,246],{"href":245},[30,141391,141393],{"id":141392},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141395,141396,141398],{},[15,141397,127368],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[267,141400,141401],{"id":141230},[15,141402,141230],{},[20,141404,141405],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[35,141407,141409],{"className":37,"code":141408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141410,141411,141423],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141412,141413,141415,141417,141419,141421],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141414,51],{"class":50},[44,141416,55],{"class":54},[44,141418,59],{"class":58},[44,141420,3750],{"class":62},[44,141422,66],{"class":58},[44,141424,141425,141427,141429,141431,141433,141435,141437,141439,141442,141444,141446],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,141426,95],{"class":94},[44,141428,98],{"class":80},[44,141430,194],{"class":84},[44,141432,81],{"class":80},[44,141434,141067],{"class":84},[44,141436,98],{"class":80},[44,141438,362],{"class":58},[44,141440,141441],{"class":62},"ban",[44,141443,362],{"class":58},[44,141445,5025],{"class":80},[44,141447,3325],{"class":3324},[267,141449,141450],{"id":35737},[15,141451,35737],{},[20,141453,141454],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[35,141456,141458],{"className":37,"code":141457,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141459,141460,141472],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141461,141462,141464,141466,141468,141470],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141463,51],{"class":50},[44,141465,55],{"class":54},[44,141467,59],{"class":58},[44,141469,60069],{"class":62},[44,141471,66],{"class":58},[44,141473,141474,141476,141478,141480,141482,141484,141486,141488,141490,141492,141494,141496,141498],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,141475,95],{"class":94},[44,141477,98],{"class":80},[44,141479,194],{"class":84},[44,141481,81],{"class":80},[44,141483,141067],{"class":84},[44,141485,98],{"class":80},[44,141487,362],{"class":58},[44,141489,60254],{"class":62},[44,141491,362],{"class":58},[44,141493,2646],{"class":80},[44,141495,37309],{"class":1675},[44,141497,5025],{"class":80},[44,141499,3325],{"class":3324},[267,141501,141502],{"id":52322},[15,141503,52322],{},[20,141505,141506],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[35,141508,141510],{"className":37,"code":141509,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141511,141512,141524],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141513,141514,141516,141518,141520,141522],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141515,51],{"class":50},[44,141517,55],{"class":54},[44,141519,59],{"class":58},[44,141521,60069],{"class":62},[44,141523,66],{"class":58},[44,141525,141526,141528,141530,141532,141534,141536,141538,141540,141543,141545,141547,141549,141551,141553,141555],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,141527,95],{"class":94},[44,141529,98],{"class":80},[44,141531,194],{"class":84},[44,141533,81],{"class":80},[44,141535,141067],{"class":84},[44,141537,98],{"class":80},[44,141539,362],{"class":58},[44,141541,141542],{"class":62},"wor",[44,141544,362],{"class":58},[44,141546,2646],{"class":80},[44,141548,37309],{"class":1675},[44,141550,2646],{"class":80},[44,141552,53797],{"class":1675},[44,141554,5025],{"class":80},[44,141556,3325],{"class":3324},[267,141558,141560],{"id":141559},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141562,141563,141565],{},[15,141564,141230],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[35,141567,141569],{"className":37,"code":141568,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141570,141571,141584],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141572,141573,141575,141577,141579,141582],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141574,1055],{"class":50},[44,141576,55],{"class":54},[44,141578,59],{"class":58},[44,141580,141581],{"class":62},"img_001.png",[44,141583,66],{"class":58},[44,141585,141586,141588,141590,141592,141594,141596,141598,141600,141603,141605,141607,141609,141612,141614,141616],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,141587,95],{"class":94},[44,141589,98],{"class":80},[44,141591,1073],{"class":84},[44,141593,81],{"class":80},[44,141595,141067],{"class":84},[44,141597,5175],{"class":80},[44,141599,362],{"class":58},[44,141601,141602],{"class":62},"img_",[44,141604,362],{"class":58},[44,141606,2646],{"class":80},[44,141608,59],{"class":58},[44,141610,141611],{"class":62},"photo_",[44,141613,362],{"class":58},[44,141615,50753],{"class":80},[44,141617,3325],{"class":3324},[30,141619,17084],{"id":17083},[20,141621,141622,141624],{},[15,141623,127368],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[139,141626,141627,141632],{},[142,141628,141629,141631],{},[15,141630,3263],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[142,141633,141634,126685],{},[15,141635,3335],{},[20,141637,141638,141639,6835],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141640,525],{},[35,141642,141644],{"className":37,"code":141643,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141645,141646,141660,141664,141685,141700,141706],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141647,141648,141651,141653,141655,141658],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141649,141650],{"class":50},"command ",[44,141652,55],{"class":54},[44,141654,59],{"class":58},[44,141656,141657],{"class":62},"\u002Fhelp",[44,141659,66],{"class":58},[44,141661,141662],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,141663,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,141665,141666,141668,141671,141673,141675,141677,141679,141681,141683],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,141667,525],{"class":524},[44,141669,141670],{"class":50}," command",[44,141672,81],{"class":80},[44,141674,141067],{"class":84},[44,141676,98],{"class":80},[44,141678,362],{"class":58},[44,141680,126892],{"class":62},[44,141682,362],{"class":58},[44,141684,8003],{"class":80},[44,141686,141687,141689,141691,141693,141696,141698],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,141688,553],{"class":94},[44,141690,98],{"class":80},[44,141692,362],{"class":58},[44,141694,141695],{"class":62},"This looks like a command.",[44,141697,362],{"class":58},[44,141699,104],{"class":80},[44,141701,141702,141704],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,141703,27101],{"class":524},[44,141705,548],{"class":80},[44,141707,141708,141710,141712,141714,141717,141719],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,141709,553],{"class":94},[44,141711,98],{"class":80},[44,141713,362],{"class":58},[44,141715,141716],{"class":62},"This is normal text.",[44,141718,362],{"class":58},[44,141720,104],{"class":80},[20,141722,107],{},[35,141724,141726],{"className":37,"code":141725,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,141727,141728],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141729,141730,141733],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141731,141732],{"class":50},"This looks like a command",[44,141734,122044],{"class":80},[30,141736,675,141738,8363,141740,4057,141742],{"id":141737},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,141739,127368],{},[15,141741,35737],{},[15,141743,52322],{},[20,141745,1628,141746,4057,141748,141750],{},[15,141747,35737],{},[15,141749,52322],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[139,141752,141753,141758,141763],{},[142,141754,141755,141757],{},[15,141756,35737],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[142,141759,141760,141762],{},[15,141761,52322],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[142,141764,141765],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,141767,161],{},[35,141769,141771],{"className":37,"code":141770,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,141772,141773,141785,141789,141818,141851],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141774,141775,141777,141779,141781,141783],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141776,51],{"class":50},[44,141778,55],{"class":54},[44,141780,59],{"class":58},[44,141782,139270],{"class":62},[44,141784,66],{"class":58},[44,141786,141787],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,141788,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,141790,141791,141793,141795,141797,141799,141801,141803,141805,141807,141809,141811,141813,141815],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,141792,95],{"class":94},[44,141794,98],{"class":80},[44,141796,194],{"class":84},[44,141798,81],{"class":80},[44,141800,141067],{"class":84},[44,141802,98],{"class":80},[44,141804,362],{"class":58},[44,141806,78934],{"class":62},[44,141808,362],{"class":58},[44,141810,2646],{"class":80},[44,141812,2110],{"class":1675},[44,141814,5025],{"class":80},[44,141816,141817],{"class":3324},"        # True\n",[44,141819,141820,141822,141824,141826,141828,141830,141832,141834,141836,141838,141840,141842,141844,141847,141849],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,141821,95],{"class":94},[44,141823,98],{"class":80},[44,141825,194],{"class":84},[44,141827,81],{"class":80},[44,141829,141067],{"class":84},[44,141831,98],{"class":80},[44,141833,362],{"class":58},[44,141835,133882],{"class":62},[44,141837,362],{"class":58},[44,141839,2646],{"class":80},[44,141841,6024],{"class":1675},[44,141843,2646],{"class":80},[44,141845,141846],{"class":1675}," 13",[44,141848,5025],{"class":80},[44,141850,3325],{"class":3324},[44,141852,141853,141855,141857,141859,141861,141863,141865,141867,141869,141871,141873,141875,141877,141879,141881],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,141854,95],{"class":94},[44,141856,98],{"class":80},[44,141858,194],{"class":84},[44,141860,81],{"class":80},[44,141862,141067],{"class":84},[44,141864,98],{"class":80},[44,141866,362],{"class":58},[44,141868,133882],{"class":62},[44,141870,362],{"class":58},[44,141872,2646],{"class":80},[44,141874,6024],{"class":1675},[44,141876,2646],{"class":80},[44,141878,30610],{"class":1675},[44,141880,5025],{"class":80},[44,141882,4435],{"class":3324},[20,141884,141885,141886,141888],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,141887,52322],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[30,141890,141892],{"id":141891},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,141894,141895],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,141897,141898,141899,49010],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,141900,40504],{},[35,141902,141904],{"className":37,"code":141903,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,141905,141906,141920,141934,141948,141952,141976,141980,142001,142022],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141907,141908,141911,141913,141915,141918],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141909,141910],{"class":50},"filename1 ",[44,141912,55],{"class":54},[44,141914,59],{"class":58},[44,141916,141917],{"class":62},"img_101.jpg",[44,141919,66],{"class":58},[44,141921,141922,141925,141927,141929,141932],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,141923,141924],{"class":50},"filename2 ",[44,141926,55],{"class":54},[44,141928,59],{"class":58},[44,141930,141931],{"class":62},"photo_202.jpg",[44,141933,66],{"class":58},[44,141935,141936,141939,141941,141943,141946],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,141937,141938],{"class":50},"filename3 ",[44,141940,55],{"class":54},[44,141942,59],{"class":58},[44,141944,141945],{"class":62},"doc_303.jpg",[44,141947,66],{"class":58},[44,141949,141950],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,141951,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,141953,141954,141956,141958,141960,141962,141964,141966,141968,141970,141972,141974],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,141955,127295],{"class":50},[44,141957,55],{"class":54},[44,141959,8896],{"class":80},[44,141961,362],{"class":58},[44,141963,141602],{"class":62},[44,141965,362],{"class":58},[44,141967,2646],{"class":80},[44,141969,59],{"class":58},[44,141971,141611],{"class":62},[44,141973,362],{"class":58},[44,141975,104],{"class":80},[44,141977,141978],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,141979,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,141981,141982,141984,141986,141989,141991,141993,141995,141997,141999],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,141983,95],{"class":94},[44,141985,98],{"class":80},[44,141987,141988],{"class":84},"filename1",[44,141990,81],{"class":80},[44,141992,141067],{"class":84},[44,141994,98],{"class":80},[44,141996,127347],{"class":84},[44,141998,5025],{"class":80},[44,142000,3325],{"class":3324},[44,142002,142003,142005,142007,142010,142012,142014,142016,142018,142020],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,142004,95],{"class":94},[44,142006,98],{"class":80},[44,142008,142009],{"class":84},"filename2",[44,142011,81],{"class":80},[44,142013,141067],{"class":84},[44,142015,98],{"class":80},[44,142017,127347],{"class":84},[44,142019,5025],{"class":80},[44,142021,3325],{"class":3324},[44,142023,142024,142026,142028,142031,142033,142035,142037,142039,142041],{"class":46,"line":6095},[44,142025,95],{"class":94},[44,142027,98],{"class":80},[44,142029,142030],{"class":84},"filename3",[44,142032,81],{"class":80},[44,142034,141067],{"class":84},[44,142036,98],{"class":80},[44,142038,127347],{"class":84},[44,142040,5025],{"class":80},[44,142042,4435],{"class":3324},[20,142044,142045],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142047,74435,142048,142052],{},[243,142049,1552,142050,1555],{"href":129592},[15,142051,126061],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[30,142054,123657],{"id":123656},[20,142056,142057,123468],{},[15,142058,127368],{},[20,142060,127045,142061,4057,142064,127052],{},[15,142062,142063],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142065,142066],{},"\"python\"",[35,142068,142070],{"className":37,"code":142069,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142071,142072,142084,142088,142112],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142073,142074,142076,142078,142080,142082],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142075,51],{"class":50},[44,142077,55],{"class":54},[44,142079,59],{"class":58},[44,142081,6959],{"class":62},[44,142083,66],{"class":58},[44,142085,142086],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,142087,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,142089,142090,142092,142094,142096,142098,142100,142102,142104,142106,142108,142110],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,142091,95],{"class":94},[44,142093,98],{"class":80},[44,142095,194],{"class":84},[44,142097,81],{"class":80},[44,142099,141067],{"class":84},[44,142101,98],{"class":80},[44,142103,362],{"class":58},[44,142105,141178],{"class":62},[44,142107,362],{"class":58},[44,142109,5025],{"class":80},[44,142111,3325],{"class":3324},[44,142113,142114,142116,142118,142120,142122,142124,142126,142128,142130,142132,142134],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,142115,95],{"class":94},[44,142117,98],{"class":80},[44,142119,194],{"class":84},[44,142121,81],{"class":80},[44,142123,141067],{"class":84},[44,142125,98],{"class":80},[44,142127,362],{"class":58},[44,142129,128445],{"class":62},[44,142131,362],{"class":58},[44,142133,5025],{"class":80},[44,142135,4435],{"class":3324},[20,142137,127137,142138,81],{},[243,142139,142140],{"href":1231},[15,142141,1234],{},[35,142143,142145],{"className":37,"code":142144,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142146,142147,142159,142163],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142148,142149,142151,142153,142155,142157],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142150,51],{"class":50},[44,142152,55],{"class":54},[44,142154,59],{"class":58},[44,142156,6959],{"class":62},[44,142158,66],{"class":58},[44,142160,142161],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,142162,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,142164,142165,142167,142169,142171,142173,142175,142177,142179,142181,142183,142185,142187,142189],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,142166,95],{"class":94},[44,142168,98],{"class":80},[44,142170,194],{"class":84},[44,142172,81],{"class":80},[44,142174,8300],{"class":84},[44,142176,8297],{"class":80},[44,142178,141067],{"class":84},[44,142180,98],{"class":80},[44,142182,362],{"class":58},[44,142184,128445],{"class":62},[44,142186,362],{"class":58},[44,142188,5025],{"class":80},[44,142190,3325],{"class":3324},[30,142192,1133,142194],{"id":142193},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142195,127368],{},[20,142197,142198,142200],{},[15,142199,127368],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142202,9034],{},[139,142204,142205,142208,142211,142220],{},[142,142206,142207],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[142,142209,142210],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[142,142212,142213,142214,2532,142217],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142215,142216],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142218,142219],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[142,142221,142222],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142224,161],{},[35,142226,142228],{"className":37,"code":142227,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142229,142230,142243,142247,142276],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142231,142232,142234,142236,142238,142241],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142233,126863],{"class":50},[44,142235,55],{"class":54},[44,142237,59],{"class":58},[44,142239,142240],{"class":62},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[44,142242,66],{"class":58},[44,142244,142245],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,142246,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,142248,142249,142251,142254,142256,142258,142260,142262,142264,142266,142268,142270,142272,142274],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,142250,525],{"class":524},[44,142252,142253],{"class":50}," url",[44,142255,81],{"class":80},[44,142257,141067],{"class":84},[44,142259,5175],{"class":80},[44,142261,362],{"class":58},[44,142263,142216],{"class":62},[44,142265,362],{"class":58},[44,142267,2646],{"class":80},[44,142269,59],{"class":58},[44,142271,142219],{"class":62},[44,142273,362],{"class":58},[44,142275,69226],{"class":80},[44,142277,142278,142280,142282,142284,142287,142289],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,142279,553],{"class":94},[44,142281,98],{"class":80},[44,142283,362],{"class":58},[44,142285,142286],{"class":62},"This looks like a web URL.",[44,142288,362],{"class":58},[44,142290,104],{"class":80},[30,142292,1238],{"id":1237},[20,142294,22762,142295,81],{},[15,142296,127368],{},[267,142298,138431],{"id":142299},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142301,142302,123468],{},[15,142303,127368],{},[35,142305,142307],{"className":37,"code":142306,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142308,142309,142321],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142310,142311,142313,142315,142317,142319],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142312,51],{"class":50},[44,142314,55],{"class":54},[44,142316,59],{"class":58},[44,142318,6959],{"class":62},[44,142320,66],{"class":58},[44,142322,142323,142325,142327,142329,142331,142333,142335,142337,142339,142341,142343],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,142324,95],{"class":94},[44,142326,98],{"class":80},[44,142328,194],{"class":84},[44,142330,81],{"class":80},[44,142332,141067],{"class":84},[44,142334,98],{"class":80},[44,142336,362],{"class":58},[44,142338,39],{"class":62},[44,142340,362],{"class":58},[44,142342,5025],{"class":80},[44,142344,4435],{"class":3324},[20,142346,38928],{},[35,142348,142350],{"className":37,"code":142349,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142351,142352],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142353,142354,142356,142358,142360,142362,142364,142366,142368,142370,142372,142374,142376,142378],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142355,95],{"class":94},[44,142357,98],{"class":80},[44,142359,194],{"class":84},[44,142361,81],{"class":80},[44,142363,8300],{"class":84},[44,142365,8297],{"class":80},[44,142367,141067],{"class":84},[44,142369,98],{"class":80},[44,142371,362],{"class":58},[44,142373,39],{"class":62},[44,142375,362],{"class":58},[44,142377,5025],{"class":80},[44,142379,3325],{"class":3324},[267,142381,29318,142383,136914],{"id":142382},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142384,127368],{},[20,142386,142387],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[35,142389,142391],{"className":37,"code":142390,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142392,142393,142401,142405,142410],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142394,142395,142397,142399],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142396,2099],{"class":50},[44,142398,55],{"class":54},[44,142400,124688],{"class":1675},[44,142402,142403],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,142404,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,142406,142407],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,142408,142409],{"class":3324},"# This will cause an error:\n",[44,142411,142412],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,142413,142414],{"class":3324},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142416,38928],{},[35,142418,142420],{"className":37,"code":142419,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142421,142422,142436],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142423,142424,142426,142428,142430,142432,142434],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142425,2099],{"class":50},[44,142427,55],{"class":54},[44,142429,48566],{"class":1461},[44,142431,98],{"class":80},[44,142433,49908],{"class":1675},[44,142435,104],{"class":80},[44,142437,142438,142440,142442,142444,142446,142448,142450,142452,142454,142456,142458],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,142439,95],{"class":94},[44,142441,98],{"class":80},[44,142443,2126],{"class":84},[44,142445,81],{"class":80},[44,142447,141067],{"class":84},[44,142449,98],{"class":80},[44,142451,362],{"class":58},[44,142453,2643],{"class":62},[44,142455,362],{"class":58},[44,142457,5025],{"class":80},[44,142459,3325],{"class":3324},[267,142461,36869,142463,8363,142465],{"id":142462},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142464,127368],{},[15,142466,3544],{},[20,142468,142469,142471],{},[15,142470,127368],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142473,142474,142475,142477,142478,81],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142476,3544],{}," or methods like ",[243,142479,142480],{"href":124018},[15,142481,124003],{},[35,142483,142485],{"className":37,"code":142484,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142486,142487,142499,142503,142527],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142488,142489,142491,142493,142495,142497],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142490,51],{"class":50},[44,142492,55],{"class":54},[44,142494,59],{"class":58},[44,142496,60069],{"class":62},[44,142498,66],{"class":58},[44,142500,142501],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,142502,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,142504,142505,142507,142509,142511,142513,142515,142517,142519,142521,142523,142525],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,142506,95],{"class":94},[44,142508,98],{"class":80},[44,142510,194],{"class":84},[44,142512,81],{"class":80},[44,142514,141067],{"class":84},[44,142516,98],{"class":80},[44,142518,362],{"class":58},[44,142520,60254],{"class":62},[44,142522,362],{"class":58},[44,142524,5025],{"class":80},[44,142526,4435],{"class":3324},[44,142528,142529,142531,142533,142535,142537,142539,142541,142543,142545],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,142530,95],{"class":94},[44,142532,98],{"class":80},[44,142534,362],{"class":58},[44,142536,60254],{"class":62},[44,142538,362],{"class":58},[44,142540,20841],{"class":524},[44,142542,77],{"class":84},[44,142544,3321],{"class":80},[44,142546,142547],{"class":3324},"           # True\n",[20,142549,135468,142550,81],{},[243,142551,127036],{"href":123265},[267,142553,1262,142555,4057,142557,142559],{"id":142554},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142556,35737],{},[15,142558,52322],{}," use index positions",[20,142561,142562,142563,81],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142564,1772],{},[35,142566,142568],{"className":37,"code":142567,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142569,142570,142583,142587],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142571,142572,142574,142576,142578,142581],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142573,51],{"class":50},[44,142575,55],{"class":54},[44,142577,59],{"class":58},[44,142579,142580],{"class":62},"abcdef",[44,142582,66],{"class":58},[44,142584,142585],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,142586,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,142588,142589,142591,142593,142595,142597,142599,142601,142603,142606,142608,142610,142612,142614],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,142590,95],{"class":94},[44,142592,98],{"class":80},[44,142594,194],{"class":84},[44,142596,81],{"class":80},[44,142598,141067],{"class":84},[44,142600,98],{"class":80},[44,142602,362],{"class":58},[44,142604,142605],{"class":62},"cd",[44,142607,362],{"class":58},[44,142609,2646],{"class":80},[44,142611,2649],{"class":1675},[44,142613,5025],{"class":80},[44,142615,3325],{"class":3324},[267,142617,142619],{"id":142618},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142621,142622],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142624,16308],{},[35,142626,142628],{"className":37,"code":142627,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142629,142630],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142631,142632],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142633,142627],{"class":3324},[20,142635,16320],{},[35,142637,142639],{"className":37,"code":142638,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142640,142641,142653],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142642,142643,142645,142647,142649,142651],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142644,51],{"class":50},[44,142646,55],{"class":54},[44,142648,59],{"class":58},[44,142650,6959],{"class":62},[44,142652,66],{"class":58},[44,142654,142655,142657,142659,142661,142663,142665,142667,142669,142671,142673,142675,142677,142680,142682,142684],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,142656,95],{"class":94},[44,142658,98],{"class":80},[44,142660,194],{"class":84},[44,142662,81],{"class":80},[44,142664,141067],{"class":84},[44,142666,5175],{"class":80},[44,142668,362],{"class":58},[44,142670,141178],{"class":62},[44,142672,362],{"class":58},[44,142674,2646],{"class":80},[44,142676,59],{"class":58},[44,142678,142679],{"class":62},"Ja",[44,142681,362],{"class":58},[44,142683,50753],{"class":80},[44,142685,3325],{"class":3324},[20,142687,31750],{},[35,142689,142691],{"className":37,"code":142690,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142692,142693,142703,142717,142739,142765],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142694,142695,142697,142699,142701],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142696,95],{"class":94},[44,142698,98],{"class":80},[44,142700,194],{"class":84},[44,142702,104],{"class":80},[44,142704,142705,142707,142709,142711,142713,142715],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,142706,95],{"class":94},[44,142708,98],{"class":80},[44,142710,2880],{"class":1461},[44,142712,98],{"class":80},[44,142714,194],{"class":84},[44,142716,370],{"class":80},[44,142718,142719,142721,142723,142725,142727,142729,142731,142733,142735,142737],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,142720,95],{"class":94},[44,142722,98],{"class":80},[44,142724,194],{"class":84},[44,142726,81],{"class":80},[44,142728,141067],{"class":84},[44,142730,98],{"class":80},[44,142732,362],{"class":58},[44,142734,141178],{"class":62},[44,142736,362],{"class":58},[44,142738,370],{"class":80},[44,142740,142741,142743,142745,142747,142749,142751,142753,142755,142757,142759,142761,142763],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,142742,95],{"class":94},[44,142744,98],{"class":80},[44,142746,194],{"class":84},[44,142748,81],{"class":80},[44,142750,8300],{"class":84},[44,142752,8297],{"class":80},[44,142754,141067],{"class":84},[44,142756,98],{"class":80},[44,142758,362],{"class":58},[44,142760,128445],{"class":62},[44,142762,362],{"class":58},[44,142764,370],{"class":80},[44,142766,142767,142769,142771,142773,142775,142777,142779,142781,142783,142785,142787,142789,142791,142793],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,142768,95],{"class":94},[44,142770,98],{"class":80},[44,142772,194],{"class":84},[44,142774,81],{"class":80},[44,142776,141067],{"class":84},[44,142778,5175],{"class":80},[44,142780,362],{"class":58},[44,142782,141178],{"class":62},[44,142784,362],{"class":58},[44,142786,2646],{"class":80},[44,142788,59],{"class":58},[44,142790,142679],{"class":62},[44,142792,362],{"class":58},[44,142794,2567],{"class":80},[30,142796,1478],{"id":1477},[267,142798,1482,142800,127846],{"id":142799},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,142801,127368],{},[20,142803,142804,142805,2532,142807,81],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,142806,3263],{},[15,142808,3335],{},[267,142810,4832,142812,142814],{"id":142811},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,142813,127368],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,142816,142817],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[35,142819,142821],{"className":37,"code":142820,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,142822,142823],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142824,142825,142827,142829,142831,142833,142835,142837,142839,142841,142843,142845,142847],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142826,194],{"class":50},[44,142828,81],{"class":80},[44,142830,141067],{"class":84},[44,142832,5175],{"class":80},[44,142834,362],{"class":58},[44,142836,243],{"class":62},[44,142838,362],{"class":58},[44,142840,2646],{"class":80},[44,142842,59],{"class":58},[44,142844,842],{"class":62},[44,142846,362],{"class":58},[44,142848,370],{"class":80},[267,142850,14566,142852,124342],{"id":142851},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,142853,127368],{},[20,142855,129528],{},[267,142857,4842,142859,4057,142861,1520],{"id":142858},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,142860,127368],{},[15,142862,3544],{},[20,142864,142865,142867,142868,142870],{},[15,142866,127368],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,142869,3544],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[267,142872,27996,142874,4057,142876,8363,142878,1520],{"id":142873},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,142875,35737],{},[15,142877,52322],{},[15,142879,127368],{},[20,142881,142882],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[30,142884,1545],{"id":1544},[139,142886,142887,142893,142899,142905,142909],{},[142,142888,142889],{},[243,142890,1552,142891,1555],{"href":129592},[15,142892,126061],{},[142,142894,142895],{},[243,142896,1552,142897,1555],{"href":124018},[15,142898,124003],{},[142,142900,142901],{},[243,142902,1552,142903,1555],{"href":1231},[15,142904,1234],{},[142,142906,142907],{},[243,142908,124405],{"href":123265},[142,142910,142911],{},[243,142912,246],{"href":245},[1577,142914,142915],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":142917},[142918,142920,142921,142927,142928,142930,142931,142932,142934,142944,142956],{"id":141113,"depth":69,"text":142919},"What startswith() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":141392,"depth":69,"text":141393,"children":142922},[142923,142924,142925,142926],{"id":141230,"depth":91,"text":141230},{"id":35737,"depth":91,"text":35737},{"id":52322,"depth":91,"text":52322},{"id":141559,"depth":91,"text":141560},{"id":17083,"depth":69,"text":17084},{"id":141737,"depth":69,"text":142929},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":141891,"depth":69,"text":141892},{"id":123656,"depth":69,"text":123657},{"id":142193,"depth":69,"text":142933},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238,"children":142935},[142936,142937,142939,142941,142943],{"id":142299,"depth":91,"text":138431},{"id":142382,"depth":91,"text":142938},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142462,"depth":91,"text":142940},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142554,"depth":91,"text":142942},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142618,"depth":91,"text":142619},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":142945},[142946,142948,142950,142952,142954],{"id":142799,"depth":91,"text":142947},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142811,"depth":91,"text":142949},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":142851,"depth":91,"text":142951},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":142858,"depth":91,"text":142953},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":142873,"depth":91,"text":142955},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141013,"description":142957},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":4,"title":5,"body":142964,"description":1610,"extension":1611,"meta":144254,"navigation":184,"path":1613,"seo":144255,"stem":1615,"__hash__":1616},{"type":7,"value":142965,"toc":144232},[142966,142970,142974,142976,142978,143018,143020,143028,143032,143036,143040,143042,143056,143058,143102,143104,143116,143122,143126,143128,143130,143140,143144,143146,143176,143178,143186,143190,143192,143230,143232,143240,143242,143252,143256,143260,143262,143274,143276,143320,143322,143330,143332,143388,143390,143398,143402,143404,143454,143456,143478,143484,143488,143490,143494,143496,143504,143506,143544,143546,143554,143556,143594,143596,143604,143606,143620,143622,143628,143636,143638,143652,143654,143728,143730,143758,143760,143762,143764,143784,143786,143824,143826,143834,143842,143848,143854,143858,143862,143864,143876,143878,143924,143926,143934,143942,143944,143946,143964,143966,144044,144046,144080,144082,144156,144160,144162,144166,144170,144174,144176,144180,144182,144188,144194,144196,144202,144204,144230],[10,142967,13,142968,18],{"id":12},[15,142969,17],{},[20,142971,22,142972,25],{},[15,142973,17],{},[20,142975,28],{},[30,142977,33],{"id":32},[35,142979,142980],{"className":37,"code":38,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,142981,142982,142994,143008],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142983,142984,142986,142988,142990,142992],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142985,51],{"class":50},[44,142987,55],{"class":54},[44,142989,59],{"class":58},[44,142991,63],{"class":62},[44,142993,66],{"class":58},[44,142995,142996,142998,143000,143002,143004,143006],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,142997,72],{"class":50},[44,142999,55],{"class":54},[44,143001,77],{"class":50},[44,143003,81],{"class":80},[44,143005,85],{"class":84},[44,143007,88],{"class":80},[44,143009,143010,143012,143014,143016],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,143011,95],{"class":94},[44,143013,98],{"class":80},[44,143015,101],{"class":84},[44,143017,104],{"class":80},[20,143019,107],{},[35,143021,143022],{"className":37,"code":110,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143023,143024],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143025,143026],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143027,110],{"class":50},[20,143029,119,143030,122],{},[15,143031,17],{},[30,143033,126,143034,129],{"id":125},[15,143035,17],{},[20,143037,143038,134],{},[15,143039,17],{},[20,143041,137],{},[139,143043,143044,143048,143050,143052,143054],{},[142,143045,143046,146],{},[15,143047,17],{},[142,143049,149],{},[142,143051,152],{},[142,143053,155],{},[142,143055,158],{},[20,143057,161],{},[35,143059,143060],{"className":37,"code":164,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143061,143062,143074,143078,143092],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143063,143064,143066,143068,143070,143072],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143065,51],{"class":50},[44,143067,55],{"class":54},[44,143069,59],{"class":58},[44,143071,177],{"class":62},[44,143073,66],{"class":58},[44,143075,143076],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,143077,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,143079,143080,143082,143084,143086,143088,143090],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,143081,95],{"class":94},[44,143083,98],{"class":80},[44,143085,194],{"class":84},[44,143087,81],{"class":80},[44,143089,85],{"class":84},[44,143091,201],{"class":80},[44,143093,143094,143096,143098,143100],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,143095,95],{"class":94},[44,143097,98],{"class":80},[44,143099,194],{"class":84},[44,143101,104],{"class":80},[20,143103,107],{},[35,143105,143106],{"className":37,"code":217,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143107,143108,143112],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143109,143110],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143111,224],{"class":50},[44,143113,143114],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,143115,229],{"class":50},[20,143117,232,143118,235,143120,238],{},[15,143119,17],{},[15,143121,194],{},[20,143123,241,143124,81],{},[243,143125,246],{"href":245},[30,143127,250],{"id":249},[20,143129,253],{},[139,143131,143132,143136],{},[142,143133,143134],{},[15,143135,260],{},[142,143137,143138],{},[15,143139,265],{},[267,143141,143142],{"id":269},[15,143143,260],{},[20,143145,274],{},[35,143147,143148],{"className":37,"code":277,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143149,143150,143162],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143151,143152,143154,143156,143158,143160],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143153,284],{"class":50},[44,143155,55],{"class":54},[44,143157,59],{"class":58},[44,143159,291],{"class":62},[44,143161,66],{"class":58},[44,143163,143164,143166,143168,143170,143172,143174],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,143165,95],{"class":94},[44,143167,98],{"class":80},[44,143169,302],{"class":84},[44,143171,81],{"class":80},[44,143173,85],{"class":84},[44,143175,201],{"class":80},[20,143177,107],{},[35,143179,143180],{"className":37,"code":313,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143181,143182],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143183,143184],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143185,313],{"class":50},[267,143187,143188],{"id":322},[15,143189,265],{},[20,143191,327],{},[35,143193,143194],{"className":37,"code":330,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143195,143196,143208],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143197,143198,143200,143202,143204,143206],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143199,51],{"class":50},[44,143201,55],{"class":54},[44,143203,59],{"class":58},[44,143205,343],{"class":62},[44,143207,66],{"class":58},[44,143209,143210,143212,143214,143216,143218,143220,143222,143224,143226,143228],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,143211,95],{"class":94},[44,143213,98],{"class":80},[44,143215,194],{"class":84},[44,143217,81],{"class":80},[44,143219,85],{"class":84},[44,143221,98],{"class":80},[44,143223,362],{"class":58},[44,143225,365],{"class":62},[44,143227,362],{"class":58},[44,143229,370],{"class":80},[20,143231,107],{},[35,143233,143234],{"className":37,"code":110,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143235,143236],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143237,143238],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143239,110],{"class":50},[20,143241,383],{},[139,143243,143244,143248],{},[142,143245,143246,391],{},[15,143247,390],{},[142,143249,394,143250,397],{},[15,143251,390],{},[30,143253,401,143254],{"id":400},[15,143255,17],{},[20,143257,406,143258,81],{},[15,143259,17],{},[20,143261,411],{},[139,143263,143264,143268,143270,143272],{},[142,143265,416,143266,420],{},[15,143267,419],{},[142,143269,423],{},[142,143271,426],{},[142,143273,429],{},[20,143275,432],{},[35,143277,143278],{"className":37,"code":435,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143279,143280,143292,143306,143310],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143281,143282,143284,143286,143288,143290],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143283,442],{"class":50},[44,143285,55],{"class":54},[44,143287,59],{"class":58},[44,143289,449],{"class":62},[44,143291,66],{"class":58},[44,143293,143294,143296,143298,143300,143302,143304],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,143295,456],{"class":50},[44,143297,55],{"class":54},[44,143299,461],{"class":50},[44,143301,81],{"class":80},[44,143303,85],{"class":84},[44,143305,88],{"class":80},[44,143307,143308],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,143309,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,143311,143312,143314,143316,143318],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,143313,95],{"class":94},[44,143315,98],{"class":80},[44,143317,480],{"class":84},[44,143319,104],{"class":80},[20,143321,107],{},[35,143323,143324],{"className":37,"code":487,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143325,143326],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143327,143328],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143329,487],{"class":50},[20,143331,496],{},[35,143333,143334],{"className":37,"code":499,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143335,143336,143348,143352,143374],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143337,143338,143340,143342,143344,143346],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143339,506],{"class":50},[44,143341,55],{"class":54},[44,143343,59],{"class":58},[44,143345,513],{"class":62},[44,143347,66],{"class":58},[44,143349,143350],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,143351,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,143353,143354,143356,143358,143360,143362,143364,143366,143368,143370,143372],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,143355,525],{"class":524},[44,143357,528],{"class":50},[44,143359,81],{"class":80},[44,143361,85],{"class":84},[44,143363,535],{"class":80},[44,143365,538],{"class":54},[44,143367,59],{"class":58},[44,143369,543],{"class":62},[44,143371,362],{"class":58},[44,143373,548],{"class":80},[44,143375,143376,143378,143380,143382,143384,143386],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,143377,553],{"class":94},[44,143379,98],{"class":80},[44,143381,362],{"class":58},[44,143383,560],{"class":62},[44,143385,362],{"class":58},[44,143387,104],{"class":80},[20,143389,107],{},[35,143391,143392],{"className":37,"code":569,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143393,143394],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143395,143396],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143397,569],{"class":50},[20,143399,578,143400,81],{},[243,143401,582],{"href":581},[20,143403,585],{},[35,143405,143406],{"className":37,"code":588,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143407,143408,143422,143436],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143409,143410,143412,143414,143416,143418,143420],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143411,595],{"class":50},[44,143413,55],{"class":54},[44,143415,59],{"class":58},[44,143417,602],{"class":62},[44,143419,606],{"class":605},[44,143421,66],{"class":58},[44,143423,143424,143426,143428,143430,143432,143434],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,143425,95],{"class":94},[44,143427,98],{"class":80},[44,143429,617],{"class":94},[44,143431,98],{"class":80},[44,143433,46],{"class":84},[44,143435,370],{"class":80},[44,143437,143438,143440,143442,143444,143446,143448,143450,143452],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,143439,95],{"class":94},[44,143441,98],{"class":80},[44,143443,617],{"class":94},[44,143445,98],{"class":80},[44,143447,46],{"class":84},[44,143449,81],{"class":80},[44,143451,85],{"class":84},[44,143453,642],{"class":80},[20,143455,107],{},[35,143457,143458],{"className":37,"code":647,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143459,143460,143470],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143461,143462,143464,143466,143468],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143463,655],{"class":654},[44,143465,602],{"class":658},[44,143467,606],{"class":661},[44,143469,664],{"class":654},[44,143471,143472,143474,143476],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,143473,655],{"class":654},[44,143475,602],{"class":658},[44,143477,664],{"class":654},[20,143479,675,143480,679,143482,81],{},[15,143481,678],{},[15,143483,606],{},[20,143485,684,143486,81],{},[243,143487,688],{"href":687},[30,143489,692],{"id":691},[20,143491,695,143492,81],{},[15,143493,698],{},[20,143495,701],{},[139,143497,143498,143500,143502],{},[142,143499,706],{},[142,143501,709],{},[142,143503,712],{},[20,143505,161],{},[35,143507,143508],{"className":37,"code":717,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143509,143510,143522],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143511,143512,143514,143516,143518,143520],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143513,51],{"class":50},[44,143515,55],{"class":54},[44,143517,59],{"class":58},[44,143519,730],{"class":62},[44,143521,66],{"class":58},[44,143523,143524,143526,143528,143530,143532,143534,143536,143538,143540,143542],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,143525,95],{"class":94},[44,143527,98],{"class":80},[44,143529,194],{"class":84},[44,143531,81],{"class":80},[44,143533,85],{"class":84},[44,143535,98],{"class":80},[44,143537,362],{"class":58},[44,143539,365],{"class":62},[44,143541,362],{"class":58},[44,143543,370],{"class":80},[20,143545,107],{},[35,143547,143548],{"className":37,"code":110,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143549,143550],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143551,143552],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143553,110],{"class":50},[20,143555,767],{},[35,143557,143558],{"className":37,"code":770,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143559,143560,143572],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143561,143562,143564,143566,143568,143570],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143563,51],{"class":50},[44,143565,55],{"class":54},[44,143567,59],{"class":58},[44,143569,783],{"class":62},[44,143571,66],{"class":58},[44,143573,143574,143576,143578,143580,143582,143584,143586,143588,143590,143592],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,143575,95],{"class":94},[44,143577,98],{"class":80},[44,143579,194],{"class":84},[44,143581,81],{"class":80},[44,143583,85],{"class":84},[44,143585,98],{"class":80},[44,143587,362],{"class":58},[44,143589,804],{"class":62},[44,143591,362],{"class":58},[44,143593,370],{"class":80},[20,143595,107],{},[35,143597,143598],{"className":37,"code":813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143599,143600],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143601,143602],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143603,813],{"class":50},[20,143605,822],{},[20,143607,143608,828,143610,833,143612,836,143614,839,143616,843,143618,847],{},[15,143609,827],{},[830,143611,832],{},[15,143613,804],{},[15,143615,243],{},[15,143617,842],{},[15,143619,846],{},[20,143621,850],{},[20,143623,853,143624,860],{},[243,143625,143626],{"href":856},[15,143627,859],{},[30,143629,143630,866,143632,866,143634],{"id":863},[15,143631,17],{},[15,143633,869],{},[15,143635,872],{},[20,143637,875],{},[139,143639,143640,143644,143648],{},[142,143641,143642,882],{},[15,143643,17],{},[142,143645,143646,887],{},[15,143647,869],{},[142,143649,143650,892],{},[15,143651,872],{},[20,143653,161],{},[35,143655,143656],{"className":37,"code":897,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143657,143658,143670,143674,143692,143710],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143659,143660,143662,143664,143666,143668],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143661,51],{"class":50},[44,143663,55],{"class":54},[44,143665,59],{"class":58},[44,143667,63],{"class":62},[44,143669,66],{"class":58},[44,143671,143672],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,143673,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,143675,143676,143678,143680,143682,143684,143686,143688,143690],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,143677,95],{"class":94},[44,143679,98],{"class":80},[44,143681,617],{"class":94},[44,143683,98],{"class":80},[44,143685,194],{"class":84},[44,143687,81],{"class":80},[44,143689,85],{"class":84},[44,143691,642],{"class":80},[44,143693,143694,143696,143698,143700,143702,143704,143706,143708],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,143695,95],{"class":94},[44,143697,98],{"class":80},[44,143699,617],{"class":94},[44,143701,98],{"class":80},[44,143703,194],{"class":84},[44,143705,81],{"class":80},[44,143707,950],{"class":84},[44,143709,642],{"class":80},[44,143711,143712,143714,143716,143718,143720,143722,143724,143726],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,143713,95],{"class":94},[44,143715,98],{"class":80},[44,143717,617],{"class":94},[44,143719,98],{"class":80},[44,143721,194],{"class":84},[44,143723,81],{"class":80},[44,143725,970],{"class":84},[44,143727,642],{"class":80},[20,143729,107],{},[35,143731,143732],{"className":37,"code":977,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143733,143734,143742,143750],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143735,143736,143738,143740],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143737,655],{"class":654},[44,143739,986],{"class":658},[44,143741,664],{"class":654},[44,143743,143744,143746,143748],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,143745,655],{"class":654},[44,143747,995],{"class":658},[44,143749,664],{"class":654},[44,143751,143752,143754,143756],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,143753,655],{"class":654},[44,143755,1004],{"class":658},[44,143757,664],{"class":654},[20,143759,1009],{},[30,143761,1013],{"id":1012},[20,143763,1016],{},[139,143765,143766,143772,143780,143782],{},[142,143767,143768,1023,143770,1027],{},[15,143769,827],{},[15,143771,1026],{},[142,143773,1030,143774,839,143776,843,143778,1037],{},[15,143775,243],{},[15,143777,842],{},[15,143779,846],{},[142,143781,1040],{},[142,143783,1043],{},[20,143785,161],{},[35,143787,143788],{"className":37,"code":1048,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143789,143790,143802],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143791,143792,143794,143796,143798,143800],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143793,1055],{"class":50},[44,143795,55],{"class":54},[44,143797,59],{"class":58},[44,143799,1062],{"class":62},[44,143801,66],{"class":58},[44,143803,143804,143806,143808,143810,143812,143814,143816,143818,143820,143822],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,143805,95],{"class":94},[44,143807,98],{"class":80},[44,143809,1073],{"class":84},[44,143811,81],{"class":80},[44,143813,85],{"class":84},[44,143815,98],{"class":80},[44,143817,362],{"class":58},[44,143819,1084],{"class":62},[44,143821,362],{"class":58},[44,143823,370],{"class":80},[20,143825,107],{},[35,143827,143828],{"className":37,"code":1093,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143829,143830],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143831,143832],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143833,1093],{"class":50},[20,143835,1102,143836,839,143838,843,143840,1111],{},[15,143837,81],{},[15,143839,1107],{},[15,143841,1110],{},[20,143843,1114,143844,1118,143846,1121],{},[15,143845,1117],{},[830,143847,832],{},[20,143849,1124,143850,1129],{},[243,143851,143852],{"href":856},[15,143853,859],{},[30,143855,1133,143856],{"id":1132},[15,143857,17],{},[20,143859,119,143860,1140],{},[15,143861,17],{},[20,143863,1143],{},[139,143865,143866,143870,143872,143874],{},[142,143867,416,143868,420],{},[15,143869,419],{},[142,143871,423],{},[142,143873,1154],{},[142,143875,1157],{},[20,143877,161],{},[35,143879,143880],{"className":37,"code":1162,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143881,143882,143894,143898,143910],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143883,143884,143886,143888,143890,143892],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143885,1169],{"class":50},[44,143887,55],{"class":54},[44,143889,59],{"class":58},[44,143891,1176],{"class":62},[44,143893,66],{"class":58},[44,143895,143896],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,143897,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,143899,143900,143902,143904,143906,143908],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,143901,525],{"class":524},[44,143903,1189],{"class":50},[44,143905,81],{"class":80},[44,143907,85],{"class":84},[44,143909,1196],{"class":80},[44,143911,143912,143914,143916,143918,143920,143922],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,143913,553],{"class":94},[44,143915,98],{"class":80},[44,143917,362],{"class":58},[44,143919,1207],{"class":62},[44,143921,362],{"class":58},[44,143923,104],{"class":80},[20,143925,107],{},[35,143927,143928],{"className":37,"code":1216,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143929,143930],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143931,143932],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143933,1216],{"class":50},[20,143935,1225,143936,1228,143938,81],{},[15,143937,17],{},[243,143939,143940],{"href":1231},[15,143941,1234],{},[30,143943,1238],{"id":1237},[20,143945,1241],{},[139,143947,143948,143952,143956,143960],{},[142,143949,1246,143950,1249],{},[15,143951,17],{},[142,143953,1246,143954,1254],{},[15,143955,17],{},[142,143957,675,143958,1259],{},[15,143959,1117],{},[142,143961,1262,143962,1266],{},[15,143963,1265],{},[20,143965,1269],{},[35,143967,143968],{"className":37,"code":1272,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143969,143970,143984,143988,143998,144012,144026],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143971,143972,143974,143976,143978,143980,143982],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143973,51],{"class":50},[44,143975,55],{"class":54},[44,143977,59],{"class":58},[44,143979,1004],{"class":62},[44,143981,606],{"class":605},[44,143983,66],{"class":58},[44,143985,143986],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,143987,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,143989,143990,143992,143994,143996],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,143991,95],{"class":94},[44,143993,98],{"class":80},[44,143995,194],{"class":84},[44,143997,104],{"class":80},[44,143999,144000,144002,144004,144006,144008,144010],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,144001,95],{"class":94},[44,144003,98],{"class":80},[44,144005,617],{"class":94},[44,144007,98],{"class":80},[44,144009,194],{"class":84},[44,144011,370],{"class":80},[44,144013,144014,144016,144018,144020,144022,144024],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,144015,95],{"class":94},[44,144017,98],{"class":80},[44,144019,194],{"class":84},[44,144021,81],{"class":80},[44,144023,85],{"class":84},[44,144025,201],{"class":80},[44,144027,144028,144030,144032,144034,144036,144038,144040,144042],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,144029,95],{"class":94},[44,144031,98],{"class":80},[44,144033,617],{"class":94},[44,144035,98],{"class":80},[44,144037,194],{"class":84},[44,144039,81],{"class":80},[44,144041,85],{"class":84},[44,144043,642],{"class":80},[20,144045,107],{},[35,144047,144048],{"className":37,"code":1354,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,144049,144050,144054,144058,144068,144072],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144051,144052],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144053,1361],{"class":50},[44,144055,144056],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,144057,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,144059,144060,144062,144064,144066],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,144061,655],{"class":654},[44,144063,1004],{"class":658},[44,144065,606],{"class":661},[44,144067,664],{"class":654},[44,144069,144070],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,144071,110],{"class":50},[44,144073,144074,144076,144078],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,144075,655],{"class":654},[44,144077,986],{"class":658},[44,144079,664],{"class":654},[20,144081,1390],{},[35,144083,144084],{"className":37,"code":1393,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,144085,144086,144096,144110,144124,144142],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144087,144088,144090,144092,144094],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144089,95],{"class":94},[44,144091,98],{"class":80},[44,144093,194],{"class":84},[44,144095,104],{"class":80},[44,144097,144098,144100,144102,144104,144106,144108],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,144099,95],{"class":94},[44,144101,98],{"class":80},[44,144103,617],{"class":94},[44,144105,98],{"class":80},[44,144107,194],{"class":84},[44,144109,370],{"class":80},[44,144111,144112,144114,144116,144118,144120,144122],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,144113,95],{"class":94},[44,144115,98],{"class":80},[44,144117,194],{"class":84},[44,144119,81],{"class":80},[44,144121,85],{"class":84},[44,144123,201],{"class":80},[44,144125,144126,144128,144130,144132,144134,144136,144138,144140],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,144127,95],{"class":94},[44,144129,98],{"class":80},[44,144131,617],{"class":94},[44,144133,98],{"class":80},[44,144135,194],{"class":84},[44,144137,81],{"class":80},[44,144139,85],{"class":84},[44,144141,642],{"class":80},[44,144143,144144,144146,144148,144150,144152,144154],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,144145,1456],{"class":94},[44,144147,98],{"class":80},[44,144149,1462],{"class":1461},[44,144151,81],{"class":80},[44,144153,85],{"class":1467},[44,144155,104],{"class":80},[20,144157,144158,1474],{},[15,144159,678],{},[30,144161,1478],{"id":1477},[267,144163,1482,144164,1485],{"id":1481},[15,144165,17],{},[20,144167,1488,144168,1491],{},[15,144169,17],{},[267,144171,1482,144172,1497],{"id":1494},[15,144173,17],{},[20,144175,1500],{},[267,144177,1504,144178,1507],{"id":1503},[15,144179,17],{},[20,144181,1510],{},[267,144183,1514,144184,1517,144186,1520],{"id":1513},[15,144185,17],{},[15,144187,859],{},[20,144189,144190,1525,144192,1528],{},[15,144191,17],{},[15,144193,859],{},[267,144195,1532],{"id":1531},[20,144197,1535,144198,1538,144200,1541],{},[15,144199,869],{},[15,144201,872],{},[30,144203,1545],{"id":1544},[139,144205,144206,144212,144218,144222,144226],{},[142,144207,144208],{},[243,144209,1552,144210,1555],{"href":1231},[15,144211,1234],{},[142,144213,144214],{},[243,144215,1552,144216,1555],{"href":856},[15,144217,859],{},[142,144219,144220],{},[243,144221,1566],{"href":581},[142,144223,144224],{},[243,144225,1571],{"href":687},[142,144227,144228],{},[243,144229,246],{"href":245},[1577,144231,1579],{},{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":144233},[144234,144235,144236,144240,144241,144242,144243,144244,144245,144246,144253],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":125,"depth":69,"text":1584},{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250,"children":144237},[144238,144239],{"id":269,"depth":91,"text":260},{"id":322,"depth":91,"text":265},{"id":400,"depth":69,"text":1590},{"id":691,"depth":69,"text":692},{"id":863,"depth":69,"text":1593},{"id":1012,"depth":69,"text":1013},{"id":1132,"depth":69,"text":1596},{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":144247},[144248,144249,144250,144251,144252],{"id":1481,"depth":91,"text":1601},{"id":1494,"depth":91,"text":1603},{"id":1503,"depth":91,"text":1605},{"id":1513,"depth":91,"text":1607},{"id":1531,"depth":91,"text":1532},{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},{},{"title":5,"description":1610},{"id":144257,"title":144258,"body":144259,"description":145439,"extension":1611,"meta":145440,"navigation":184,"path":145441,"seo":145442,"stem":145443,"__hash__":145444},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144260,"toc":145409},[144261,144266,144271,144276,144278,144324,144332,144337,144351,144357,144359,144361,144376,144378,144388,144391,144422,144425,144448,144450,144453,144510,144512,144526,144528,144542,144548,144553,144556,144597,144599,144608,144616,144619,144664,144666,144675,144678,144682,144687,144701,144703,144735,144737,144757,144760,144765,144770,144772,144783,144786,144843,144845,144853,144862,144864,144866,144872,144874,144911,144913,144921,144923,144964,144966,144975,144980,144985,144987,145014,145021,145024,145055,145057,145066,145072,145081,145112,145114,145126,145139,145143,145148,145178,145180,145247,145249,145259,145261,145266,145269,145274,145279,145283,145289,145295,145298,145300,145358,145360,145368,145370,145406],[10,144262,13,144264,18],{"id":144263},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144265,127877],{},[20,144267,123015,144268,144270],{},[15,144269,127877],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144272,84278,144273,144275],{},[15,144274,127877],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[30,144277,1653],{"id":1652},[35,144279,144281],{"className":37,"code":144280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144282,144283,144295,144309,144319],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144284,144285,144287,144289,144291,144293],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144286,51],{"class":50},[44,144288,55],{"class":54},[44,144290,59],{"class":58},[44,144292,128718],{"class":62},[44,144294,66],{"class":58},[44,144296,144297,144299,144301,144303,144305,144307],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,144298,1880],{"class":50},[44,144300,55],{"class":54},[44,144302,77],{"class":50},[44,144304,81],{"class":80},[44,144306,34142],{"class":84},[44,144308,88],{"class":80},[44,144310,144311,144313,144315,144317],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,144312,95],{"class":94},[44,144314,98],{"class":80},[44,144316,1915],{"class":84},[44,144318,104],{"class":80},[44,144320,144321],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,144322,144323],{"class":3324},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144325,144326,144328,144329,144331],{},[15,144327,127877],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[830,144330,832],{}," change the original string in place.",[30,144333,126,144335,129],{"id":144334},"what-upper-does",[15,144336,127877],{},[139,144338,144339,144344,144347,144349],{},[142,144340,144341,144343],{},[15,144342,127877],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[142,144345,144346],{},"It works on string values only",[142,144348,133244],{},[142,144350,135960],{},[20,144352,241,144353,2532,144355,81],{},[243,144354,135966],{"href":135965},[243,144356,246],{"href":245},[30,144358,250],{"id":249},[20,144360,1812],{},[35,144362,144364],{"className":37,"code":144363,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.upper()\n",[15,144365,144366],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144367,144368,144370,144372,144374],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144369,60837],{"class":50},[44,144371,81],{"class":80},[44,144373,34142],{"class":84},[44,144375,88],{"class":80},[20,144377,11119],{},[139,144379,144380,144382,144385],{},[142,144381,97187],{},[142,144383,144384],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[142,144386,144387],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144389,144390],{},"Example with a variable:",[35,144392,144394],{"className":37,"code":144393,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144395,144396,144408],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144397,144398,144400,144402,144404,144406],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144399,284],{"class":50},[44,144401,55],{"class":54},[44,144403,59],{"class":58},[44,144405,39],{"class":62},[44,144407,66],{"class":58},[44,144409,144410,144412,144414,144416,144418,144420],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,144411,95],{"class":94},[44,144413,98],{"class":80},[44,144415,302],{"class":84},[44,144417,81],{"class":80},[44,144419,34142],{"class":84},[44,144421,201],{"class":80},[20,144423,144424],{},"Example with a string literal:",[35,144426,144428],{"className":37,"code":144427,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144429,144430],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144431,144432,144434,144436,144438,144440,144442,144444,144446],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144433,95],{"class":94},[44,144435,98],{"class":80},[44,144437,362],{"class":58},[44,144439,986],{"class":62},[44,144441,362],{"class":58},[44,144443,81],{"class":80},[44,144445,34142],{"class":84},[44,144447,201],{"class":80},[30,144449,11136],{"id":11135},[20,144451,144452],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[35,144454,144456],{"className":37,"code":144455,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144457,144458,144470,144485,144489,144499],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144459,144460,144462,144464,144466,144468],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144461,5820],{"class":50},[44,144463,55],{"class":54},[44,144465,59],{"class":58},[44,144467,3750],{"class":62},[44,144469,66],{"class":58},[44,144471,144472,144475,144477,144479,144481,144483],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,144473,144474],{"class":50},"uppercase_word ",[44,144476,55],{"class":54},[44,144478,38047],{"class":50},[44,144480,81],{"class":80},[44,144482,34142],{"class":84},[44,144484,88],{"class":80},[44,144486,144487],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,144488,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,144490,144491,144493,144495,144497],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,144492,95],{"class":94},[44,144494,98],{"class":80},[44,144496,38057],{"class":84},[44,144498,104],{"class":80},[44,144500,144501,144503,144505,144508],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,144502,95],{"class":94},[44,144504,98],{"class":80},[44,144506,144507],{"class":84},"uppercase_word",[44,144509,104],{"class":80},[20,144511,107],{},[35,144513,144515],{"className":37,"code":144514,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144516,144517,144521],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144518,144519],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144520,70069],{"class":50},[44,144522,144523],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,144524,144525],{"class":605},"BANANA\n",[20,144527,112126],{},[139,144529,144530,144535],{},[142,144531,144532,144534],{},[15,144533,38057],{}," keeps its original value",[142,144536,144537,144539,144540],{},[15,144538,144507],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,144541,127877],{},[30,144543,144545,144547],{"id":144544},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,144546,127877],{}," does not change the original string",[20,144549,136624,144550,144552],{},[830,144551,136627],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,144554,144555],{},"So this method:",[35,144557,144559],{"className":37,"code":144558,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144560,144561,144573,144583,144587],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144562,144563,144565,144567,144569,144571],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144564,284],{"class":50},[44,144566,55],{"class":54},[44,144568,59],{"class":58},[44,144570,17469],{"class":62},[44,144572,66],{"class":58},[44,144574,144575,144577,144579,144581],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,144576,302],{"class":50},[44,144578,81],{"class":80},[44,144580,34142],{"class":84},[44,144582,88],{"class":80},[44,144584,144585],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,144586,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,144588,144589,144591,144593,144595],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,144590,95],{"class":94},[44,144592,98],{"class":80},[44,144594,302],{"class":84},[44,144596,104],{"class":80},[20,144598,107],{},[35,144600,144602],{"className":37,"code":144601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"alice\n",[15,144603,144604],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144605,144606],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144607,144601],{"class":50},[20,144609,20645,144610,144612,144613,144615],{},[15,144611,127877],{}," was called, ",[15,144614,302],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,144617,144618],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[35,144620,144622],{"className":37,"code":144621,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144623,144624,144636,144650,144654],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144625,144626,144628,144630,144632,144634],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144627,284],{"class":50},[44,144629,55],{"class":54},[44,144631,59],{"class":58},[44,144633,17469],{"class":62},[44,144635,66],{"class":58},[44,144637,144638,144640,144642,144644,144646,144648],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,144639,284],{"class":50},[44,144641,55],{"class":54},[44,144643,35656],{"class":50},[44,144645,81],{"class":80},[44,144647,34142],{"class":84},[44,144649,88],{"class":80},[44,144651,144652],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,144653,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,144655,144656,144658,144660,144662],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,144657,95],{"class":94},[44,144659,98],{"class":80},[44,144661,302],{"class":84},[44,144663,104],{"class":80},[20,144665,107],{},[35,144667,144669],{"className":37,"code":144668,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ALICE\n",[15,144670,144671],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144672,144673],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144674,144668],{"class":605},[20,144676,144677],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[30,144679,144681],{"id":144680},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,144683,144684,144686],{},[15,144685,127877],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[139,144688,144689,144692,144695,144698],{},[142,144690,144691],{},"Numbers stay the same",[142,144693,144694],{},"Spaces stay the same",[142,144696,144697],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[142,144699,144700],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,144702,161],{},[35,144704,144706],{"className":37,"code":144705,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,144707,144708,144721],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144709,144710,144712,144714,144716,144719],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144711,51],{"class":50},[44,144713,55],{"class":54},[44,144715,59],{"class":58},[44,144717,144718],{"class":62},"Room 7, table #3!",[44,144720,66],{"class":58},[44,144722,144723,144725,144727,144729,144731,144733],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,144724,95],{"class":94},[44,144726,98],{"class":80},[44,144728,194],{"class":84},[44,144730,81],{"class":80},[44,144732,34142],{"class":84},[44,144734,201],{"class":80},[20,144736,107],{},[35,144738,144740],{"className":37,"code":144739,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,144741,144742],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144743,144744,144747,144749,144751,144754],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144745,144746],{"class":605},"ROOM",[44,144748,5659],{"class":1675},[44,144750,2646],{"class":80},[44,144752,144753],{"class":605}," TABLE",[44,144755,144756],{"class":3324}," #3!\n",[20,144758,144759],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[30,144761,1133,144763],{"id":144762},"when-to-use-upper",[15,144764,127877],{},[20,144766,144767,144769],{},[15,144768,127877],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,144771,48002],{},[139,144773,144774,144777,144780],{},[142,144775,144776],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[142,144778,144779],{},"Format labels or headings",[142,144781,144782],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,144784,144785],{},"Example: simple comparison",[35,144787,144789],{"className":37,"code":144788,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,144790,144791,144803,144807,144829],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144792,144793,144795,144797,144799,144801],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144794,506],{"class":50},[44,144796,55],{"class":54},[44,144798,59],{"class":58},[44,144800,543],{"class":62},[44,144802,66],{"class":58},[44,144804,144805],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,144806,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,144808,144809,144811,144813,144815,144817,144819,144821,144823,144825,144827],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,144810,525],{"class":524},[44,144812,528],{"class":50},[44,144814,81],{"class":80},[44,144816,34142],{"class":84},[44,144818,535],{"class":80},[44,144820,538],{"class":54},[44,144822,59],{"class":58},[44,144824,136243],{"class":62},[44,144826,362],{"class":58},[44,144828,548],{"class":80},[44,144830,144831,144833,144835,144837,144839,144841],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,144832,553],{"class":94},[44,144834,98],{"class":80},[44,144836,362],{"class":58},[44,144838,560],{"class":62},[44,144840,362],{"class":58},[44,144842,104],{"class":80},[20,144844,107],{},[35,144846,144847],{"className":37,"code":569,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,144848,144849],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144850,144851],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144852,569],{"class":50},[20,144854,144855,144856,839,144858,843,144860,81],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,144857,543],{},[15,144859,137028],{},[15,144861,136243],{},[30,144863,1238],{"id":1237},[267,144865,95548],{"id":95547},[20,144867,7777,144868,144871],{},[15,144869,144870],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,144873,16308],{},[35,144875,144877],{"className":37,"code":144876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,144878,144879,144891,144901],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144880,144881,144883,144885,144887,144889],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144882,51],{"class":50},[44,144884,55],{"class":54},[44,144886,59],{"class":58},[44,144888,986],{"class":62},[44,144890,66],{"class":58},[44,144892,144893,144895,144897,144899],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,144894,194],{"class":50},[44,144896,81],{"class":80},[44,144898,34142],{"class":84},[44,144900,88],{"class":80},[44,144902,144903,144905,144907,144909],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,144904,95],{"class":94},[44,144906,98],{"class":80},[44,144908,194],{"class":84},[44,144910,104],{"class":80},[20,144912,107],{},[35,144914,144915],{"className":37,"code":110,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,144916,144917],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144918,144919],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144920,110],{"class":50},[20,144922,16320],{},[35,144924,144926],{"className":37,"code":144925,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,144927,144928,144940,144954],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144929,144930,144932,144934,144936,144938],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144931,51],{"class":50},[44,144933,55],{"class":54},[44,144935,59],{"class":58},[44,144937,986],{"class":62},[44,144939,66],{"class":58},[44,144941,144942,144944,144946,144948,144950,144952],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,144943,51],{"class":50},[44,144945,55],{"class":54},[44,144947,77],{"class":50},[44,144949,81],{"class":80},[44,144951,34142],{"class":84},[44,144953,88],{"class":80},[44,144955,144956,144958,144960,144962],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,144957,95],{"class":94},[44,144959,98],{"class":80},[44,144961,194],{"class":84},[44,144963,104],{"class":80},[20,144965,107],{},[35,144967,144969],{"className":37,"code":144968,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HELLO\n",[15,144970,144971],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144972,144973],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144974,144968],{"class":605},[267,144976,18574,144978,136914],{"id":144977},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,144979,127877],{},[20,144981,144982,144984],{},[15,144983,127877],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,144986,161],{},[35,144988,144990],{"className":37,"code":144989,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,144991,144992,145000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144993,144994,144996,144998],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144995,1867],{"class":50},[44,144997,55],{"class":54},[44,144999,124688],{"class":1675},[44,145001,145002,145004,145006,145008,145010,145012],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,145003,95],{"class":94},[44,145005,98],{"class":80},[44,145007,1890],{"class":84},[44,145009,81],{"class":80},[44,145011,34142],{"class":84},[44,145013,201],{"class":80},[20,145015,39320,145016,145018,145019,33267],{},[15,145017,1840],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145020,127877],{},[20,145022,145023],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[35,145025,145027],{"className":37,"code":145026,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145028,145029,145037],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145030,145031,145033,145035],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145032,1867],{"class":50},[44,145034,55],{"class":54},[44,145036,124688],{"class":1675},[44,145038,145039,145041,145043,145045,145047,145049,145051,145053],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,145040,95],{"class":94},[44,145042,98],{"class":80},[44,145044,1462],{"class":1461},[44,145046,98],{"class":80},[44,145048,1890],{"class":84},[44,145050,8292],{"class":80},[44,145052,34142],{"class":84},[44,145054,201],{"class":80},[20,145056,107],{},[35,145058,145060],{"className":37,"code":145059,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"123\n",[15,145061,145062],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145063,145064],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145065,145059],{"class":1675},[267,145067,36869,145069,145071],{"id":145068},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145070,127877],{}," with title case",[20,145073,145074,145076,145077,145080],{},[15,145075,127877],{}," makes ",[830,145078,145079],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[35,145082,145084],{"className":37,"code":145083,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145085,145086,145098],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145087,145088,145090,145092,145094,145096],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145089,51],{"class":50},[44,145091,55],{"class":54},[44,145093,59],{"class":58},[44,145095,60069],{"class":62},[44,145097,66],{"class":58},[44,145099,145100,145102,145104,145106,145108,145110],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,145101,95],{"class":94},[44,145103,98],{"class":80},[44,145105,194],{"class":84},[44,145107,81],{"class":80},[44,145109,34142],{"class":84},[44,145111,201],{"class":80},[20,145113,107],{},[35,145115,145117],{"className":37,"code":145116,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145118,145119],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145120,145121,145123],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145122,136018],{"class":605},[44,145124,145125],{"class":605}," WORLD\n",[20,145127,145128,145129,145133,145134,145138],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[243,145130,145131],{"href":1231},[15,145132,1234],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[243,145135,145136],{"href":856},[15,145137,859],{}," changes parts of a string.",[30,145140,145142],{"id":145141},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145144,145145,145146,2539],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145147,127877],{},[139,145149,145150,145157,145164,145171],{},[142,145151,145152,145156],{},[243,145153,145154],{"href":1231},[15,145155,1234],{}," for lowercase text",[142,145158,145159,145163],{},[243,145160,145161],{"href":136562},[15,145162,17],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[142,145165,145166,145170],{},[243,145167,145168],{"href":856},[15,145169,859],{}," for changing parts of a string",[142,145172,145173,4057,145175,145177],{},[15,145174,127368],{},[15,145176,126061],{}," for checks",[20,145179,161],{},[35,145181,145183],{"className":37,"code":145182,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145184,145185,145197,145201,145216,145232,145236],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145186,145187,145189,145191,145193,145195],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145188,51],{"class":50},[44,145190,55],{"class":54},[44,145192,59],{"class":58},[44,145194,177],{"class":62},[44,145196,66],{"class":58},[44,145198,145199],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,145200,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,145202,145203,145206,145208,145210,145212,145214],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,145204,145205],{"class":50},"cleaned ",[44,145207,55],{"class":54},[44,145209,77],{"class":50},[44,145211,81],{"class":80},[44,145213,85],{"class":84},[44,145215,88],{"class":80},[44,145217,145218,145221,145223,145226,145228,145230],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,145219,145220],{"class":50},"loud ",[44,145222,55],{"class":54},[44,145224,145225],{"class":50}," cleaned",[44,145227,81],{"class":80},[44,145229,34142],{"class":84},[44,145231,88],{"class":80},[44,145233,145234],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,145235,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,145237,145238,145240,145242,145245],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,145239,95],{"class":94},[44,145241,98],{"class":80},[44,145243,145244],{"class":84},"loud",[44,145246,104],{"class":80},[20,145248,107],{},[35,145250,145251],{"className":37,"code":145116,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145252,145253],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145254,145255,145257],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145256,136018],{"class":605},[44,145258,145125],{"class":605},[30,145260,1478],{"id":1477},[267,145262,1482,145264,1497],{"id":145263},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145265,127877],{},[20,145267,145268],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[267,145270,1482,145272,137296],{"id":145271},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145273,127877],{},[20,145275,145276,145277,81],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145278,144870],{},[267,145280,145282],{"id":145281},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145284,145285,145286,145288],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145287,127877],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[267,145290,27996,145292,145294],{"id":145291},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145293,127877],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145296,145297],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145299,161],{},[35,145301,145303],{"className":37,"code":145302,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145304,145305,145317,145330,145334],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145306,145307,145309,145311,145313,145315],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145308,2208],{"class":50},[44,145310,55],{"class":54},[44,145312,59],{"class":58},[44,145314,39],{"class":62},[44,145316,66],{"class":58},[44,145318,145319,145321,145323,145325,145328],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,145320,2236],{"class":50},[44,145322,55],{"class":54},[44,145324,59],{"class":58},[44,145326,145327],{"class":62},"PYTHON",[44,145329,66],{"class":58},[44,145331,145332],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,145333,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,145335,145336,145338,145340,145342,145344,145346,145348,145350,145352,145354,145356],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,145337,95],{"class":94},[44,145339,98],{"class":80},[44,145341,243],{"class":84},[44,145343,81],{"class":80},[44,145345,34142],{"class":84},[44,145347,535],{"class":80},[44,145349,538],{"class":54},[44,145351,2213],{"class":84},[44,145353,81],{"class":80},[44,145355,34142],{"class":84},[44,145357,201],{"class":80},[20,145359,107],{},[35,145361,145362],{"className":37,"code":3641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145363,145364],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145365,145366],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145367,3641],{"class":3513},[30,145369,1545],{"id":1544},[139,145371,145372,145376,145382,145388,145394,145398,145402],{},[142,145373,145374],{},[243,145375,246],{"href":245},[142,145377,145378],{},[243,145379,1552,145380,1555],{"href":1231},[15,145381,1234],{},[142,145383,145384],{},[243,145385,1552,145386,1555],{"href":136562},[15,145387,17],{},[142,145389,145390],{},[243,145391,1552,145392,1555],{"href":856},[15,145393,859],{},[142,145395,145396],{},[243,145397,90342],{"href":89351},[142,145399,145400],{},[243,145401,124405],{"href":123265},[142,145403,145404],{},[243,145405,137382],{"href":135965},[1577,145407,145408],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":145410},[145411,145412,145414,145415,145416,145418,145419,145421,145428,145429,145438],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":144334,"depth":69,"text":145413},"What upper() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":11135,"depth":69,"text":11136},{"id":144544,"depth":69,"text":145417},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":144680,"depth":69,"text":144681},{"id":144762,"depth":69,"text":145420},"When to use upper()",{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238,"children":145422},[145423,145424,145426],{"id":95547,"depth":91,"text":95548},{"id":144977,"depth":91,"text":145425},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145068,"depth":91,"text":145427},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145141,"depth":69,"text":145142},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":145430},[145431,145433,145435,145436],{"id":145263,"depth":91,"text":145432},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145271,"depth":91,"text":145434},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145281,"depth":91,"text":145282},{"id":145291,"depth":91,"text":145437},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144258,"description":145439},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145446,"title":145447,"body":145448,"description":147325,"extension":1611,"meta":147326,"navigation":184,"path":147327,"seo":147328,"stem":147329,"__hash__":147330},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145449,"toc":147275},[145450,145456,145463,145469,145471,145527,145532,145537,145542,145545,145564,145567,145569,145593,145611,145622,145624,145627,145680,145682,145690,145692,145710,145715,145718,145775,145777,145786,145789,145809,145812,145818,145823,145825,145868,145870,145878,145881,145922,145924,145933,145939,145945,145972,145974,145982,145987,145991,146003,146046,146048,146056,146061,146067,146072,146076,146078,146121,146124,146171,146173,146182,146189,146193,146196,146242,146247,146251,146253,146296,146299,146307,146309,146314,146316,146318,146337,146340,146352,146354,146373,146375,146383,146387,146389,146440,146443,146518,146520,146528,146531,146535,146537,146584,146587,146658,146660,146668,146674,146676,146751,146755,146834,146836,146844,146850,146856,146861,146866,146915,146919,146990,146993,146998,147009,147012,147023,147033,147035,147040,147065,147070,147151,147153,147178,147180,147185,147188,147194,147203,147209,147212,147218,147224,147231,147234,147236,147272],[10,145451,3234,145453,3238],{"id":145452},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145454,145455],{},"sum()",[20,145457,8782,145458,145460,145461,24431],{},[15,145459,145455],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145462,59661],{},[20,145464,145465,145466,145468],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145467,35737],{}," value and a few important limits.",[30,145470,1653],{"id":1652},[35,145472,145474],{"className":37,"code":145473,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145475,145476,145500,145515],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145477,145478,145480,145482,145484,145486,145488,145490,145492,145494,145496,145498],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145479,3276],{"class":50},[44,145481,55],{"class":54},[44,145483,3281],{"class":80},[44,145485,2643],{"class":1675},[44,145487,2646],{"class":80},[44,145489,2649],{"class":1675},[44,145491,2646],{"class":80},[44,145493,2104],{"class":1675},[44,145495,2646],{"class":80},[44,145497,2110],{"class":1675},[44,145499,3294],{"class":80},[44,145501,145502,145504,145506,145509,145511,145513],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,145503,40850],{"class":50},[44,145505,55],{"class":54},[44,145507,145508],{"class":94}," sum",[44,145510,98],{"class":80},[44,145512,3308],{"class":84},[44,145514,104],{"class":80},[44,145516,145517,145519,145521,145523,145525],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,145518,95],{"class":94},[44,145520,98],{"class":80},[44,145522,40879],{"class":84},[44,145524,3321],{"class":80},[44,145526,26462],{"class":3324},[20,145528,119,145529,145531],{},[15,145530,145455],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[30,145533,126,145535,129],{"id":145534},"what-sum-does",[15,145536,145455],{},[20,145538,145539,145541],{},[15,145540,145455],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,145543,145544],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[139,145546,145547,145550,145553,145558],{},[142,145548,145549],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[142,145551,145552],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[142,145554,145555,145556],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,145557,35863],{},[142,145559,145560,145561,145563],{},"Counting ",[15,145562,3263],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,145565,145566],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[30,145568,250],{"id":249},[35,145570,145572],{"className":37,"code":145571,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,145573,145574],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145575,145576,145579,145581,145583,145585,145587,145589,145591],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145577,145578],{"class":94},"sum",[44,145580,98],{"class":80},[44,145582,3381],{"class":84},[44,145584,2646],{"class":80},[44,145586,35716],{"class":8835},[44,145588,55],{"class":54},[44,145590,1772],{"class":1675},[44,145592,104],{"class":80},[139,145594,145595,145600,145605],{},[142,145596,145597,145599],{},[15,145598,3381],{}," is the group of values to add",[142,145601,145602,145604],{},[15,145603,35737],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[142,145606,145607,145608],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,145609,145610],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,145612,145613,145614,145617,145618,81],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145615,145616,3381],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[243,145619,145620,24285],{"href":35860},[15,145621,35863],{},[30,145623,11136],{"id":11135},[20,145625,145626],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[35,145628,145630],{"className":37,"code":145629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145631,145632,145652,145666,145670],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145633,145634,145636,145638,145640,145642,145644,145646,145648,145650],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145635,3276],{"class":50},[44,145637,55],{"class":54},[44,145639,3281],{"class":80},[44,145641,1789],{"class":1675},[44,145643,2646],{"class":80},[44,145645,5670],{"class":1675},[44,145647,2646],{"class":80},[44,145649,37602],{"class":1675},[44,145651,3294],{"class":80},[44,145653,145654,145656,145658,145660,145662,145664],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,145655,40850],{"class":50},[44,145657,55],{"class":54},[44,145659,145508],{"class":94},[44,145661,98],{"class":80},[44,145663,3308],{"class":84},[44,145665,104],{"class":80},[44,145667,145668],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,145669,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,145671,145672,145674,145676,145678],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,145673,95],{"class":94},[44,145675,98],{"class":80},[44,145677,40879],{"class":84},[44,145679,104],{"class":80},[20,145681,107],{},[35,145683,145684],{"className":37,"code":69503,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145685,145686],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145687,145688],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145689,69503],{"class":1675},[20,145691,11345],{},[139,145693,145694,145699,145705],{},[142,145695,145696,145698],{},[15,145697,3308],{}," contains three integers",[142,145700,145701,145704],{},[15,145702,145703],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[142,145706,145707,145708],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,145709,40879],{},[30,145711,36277,145713,8094],{"id":145712},"using-the-start-value",[15,145714,35737],{},[20,145716,145717],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[35,145719,145721],{"className":37,"code":145720,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145722,145723,145743,145761,145765],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145724,145725,145727,145729,145731,145733,145735,145737,145739,145741],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145726,3276],{"class":50},[44,145728,55],{"class":54},[44,145730,3281],{"class":80},[44,145732,2643],{"class":1675},[44,145734,2646],{"class":80},[44,145736,2649],{"class":1675},[44,145738,2646],{"class":80},[44,145740,2104],{"class":1675},[44,145742,3294],{"class":80},[44,145744,145745,145747,145749,145751,145753,145755,145757,145759],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,145746,40850],{"class":50},[44,145748,55],{"class":54},[44,145750,145508],{"class":94},[44,145752,98],{"class":80},[44,145754,3308],{"class":84},[44,145756,2646],{"class":80},[44,145758,5670],{"class":1675},[44,145760,104],{"class":80},[44,145762,145763],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,145764,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,145766,145767,145769,145771,145773],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,145768,95],{"class":94},[44,145770,98],{"class":80},[44,145772,40879],{"class":84},[44,145774,104],{"class":80},[20,145776,107],{},[35,145778,145780],{"className":37,"code":145779,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"16\n",[15,145781,145782],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145783,145784],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145785,145779],{"class":1675},[20,145787,145788],{},"This works like:",[139,145790,145791,145796,145801,145805],{},[142,145792,145793,145794],{},"Start at ",[15,145795,1982],{},[142,145797,145798,145799],{},"Add ",[15,145800,2643],{},[142,145802,145798,145803],{},[15,145804,1708],{},[142,145806,145798,145807],{},[15,145808,1714],{},[20,145810,145811],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[30,145813,126,145815,145817],{"id":145814},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,145816,145455],{}," can work with",[20,145819,145820,145822],{},[15,145821,145455],{}," works with numeric values.",[267,145824,40092],{"id":40091},[35,145826,145828],{"className":37,"code":145827,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,145829,145830,145854],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145831,145832,145834,145836,145838,145840,145842,145844,145846,145848,145850,145852],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145833,3484],{"class":50},[44,145835,55],{"class":54},[44,145837,3281],{"class":80},[44,145839,2643],{"class":1675},[44,145841,2646],{"class":80},[44,145843,2649],{"class":1675},[44,145845,2646],{"class":80},[44,145847,2104],{"class":1675},[44,145849,2646],{"class":80},[44,145851,2110],{"class":1675},[44,145853,3294],{"class":80},[44,145855,145856,145858,145860,145862,145864,145866],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,145857,95],{"class":94},[44,145859,98],{"class":80},[44,145861,145578],{"class":94},[44,145863,98],{"class":80},[44,145865,5022],{"class":84},[44,145867,370],{"class":80},[20,145869,107],{},[35,145871,145872],{"className":37,"code":2028,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145873,145874],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145875,145876],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145877,2028],{"class":1675},[267,145879,145880],{"id":51708},"Floats",[35,145882,145884],{"className":37,"code":145883,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,145885,145886,145908],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145887,145888,145890,145892,145894,145896,145898,145901,145903,145906],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145889,82711],{"class":50},[44,145891,55],{"class":54},[44,145893,3281],{"class":80},[44,145895,40826],{"class":1675},[44,145897,2646],{"class":80},[44,145899,145900],{"class":1675}," 3.75",[44,145902,2646],{"class":80},[44,145904,145905],{"class":1675}," 1.25",[44,145907,3294],{"class":80},[44,145909,145910,145912,145914,145916,145918,145920],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,145911,95],{"class":94},[44,145913,98],{"class":80},[44,145915,145578],{"class":94},[44,145917,98],{"class":80},[44,145919,82747],{"class":84},[44,145921,370],{"class":80},[20,145923,107],{},[35,145925,145927],{"className":37,"code":145926,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7.5\n",[15,145928,145929],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145930,145931],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145932,145926],{"class":1675},[20,145934,145935,145936,81],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[243,145937,145938],{"href":2071},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[267,145940,145942,145943],{"id":145941},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,145944,35863],{},[35,145946,145948],{"className":37,"code":145947,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,145949,145950],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145951,145952,145954,145956,145958,145960,145962,145964,145966,145968,145970],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145953,95],{"class":94},[44,145955,98],{"class":80},[44,145957,145578],{"class":94},[44,145959,98],{"class":80},[44,145961,59661],{"class":94},[44,145963,98],{"class":80},[44,145965,2643],{"class":1675},[44,145967,2646],{"class":80},[44,145969,37309],{"class":1675},[44,145971,2567],{"class":80},[20,145973,107],{},[35,145975,145976],{"className":37,"code":46703,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145977,145978],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145979,145980],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145981,46703],{"class":1675},[20,145983,113216,145984,81],{},[15,145985,145986],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[267,145988,145990],{"id":145989},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,145992,145993,145994,145996,145997,4057,145999,145996,146001,81],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,145995,3263],{}," acts like ",[15,145998,2643],{},[15,146000,3335],{},[15,146002,1772],{},[35,146004,146006],{"className":37,"code":146005,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146007,146008,146032],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146009,146010,146012,146014,146016,146018,146020,146022,146024,146026,146028,146030],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146011,51628],{"class":50},[44,146013,55],{"class":54},[44,146015,3281],{"class":80},[44,146017,3263],{"class":3513},[44,146019,2646],{"class":80},[44,146021,3568],{"class":3513},[44,146023,2646],{"class":80},[44,146025,3577],{"class":3513},[44,146027,2646],{"class":80},[44,146029,3577],{"class":3513},[44,146031,3294],{"class":80},[44,146033,146034,146036,146038,146040,146042,146044],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,146035,95],{"class":94},[44,146037,98],{"class":80},[44,146039,145578],{"class":94},[44,146041,98],{"class":80},[44,146043,51681],{"class":84},[44,146045,370],{"class":80},[20,146047,107],{},[35,146049,146050],{"className":37,"code":46279,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146051,146052],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146053,146054],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146055,46279],{"class":1675},[20,146057,146058,146059,81],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146060,3263],{},[30,146062,126,146064,146066],{"id":146063},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146065,145455],{}," does not work with",[20,146068,146069,146071],{},[15,146070,145455],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[267,146073,146075],{"id":146074},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146077,2490],{},[35,146079,146081],{"className":37,"code":146080,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146082,146083,146107],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146084,146085,146087,146089,146091,146093,146095,146097,146099,146101,146103,146105],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146086,3732],{"class":50},[44,146088,55],{"class":54},[44,146090,3281],{"class":80},[44,146092,362],{"class":58},[44,146094,986],{"class":62},[44,146096,362],{"class":58},[44,146098,2646],{"class":80},[44,146100,59],{"class":58},[44,146102,60254],{"class":62},[44,146104,362],{"class":58},[44,146106,3294],{"class":80},[44,146108,146109,146111,146113,146115,146117,146119],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,146110,95],{"class":94},[44,146112,98],{"class":80},[44,146114,145578],{"class":94},[44,146116,98],{"class":80},[44,146118,3776],{"class":84},[44,146120,370],{"class":80},[20,146122,146123],{},"Use string joining instead:",[35,146125,146127],{"className":37,"code":146126,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146128,146129,146153],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146130,146131,146133,146135,146137,146139,146141,146143,146145,146147,146149,146151],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146132,3732],{"class":50},[44,146134,55],{"class":54},[44,146136,3281],{"class":80},[44,146138,362],{"class":58},[44,146140,986],{"class":62},[44,146142,362],{"class":58},[44,146144,2646],{"class":80},[44,146146,59],{"class":58},[44,146148,60254],{"class":62},[44,146150,362],{"class":58},[44,146152,3294],{"class":80},[44,146154,146155,146157,146159,146161,146163,146165,146167,146169],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,146156,95],{"class":94},[44,146158,98],{"class":80},[44,146160,5937],{"class":58},[44,146162,81],{"class":80},[44,146164,133155],{"class":84},[44,146166,98],{"class":80},[44,146168,3776],{"class":84},[44,146170,370],{"class":80},[20,146172,107],{},[35,146174,146176],{"className":37,"code":146175,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"helloworld\n",[15,146177,146178],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146179,146180],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146181,146175],{"class":50},[20,146183,146184,146185,81],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[243,146186,146187,5448],{"href":41839},[15,146188,47346],{},[267,146190,146192],{"id":146191},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146194,146195],{},"This also causes an error:",[35,146197,146199],{"className":37,"code":146198,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146200,146201,146228],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146202,146203,146206,146208,146210,146212,146214,146216,146218,146220,146222,146224,146226],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146204,146205],{"class":50},"lists ",[44,146207,55],{"class":54},[44,146209,55955],{"class":80},[44,146211,2643],{"class":1675},[44,146213,2646],{"class":80},[44,146215,2649],{"class":1675},[44,146217,17728],{"class":80},[44,146219,3281],{"class":80},[44,146221,1714],{"class":1675},[44,146223,2646],{"class":80},[44,146225,2110],{"class":1675},[44,146227,52904],{"class":80},[44,146229,146230,146232,146234,146236,146238,146240],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,146231,95],{"class":94},[44,146233,98],{"class":80},[44,146235,145578],{"class":94},[44,146237,98],{"class":80},[44,146239,4963],{"class":84},[44,146241,370],{"class":80},[20,146243,146244,146246],{},[15,146245,145455],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[267,146248,146250],{"id":146249},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146252,5136],{},[35,146254,146256],{"className":37,"code":146255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146257,146258,146282],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146259,146260,146262,146264,146266,146268,146270,146272,146274,146276,146278,146280],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146261,3484],{"class":50},[44,146263,55],{"class":54},[44,146265,3281],{"class":80},[44,146267,2643],{"class":1675},[44,146269,2646],{"class":80},[44,146271,2649],{"class":1675},[44,146273,2646],{"class":80},[44,146275,59],{"class":58},[44,146277,1714],{"class":62},[44,146279,362],{"class":58},[44,146281,3294],{"class":80},[44,146283,146284,146286,146288,146290,146292,146294],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,146285,95],{"class":94},[44,146287,98],{"class":80},[44,146289,145578],{"class":94},[44,146291,98],{"class":80},[44,146293,5022],{"class":84},[44,146295,370],{"class":80},[20,146297,146298],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146300,146301,146302,146304,146305,81],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146303,65608],{},", convert them first. See ",[243,146306,2617],{"href":2616},[30,146308,41172],{"id":41171},[20,146310,146311,146312,81],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146313,145455],{},[267,146315,6188],{"id":6187},[20,146317,4190],{},[35,146319,146321],{"className":37,"code":146320,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146322,146323],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146324,146325,146327,146329,146331,146333,146335],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146326,95],{"class":94},[44,146328,98],{"class":80},[44,146330,145578],{"class":94},[44,146332,98],{"class":80},[44,146334,1789],{"class":1675},[44,146336,370],{"class":80},[20,146338,146339],{},"Why it fails:",[139,146341,146342,146347],{},[142,146343,146344,146346],{},[15,146345,1789],{}," is a single integer",[142,146348,146349,146351],{},[15,146350,145455],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146353,6218],{},[35,146355,146357],{"className":37,"code":146356,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146358,146359],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146360,146361,146363,146365,146367,146369,146371],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146362,95],{"class":94},[44,146364,98],{"class":80},[44,146366,145578],{"class":94},[44,146368,2640],{"class":80},[44,146370,1789],{"class":1675},[44,146372,2656],{"class":80},[20,146374,107],{},[35,146376,146377],{"className":37,"code":2602,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146378,146379],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146380,146381],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146382,2602],{"class":1675},[267,146384,146386],{"id":146385},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146388,4190],{},[35,146390,146392],{"className":37,"code":146391,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146393,146394,146426],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146395,146396,146398,146400,146402,146404,146406,146408,146410,146412,146414,146416,146418,146420,146422,146424],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146397,3484],{"class":50},[44,146399,55],{"class":54},[44,146401,3281],{"class":80},[44,146403,362],{"class":58},[44,146405,2643],{"class":62},[44,146407,362],{"class":58},[44,146409,2646],{"class":80},[44,146411,59],{"class":58},[44,146413,1708],{"class":62},[44,146415,362],{"class":58},[44,146417,2646],{"class":80},[44,146419,59],{"class":58},[44,146421,1714],{"class":62},[44,146423,362],{"class":58},[44,146425,3294],{"class":80},[44,146427,146428,146430,146432,146434,146436,146438],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,146429,95],{"class":94},[44,146431,98],{"class":80},[44,146433,145578],{"class":94},[44,146435,98],{"class":80},[44,146437,5022],{"class":84},[44,146439,370],{"class":80},[20,146441,146442],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[35,146444,146446],{"className":37,"code":146445,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146447,146448,146480,146508],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146449,146450,146452,146454,146456,146458,146460,146462,146464,146466,146468,146470,146472,146474,146476,146478],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146451,3484],{"class":50},[44,146453,55],{"class":54},[44,146455,3281],{"class":80},[44,146457,362],{"class":58},[44,146459,2643],{"class":62},[44,146461,362],{"class":58},[44,146463,2646],{"class":80},[44,146465,59],{"class":58},[44,146467,1708],{"class":62},[44,146469,362],{"class":58},[44,146471,2646],{"class":80},[44,146473,59],{"class":58},[44,146475,1714],{"class":62},[44,146477,362],{"class":58},[44,146479,3294],{"class":80},[44,146481,146482,146484,146486,146488,146490,146492,146494,146496,146498,146500,146502,146504,146506],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,146483,40850],{"class":50},[44,146485,55],{"class":54},[44,146487,145508],{"class":94},[44,146489,98],{"class":80},[44,146491,1840],{"class":1461},[44,146493,98],{"class":80},[44,146495,1110],{"class":84},[44,146497,3321],{"class":80},[44,146499,3538],{"class":524},[44,146501,3541],{"class":84},[44,146503,3544],{"class":524},[44,146505,420],{"class":84},[44,146507,104],{"class":80},[44,146509,146510,146512,146514,146516],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,146511,95],{"class":94},[44,146513,98],{"class":80},[44,146515,40879],{"class":84},[44,146517,104],{"class":80},[20,146519,107],{},[35,146521,146522],{"className":37,"code":2309,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146523,146524],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146525,146526],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146527,2309],{"class":1675},[20,146529,146530],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[267,146532,146534],{"id":146533},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,146536,4190],{},[35,146538,146540],{"className":37,"code":146539,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146541,146542,146570],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146543,146544,146546,146548,146550,146552,146554,146556,146558,146560,146562,146564,146566,146568],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146545,3484],{"class":50},[44,146547,55],{"class":54},[44,146549,3281],{"class":80},[44,146551,2643],{"class":1675},[44,146553,2646],{"class":80},[44,146555,2649],{"class":1675},[44,146557,2646],{"class":80},[44,146559,59],{"class":58},[44,146561,1714],{"class":62},[44,146563,362],{"class":58},[44,146565,2646],{"class":80},[44,146567,2110],{"class":1675},[44,146569,3294],{"class":80},[44,146571,146572,146574,146576,146578,146580,146582],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,146573,95],{"class":94},[44,146575,98],{"class":80},[44,146577,145578],{"class":94},[44,146579,98],{"class":80},[44,146581,5022],{"class":84},[44,146583,370],{"class":80},[20,146585,146586],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[35,146588,146590],{"className":37,"code":146589,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146591,146592,146620,146648],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146593,146594,146596,146598,146600,146602,146604,146606,146608,146610,146612,146614,146616,146618],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146595,3484],{"class":50},[44,146597,55],{"class":54},[44,146599,3281],{"class":80},[44,146601,2643],{"class":1675},[44,146603,2646],{"class":80},[44,146605,2649],{"class":1675},[44,146607,2646],{"class":80},[44,146609,59],{"class":58},[44,146611,1714],{"class":62},[44,146613,362],{"class":58},[44,146615,2646],{"class":80},[44,146617,2110],{"class":1675},[44,146619,3294],{"class":80},[44,146621,146622,146624,146626,146628,146630,146632,146634,146636,146638,146640,146642,146644,146646],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,146623,40850],{"class":50},[44,146625,55],{"class":54},[44,146627,145508],{"class":94},[44,146629,98],{"class":80},[44,146631,1840],{"class":1461},[44,146633,98],{"class":80},[44,146635,1110],{"class":84},[44,146637,3321],{"class":80},[44,146639,3538],{"class":524},[44,146641,3541],{"class":84},[44,146643,3544],{"class":524},[44,146645,420],{"class":84},[44,146647,104],{"class":80},[44,146649,146650,146652,146654,146656],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,146651,95],{"class":94},[44,146653,98],{"class":80},[44,146655,40879],{"class":84},[44,146657,104],{"class":80},[20,146659,107],{},[35,146661,146662],{"className":37,"code":2028,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146663,146664],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146665,146666],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146667,2028],{"class":1675},[267,146669,675,146671,146673],{"id":146670},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,146672,145455],{}," to join text",[20,146675,4190],{},[35,146677,146679],{"className":37,"code":146678,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,146680,146681,146737],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146682,146683,146685,146687,146689,146691,146693,146695,146697,146699,146701,146703,146705,146707,146709,146711,146713,146715,146717,146719,146721,146723,146725,146727,146729,146731,146733,146735],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146684,35755],{"class":50},[44,146686,55],{"class":54},[44,146688,3281],{"class":80},[44,146690,362],{"class":58},[44,146692,133754],{"class":62},[44,146694,362],{"class":58},[44,146696,2646],{"class":80},[44,146698,59],{"class":58},[44,146700,11407],{"class":62},[44,146702,362],{"class":58},[44,146704,2646],{"class":80},[44,146706,59],{"class":58},[44,146708,1107],{"class":62},[44,146710,362],{"class":58},[44,146712,2646],{"class":80},[44,146714,59],{"class":58},[44,146716,60101],{"class":62},[44,146718,362],{"class":58},[44,146720,2646],{"class":80},[44,146722,59],{"class":58},[44,146724,60136],{"class":62},[44,146726,362],{"class":58},[44,146728,2646],{"class":80},[44,146730,59],{"class":58},[44,146732,75693],{"class":62},[44,146734,362],{"class":58},[44,146736,3294],{"class":80},[44,146738,146739,146741,146743,146745,146747,146749],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,146740,95],{"class":94},[44,146742,98],{"class":80},[44,146744,145578],{"class":94},[44,146746,98],{"class":80},[44,146748,35808],{"class":84},[44,146750,370],{"class":80},[20,146752,119,146753,60195],{},[15,146754,133078],{},[35,146756,146758],{"className":37,"code":146757,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,146759,146760,146816],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146761,146762,146764,146766,146768,146770,146772,146774,146776,146778,146780,146782,146784,146786,146788,146790,146792,146794,146796,146798,146800,146802,146804,146806,146808,146810,146812,146814],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146763,35755],{"class":50},[44,146765,55],{"class":54},[44,146767,3281],{"class":80},[44,146769,362],{"class":58},[44,146771,133754],{"class":62},[44,146773,362],{"class":58},[44,146775,2646],{"class":80},[44,146777,59],{"class":58},[44,146779,11407],{"class":62},[44,146781,362],{"class":58},[44,146783,2646],{"class":80},[44,146785,59],{"class":58},[44,146787,1107],{"class":62},[44,146789,362],{"class":58},[44,146791,2646],{"class":80},[44,146793,59],{"class":58},[44,146795,60101],{"class":62},[44,146797,362],{"class":58},[44,146799,2646],{"class":80},[44,146801,59],{"class":58},[44,146803,60136],{"class":62},[44,146805,362],{"class":58},[44,146807,2646],{"class":80},[44,146809,59],{"class":58},[44,146811,75693],{"class":62},[44,146813,362],{"class":58},[44,146815,3294],{"class":80},[44,146817,146818,146820,146822,146824,146826,146828,146830,146832],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,146819,95],{"class":94},[44,146821,98],{"class":80},[44,146823,5937],{"class":58},[44,146825,81],{"class":80},[44,146827,133155],{"class":84},[44,146829,98],{"class":80},[44,146831,35808],{"class":84},[44,146833,370],{"class":80},[20,146835,107],{},[35,146837,146838],{"className":37,"code":133835,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146839,146840],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146841,146842],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146843,133835],{"class":50},[20,146845,146846,146847,81],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[243,146848,146849],{"href":134914},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[30,146851,146853,146855],{"id":146852},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,146854,145455],{}," vs manual loop",[20,146857,146858,146860],{},[15,146859,145455],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[267,146862,675,146864],{"id":146863},"using-sum",[15,146865,145455],{},[35,146867,146869],{"className":37,"code":146868,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146870,146871,146891,146905],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146872,146873,146875,146877,146879,146881,146883,146885,146887,146889],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146874,3276],{"class":50},[44,146876,55],{"class":54},[44,146878,3281],{"class":80},[44,146880,2158],{"class":1675},[44,146882,2646],{"class":80},[44,146884,5659],{"class":1675},[44,146886,2646],{"class":80},[44,146888,53797],{"class":1675},[44,146890,3294],{"class":80},[44,146892,146893,146895,146897,146899,146901,146903],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,146894,40850],{"class":50},[44,146896,55],{"class":54},[44,146898,145508],{"class":94},[44,146900,98],{"class":80},[44,146902,3308],{"class":84},[44,146904,104],{"class":80},[44,146906,146907,146909,146911,146913],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,146908,95],{"class":94},[44,146910,98],{"class":80},[44,146912,40879],{"class":84},[44,146914,104],{"class":80},[267,146916,146918],{"id":146917},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[35,146920,146922],{"className":37,"code":146921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146923,146924,146944,146952,146956,146968,146976,146980],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146925,146926,146928,146930,146932,146934,146936,146938,146940,146942],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146927,3276],{"class":50},[44,146929,55],{"class":54},[44,146931,3281],{"class":80},[44,146933,2158],{"class":1675},[44,146935,2646],{"class":80},[44,146937,5659],{"class":1675},[44,146939,2646],{"class":80},[44,146941,53797],{"class":1675},[44,146943,3294],{"class":80},[44,146945,146946,146948,146950],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,146947,40850],{"class":50},[44,146949,55],{"class":54},[44,146951,38179],{"class":1675},[44,146953,146954],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,146955,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,146957,146958,146960,146962,146964,146966],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,146959,5623],{"class":524},[44,146961,6051],{"class":50},[44,146963,3544],{"class":524},[44,146965,3926],{"class":50},[44,146967,548],{"class":80},[44,146969,146970,146972,146974],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,146971,89766],{"class":50},[44,146973,89769],{"class":54},[44,146975,89772],{"class":50},[44,146977,146978],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,146979,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,146981,146982,146984,146986,146988],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,146983,95],{"class":94},[44,146985,98],{"class":80},[44,146987,40879],{"class":84},[44,146989,104],{"class":80},[20,146991,146992],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,146994,2142,146995,146997],{},[15,146996,145455],{}," is often better:",[139,146999,147000,147003,147006],{},[142,147001,147002],{},"Shorter code",[142,147004,147005],{},"Easier to read",[142,147007,147008],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147010,147011],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[139,147013,147014,147017,147020],{},[142,147015,147016],{},"You need to skip some values",[142,147018,147019],{},"You need extra checks",[142,147021,147022],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147024,147025,147026,147029,147030,147032],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[243,147027,147028],{"href":39675},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147031,145455],{}," on the filtered result.",[30,147034,1238],{"id":1237},[20,147036,147037,147038,2539],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147039,145455],{},[139,147041,147042,147048,147055,147062],{},[142,147043,147044,147045],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147046,147047],{},"sum(5)",[142,147049,147050,147051,147054],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147052,147053],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[142,147056,675,147057,147059,147060],{},[15,147058,145455],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147061,133078],{},[142,147063,147064],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147066,8534,147067,147069],{},[15,147068,145455],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[35,147071,147073],{"className":37,"code":147072,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147074,147075,147085,147099,147123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147076,147077,147079,147081,147083],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147078,95],{"class":94},[44,147080,98],{"class":80},[44,147082,5022],{"class":84},[44,147084,104],{"class":80},[44,147086,147087,147089,147091,147093,147095,147097],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,147088,95],{"class":94},[44,147090,98],{"class":80},[44,147092,2880],{"class":1461},[44,147094,98],{"class":80},[44,147096,5022],{"class":84},[44,147098,370],{"class":80},[44,147100,147101,147103,147105,147107,147109,147111,147113,147115,147117,147119,147121],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,147102,95],{"class":94},[44,147104,2640],{"class":80},[44,147106,2880],{"class":1461},[44,147108,98],{"class":80},[44,147110,1110],{"class":84},[44,147112,3321],{"class":80},[44,147114,3538],{"class":524},[44,147116,3541],{"class":84},[44,147118,3544],{"class":524},[44,147120,420],{"class":84},[44,147122,3549],{"class":80},[44,147124,147125,147127,147129,147131,147133,147135,147137,147139,147141,147143,147145,147147,147149],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,147126,95],{"class":94},[44,147128,98],{"class":80},[44,147130,145578],{"class":94},[44,147132,2640],{"class":80},[44,147134,1840],{"class":1461},[44,147136,98],{"class":80},[44,147138,1110],{"class":84},[44,147140,3321],{"class":80},[44,147142,3538],{"class":524},[44,147144,3541],{"class":84},[44,147146,3544],{"class":524},[44,147148,420],{"class":84},[44,147150,2656],{"class":80},[20,147152,135647],{},[139,147154,147155,147161,147167,147172],{},[142,147156,147157,147160],{},[15,147158,147159],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[142,147162,147163,147166],{},[15,147164,147165],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[142,147168,147169,135669],{},[15,147170,147171],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[142,147173,147174,147177],{},[15,147175,147176],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[30,147179,1478],{"id":1477},[267,147181,1504,147183,4807],{"id":147182},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147184,145455],{},[20,147186,147187],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[267,147189,4832,147191,147193],{"id":147190},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147192,145455],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147195,29938,147196,2532,147199,147202],{},[15,147197,147198],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147200,147201],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[267,147204,4832,147206,147208],{"id":147205},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147207,145455],{}," work with floats?",[20,147210,147211],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[267,147213,147215,147216,1520],{"id":147214},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147217,145455],{},[20,147219,147220,147221,147223],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147222,35737],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[267,147225,4820,147227,119050,147229,1520],{"id":147226},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147228,145455],{},[15,147230,2662],{},[20,147232,147233],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[30,147235,1545],{"id":1544},[139,147237,147238,147242,147248,147254,147260,147264,147268],{},[142,147239,147240],{},[243,147241,145938],{"href":2071},[142,147243,147244],{},[243,147245,3234,147246,3167],{"href":35860},[15,147247,35863],{},[142,147249,147250],{},[243,147251,3234,147252,3167],{"href":42022},[15,147253,42025],{},[142,147255,147256],{},[243,147257,3234,147258,3167],{"href":41839},[15,147259,47346],{},[142,147261,147262],{},[243,147263,4884],{"href":39675},[142,147265,147266],{},[243,147267,3184],{"href":2616},[142,147269,147270],{},[243,147271,146849],{"href":134914},[1577,147273,147274],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":147276},[147277,147278,147280,147281,147282,147284,147292,147298,147305,147311,147312,147324],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":145534,"depth":69,"text":147279},"What sum() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":11135,"depth":69,"text":11136},{"id":145712,"depth":69,"text":147283},"Using the start value",{"id":145814,"depth":69,"text":147285,"children":147286},"What sum() can work with",[147287,147288,147289,147291],{"id":40091,"depth":91,"text":40092},{"id":51708,"depth":91,"text":145880},{"id":145941,"depth":91,"text":147290},"Values from range()",{"id":145989,"depth":91,"text":145990},{"id":146063,"depth":69,"text":147293,"children":147294},"What sum() does not work with",[147295,147296,147297],{"id":146074,"depth":91,"text":146075},{"id":146191,"depth":91,"text":146192},{"id":146249,"depth":91,"text":146250},{"id":41171,"depth":69,"text":41172,"children":147299},[147300,147301,147302,147303],{"id":6187,"depth":91,"text":6188},{"id":146385,"depth":91,"text":146386},{"id":146533,"depth":91,"text":146534},{"id":146670,"depth":91,"text":147304},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":146852,"depth":69,"text":147306,"children":147307},"sum() vs manual loop",[147308,147310],{"id":146863,"depth":91,"text":147309},"Using sum()",{"id":146917,"depth":91,"text":146918},{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":147313},[147314,147316,147318,147320,147322],{"id":147182,"depth":91,"text":147315},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147190,"depth":91,"text":147317},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147205,"depth":91,"text":147319},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147214,"depth":91,"text":147321},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147226,"depth":91,"text":147323},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145447,"description":147325},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147332,"title":147333,"body":147334,"description":148736,"extension":1611,"meta":148737,"navigation":184,"path":148738,"seo":148739,"stem":148740,"__hash__":148741},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147335,"toc":148704},[147336,147342,147348,147351,147414,147420,147425,147429,147446,147460,147464,147484,147498,147500,147593,147595,147609,147611,147614,147703,147705,147713,147722,147724,147728,147749,147751,147843,147845,147866,147868,147872,147886,147888,147962,147964,147983,147987,147990,148013,148015,148126,148133,148141,148143,148149,148152,148195,148198,148221,148229,148233,148308,148314,148339,148346,148349,148352,148356,148361,148449,148457,148461,148464,148489,148493,148554,148558,148607,148617,148619,148624,148627,148633,148636,148640,148644,148650,148653,148661,148669,148671,148701],[10,147337,147339,147340,18],{"id":147338},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147341,56952],{},[20,147343,147344,147347],{},[15,147345,147346],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147349,147350],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[35,147352,147354],{"className":37,"code":147353,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147355,147356,147384,147402],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147357,147358,147360,147362,147364,147366,147368,147370,147372,147374,147376,147378,147380,147382],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147359,3276],{"class":50},[44,147361,55],{"class":54},[44,147363,8896],{"class":80},[44,147365,2643],{"class":1675},[44,147367,2646],{"class":80},[44,147369,2649],{"class":1675},[44,147371,2646],{"class":80},[44,147373,2649],{"class":1675},[44,147375,2646],{"class":80},[44,147377,2104],{"class":1675},[44,147379,2646],{"class":80},[44,147381,2649],{"class":1675},[44,147383,104],{"class":80},[44,147385,147386,147388,147390,147392,147394,147396,147398,147400],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,147387,1880],{"class":50},[44,147389,55],{"class":54},[44,147391,3926],{"class":50},[44,147393,81],{"class":80},[44,147395,40927],{"class":84},[44,147397,98],{"class":80},[44,147399,1708],{"class":1675},[44,147401,104],{"class":80},[44,147403,147404,147406,147408,147410,147412],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,147405,95],{"class":94},[44,147407,98],{"class":80},[44,147409,1915],{"class":84},[44,147411,3321],{"class":80},[44,147413,50433],{"class":3324},[20,147415,119,147416,147419],{},[15,147417,147418],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[30,147421,126,147423,129],{"id":147422},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147424,147346],{},[20,147426,147427,2539],{},[15,147428,147418],{},[139,147430,147431,147437,147440,147443],{},[142,147432,147433,147434,147436],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147435,2126],{}," appears in the tuple",[142,147438,147439],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[142,147441,147442],{},"Returns an integer",[142,147444,147445],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147447,147448,147449,147451,147452,2532,147456,81],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147450,56952],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[243,147453,147455],{"href":147454},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[243,147457,147459],{"href":147458},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[30,147461,147463],{"id":147462},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[35,147465,147467],{"className":37,"code":147466,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147468,147469],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147470,147471,147474,147476,147478,147480,147482],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147472,147473],{"class":50},"my_tuple",[44,147475,81],{"class":80},[44,147477,40927],{"class":84},[44,147479,98],{"class":80},[44,147481,2126],{"class":84},[44,147483,104],{"class":80},[139,147485,147486,147490,147493],{},[142,147487,147488,57117],{},[15,147489,2126],{},[142,147491,147492],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[142,147494,147495,147496],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147497,1772],{},[267,147499,102767],{"id":102766},[35,147501,147503],{"className":37,"code":147502,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147504,147505,147545,147569],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147506,147507,147509,147511,147513,147515,147517,147519,147521,147523,147525,147527,147529,147531,147533,147535,147537,147539,147541,147543],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147508,12738],{"class":50},[44,147510,55],{"class":54},[44,147512,8896],{"class":80},[44,147514,362],{"class":58},[44,147516,12755],{"class":62},[44,147518,362],{"class":58},[44,147520,2646],{"class":80},[44,147522,59],{"class":58},[44,147524,12772],{"class":62},[44,147526,362],{"class":58},[44,147528,2646],{"class":80},[44,147530,59],{"class":58},[44,147532,12755],{"class":62},[44,147534,362],{"class":58},[44,147536,2646],{"class":80},[44,147538,59],{"class":58},[44,147540,17121],{"class":62},[44,147542,362],{"class":58},[44,147544,104],{"class":80},[44,147546,147547,147549,147551,147553,147555,147557,147559,147561,147563,147565,147567],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,147548,95],{"class":94},[44,147550,98],{"class":80},[44,147552,17168],{"class":84},[44,147554,81],{"class":80},[44,147556,40927],{"class":84},[44,147558,98],{"class":80},[44,147560,362],{"class":58},[44,147562,12755],{"class":62},[44,147564,362],{"class":58},[44,147566,5025],{"class":80},[44,147568,57307],{"class":3324},[44,147570,147571,147573,147575,147577,147579,147581,147583,147585,147587,147589,147591],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,147572,95],{"class":94},[44,147574,98],{"class":80},[44,147576,17168],{"class":84},[44,147578,81],{"class":80},[44,147580,40927],{"class":84},[44,147582,98],{"class":80},[44,147584,362],{"class":58},[44,147586,22191],{"class":62},[44,147588,362],{"class":58},[44,147590,5025],{"class":80},[44,147592,50909],{"class":3324},[20,147594,19624],{},[139,147596,147597,147602],{},[142,147598,147599,147601],{},[15,147600,65055],{}," appears 2 times",[142,147603,147604,147606,147607],{},[15,147605,109461],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,147608,1772],{},[30,147610,11136],{"id":11135},[20,147612,147613],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[35,147615,147617],{"className":37,"code":147616,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,147618,147619,147667,147671,147693],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147620,147621,147623,147625,147627,147629,147631,147633,147635,147637,147639,147641,147643,147645,147647,147649,147651,147653,147655,147657,147659,147661,147663,147665],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147622,35904],{"class":50},[44,147624,55],{"class":54},[44,147626,8896],{"class":80},[44,147628,362],{"class":58},[44,147630,3741],{"class":62},[44,147632,362],{"class":58},[44,147634,2646],{"class":80},[44,147636,59],{"class":58},[44,147638,3750],{"class":62},[44,147640,362],{"class":58},[44,147642,2646],{"class":80},[44,147644,59],{"class":58},[44,147646,3741],{"class":62},[44,147648,362],{"class":58},[44,147650,2646],{"class":80},[44,147652,59],{"class":58},[44,147654,32887],{"class":62},[44,147656,362],{"class":58},[44,147658,2646],{"class":80},[44,147660,59],{"class":58},[44,147662,3741],{"class":62},[44,147664,362],{"class":58},[44,147666,104],{"class":80},[44,147668,147669],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,147670,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,147672,147673,147675,147677,147679,147681,147683,147685,147687,147689,147691],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,147674,1880],{"class":50},[44,147676,55],{"class":54},[44,147678,52513],{"class":50},[44,147680,81],{"class":80},[44,147682,40927],{"class":84},[44,147684,98],{"class":80},[44,147686,362],{"class":58},[44,147688,3741],{"class":62},[44,147690,362],{"class":58},[44,147692,104],{"class":80},[44,147694,147695,147697,147699,147701],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,147696,95],{"class":94},[44,147698,98],{"class":80},[44,147700,1915],{"class":84},[44,147702,104],{"class":80},[20,147704,107],{},[35,147706,147707],{"className":37,"code":46279,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,147708,147709],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147710,147711],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147712,46279],{"class":1675},[20,147714,147715,147717,147718,2049,147720,81],{},[15,147716,57495],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,147719,56952],{},[15,147721,1714],{},[30,147723,37686],{"id":37685},[20,147725,57206,147726,128387],{},[15,147727,56952],{},[139,147729,147730,147735,147740,147743],{},[142,147731,11084,147732,147734],{},[15,147733,1772],{}," when the value does not exist",[142,147736,11084,147737,147739],{},[15,147738,2643],{}," when the value appears once",[142,147741,147742],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[142,147744,147745,147746,147748],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,147747,525],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,147750,161],{},[35,147752,147754],{"className":37,"code":147753,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,147755,147756,147797,147801,147828],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147757,147758,147761,147763,147765,147767,147769,147771,147773,147775,147777,147779,147781,147783,147785,147787,147789,147791,147793,147795],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147759,147760],{"class":50},"answers ",[44,147762,55],{"class":54},[44,147764,8896],{"class":80},[44,147766,362],{"class":58},[44,147768,543],{"class":62},[44,147770,362],{"class":58},[44,147772,2646],{"class":80},[44,147774,59],{"class":58},[44,147776,8258],{"class":62},[44,147778,362],{"class":58},[44,147780,2646],{"class":80},[44,147782,59],{"class":58},[44,147784,543],{"class":62},[44,147786,362],{"class":58},[44,147788,2646],{"class":80},[44,147790,59],{"class":58},[44,147792,543],{"class":62},[44,147794,362],{"class":58},[44,147796,104],{"class":80},[44,147798,147799],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,147800,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,147802,147803,147805,147808,147810,147812,147814,147816,147818,147820,147822,147824,147826],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,147804,525],{"class":524},[44,147806,147807],{"class":50}," answers",[44,147809,81],{"class":80},[44,147811,40927],{"class":84},[44,147813,98],{"class":80},[44,147815,362],{"class":58},[44,147817,543],{"class":62},[44,147819,362],{"class":58},[44,147821,3321],{"class":80},[44,147823,38062],{"class":54},[44,147825,5162],{"class":1675},[44,147827,548],{"class":80},[44,147829,147830,147832,147834,147836,147839,147841],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,147831,553],{"class":94},[44,147833,98],{"class":80},[44,147835,362],{"class":58},[44,147837,147838],{"class":62},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[44,147840,362],{"class":58},[44,147842,104],{"class":80},[20,147844,107],{},[35,147846,147848],{"className":37,"code":147847,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,147849,147850],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147851,147852,147855,147857,147859,147861,147864],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147853,147854],{"class":50},"The answer ",[44,147856,655],{"class":58},[44,147858,543],{"class":62},[44,147860,655],{"class":58},[44,147862,147863],{"class":50}," appears more than once",[44,147865,122044],{"class":80},[30,147867,40713],{"id":40712},[20,147869,35069,147870,104230],{},[15,147871,147346],{},[139,147873,147874,147877,147880,147883],{},[142,147875,147876],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[142,147878,147879],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[142,147881,147882],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[142,147884,147885],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,147887,161],{},[35,147889,147891],{"className":37,"code":147890,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,147892,147893,147921,147925,147947],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147894,147895,147897,147899,147901,147903,147905,147907,147909,147911,147913,147915,147917,147919],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147896,4726],{"class":50},[44,147898,55],{"class":54},[44,147900,8896],{"class":80},[44,147902,1982],{"class":1675},[44,147904,2646],{"class":80},[44,147906,7452],{"class":1675},[44,147908,2646],{"class":80},[44,147910,5670],{"class":1675},[44,147912,2646],{"class":80},[44,147914,7457],{"class":1675},[44,147916,2646],{"class":80},[44,147918,5670],{"class":1675},[44,147920,104],{"class":80},[44,147922,147923],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,147924,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,147926,147927,147929,147931,147933,147935,147937,147939,147941,147943,147945],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,147928,525],{"class":524},[44,147930,4773],{"class":50},[44,147932,81],{"class":80},[44,147934,40927],{"class":84},[44,147936,98],{"class":80},[44,147938,1982],{"class":1675},[44,147940,3321],{"class":80},[44,147942,50950],{"class":54},[44,147944,2649],{"class":1675},[44,147946,548],{"class":80},[44,147948,147949,147951,147953,147955,147958,147960],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,147950,553],{"class":94},[44,147952,98],{"class":80},[44,147954,362],{"class":58},[44,147956,147957],{"class":62},"The score 10 is repeated.",[44,147959,362],{"class":58},[44,147961,104],{"class":80},[20,147963,107],{},[35,147965,147967],{"className":37,"code":147966,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,147968,147969],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147970,147971,147974,147976,147978,147981],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147972,147973],{"class":50},"The score ",[44,147975,1982],{"class":1675},[44,147977,7757],{"class":54},[44,147979,147980],{"class":50}," repeated",[44,147982,122044],{"class":80},[30,147984,147986],{"id":147985},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,147988,147989],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[139,147991,147992,147998,148003,148006],{},[142,147993,147994,147995,147997],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,147996,56952],{}," still works because it only reads data",[142,147999,148000,148002],{},[15,148001,56952],{}," counts exact matches",[142,148004,148005],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[142,148007,148008,4057,148010,148012],{},[15,148009,2643],{},[15,148011,41822],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148014,161],{},[35,148016,148018],{"className":37,"code":148017,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148019,148020,148054,148058,148078,148102],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148021,148022,148024,148026,148028,148030,148032,148035,148037,148039,148042,148044,148046,148048,148050,148052],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148023,3484],{"class":50},[44,148025,55],{"class":54},[44,148027,8896],{"class":80},[44,148029,2643],{"class":1675},[44,148031,2646],{"class":80},[44,148033,148034],{"class":1675}," 1.0",[44,148036,2646],{"class":80},[44,148038,59],{"class":58},[44,148040,148041],{"class":62},"Cat",[44,148043,362],{"class":58},[44,148045,2646],{"class":80},[44,148047,59],{"class":58},[44,148049,36712],{"class":62},[44,148051,362],{"class":58},[44,148053,104],{"class":80},[44,148055,148056],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,148057,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,148059,148060,148062,148064,148066,148068,148070,148072,148074,148076],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,148061,95],{"class":94},[44,148063,98],{"class":80},[44,148065,5022],{"class":84},[44,148067,81],{"class":80},[44,148069,40927],{"class":84},[44,148071,98],{"class":80},[44,148073,2643],{"class":1675},[44,148075,5025],{"class":80},[44,148077,50756],{"class":3324},[44,148079,148080,148082,148084,148086,148088,148090,148092,148094,148096,148098,148100],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,148081,95],{"class":94},[44,148083,98],{"class":80},[44,148085,5022],{"class":84},[44,148087,81],{"class":80},[44,148089,40927],{"class":84},[44,148091,98],{"class":80},[44,148093,362],{"class":58},[44,148095,148041],{"class":62},[44,148097,362],{"class":58},[44,148099,5025],{"class":80},[44,148101,27447],{"class":3324},[44,148103,148104,148106,148108,148110,148112,148114,148116,148118,148120,148122,148124],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,148105,95],{"class":94},[44,148107,98],{"class":80},[44,148109,5022],{"class":84},[44,148111,81],{"class":80},[44,148113,40927],{"class":84},[44,148115,98],{"class":80},[44,148117,362],{"class":58},[44,148119,36712],{"class":62},[44,148121,362],{"class":58},[44,148123,5025],{"class":80},[44,148125,27447],{"class":3324},[20,148127,4820,148128,4823,148131,1520],{},[15,148129,148130],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148132,1708],{},[20,148134,8444,148135,1118,148138,148140],{},[15,148136,148137],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148139,3263],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[30,148142,1238],{"id":1237},[267,148144,675,148146,148148],{"id":148145},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148147,40927],{}," without parentheses",[20,148150,148151],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[35,148153,148155],{"className":37,"code":148154,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148156,148157,148181],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148158,148159,148161,148163,148165,148167,148169,148171,148173,148175,148177,148179],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148160,3276],{"class":50},[44,148162,55],{"class":54},[44,148164,8896],{"class":80},[44,148166,2643],{"class":1675},[44,148168,2646],{"class":80},[44,148170,2649],{"class":1675},[44,148172,2646],{"class":80},[44,148174,2649],{"class":1675},[44,148176,2646],{"class":80},[44,148178,2104],{"class":1675},[44,148180,104],{"class":80},[44,148182,148183,148185,148187,148189,148191,148193],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,148184,95],{"class":94},[44,148186,98],{"class":80},[44,148188,3308],{"class":84},[44,148190,81],{"class":80},[44,148192,40927],{"class":1467},[44,148194,104],{"class":80},[20,148196,148197],{},"To call the method correctly:",[35,148199,148201],{"className":37,"code":148200,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148202,148203],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148204,148205,148207,148209,148211,148213,148215,148217,148219],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148206,95],{"class":94},[44,148208,98],{"class":80},[44,148210,3308],{"class":84},[44,148212,81],{"class":80},[44,148214,40927],{"class":84},[44,148216,98],{"class":80},[44,148218,1708],{"class":1675},[44,148220,370],{"class":80},[267,148222,1246,148223,8116,148225,2532,148227],{"id":58255},[15,148224,56952],{},[15,148226,3263],{},[15,148228,3335],{},[20,148230,148231,58266],{},[15,148232,56952],{},[35,148234,148236],{"className":37,"code":148235,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148237,148238,148270,148292,148296],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148239,148240,148242,148244,148246,148248,148250,148252,148254,148256,148258,148260,148262,148264,148266,148268],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148241,35755],{"class":50},[44,148243,55],{"class":54},[44,148245,8896],{"class":80},[44,148247,362],{"class":58},[44,148249,243],{"class":62},[44,148251,362],{"class":58},[44,148253,2646],{"class":80},[44,148255,59],{"class":58},[44,148257,842],{"class":62},[44,148259,362],{"class":58},[44,148261,2646],{"class":80},[44,148263,59],{"class":58},[44,148265,243],{"class":62},[44,148267,362],{"class":58},[44,148269,104],{"class":80},[44,148271,148272,148274,148276,148278,148280,148282,148284,148286,148288,148290],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,148273,1880],{"class":50},[44,148275,55],{"class":54},[44,148277,69759],{"class":50},[44,148279,81],{"class":80},[44,148281,40927],{"class":84},[44,148283,98],{"class":80},[44,148285,362],{"class":58},[44,148287,243],{"class":62},[44,148289,362],{"class":58},[44,148291,104],{"class":80},[44,148293,148294],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,148295,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,148297,148298,148300,148302,148304,148306],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,148299,95],{"class":94},[44,148301,98],{"class":80},[44,148303,1915],{"class":84},[44,148305,3321],{"class":80},[44,148307,51077],{"class":3324},[20,148309,148310,148311,148313],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148312,3544],{}," is often simpler:",[35,148315,148317],{"className":37,"code":148316,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148318,148319],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148320,148321,148323,148325,148327,148329,148331,148333,148335,148337],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148322,95],{"class":94},[44,148324,98],{"class":80},[44,148326,362],{"class":58},[44,148328,243],{"class":62},[44,148330,362],{"class":58},[44,148332,20841],{"class":524},[44,148334,69759],{"class":84},[44,148336,3321],{"class":80},[44,148338,3325],{"class":3324},[267,148340,36869,148342,8363,148344],{"id":148341},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148343,147346],{},[15,148345,56957],{},[20,148347,148348],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148350,148351],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[267,148353,148355],{"id":148354},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148357,148358,148360],{},[15,148359,56952],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[35,148362,148364],{"className":37,"code":148363,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148365,148366,148399,148425],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148367,148368,148370,148372,148374,148376,148378,148380,148382,148384,148387,148389,148391,148393,148395,148397],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148369,3732],{"class":50},[44,148371,55],{"class":54},[44,148373,8896],{"class":80},[44,148375,362],{"class":58},[44,148377,3741],{"class":62},[44,148379,362],{"class":58},[44,148381,2646],{"class":80},[44,148383,59],{"class":58},[44,148385,148386],{"class":62},"pineapple",[44,148388,362],{"class":58},[44,148390,2646],{"class":80},[44,148392,59],{"class":58},[44,148394,3741],{"class":62},[44,148396,362],{"class":58},[44,148398,104],{"class":80},[44,148400,148401,148403,148405,148407,148409,148411,148413,148415,148418,148420,148422],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,148402,95],{"class":94},[44,148404,98],{"class":80},[44,148406,3776],{"class":84},[44,148408,81],{"class":80},[44,148410,40927],{"class":84},[44,148412,98],{"class":80},[44,148414,362],{"class":58},[44,148416,148417],{"class":62},"app",[44,148419,362],{"class":58},[44,148421,5025],{"class":80},[44,148423,148424],{"class":3324},"    # 0\n",[44,148426,148427,148429,148431,148433,148435,148437,148439,148441,148443,148445,148447],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,148428,95],{"class":94},[44,148430,98],{"class":80},[44,148432,3776],{"class":84},[44,148434,81],{"class":80},[44,148436,40927],{"class":84},[44,148438,98],{"class":80},[44,148440,362],{"class":58},[44,148442,3741],{"class":62},[44,148444,362],{"class":58},[44,148446,5025],{"class":80},[44,148448,51077],{"class":3324},[20,148450,148451,148454,148455,81],{},[15,148452,148453],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148456,1772],{},[30,148458,148460],{"id":148459},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148462,148463],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[139,148465,148466,148471,148480,148486],{},[142,148467,119,148468,148470],{},[15,148469,3544],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[142,148472,119,148473,148479],{},[243,148474,148476,148477],{"href":148475},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148478,58630],{}," to find the position of a value",[142,148481,119,148482,148485],{},[15,148483,148484],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[142,148487,148488],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148490,45703,148491,2539],{},[15,148492,3544],{},[35,148494,148496],{"className":37,"code":148495,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148497,148498,148518,148522,148538],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148499,148500,148502,148504,148506,148508,148510,148512,148514,148516],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148501,3276],{"class":50},[44,148503,55],{"class":54},[44,148505,8896],{"class":80},[44,148507,2158],{"class":1675},[44,148509,2646],{"class":80},[44,148511,5659],{"class":1675},[44,148513,2646],{"class":80},[44,148515,53797],{"class":1675},[44,148517,104],{"class":80},[44,148519,148520],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,148521,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,148523,148524,148526,148528,148530,148532,148534,148536],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,148525,95],{"class":94},[44,148527,98],{"class":80},[44,148529,1676],{"class":1675},[44,148531,20841],{"class":524},[44,148533,3926],{"class":84},[44,148535,3321],{"class":80},[44,148537,43517],{"class":3324},[44,148539,148540,148542,148544,148546,148548,148550,148552],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,148541,95],{"class":94},[44,148543,98],{"class":80},[44,148545,1789],{"class":1675},[44,148547,20841],{"class":524},[44,148549,3926],{"class":84},[44,148551,3321],{"class":80},[44,148553,43534],{"class":3324},[20,148555,45703,148556,2539],{},[15,148557,58630],{},[35,148559,148561],{"className":37,"code":148560,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,148562,148563,148587],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148564,148565,148567,148569,148571,148573,148575,148577,148579,148581,148583,148585],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148566,3276],{"class":50},[44,148568,55],{"class":54},[44,148570,8896],{"class":80},[44,148572,2158],{"class":1675},[44,148574,2646],{"class":80},[44,148576,5659],{"class":1675},[44,148578,2646],{"class":80},[44,148580,53797],{"class":1675},[44,148582,2646],{"class":80},[44,148584,5659],{"class":1675},[44,148586,104],{"class":80},[44,148588,148589,148591,148593,148595,148597,148599,148601,148603,148605],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,148590,95],{"class":94},[44,148592,98],{"class":80},[44,148594,3308],{"class":84},[44,148596,81],{"class":80},[44,148598,35510],{"class":84},[44,148600,98],{"class":80},[44,148602,1676],{"class":1675},[44,148604,5025],{"class":80},[44,148606,27447],{"class":3324},[20,148608,148609,148611,148612,148614,148616],{},[15,148610,56952],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9506,148613],{},[15,148615,58630],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[30,148618,1478],{"id":1477},[267,148620,1504,148622,4807],{"id":148621},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,148623,147346],{},[20,148625,148626],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[267,148628,1482,148630,148632],{"id":148629},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,148631,147346],{}," change the tuple?",[20,148634,148635],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[267,148637,148639],{"id":148638},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,148641,11573,148642,81],{},[15,148643,1772],{},[267,148645,4832,148647,148649],{"id":148646},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,148648,147346],{}," count strings?",[20,148651,148652],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[267,148654,4842,148656,4057,148658,1520],{"id":148655},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,148657,147346],{},[15,148659,148660],{},"tuple.index()",[20,148662,148663,148665,148666,148668],{},[15,148664,56952],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,148667,58630],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[30,148670,1545],{"id":1544},[139,148672,148673,148677,148682,148689,148697],{},[142,148674,148675],{},[243,148676,147455],{"href":147454},[142,148678,148679],{},[243,148680,148681],{"href":147458},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[142,148683,148684],{},[243,148685,148686,148687,1555],{"href":148475},"Python tuple ",[15,148688,58630],{},[142,148690,148691],{},[243,148692,148694,148695],{"href":148693},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,148696,42025],{},[142,148698,148699],{},[243,148700,58618],{"href":58617},[1577,148702,148703],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":148705},[148706,148708,148711,148712,148713,148714,148715,148723,148724,148735],{"id":147422,"depth":69,"text":148707},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147462,"depth":69,"text":147463,"children":148709},[148710],{"id":102766,"depth":91,"text":102767},{"id":11135,"depth":69,"text":11136},{"id":37685,"depth":69,"text":37686},{"id":40712,"depth":69,"text":40713},{"id":147985,"depth":69,"text":147986},{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238,"children":148716},[148717,148719,148720,148722],{"id":148145,"depth":91,"text":148718},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58255,"depth":91,"text":58671},{"id":148341,"depth":91,"text":148721},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148354,"depth":91,"text":148355},{"id":148459,"depth":69,"text":148460},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":148725},[148726,148728,148730,148731,148733],{"id":148621,"depth":91,"text":148727},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148629,"depth":91,"text":148729},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":148638,"depth":91,"text":148639},{"id":148646,"depth":91,"text":148732},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":148655,"depth":91,"text":148734},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147333,"description":148736},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":148743,"title":148744,"body":148745,"description":150432,"extension":1611,"meta":150433,"navigation":184,"path":150434,"seo":150435,"stem":150436,"__hash__":150437},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":148746,"toc":150395},[148747,148750,148753,148762,148764,148894,148896,148957,148963,148965,148985,148989,148992,148995,149030,149032,149053,149056,149095,149097,149122,149129,149133,149136,149173,149175,149198,149201,149204,149216,149222,149226,149229,149235,149276,149278,149301,149304,149345,149347,149374,149376,149393,149395,149412,149415,149419,149422,149424,149458,149460,149507,149511,149550,149554,149557,149614,149616,149657,149663,149669,149674,149676,149713,149715,149735,149737,149770,149772,149805,149808,149812,149845,149847,149872,149875,149877,149891,149898,149900,149903,149907,149910,149945,149948,149983,149987,149990,150029,150032,150071,150075,150077,150107,150110,150117,150119,150151,150154,150186,150189,150220,150222,150239,150243,150246,150310,150312,150316,150323,150327,150330,150334,150337,150341,150344,150349,150355,150357,150392],[10,148748,148744],{"id":148749},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,148751,148752],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,148754,148755,148756,2532,148760,81],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[243,148757,148759],{"href":148758},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[243,148761,147455],{"href":147454},[30,148763,1653],{"id":1652},[35,148765,148767],{"className":37,"code":148766,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,148768,148769,148789,148798,148812,148848,148852,148862,148872,148883],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148770,148771,148773,148775,148777,148779,148781,148783,148785,148787],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148772,3276],{"class":50},[44,148774,55],{"class":54},[44,148776,8896],{"class":80},[44,148778,2643],{"class":1675},[44,148780,2646],{"class":80},[44,148782,2649],{"class":1675},[44,148784,2646],{"class":80},[44,148786,2104],{"class":1675},[44,148788,104],{"class":80},[44,148790,148791,148793,148795],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,148792,124504],{"class":50},[44,148794,55],{"class":54},[44,148796,148797],{"class":80}," ()\n",[44,148799,148800,148803,148805,148807,148809],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,148801,148802],{"class":50},"one_item ",[44,148804,55],{"class":54},[44,148806,8896],{"class":80},[44,148808,1789],{"class":1675},[44,148810,148811],{"class":80},",)\n",[44,148813,148814,148817,148819,148822,148824,148826,148828,148830,148832,148834,148836,148838,148840,148842,148844,148846],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,148815,148816],{"class":50},"from_list ",[44,148818,55],{"class":54},[44,148820,148821],{"class":1461}," tuple",[44,148823,2640],{"class":80},[44,148825,362],{"class":58},[44,148827,243],{"class":62},[44,148829,362],{"class":58},[44,148831,2646],{"class":80},[44,148833,59],{"class":58},[44,148835,842],{"class":62},[44,148837,362],{"class":58},[44,148839,2646],{"class":80},[44,148841,59],{"class":58},[44,148843,846],{"class":62},[44,148845,362],{"class":58},[44,148847,3549],{"class":80},[44,148849,148850],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,148851,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,148853,148854,148856,148858,148860],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,148855,95],{"class":94},[44,148857,98],{"class":80},[44,148859,3308],{"class":84},[44,148861,104],{"class":80},[44,148863,148864,148866,148868,148870],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,148865,95],{"class":94},[44,148867,98],{"class":80},[44,148869,124555],{"class":84},[44,148871,104],{"class":80},[44,148873,148874,148876,148878,148881],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,148875,95],{"class":94},[44,148877,98],{"class":80},[44,148879,148880],{"class":84},"one_item",[44,148882,104],{"class":80},[44,148884,148885,148887,148889,148892],{"class":46,"line":6095},[44,148886,95],{"class":94},[44,148888,98],{"class":80},[44,148890,148891],{"class":84},"from_list",[44,148893,104],{"class":80},[20,148895,107],{},[35,148897,148899],{"className":37,"code":148898,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,148900,148901,148917,148921,148929],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148902,148903,148905,148907,148909,148911,148913,148915],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148904,98],{"class":80},[44,148906,2643],{"class":1675},[44,148908,2646],{"class":80},[44,148910,2649],{"class":1675},[44,148912,2646],{"class":80},[44,148914,2104],{"class":1675},[44,148916,104],{"class":80},[44,148918,148919],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,148920,88],{"class":80},[44,148922,148923,148925,148927],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,148924,98],{"class":80},[44,148926,1789],{"class":1675},[44,148928,148811],{"class":80},[44,148930,148931,148933,148935,148937,148939,148941,148943,148945,148947,148949,148951,148953,148955],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,148932,98],{"class":80},[44,148934,655],{"class":58},[44,148936,243],{"class":62},[44,148938,655],{"class":58},[44,148940,2646],{"class":80},[44,148942,2955],{"class":58},[44,148944,842],{"class":62},[44,148946,655],{"class":58},[44,148948,2646],{"class":80},[44,148950,2955],{"class":58},[44,148952,846],{"class":62},[44,148954,655],{"class":58},[44,148956,104],{"class":80},[20,148958,148959,148960,81],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,148961,148962],{},"(5,)",[30,148964,14826],{"id":14825},[139,148966,148967,148970,148973,148976,148979,148982],{},[142,148968,148969],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[142,148971,148972],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[142,148974,148975],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[142,148977,148978],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[142,148980,148981],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[142,148983,148984],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[30,148986,148988],{"id":148987},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,148990,148991],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,148993,148994],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[35,148996,148998],{"className":37,"code":148997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,148999,149000,149020],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149001,149002,149004,149006,149008,149010,149012,149014,149016,149018],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149003,3276],{"class":50},[44,149005,55],{"class":54},[44,149007,8896],{"class":80},[44,149009,2643],{"class":1675},[44,149011,2646],{"class":80},[44,149013,2649],{"class":1675},[44,149015,2646],{"class":80},[44,149017,2104],{"class":1675},[44,149019,104],{"class":80},[44,149021,149022,149024,149026,149028],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,149023,95],{"class":94},[44,149025,98],{"class":80},[44,149027,3308],{"class":84},[44,149029,104],{"class":80},[20,149031,107],{},[35,149033,149035],{"className":37,"code":149034,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149036,149037],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149038,149039,149041,149043,149045,149047,149049,149051],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149040,98],{"class":80},[44,149042,2643],{"class":1675},[44,149044,2646],{"class":80},[44,149046,2649],{"class":1675},[44,149048,2646],{"class":80},[44,149050,2104],{"class":1675},[44,149052,104],{"class":80},[20,149054,149055],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[35,149057,149059],{"className":37,"code":149058,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149060,149061,149085],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149062,149063,149065,149067,149069,149071,149073,149075,149077,149079,149081,149083],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149064,8825],{"class":50},[44,149066,55],{"class":54},[44,149068,8896],{"class":80},[44,149070,2643],{"class":1675},[44,149072,2646],{"class":80},[44,149074,59],{"class":58},[44,149076,3741],{"class":62},[44,149078,362],{"class":58},[44,149080,2646],{"class":80},[44,149082,3577],{"class":3513},[44,149084,104],{"class":80},[44,149086,149087,149089,149091,149093],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,149088,95],{"class":94},[44,149090,98],{"class":80},[44,149092,8864],{"class":84},[44,149094,104],{"class":80},[20,149096,107],{},[35,149098,149100],{"className":37,"code":149099,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149101,149102],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149103,149104,149106,149108,149110,149112,149114,149116,149118,149120],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149105,98],{"class":80},[44,149107,2643],{"class":1675},[44,149109,2646],{"class":80},[44,149111,2955],{"class":58},[44,149113,3741],{"class":62},[44,149115,655],{"class":58},[44,149117,2646],{"class":80},[44,149119,3577],{"class":3513},[44,149121,104],{"class":80},[20,149123,149124,149125,81],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[243,149126,149128],{"href":149127},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[30,149130,149132],{"id":149131},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149134,149135],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[35,149137,149139],{"className":37,"code":149138,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149140,149141,149149,149159],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149142,149143,149145,149147],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149144,124504],{"class":50},[44,149146,55],{"class":54},[44,149148,148797],{"class":80},[44,149150,149151,149153,149155,149157],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,149152,95],{"class":94},[44,149154,98],{"class":80},[44,149156,124555],{"class":84},[44,149158,104],{"class":80},[44,149160,149161,149163,149165,149167,149169,149171],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,149162,95],{"class":94},[44,149164,98],{"class":80},[44,149166,2880],{"class":1461},[44,149168,98],{"class":80},[44,149170,124555],{"class":84},[44,149172,370],{"class":80},[20,149174,107],{},[35,149176,149178],{"className":37,"code":149177,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149179,149180,149184],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149181,149182],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149183,88],{"class":80},[44,149185,149186,149188,149190,149192,149194,149196],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,149187,2949],{"class":54},[44,149189,2952],{"class":1717},[44,149191,2955],{"class":58},[44,149193,48615],{"class":62},[44,149195,655],{"class":58},[44,149197,2962],{"class":54},[20,149199,149200],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149202,149203],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[139,149205,149206,149211],{},[142,149207,149208,149209],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149210,535],{},[142,149212,149213,149214],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149215,3448],{},[20,149217,149218,149219,81],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[243,149220,149221],{"href":56815},"Python list: creating a list",[30,149223,149225],{"id":149224},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149227,149228],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149230,149231,149232,149234],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[830,149233,832],{}," automatically a tuple:",[35,149236,149238],{"className":37,"code":149237,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149239,149240,149252,149262],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149241,149242,149244,149246,149248,149250],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149243,2099],{"class":50},[44,149245,55],{"class":54},[44,149247,8896],{"class":80},[44,149249,1789],{"class":1675},[44,149251,104],{"class":80},[44,149253,149254,149256,149258,149260],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,149255,95],{"class":94},[44,149257,98],{"class":80},[44,149259,2126],{"class":84},[44,149261,104],{"class":80},[44,149263,149264,149266,149268,149270,149272,149274],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,149265,95],{"class":94},[44,149267,98],{"class":80},[44,149269,2880],{"class":1461},[44,149271,98],{"class":80},[44,149273,2126],{"class":84},[44,149275,370],{"class":80},[20,149277,107],{},[35,149279,149281],{"className":37,"code":149280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149282,149283,149287],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149284,149285],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149286,2602],{"class":1675},[44,149288,149289,149291,149293,149295,149297,149299],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,149290,2949],{"class":54},[44,149292,2952],{"class":1717},[44,149294,2955],{"class":58},[44,149296,1840],{"class":62},[44,149298,655],{"class":58},[44,149300,2962],{"class":54},[20,149302,149303],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[35,149305,149307],{"className":37,"code":149306,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149308,149309,149321,149331],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149310,149311,149313,149315,149317,149319],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149312,148802],{"class":50},[44,149314,55],{"class":54},[44,149316,8896],{"class":80},[44,149318,1789],{"class":1675},[44,149320,148811],{"class":80},[44,149322,149323,149325,149327,149329],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,149324,95],{"class":94},[44,149326,98],{"class":80},[44,149328,148880],{"class":84},[44,149330,104],{"class":80},[44,149332,149333,149335,149337,149339,149341,149343],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,149334,95],{"class":94},[44,149336,98],{"class":80},[44,149338,2880],{"class":1461},[44,149340,98],{"class":80},[44,149342,148880],{"class":84},[44,149344,370],{"class":80},[20,149346,107],{},[35,149348,149350],{"className":37,"code":149349,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149351,149352,149360],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149353,149354,149356,149358],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149355,98],{"class":80},[44,149357,1789],{"class":1675},[44,149359,148811],{"class":80},[44,149361,149362,149364,149366,149368,149370,149372],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,149363,2949],{"class":54},[44,149365,2952],{"class":1717},[44,149367,2955],{"class":58},[44,149369,48615],{"class":62},[44,149371,655],{"class":58},[44,149373,2962],{"class":54},[20,149375,16320],{},[35,149377,149379],{"className":37,"code":149378,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149380,149381],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149382,149383,149385,149387,149389,149391],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149384,98],{"class":80},[44,149386,362],{"class":58},[44,149388,3741],{"class":62},[44,149390,362],{"class":58},[44,149392,148811],{"class":80},[20,149394,16308],{},[35,149396,149398],{"className":37,"code":149397,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149399,149400],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149401,149402,149404,149406,149408,149410],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149403,98],{"class":80},[44,149405,362],{"class":58},[44,149407,3741],{"class":62},[44,149409,362],{"class":58},[44,149411,104],{"class":80},[20,149413,149414],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[30,149416,149418],{"id":149417},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149420,149421],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[267,149423,56123],{"id":3308},[35,149425,149426],{"className":37,"code":148997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,149427,149428,149448],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149429,149430,149432,149434,149436,149438,149440,149442,149444,149446],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149431,3276],{"class":50},[44,149433,55],{"class":54},[44,149435,8896],{"class":80},[44,149437,2643],{"class":1675},[44,149439,2646],{"class":80},[44,149441,2649],{"class":1675},[44,149443,2646],{"class":80},[44,149445,2104],{"class":1675},[44,149447,104],{"class":80},[44,149449,149450,149452,149454,149456],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,149451,95],{"class":94},[44,149453,98],{"class":80},[44,149455,3308],{"class":84},[44,149457,104],{"class":80},[267,149459,56126],{"id":4972},[35,149461,149463],{"className":37,"code":149462,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149464,149465,149497],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149466,149467,149469,149471,149473,149475,149477,149479,149481,149483,149485,149487,149489,149491,149493,149495],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149468,12738],{"class":50},[44,149470,55],{"class":54},[44,149472,8896],{"class":80},[44,149474,362],{"class":58},[44,149476,12755],{"class":62},[44,149478,362],{"class":58},[44,149480,2646],{"class":80},[44,149482,59],{"class":58},[44,149484,17121],{"class":62},[44,149486,362],{"class":58},[44,149488,2646],{"class":80},[44,149490,59],{"class":58},[44,149492,12772],{"class":62},[44,149494,362],{"class":58},[44,149496,104],{"class":80},[44,149498,149499,149501,149503,149505],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,149500,95],{"class":94},[44,149502,98],{"class":80},[44,149504,17168],{"class":84},[44,149506,104],{"class":80},[267,149508,149510],{"id":149509},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[35,149512,149514],{"className":37,"code":149513,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149515,149516,149540],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149517,149518,149520,149522,149524,149526,149528,149530,149532,149534,149536,149538],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149519,59135],{"class":50},[44,149521,55],{"class":54},[44,149523,8896],{"class":80},[44,149525,2643],{"class":1675},[44,149527,2646],{"class":80},[44,149529,59],{"class":58},[44,149531,3741],{"class":62},[44,149533,362],{"class":58},[44,149535,2646],{"class":80},[44,149537,3577],{"class":3513},[44,149539,104],{"class":80},[44,149541,149542,149544,149546,149548],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,149543,95],{"class":94},[44,149545,98],{"class":80},[44,149547,59188],{"class":84},[44,149549,104],{"class":80},[267,149551,149553],{"id":149552},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,149555,149556],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[35,149558,149560],{"className":37,"code":149559,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,149561,149562,149603],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149563,149564,149567,149569,149571,149573,149575,149577,149579,149581,149583,149585,149587,149589,149591,149593,149595,149597,149599,149601],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149565,149566],{"class":50},"nested ",[44,149568,55],{"class":54},[44,149570,8896],{"class":80},[44,149572,2643],{"class":1675},[44,149574,2646],{"class":80},[44,149576,8896],{"class":80},[44,149578,362],{"class":58},[44,149580,243],{"class":62},[44,149582,362],{"class":58},[44,149584,2646],{"class":80},[44,149586,59],{"class":58},[44,149588,842],{"class":62},[44,149590,362],{"class":58},[44,149592,8893],{"class":80},[44,149594,3281],{"class":80},[44,149596,1982],{"class":1675},[44,149598,2646],{"class":80},[44,149600,7452],{"class":1675},[44,149602,3549],{"class":80},[44,149604,149605,149607,149609,149612],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,149606,95],{"class":94},[44,149608,98],{"class":80},[44,149610,149611],{"class":84},"nested",[44,149613,104],{"class":80},[20,149615,107],{},[35,149617,149619],{"className":37,"code":149618,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,149620,149621],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149622,149623,149625,149627,149629,149631,149633,149635,149637,149639,149641,149643,149645,149647,149649,149651,149653,149655],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149624,98],{"class":80},[44,149626,2643],{"class":1675},[44,149628,2646],{"class":80},[44,149630,8896],{"class":80},[44,149632,655],{"class":58},[44,149634,243],{"class":62},[44,149636,655],{"class":58},[44,149638,2646],{"class":80},[44,149640,2955],{"class":58},[44,149642,842],{"class":62},[44,149644,655],{"class":58},[44,149646,8893],{"class":80},[44,149648,3281],{"class":80},[44,149650,1982],{"class":1675},[44,149652,2646],{"class":80},[44,149654,7452],{"class":1675},[44,149656,3549],{"class":80},[30,149658,149660,149661],{"id":149659},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,149662,37712],{},[20,149664,149665,149666,149668],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,149667,37712],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,149670,149671,149672,81],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[243,149673,62881],{"href":62880},[267,149675,104907],{"id":104906},[35,149677,149679],{"className":37,"code":149678,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149680,149681,149703],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149682,149683,149685,149687,149689,149691,149693,149695,149697,149699,149701],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149684,3276],{"class":50},[44,149686,55],{"class":54},[44,149688,148821],{"class":1461},[44,149690,2640],{"class":80},[44,149692,2643],{"class":1675},[44,149694,2646],{"class":80},[44,149696,2649],{"class":1675},[44,149698,2646],{"class":80},[44,149700,2104],{"class":1675},[44,149702,3549],{"class":80},[44,149704,149705,149707,149709,149711],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,149706,95],{"class":94},[44,149708,98],{"class":80},[44,149710,3308],{"class":84},[44,149712,104],{"class":80},[20,149714,107],{},[35,149716,149717],{"className":37,"code":149034,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,149718,149719],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149720,149721,149723,149725,149727,149729,149731,149733],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149722,98],{"class":80},[44,149724,2643],{"class":1675},[44,149726,2646],{"class":80},[44,149728,2649],{"class":1675},[44,149730,2646],{"class":80},[44,149732,2104],{"class":1675},[44,149734,104],{"class":80},[267,149736,105093],{"id":105092},[35,149738,149740],{"className":37,"code":149739,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,149741,149742,149760],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149743,149744,149746,149748,149750,149752,149754,149756,149758],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149745,35755],{"class":50},[44,149747,55],{"class":54},[44,149749,148821],{"class":1461},[44,149751,98],{"class":80},[44,149753,362],{"class":58},[44,149755,804],{"class":62},[44,149757,362],{"class":58},[44,149759,104],{"class":80},[44,149761,149762,149764,149766,149768],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,149763,95],{"class":94},[44,149765,98],{"class":80},[44,149767,35808],{"class":84},[44,149769,104],{"class":80},[20,149771,107],{},[35,149773,149775],{"className":37,"code":149774,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149776,149777],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149778,149779,149781,149783,149785,149787,149789,149791,149793,149795,149797,149799,149801,149803],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149780,98],{"class":80},[44,149782,655],{"class":58},[44,149784,243],{"class":62},[44,149786,655],{"class":58},[44,149788,2646],{"class":80},[44,149790,2955],{"class":58},[44,149792,842],{"class":62},[44,149794,655],{"class":58},[44,149796,2646],{"class":80},[44,149798,2955],{"class":58},[44,149800,846],{"class":62},[44,149802,655],{"class":58},[44,149804,104],{"class":80},[20,149806,149807],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[267,149809,149811],{"id":149810},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[35,149813,149815],{"className":37,"code":149814,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,149816,149817,149835],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149818,149819,149821,149823,149825,149827,149829,149831,149833],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149820,3484],{"class":50},[44,149822,55],{"class":54},[44,149824,148821],{"class":1461},[44,149826,98],{"class":80},[44,149828,59661],{"class":94},[44,149830,98],{"class":80},[44,149832,2158],{"class":1675},[44,149834,370],{"class":80},[44,149836,149837,149839,149841,149843],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,149838,95],{"class":94},[44,149840,98],{"class":80},[44,149842,5022],{"class":84},[44,149844,104],{"class":80},[20,149846,107],{},[35,149848,149850],{"className":37,"code":149849,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149851,149852],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149853,149854,149856,149858,149860,149862,149864,149866,149868,149870],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149855,98],{"class":80},[44,149857,1772],{"class":1675},[44,149859,2646],{"class":80},[44,149861,5162],{"class":1675},[44,149863,2646],{"class":80},[44,149865,2649],{"class":1675},[44,149867,2646],{"class":80},[44,149869,2104],{"class":1675},[44,149871,104],{"class":80},[20,149873,149874],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[30,149876,20468],{"id":20467},[139,149878,149879,149882,149885,149888],{},[142,149880,149881],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[142,149883,149884],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[142,149886,149887],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[142,149889,149890],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,149892,149893,149894,81],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[243,149895,149897],{"href":149896},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[30,149899,1238],{"id":1237},[20,149901,149902],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[267,149904,149906],{"id":149905},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,149908,149909],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[35,149911,149913],{"className":37,"code":149912,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,149914,149915,149931],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149916,149917,149919,149921,149923,149925,149927,149929],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149918,28206],{"class":50},[44,149920,55],{"class":54},[44,149922,8896],{"class":80},[44,149924,362],{"class":58},[44,149926,3741],{"class":62},[44,149928,362],{"class":58},[44,149930,104],{"class":80},[44,149932,149933,149935,149937,149939,149941,149943],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,149934,95],{"class":94},[44,149936,98],{"class":80},[44,149938,2880],{"class":1461},[44,149940,98],{"class":80},[44,149942,22978],{"class":84},[44,149944,370],{"class":80},[20,149946,149947],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[35,149949,149951],{"className":37,"code":149950,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,149952,149953,149969],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149954,149955,149957,149959,149961,149963,149965,149967],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149956,28206],{"class":50},[44,149958,55],{"class":54},[44,149960,8896],{"class":80},[44,149962,362],{"class":58},[44,149964,3741],{"class":62},[44,149966,362],{"class":58},[44,149968,148811],{"class":80},[44,149970,149971,149973,149975,149977,149979,149981],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,149972,95],{"class":94},[44,149974,98],{"class":80},[44,149976,2880],{"class":1461},[44,149978,98],{"class":80},[44,149980,22978],{"class":84},[44,149982,370],{"class":80},[267,149984,149986],{"id":149985},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,149988,149989],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[35,149991,149993],{"className":37,"code":149992,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,149994,149995,150015],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149996,149997,149999,150001,150003,150005,150007,150009,150011,150013],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149998,3484],{"class":50},[44,150000,55],{"class":54},[44,150002,3281],{"class":80},[44,150004,2643],{"class":1675},[44,150006,2646],{"class":80},[44,150008,2649],{"class":1675},[44,150010,2646],{"class":80},[44,150012,2104],{"class":1675},[44,150014,3294],{"class":80},[44,150016,150017,150019,150021,150023,150025,150027],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,150018,95],{"class":94},[44,150020,98],{"class":80},[44,150022,2880],{"class":1461},[44,150024,98],{"class":80},[44,150026,5022],{"class":84},[44,150028,370],{"class":80},[20,150030,150031],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[35,150033,150035],{"className":37,"code":150034,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150036,150037,150057],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150038,150039,150041,150043,150045,150047,150049,150051,150053,150055],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150040,3484],{"class":50},[44,150042,55],{"class":54},[44,150044,8896],{"class":80},[44,150046,2643],{"class":1675},[44,150048,2646],{"class":80},[44,150050,2649],{"class":1675},[44,150052,2646],{"class":80},[44,150054,2104],{"class":1675},[44,150056,104],{"class":80},[44,150058,150059,150061,150063,150065,150067,150069],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,150060,95],{"class":94},[44,150062,98],{"class":80},[44,150064,2880],{"class":1461},[44,150066,98],{"class":80},[44,150068,5022],{"class":84},[44,150070,370],{"class":80},[267,150072,150074],{"id":150073},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150076,149887],{},[35,150078,150080],{"className":37,"code":150079,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150081,150082,150102],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150083,150084,150086,150088,150090,150092,150094,150096,150098,150100],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150085,3276],{"class":50},[44,150087,55],{"class":54},[44,150089,8896],{"class":80},[44,150091,2643],{"class":1675},[44,150093,2646],{"class":80},[44,150095,2649],{"class":1675},[44,150097,2646],{"class":80},[44,150099,2104],{"class":1675},[44,150101,104],{"class":80},[44,150103,150104],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,150105,150106],{"class":3324},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150108,150109],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[267,150111,36869,150113,150116],{"id":150112},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150114,150115],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150118,64306],{},[35,150120,150121],{"className":37,"code":149739,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,150122,150123,150141],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150124,150125,150127,150129,150131,150133,150135,150137,150139],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150126,35755],{"class":50},[44,150128,55],{"class":54},[44,150130,148821],{"class":1461},[44,150132,98],{"class":80},[44,150134,362],{"class":58},[44,150136,804],{"class":62},[44,150138,362],{"class":58},[44,150140,104],{"class":80},[44,150142,150143,150145,150147,150149],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,150144,95],{"class":94},[44,150146,98],{"class":80},[44,150148,35808],{"class":84},[44,150150,104],{"class":80},[20,150152,150153],{},"gives:",[35,150155,150156],{"className":37,"code":149774,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,150157,150158],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150159,150160,150162,150164,150166,150168,150170,150172,150174,150176,150178,150180,150182,150184],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150161,98],{"class":80},[44,150163,655],{"class":58},[44,150165,243],{"class":62},[44,150167,655],{"class":58},[44,150169,2646],{"class":80},[44,150171,2955],{"class":58},[44,150173,842],{"class":62},[44,150175,655],{"class":58},[44,150177,2646],{"class":80},[44,150179,2955],{"class":58},[44,150181,846],{"class":62},[44,150183,655],{"class":58},[44,150185,104],{"class":80},[20,150187,150188],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[35,150190,150192],{"className":37,"code":150191,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150193,150194,150210],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150195,150196,150198,150200,150202,150204,150206,150208],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150197,5820],{"class":50},[44,150199,55],{"class":54},[44,150201,8896],{"class":80},[44,150203,362],{"class":58},[44,150205,804],{"class":62},[44,150207,362],{"class":58},[44,150209,148811],{"class":80},[44,150211,150212,150214,150216,150218],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,150213,95],{"class":94},[44,150215,98],{"class":80},[44,150217,38057],{"class":84},[44,150219,104],{"class":80},[20,150221,107],{},[35,150223,150225],{"className":37,"code":150224,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('abc',)\n",[15,150226,150227],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150228,150229,150231,150233,150235,150237],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150230,98],{"class":80},[44,150232,655],{"class":58},[44,150234,804],{"class":62},[44,150236,655],{"class":58},[44,150238,148811],{"class":80},[267,150240,150242],{"id":150241},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150244,150245],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[35,150247,150249],{"className":37,"code":150248,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150250,150251,150268,150272,150282,150296],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150252,150253,150256,150258,150260,150262,150264,150266],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150254,150255],{"class":50},"my_tuple ",[44,150257,55],{"class":54},[44,150259,8896],{"class":80},[44,150261,362],{"class":58},[44,150263,3741],{"class":62},[44,150265,362],{"class":58},[44,150267,148811],{"class":80},[44,150269,150270],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,150271,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,150273,150274,150276,150278,150280],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,150275,95],{"class":94},[44,150277,98],{"class":80},[44,150279,147473],{"class":84},[44,150281,104],{"class":80},[44,150283,150284,150286,150288,150290,150292,150294],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,150285,95],{"class":94},[44,150287,98],{"class":80},[44,150289,2880],{"class":1461},[44,150291,98],{"class":80},[44,150293,147473],{"class":84},[44,150295,370],{"class":80},[44,150297,150298,150300,150302,150304,150306,150308],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,150299,95],{"class":94},[44,150301,98],{"class":80},[44,150303,10822],{"class":94},[44,150305,98],{"class":80},[44,150307,147473],{"class":84},[44,150309,370],{"class":80},[30,150311,1478],{"id":1477},[267,150313,150315],{"id":150314},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150317,150318,150319,150322],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150320,150321],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[267,150324,150326],{"id":150325},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150328,150329],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[267,150331,150333],{"id":150332},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150335,150336],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[267,150338,150340],{"id":150339},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150342,150343],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[267,150345,1504,150347,12378],{"id":150346},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150348,150115],{},[20,150350,4810,150351,150354],{},[15,150352,150353],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[30,150356,1545],{"id":1544},[139,150358,150359,150363,150367,150373,150378,150383,150387],{},[142,150360,150361],{},[243,150362,147455],{"href":147454},[142,150364,150365],{},[243,150366,149128],{"href":149127},[142,150368,150369],{},[243,150370,150372],{"href":150371},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[142,150374,150375],{},[243,150376,150377],{"href":148693},"Python tuple length with len()",[142,150379,150380],{},[243,150381,150382],{"href":148758},"What is a tuple in Python?",[142,150384,150385],{},[243,150386,62881],{"href":62880},[142,150388,150389],{},[243,150390,150391],{"href":149896},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1577,150393,150394],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":150396},[150397,150398,150399,150400,150401,150402,150408,150414,150415,150423,150431],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":14825,"depth":69,"text":14826},{"id":148987,"depth":69,"text":148988},{"id":149131,"depth":69,"text":149132},{"id":149224,"depth":69,"text":149225},{"id":149417,"depth":69,"text":149418,"children":150403},[150404,150405,150406,150407],{"id":3308,"depth":91,"text":56123},{"id":4972,"depth":91,"text":56126},{"id":149509,"depth":91,"text":149510},{"id":149552,"depth":91,"text":149553},{"id":149659,"depth":69,"text":150409,"children":150410},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150411,150412,150413],{"id":104906,"depth":91,"text":104907},{"id":105092,"depth":91,"text":105093},{"id":149810,"depth":91,"text":149811},{"id":20467,"depth":69,"text":20468},{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238,"children":150416},[150417,150418,150419,150420,150422],{"id":149905,"depth":91,"text":149906},{"id":149985,"depth":91,"text":149986},{"id":150073,"depth":91,"text":150074},{"id":150112,"depth":91,"text":150421},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150241,"depth":91,"text":150242},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":150424},[150425,150426,150427,150428,150429],{"id":150314,"depth":91,"text":150315},{"id":150325,"depth":91,"text":150326},{"id":150332,"depth":91,"text":150333},{"id":150339,"depth":91,"text":150340},{"id":150346,"depth":91,"text":150430},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":148744,"description":150432},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150439,"title":150440,"body":150441,"description":151986,"extension":1611,"meta":151987,"navigation":184,"path":151988,"seo":151989,"stem":151990,"__hash__":151991},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150442,"toc":151956},[150443,150446,150451,150453,150466,150472,150474,150541,150543,150578,150583,150587,150591,150593,150604,150612,150614,150616,150637,150639,150659,150662,150664,150669,150712,150714,150736,150739,150752,150756,150760,150763,150816,150818,150839,150844,150848,150851,150896,150898,150931,150943,150947,150955,150992,150994,151023,151027,151030,151083,151085,151105,151112,151116,151121,151190,151192,151217,151221,151224,151230,151307,151309,151368,151370,151382,151387,151391,151395,151409,151411,151446,151448,151465,151468,151481,151485,151489,151500,151505,151520,151523,151526,151528,151531,151535,151537,151551,151553,151577,151582,151586,151589,151608,151611,151660,151665,151682,151685,151718,151722,151724,151775,151778,151803,151806,151829,151833,151839,151841,151876,151879,151884,151886,151890,151893,151897,151902,151906,151909,151913,151916,151920,151925,151927,151953],[10,150444,150440],{"id":150445},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150447,8782,150448,150450],{},[15,150449,37712],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150452,82252],{},[139,150454,150455,150460],{},[142,150456,150457,150459],{},[15,150458,37712],{}," creates an empty tuple",[142,150461,150462,150465],{},[15,150463,150464],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150467,150468,150469,150471],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150470,37712],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[30,150473,1653],{"id":1652},[35,150475,150477],{"className":37,"code":150476,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150478,150479,150499,150513,150517,150527],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150480,150481,150483,150485,150487,150489,150491,150493,150495,150497],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150482,3276],{"class":50},[44,150484,55],{"class":54},[44,150486,3281],{"class":80},[44,150488,2643],{"class":1675},[44,150490,2646],{"class":80},[44,150492,2649],{"class":1675},[44,150494,2646],{"class":80},[44,150496,2104],{"class":1675},[44,150498,3294],{"class":80},[44,150500,150501,150503,150505,150507,150509,150511],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,150502,1880],{"class":50},[44,150504,55],{"class":54},[44,150506,148821],{"class":1461},[44,150508,98],{"class":80},[44,150510,3308],{"class":84},[44,150512,104],{"class":80},[44,150514,150515],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,150516,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,150518,150519,150521,150523,150525],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,150520,95],{"class":94},[44,150522,98],{"class":80},[44,150524,1915],{"class":84},[44,150526,104],{"class":80},[44,150528,150529,150531,150533,150535,150537,150539],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,150530,95],{"class":94},[44,150532,98],{"class":80},[44,150534,2880],{"class":1461},[44,150536,98],{"class":80},[44,150538,1915],{"class":84},[44,150540,370],{"class":80},[20,150542,107],{},[35,150544,150546],{"className":37,"code":150545,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150547,150548,150564],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150549,150550,150552,150554,150556,150558,150560,150562],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150551,98],{"class":80},[44,150553,2643],{"class":1675},[44,150555,2646],{"class":80},[44,150557,2649],{"class":1675},[44,150559,2646],{"class":80},[44,150561,2104],{"class":1675},[44,150563,104],{"class":80},[44,150565,150566,150568,150570,150572,150574,150576],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,150567,2949],{"class":54},[44,150569,2952],{"class":1717},[44,150571,2955],{"class":58},[44,150573,48615],{"class":62},[44,150575,655],{"class":58},[44,150577,2962],{"class":54},[20,150579,119,150580,150582],{},[15,150581,150464],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[30,150584,150586],{"id":150585},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,150588,150589,62589],{},[15,150590,37712],{},[20,150592,48589],{},[139,150594,150595,150598,150601],{},[142,150596,150597],{},"creates a tuple object",[142,150599,150600],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[142,150602,150603],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,150605,150606,150607,150609,150610,81],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[243,150608,148759],{"href":148758}," or the full guide to ",[243,150611,147455],{"href":147454},[30,150613,250],{"id":249},[20,150615,253],{},[35,150617,150619],{"className":37,"code":150618,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,150620,150621,150627],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150622,150623,150625],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150624,48615],{"class":1461},[44,150626,88],{"class":80},[44,150628,150629,150631,150633,150635],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,150630,48615],{"class":1461},[44,150632,98],{"class":80},[44,150634,3381],{"class":84},[44,150636,104],{"class":80},[20,150638,11119],{},[139,150640,150641,150644],{},[142,150642,150643],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[142,150645,150646,150647],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[139,150648,150649,150651,150653,150655,150657],{},[142,150650,4963],{},[142,150652,4972],{},[142,150654,62660],{},[142,150656,4969],{},[142,150658,6913],{},[20,150660,150661],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[30,150663,149132],{"id":149131},[20,150665,29318,150666,150668],{},[15,150667,37712],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[35,150670,150672],{"className":37,"code":150671,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,150673,150674,150684,150688,150698],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150675,150676,150678,150680,150682],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150677,124504],{"class":50},[44,150679,55],{"class":54},[44,150681,148821],{"class":1461},[44,150683,88],{"class":80},[44,150685,150686],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,150687,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,150689,150690,150692,150694,150696],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,150691,95],{"class":94},[44,150693,98],{"class":80},[44,150695,124555],{"class":84},[44,150697,104],{"class":80},[44,150699,150700,150702,150704,150706,150708,150710],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,150701,95],{"class":94},[44,150703,98],{"class":80},[44,150705,2880],{"class":1461},[44,150707,98],{"class":80},[44,150709,124555],{"class":84},[44,150711,370],{"class":80},[20,150713,107],{},[35,150715,150716],{"className":37,"code":149177,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,150717,150718,150722],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150719,150720],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150721,88],{"class":80},[44,150723,150724,150726,150728,150730,150732,150734],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,150725,2949],{"class":54},[44,150727,2952],{"class":1717},[44,150729,2955],{"class":58},[44,150731,48615],{"class":62},[44,150733,655],{"class":58},[44,150735,2962],{"class":54},[20,150737,150738],{},"This is equivalent to:",[35,150740,150742],{"className":37,"code":150741,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty = ()\n",[15,150743,150744],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150745,150746,150748,150750],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150747,124504],{"class":50},[44,150749,55],{"class":54},[44,150751,148797],{"class":80},[30,150753,150755],{"id":150754},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[267,150757,150759],{"id":150758},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,150761,150762],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[35,150764,150766],{"className":37,"code":150765,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150767,150768,150788,150802,150806],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150769,150770,150772,150774,150776,150778,150780,150782,150784,150786],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150771,3276],{"class":50},[44,150773,55],{"class":54},[44,150775,3281],{"class":80},[44,150777,1982],{"class":1675},[44,150779,2646],{"class":80},[44,150781,7452],{"class":1675},[44,150783,2646],{"class":80},[44,150785,7457],{"class":1675},[44,150787,3294],{"class":80},[44,150789,150790,150792,150794,150796,150798,150800],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,150791,1880],{"class":50},[44,150793,55],{"class":54},[44,150795,148821],{"class":1461},[44,150797,98],{"class":80},[44,150799,3308],{"class":84},[44,150801,104],{"class":80},[44,150803,150804],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,150805,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,150807,150808,150810,150812,150814],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,150809,95],{"class":94},[44,150811,98],{"class":80},[44,150813,1915],{"class":84},[44,150815,104],{"class":80},[20,150817,107],{},[35,150819,150821],{"className":37,"code":150820,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,150822,150823],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150824,150825,150827,150829,150831,150833,150835,150837],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150826,98],{"class":80},[44,150828,1982],{"class":1675},[44,150830,2646],{"class":80},[44,150832,7452],{"class":1675},[44,150834,2646],{"class":80},[44,150836,7457],{"class":1675},[44,150838,104],{"class":80},[20,150840,150841,150842,81],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[243,150843,104712],{"href":59718},[267,150845,150847],{"id":150846},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,150849,150850],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[35,150852,150854],{"className":37,"code":150853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150855,150856,150868,150882,150886],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150857,150858,150860,150862,150864,150866],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150859,51],{"class":50},[44,150861,55],{"class":54},[44,150863,59],{"class":58},[44,150865,36712],{"class":62},[44,150867,66],{"class":58},[44,150869,150870,150872,150874,150876,150878,150880],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,150871,1880],{"class":50},[44,150873,55],{"class":54},[44,150875,148821],{"class":1461},[44,150877,98],{"class":80},[44,150879,194],{"class":84},[44,150881,104],{"class":80},[44,150883,150884],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,150885,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,150887,150888,150890,150892,150894],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,150889,95],{"class":94},[44,150891,98],{"class":80},[44,150893,1915],{"class":84},[44,150895,104],{"class":80},[20,150897,107],{},[35,150899,150901],{"className":37,"code":150900,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,150902,150903],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150904,150905,150907,150909,150911,150913,150915,150917,150919,150921,150923,150925,150927,150929],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150906,98],{"class":80},[44,150908,655],{"class":58},[44,150910,846],{"class":62},[44,150912,655],{"class":58},[44,150914,2646],{"class":80},[44,150916,2955],{"class":58},[44,150918,243],{"class":62},[44,150920,655],{"class":58},[44,150922,2646],{"class":80},[44,150924,2955],{"class":58},[44,150926,1107],{"class":62},[44,150928,655],{"class":58},[44,150930,104],{"class":80},[20,150932,150933,150934,828,150937,150939,150940,81],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,150935,150936],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[830,150938,832],{}," create ",[15,150941,150942],{},"('cat',)",[267,150944,150946],{"id":150945},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,150948,150949,150951,150952,150954],{},[15,150950,35863],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,150953,37712],{}," collects them all.",[35,150956,150958],{"className":37,"code":150957,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150959,150960,150978,150982],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150961,150962,150964,150966,150968,150970,150972,150974,150976],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150963,1880],{"class":50},[44,150965,55],{"class":54},[44,150967,148821],{"class":1461},[44,150969,98],{"class":80},[44,150971,59661],{"class":94},[44,150973,98],{"class":80},[44,150975,1789],{"class":1675},[44,150977,370],{"class":80},[44,150979,150980],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,150981,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,150983,150984,150986,150988,150990],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,150985,95],{"class":94},[44,150987,98],{"class":80},[44,150989,1915],{"class":84},[44,150991,104],{"class":80},[20,150993,107],{},[35,150995,150997],{"className":37,"code":150996,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,150998,150999],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151000,151001,151003,151005,151007,151009,151011,151013,151015,151017,151019,151021],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151002,98],{"class":80},[44,151004,1772],{"class":1675},[44,151006,2646],{"class":80},[44,151008,5162],{"class":1675},[44,151010,2646],{"class":80},[44,151012,2649],{"class":1675},[44,151014,2646],{"class":80},[44,151016,2104],{"class":1675},[44,151018,2646],{"class":80},[44,151020,2110],{"class":1675},[44,151022,104],{"class":80},[267,151024,151026],{"id":151025},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151028,151029],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[35,151031,151033],{"className":37,"code":151032,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151034,151035,151055,151069,151073],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151036,151037,151039,151041,151043,151045,151047,151049,151051,151053],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151038,3484],{"class":50},[44,151040,55],{"class":54},[44,151042,10151],{"class":80},[44,151044,2643],{"class":1675},[44,151046,2646],{"class":80},[44,151048,2649],{"class":1675},[44,151050,2646],{"class":80},[44,151052,2104],{"class":1675},[44,151054,8969],{"class":80},[44,151056,151057,151059,151061,151063,151065,151067],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,151058,1880],{"class":50},[44,151060,55],{"class":54},[44,151062,148821],{"class":1461},[44,151064,98],{"class":80},[44,151066,5022],{"class":84},[44,151068,104],{"class":80},[44,151070,151071],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,151072,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,151074,151075,151077,151079,151081],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,151076,95],{"class":94},[44,151078,98],{"class":80},[44,151080,1915],{"class":84},[44,151082,104],{"class":80},[20,151084,107],{},[35,151086,151087],{"className":37,"code":149034,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,151088,151089],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151090,151091,151093,151095,151097,151099,151101,151103],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151092,98],{"class":80},[44,151094,2643],{"class":1675},[44,151096,2646],{"class":80},[44,151098,2649],{"class":1675},[44,151100,2646],{"class":80},[44,151102,2104],{"class":1675},[44,151104,104],{"class":80},[20,151106,151107,151108,81],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[243,151109,151111],{"href":151110},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[267,151113,151115],{"id":151114},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151117,63202,151118,151120],{},[15,151119,37712],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[35,151122,151124],{"className":37,"code":151123,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151125,151126,151162,151176,151180],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151127,151128,151130,151132,151134,151136,151138,151140,151142,151144,151146,151148,151150,151152,151154,151156,151158,151160],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151129,12867],{"class":50},[44,151131,55],{"class":54},[44,151133,10151],{"class":80},[44,151135,362],{"class":58},[44,151137,302],{"class":62},[44,151139,362],{"class":58},[44,151141,2539],{"class":80},[44,151143,59],{"class":58},[44,151145,12543],{"class":62},[44,151147,362],{"class":58},[44,151149,2646],{"class":80},[44,151151,59],{"class":58},[44,151153,8959],{"class":62},[44,151155,362],{"class":58},[44,151157,2539],{"class":80},[44,151159,8966],{"class":1675},[44,151161,8969],{"class":80},[44,151163,151164,151166,151168,151170,151172,151174],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,151165,1880],{"class":50},[44,151167,55],{"class":54},[44,151169,148821],{"class":1461},[44,151171,98],{"class":80},[44,151173,16972],{"class":84},[44,151175,104],{"class":80},[44,151177,151178],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,151179,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,151181,151182,151184,151186,151188],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,151183,95],{"class":94},[44,151185,98],{"class":80},[44,151187,1915],{"class":84},[44,151189,104],{"class":80},[20,151191,29697],{},[35,151193,151195],{"className":37,"code":151194,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151196,151197],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151198,151199,151201,151203,151205,151207,151209,151211,151213,151215],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151200,98],{"class":80},[44,151202,655],{"class":58},[44,151204,302],{"class":62},[44,151206,655],{"class":58},[44,151208,2646],{"class":80},[44,151210,2955],{"class":58},[44,151212,8959],{"class":62},[44,151214,655],{"class":58},[44,151216,104],{"class":80},[30,151218,151220],{"id":151219},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151222,151223],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151225,151226,151229],{},[15,151227,151228],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[35,151231,151233],{"className":37,"code":151232,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151234,151235,151271,151275,151289],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151236,151237,151239,151241,151243,151245,151247,151249,151251,151253,151255,151257,151259,151261,151263,151265,151267,151269],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151238,12867],{"class":50},[44,151240,55],{"class":54},[44,151242,10151],{"class":80},[44,151244,362],{"class":58},[44,151246,302],{"class":62},[44,151248,362],{"class":58},[44,151250,2539],{"class":80},[44,151252,59],{"class":58},[44,151254,12543],{"class":62},[44,151256,362],{"class":58},[44,151258,2646],{"class":80},[44,151260,59],{"class":58},[44,151262,8959],{"class":62},[44,151264,362],{"class":58},[44,151266,2539],{"class":80},[44,151268,8966],{"class":1675},[44,151270,8969],{"class":80},[44,151272,151273],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,151274,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,151276,151277,151279,151281,151283,151285,151287],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,151278,95],{"class":94},[44,151280,98],{"class":80},[44,151282,48615],{"class":1461},[44,151284,98],{"class":80},[44,151286,16972],{"class":84},[44,151288,370],{"class":80},[44,151290,151291,151293,151295,151297,151299,151301,151303,151305],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,151292,95],{"class":94},[44,151294,98],{"class":80},[44,151296,48615],{"class":1461},[44,151298,98],{"class":80},[44,151300,16972],{"class":84},[44,151302,81],{"class":80},[44,151304,7472],{"class":84},[44,151306,642],{"class":80},[20,151308,107],{},[35,151310,151312],{"className":37,"code":151311,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151313,151314,151334],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151315,151316,151318,151320,151322,151324,151326,151328,151330,151332],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151317,98],{"class":80},[44,151319,655],{"class":58},[44,151321,302],{"class":62},[44,151323,655],{"class":58},[44,151325,2646],{"class":80},[44,151327,2955],{"class":58},[44,151329,8959],{"class":62},[44,151331,655],{"class":58},[44,151333,104],{"class":80},[44,151335,151336,151338,151340,151342,151344,151346,151348,151350,151352,151354,151356,151358,151360,151362,151364,151366],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,151337,5175],{"class":80},[44,151339,655],{"class":58},[44,151341,302],{"class":62},[44,151343,655],{"class":58},[44,151345,2646],{"class":80},[44,151347,2955],{"class":58},[44,151349,12543],{"class":62},[44,151351,655],{"class":58},[44,151353,8893],{"class":80},[44,151355,8896],{"class":80},[44,151357,655],{"class":58},[44,151359,8959],{"class":62},[44,151361,655],{"class":58},[44,151363,2646],{"class":80},[44,151365,8966],{"class":1675},[44,151367,370],{"class":80},[20,151369,18361],{},[139,151371,151372,151377],{},[142,151373,151374,151376],{},[15,151375,151228],{}," for keys",[142,151378,151379,32223],{},[15,151380,151381],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151383,151384,151385,81],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[243,151386,63212],{"href":63211},[30,151388,151390],{"id":151389},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151392,151393,17985],{},[15,151394,37712],{},[139,151396,151397,151400,151403,151406],{},[142,151398,151399],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[142,151401,151402],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[142,151404,151405],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[142,151407,151408],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151410,161],{},[35,151412,151414],{"className":37,"code":151413,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151415,151416,151435],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151417,151418,151421,151423,151425,151427,151429,151431,151433],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151419,151420],{"class":50},"coordinates ",[44,151422,55],{"class":54},[44,151424,148821],{"class":1461},[44,151426,2640],{"class":80},[44,151428,2158],{"class":1675},[44,151430,2646],{"class":80},[44,151432,5659],{"class":1675},[44,151434,3549],{"class":80},[44,151436,151437,151439,151441,151444],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,151438,95],{"class":94},[44,151440,98],{"class":80},[44,151442,151443],{"class":84},"coordinates",[44,151445,104],{"class":80},[20,151447,107],{},[35,151449,151451],{"className":37,"code":151450,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151452,151453],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151454,151455,151457,151459,151461,151463],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151456,98],{"class":80},[44,151458,2158],{"class":1675},[44,151460,2646],{"class":80},[44,151462,5659],{"class":1675},[44,151464,104],{"class":80},[20,151466,151467],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[139,151469,151470,151472,151475,151478],{},[142,151471,151443],{},[142,151473,151474],{},"RGB colors",[142,151476,151477],{},"dates",[142,151479,151480],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[30,151482,151484],{"id":151483},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151486,44091,151487,10261],{},[15,151488,37712],{},[139,151490,151491,151494,151497],{},[142,151492,151493],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[142,151495,151496],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[142,151498,151499],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151501,116137,151502,151504],{},[830,151503,832],{}," work:",[35,151506,151508],{"className":37,"code":151507,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151509,151510],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151511,151512,151514,151516,151518],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151513,48615],{"class":1461},[44,151515,98],{"class":80},[44,151517,1789],{"class":1675},[44,151519,104],{"class":80},[20,151521,151522],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151524,151525],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[30,151527,114975],{"id":114974},[20,151529,151530],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[267,151532,151534],{"id":151533},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,151536,2490],{},[35,151538,151539],{"className":37,"code":151507,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,151540,151541],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151542,151543,151545,151547,151549],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151544,48615],{"class":1461},[44,151546,98],{"class":80},[44,151548,1789],{"class":1675},[44,151550,104],{"class":80},[20,151552,29349],{},[35,151554,151555],{"className":37,"code":63316,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,151556,151557],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151558,151559,151561,151563,151565,151567,151569,151571,151573,151575],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151560,2662],{"class":1461},[44,151562,2539],{"class":80},[44,151564,2955],{"class":58},[44,151566,1840],{"class":62},[44,151568,655],{"class":58},[44,151570,24285],{"class":1461},[44,151572,7757],{"class":54},[44,151574,7760],{"class":54},[44,151576,63339],{"class":50},[20,151578,151579,151580,81],{},"If you see this, read ",[243,151581,61954],{"href":52261},[267,151583,151585],{"id":151584},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,151587,151588],{},"This code:",[35,151590,151592],{"className":37,"code":151591,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,151593,151594],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151595,151596,151598,151600,151602,151604,151606],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151597,48615],{"class":1461},[44,151599,98],{"class":80},[44,151601,362],{"class":58},[44,151603,986],{"class":62},[44,151605,362],{"class":58},[44,151607,104],{"class":80},[20,151609,151610],{},"returns:",[35,151612,151614],{"className":37,"code":151613,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,151615,151616],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151617,151618,151620,151622,151624,151626,151628,151630,151632,151634,151636,151638,151640,151642,151644,151646,151648,151650,151652,151654,151656,151658],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151619,98],{"class":80},[44,151621,655],{"class":58},[44,151623,60101],{"class":62},[44,151625,655],{"class":58},[44,151627,2646],{"class":80},[44,151629,2955],{"class":58},[44,151631,60110],{"class":62},[44,151633,655],{"class":58},[44,151635,2646],{"class":80},[44,151637,2955],{"class":58},[44,151639,60119],{"class":62},[44,151641,655],{"class":58},[44,151643,2646],{"class":80},[44,151645,2955],{"class":58},[44,151647,60119],{"class":62},[44,151649,655],{"class":58},[44,151651,2646],{"class":80},[44,151653,2955],{"class":58},[44,151655,60136],{"class":62},[44,151657,655],{"class":58},[44,151659,104],{"class":80},[20,151661,40573,151662,151664],{},[830,151663,832],{}," return:",[35,151666,151668],{"className":37,"code":151667,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('hello',)\n",[15,151669,151670],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151671,151672,151674,151676,151678,151680],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151673,98],{"class":80},[44,151675,655],{"class":58},[44,151677,986],{"class":62},[44,151679,655],{"class":58},[44,151681,148811],{"class":80},[20,151683,151684],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[35,151686,151688],{"className":37,"code":151687,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,151689,151690,151707],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151691,151692,151695,151697,151699,151701,151703,151705],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151693,151694],{"class":50},"single ",[44,151696,55],{"class":54},[44,151698,8896],{"class":80},[44,151700,362],{"class":58},[44,151702,986],{"class":62},[44,151704,362],{"class":58},[44,151706,148811],{"class":80},[44,151708,151709,151711,151713,151716],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,151710,95],{"class":94},[44,151712,98],{"class":80},[44,151714,151715],{"class":84},"single",[44,151717,104],{"class":80},[267,151719,151721],{"id":151720},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,151723,151588],{},[35,151725,151727],{"className":37,"code":151726,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,151728,151729,151761],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151730,151731,151733,151735,151737,151739,151741,151743,151745,151747,151749,151751,151753,151755,151757,151759],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151732,8825],{"class":50},[44,151734,55],{"class":54},[44,151736,10151],{"class":80},[44,151738,362],{"class":58},[44,151740,243],{"class":62},[44,151742,362],{"class":58},[44,151744,2539],{"class":80},[44,151746,5162],{"class":1675},[44,151748,2646],{"class":80},[44,151750,59],{"class":58},[44,151752,842],{"class":62},[44,151754,362],{"class":58},[44,151756,2539],{"class":80},[44,151758,2649],{"class":1675},[44,151760,8969],{"class":80},[44,151762,151763,151765,151767,151769,151771,151773],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,151764,95],{"class":94},[44,151766,98],{"class":80},[44,151768,48615],{"class":1461},[44,151770,98],{"class":80},[44,151772,8864],{"class":84},[44,151774,370],{"class":80},[20,151776,151777],{},"returns only the keys:",[35,151779,151781],{"className":37,"code":151780,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,151782,151783],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151784,151785,151787,151789,151791,151793,151795,151797,151799,151801],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151786,98],{"class":80},[44,151788,655],{"class":58},[44,151790,243],{"class":62},[44,151792,655],{"class":58},[44,151794,2646],{"class":80},[44,151796,2955],{"class":58},[44,151798,842],{"class":62},[44,151800,655],{"class":58},[44,151802,104],{"class":80},[20,151804,151805],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[35,151807,151809],{"className":37,"code":151808,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,151810,151811],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151812,151813,151815,151817,151819,151821,151823,151825,151827],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151814,95],{"class":94},[44,151816,98],{"class":80},[44,151818,48615],{"class":1461},[44,151820,98],{"class":80},[44,151822,8864],{"class":84},[44,151824,81],{"class":80},[44,151826,7472],{"class":84},[44,151828,642],{"class":80},[267,151830,151832],{"id":151831},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,151834,151835,151836,151838],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,151837,37712],{}," conversion.",[20,151840,5136],{},[35,151842,151844],{"className":37,"code":151843,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,151845,151846,151866],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151847,151848,151850,151852,151854,151856,151858,151860,151862,151864],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151849,2099],{"class":50},[44,151851,55],{"class":54},[44,151853,8896],{"class":80},[44,151855,2643],{"class":1675},[44,151857,2646],{"class":80},[44,151859,2649],{"class":1675},[44,151861,2646],{"class":80},[44,151863,2104],{"class":1675},[44,151865,104],{"class":80},[44,151867,151868,151870,151872,151874],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,151869,95],{"class":94},[44,151871,98],{"class":80},[44,151873,2126],{"class":84},[44,151875,104],{"class":80},[20,151877,151878],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,151880,25173,151881,151883],{},[15,151882,37712],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[30,151885,1478],{"id":1477},[267,151887,151889],{"id":151888},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,151891,151892],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[267,151894,151896],{"id":151895},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,151898,151899,151900,81],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,151901,535],{},[267,151903,151905],{"id":151904},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,151907,151908],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[267,151910,151912],{"id":151911},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,151914,151915],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[267,151917,151919],{"id":151918},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,151921,151922,151923,81],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,151924,2662],{},[30,151926,1545],{"id":1544},[139,151928,151929,151933,151937,151941,151945,151949],{},[142,151930,151931],{},[243,151932,147455],{"href":147454},[142,151934,151935],{},[243,151936,150382],{"href":148758},[142,151938,151939],{},[243,151940,104712],{"href":59718},[142,151942,151943],{},[243,151944,151111],{"href":151110},[142,151946,151947],{},[243,151948,63212],{"href":63211},[142,151950,151951],{},[243,151952,61954],{"href":52261},[1577,151954,151955],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":151957},[151958,151959,151960,151961,151962,151969,151970,151971,151972,151978,151985],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":150585,"depth":69,"text":150586},{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":149131,"depth":69,"text":149132},{"id":150754,"depth":69,"text":150755,"children":151963},[151964,151965,151966,151967,151968],{"id":150758,"depth":91,"text":150759},{"id":150846,"depth":91,"text":150847},{"id":150945,"depth":91,"text":150946},{"id":151025,"depth":91,"text":151026},{"id":151114,"depth":91,"text":151115},{"id":151219,"depth":69,"text":151220},{"id":151389,"depth":69,"text":151390},{"id":151483,"depth":69,"text":151484},{"id":114974,"depth":69,"text":114975,"children":151973},[151974,151975,151976,151977],{"id":151533,"depth":91,"text":151534},{"id":151584,"depth":91,"text":151585},{"id":151720,"depth":91,"text":151721},{"id":151831,"depth":91,"text":151832},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":151979},[151980,151981,151982,151983,151984],{"id":151888,"depth":91,"text":151889},{"id":151895,"depth":91,"text":151896},{"id":151904,"depth":91,"text":151905},{"id":151911,"depth":91,"text":151912},{"id":151918,"depth":91,"text":151919},{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150440,"description":151986},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":151993,"title":151994,"body":151995,"description":153408,"extension":1611,"meta":153409,"navigation":184,"path":153410,"seo":153411,"stem":153412,"__hash__":153413},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":151996,"toc":153380},[151997,152002,152007,152010,152012,152091,152097,152102,152106,152121,152123,152170,152172,152180,152188,152194,152196,152201,152221,152224,152251,152253,152277,152279,152421,152423,152427,152435,152438,152440,152517,152519,152527,152531,152535,152545,152555,152557,152562,152564,152623,152628,152630,152730,152732,152746,152751,152757,152764,152767,152769,152879,152883,152900,152902,152965,152967,152975,152987,152991,152996,153024,153027,153109,153111,153122,153124,153128,153155,153157,153159,153239,153247,153249,153304,153306,153311,153314,153318,153322,153324,153328,153332,153340,153347,153350,153352,153377],[10,151998,147339,152000,18],{"id":151999},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152001,58630],{},[20,152003,152004,152006],{},[15,152005,148660],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152008,152009],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[30,152011,1653],{"id":1652},[35,152013,152015],{"className":37,"code":152014,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152016,152017,152057,152079],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152018,152019,152021,152023,152025,152027,152029,152031,152033,152035,152037,152039,152041,152043,152045,152047,152049,152051,152053,152055],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152020,12738],{"class":50},[44,152022,55],{"class":54},[44,152024,8896],{"class":80},[44,152026,362],{"class":58},[44,152028,12755],{"class":62},[44,152030,362],{"class":58},[44,152032,2646],{"class":80},[44,152034,59],{"class":58},[44,152036,12772],{"class":62},[44,152038,362],{"class":58},[44,152040,2646],{"class":80},[44,152042,59],{"class":58},[44,152044,17121],{"class":62},[44,152046,362],{"class":58},[44,152048,2646],{"class":80},[44,152050,59],{"class":58},[44,152052,12772],{"class":62},[44,152054,362],{"class":58},[44,152056,104],{"class":80},[44,152058,152059,152061,152063,152065,152067,152069,152071,152073,152075,152077],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,152060,64582],{"class":50},[44,152062,55],{"class":54},[44,152064,12786],{"class":50},[44,152066,81],{"class":80},[44,152068,35510],{"class":84},[44,152070,98],{"class":80},[44,152072,362],{"class":58},[44,152074,12772],{"class":62},[44,152076,362],{"class":58},[44,152078,104],{"class":80},[44,152080,152081,152083,152085,152087,152089],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,152082,95],{"class":94},[44,152084,98],{"class":80},[44,152086,64609],{"class":84},[44,152088,3321],{"class":80},[44,152090,27447],{"class":3324},[20,152092,152093,152096],{},[15,152094,152095],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[30,152098,126,152100,129],{"id":152099},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152101,148660],{},[20,152103,1628,152104,11073],{},[15,152105,58630],{},[139,152107,152108,152111,152113,152116],{},[142,152109,152110],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[142,152112,128115],{},[142,152114,152115],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[142,152117,152118,152119],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152120,1772],{},[20,152122,161],{},[35,152124,152126],{"className":37,"code":152125,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152127,152128,152152],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152129,152130,152132,152134,152136,152138,152140,152142,152144,152146,152148,152150],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152131,3276],{"class":50},[44,152133,55],{"class":54},[44,152135,8896],{"class":80},[44,152137,1982],{"class":1675},[44,152139,2646],{"class":80},[44,152141,7452],{"class":1675},[44,152143,2646],{"class":80},[44,152145,7457],{"class":1675},[44,152147,2646],{"class":80},[44,152149,7452],{"class":1675},[44,152151,104],{"class":80},[44,152153,152154,152156,152158,152160,152162,152164,152166,152168],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,152155,95],{"class":94},[44,152157,98],{"class":80},[44,152159,3308],{"class":84},[44,152161,81],{"class":80},[44,152163,35510],{"class":84},[44,152165,98],{"class":80},[44,152167,15418],{"class":1675},[44,152169,370],{"class":80},[20,152171,107],{},[35,152173,152174],{"className":37,"code":46579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,152175,152176],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152177,152178],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152179,46579],{"class":1675},[20,152181,20645,152182,152184,152185,152187],{},[15,152183,15418],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152186,58630],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152189,150606,152190,81],{},[243,152191,152193],{"href":152192},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[30,152195,250],{"id":249},[20,152197,7424,152198,152200],{},[15,152199,58630],{}," in two ways:",[35,152202,152204],{"className":37,"code":152203,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152205,152206],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152207,152208,152211,152213,152215,152217,152219],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152209,152210],{"class":50},"tuple_name",[44,152212,81],{"class":80},[44,152214,35510],{"class":84},[44,152216,98],{"class":80},[44,152218,2126],{"class":84},[44,152220,104],{"class":80},[20,152222,152223],{},"or:",[35,152225,152227],{"className":37,"code":152226,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152228,152229],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152230,152231,152233,152235,152237,152239,152241,152243,152245,152247,152249],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152232,152210],{"class":50},[44,152234,81],{"class":80},[44,152236,35510],{"class":84},[44,152238,98],{"class":80},[44,152240,2126],{"class":84},[44,152242,2646],{"class":80},[44,152244,35716],{"class":84},[44,152246,2646],{"class":80},[44,152248,64703],{"class":84},[44,152250,104],{"class":80},[267,152252,17060],{"id":17059},[139,152254,152255,152260,152265,152270],{},[142,152256,152257,152259],{},[15,152258,2126],{}," — the item to search for",[142,152261,152262,152264],{},[15,152263,35737],{}," — optional starting position",[142,152266,152267,152269],{},[15,152268,52322],{}," — optional ending position",[142,152271,152272,1118,152274,152276],{},[15,152273,52322],{},[830,152275,64732],{}," in the search",[20,152278,161],{},[35,152280,152282],{"className":37,"code":152281,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152283,152284,152332,152336,152361,152389],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152285,152286,152288,152290,152292,152294,152296,152298,152300,152302,152304,152306,152308,152310,152312,152314,152316,152318,152320,152322,152324,152326,152328,152330],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152287,35755],{"class":50},[44,152289,55],{"class":54},[44,152291,8896],{"class":80},[44,152293,362],{"class":58},[44,152295,243],{"class":62},[44,152297,362],{"class":58},[44,152299,2646],{"class":80},[44,152301,59],{"class":58},[44,152303,842],{"class":62},[44,152305,362],{"class":58},[44,152307,2646],{"class":80},[44,152309,59],{"class":58},[44,152311,846],{"class":62},[44,152313,362],{"class":58},[44,152315,2646],{"class":80},[44,152317,59],{"class":58},[44,152319,842],{"class":62},[44,152321,362],{"class":58},[44,152323,2646],{"class":80},[44,152325,59],{"class":58},[44,152327,18434],{"class":62},[44,152329,362],{"class":58},[44,152331,104],{"class":80},[44,152333,152334],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,152335,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,152337,152338,152340,152342,152344,152346,152348,152350,152352,152354,152356,152358],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,152339,95],{"class":94},[44,152341,98],{"class":80},[44,152343,35808],{"class":84},[44,152345,81],{"class":80},[44,152347,35510],{"class":84},[44,152349,98],{"class":80},[44,152351,362],{"class":58},[44,152353,842],{"class":62},[44,152355,362],{"class":58},[44,152357,5025],{"class":80},[44,152359,152360],{"class":3324},"        # 1\n",[44,152362,152363,152365,152367,152369,152371,152373,152375,152377,152379,152381,152383,152385,152387],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,152364,95],{"class":94},[44,152366,98],{"class":80},[44,152368,35808],{"class":84},[44,152370,81],{"class":80},[44,152372,35510],{"class":84},[44,152374,98],{"class":80},[44,152376,362],{"class":58},[44,152378,842],{"class":62},[44,152380,362],{"class":58},[44,152382,2646],{"class":80},[44,152384,2649],{"class":1675},[44,152386,5025],{"class":80},[44,152388,50581],{"class":3324},[44,152390,152391,152393,152395,152397,152399,152401,152403,152405,152407,152409,152411,152413,152415,152417,152419],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,152392,95],{"class":94},[44,152394,98],{"class":80},[44,152396,35808],{"class":84},[44,152398,81],{"class":80},[44,152400,35510],{"class":84},[44,152402,98],{"class":80},[44,152404,362],{"class":58},[44,152406,842],{"class":62},[44,152408,362],{"class":58},[44,152410,2646],{"class":80},[44,152412,5162],{"class":1675},[44,152414,2646],{"class":80},[44,152416,2104],{"class":1675},[44,152418,5025],{"class":80},[44,152420,27447],{"class":3324},[30,152422,103039],{"id":103038},[20,152424,152425,25176],{},[15,152426,148660],{},[139,152428,152429,152432],{},[142,152430,152431],{},"An integer",[142,152433,152434],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152436,152437],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152439,161],{},[35,152441,152443],{"className":37,"code":152442,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152444,152445,152485,152507],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152446,152447,152449,152451,152453,152455,152457,152459,152461,152463,152465,152467,152469,152471,152473,152475,152477,152479,152481,152483],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152448,108136],{"class":50},[44,152450,55],{"class":54},[44,152452,8896],{"class":80},[44,152454,362],{"class":58},[44,152456,36712],{"class":62},[44,152458,362],{"class":58},[44,152460,2646],{"class":80},[44,152462,59],{"class":58},[44,152464,57789],{"class":62},[44,152466,362],{"class":58},[44,152468,2646],{"class":80},[44,152470,59],{"class":58},[44,152472,57806],{"class":62},[44,152474,362],{"class":58},[44,152476,2646],{"class":80},[44,152478,59],{"class":58},[44,152480,57789],{"class":62},[44,152482,362],{"class":58},[44,152484,104],{"class":80},[44,152486,152487,152489,152491,152493,152495,152497,152499,152501,152503,152505],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,152488,1880],{"class":50},[44,152490,55],{"class":54},[44,152492,108179],{"class":50},[44,152494,81],{"class":80},[44,152496,35510],{"class":84},[44,152498,98],{"class":80},[44,152500,362],{"class":58},[44,152502,57789],{"class":62},[44,152504,362],{"class":58},[44,152506,104],{"class":80},[44,152508,152509,152511,152513,152515],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,152510,95],{"class":94},[44,152512,98],{"class":80},[44,152514,1915],{"class":84},[44,152516,104],{"class":80},[20,152518,107],{},[35,152520,152521],{"className":37,"code":46579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,152522,152523],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152524,152525],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152526,46579],{"class":1675},[30,152528,152530],{"id":152529},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,152532,119,152533,10261],{},[15,152534,148660],{},[139,152536,152537,152539,152542],{},[142,152538,65761],{},[142,152540,152541],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[142,152543,152544],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,152546,152547,152548,152551,152552,81],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,152549,152550],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[243,152553,149128],{"href":152554},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[30,152556,65293],{"id":65292},[20,152558,152559,152560,81],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,152561,40371],{},[20,152563,161],{},[35,152565,152567],{"className":37,"code":152566,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,152568,152569,152601],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152570,152571,152573,152575,152577,152579,152581,152583,152585,152587,152589,152591,152593,152595,152597,152599],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152572,12738],{"class":50},[44,152574,55],{"class":54},[44,152576,8896],{"class":80},[44,152578,362],{"class":58},[44,152580,12755],{"class":62},[44,152582,362],{"class":58},[44,152584,2646],{"class":80},[44,152586,59],{"class":58},[44,152588,12772],{"class":62},[44,152590,362],{"class":58},[44,152592,2646],{"class":80},[44,152594,59],{"class":58},[44,152596,17121],{"class":62},[44,152598,362],{"class":58},[44,152600,104],{"class":80},[44,152602,152603,152605,152607,152609,152611,152613,152615,152617,152619,152621],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,152604,95],{"class":94},[44,152606,98],{"class":80},[44,152608,17168],{"class":84},[44,152610,81],{"class":80},[44,152612,35510],{"class":84},[44,152614,98],{"class":80},[44,152616,362],{"class":58},[44,152618,22191],{"class":62},[44,152620,362],{"class":58},[44,152622,370],{"class":80},[20,152624,39320,152625,152627],{},[15,152626,109461],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,152629,65368],{},[35,152631,152633],{"className":37,"code":152632,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,152634,152635,152667,152671,152687,152709,152715],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152636,152637,152639,152641,152643,152645,152647,152649,152651,152653,152655,152657,152659,152661,152663,152665],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152638,12738],{"class":50},[44,152640,55],{"class":54},[44,152642,8896],{"class":80},[44,152644,362],{"class":58},[44,152646,12755],{"class":62},[44,152648,362],{"class":58},[44,152650,2646],{"class":80},[44,152652,59],{"class":58},[44,152654,12772],{"class":62},[44,152656,362],{"class":58},[44,152658,2646],{"class":80},[44,152660,59],{"class":58},[44,152662,17121],{"class":62},[44,152664,362],{"class":58},[44,152666,104],{"class":80},[44,152668,152669],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,152670,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,152672,152673,152675,152677,152679,152681,152683,152685],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,152674,525],{"class":524},[44,152676,59],{"class":58},[44,152678,22191],{"class":62},[44,152680,362],{"class":58},[44,152682,20841],{"class":54},[44,152684,12786],{"class":50},[44,152686,548],{"class":80},[44,152688,152689,152691,152693,152695,152697,152699,152701,152703,152705,152707],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,152690,553],{"class":94},[44,152692,98],{"class":80},[44,152694,17168],{"class":84},[44,152696,81],{"class":80},[44,152698,35510],{"class":84},[44,152700,98],{"class":80},[44,152702,362],{"class":58},[44,152704,22191],{"class":62},[44,152706,362],{"class":58},[44,152708,370],{"class":80},[44,152710,152711,152713],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,152712,27101],{"class":524},[44,152714,548],{"class":80},[44,152716,152717,152719,152721,152723,152726,152728],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,152718,553],{"class":94},[44,152720,98],{"class":80},[44,152722,362],{"class":58},[44,152724,152725],{"class":62},"Value not found",[44,152727,362],{"class":58},[44,152729,104],{"class":80},[20,152731,107],{},[35,152733,152735],{"className":37,"code":152734,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Value not found\n",[15,152736,152737],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152738,152739,152742,152744],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152740,152741],{"class":50},"Value ",[44,152743,832],{"class":54},[44,152745,65492],{"class":50},[20,152747,152748,152749,81],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[243,152750,65502],{"href":65501},[30,152752,675,152753,4057,152755],{"id":65069},[15,152754,35737],{},[15,152756,52322],{},[20,152758,1628,152759,4057,152761,152763],{},[15,152760,35737],{},[15,152762,52322],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,152765,152766],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,152768,161],{},[35,152770,152772],{"className":37,"code":152771,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,152773,152774,152802,152806,152827,152851],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152775,152776,152778,152780,152782,152784,152786,152788,152790,152792,152794,152796,152798,152800],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152777,3484],{"class":50},[44,152779,55],{"class":54},[44,152781,8896],{"class":80},[44,152783,1789],{"class":1675},[44,152785,2646],{"class":80},[44,152787,5670],{"class":1675},[44,152789,2646],{"class":80},[44,152791,4270],{"class":1675},[44,152793,2646],{"class":80},[44,152795,7452],{"class":1675},[44,152797,2646],{"class":80},[44,152799,4270],{"class":1675},[44,152801,104],{"class":80},[44,152803,152804],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,152805,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,152807,152808,152810,152812,152814,152816,152818,152820,152822,152824],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,152809,95],{"class":94},[44,152811,98],{"class":80},[44,152813,5022],{"class":84},[44,152815,81],{"class":80},[44,152817,35510],{"class":84},[44,152819,98],{"class":80},[44,152821,1789],{"class":1675},[44,152823,5025],{"class":80},[44,152825,152826],{"class":3324},"        # 0\n",[44,152828,152829,152831,152833,152835,152837,152839,152841,152843,152845,152847,152849],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,152830,95],{"class":94},[44,152832,98],{"class":80},[44,152834,5022],{"class":84},[44,152836,81],{"class":80},[44,152838,35510],{"class":84},[44,152840,98],{"class":80},[44,152842,1789],{"class":1675},[44,152844,2646],{"class":80},[44,152846,5162],{"class":1675},[44,152848,5025],{"class":80},[44,152850,50615],{"class":3324},[44,152852,152853,152855,152857,152859,152861,152863,152865,152867,152869,152871,152873,152875,152877],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,152854,95],{"class":94},[44,152856,98],{"class":80},[44,152858,5022],{"class":84},[44,152860,81],{"class":80},[44,152862,35510],{"class":84},[44,152864,98],{"class":80},[44,152866,1789],{"class":1675},[44,152868,2646],{"class":80},[44,152870,2104],{"class":1675},[44,152872,2646],{"class":80},[44,152874,4270],{"class":1675},[44,152876,5025],{"class":80},[44,152878,50598],{"class":3324},[267,152880,152882],{"id":152881},"how-it-works","How it works",[139,152884,152885,152890,152895],{},[142,152886,152887,152889],{},[15,152888,35737],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[142,152891,152892,152894],{},[15,152893,52322],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[142,152896,1628,152897,152899],{},[15,152898,52322],{}," position itself is not included",[20,152901,161],{},[35,152903,152905],{"className":37,"code":152904,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,152906,152907,152935,152939],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152908,152909,152911,152913,152915,152917,152919,152921,152923,152925,152927,152929,152931,152933],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152910,3484],{"class":50},[44,152912,55],{"class":54},[44,152914,8896],{"class":80},[44,152916,1789],{"class":1675},[44,152918,2646],{"class":80},[44,152920,5670],{"class":1675},[44,152922,2646],{"class":80},[44,152924,4270],{"class":1675},[44,152926,2646],{"class":80},[44,152928,7452],{"class":1675},[44,152930,2646],{"class":80},[44,152932,4270],{"class":1675},[44,152934,104],{"class":80},[44,152936,152937],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,152938,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,152940,152941,152943,152945,152947,152949,152951,152953,152955,152957,152959,152961,152963],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,152942,95],{"class":94},[44,152944,98],{"class":80},[44,152946,5022],{"class":84},[44,152948,81],{"class":80},[44,152950,35510],{"class":84},[44,152952,98],{"class":80},[44,152954,1789],{"class":1675},[44,152956,2646],{"class":80},[44,152958,5162],{"class":1675},[44,152960,2646],{"class":80},[44,152962,2110],{"class":1675},[44,152964,370],{"class":80},[20,152966,107],{},[35,152968,152969],{"className":37,"code":16721,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,152970,152971],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152972,152973],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152974,16721],{"class":1675},[20,152976,152977,152978,839,152980,16737,152982,152984,152985,81],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,152979,2643],{},[15,152981,1708],{},[15,152983,1714],{},", but not ",[15,152986,2158],{},[30,152988,152990],{"id":152989},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,152992,152993,152994,2539],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,152995,148660],{},[139,152997,152998,153006,153011,153018],{},[142,152999,153000,153001,153003,153004],{},"Do not confuse the ",[830,153002,2126],{}," with the ",[830,153005,35510],{},[142,153007,153008,153009],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153010,1772],{},[142,153012,119,153013,153017],{},[243,153014,148686,153015,1555],{"href":148738},[15,153016,56952],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[142,153019,153020,153021,153023],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153022,152550],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153025,153026],{},"Example of value vs index:",[35,153028,153030],{"className":37,"code":153029,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153031,153032,153064,153068,153092],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153033,153034,153036,153038,153040,153042,153044,153046,153048,153050,153052,153054,153056,153058,153060,153062],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153035,35904],{"class":50},[44,153037,55],{"class":54},[44,153039,8896],{"class":80},[44,153041,362],{"class":58},[44,153043,3741],{"class":62},[44,153045,362],{"class":58},[44,153047,2646],{"class":80},[44,153049,59],{"class":58},[44,153051,3750],{"class":62},[44,153053,362],{"class":58},[44,153055,2646],{"class":80},[44,153057,59],{"class":58},[44,153059,32887],{"class":62},[44,153061,362],{"class":58},[44,153063,104],{"class":80},[44,153065,153066],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,153067,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,153069,153070,153072,153074,153076,153078,153080,153082,153084,153086,153088,153090],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,153071,95],{"class":94},[44,153073,98],{"class":80},[44,153075,35956],{"class":84},[44,153077,81],{"class":80},[44,153079,35510],{"class":84},[44,153081,98],{"class":80},[44,153083,362],{"class":58},[44,153085,3750],{"class":62},[44,153087,362],{"class":58},[44,153089,5025],{"class":80},[44,153091,27447],{"class":3324},[44,153093,153094,153096,153098,153100,153102,153104,153106],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,153095,95],{"class":94},[44,153097,98],{"class":80},[44,153099,35956],{"class":84},[44,153101,3561],{"class":80},[44,153103,2643],{"class":1675},[44,153105,20113],{"class":80},[44,153107,153108],{"class":3324},"               # banana\n",[20,153110,1830],{},[139,153112,153113,153117],{},[142,153114,153115,14910],{},[15,153116,64937],{},[142,153118,153119,153121],{},[15,153120,2643],{}," is the index",[30,153123,1238],{"id":1237},[20,153125,105777,153126,2539],{},[15,153127,148660],{},[139,153129,153130,153133,153138,153143,153150],{},[142,153131,153132],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[142,153134,1246,153135,153137],{},[15,153136,58630],{}," to return all matching positions",[142,153139,153140,153141],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153142,1772],{},[142,153144,153145,153146,4057,153148],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153147,35737],{},[15,153149,52322],{},[142,153151,36869,153152,153154],{},[15,153153,148660],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[267,153156,60373],{"id":60372},[20,153158,94039],{},[35,153160,153162],{"className":37,"code":153161,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153163,153164,153174,153188,153203,153221],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153165,153166,153168,153170,153172],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153167,95],{"class":94},[44,153169,98],{"class":80},[44,153171,147473],{"class":84},[44,153173,104],{"class":80},[44,153175,153176,153178,153180,153182,153184,153186],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,153177,95],{"class":94},[44,153179,98],{"class":80},[44,153181,10822],{"class":94},[44,153183,98],{"class":80},[44,153185,147473],{"class":84},[44,153187,370],{"class":80},[44,153189,153190,153192,153194,153196,153198,153201],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,153191,95],{"class":94},[44,153193,98],{"class":80},[44,153195,2099],{"class":84},[44,153197,3544],{"class":524},[44,153199,153200],{"class":84}," my_tuple",[44,153202,104],{"class":80},[44,153204,153205,153207,153209,153211,153213,153215,153217,153219],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,153206,95],{"class":94},[44,153208,98],{"class":80},[44,153210,147473],{"class":84},[44,153212,81],{"class":80},[44,153214,40927],{"class":84},[44,153216,98],{"class":80},[44,153218,2126],{"class":84},[44,153220,370],{"class":80},[44,153222,153223,153225,153227,153229,153231,153233,153235,153237],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,153224,95],{"class":94},[44,153226,98],{"class":80},[44,153228,147473],{"class":84},[44,153230,81],{"class":80},[44,153232,35510],{"class":84},[44,153234,98],{"class":80},[44,153236,2126],{"class":84},[44,153238,370],{"class":80},[20,153240,153241,153242,84058,153244,153246],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153243,40371],{},[15,153245,2126],{}," is missing.",[20,153248,129268],{},[35,153250,153252],{"className":37,"code":153251,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153253,153254,153266,153284,153290],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153255,153256,153258,153260,153262,153264],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153257,525],{"class":524},[44,153259,21252],{"class":50},[44,153261,3544],{"class":54},[44,153263,153200],{"class":50},[44,153265,548],{"class":80},[44,153267,153268,153270,153272,153274,153276,153278,153280,153282],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,153269,553],{"class":94},[44,153271,98],{"class":80},[44,153273,147473],{"class":84},[44,153275,81],{"class":80},[44,153277,35510],{"class":84},[44,153279,98],{"class":80},[44,153281,2126],{"class":84},[44,153283,370],{"class":80},[44,153285,153286,153288],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,153287,27101],{"class":524},[44,153289,548],{"class":80},[44,153291,153292,153294,153296,153298,153300,153302],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,153293,553],{"class":94},[44,153295,98],{"class":80},[44,153297,362],{"class":58},[44,153299,152725],{"class":62},[44,153301,362],{"class":58},[44,153303,104],{"class":80},[30,153305,1478],{"id":1477},[267,153307,1504,153309,12378],{"id":153308},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153310,148660],{},[20,153312,153313],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[267,153315,153317],{"id":153316},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153319,153320,152187],{},[15,153321,148660],{},[267,153323,148639],{"id":148638},[20,153325,76521,153326,81],{},[15,153327,40371],{},[267,153329,153331],{"id":153330},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153333,153334,153335,4057,153337,153339],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153336,35737],{},[15,153338,52322],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[267,153341,14566,153343,56867,153345,1520],{"id":153342},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153344,148660],{},[15,153346,64528],{},[20,153348,153349],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[30,153351,1545],{"id":1544},[139,153353,153354,153360,153364,153369,153373],{},[142,153355,153356],{},[243,153357,148686,153358,1555],{"href":148738},[15,153359,56952],{},[142,153361,153362],{},[243,153363,149128],{"href":152554},[142,153365,153366],{},[243,153367,153368],{"href":150434},"Creating a tuple in Python",[142,153370,153371],{},[243,153372,65502],{"href":65501},[142,153374,153375],{},[243,153376,150382],{"href":152192},[1577,153378,153379],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":153381},[153382,153383,153385,153388,153389,153390,153391,153394,153395,153398,153407],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":152099,"depth":69,"text":153384},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250,"children":153386},[153387],{"id":17059,"depth":91,"text":17060},{"id":103038,"depth":69,"text":103039},{"id":152529,"depth":69,"text":152530},{"id":65292,"depth":69,"text":65293},{"id":65069,"depth":69,"text":65852,"children":153392},[153393],{"id":152881,"depth":91,"text":152882},{"id":152989,"depth":69,"text":152990},{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238,"children":153396},[153397],{"id":60372,"depth":91,"text":60373},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":153399},[153400,153402,153403,153404,153405],{"id":153308,"depth":91,"text":153401},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153316,"depth":91,"text":153317},{"id":148638,"depth":91,"text":148639},{"id":153330,"depth":91,"text":153331},{"id":153342,"depth":91,"text":153406},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":151994,"description":153408},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153415,"title":153416,"body":153417,"description":154812,"extension":1611,"meta":154813,"navigation":184,"path":152554,"seo":154814,"stem":154815,"__hash__":154816},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153418,"toc":154794},[153419,153422,153425,153428,153442,153444,153447,153541,153551,153557,153561,153564,153567,153569,153587,153589,153660,153662,153679,153683,153687,153690,153707,153710,153725,153727,153818,153821,153825,153828,153845,153847,153942,153945,153948,153952,153955,154049,154051,154070,154073,154077,154080,154082,154137,154139,154174,154177,154191,154199,154292,154301,154305,154308,154315,154318,154365,154367,154375,154378,154429,154431,154448,154453,154457,154460,154463,154465,154516,154519,154574,154577,154580,154582,154585,154605,154607,154680,154683,154696,154698,154702,154707,154711,154716,154733,154737,154740,154757,154761,154764,154766,154791],[10,153420,153416],{"id":153421},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153423,153424],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153426,153427],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[139,153429,153430,153433,153436,153439],{},[142,153431,153432],{},"positive indexes",[142,153434,153435],{},"negative indexes",[142,153437,153438],{},"common indexing mistakes",[142,153440,153441],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[30,153443,33],{"id":32},[20,153445,153446],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[35,153448,153450],{"className":37,"code":153449,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153451,153452,153484,153488,153505,153522],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153453,153454,153456,153458,153460,153462,153464,153466,153468,153470,153472,153474,153476,153478,153480,153482],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153455,12738],{"class":50},[44,153457,55],{"class":54},[44,153459,8896],{"class":80},[44,153461,362],{"class":58},[44,153463,12755],{"class":62},[44,153465,362],{"class":58},[44,153467,2646],{"class":80},[44,153469,59],{"class":58},[44,153471,17121],{"class":62},[44,153473,362],{"class":58},[44,153475,2646],{"class":80},[44,153477,59],{"class":58},[44,153479,12772],{"class":62},[44,153481,362],{"class":58},[44,153483,104],{"class":80},[44,153485,153486],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,153487,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,153489,153490,153492,153494,153496,153498,153500,153502],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,153491,95],{"class":94},[44,153493,98],{"class":80},[44,153495,17168],{"class":84},[44,153497,3561],{"class":80},[44,153499,1772],{"class":1675},[44,153501,20113],{"class":80},[44,153503,153504],{"class":3324},"   # red\n",[44,153506,153507,153509,153511,153513,153515,153517,153519],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,153508,95],{"class":94},[44,153510,98],{"class":80},[44,153512,17168],{"class":84},[44,153514,3561],{"class":80},[44,153516,2643],{"class":1675},[44,153518,20113],{"class":80},[44,153520,153521],{"class":3324},"   # green\n",[44,153523,153524,153526,153528,153530,153532,153534,153536,153538],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,153525,95],{"class":94},[44,153527,98],{"class":80},[44,153529,17168],{"class":84},[44,153531,3561],{"class":80},[44,153533,1672],{"class":54},[44,153535,2643],{"class":1675},[44,153537,20113],{"class":80},[44,153539,153540],{"class":3324},"  # blue\n",[139,153542,153543,153548],{},[142,153544,132054,153545,153547],{},[15,153546,1772],{}," is the first item.",[142,153549,153550],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,153552,153553,153554,81],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[243,153555,153556],{"href":147458},"how to create a tuple in Python",[30,153558,153560],{"id":153559},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,153562,153563],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,153565,153566],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,153568,11119],{},[139,153570,153571,153574,153581,153584],{},[142,153572,153573],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[142,153575,153576,153577,18630,153579],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,153578,1772],{},[15,153580,2643],{},[142,153582,153583],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[142,153585,153586],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,153588,161],{},[35,153590,153592],{"className":37,"code":153591,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,153593,153594,153614,153618,153632,153646],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153595,153596,153598,153600,153602,153604,153606,153608,153610,153612],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153597,3276],{"class":50},[44,153599,55],{"class":54},[44,153601,8896],{"class":80},[44,153603,1982],{"class":1675},[44,153605,2646],{"class":80},[44,153607,7452],{"class":1675},[44,153609,2646],{"class":80},[44,153611,7457],{"class":1675},[44,153613,104],{"class":80},[44,153615,153616],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,153617,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,153619,153620,153622,153624,153626,153628,153630],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,153621,95],{"class":94},[44,153623,98],{"class":80},[44,153625,3308],{"class":84},[44,153627,3561],{"class":80},[44,153629,1772],{"class":1675},[44,153631,3549],{"class":80},[44,153633,153634,153636,153638,153640,153642,153644],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,153635,95],{"class":94},[44,153637,98],{"class":80},[44,153639,3308],{"class":84},[44,153641,3561],{"class":80},[44,153643,2643],{"class":1675},[44,153645,3549],{"class":80},[44,153647,153648,153650,153652,153654,153656,153658],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,153649,95],{"class":94},[44,153651,98],{"class":80},[44,153653,3308],{"class":84},[44,153655,3561],{"class":80},[44,153657,1708],{"class":1675},[44,153659,3549],{"class":80},[20,153661,107],{},[35,153663,153665],{"className":37,"code":153664,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,153666,153667,153671,153675],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153668,153669],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153670,2028],{"class":1675},[44,153672,153673],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,153674,70887],{"class":1675},[44,153676,153677],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,153678,69503],{"class":1675},[20,153680,59055,153681,81],{},[243,153682,147455],{"href":147454},[30,153684,153686],{"id":153685},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,153688,153689],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[139,153691,153692,153697,153702],{},[142,153693,153694,153696],{},[15,153695,1772],{}," = first item",[142,153698,153699,153701],{},[15,153700,2643],{}," = second item",[142,153703,153704,153706],{},[15,153705,1708],{}," = third item",[20,153708,153709],{},"Pattern:",[35,153711,153713],{"className":37,"code":153712,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,153714,153715],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153716,153717,153719,153721,153723],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153718,152210],{"class":50},[44,153720,3561],{"class":80},[44,153722,35510],{"class":50},[44,153724,3294],{"class":80},[20,153726,161],{},[35,153728,153730],{"className":37,"code":153729,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,153731,153732,153764,153768,153785,153801],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153733,153734,153736,153738,153740,153742,153744,153746,153748,153750,153752,153754,153756,153758,153760,153762],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153735,35904],{"class":50},[44,153737,55],{"class":54},[44,153739,8896],{"class":80},[44,153741,362],{"class":58},[44,153743,3741],{"class":62},[44,153745,362],{"class":58},[44,153747,2646],{"class":80},[44,153749,59],{"class":58},[44,153751,3750],{"class":62},[44,153753,362],{"class":58},[44,153755,2646],{"class":80},[44,153757,59],{"class":58},[44,153759,3759],{"class":62},[44,153761,362],{"class":58},[44,153763,104],{"class":80},[44,153765,153766],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,153767,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,153769,153770,153772,153774,153776,153778,153780,153782],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,153771,95],{"class":94},[44,153773,98],{"class":80},[44,153775,35956],{"class":84},[44,153777,3561],{"class":80},[44,153779,1772],{"class":1675},[44,153781,20113],{"class":80},[44,153783,153784],{"class":3324},"  # apple\n",[44,153786,153787,153789,153791,153793,153795,153797,153799],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,153788,95],{"class":94},[44,153790,98],{"class":80},[44,153792,35956],{"class":84},[44,153794,3561],{"class":80},[44,153796,2643],{"class":1675},[44,153798,20113],{"class":80},[44,153800,51148],{"class":3324},[44,153802,153803,153805,153807,153809,153811,153813,153815],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,153804,95],{"class":94},[44,153806,98],{"class":80},[44,153808,35956],{"class":84},[44,153810,3561],{"class":80},[44,153812,1708],{"class":1675},[44,153814,20113],{"class":80},[44,153816,153817],{"class":3324},"  # cherry\n",[20,153819,153820],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[30,153822,153824],{"id":153823},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,153826,153827],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[139,153829,153830,153835,153840],{},[142,153831,153832,153834],{},[15,153833,65517],{}," = last item",[142,153836,153837,153839],{},[15,153838,95069],{}," = second-to-last item",[142,153841,153842,153844],{},[15,153843,47333],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,153846,161],{},[35,153848,153850],{"className":37,"code":153849,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,153851,153852,153884,153888,153906,153924],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153853,153854,153856,153858,153860,153862,153864,153866,153868,153870,153872,153874,153876,153878,153880,153882],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153855,35904],{"class":50},[44,153857,55],{"class":54},[44,153859,8896],{"class":80},[44,153861,362],{"class":58},[44,153863,3741],{"class":62},[44,153865,362],{"class":58},[44,153867,2646],{"class":80},[44,153869,59],{"class":58},[44,153871,3750],{"class":62},[44,153873,362],{"class":58},[44,153875,2646],{"class":80},[44,153877,59],{"class":58},[44,153879,3759],{"class":62},[44,153881,362],{"class":58},[44,153883,104],{"class":80},[44,153885,153886],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,153887,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,153889,153890,153892,153894,153896,153898,153900,153902,153904],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,153891,95],{"class":94},[44,153893,98],{"class":80},[44,153895,35956],{"class":84},[44,153897,3561],{"class":80},[44,153899,1672],{"class":54},[44,153901,2643],{"class":1675},[44,153903,20113],{"class":80},[44,153905,153817],{"class":3324},[44,153907,153908,153910,153912,153914,153916,153918,153920,153922],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,153909,95],{"class":94},[44,153911,98],{"class":80},[44,153913,35956],{"class":84},[44,153915,3561],{"class":80},[44,153917,1672],{"class":54},[44,153919,1708],{"class":1675},[44,153921,20113],{"class":80},[44,153923,51148],{"class":3324},[44,153925,153926,153928,153930,153932,153934,153936,153938,153940],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,153927,95],{"class":94},[44,153929,98],{"class":80},[44,153931,35956],{"class":84},[44,153933,3561],{"class":80},[44,153935,1672],{"class":54},[44,153937,1714],{"class":1675},[44,153939,20113],{"class":80},[44,153941,153784],{"class":3324},[20,153943,153944],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,153946,153947],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[30,153949,153951],{"id":153950},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,153953,153954],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[35,153956,153958],{"className":37,"code":153957,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,153959,153960,153992,153996,154013,154030],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153961,153962,153964,153966,153968,153970,153972,153974,153976,153978,153980,153982,153984,153986,153988,153990],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153963,4657],{"class":50},[44,153965,55],{"class":54},[44,153967,8896],{"class":80},[44,153969,362],{"class":58},[44,153971,12543],{"class":62},[44,153973,362],{"class":58},[44,153975,2646],{"class":80},[44,153977,59],{"class":58},[44,153979,35605],{"class":62},[44,153981,362],{"class":58},[44,153983,2646],{"class":80},[44,153985,59],{"class":58},[44,153987,35614],{"class":62},[44,153989,362],{"class":58},[44,153991,104],{"class":80},[44,153993,153994],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,153995,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,153997,153998,154000,154002,154004,154006,154008,154010],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,153999,95],{"class":94},[44,154001,98],{"class":80},[44,154003,4701],{"class":84},[44,154005,3561],{"class":80},[44,154007,1772],{"class":1675},[44,154009,20113],{"class":80},[44,154011,154012],{"class":3324},"   # first item\n",[44,154014,154015,154017,154019,154021,154023,154025,154027],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,154016,95],{"class":94},[44,154018,98],{"class":80},[44,154020,4701],{"class":84},[44,154022,3561],{"class":80},[44,154024,2643],{"class":1675},[44,154026,20113],{"class":80},[44,154028,154029],{"class":3324},"   # middle item\n",[44,154031,154032,154034,154036,154038,154040,154042,154044,154046],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,154033,95],{"class":94},[44,154035,98],{"class":80},[44,154037,4701],{"class":84},[44,154039,3561],{"class":80},[44,154041,1672],{"class":54},[44,154043,2643],{"class":1675},[44,154045,20113],{"class":80},[44,154047,154048],{"class":3324},"  # last item\n",[20,154050,107],{},[35,154052,154054],{"className":37,"code":154053,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154055,154056,154060,154065],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154057,154058],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154059,49702],{"class":50},[44,154061,154062],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,154063,154064],{"class":50},"Ben\n",[44,154066,154067],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,154068,154069],{"class":50},"Cara\n",[20,154071,154072],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[30,154074,154076],{"id":154075},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154078,154079],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154081,161],{},[35,154083,154085],{"className":37,"code":154084,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154086,154087,154119,154123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154088,154089,154091,154093,154095,154097,154099,154101,154103,154105,154107,154109,154111,154113,154115,154117],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154090,35755],{"class":50},[44,154092,55],{"class":54},[44,154094,8896],{"class":80},[44,154096,362],{"class":58},[44,154098,243],{"class":62},[44,154100,362],{"class":58},[44,154102,2646],{"class":80},[44,154104,59],{"class":58},[44,154106,842],{"class":62},[44,154108,362],{"class":58},[44,154110,2646],{"class":80},[44,154112,59],{"class":58},[44,154114,846],{"class":62},[44,154116,362],{"class":58},[44,154118,104],{"class":80},[44,154120,154121],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,154122,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,154124,154125,154127,154129,154131,154133,154135],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,154126,95],{"class":94},[44,154128,98],{"class":80},[44,154130,35808],{"class":84},[44,154132,3561],{"class":80},[44,154134,1789],{"class":1675},[44,154136,3549],{"class":80},[20,154138,107],{},[35,154140,154142],{"className":37,"code":154141,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154143,154144,154156,154161],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154145,154146,154149,154151,154154],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154147,154148],{"class":84},"Traceback ",[44,154150,98],{"class":80},[44,154152,154153],{"class":84},"most recent call last",[44,154155,8003],{"class":80},[44,154157,154158],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,154159,154160],{"class":605},"  ...\n",[44,154162,154163,154165,154167,154169,154172],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,154164,70394],{"class":1461},[44,154166,2539],{"class":80},[44,154168,148821],{"class":1461},[44,154170,154171],{"class":50}," index out of ",[44,154173,70586],{"class":94},[20,154175,154176],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[139,154178,154179,154183,154187],{},[142,154180,154181],{},[15,154182,1772],{},[142,154184,154185],{},[15,154186,2643],{},[142,154188,154189],{},[15,154190,1708],{},[20,154192,154193,154194,81],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[243,154195,154196,154198],{"href":148693},[15,154197,42025],{}," on a tuple",[35,154200,154202],{"className":37,"code":154201,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154203,154204,154236,154240,154256,154260,154278],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154205,154206,154208,154210,154212,154214,154216,154218,154220,154222,154224,154226,154228,154230,154232,154234],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154207,35755],{"class":50},[44,154209,55],{"class":54},[44,154211,8896],{"class":80},[44,154213,362],{"class":58},[44,154215,243],{"class":62},[44,154217,362],{"class":58},[44,154219,2646],{"class":80},[44,154221,59],{"class":58},[44,154223,842],{"class":62},[44,154225,362],{"class":58},[44,154227,2646],{"class":80},[44,154229,59],{"class":58},[44,154231,846],{"class":62},[44,154233,362],{"class":58},[44,154235,104],{"class":80},[44,154237,154238],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,154239,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,154241,154242,154244,154246,154248,154250,154252,154254],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,154243,95],{"class":94},[44,154245,98],{"class":80},[44,154247,10822],{"class":94},[44,154249,98],{"class":80},[44,154251,35808],{"class":84},[44,154253,5025],{"class":80},[44,154255,50433],{"class":3324},[44,154257,154258],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,154259,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,154261,154262,154264,154266,154268,154270,154272,154274,154276],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,154263,525],{"class":524},[44,154265,38052],{"class":94},[44,154267,98],{"class":80},[44,154269,35808],{"class":84},[44,154271,3321],{"class":80},[44,154273,38062],{"class":54},[44,154275,2649],{"class":1675},[44,154277,548],{"class":80},[44,154279,154280,154282,154284,154286,154288,154290],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,154281,553],{"class":94},[44,154283,98],{"class":80},[44,154285,35808],{"class":84},[44,154287,3561],{"class":80},[44,154289,1708],{"class":1675},[44,154291,3549],{"class":80},[20,154293,154294,154295,81],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[243,154296,25347,154298],{"href":154297},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154299,154300],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[30,154302,154304],{"id":154303},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154306,154307],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[139,154309,154310,154312],{},[142,154311,76538],{},[142,154313,154314],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154316,154317],{},"Indexing example:",[35,154319,154321],{"className":37,"code":154320,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154322,154323,154347,154351],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154324,154325,154327,154329,154331,154333,154335,154337,154339,154341,154343,154345],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154326,3276],{"class":50},[44,154328,55],{"class":54},[44,154330,8896],{"class":80},[44,154332,1982],{"class":1675},[44,154334,2646],{"class":80},[44,154336,7452],{"class":1675},[44,154338,2646],{"class":80},[44,154340,7457],{"class":1675},[44,154342,2646],{"class":80},[44,154344,50506],{"class":1675},[44,154346,104],{"class":80},[44,154348,154349],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,154350,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,154352,154353,154355,154357,154359,154361,154363],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,154354,95],{"class":94},[44,154356,98],{"class":80},[44,154358,3308],{"class":84},[44,154360,3561],{"class":80},[44,154362,2643],{"class":1675},[44,154364,3549],{"class":80},[20,154366,107],{},[35,154368,154369],{"className":37,"code":70887,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,154370,154371],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154372,154373],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154374,70887],{"class":1675},[20,154376,154377],{},"Slicing example:",[35,154379,154381],{"className":37,"code":154380,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154382,154383,154407,154411],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154384,154385,154387,154389,154391,154393,154395,154397,154399,154401,154403,154405],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154386,3276],{"class":50},[44,154388,55],{"class":54},[44,154390,8896],{"class":80},[44,154392,1982],{"class":1675},[44,154394,2646],{"class":80},[44,154396,7452],{"class":1675},[44,154398,2646],{"class":80},[44,154400,7457],{"class":1675},[44,154402,2646],{"class":80},[44,154404,50506],{"class":1675},[44,154406,104],{"class":80},[44,154408,154409],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,154410,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,154412,154413,154415,154417,154419,154421,154423,154425,154427],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,154414,95],{"class":94},[44,154416,98],{"class":80},[44,154418,3308],{"class":84},[44,154420,3561],{"class":80},[44,154422,2643],{"class":1675},[44,154424,2539],{"class":80},[44,154426,1714],{"class":1675},[44,154428,3549],{"class":80},[20,154430,107],{},[35,154432,154434],{"className":37,"code":154433,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154435,154436],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154437,154438,154440,154442,154444,154446],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154439,98],{"class":80},[44,154441,15418],{"class":1675},[44,154443,2646],{"class":80},[44,154445,7457],{"class":1675},[44,154447,104],{"class":80},[20,154449,154450,154451,81],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[243,154452,150372],{"href":150371},[30,154454,154456],{"id":154455},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154458,154459],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154461,154462],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154464,6351],{},[35,154466,154468],{"className":37,"code":154467,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154469,154470,154502],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154471,154472,154474,154476,154478,154480,154482,154484,154486,154488,154490,154492,154494,154496,154498,154500],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154473,12738],{"class":50},[44,154475,55],{"class":54},[44,154477,8896],{"class":80},[44,154479,362],{"class":58},[44,154481,12755],{"class":62},[44,154483,362],{"class":58},[44,154485,2646],{"class":80},[44,154487,59],{"class":58},[44,154489,17121],{"class":62},[44,154491,362],{"class":58},[44,154493,2646],{"class":80},[44,154495,59],{"class":58},[44,154497,12772],{"class":62},[44,154499,362],{"class":58},[44,154501,104],{"class":80},[44,154503,154504,154506,154508,154510,154512,154514],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,154505,95],{"class":94},[44,154507,98],{"class":80},[44,154509,17168],{"class":84},[44,154511,3561],{"class":80},[44,154513,2643],{"class":1675},[44,154515,3549],{"class":80},[20,154517,154518],{},"But this does not work:",[35,154520,154522],{"className":37,"code":154521,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154523,154524,154556],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154525,154526,154528,154530,154532,154534,154536,154538,154540,154542,154544,154546,154548,154550,154552,154554],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154527,12738],{"class":50},[44,154529,55],{"class":54},[44,154531,8896],{"class":80},[44,154533,362],{"class":58},[44,154535,12755],{"class":62},[44,154537,362],{"class":58},[44,154539,2646],{"class":80},[44,154541,59],{"class":58},[44,154543,17121],{"class":62},[44,154545,362],{"class":58},[44,154547,2646],{"class":80},[44,154549,59],{"class":58},[44,154551,12772],{"class":62},[44,154553,362],{"class":58},[44,154555,104],{"class":80},[44,154557,154558,154560,154562,154564,154566,154568,154570,154572],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,154559,17168],{"class":50},[44,154561,3561],{"class":80},[44,154563,2643],{"class":1675},[44,154565,12936],{"class":80},[44,154567,12939],{"class":54},[44,154569,59],{"class":58},[44,154571,22191],{"class":62},[44,154573,66],{"class":58},[20,154575,154576],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,154578,154579],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[30,154581,1238],{"id":1237},[20,154583,154584],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[139,154586,154587,154593,154596,154599],{},[142,154588,132358,154589,10752,154591],{},[15,154590,2643],{},[15,154592,1772],{},[142,154594,154595],{},"Using an index that is too large",[142,154597,154598],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[142,154600,154601,154602],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,154603,154604],{},"tuple[index]",[20,154606,61958],{},[35,154608,154610],{"className":37,"code":154609,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,154611,154612,154622,154636,154650,154666],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154613,154614,154616,154618,154620],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154615,95],{"class":94},[44,154617,98],{"class":80},[44,154619,147473],{"class":84},[44,154621,104],{"class":80},[44,154623,154624,154626,154628,154630,154632,154634],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,154625,95],{"class":94},[44,154627,98],{"class":80},[44,154629,10822],{"class":94},[44,154631,98],{"class":80},[44,154633,147473],{"class":84},[44,154635,370],{"class":80},[44,154637,154638,154640,154642,154644,154646,154648],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,154639,95],{"class":94},[44,154641,98],{"class":80},[44,154643,147473],{"class":84},[44,154645,3561],{"class":80},[44,154647,1772],{"class":1675},[44,154649,3549],{"class":80},[44,154651,154652,154654,154656,154658,154660,154662,154664],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,154653,95],{"class":94},[44,154655,98],{"class":80},[44,154657,147473],{"class":84},[44,154659,3561],{"class":80},[44,154661,1672],{"class":54},[44,154663,2643],{"class":1675},[44,154665,3549],{"class":80},[44,154667,154668,154670,154672,154674,154676,154678],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,154669,95],{"class":94},[44,154671,98],{"class":80},[44,154673,2880],{"class":1461},[44,154675,98],{"class":80},[44,154677,147473],{"class":84},[44,154679,370],{"class":80},[20,154681,154682],{},"These can help you confirm:",[139,154684,154685,154688,154690,154693],{},[142,154686,154687],{},"what the tuple contains",[142,154689,60447],{},[142,154691,154692],{},"what the first and last items are",[142,154694,154695],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[30,154697,1478],{"id":1477},[267,154699,154701],{"id":154700},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,154703,154704,154705,81],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,154706,1772],{},[267,154708,154710],{"id":154709},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,154712,119,154713,154715],{},[15,154714,65517],{}," as the index:",[35,154717,154719],{"className":37,"code":154718,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,154720,154721],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154722,154723,154725,154727,154729,154731],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154724,147473],{"class":50},[44,154726,3561],{"class":80},[44,154728,1672],{"class":54},[44,154730,2643],{"class":1675},[44,154732,3294],{"class":80},[267,154734,154736],{"id":154735},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,154738,154739],{},"Python raises:",[35,154741,154743],{"className":37,"code":154742,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154744,154745],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154746,154747,154749,154751,154753,154755],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154748,70394],{"class":1461},[44,154750,2539],{"class":80},[44,154752,148821],{"class":1461},[44,154754,154171],{"class":50},[44,154756,70586],{"class":94},[267,154758,154760],{"id":154759},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,154762,154763],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[30,154765,1545],{"id":1544},[139,154767,154768,154773,154777,154781,154787],{},[142,154769,154770],{},[243,154771,154772],{"href":147458},"How to create a tuple in Python",[142,154774,154775],{},[243,154776,150372],{"href":150371},[142,154778,154779],{},[243,154780,150377],{"href":148693},[142,154782,154783],{},[243,154784,25790,154785],{"href":154297},[15,154786,154300],{},[142,154788,154789],{},[243,154790,147455],{"href":147454},[1577,154792,154793],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":154795},[154796,154797,154798,154799,154800,154801,154802,154803,154804,154805,154811],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":153559,"depth":69,"text":153560},{"id":153685,"depth":69,"text":153686},{"id":153823,"depth":69,"text":153824},{"id":153950,"depth":69,"text":153951},{"id":154075,"depth":69,"text":154076},{"id":154303,"depth":69,"text":154304},{"id":154455,"depth":69,"text":154456},{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":154806},[154807,154808,154809,154810],{"id":154700,"depth":91,"text":154701},{"id":154709,"depth":91,"text":154710},{"id":154735,"depth":91,"text":154736},{"id":154759,"depth":91,"text":154760},{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153416,"description":154812},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":154818,"title":154819,"body":154820,"description":156709,"extension":1611,"meta":156710,"navigation":184,"path":156711,"seo":156712,"stem":156713,"__hash__":156714},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":154821,"toc":156666},[154822,154828,154833,154884,154888,154896,154902,154904,154920,154922,154925,154940,154942,154955,154957,155014,155018,155026,155033,155039,155045,155049,155100,155104,155112,155116,155145,155149,155157,155161,155194,155198,155206,155210,155213,155264,155268,155276,155278,155295,155299,155303,155362,155366,155374,155377,155404,155408,155416,155420,155426,155501,155505,155542,155550,155554,155617,155621,155629,155634,155638,155644,155687,155691,155699,155705,155708,155755,155759,155767,155776,155782,155837,155841,155849,155852,155856,155858,155889,155893,155912,155915,155960,155964,155987,155993,155998,156000,156047,156052,156055,156103,156107,156115,156119,156124,156128,156178,156182,156197,156201,156259,156263,156278,156282,156353,156357,156366,156370,156449,156453,156475,156483,156485,156488,156513,156515,156568,156570,156587,156589,156593,156599,156604,156609,156613,156618,156622,156627,156633,156636,156638,156663],[10,154823,154825,154826,3321],{"id":154824},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,154827,10822],{},[20,154829,119,154830,154832],{},[15,154831,42025],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[35,154834,154836],{"className":37,"code":154835,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,154837,154838,154870],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154839,154840,154842,154844,154846,154848,154850,154852,154854,154856,154858,154860,154862,154864,154866,154868],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154841,12738],{"class":50},[44,154843,55],{"class":54},[44,154845,8896],{"class":80},[44,154847,362],{"class":58},[44,154849,12755],{"class":62},[44,154851,362],{"class":58},[44,154853,2646],{"class":80},[44,154855,59],{"class":58},[44,154857,17121],{"class":62},[44,154859,362],{"class":58},[44,154861,2646],{"class":80},[44,154863,59],{"class":58},[44,154865,12772],{"class":62},[44,154867,362],{"class":58},[44,154869,104],{"class":80},[44,154871,154872,154874,154876,154878,154880,154882],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,154873,95],{"class":94},[44,154875,98],{"class":80},[44,154877,10822],{"class":94},[44,154879,98],{"class":80},[44,154881,17168],{"class":84},[44,154883,370],{"class":80},[20,154885,154886],{},[830,154887,107],{},[35,154889,154890],{"className":37,"code":46279,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,154891,154892],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154893,154894],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154895,46279],{"class":1675},[20,154897,119,154898,154901],{},[15,154899,154900],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[30,154903,14826],{"id":14825},[139,154905,154906,154911,154915,154918],{},[142,154907,3861,154908,154910],{},[15,154909,42025],{}," works with tuples",[142,154912,67921,154913,11367],{},[15,154914,42025],{},[142,154916,154917],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[142,154919,4183],{},[30,154921,250],{"id":249},[20,154923,154924],{},"Use this pattern:",[35,154926,154928],{"className":37,"code":154927,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,154929,154930],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154931,154932,154934,154936,154938],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154933,10822],{"class":94},[44,154935,98],{"class":80},[44,154937,147473],{"class":84},[44,154939,104],{"class":80},[20,154941,11119],{},[139,154943,154944,154947,154950],{},[142,154945,154946],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[142,154948,154949],{},"The result is an integer",[142,154951,154952,154954],{},[15,154953,42025],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,154956,161],{},[35,154958,154960],{"className":37,"code":154959,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,154961,154962,154986,155000,155004],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154963,154964,154966,154968,154970,154972,154974,154976,154978,154980,154982,154984],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154965,3276],{"class":50},[44,154967,55],{"class":54},[44,154969,8896],{"class":80},[44,154971,1982],{"class":1675},[44,154973,2646],{"class":80},[44,154975,7452],{"class":1675},[44,154977,2646],{"class":80},[44,154979,7457],{"class":1675},[44,154981,2646],{"class":80},[44,154983,50506],{"class":1675},[44,154985,104],{"class":80},[44,154987,154988,154990,154992,154994,154996,154998],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,154989,40909],{"class":50},[44,154991,55],{"class":54},[44,154993,38052],{"class":94},[44,154995,98],{"class":80},[44,154997,3308],{"class":84},[44,154999,104],{"class":80},[44,155001,155002],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,155003,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,155005,155006,155008,155010,155012],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,155007,95],{"class":94},[44,155009,98],{"class":80},[44,155011,40927],{"class":84},[44,155013,104],{"class":80},[20,155015,155016],{},[830,155017,107],{},[35,155019,155020],{"className":37,"code":48312,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155021,155022],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155023,155024],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155025,48312],{"class":1675},[20,155027,155028,155029,81],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[243,155030,3234,155031,3167],{"href":42022},[15,155032,42025],{},[30,155034,126,155036,155038],{"id":155035},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155037,42025],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155040,155041,155042,155044],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155043,42025],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[267,155046,155048],{"id":155047},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[35,155050,155052],{"className":37,"code":155051,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155053,155054,155086],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155055,155056,155058,155060,155062,155064,155066,155068,155070,155072,155074,155076,155078,155080,155082,155084],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155057,35904],{"class":50},[44,155059,55],{"class":54},[44,155061,8896],{"class":80},[44,155063,362],{"class":58},[44,155065,3741],{"class":62},[44,155067,362],{"class":58},[44,155069,2646],{"class":80},[44,155071,59],{"class":58},[44,155073,3750],{"class":62},[44,155075,362],{"class":58},[44,155077,2646],{"class":80},[44,155079,59],{"class":58},[44,155081,32887],{"class":62},[44,155083,362],{"class":58},[44,155085,104],{"class":80},[44,155087,155088,155090,155092,155094,155096,155098],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,155089,95],{"class":94},[44,155091,98],{"class":80},[44,155093,10822],{"class":94},[44,155095,98],{"class":80},[44,155097,35956],{"class":84},[44,155099,370],{"class":80},[20,155101,155102],{},[830,155103,107],{},[35,155105,155106],{"className":37,"code":46279,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155107,155108],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155109,155110],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155111,46279],{"class":1675},[267,155113,155115],{"id":155114},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[35,155117,155119],{"className":37,"code":155118,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155120,155121,155130],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155122,155123,155126,155128],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155124,155125],{"class":50},"empty_tuple ",[44,155127,55],{"class":54},[44,155129,148797],{"class":80},[44,155131,155132,155134,155136,155138,155140,155143],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,155133,95],{"class":94},[44,155135,98],{"class":80},[44,155137,10822],{"class":94},[44,155139,98],{"class":80},[44,155141,155142],{"class":84},"empty_tuple",[44,155144,370],{"class":80},[20,155146,155147],{},[830,155148,107],{},[35,155150,155151],{"className":37,"code":46914,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155152,155153],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155154,155155],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155156,46914],{"class":1675},[267,155158,155160],{"id":155159},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[35,155162,155164],{"className":37,"code":155163,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155165,155166,155179],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155167,155168,155171,155173,155175,155177],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155169,155170],{"class":50},"single_value ",[44,155172,55],{"class":54},[44,155174,8896],{"class":80},[44,155176,1789],{"class":1675},[44,155178,148811],{"class":80},[44,155180,155181,155183,155185,155187,155189,155192],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,155182,95],{"class":94},[44,155184,98],{"class":80},[44,155186,10822],{"class":94},[44,155188,98],{"class":80},[44,155190,155191],{"class":84},"single_value",[44,155193,370],{"class":80},[20,155195,155196],{},[830,155197,107],{},[35,155199,155200],{"className":37,"code":46579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155201,155202],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155203,155204],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155205,46579],{"class":1675},[267,155207,155209],{"id":155208},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155211,155212],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[35,155214,155216],{"className":37,"code":155215,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155217,155218,155250],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155219,155220,155222,155224,155226,155228,155230,155232,155234,155236,155238,155240,155242,155244,155246,155248],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155221,8825],{"class":50},[44,155223,55],{"class":54},[44,155225,8896],{"class":80},[44,155227,2643],{"class":1675},[44,155229,2646],{"class":80},[44,155231,8896],{"class":80},[44,155233,1708],{"class":1675},[44,155235,2646],{"class":80},[44,155237,2104],{"class":1675},[44,155239,8893],{"class":80},[44,155241,3281],{"class":80},[44,155243,2158],{"class":1675},[44,155245,2646],{"class":80},[44,155247,4270],{"class":1675},[44,155249,3549],{"class":80},[44,155251,155252,155254,155256,155258,155260,155262],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,155253,95],{"class":94},[44,155255,98],{"class":80},[44,155257,10822],{"class":94},[44,155259,98],{"class":80},[44,155261,8864],{"class":84},[44,155263,370],{"class":80},[20,155265,155266],{},[830,155267,107],{},[35,155269,155270],{"className":37,"code":46279,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155271,155272],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155273,155274],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155275,46279],{"class":1675},[20,155277,19624],{},[139,155279,155280,155285,155290],{},[142,155281,155282,155284],{},[15,155283,2643],{}," is one item",[142,155286,155287,155284],{},[15,155288,155289],{},"(2, 3)",[142,155291,155292,155284],{},[15,155293,155294],{},"[4, 5]",[30,155296,155298],{"id":155297},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[267,155300,155302],{"id":155301},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[35,155304,155306],{"className":37,"code":155305,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155307,155308,155348],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155309,155310,155312,155314,155316,155318,155320,155322,155324,155326,155328,155330,155332,155334,155336,155338,155340,155342,155344,155346],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155311,12738],{"class":50},[44,155313,55],{"class":54},[44,155315,8896],{"class":80},[44,155317,362],{"class":58},[44,155319,12755],{"class":62},[44,155321,362],{"class":58},[44,155323,2646],{"class":80},[44,155325,59],{"class":58},[44,155327,17121],{"class":62},[44,155329,362],{"class":58},[44,155331,2646],{"class":80},[44,155333,59],{"class":58},[44,155335,12772],{"class":62},[44,155337,362],{"class":58},[44,155339,2646],{"class":80},[44,155341,59],{"class":58},[44,155343,22191],{"class":62},[44,155345,362],{"class":58},[44,155347,104],{"class":80},[44,155349,155350,155352,155354,155356,155358,155360],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,155351,95],{"class":94},[44,155353,98],{"class":80},[44,155355,10822],{"class":94},[44,155357,98],{"class":80},[44,155359,17168],{"class":84},[44,155361,370],{"class":80},[20,155363,155364],{},[830,155365,107],{},[35,155367,155368],{"className":37,"code":48312,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155369,155370],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155371,155372],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155373,48312],{"class":1675},[267,155375,155115],{"id":155376},"empty-tuple-1",[35,155378,155380],{"className":37,"code":155379,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155381,155382,155390],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155383,155384,155386,155388],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155385,7441],{"class":50},[44,155387,55],{"class":54},[44,155389,148797],{"class":80},[44,155391,155392,155394,155396,155398,155400,155402],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,155393,95],{"class":94},[44,155395,98],{"class":80},[44,155397,10822],{"class":94},[44,155399,98],{"class":80},[44,155401,7472],{"class":84},[44,155403,370],{"class":80},[20,155405,155406],{},[830,155407,107],{},[35,155409,155410],{"className":37,"code":46914,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155411,155412],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155413,155414],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155415,46914],{"class":1675},[267,155417,155419],{"id":155418},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155421,155422,155423,155425],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[830,155424,832],{}," always a tuple.",[35,155427,155429],{"className":37,"code":155428,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155430,155431,155443,155455,155459,155473,155487],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155432,155433,155435,155437,155439,155441],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155434,2208],{"class":50},[44,155436,55],{"class":54},[44,155438,8896],{"class":80},[44,155440,1789],{"class":1675},[44,155442,104],{"class":80},[44,155444,155445,155447,155449,155451,155453],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,155446,2236],{"class":50},[44,155448,55],{"class":54},[44,155450,8896],{"class":80},[44,155452,1789],{"class":1675},[44,155454,148811],{"class":80},[44,155456,155457],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,155458,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,155460,155461,155463,155465,155467,155469,155471],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,155462,95],{"class":94},[44,155464,98],{"class":80},[44,155466,2880],{"class":1461},[44,155468,98],{"class":80},[44,155470,243],{"class":84},[44,155472,370],{"class":80},[44,155474,155475,155477,155479,155481,155483,155485],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,155476,95],{"class":94},[44,155478,98],{"class":80},[44,155480,2880],{"class":1461},[44,155482,98],{"class":80},[44,155484,842],{"class":84},[44,155486,370],{"class":80},[44,155488,155489,155491,155493,155495,155497,155499],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,155490,95],{"class":94},[44,155492,98],{"class":80},[44,155494,10822],{"class":94},[44,155496,98],{"class":80},[44,155498,842],{"class":84},[44,155500,370],{"class":80},[20,155502,155503],{},[830,155504,107],{},[35,155506,155508],{"className":37,"code":155507,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155509,155510,155524,155538],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155511,155512,155514,155516,155518,155520,155522],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155513,2949],{"class":54},[44,155515,2952],{"class":1717},[44,155517,2955],{"class":58},[44,155519,1840],{"class":62},[44,155521,655],{"class":58},[44,155523,2962],{"class":54},[44,155525,155526,155528,155530,155532,155534,155536],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,155527,2949],{"class":54},[44,155529,2952],{"class":1717},[44,155531,2955],{"class":58},[44,155533,48615],{"class":62},[44,155535,655],{"class":58},[44,155537,2962],{"class":54},[44,155539,155540],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,155541,46579],{"class":1675},[20,155543,155544,155545,4057,155548,81],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[243,155546,155547],{"href":147458},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[243,155549,148759],{"href":148758},[267,155551,155553],{"id":155552},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[35,155555,155557],{"className":37,"code":155556,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,155558,155559,155603],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155560,155561,155563,155565,155567,155569,155571,155573,155575,155577,155579,155581,155583,155585,155587,155589,155591,155593,155595,155597,155599,155601],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155562,59135],{"class":50},[44,155564,55],{"class":54},[44,155566,8896],{"class":80},[44,155568,362],{"class":58},[44,155570,3741],{"class":62},[44,155572,362],{"class":58},[44,155574,2646],{"class":80},[44,155576,3281],{"class":80},[44,155578,2643],{"class":1675},[44,155580,2646],{"class":80},[44,155582,2649],{"class":1675},[44,155584,17728],{"class":80},[44,155586,8896],{"class":80},[44,155588,362],{"class":58},[44,155590,1110],{"class":62},[44,155592,362],{"class":58},[44,155594,2646],{"class":80},[44,155596,59],{"class":58},[44,155598,11407],{"class":62},[44,155600,362],{"class":58},[44,155602,370],{"class":80},[44,155604,155605,155607,155609,155611,155613,155615],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,155606,95],{"class":94},[44,155608,98],{"class":80},[44,155610,10822],{"class":94},[44,155612,98],{"class":80},[44,155614,59188],{"class":84},[44,155616,370],{"class":80},[20,155618,155619],{},[830,155620,107],{},[35,155622,155623],{"className":37,"code":46279,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155624,155625],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155626,155627],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155628,46279],{"class":1675},[20,155630,155631,155633],{},[15,155632,42025],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[30,155635,155637],{"id":155636},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[267,155639,155641,155643],{"id":155640},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,155642,42025],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[35,155645,155647],{"className":37,"code":155646,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,155648,155649,155673],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155650,155651,155653,155655,155657,155659,155661,155663,155665,155667,155669,155671],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155652,3732],{"class":50},[44,155654,55],{"class":54},[44,155656,8896],{"class":80},[44,155658,362],{"class":58},[44,155660,63258],{"class":62},[44,155662,362],{"class":58},[44,155664,2646],{"class":80},[44,155666,59],{"class":58},[44,155668,39],{"class":62},[44,155670,362],{"class":58},[44,155672,104],{"class":80},[44,155674,155675,155677,155679,155681,155683,155685],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,155676,95],{"class":94},[44,155678,98],{"class":80},[44,155680,10822],{"class":94},[44,155682,98],{"class":80},[44,155684,3776],{"class":84},[44,155686,370],{"class":80},[20,155688,155689],{},[830,155690,107],{},[35,155692,155693],{"className":37,"code":16721,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155694,155695],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155696,155697],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155698,16721],{"class":1675},[20,155700,155701,155702,155704],{},"This result is ",[15,155703,1708],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,155706,155707],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[35,155709,155711],{"className":37,"code":155710,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,155712,155713,155737],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155714,155715,155717,155719,155721,155723,155725,155727,155729,155731,155733,155735],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155716,3732],{"class":50},[44,155718,55],{"class":54},[44,155720,8896],{"class":80},[44,155722,362],{"class":58},[44,155724,63258],{"class":62},[44,155726,362],{"class":58},[44,155728,2646],{"class":80},[44,155730,59],{"class":58},[44,155732,39],{"class":62},[44,155734,362],{"class":58},[44,155736,104],{"class":80},[44,155738,155739,155741,155743,155745,155747,155749,155751,155753],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,155740,95],{"class":94},[44,155742,98],{"class":80},[44,155744,10822],{"class":94},[44,155746,98],{"class":80},[44,155748,3776],{"class":84},[44,155750,3561],{"class":80},[44,155752,1772],{"class":1675},[44,155754,2656],{"class":80},[20,155756,155757],{},[830,155758,107],{},[35,155760,155761],{"className":37,"code":16721,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155762,155763],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155764,155765],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155766,16721],{"class":1675},[20,155768,20438,155769,155772,155773,81],{},[15,155770,155771],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,155774,155775],{},"\"hi\"",[267,155777,155779,155781],{"id":155778},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,155780,42025],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[35,155783,155785],{"className":37,"code":155784,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,155786,155787,155823],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155788,155789,155791,155793,155795,155797,155799,155801,155803,155805,155807,155809,155811,155813,155815,155817,155819,155821],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155790,3484],{"class":50},[44,155792,55],{"class":54},[44,155794,9655],{"class":80},[44,155796,2643],{"class":1675},[44,155798,2646],{"class":80},[44,155800,2649],{"class":1675},[44,155802,8893],{"class":80},[44,155804,8896],{"class":80},[44,155806,1714],{"class":1675},[44,155808,2646],{"class":80},[44,155810,2110],{"class":1675},[44,155812,8893],{"class":80},[44,155814,8896],{"class":80},[44,155816,1789],{"class":1675},[44,155818,2646],{"class":80},[44,155820,37309],{"class":1675},[44,155822,370],{"class":80},[44,155824,155825,155827,155829,155831,155833,155835],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,155826,95],{"class":94},[44,155828,98],{"class":80},[44,155830,10822],{"class":94},[44,155832,98],{"class":80},[44,155834,5022],{"class":84},[44,155836,370],{"class":80},[20,155838,155839],{},[830,155840,107],{},[35,155842,155843],{"className":37,"code":46279,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155844,155845],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155846,155847],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155848,46279],{"class":1675},[20,155850,155851],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[267,155853,155855],{"id":155854},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,155857,25358],{},[35,155859,155861],{"className":37,"code":155860,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,155862,155863,155875],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155864,155865,155867,155869,155871,155873],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155866,2099],{"class":50},[44,155868,55],{"class":54},[44,155870,8896],{"class":80},[44,155872,1982],{"class":1675},[44,155874,104],{"class":80},[44,155876,155877,155879,155881,155883,155885,155887],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,155878,95],{"class":94},[44,155880,98],{"class":80},[44,155882,2880],{"class":1461},[44,155884,98],{"class":80},[44,155886,2126],{"class":84},[44,155888,370],{"class":80},[20,155890,155891],{},[830,155892,107],{},[35,155894,155896],{"className":37,"code":155895,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,155897,155898],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155899,155900,155902,155904,155906,155908,155910],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155901,2949],{"class":54},[44,155903,2952],{"class":1717},[44,155905,2955],{"class":58},[44,155907,1840],{"class":62},[44,155909,655],{"class":58},[44,155911,2962],{"class":54},[20,155913,155914],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[35,155916,155918],{"className":37,"code":155917,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,155919,155920,155932,155946],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155921,155922,155924,155926,155928,155930],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155923,2099],{"class":50},[44,155925,55],{"class":54},[44,155927,8896],{"class":80},[44,155929,1982],{"class":1675},[44,155931,148811],{"class":80},[44,155933,155934,155936,155938,155940,155942,155944],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,155935,95],{"class":94},[44,155937,98],{"class":80},[44,155939,2880],{"class":1461},[44,155941,98],{"class":80},[44,155943,2126],{"class":84},[44,155945,370],{"class":80},[44,155947,155948,155950,155952,155954,155956,155958],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,155949,95],{"class":94},[44,155951,98],{"class":80},[44,155953,10822],{"class":94},[44,155955,98],{"class":80},[44,155957,2126],{"class":84},[44,155959,370],{"class":80},[20,155961,155962],{},[830,155963,107],{},[35,155965,155967],{"className":37,"code":155966,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155968,155969,155983],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155970,155971,155973,155975,155977,155979,155981],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155972,2949],{"class":54},[44,155974,2952],{"class":1717},[44,155976,2955],{"class":58},[44,155978,48615],{"class":62},[44,155980,655],{"class":58},[44,155982,2962],{"class":54},[44,155984,155985],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,155986,46579],{"class":1675},[267,155988,155990,155992],{"id":155989},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,155991,10822],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,155994,44091,155995,155997],{},[15,155996,10822],{}," as a variable name.",[20,155999,44122],{},[35,156001,156003],{"className":37,"code":156002,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156004,156005,156013,156033],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156006,156007,156009,156011],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156008,10822],{"class":94},[44,156010,12939],{"class":54},[44,156012,2241],{"class":1675},[44,156014,156015,156017,156019,156021,156023,156025,156027,156029,156031],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,156016,3276],{"class":50},[44,156018,55],{"class":54},[44,156020,8896],{"class":80},[44,156022,2643],{"class":1675},[44,156024,2646],{"class":80},[44,156026,2649],{"class":1675},[44,156028,2646],{"class":80},[44,156030,2104],{"class":1675},[44,156032,104],{"class":80},[44,156034,156035,156037,156039,156041,156043,156045],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,156036,95],{"class":94},[44,156038,98],{"class":80},[44,156040,10822],{"class":94},[44,156042,98],{"class":80},[44,156044,3308],{"class":84},[44,156046,370],{"class":80},[20,156048,39320,156049,156051],{},[15,156050,10822],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156053,156054],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[35,156056,156058],{"className":37,"code":156057,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156059,156060,156069,156089],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156061,156062,156065,156067],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156063,156064],{"class":50},"length_value ",[44,156066,55],{"class":54},[44,156068,2241],{"class":1675},[44,156070,156071,156073,156075,156077,156079,156081,156083,156085,156087],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,156072,3276],{"class":50},[44,156074,55],{"class":54},[44,156076,8896],{"class":80},[44,156078,2643],{"class":1675},[44,156080,2646],{"class":80},[44,156082,2649],{"class":1675},[44,156084,2646],{"class":80},[44,156086,2104],{"class":1675},[44,156088,104],{"class":80},[44,156090,156091,156093,156095,156097,156099,156101],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,156092,95],{"class":94},[44,156094,98],{"class":80},[44,156096,10822],{"class":94},[44,156098,98],{"class":80},[44,156100,3308],{"class":84},[44,156102,370],{"class":80},[20,156104,156105],{},[830,156106,107],{},[35,156108,156109],{"className":37,"code":46279,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156110,156111],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156112,156113],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156114,46279],{"class":1675},[30,156116,156118],{"id":156117},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156120,156121,156123],{},[15,156122,42025],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[267,156125,156127],{"id":156126},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[35,156129,156131],{"className":37,"code":156130,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156132,156133,156141,156145,156163],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156134,156135,156137,156139],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156136,7441],{"class":50},[44,156138,55],{"class":54},[44,156140,148797],{"class":80},[44,156142,156143],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,156144,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,156146,156147,156149,156151,156153,156155,156157,156159,156161],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,156148,525],{"class":524},[44,156150,38052],{"class":94},[44,156152,98],{"class":80},[44,156154,7472],{"class":84},[44,156156,3321],{"class":80},[44,156158,538],{"class":54},[44,156160,3495],{"class":1675},[44,156162,548],{"class":80},[44,156164,156165,156167,156169,156171,156174,156176],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,156166,553],{"class":94},[44,156168,98],{"class":80},[44,156170,362],{"class":58},[44,156172,156173],{"class":62},"The tuple is empty",[44,156175,362],{"class":58},[44,156177,104],{"class":80},[20,156179,156180],{},[830,156181,107],{},[35,156183,156185],{"className":37,"code":156184,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156186,156187],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156188,156189,156191,156193,156195],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156190,1628],{"class":50},[44,156192,48615],{"class":1461},[44,156194,7757],{"class":54},[44,156196,7763],{"class":50},[267,156198,156200],{"id":156199},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[35,156202,156204],{"className":37,"code":156203,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156205,156206,156222,156226,156244],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156207,156208,156210,156212,156214,156216,156218,156220],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156209,51047],{"class":50},[44,156211,55],{"class":54},[44,156213,8896],{"class":80},[44,156215,2158],{"class":1675},[44,156217,2646],{"class":80},[44,156219,5659],{"class":1675},[44,156221,104],{"class":80},[44,156223,156224],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,156225,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,156227,156228,156230,156232,156234,156236,156238,156240,156242],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,156229,525],{"class":524},[44,156231,38052],{"class":94},[44,156233,98],{"class":80},[44,156235,51072],{"class":84},[44,156237,3321],{"class":80},[44,156239,538],{"class":54},[44,156241,2649],{"class":1675},[44,156243,548],{"class":80},[44,156245,156246,156248,156250,156252,156255,156257],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,156247,553],{"class":94},[44,156249,98],{"class":80},[44,156251,362],{"class":58},[44,156253,156254],{"class":62},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[44,156256,362],{"class":58},[44,156258,104],{"class":80},[20,156260,156261],{},[830,156262,107],{},[35,156264,156266],{"className":37,"code":156265,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156267,156268],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156269,156270,156273,156275],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156271,156272],{"class":50},"This looks like an x",[44,156274,2646],{"class":80},[44,156276,156277],{"class":50}," y coordinate\n",[267,156279,156281],{"id":156280},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[35,156283,156285],{"className":37,"code":156284,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156286,156287,156316,156320,156338],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156288,156289,156291,156293,156295,156297,156299,156301,156303,156305,156307,156309,156312,156314],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156290,11149],{"class":50},[44,156292,55],{"class":54},[44,156294,8896],{"class":80},[44,156296,362],{"class":58},[44,156298,12543],{"class":62},[44,156300,362],{"class":58},[44,156302,2646],{"class":80},[44,156304,8966],{"class":1675},[44,156306,2646],{"class":80},[44,156308,59],{"class":58},[44,156310,156311],{"class":62},"Canada",[44,156313,362],{"class":58},[44,156315,104],{"class":80},[44,156317,156318],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,156319,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,156321,156322,156324,156326,156328,156330,156332,156334,156336],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,156323,525],{"class":524},[44,156325,38052],{"class":94},[44,156327,98],{"class":80},[44,156329,11243],{"class":84},[44,156331,3321],{"class":80},[44,156333,538],{"class":54},[44,156335,2104],{"class":1675},[44,156337,548],{"class":80},[44,156339,156340,156342,156344,156346,156349,156351],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,156341,553],{"class":94},[44,156343,98],{"class":80},[44,156345,362],{"class":58},[44,156347,156348],{"class":62},"User record has the expected number of values",[44,156350,362],{"class":58},[44,156352,104],{"class":80},[20,156354,156355],{},[830,156356,107],{},[35,156358,156360],{"className":37,"code":156359,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156361,156362],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156363,156364],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156365,156359],{"class":50},[267,156367,156369],{"id":156368},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[35,156371,156373],{"className":37,"code":156372,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156374,156375,156407,156411,156431],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156376,156377,156379,156381,156383,156385,156387,156389,156391,156393,156395,156397,156399,156401,156403,156405],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156378,35755],{"class":50},[44,156380,55],{"class":54},[44,156382,8896],{"class":80},[44,156384,362],{"class":58},[44,156386,243],{"class":62},[44,156388,362],{"class":58},[44,156390,2646],{"class":80},[44,156392,59],{"class":58},[44,156394,842],{"class":62},[44,156396,362],{"class":58},[44,156398,2646],{"class":80},[44,156400,59],{"class":58},[44,156402,846],{"class":62},[44,156404,362],{"class":58},[44,156406,104],{"class":80},[44,156408,156409],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,156410,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,156412,156413,156415,156417,156419,156421,156423,156425,156427,156429],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,156414,5623],{"class":524},[44,156416,69211],{"class":50},[44,156418,3544],{"class":524},[44,156420,53731],{"class":94},[44,156422,98],{"class":80},[44,156424,10822],{"class":94},[44,156426,98],{"class":80},[44,156428,35808],{"class":84},[44,156430,69226],{"class":80},[44,156432,156433,156435,156437,156439,156441,156443,156445,156447],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,156434,553],{"class":94},[44,156436,98],{"class":80},[44,156438,35819],{"class":84},[44,156440,2646],{"class":80},[44,156442,69759],{"class":84},[44,156444,3561],{"class":80},[44,156446,35819],{"class":84},[44,156448,3549],{"class":80},[20,156450,156451],{},[830,156452,107],{},[35,156454,156455],{"className":37,"code":35831,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156456,156457,156463,156469],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156458,156459,156461],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156460,1772],{"class":1675},[44,156462,35840],{"class":50},[44,156464,156465,156467],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,156466,2643],{"class":1675},[44,156468,35847],{"class":50},[44,156470,156471,156473],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,156472,1708],{"class":1675},[44,156474,35854],{"class":50},[20,156476,156477,156478,156480,156481,81],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[243,156479,149128],{"href":149127},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[243,156482,150372],{"href":150371},[30,156484,1238],{"id":1237},[20,156486,156487],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[139,156489,156490,156498,156505,156510],{},[142,156491,156492,156493,10752,156496],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156494,156495],{},"(5)",[15,156497,148962],{},[142,156499,675,156500,156502,156503],{},[15,156501,10822],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156504,42025],{},[142,156506,1246,156507,156509],{},[15,156508,42025],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[142,156511,156512],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156514,31750],{},[35,156516,156518],{"className":37,"code":156517,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156519,156520,156530,156544,156558],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156521,156522,156524,156526,156528],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156523,95],{"class":94},[44,156525,98],{"class":80},[44,156527,147473],{"class":84},[44,156529,104],{"class":80},[44,156531,156532,156534,156536,156538,156540,156542],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,156533,95],{"class":94},[44,156535,98],{"class":80},[44,156537,2880],{"class":1461},[44,156539,98],{"class":80},[44,156541,147473],{"class":84},[44,156543,370],{"class":80},[44,156545,156546,156548,156550,156552,156554,156556],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,156547,95],{"class":94},[44,156549,98],{"class":80},[44,156551,10822],{"class":94},[44,156553,98],{"class":80},[44,156555,147473],{"class":84},[44,156557,370],{"class":80},[44,156559,156560,156562,156564,156566],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,156561,1456],{"class":94},[44,156563,98],{"class":80},[44,156565,10822],{"class":94},[44,156567,104],{"class":80},[20,156569,154682],{},[139,156571,156572,156575,156578,156582],{},[142,156573,156574],{},"what value you are using",[142,156576,156577],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[142,156579,25687,156580,11367],{},[15,156581,42025],{},[142,156583,123035,156584,156586],{},[15,156585,42025],{}," is documented in Python",[30,156588,1478],{"id":1477},[267,156590,156592],{"id":156591},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,156594,119,156595,156598],{},[15,156596,156597],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[267,156600,1482,156602,148632],{"id":156601},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,156603,42025],{},[20,156605,1488,156606,156608],{},[15,156607,42025],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[267,156610,156612],{"id":156611},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,156614,156615,156616,81],{},"The length is ",[15,156617,1772],{},[267,156619,156621],{"id":156620},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,156623,150318,156624,156626],{},[15,156625,150321],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[267,156628,1482,156630,156632],{"id":156629},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,156631,42025],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,156634,156635],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[30,156637,1545],{"id":1544},[139,156639,156640,156646,156650,156654,156658],{},[142,156641,156642],{},[243,156643,3234,156644,3167],{"href":42022},[15,156645,42025],{},[142,156647,156648],{},[243,156649,155547],{"href":147458},[142,156651,156652],{},[243,156653,149128],{"href":149127},[142,156655,156656],{},[243,156657,150372],{"href":150371},[142,156659,156660],{},[243,156661,156662],{"href":148758},"What is a tuple in Python",[1577,156664,156665],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":156667},[156668,156669,156670,156677,156683,156692,156698,156699,156708],{"id":14825,"depth":69,"text":14826},{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":155035,"depth":69,"text":156671,"children":156672},"What len() returns for a tuple",[156673,156674,156675,156676],{"id":155047,"depth":91,"text":155048},{"id":155114,"depth":91,"text":155115},{"id":155159,"depth":91,"text":155160},{"id":155208,"depth":91,"text":155209},{"id":155297,"depth":69,"text":155298,"children":156678},[156679,156680,156681,156682],{"id":155301,"depth":91,"text":155302},{"id":155376,"depth":91,"text":155115},{"id":155418,"depth":91,"text":155419},{"id":155552,"depth":91,"text":155553},{"id":155636,"depth":69,"text":155637,"children":156684},[156685,156687,156689,156690],{"id":155640,"depth":91,"text":156686},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":155778,"depth":91,"text":156688},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":155854,"depth":91,"text":155855},{"id":155989,"depth":91,"text":156691},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156117,"depth":69,"text":156118,"children":156693},[156694,156695,156696,156697],{"id":156126,"depth":91,"text":156127},{"id":156199,"depth":91,"text":156200},{"id":156280,"depth":91,"text":156281},{"id":156368,"depth":91,"text":156369},{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":156700},[156701,156702,156704,156705,156706],{"id":156591,"depth":91,"text":156592},{"id":156601,"depth":91,"text":156703},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156611,"depth":91,"text":156612},{"id":156620,"depth":91,"text":156621},{"id":156629,"depth":91,"text":156707},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":154819,"description":156709},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":156716,"title":156717,"body":156718,"description":159103,"extension":1611,"meta":159104,"navigation":184,"path":159105,"seo":159106,"stem":159107,"__hash__":159108},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":156719,"toc":159064},[156720,156723,156726,156729,156752,156758,156760,156871,156875,156878,156888,156890,156989,156991,157068,157074,157078,157081,157104,157107,157124,157127,157129,157192,157194,157211,157222,157227,157229,157232,157238,157289,157291,157311,157315,157366,157368,157389,157393,157448,157450,157471,157475,157530,157532,157553,157557,157610,157612,157641,157643,157645,157648,157652,157709,157711,157732,157736,157789,157791,157816,157821,157825,157830,157848,157851,157914,157916,157937,157940,158001,158003,158024,158027,158070,158073,158077,158082,158086,158165,158167,158198,158202,158277,158279,158306,158310,158357,158359,158367,158372,158376,158379,158394,158396,158484,158486,158511,158514,158557,158566,158568,158571,158586,158589,158593,158647,158649,158669,158674,158678,158680,158718,158721,158771,158775,158848,158850,158887,158890,158892,158895,158915,158918,158987,158989,159002,159004,159008,159011,159015,159018,159023,159026,159032,159037,159039,159061],[10,156721,156717],{"id":156722},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,156724,156725],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,156727,156728],{},"Use this format:",[35,156730,156732],{"className":37,"code":156731,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,156733,156734],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156735,156736,156738,156740,156742,156744,156746,156748,156750],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156737,48615],{"class":50},[44,156739,3561],{"class":80},[44,156741,35737],{"class":50},[44,156743,2539],{"class":80},[44,156745,75089],{"class":50},[44,156747,2539],{"class":80},[44,156749,75092],{"class":50},[44,156751,3294],{"class":80},[20,156753,1628,156754,75125,156756,81],{},[15,156755,75089],{},[830,156757,64732],{},[30,156759,1653],{"id":1652},[35,156761,156763],{"className":37,"code":156762,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,156764,156765,156793,156797,156818,156835,156852],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156766,156767,156769,156771,156773,156775,156777,156779,156781,156783,156785,156787,156789,156791],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156768,3276],{"class":50},[44,156770,55],{"class":54},[44,156772,8896],{"class":80},[44,156774,1982],{"class":1675},[44,156776,2646],{"class":80},[44,156778,7452],{"class":1675},[44,156780,2646],{"class":80},[44,156782,7457],{"class":1675},[44,156784,2646],{"class":80},[44,156786,50506],{"class":1675},[44,156788,2646],{"class":80},[44,156790,4743],{"class":1675},[44,156792,104],{"class":80},[44,156794,156795],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,156796,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,156798,156799,156801,156803,156805,156807,156809,156811,156813,156815],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,156800,95],{"class":94},[44,156802,98],{"class":80},[44,156804,3308],{"class":84},[44,156806,3561],{"class":80},[44,156808,2643],{"class":1675},[44,156810,2539],{"class":80},[44,156812,2158],{"class":1675},[44,156814,20113],{"class":80},[44,156816,156817],{"class":3324},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[44,156819,156820,156822,156824,156826,156828,156830,156832],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,156821,95],{"class":94},[44,156823,98],{"class":80},[44,156825,3308],{"class":84},[44,156827,75198],{"class":80},[44,156829,1714],{"class":1675},[44,156831,20113],{"class":80},[44,156833,156834],{"class":3324},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[44,156836,156837,156839,156841,156843,156845,156847,156849],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,156838,95],{"class":94},[44,156840,98],{"class":80},[44,156842,3308],{"class":84},[44,156844,73785],{"class":80},[44,156846,1708],{"class":1675},[44,156848,20113],{"class":80},[44,156850,156851],{"class":3324},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[44,156853,156854,156856,156858,156860,156862,156864,156866,156868],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,156855,95],{"class":94},[44,156857,98],{"class":80},[44,156859,3308],{"class":84},[44,156861,73785],{"class":80},[44,156863,1672],{"class":54},[44,156865,2643],{"class":1675},[44,156867,20113],{"class":80},[44,156869,156870],{"class":3324},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[30,156872,156874],{"id":156873},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,156876,156877],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[139,156879,156880,156882,156885],{},[142,156881,75392],{},[142,156883,156884],{},"The result is a new tuple",[142,156886,156887],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,156889,161],{},[35,156891,156893],{"className":37,"code":156892,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,156894,156895,156943,156947,156965,156969,156979],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156896,156897,156899,156901,156903,156905,156907,156909,156911,156913,156915,156917,156919,156921,156923,156925,156927,156929,156931,156933,156935,156937,156939,156941],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156898,35755],{"class":50},[44,156900,55],{"class":54},[44,156902,8896],{"class":80},[44,156904,362],{"class":58},[44,156906,243],{"class":62},[44,156908,362],{"class":58},[44,156910,2646],{"class":80},[44,156912,59],{"class":58},[44,156914,842],{"class":62},[44,156916,362],{"class":58},[44,156918,2646],{"class":80},[44,156920,59],{"class":58},[44,156922,846],{"class":62},[44,156924,362],{"class":58},[44,156926,2646],{"class":80},[44,156928,59],{"class":58},[44,156930,18434],{"class":62},[44,156932,362],{"class":58},[44,156934,2646],{"class":80},[44,156936,59],{"class":58},[44,156938,60110],{"class":62},[44,156940,362],{"class":58},[44,156942,104],{"class":80},[44,156944,156945],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,156946,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,156948,156949,156951,156953,156955,156957,156959,156961,156963],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,156950,75322],{"class":50},[44,156952,55],{"class":54},[44,156954,69759],{"class":50},[44,156956,3561],{"class":80},[44,156958,2643],{"class":1675},[44,156960,2539],{"class":80},[44,156962,2158],{"class":1675},[44,156964,3294],{"class":80},[44,156966,156967],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,156968,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,156970,156971,156973,156975,156977],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,156972,95],{"class":94},[44,156974,98],{"class":80},[44,156976,75345],{"class":84},[44,156978,104],{"class":80},[44,156980,156981,156983,156985,156987],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,156982,95],{"class":94},[44,156984,98],{"class":80},[44,156986,35808],{"class":84},[44,156988,104],{"class":80},[20,156990,107],{},[35,156992,156994],{"className":37,"code":156993,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,156995,156996,157024],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156997,156998,157000,157002,157004,157006,157008,157010,157012,157014,157016,157018,157020,157022],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156999,98],{"class":80},[44,157001,655],{"class":58},[44,157003,842],{"class":62},[44,157005,655],{"class":58},[44,157007,2646],{"class":80},[44,157009,2955],{"class":58},[44,157011,846],{"class":62},[44,157013,655],{"class":58},[44,157015,2646],{"class":80},[44,157017,2955],{"class":58},[44,157019,18434],{"class":62},[44,157021,655],{"class":58},[44,157023,104],{"class":80},[44,157025,157026,157028,157030,157032,157034,157036,157038,157040,157042,157044,157046,157048,157050,157052,157054,157056,157058,157060,157062,157064,157066],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,157027,98],{"class":80},[44,157029,655],{"class":58},[44,157031,243],{"class":62},[44,157033,655],{"class":58},[44,157035,2646],{"class":80},[44,157037,2955],{"class":58},[44,157039,842],{"class":62},[44,157041,655],{"class":58},[44,157043,2646],{"class":80},[44,157045,2955],{"class":58},[44,157047,846],{"class":62},[44,157049,655],{"class":58},[44,157051,2646],{"class":80},[44,157053,2955],{"class":58},[44,157055,18434],{"class":62},[44,157057,655],{"class":58},[44,157059,2646],{"class":80},[44,157061,2955],{"class":58},[44,157063,60110],{"class":62},[44,157065,655],{"class":58},[44,157067,104],{"class":80},[20,157069,157070,157071,81],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[243,157072,147455],{"href":157073},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[30,157075,157077],{"id":157076},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157079,157080],{},"The full syntax is:",[35,157082,157084],{"className":37,"code":157083,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157085,157086],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157087,157088,157090,157092,157094,157096,157098,157100,157102],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157089,147473],{"class":50},[44,157091,3561],{"class":80},[44,157093,35737],{"class":50},[44,157095,2539],{"class":80},[44,157097,75089],{"class":50},[44,157099,2539],{"class":80},[44,157101,75092],{"class":50},[44,157103,3294],{"class":80},[20,157105,157106],{},"Each part has a job:",[139,157108,157109,157114,157119],{},[142,157110,157111,157113],{},[15,157112,35737],{},": where slicing begins",[142,157115,157116,157118],{},[15,157117,75089],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[142,157120,157121,157123],{},[15,157122,75092],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157125,157126],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157128,161],{},[35,157130,157132],{"className":37,"code":157131,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157133,157134,157166,157170],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157135,157136,157138,157140,157142,157144,157146,157148,157150,157152,157154,157156,157158,157160,157162,157164],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157137,3276],{"class":50},[44,157139,55],{"class":54},[44,157141,8896],{"class":80},[44,157143,1982],{"class":1675},[44,157145,2646],{"class":80},[44,157147,7452],{"class":1675},[44,157149,2646],{"class":80},[44,157151,7457],{"class":1675},[44,157153,2646],{"class":80},[44,157155,50506],{"class":1675},[44,157157,2646],{"class":80},[44,157159,4743],{"class":1675},[44,157161,2646],{"class":80},[44,157163,75763],{"class":1675},[44,157165,104],{"class":80},[44,157167,157168],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,157169,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,157171,157172,157174,157176,157178,157180,157182,157184,157186,157188,157190],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,157173,95],{"class":94},[44,157175,98],{"class":80},[44,157177,3308],{"class":84},[44,157179,3561],{"class":80},[44,157181,2643],{"class":1675},[44,157183,2539],{"class":80},[44,157185,1789],{"class":1675},[44,157187,2539],{"class":80},[44,157189,1708],{"class":1675},[44,157191,3549],{"class":80},[20,157193,107],{},[35,157195,157197],{"className":37,"code":157196,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157198,157199],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157200,157201,157203,157205,157207,157209],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157202,98],{"class":80},[44,157204,15418],{"class":1675},[44,157206,2646],{"class":80},[44,157208,50506],{"class":1675},[44,157210,104],{"class":80},[20,157212,157213,157214,157216,157217,157219,157220,81],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157215,2643],{},", stops before index ",[15,157218,1789],{},", and moves by ",[15,157221,1708],{},[20,157223,157224,157225,81],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[243,157226,149128],{"href":152554},[30,157228,75679],{"id":75678},[20,157230,157231],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[267,157233,157235,157236,5631],{"id":157234},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157237,75693],{},[35,157239,157241],{"className":37,"code":157240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157242,157243,157271,157275],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157244,157245,157247,157249,157251,157253,157255,157257,157259,157261,157263,157265,157267,157269],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157246,3276],{"class":50},[44,157248,55],{"class":54},[44,157250,8896],{"class":80},[44,157252,1982],{"class":1675},[44,157254,2646],{"class":80},[44,157256,7452],{"class":1675},[44,157258,2646],{"class":80},[44,157260,7457],{"class":1675},[44,157262,2646],{"class":80},[44,157264,50506],{"class":1675},[44,157266,2646],{"class":80},[44,157268,4743],{"class":1675},[44,157270,104],{"class":80},[44,157272,157273],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,157274,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,157276,157277,157279,157281,157283,157285,157287],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,157278,95],{"class":94},[44,157280,98],{"class":80},[44,157282,3308],{"class":84},[44,157284,75198],{"class":80},[44,157286,1714],{"class":1675},[44,157288,3549],{"class":80},[20,157290,107],{},[35,157292,157293],{"className":37,"code":150820,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,157294,157295],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157296,157297,157299,157301,157303,157305,157307,157309],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157298,98],{"class":80},[44,157300,1982],{"class":1675},[44,157302,2646],{"class":80},[44,157304,7452],{"class":1675},[44,157306,2646],{"class":80},[44,157308,7457],{"class":1675},[44,157310,104],{"class":80},[267,157312,157314],{"id":157313},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[35,157316,157318],{"className":37,"code":157317,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157319,157320,157348,157352],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157321,157322,157324,157326,157328,157330,157332,157334,157336,157338,157340,157342,157344,157346],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157323,3276],{"class":50},[44,157325,55],{"class":54},[44,157327,8896],{"class":80},[44,157329,1982],{"class":1675},[44,157331,2646],{"class":80},[44,157333,7452],{"class":1675},[44,157335,2646],{"class":80},[44,157337,7457],{"class":1675},[44,157339,2646],{"class":80},[44,157341,50506],{"class":1675},[44,157343,2646],{"class":80},[44,157345,4743],{"class":1675},[44,157347,104],{"class":80},[44,157349,157350],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,157351,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,157353,157354,157356,157358,157360,157362,157364],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,157355,95],{"class":94},[44,157357,98],{"class":80},[44,157359,3308],{"class":84},[44,157361,3561],{"class":80},[44,157363,1708],{"class":1675},[44,157365,77379],{"class":80},[20,157367,107],{},[35,157369,157371],{"className":37,"code":157370,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157372,157373],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157374,157375,157377,157379,157381,157383,157385,157387],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157376,98],{"class":80},[44,157378,36506],{"class":1675},[44,157380,2646],{"class":80},[44,157382,50506],{"class":1675},[44,157384,2646],{"class":80},[44,157386,4743],{"class":1675},[44,157388,104],{"class":80},[267,157390,157392],{"id":157391},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[35,157394,157396],{"className":37,"code":157395,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157397,157398,157426,157430],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157399,157400,157402,157404,157406,157408,157410,157412,157414,157416,157418,157420,157422,157424],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157401,3276],{"class":50},[44,157403,55],{"class":54},[44,157405,8896],{"class":80},[44,157407,1982],{"class":1675},[44,157409,2646],{"class":80},[44,157411,7452],{"class":1675},[44,157413,2646],{"class":80},[44,157415,7457],{"class":1675},[44,157417,2646],{"class":80},[44,157419,50506],{"class":1675},[44,157421,2646],{"class":80},[44,157423,4743],{"class":1675},[44,157425,104],{"class":80},[44,157427,157428],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,157429,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,157431,157432,157434,157436,157438,157440,157442,157444,157446],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,157433,95],{"class":94},[44,157435,98],{"class":80},[44,157437,3308],{"class":84},[44,157439,3561],{"class":80},[44,157441,2643],{"class":1675},[44,157443,2539],{"class":80},[44,157445,2158],{"class":1675},[44,157447,3549],{"class":80},[20,157449,107],{},[35,157451,157453],{"className":37,"code":157452,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157454,157455],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157456,157457,157459,157461,157463,157465,157467,157469],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157458,98],{"class":80},[44,157460,15418],{"class":1675},[44,157462,2646],{"class":80},[44,157464,7457],{"class":1675},[44,157466,2646],{"class":80},[44,157468,50506],{"class":1675},[44,157470,104],{"class":80},[267,157472,157474],{"id":157473},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[35,157476,157478],{"className":37,"code":157477,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157479,157480,157512,157516],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157481,157482,157484,157486,157488,157490,157492,157494,157496,157498,157500,157502,157504,157506,157508,157510],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157483,3276],{"class":50},[44,157485,55],{"class":54},[44,157487,8896],{"class":80},[44,157489,1982],{"class":1675},[44,157491,2646],{"class":80},[44,157493,7452],{"class":1675},[44,157495,2646],{"class":80},[44,157497,7457],{"class":1675},[44,157499,2646],{"class":80},[44,157501,50506],{"class":1675},[44,157503,2646],{"class":80},[44,157505,4743],{"class":1675},[44,157507,2646],{"class":80},[44,157509,75763],{"class":1675},[44,157511,104],{"class":80},[44,157513,157514],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,157515,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,157517,157518,157520,157522,157524,157526,157528],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,157519,95],{"class":94},[44,157521,98],{"class":80},[44,157523,3308],{"class":84},[44,157525,73785],{"class":80},[44,157527,1708],{"class":1675},[44,157529,3549],{"class":80},[20,157531,107],{},[35,157533,157535],{"className":37,"code":157534,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157536,157537],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157538,157539,157541,157543,157545,157547,157549,157551],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157540,98],{"class":80},[44,157542,1982],{"class":1675},[44,157544,2646],{"class":80},[44,157546,7457],{"class":1675},[44,157548,2646],{"class":80},[44,157550,4743],{"class":1675},[44,157552,104],{"class":80},[267,157554,157556],{"id":157555},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[35,157558,157560],{"className":37,"code":157559,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,157561,157562,157590,157594],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157563,157564,157566,157568,157570,157572,157574,157576,157578,157580,157582,157584,157586,157588],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157565,3276],{"class":50},[44,157567,55],{"class":54},[44,157569,8896],{"class":80},[44,157571,1982],{"class":1675},[44,157573,2646],{"class":80},[44,157575,7452],{"class":1675},[44,157577,2646],{"class":80},[44,157579,7457],{"class":1675},[44,157581,2646],{"class":80},[44,157583,50506],{"class":1675},[44,157585,2646],{"class":80},[44,157587,4743],{"class":1675},[44,157589,104],{"class":80},[44,157591,157592],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,157593,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,157595,157596,157598,157600,157602,157604,157606,157608],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,157597,95],{"class":94},[44,157599,98],{"class":80},[44,157601,3308],{"class":84},[44,157603,73785],{"class":80},[44,157605,1672],{"class":54},[44,157607,2643],{"class":1675},[44,157609,3549],{"class":80},[20,157611,107],{},[35,157613,157615],{"className":37,"code":157614,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157616,157617],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157618,157619,157621,157623,157625,157627,157629,157631,157633,157635,157637,157639],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157620,98],{"class":80},[44,157622,76457],{"class":1675},[44,157624,2646],{"class":80},[44,157626,50506],{"class":1675},[44,157628,2646],{"class":80},[44,157630,7457],{"class":1675},[44,157632,2646],{"class":80},[44,157634,7452],{"class":1675},[44,157636,2646],{"class":80},[44,157638,5670],{"class":1675},[44,157640,104],{"class":80},[30,157642,75973],{"id":75972},[20,157644,153827],{},[20,157646,157647],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[267,157649,157651],{"id":157650},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[35,157653,157655],{"className":37,"code":157654,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,157656,157657,157689,157693],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157658,157659,157661,157663,157665,157667,157669,157671,157673,157675,157677,157679,157681,157683,157685,157687],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157660,3276],{"class":50},[44,157662,55],{"class":54},[44,157664,8896],{"class":80},[44,157666,1982],{"class":1675},[44,157668,2646],{"class":80},[44,157670,7452],{"class":1675},[44,157672,2646],{"class":80},[44,157674,7457],{"class":1675},[44,157676,2646],{"class":80},[44,157678,50506],{"class":1675},[44,157680,2646],{"class":80},[44,157682,4743],{"class":1675},[44,157684,2646],{"class":80},[44,157686,75763],{"class":1675},[44,157688,104],{"class":80},[44,157690,157691],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,157692,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,157694,157695,157697,157699,157701,157703,157705,157707],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,157696,95],{"class":94},[44,157698,98],{"class":80},[44,157700,3308],{"class":84},[44,157702,3561],{"class":80},[44,157704,1672],{"class":54},[44,157706,1714],{"class":1675},[44,157708,77379],{"class":80},[20,157710,107],{},[35,157712,157714],{"className":37,"code":157713,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,157715,157716],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157717,157718,157720,157722,157724,157726,157728,157730],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157719,98],{"class":80},[44,157721,56354],{"class":1675},[44,157723,2646],{"class":80},[44,157725,4743],{"class":1675},[44,157727,2646],{"class":80},[44,157729,75763],{"class":1675},[44,157731,104],{"class":80},[267,157733,157735],{"id":157734},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[35,157737,157739],{"className":37,"code":157738,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,157740,157741,157769,157773],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157742,157743,157745,157747,157749,157751,157753,157755,157757,157759,157761,157763,157765,157767],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157744,3276],{"class":50},[44,157746,55],{"class":54},[44,157748,8896],{"class":80},[44,157750,1982],{"class":1675},[44,157752,2646],{"class":80},[44,157754,7452],{"class":1675},[44,157756,2646],{"class":80},[44,157758,7457],{"class":1675},[44,157760,2646],{"class":80},[44,157762,50506],{"class":1675},[44,157764,2646],{"class":80},[44,157766,4743],{"class":1675},[44,157768,104],{"class":80},[44,157770,157771],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,157772,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,157774,157775,157777,157779,157781,157783,157785,157787],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,157776,95],{"class":94},[44,157778,98],{"class":80},[44,157780,3308],{"class":84},[44,157782,75198],{"class":80},[44,157784,1672],{"class":54},[44,157786,2643],{"class":1675},[44,157788,3549],{"class":80},[20,157790,107],{},[35,157792,157794],{"className":37,"code":157793,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157795,157796],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157797,157798,157800,157802,157804,157806,157808,157810,157812,157814],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157799,98],{"class":80},[44,157801,1982],{"class":1675},[44,157803,2646],{"class":80},[44,157805,7452],{"class":1675},[44,157807,2646],{"class":80},[44,157809,7457],{"class":1675},[44,157811,2646],{"class":80},[44,157813,50506],{"class":1675},[44,157815,104],{"class":80},[20,157817,157818,157819,81],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[243,157820,150377],{"href":156711},[30,157822,157824],{"id":157823},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,157826,1628,157827,157829],{},[15,157828,75092],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[139,157831,157832,157834,157836,157842],{},[142,157833,76229],{},[142,157835,76232],{},[142,157837,157838,157841],{},[15,157839,157840],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[142,157843,157844,157845,157847],{},"A step of ",[15,157846,1772],{}," is not allowed",[20,157849,157850],{},"Example with a positive step:",[35,157852,157854],{"className":37,"code":157853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,157855,157856,157888,157892],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157857,157858,157860,157862,157864,157866,157868,157870,157872,157874,157876,157878,157880,157882,157884,157886],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157859,3276],{"class":50},[44,157861,55],{"class":54},[44,157863,8896],{"class":80},[44,157865,1982],{"class":1675},[44,157867,2646],{"class":80},[44,157869,7452],{"class":1675},[44,157871,2646],{"class":80},[44,157873,7457],{"class":1675},[44,157875,2646],{"class":80},[44,157877,50506],{"class":1675},[44,157879,2646],{"class":80},[44,157881,4743],{"class":1675},[44,157883,2646],{"class":80},[44,157885,75763],{"class":1675},[44,157887,104],{"class":80},[44,157889,157890],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,157891,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,157893,157894,157896,157898,157900,157902,157904,157906,157908,157910,157912],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,157895,95],{"class":94},[44,157897,98],{"class":80},[44,157899,3308],{"class":84},[44,157901,3561],{"class":80},[44,157903,2643],{"class":1675},[44,157905,2539],{"class":80},[44,157907,80257],{"class":1675},[44,157909,2539],{"class":80},[44,157911,1708],{"class":1675},[44,157913,3549],{"class":80},[20,157915,107],{},[35,157917,157919],{"className":37,"code":157918,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,157920,157921],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157922,157923,157925,157927,157929,157931,157933,157935],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157924,98],{"class":80},[44,157926,15418],{"class":1675},[44,157928,2646],{"class":80},[44,157930,50506],{"class":1675},[44,157932,2646],{"class":80},[44,157934,75763],{"class":1675},[44,157936,104],{"class":80},[20,157938,157939],{},"Example with a negative step:",[35,157941,157943],{"className":37,"code":157942,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,157944,157945,157973,157977],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157946,157947,157949,157951,157953,157955,157957,157959,157961,157963,157965,157967,157969,157971],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157948,3276],{"class":50},[44,157950,55],{"class":54},[44,157952,8896],{"class":80},[44,157954,1982],{"class":1675},[44,157956,2646],{"class":80},[44,157958,7452],{"class":1675},[44,157960,2646],{"class":80},[44,157962,7457],{"class":1675},[44,157964,2646],{"class":80},[44,157966,50506],{"class":1675},[44,157968,2646],{"class":80},[44,157970,4743],{"class":1675},[44,157972,104],{"class":80},[44,157974,157975],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,157976,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,157978,157979,157981,157983,157985,157987,157989,157991,157993,157995,157997,157999],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,157980,95],{"class":94},[44,157982,98],{"class":80},[44,157984,3308],{"class":84},[44,157986,3561],{"class":80},[44,157988,2158],{"class":1675},[44,157990,2539],{"class":80},[44,157992,2643],{"class":1675},[44,157994,2539],{"class":80},[44,157996,1672],{"class":54},[44,157998,2643],{"class":1675},[44,158000,3549],{"class":80},[20,158002,107],{},[35,158004,158006],{"className":37,"code":158005,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158007,158008],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158009,158010,158012,158014,158016,158018,158020,158022],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158011,98],{"class":80},[44,158013,76457],{"class":1675},[44,158015,2646],{"class":80},[44,158017,50506],{"class":1675},[44,158019,2646],{"class":80},[44,158021,7457],{"class":1675},[44,158023,104],{"class":80},[20,158025,158026],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[35,158028,158030],{"className":37,"code":158029,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158031,158032,158052,158056],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158033,158034,158036,158038,158040,158042,158044,158046,158048,158050],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158035,3276],{"class":50},[44,158037,55],{"class":54},[44,158039,8896],{"class":80},[44,158041,1982],{"class":1675},[44,158043,2646],{"class":80},[44,158045,7452],{"class":1675},[44,158047,2646],{"class":80},[44,158049,7457],{"class":1675},[44,158051,104],{"class":80},[44,158053,158054],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,158055,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,158057,158058,158060,158062,158064,158066,158068],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,158059,95],{"class":94},[44,158061,98],{"class":80},[44,158063,3308],{"class":84},[44,158065,73785],{"class":80},[44,158067,1772],{"class":1675},[44,158069,3549],{"class":80},[20,158071,158072],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[30,158074,158076],{"id":158075},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158078,158079,158080,33408],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[830,158081,48615],{},[267,158083,158085],{"id":158084},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[35,158087,158089],{"className":37,"code":158088,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158090,158091,158115,158119,158137,158141,158151],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158092,158093,158095,158097,158099,158101,158103,158105,158107,158109,158111,158113],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158094,3276],{"class":50},[44,158096,55],{"class":54},[44,158098,8896],{"class":80},[44,158100,1982],{"class":1675},[44,158102,2646],{"class":80},[44,158104,7452],{"class":1675},[44,158106,2646],{"class":80},[44,158108,7457],{"class":1675},[44,158110,2646],{"class":80},[44,158112,50506],{"class":1675},[44,158114,104],{"class":80},[44,158116,158117],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,158118,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,158120,158121,158123,158125,158127,158129,158131,158133,158135],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,158122,1880],{"class":50},[44,158124,55],{"class":54},[44,158126,3926],{"class":50},[44,158128,3561],{"class":80},[44,158130,2643],{"class":1675},[44,158132,2539],{"class":80},[44,158134,1714],{"class":1675},[44,158136,3294],{"class":80},[44,158138,158139],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,158140,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,158142,158143,158145,158147,158149],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,158144,95],{"class":94},[44,158146,98],{"class":80},[44,158148,1915],{"class":84},[44,158150,104],{"class":80},[44,158152,158153,158155,158157,158159,158161,158163],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,158154,95],{"class":94},[44,158156,98],{"class":80},[44,158158,2880],{"class":1461},[44,158160,98],{"class":80},[44,158162,1915],{"class":84},[44,158164,370],{"class":80},[20,158166,107],{},[35,158168,158170],{"className":37,"code":158169,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158171,158172,158184],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158173,158174,158176,158178,158180,158182],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158175,98],{"class":80},[44,158177,15418],{"class":1675},[44,158179,2646],{"class":80},[44,158181,7457],{"class":1675},[44,158183,104],{"class":80},[44,158185,158186,158188,158190,158192,158194,158196],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,158187,2949],{"class":54},[44,158189,2952],{"class":1717},[44,158191,2955],{"class":58},[44,158193,48615],{"class":62},[44,158195,655],{"class":58},[44,158197,2962],{"class":54},[267,158199,158201],{"id":158200},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[35,158203,158205],{"className":37,"code":158204,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158206,158207,158227,158231,158249,158253,158263],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158208,158209,158211,158213,158215,158217,158219,158221,158223,158225],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158210,3276],{"class":50},[44,158212,55],{"class":54},[44,158214,8896],{"class":80},[44,158216,1982],{"class":1675},[44,158218,2646],{"class":80},[44,158220,7452],{"class":1675},[44,158222,2646],{"class":80},[44,158224,7457],{"class":1675},[44,158226,104],{"class":80},[44,158228,158229],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,158230,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,158232,158233,158235,158237,158239,158241,158243,158245,158247],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,158234,1880],{"class":50},[44,158236,55],{"class":54},[44,158238,3926],{"class":50},[44,158240,3561],{"class":80},[44,158242,2643],{"class":1675},[44,158244,2539],{"class":80},[44,158246,1708],{"class":1675},[44,158248,3294],{"class":80},[44,158250,158251],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,158252,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,158254,158255,158257,158259,158261],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,158256,95],{"class":94},[44,158258,98],{"class":80},[44,158260,1915],{"class":84},[44,158262,104],{"class":80},[44,158264,158265,158267,158269,158271,158273,158275],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,158266,95],{"class":94},[44,158268,98],{"class":80},[44,158270,2880],{"class":1461},[44,158272,98],{"class":80},[44,158274,1915],{"class":84},[44,158276,370],{"class":80},[20,158278,107],{},[35,158280,158282],{"className":37,"code":158281,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158283,158284,158292],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158285,158286,158288,158290],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158287,98],{"class":80},[44,158289,15418],{"class":1675},[44,158291,148811],{"class":80},[44,158293,158294,158296,158298,158300,158302,158304],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,158295,2949],{"class":54},[44,158297,2952],{"class":1717},[44,158299,2955],{"class":58},[44,158301,48615],{"class":62},[44,158303,655],{"class":58},[44,158305,2962],{"class":54},[267,158307,158309],{"id":158308},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[35,158311,158313],{"className":37,"code":158312,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158314,158315,158335,158339],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158316,158317,158319,158321,158323,158325,158327,158329,158331,158333],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158318,3276],{"class":50},[44,158320,55],{"class":54},[44,158322,8896],{"class":80},[44,158324,1982],{"class":1675},[44,158326,2646],{"class":80},[44,158328,7452],{"class":1675},[44,158330,2646],{"class":80},[44,158332,7457],{"class":1675},[44,158334,104],{"class":80},[44,158336,158337],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,158338,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,158340,158341,158343,158345,158347,158349,158351,158353,158355],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,158342,95],{"class":94},[44,158344,98],{"class":80},[44,158346,3308],{"class":84},[44,158348,3561],{"class":80},[44,158350,1789],{"class":1675},[44,158352,2539],{"class":80},[44,158354,1997],{"class":1675},[44,158356,3549],{"class":80},[20,158358,107],{},[35,158360,158361],{"className":37,"code":88,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,158362,158363],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158364,158365],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158366,88],{"class":80},[20,158368,158369,158370,81],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[243,158371,155547],{"href":150434},[30,158373,158375],{"id":158374},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158377,158378],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[139,158380,158381,158383,158386,158391],{},[142,158382,76538],{},[142,158384,158385],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[142,158387,158388,158389],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158390,70394],{},[142,158392,158393],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158395,161],{},[35,158397,158399],{"className":37,"code":158398,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158400,158401,158421,158425,158442,158463],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158402,158403,158405,158407,158409,158411,158413,158415,158417,158419],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158404,3276],{"class":50},[44,158406,55],{"class":54},[44,158408,8896],{"class":80},[44,158410,1982],{"class":1675},[44,158412,2646],{"class":80},[44,158414,7452],{"class":1675},[44,158416,2646],{"class":80},[44,158418,7457],{"class":1675},[44,158420,104],{"class":80},[44,158422,158423],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,158424,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,158426,158427,158429,158431,158433,158435,158437,158439],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,158428,95],{"class":94},[44,158430,98],{"class":80},[44,158432,3308],{"class":84},[44,158434,3561],{"class":80},[44,158436,2643],{"class":1675},[44,158438,20113],{"class":80},[44,158440,158441],{"class":3324},"    # one item\n",[44,158443,158444,158446,158448,158450,158452,158454,158456,158458,158460],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,158445,95],{"class":94},[44,158447,98],{"class":80},[44,158449,3308],{"class":84},[44,158451,3561],{"class":80},[44,158453,2643],{"class":1675},[44,158455,2539],{"class":80},[44,158457,1789],{"class":1675},[44,158459,20113],{"class":80},[44,158461,158462],{"class":3324},"  # slice\n",[44,158464,158465,158467,158469,158471,158473,158475,158477,158479,158481],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,158466,95],{"class":94},[44,158468,98],{"class":80},[44,158470,3308],{"class":84},[44,158472,3561],{"class":80},[44,158474,1789],{"class":1675},[44,158476,2539],{"class":80},[44,158478,1997],{"class":1675},[44,158480,20113],{"class":80},[44,158482,158483],{"class":3324},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158485,107],{},[35,158487,158489],{"className":37,"code":158488,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158490,158491,158495,158507],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158492,158493],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158494,70887],{"class":1675},[44,158496,158497,158499,158501,158503,158505],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,158498,98],{"class":80},[44,158500,15418],{"class":1675},[44,158502,2646],{"class":80},[44,158504,7457],{"class":1675},[44,158506,104],{"class":80},[44,158508,158509],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,158510,88],{"class":80},[20,158512,158513],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[35,158515,158517],{"className":37,"code":158516,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158518,158519,158539,158543],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158520,158521,158523,158525,158527,158529,158531,158533,158535,158537],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158522,3276],{"class":50},[44,158524,55],{"class":54},[44,158526,8896],{"class":80},[44,158528,1982],{"class":1675},[44,158530,2646],{"class":80},[44,158532,7452],{"class":1675},[44,158534,2646],{"class":80},[44,158536,7457],{"class":1675},[44,158538,104],{"class":80},[44,158540,158541],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,158542,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,158544,158545,158547,158549,158551,158553,158555],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,158546,95],{"class":94},[44,158548,98],{"class":80},[44,158550,3308],{"class":84},[44,158552,3561],{"class":80},[44,158554,1789],{"class":1675},[44,158556,3549],{"class":80},[20,158558,158559,158560,158562,158563,81],{},"This raises an ",[15,158561,70394],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[243,158564,154300],{"href":158565},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[30,158567,14840],{"id":76805},[20,158569,158570],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[139,158572,158573,158576,158578,158581],{},[142,158574,158575],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[142,158577,60355],{},[142,158579,158580],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[142,158582,158583,158584],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,158585,1772],{},[20,158587,158588],{},"Here are a few examples.",[267,158590,158592],{"id":158591},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[35,158594,158595],{"className":37,"code":157395,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,158596,158597,158625,158629],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158598,158599,158601,158603,158605,158607,158609,158611,158613,158615,158617,158619,158621,158623],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158600,3276],{"class":50},[44,158602,55],{"class":54},[44,158604,8896],{"class":80},[44,158606,1982],{"class":1675},[44,158608,2646],{"class":80},[44,158610,7452],{"class":1675},[44,158612,2646],{"class":80},[44,158614,7457],{"class":1675},[44,158616,2646],{"class":80},[44,158618,50506],{"class":1675},[44,158620,2646],{"class":80},[44,158622,4743],{"class":1675},[44,158624,104],{"class":80},[44,158626,158627],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,158628,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,158630,158631,158633,158635,158637,158639,158641,158643,158645],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,158632,95],{"class":94},[44,158634,98],{"class":80},[44,158636,3308],{"class":84},[44,158638,3561],{"class":80},[44,158640,2643],{"class":1675},[44,158642,2539],{"class":80},[44,158644,2158],{"class":1675},[44,158646,3549],{"class":80},[20,158648,107],{},[35,158650,158651],{"className":37,"code":157452,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,158652,158653],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158654,158655,158657,158659,158661,158663,158665,158667],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158656,98],{"class":80},[44,158658,15418],{"class":1675},[44,158660,2646],{"class":80},[44,158662,7457],{"class":1675},[44,158664,2646],{"class":80},[44,158666,50506],{"class":1675},[44,158668,104],{"class":80},[20,158670,132054,158671,158673],{},[15,158672,2158],{}," is not included.",[267,158675,158677],{"id":158676},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,158679,4190],{},[35,158681,158683],{"className":37,"code":158682,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,158684,158685,158709,158713],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158686,158687,158689,158691,158693,158695,158697,158699,158701,158703,158705,158707],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158688,3276],{"class":50},[44,158690,55],{"class":54},[44,158692,8896],{"class":80},[44,158694,1982],{"class":1675},[44,158696,2646],{"class":80},[44,158698,7452],{"class":1675},[44,158700,2646],{"class":80},[44,158702,7457],{"class":1675},[44,158704,2646],{"class":80},[44,158706,50506],{"class":1675},[44,158708,104],{"class":80},[44,158710,158711],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,158712,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,158714,158715],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,158716,158717],{"class":3324},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,158719,158720],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[35,158722,158723],{"className":37,"code":154380,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,158724,158725,158749,158753],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158726,158727,158729,158731,158733,158735,158737,158739,158741,158743,158745,158747],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158728,3276],{"class":50},[44,158730,55],{"class":54},[44,158732,8896],{"class":80},[44,158734,1982],{"class":1675},[44,158736,2646],{"class":80},[44,158738,7452],{"class":1675},[44,158740,2646],{"class":80},[44,158742,7457],{"class":1675},[44,158744,2646],{"class":80},[44,158746,50506],{"class":1675},[44,158748,104],{"class":80},[44,158750,158751],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,158752,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,158754,158755,158757,158759,158761,158763,158765,158767,158769],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,158756,95],{"class":94},[44,158758,98],{"class":80},[44,158760,3308],{"class":84},[44,158762,3561],{"class":80},[44,158764,2643],{"class":1675},[44,158766,2539],{"class":80},[44,158768,1714],{"class":1675},[44,158770,3549],{"class":80},[267,158772,158774],{"id":158773},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[35,158776,158778],{"className":37,"code":158777,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,158779,158780,158804,158808,158823,158827,158838],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158781,158782,158784,158786,158788,158790,158792,158794,158796,158798,158800,158802],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158783,3276],{"class":50},[44,158785,55],{"class":54},[44,158787,8896],{"class":80},[44,158789,1982],{"class":1675},[44,158791,2646],{"class":80},[44,158793,7452],{"class":1675},[44,158795,2646],{"class":80},[44,158797,7457],{"class":1675},[44,158799,2646],{"class":80},[44,158801,50506],{"class":1675},[44,158803,104],{"class":80},[44,158805,158806],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,158807,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,158809,158810,158813,158815,158817,158819,158821],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,158811,158812],{"class":50},"slice_result ",[44,158814,55],{"class":54},[44,158816,3926],{"class":50},[44,158818,75198],{"class":80},[44,158820,1708],{"class":1675},[44,158822,3294],{"class":80},[44,158824,158825],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,158826,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,158828,158829,158831,158833,158836],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,158830,95],{"class":94},[44,158832,98],{"class":80},[44,158834,158835],{"class":84},"slice_result",[44,158837,104],{"class":80},[44,158839,158840,158842,158844,158846],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,158841,95],{"class":94},[44,158843,98],{"class":80},[44,158845,3308],{"class":84},[44,158847,104],{"class":80},[20,158849,107],{},[35,158851,158853],{"className":37,"code":158852,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158854,158855,158867],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158856,158857,158859,158861,158863,158865],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158858,98],{"class":80},[44,158860,1982],{"class":1675},[44,158862,2646],{"class":80},[44,158864,7452],{"class":1675},[44,158866,104],{"class":80},[44,158868,158869,158871,158873,158875,158877,158879,158881,158883,158885],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,158870,98],{"class":80},[44,158872,1982],{"class":1675},[44,158874,2646],{"class":80},[44,158876,7452],{"class":1675},[44,158878,2646],{"class":80},[44,158880,7457],{"class":1675},[44,158882,2646],{"class":80},[44,158884,50506],{"class":1675},[44,158886,104],{"class":80},[20,158888,158889],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[30,158891,113384],{"id":113383},[20,158893,158894],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[139,158896,158897,158900,158903,158909,158912],{},[142,158898,158899],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[142,158901,158902],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[142,158904,158905,158906],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,158907,158908],{},"tuple[::0]",[142,158910,158911],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[142,158913,158914],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,158916,158917],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[35,158919,158921],{"className":37,"code":158920,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,158922,158923,158933,158951,158973],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158924,158925,158927,158929,158931],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158926,95],{"class":94},[44,158928,98],{"class":80},[44,158930,147473],{"class":84},[44,158932,104],{"class":80},[44,158934,158935,158937,158939,158941,158943,158945,158947,158949],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,158936,95],{"class":94},[44,158938,98],{"class":80},[44,158940,147473],{"class":84},[44,158942,3561],{"class":80},[44,158944,2643],{"class":1675},[44,158946,2539],{"class":80},[44,158948,2158],{"class":1675},[44,158950,3549],{"class":80},[44,158952,158953,158955,158957,158959,158961,158963,158965,158967,158969,158971],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,158954,95],{"class":94},[44,158956,98],{"class":80},[44,158958,2880],{"class":1461},[44,158960,98],{"class":80},[44,158962,147473],{"class":84},[44,158964,3561],{"class":80},[44,158966,2643],{"class":1675},[44,158968,2539],{"class":80},[44,158970,2158],{"class":1675},[44,158972,2656],{"class":80},[44,158974,158975,158977,158979,158981,158983,158985],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,158976,95],{"class":94},[44,158978,98],{"class":80},[44,158980,10822],{"class":94},[44,158982,98],{"class":80},[44,158984,147473],{"class":84},[44,158986,370],{"class":80},[20,158988,10831],{},[139,158990,158991,158993,158996,158999],{},[142,158992,154687],{},[142,158994,158995],{},"what the slice actually returns",[142,158997,158998],{},"that the result is a tuple",[142,159000,159001],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[30,159003,1478],{"id":1477},[267,159005,159007],{"id":159006},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159009,159010],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[267,159012,159014],{"id":159013},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159016,159017],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[267,159019,1504,159021,39627],{"id":159020},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159022,157840],{},[20,159024,159025],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[267,159027,159029,159030,1520],{"id":159028},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159031,70394],{},[20,159033,159034,159035,81],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159036,70394],{},[30,159038,1545],{"id":1544},[139,159040,159041,159045,159049,159053,159057],{},[142,159042,159043],{},[243,159044,155547],{"href":150434},[142,159046,159047],{},[243,159048,149128],{"href":152554},[142,159050,159051],{},[243,159052,150377],{"href":156711},[142,159054,159055],{},[243,159056,147455],{"href":157073},[142,159058,159059],{},[243,159060,154300],{"href":158565},[1577,159062,159063],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":159065},[159066,159067,159068,159069,159077,159081,159082,159087,159088,159093,159094,159102],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":156873,"depth":69,"text":156874},{"id":157076,"depth":69,"text":157077},{"id":75678,"depth":69,"text":75679,"children":159070},[159071,159073,159074,159075,159076],{"id":157234,"depth":91,"text":159072},"Get the first n items",{"id":157313,"depth":91,"text":157314},{"id":157391,"depth":91,"text":157392},{"id":157473,"depth":91,"text":157474},{"id":157555,"depth":91,"text":157556},{"id":75972,"depth":69,"text":75973,"children":159078},[159079,159080],{"id":157650,"depth":91,"text":157651},{"id":157734,"depth":91,"text":157735},{"id":157823,"depth":69,"text":157824},{"id":158075,"depth":69,"text":158076,"children":159083},[159084,159085,159086],{"id":158084,"depth":91,"text":158085},{"id":158200,"depth":91,"text":158201},{"id":158308,"depth":91,"text":158309},{"id":158374,"depth":69,"text":158375},{"id":76805,"depth":69,"text":14840,"children":159089},[159090,159091,159092],{"id":158591,"depth":91,"text":158592},{"id":158676,"depth":91,"text":158677},{"id":158773,"depth":91,"text":158774},{"id":113383,"depth":69,"text":113384},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":159095},[159096,159097,159098,159100],{"id":159006,"depth":91,"text":159007},{"id":159013,"depth":91,"text":159014},{"id":159020,"depth":91,"text":159099},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159028,"depth":91,"text":159101},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":156717,"description":159103},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159110,"title":159111,"body":159112,"description":160935,"extension":1611,"meta":160936,"navigation":184,"path":34471,"seo":160937,"stem":160938,"__hash__":160939},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159113,"toc":160901},[159114,159119,159124,159128,159146,159149,159164,159170,159172,159229,159231,159263,159275,159281,159286,159289,159324,159330,159332,159335,159349,159352,159354,159377,159379,159397,159400,159416,159418,159421,159534,159536,159625,159628,159633,159639,159642,159645,159744,159746,159805,159810,159813,159882,159886,159918,159934,159939,159946,159953,159965,159967,160016,160018,160041,160047,160095,160100,160107,160115,160121,160124,160148,160151,160153,160229,160231,160256,160262,160265,160270,160274,160288,160290,160353,160355,160387,160390,160406,160408,160414,160421,160423,160442,160444,160462,160469,160474,160481,160483,160520,160523,160530,160534,160537,160595,160598,160601,160656,160658,160670,160676,160678,160682,160715,160722,160724,160787,160790,160792,160797,160811,160818,160826,160835,160844,160850,160856,160858,160898],[10,159115,3234,159117,3238],{"id":159116},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159118,1953],{},[20,159120,22,159121,159123],{},[15,159122,1953],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159125,62430,159126,104230],{},[15,159127,1953],{},[139,159129,159130,159133,159136,159139],{},[142,159131,159132],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[142,159134,159135],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[142,159137,159138],{},"debug confusing code",[142,159140,159141,159142],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[243,159143,159144],{"href":7880},[15,159145,419],{},[20,159147,159148],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[35,159150,159152],{"className":37,"code":159151,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"type(object)\n",[15,159153,159154],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159155,159156,159158,159160,159162],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159157,2880],{"class":1461},[44,159159,98],{"class":80},[44,159161,42063],{"class":1461},[44,159163,104],{"class":80},[20,159165,159166,159167,159169],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159168,1953],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[30,159171,33],{"id":32},[35,159173,159175],{"className":37,"code":159174,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159176,159177,159189,159203,159207,159215],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159178,159179,159181,159183,159185,159187],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159180,284],{"class":50},[44,159182,55],{"class":54},[44,159184,59],{"class":58},[44,159186,4666],{"class":62},[44,159188,66],{"class":58},[44,159190,159191,159193,159195,159197,159199,159201],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,159192,95],{"class":94},[44,159194,98],{"class":80},[44,159196,2880],{"class":1461},[44,159198,98],{"class":80},[44,159200,302],{"class":84},[44,159202,370],{"class":80},[44,159204,159205],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,159206,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,159208,159209,159211,159213],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,159210,1867],{"class":50},[44,159212,55],{"class":54},[44,159214,2241],{"class":1675},[44,159216,159217,159219,159221,159223,159225,159227],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,159218,95],{"class":94},[44,159220,98],{"class":80},[44,159222,2880],{"class":1461},[44,159224,98],{"class":80},[44,159226,1890],{"class":84},[44,159228,370],{"class":80},[20,159230,107],{},[35,159232,159233],{"className":37,"code":124725,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159234,159235,159249],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159236,159237,159239,159241,159243,159245,159247],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159238,2949],{"class":54},[44,159240,2952],{"class":1717},[44,159242,2955],{"class":58},[44,159244,1462],{"class":62},[44,159246,655],{"class":58},[44,159248,2962],{"class":54},[44,159250,159251,159253,159255,159257,159259,159261],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,159252,2949],{"class":54},[44,159254,2952],{"class":1717},[44,159256,2955],{"class":58},[44,159258,1840],{"class":62},[44,159260,655],{"class":58},[44,159262,2962],{"class":54},[20,159264,119,159265,159268,159269,4057,159272,81],{},[15,159266,159267],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159270,159271],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159273,159274],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[30,159276,12659,159278,159280],{"id":159277},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159279,1953],{}," function does",[20,159282,159283,159285],{},[15,159284,1953],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159287,159288],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[139,159290,159291,159296,159301,159306,159311,159316],{},[142,159292,159293,159295],{},[15,159294,1462],{}," for text",[142,159297,159298,159300],{},[15,159299,1840],{}," for whole numbers",[142,159302,159303,159305],{},[15,159304,1843],{}," for decimal numbers",[142,159307,159308,159310],{},[15,159309,7754],{}," for lists",[142,159312,159313,159315],{},[15,159314,8480],{}," for dictionaries",[142,159317,159318,68758,159320,4057,159322],{},[15,159319,3529],{},[15,159321,3263],{},[15,159323,3335],{},[20,159325,159326,159327,159329],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159328,1953],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[30,159331,250],{"id":249},[20,159333,159334],{},"The main beginner form is:",[35,159336,159337],{"className":37,"code":159151,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159338,159339],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159340,159341,159343,159345,159347],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159342,2880],{"class":1461},[44,159344,98],{"class":80},[44,159346,42063],{"class":1461},[44,159348,104],{"class":80},[20,159350,159351],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159353,161],{},[35,159355,159357],{"className":37,"code":159356,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159358,159359],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159360,159361,159363,159365,159367,159369,159371,159373,159375],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159362,95],{"class":94},[44,159364,98],{"class":80},[44,159366,2880],{"class":1461},[44,159368,98],{"class":80},[44,159370,362],{"class":58},[44,159372,986],{"class":62},[44,159374,362],{"class":58},[44,159376,370],{"class":80},[20,159378,107],{},[35,159380,159381],{"className":37,"code":45433,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159382,159383],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159384,159385,159387,159389,159391,159393,159395],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159386,2949],{"class":54},[44,159388,2952],{"class":1717},[44,159390,2955],{"class":58},[44,159392,1462],{"class":62},[44,159394,655],{"class":58},[44,159396,2962],{"class":54},[20,159398,159399],{},"You can pass either:",[139,159401,159402,159409],{},[142,159403,159404,159405,2532,159407],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159406,64197],{},[15,159408,46188],{},[142,159410,159411,159412,2532,159414],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159413,302],{},[15,159415,8959],{},[30,159417,121543],{"id":121542},[20,159419,159420],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[35,159422,159424],{"className":37,"code":159423,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159425,159426,159444,159458,159472,159494,159520],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159427,159428,159430,159432,159434,159436,159438,159440,159442],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159429,95],{"class":94},[44,159431,98],{"class":80},[44,159433,2880],{"class":1461},[44,159435,98],{"class":80},[44,159437,362],{"class":58},[44,159439,986],{"class":62},[44,159441,362],{"class":58},[44,159443,370],{"class":80},[44,159445,159446,159448,159450,159452,159454,159456],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,159447,95],{"class":94},[44,159449,98],{"class":80},[44,159451,2880],{"class":1461},[44,159453,98],{"class":80},[44,159455,1982],{"class":1675},[44,159457,370],{"class":80},[44,159459,159460,159462,159464,159466,159468,159470],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,159461,95],{"class":94},[44,159463,98],{"class":80},[44,159465,2880],{"class":1461},[44,159467,98],{"class":80},[44,159469,39810],{"class":1675},[44,159471,370],{"class":80},[44,159473,159474,159476,159478,159480,159482,159484,159486,159488,159490,159492],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,159475,95],{"class":94},[44,159477,98],{"class":80},[44,159479,2880],{"class":1461},[44,159481,2640],{"class":80},[44,159483,2643],{"class":1675},[44,159485,2646],{"class":80},[44,159487,2649],{"class":1675},[44,159489,2646],{"class":80},[44,159491,2104],{"class":1675},[44,159493,2656],{"class":80},[44,159495,159496,159498,159500,159502,159504,159506,159508,159510,159512,159514,159516,159518],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,159497,95],{"class":94},[44,159499,98],{"class":80},[44,159501,2880],{"class":1461},[44,159503,5194],{"class":80},[44,159505,362],{"class":58},[44,159507,302],{"class":62},[44,159509,362],{"class":58},[44,159511,2539],{"class":80},[44,159513,59],{"class":58},[44,159515,4666],{"class":62},[44,159517,362],{"class":58},[44,159519,5203],{"class":80},[44,159521,159522,159524,159526,159528,159530,159532],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,159523,95],{"class":94},[44,159525,98],{"class":80},[44,159527,2880],{"class":1461},[44,159529,98],{"class":80},[44,159531,3263],{"class":3513},[44,159533,370],{"class":80},[20,159535,107],{},[35,159537,159539],{"className":37,"code":159538,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,159540,159541,159555,159569,159583,159597,159611],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159542,159543,159545,159547,159549,159551,159553],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159544,2949],{"class":54},[44,159546,2952],{"class":1717},[44,159548,2955],{"class":58},[44,159550,1462],{"class":62},[44,159552,655],{"class":58},[44,159554,2962],{"class":54},[44,159556,159557,159559,159561,159563,159565,159567],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,159558,2949],{"class":54},[44,159560,2952],{"class":1717},[44,159562,2955],{"class":58},[44,159564,1840],{"class":62},[44,159566,655],{"class":58},[44,159568,2962],{"class":54},[44,159570,159571,159573,159575,159577,159579,159581],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,159572,2949],{"class":54},[44,159574,2952],{"class":1717},[44,159576,2955],{"class":58},[44,159578,1843],{"class":62},[44,159580,655],{"class":58},[44,159582,2962],{"class":54},[44,159584,159585,159587,159589,159591,159593,159595],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,159586,2949],{"class":54},[44,159588,2952],{"class":1717},[44,159590,2955],{"class":58},[44,159592,7754],{"class":62},[44,159594,655],{"class":58},[44,159596,2962],{"class":54},[44,159598,159599,159601,159603,159605,159607,159609],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,159600,2949],{"class":54},[44,159602,2952],{"class":1717},[44,159604,2955],{"class":58},[44,159606,8480],{"class":62},[44,159608,655],{"class":58},[44,159610,2962],{"class":54},[44,159612,159613,159615,159617,159619,159621,159623],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,159614,2949],{"class":54},[44,159616,2952],{"class":1717},[44,159618,2955],{"class":58},[44,159620,3529],{"class":62},[44,159622,655],{"class":58},[44,159624,2962],{"class":54},[20,159626,159627],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,159629,159630,159631,81],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[243,159632,44460],{"href":48640},[30,159634,675,159636,159638],{"id":159635},"using-type-with-variables",[15,159637,1953],{}," with variables",[20,159640,159641],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,159643,159644],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[35,159646,159648],{"className":37,"code":159647,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,159649,159650,159658,159676,159680,159692,159710,159714,159726],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159651,159652,159654,159656],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159653,2099],{"class":50},[44,159655,55],{"class":54},[44,159657,2241],{"class":1675},[44,159659,159660,159662,159664,159666,159668,159670,159672,159674],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,159661,95],{"class":94},[44,159663,98],{"class":80},[44,159665,2126],{"class":84},[44,159667,2646],{"class":80},[44,159669,49052],{"class":1461},[44,159671,98],{"class":80},[44,159673,2126],{"class":84},[44,159675,370],{"class":80},[44,159677,159678],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,159679,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,159681,159682,159684,159686,159688,159690],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,159683,2099],{"class":50},[44,159685,55],{"class":54},[44,159687,59],{"class":58},[44,159689,45570],{"class":62},[44,159691,66],{"class":58},[44,159693,159694,159696,159698,159700,159702,159704,159706,159708],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,159695,95],{"class":94},[44,159697,98],{"class":80},[44,159699,2126],{"class":84},[44,159701,2646],{"class":80},[44,159703,49052],{"class":1461},[44,159705,98],{"class":80},[44,159707,2126],{"class":84},[44,159709,370],{"class":80},[44,159711,159712],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,159713,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,159715,159716,159718,159720,159722,159724],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,159717,2099],{"class":50},[44,159719,55],{"class":54},[44,159721,3281],{"class":80},[44,159723,1982],{"class":1675},[44,159725,3294],{"class":80},[44,159727,159728,159730,159732,159734,159736,159738,159740,159742],{"class":46,"line":6089},[44,159729,95],{"class":94},[44,159731,98],{"class":80},[44,159733,2126],{"class":84},[44,159735,2646],{"class":80},[44,159737,49052],{"class":1461},[44,159739,98],{"class":80},[44,159741,2126],{"class":84},[44,159743,370],{"class":80},[20,159745,107],{},[35,159747,159749],{"className":37,"code":159748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,159750,159751,159768,159785],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159752,159753,159755,159758,159760,159762,159764,159766],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159754,1982],{"class":1675},[44,159756,159757],{"class":54}," \u003C",[44,159759,2952],{"class":1717},[44,159761,2955],{"class":58},[44,159763,1840],{"class":62},[44,159765,655],{"class":58},[44,159767,2962],{"class":54},[44,159769,159770,159773,159775,159777,159779,159781,159783],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,159771,159772],{"class":50},"ten ",[44,159774,2949],{"class":54},[44,159776,2952],{"class":1717},[44,159778,2955],{"class":58},[44,159780,1462],{"class":62},[44,159782,655],{"class":58},[44,159784,2962],{"class":54},[44,159786,159787,159789,159791,159793,159795,159797,159799,159801,159803],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,159788,3561],{"class":80},[44,159790,1982],{"class":1675},[44,159792,12936],{"class":80},[44,159794,159757],{"class":54},[44,159796,2952],{"class":1717},[44,159798,2955],{"class":58},[44,159800,7754],{"class":62},[44,159802,655],{"class":58},[44,159804,2962],{"class":54},[20,159806,159807,159809],{},[15,159808,1953],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,159811,159812],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[35,159814,159816],{"className":37,"code":159815,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,159817,159818,159836,159850,159854,159868],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159819,159820,159822,159824,159826,159828,159830,159832,159834],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159821,3050],{"class":50},[44,159823,55],{"class":54},[44,159825,7903],{"class":94},[44,159827,98],{"class":80},[44,159829,362],{"class":58},[44,159831,41535],{"class":62},[44,159833,362],{"class":58},[44,159835,104],{"class":80},[44,159837,159838,159840,159842,159844,159846,159848],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,159839,95],{"class":94},[44,159841,98],{"class":80},[44,159843,2880],{"class":1461},[44,159845,98],{"class":80},[44,159847,3076],{"class":84},[44,159849,370],{"class":80},[44,159851,159852],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,159853,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,159855,159856,159858,159860,159862,159864,159866],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,159857,122654],{"class":50},[44,159859,55],{"class":54},[44,159861,44939],{"class":1461},[44,159863,98],{"class":80},[44,159865,3076],{"class":84},[44,159867,104],{"class":80},[44,159869,159870,159872,159874,159876,159878,159880],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,159871,95],{"class":94},[44,159873,98],{"class":80},[44,159875,2880],{"class":1461},[44,159877,98],{"class":80},[44,159879,122677],{"class":84},[44,159881,370],{"class":80},[20,159883,40788,159884,40792],{},[15,159885,8853],{},[35,159887,159888],{"className":37,"code":124725,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159889,159890,159904],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159891,159892,159894,159896,159898,159900,159902],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159893,2949],{"class":54},[44,159895,2952],{"class":1717},[44,159897,2955],{"class":58},[44,159899,1462],{"class":62},[44,159901,655],{"class":58},[44,159903,2962],{"class":54},[44,159905,159906,159908,159910,159912,159914,159916],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,159907,2949],{"class":54},[44,159909,2952],{"class":1717},[44,159911,2955],{"class":58},[44,159913,1840],{"class":62},[44,159915,655],{"class":58},[44,159917,2962],{"class":54},[20,159919,45366,159920,159924,159925,2532,159929,159933],{},[243,159921,159922],{"href":7880},[15,159923,419],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[243,159926,159927],{"href":2528},[15,159928,2531],{},[243,159930,159931],{"href":2535},[15,159932,2538],{}," if you need a number.",[20,159935,159936,159937,81],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[243,159938,8640],{"href":8639},[30,159940,159942,866,159944],{"id":159941},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,159943,1953],{},[15,159945,44468],{},[20,159947,159948,4057,159950,159952],{},[15,159949,1953],{},[15,159951,44468],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[139,159954,159955,159960],{},[142,159956,159957,159959],{},[15,159958,1953],{}," tells you the exact type",[142,159961,159962,159964],{},[15,159963,44468],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,159966,161],{},[35,159968,159970],{"className":37,"code":159969,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,159971,159972,159980,159984,159998],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159973,159974,159976,159978],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159975,2099],{"class":50},[44,159977,55],{"class":54},[44,159979,34505],{"class":1675},[44,159981,159982],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,159983,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,159985,159986,159988,159990,159992,159994,159996],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,159987,95],{"class":94},[44,159989,98],{"class":80},[44,159991,2880],{"class":1461},[44,159993,98],{"class":80},[44,159995,2126],{"class":84},[44,159997,370],{"class":80},[44,159999,160000,160002,160004,160006,160008,160010,160012,160014],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,160001,95],{"class":94},[44,160003,98],{"class":80},[44,160005,48537],{"class":94},[44,160007,98],{"class":80},[44,160009,2126],{"class":84},[44,160011,2646],{"class":80},[44,160013,44939],{"class":1461},[44,160015,370],{"class":80},[20,160017,107],{},[35,160019,160021],{"className":37,"code":160020,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160022,160023,160037],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160024,160025,160027,160029,160031,160033,160035],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160026,2949],{"class":54},[44,160028,2952],{"class":1717},[44,160030,2955],{"class":58},[44,160032,1840],{"class":62},[44,160034,655],{"class":58},[44,160036,2962],{"class":54},[44,160038,160039],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,160040,3641],{"class":3513},[20,160042,160043,160044,160046],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160045,44468],{}," is more practical.",[35,160048,160050],{"className":37,"code":160049,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160051,160052,160060,160064,160080],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160053,160054,160056,160058],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160055,2099],{"class":50},[44,160057,55],{"class":54},[44,160059,34505],{"class":1675},[44,160061,160062],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,160063,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,160065,160066,160068,160070,160072,160074,160076,160078],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,160067,525],{"class":524},[44,160069,49275],{"class":94},[44,160071,98],{"class":80},[44,160073,2126],{"class":84},[44,160075,2646],{"class":80},[44,160077,44939],{"class":1461},[44,160079,8003],{"class":80},[44,160081,160082,160084,160086,160088,160091,160093],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,160083,553],{"class":94},[44,160085,98],{"class":80},[44,160087,362],{"class":58},[44,160089,160090],{"class":62},"This is an integer",[44,160092,362],{"class":58},[44,160094,104],{"class":80},[20,160096,119,160097,160099],{},[15,160098,1953],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160101,119,160102,160104,160105,6835],{},[15,160103,44468],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160106,525],{},[20,160108,160109,160110,81],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[243,160111,3234,160113,3167],{"href":160112},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160114,44468],{},[30,160116,160118,160119],{"id":160117},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160120,1953],{},[20,160122,160123],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[35,160125,160127],{"className":37,"code":160126,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160128,160129],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160130,160131,160133,160135,160137,160139,160142,160144,160146],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160132,2880],{"class":1461},[44,160134,98],{"class":80},[44,160136,302],{"class":84},[44,160138,2646],{"class":80},[44,160140,160141],{"class":84}," bases",[44,160143,2646],{"class":80},[44,160145,8830],{"class":1461},[44,160147,104],{"class":80},[20,160149,160150],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160152,161],{},[35,160154,160156],{"className":37,"code":160155,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160157,160158,160201,160205,160215],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160159,160160,160163,160165,160167,160169,160171,160174,160176,160178,160181,160183,160185,160188,160190,160192,160194,160197,160199],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160161,160162],{"class":50},"Person ",[44,160164,55],{"class":54},[44,160166,49052],{"class":1461},[44,160168,98],{"class":80},[44,160170,362],{"class":58},[44,160172,160173],{"class":62},"Person",[44,160175,362],{"class":58},[44,160177,2646],{"class":80},[44,160179,160180],{"class":80}," (),",[44,160182,10151],{"class":80},[44,160184,362],{"class":58},[44,160186,160187],{"class":62},"species",[44,160189,362],{"class":58},[44,160191,2539],{"class":80},[44,160193,59],{"class":58},[44,160195,160196],{"class":62},"human",[44,160198,362],{"class":58},[44,160200,30164],{"class":80},[44,160202,160203],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,160204,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,160206,160207,160209,160211,160213],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,160208,95],{"class":94},[44,160210,98],{"class":80},[44,160212,160173],{"class":84},[44,160214,104],{"class":80},[44,160216,160217,160219,160221,160223,160225,160227],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,160218,95],{"class":94},[44,160220,98],{"class":80},[44,160222,160173],{"class":84},[44,160224,81],{"class":80},[44,160226,160187],{"class":1467},[44,160228,104],{"class":80},[20,160230,107],{},[35,160232,160234],{"className":37,"code":160233,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160235,160236,160251],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160237,160238,160240,160242,160244,160247,160249],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160239,2949],{"class":54},[44,160241,2952],{"class":1717},[44,160243,2955],{"class":58},[44,160245,160246],{"class":62},"__main__.Person",[44,160248,655],{"class":58},[44,160250,2962],{"class":54},[44,160252,160253],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,160254,160255],{"class":50},"human\n",[20,160257,160258,160259,160261],{},"Most beginners do ",[830,160260,832],{}," need this form.",[20,160263,160264],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[30,160266,1133,160268],{"id":160267},"when-to-use-type",[15,160269,1953],{},[20,160271,160272,12107],{},[15,160273,1953],{},[139,160275,160276,160279,160282,160285],{},[142,160277,160278],{},"debug unexpected values",[142,160280,160281],{},"check what a conversion produced",[142,160283,160284],{},"learn Python data types",[142,160286,160287],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160289,5136],{},[35,160291,160293],{"className":37,"code":160292,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160294,160295,160307,160321,160325,160339],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160296,160297,160299,160301,160303,160305],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160298,51],{"class":50},[44,160300,55],{"class":54},[44,160302,59],{"class":58},[44,160304,49908],{"class":62},[44,160306,66],{"class":58},[44,160308,160309,160311,160313,160315,160317,160319],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,160310,1867],{"class":50},[44,160312,55],{"class":54},[44,160314,44939],{"class":1461},[44,160316,98],{"class":80},[44,160318,194],{"class":84},[44,160320,104],{"class":80},[44,160322,160323],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,160324,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,160326,160327,160329,160331,160333,160335,160337],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,160328,95],{"class":94},[44,160330,98],{"class":80},[44,160332,2880],{"class":1461},[44,160334,98],{"class":80},[44,160336,194],{"class":84},[44,160338,370],{"class":80},[44,160340,160341,160343,160345,160347,160349,160351],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,160342,95],{"class":94},[44,160344,98],{"class":80},[44,160346,2880],{"class":1461},[44,160348,98],{"class":80},[44,160350,1890],{"class":84},[44,160352,370],{"class":80},[20,160354,107],{},[35,160356,160357],{"className":37,"code":124725,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,160358,160359,160373],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160360,160361,160363,160365,160367,160369,160371],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160362,2949],{"class":54},[44,160364,2952],{"class":1717},[44,160366,2955],{"class":58},[44,160368,1462],{"class":62},[44,160370,655],{"class":58},[44,160372,2962],{"class":54},[44,160374,160375,160377,160379,160381,160383,160385],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,160376,2949],{"class":54},[44,160378,2952],{"class":1717},[44,160380,2955],{"class":58},[44,160382,1840],{"class":62},[44,160384,655],{"class":58},[44,160386,2962],{"class":54},[20,160388,160389],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160391,160392,160393,839,160397,16737,160401,160405],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[243,160394,160395],{"href":41839},[15,160396,47346],{},[243,160398,160399],{"href":2528},[15,160400,2531],{},[243,160402,160403],{"href":2535},[15,160404,2538],{}," are often the next step.",[30,160407,25025],{"id":25024},[20,160409,160410,160411,160413],{},"A few things about ",[15,160412,1953],{}," often confuse beginners.",[267,160415,160417,160420],{"id":160416},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160418,160419],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160422,64306],{},[35,160424,160426],{"className":37,"code":160425,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160427,160428],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160429,160430,160432,160434,160436,160438,160440],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160431,95],{"class":94},[44,160433,98],{"class":80},[44,160435,2880],{"class":1461},[44,160437,98],{"class":80},[44,160439,1789],{"class":1675},[44,160441,370],{"class":80},[20,160443,122573],{},[35,160445,160446],{"className":37,"code":155895,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,160447,160448],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160449,160450,160452,160454,160456,160458,160460],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160451,2949],{"class":54},[44,160453,2952],{"class":1717},[44,160455,2955],{"class":58},[44,160457,1840],{"class":62},[44,160459,655],{"class":58},[44,160461,2962],{"class":54},[20,160463,40573,160464,160466,160467,81],{},[830,160465,832],{}," print just ",[15,160468,1840],{},[20,160470,6340,160471,160473],{},[15,160472,1953],{}," returns a class object.",[267,160475,160477,2049,160479],{"id":160476},"input-returns-str",[15,160478,419],{},[15,160480,1462],{},[20,160482,79205],{},[35,160484,160486],{"className":37,"code":160485,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160487,160488,160506],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160489,160490,160492,160494,160496,160498,160500,160502,160504],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160491,2099],{"class":50},[44,160493,55],{"class":54},[44,160495,7903],{"class":94},[44,160497,98],{"class":80},[44,160499,362],{"class":58},[44,160501,45973],{"class":62},[44,160503,362],{"class":58},[44,160505,104],{"class":80},[44,160507,160508,160510,160512,160514,160516,160518],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,160509,95],{"class":94},[44,160511,98],{"class":80},[44,160513,2880],{"class":1461},[44,160515,98],{"class":80},[44,160517,2126],{"class":84},[44,160519,370],{"class":80},[20,160521,160522],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160524,160525,160526,2532,160528,81],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160527,2531],{},[15,160529,2538],{},[267,160531,160533],{"id":160532},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,160535,160536],{},"Avoid code like this:",[35,160538,160540],{"className":37,"code":160539,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,160541,160542,160550,160554,160580],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160543,160544,160546,160548],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160545,2099],{"class":50},[44,160547,55],{"class":54},[44,160549,34505],{"class":1675},[44,160551,160552],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,160553,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,160555,160556,160558,160560,160562,160564,160566,160568,160570,160572,160574,160576,160578],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,160557,525],{"class":524},[44,160559,48566],{"class":1461},[44,160561,98],{"class":80},[44,160563,2880],{"class":1461},[44,160565,98],{"class":80},[44,160567,2126],{"class":84},[44,160569,5025],{"class":80},[44,160571,538],{"class":54},[44,160573,59],{"class":58},[44,160575,159274],{"class":62},[44,160577,362],{"class":58},[44,160579,548],{"class":80},[44,160581,160582,160584,160586,160588,160591,160593],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,160583,553],{"class":94},[44,160585,98],{"class":80},[44,160587,362],{"class":58},[44,160589,160590],{"class":62},"It is an int",[44,160592,362],{"class":58},[44,160594,104],{"class":80},[20,160596,160597],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,160599,160600],{},"Better options:",[35,160602,160604],{"className":37,"code":160603,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160605,160606,160614,160618,160638],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160607,160608,160610,160612],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160609,2099],{"class":50},[44,160611,55],{"class":54},[44,160613,34505],{"class":1675},[44,160615,160616],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,160617,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,160619,160620,160622,160624,160626,160628,160630,160632,160634,160636],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,160621,95],{"class":94},[44,160623,98],{"class":80},[44,160625,2880],{"class":1461},[44,160627,98],{"class":80},[44,160629,2126],{"class":84},[44,160631,3321],{"class":80},[44,160633,538],{"class":54},[44,160635,44939],{"class":1461},[44,160637,104],{"class":80},[44,160639,160640,160642,160644,160646,160648,160650,160652,160654],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,160641,95],{"class":94},[44,160643,98],{"class":80},[44,160645,48537],{"class":94},[44,160647,98],{"class":80},[44,160649,2126],{"class":84},[44,160651,2646],{"class":80},[44,160653,44939],{"class":1461},[44,160655,370],{"class":80},[20,160657,107],{},[35,160659,160660],{"className":37,"code":4169,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,160661,160662,160666],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160663,160664],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160665,3641],{"class":3513},[44,160667,160668],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,160669,3641],{"class":3513},[20,160671,160672,160673,160675],{},"In most real code, ",[15,160674,44468],{}," is the more useful check.",[30,160677,1238],{"id":1237},[20,160679,14396,160680,2539],{},[15,160681,1953],{},[139,160683,160684,160694,160703,160712],{},[142,160685,675,160686,160688,160689,160693],{},[15,160687,1953],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[243,160690,160691],{"href":7880},[15,160692,419],{}," always returns a string",[142,160695,1246,160696,160698,160699,10752,160701],{},[15,160697,1953],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,160700,1840],{},[15,160702,159274],{},[142,160704,675,160705,44292,160708,160711],{},[15,160706,160707],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,160709,160710],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[142,160713,160714],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,160716,160717,160718,81],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[243,160719,160721],{"href":160720},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,160723,1390],{},[35,160725,160727],{"className":37,"code":160726,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,160728,160729,160743,160753,160767,160777],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160730,160731,160733,160735,160737,160739,160741],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160732,95],{"class":94},[44,160734,98],{"class":80},[44,160736,2880],{"class":1461},[44,160738,98],{"class":80},[44,160740,2126],{"class":84},[44,160742,370],{"class":80},[44,160744,160745,160747,160749,160751],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,160746,95],{"class":94},[44,160748,98],{"class":80},[44,160750,2126],{"class":84},[44,160752,104],{"class":80},[44,160754,160755,160757,160759,160761,160763,160765],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,160756,95],{"class":94},[44,160758,98],{"class":80},[44,160760,617],{"class":94},[44,160762,98],{"class":80},[44,160764,2126],{"class":84},[44,160766,370],{"class":80},[44,160768,160769,160771,160773,160775],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,160770,1456],{"class":94},[44,160772,98],{"class":80},[44,160774,2880],{"class":1461},[44,160776,104],{"class":80},[44,160778,160779,160781,160783,160785],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,160780,34037],{"class":94},[44,160782,98],{"class":80},[44,160784,2126],{"class":84},[44,160786,104],{"class":80},[20,160788,160789],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[30,160791,1478],{"id":1477},[267,160793,1504,160795,4807],{"id":160794},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,160796,1953],{},[20,160798,160799,160800,839,160802,839,160804,843,160806,160808,160809,81],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,160801,1462],{},[15,160803,1840],{},[15,160805,7754],{},[15,160807,8480],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,160810,159271],{},[267,160812,14566,160814,56867,160816,1520],{"id":160813},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,160815,1953],{},[15,160817,44468],{},[20,160819,1488,160820,160822,160823,160825],{},[15,160821,1953],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,160824,44468],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[267,160827,4820,160829,160832,160833,1520],{"id":160828},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,160830,160831],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,160834,1462],{},[20,160836,28729,160837,160839,160840,2532,160842,159933],{},[15,160838,419],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,160841,2531],{},[15,160843,2538],{},[267,160845,4832,160847,160849],{"id":160846},"can-type-create-classes",[15,160848,1953],{}," create classes?",[20,160851,160852,160853,81],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,160854,160855],{},"type(object)",[30,160857,1545],{"id":1544},[139,160859,160860,160864,160870,160876,160880,160886,160892],{},[142,160861,160862],{},[243,160863,44460],{"href":48640},[142,160865,160866],{},[243,160867,3234,160868,3167],{"href":160112},[15,160869,44468],{},[142,160871,160872],{},[243,160873,3234,160874,3167],{"href":7880},[15,160875,419],{},[142,160877,160878],{},[243,160879,8717],{"href":8639},[142,160881,160882],{},[243,160883,3234,160884,3167],{"href":2528},[15,160885,2531],{},[142,160887,160888],{},[243,160889,3234,160890,3167],{"href":2535},[15,160891,2538],{},[142,160893,160894],{},[243,160895,3234,160896,3167],{"href":41839},[15,160897,47346],{},[1577,160899,160900],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":160902},[160903,160904,160906,160907,160908,160910,160912,160914,160916,160923,160924,160934],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":159277,"depth":69,"text":160905},"What the type() function does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":121542,"depth":69,"text":121543},{"id":159635,"depth":69,"text":160909},"Using type() with variables",{"id":159941,"depth":69,"text":160911},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160117,"depth":69,"text":160913},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160267,"depth":69,"text":160915},"When to use type()",{"id":25024,"depth":69,"text":25025,"children":160917},[160918,160920,160922],{"id":160416,"depth":91,"text":160919},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160476,"depth":91,"text":160921},"input() returns str",{"id":160532,"depth":91,"text":160533},{"id":1237,"depth":69,"text":1238},{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":160925},[160926,160928,160930,160932],{"id":160794,"depth":91,"text":160927},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":160813,"depth":91,"text":160929},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":160828,"depth":91,"text":160931},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":160846,"depth":91,"text":160933},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159111,"description":160935},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":160941,"title":160942,"body":160943,"description":163422,"extension":1611,"meta":163423,"navigation":184,"path":163424,"seo":163425,"stem":163426,"__hash__":163427},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":160944,"toc":163379},[160945,160950,160955,160964,160966,161066,161068,161093,161098,161103,161119,161122,161124,161126,161151,161154,161157,161240,161242,161291,161294,161416,161418,161491,161495,161498,161612,161614,161640,161642,161663,161668,161672,161677,161680,161784,161786,161803,161812,161815,161902,161904,161915,161920,161926,161931,161937,161940,162033,162035,162084,162090,162093,162194,162196,162249,162254,162258,162261,162360,162362,162401,162404,162409,162411,162416,162420,162533,162537,162634,162638,162726,162728,162745,162749,162872,162878,162884,162890,162895,162898,162925,162929,162931,163025,163028,163032,163035,163122,163125,163160,163162,163199,163202,163210,163215,163220,163294,163301,163303,163308,163311,163317,163320,163326,163331,163337,163342,163346,163349,163351,163376],[10,160946,3234,160948,3238],{"id":160947},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,160949,63982],{},[20,160951,160952,160954],{},[15,160953,63982],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,160956,160957,160958,160960,160961,160963],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,160959,63982],{}," inside a ",[15,160962,5623],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[30,160965,1653],{"id":1652},[35,160967,160969],{"className":37,"code":160968,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,160970,160971,161003,161023,161027,161052],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160972,160973,160975,160977,160979,160981,160983,160985,160987,160989,160991,160993,160995,160997,160999,161001],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160974,4657],{"class":50},[44,160976,55],{"class":54},[44,160978,3281],{"class":80},[44,160980,362],{"class":58},[44,160982,12543],{"class":62},[44,160984,362],{"class":58},[44,160986,2646],{"class":80},[44,160988,59],{"class":58},[44,160990,35605],{"class":62},[44,160992,362],{"class":58},[44,160994,2646],{"class":80},[44,160996,59],{"class":58},[44,160998,35614],{"class":62},[44,161000,362],{"class":58},[44,161002,3294],{"class":80},[44,161004,161005,161007,161009,161011,161013,161015,161017,161019,161021],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,161006,4726],{"class":50},[44,161008,55],{"class":54},[44,161010,3281],{"class":80},[44,161012,13165],{"class":1675},[44,161014,2646],{"class":80},[44,161016,13170],{"class":1675},[44,161018,2646],{"class":80},[44,161020,28588],{"class":1675},[44,161022,3294],{"class":80},[44,161024,161025],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,161026,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,161028,161029,161031,161033,161035,161037,161039,161042,161044,161046,161048,161050],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,161030,5623],{"class":524},[44,161032,35656],{"class":50},[44,161034,2646],{"class":80},[44,161036,4768],{"class":50},[44,161038,3544],{"class":524},[44,161040,161041],{"class":94}," zip",[44,161043,98],{"class":80},[44,161045,4701],{"class":84},[44,161047,2646],{"class":80},[44,161049,4773],{"class":84},[44,161051,8003],{"class":80},[44,161053,161054,161056,161058,161060,161062,161064],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,161055,553],{"class":94},[44,161057,98],{"class":80},[44,161059,302],{"class":84},[44,161061,2646],{"class":80},[44,161063,130506],{"class":84},[44,161065,104],{"class":80},[20,161067,107],{},[35,161069,161071],{"className":37,"code":161070,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161072,161073,161079,161086],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161074,161075,161077],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161076,133523],{"class":50},[44,161078,32802],{"class":1675},[44,161080,161081,161084],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,161082,161083],{"class":50},"Ben ",[44,161085,32807],{"class":1675},[44,161087,161088,161091],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,161089,161090],{"class":50},"Cara ",[44,161092,32812],{"class":1675},[20,161094,119,161095,161097],{},[15,161096,63982],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[30,161099,126,161101,129],{"id":161100},"what-zip-does",[15,161102,63982],{},[139,161104,161105,161110,161113,161116],{},[142,161106,161107,161109],{},[15,161108,63982],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[142,161111,161112],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[142,161114,161115],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[142,161117,161118],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161120,161121],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[30,161123,250],{"id":249},[20,161125,6880],{},[35,161127,161129],{"className":37,"code":161128,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161130,161131],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161132,161133,161135,161137,161140,161142,161145,161147,161149],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161134,64052],{"class":94},[44,161136,98],{"class":80},[44,161138,161139],{"class":84},"iterable1",[44,161141,2646],{"class":80},[44,161143,161144],{"class":84}," iterable2",[44,161146,2646],{"class":80},[44,161148,34118],{"class":94},[44,161150,104],{"class":80},[20,161152,161153],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161155,161156],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[35,161158,161160],{"className":37,"code":161159,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161161,161162,161182,161214,161218],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161163,161164,161166,161168,161170,161172,161174,161176,161178,161180],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161165,3276],{"class":50},[44,161167,55],{"class":54},[44,161169,3281],{"class":80},[44,161171,2643],{"class":1675},[44,161173,2646],{"class":80},[44,161175,2649],{"class":1675},[44,161177,2646],{"class":80},[44,161179,2104],{"class":1675},[44,161181,3294],{"class":80},[44,161183,161184,161186,161188,161190,161192,161194,161196,161198,161200,161202,161204,161206,161208,161210,161212],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,161185,35755],{"class":50},[44,161187,55],{"class":54},[44,161189,3281],{"class":80},[44,161191,362],{"class":58},[44,161193,243],{"class":62},[44,161195,362],{"class":58},[44,161197,2646],{"class":80},[44,161199,59],{"class":58},[44,161201,842],{"class":62},[44,161203,362],{"class":58},[44,161205,2646],{"class":80},[44,161207,59],{"class":58},[44,161209,846],{"class":62},[44,161211,362],{"class":58},[44,161213,3294],{"class":80},[44,161215,161216],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,161217,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,161219,161220,161222,161224,161226,161228,161230,161232,161234,161236,161238],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,161221,95],{"class":94},[44,161223,98],{"class":80},[44,161225,7754],{"class":1461},[44,161227,98],{"class":80},[44,161229,64052],{"class":94},[44,161231,98],{"class":80},[44,161233,3308],{"class":84},[44,161235,2646],{"class":80},[44,161237,69759],{"class":84},[44,161239,2567],{"class":80},[20,161241,107],{},[35,161243,161245],{"className":37,"code":161244,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161246,161247],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161248,161249,161251,161253,161255,161257,161259,161261,161263,161265,161267,161269,161271,161273,161275,161277,161279,161281,161283,161285,161287,161289],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161250,21407],{"class":80},[44,161252,2643],{"class":1675},[44,161254,2646],{"class":80},[44,161256,2955],{"class":58},[44,161258,243],{"class":62},[44,161260,655],{"class":58},[44,161262,8893],{"class":80},[44,161264,8896],{"class":80},[44,161266,1708],{"class":1675},[44,161268,2646],{"class":80},[44,161270,2955],{"class":58},[44,161272,842],{"class":62},[44,161274,655],{"class":58},[44,161276,8893],{"class":80},[44,161278,8896],{"class":80},[44,161280,1714],{"class":1675},[44,161282,2646],{"class":80},[44,161284,2955],{"class":58},[44,161286,846],{"class":62},[44,161288,655],{"class":58},[44,161290,8909],{"class":80},[20,161292,161293],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[35,161295,161297],{"className":37,"code":161296,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161298,161299,161331,161351,161385,161389],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161300,161301,161303,161305,161307,161309,161311,161313,161315,161317,161319,161321,161323,161325,161327,161329],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161302,4657],{"class":50},[44,161304,55],{"class":54},[44,161306,3281],{"class":80},[44,161308,362],{"class":58},[44,161310,12543],{"class":62},[44,161312,362],{"class":58},[44,161314,2646],{"class":80},[44,161316,59],{"class":58},[44,161318,35605],{"class":62},[44,161320,362],{"class":58},[44,161322,2646],{"class":80},[44,161324,59],{"class":58},[44,161326,35614],{"class":62},[44,161328,362],{"class":58},[44,161330,3294],{"class":80},[44,161332,161333,161335,161337,161339,161341,161343,161345,161347,161349],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,161334,4726],{"class":50},[44,161336,55],{"class":54},[44,161338,3281],{"class":80},[44,161340,13165],{"class":1675},[44,161342,2646],{"class":80},[44,161344,13170],{"class":1675},[44,161346,2646],{"class":80},[44,161348,28588],{"class":1675},[44,161350,3294],{"class":80},[44,161352,161353,161356,161358,161360,161362,161364,161366,161368,161370,161372,161374,161376,161378,161381,161383],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,161354,161355],{"class":50},"grades ",[44,161357,55],{"class":54},[44,161359,3281],{"class":80},[44,161361,362],{"class":58},[44,161363,21912],{"class":62},[44,161365,362],{"class":58},[44,161367,2646],{"class":80},[44,161369,59],{"class":58},[44,161371,30268],{"class":62},[44,161373,362],{"class":58},[44,161375,2646],{"class":80},[44,161377,59],{"class":58},[44,161379,161380],{"class":62},"B+",[44,161382,362],{"class":58},[44,161384,3294],{"class":80},[44,161386,161387],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,161388,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,161390,161391,161393,161395,161397,161399,161401,161403,161405,161407,161409,161411,161414],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,161392,95],{"class":94},[44,161394,98],{"class":80},[44,161396,7754],{"class":1461},[44,161398,98],{"class":80},[44,161400,64052],{"class":94},[44,161402,98],{"class":80},[44,161404,4701],{"class":84},[44,161406,2646],{"class":80},[44,161408,4773],{"class":84},[44,161410,2646],{"class":80},[44,161412,161413],{"class":84}," grades",[44,161415,2567],{"class":80},[20,161417,107],{},[35,161419,161421],{"className":37,"code":161420,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161422,161423],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161424,161425,161427,161429,161431,161433,161435,161437,161439,161441,161443,161445,161447,161449,161451,161453,161455,161457,161459,161461,161463,161465,161467,161469,161471,161473,161475,161477,161479,161481,161483,161485,161487,161489],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161426,21407],{"class":80},[44,161428,655],{"class":58},[44,161430,12543],{"class":62},[44,161432,655],{"class":58},[44,161434,2646],{"class":80},[44,161436,19565],{"class":1675},[44,161438,2646],{"class":80},[44,161440,2955],{"class":58},[44,161442,21912],{"class":62},[44,161444,655],{"class":58},[44,161446,8893],{"class":80},[44,161448,8896],{"class":80},[44,161450,655],{"class":58},[44,161452,35605],{"class":62},[44,161454,655],{"class":58},[44,161456,2646],{"class":80},[44,161458,13170],{"class":1675},[44,161460,2646],{"class":80},[44,161462,2955],{"class":58},[44,161464,30268],{"class":62},[44,161466,655],{"class":58},[44,161468,8893],{"class":80},[44,161470,8896],{"class":80},[44,161472,655],{"class":58},[44,161474,35614],{"class":62},[44,161476,655],{"class":58},[44,161478,2646],{"class":80},[44,161480,28588],{"class":1675},[44,161482,2646],{"class":80},[44,161484,2955],{"class":58},[44,161486,161380],{"class":62},[44,161488,655],{"class":58},[44,161490,8909],{"class":80},[30,161492,161494],{"id":161493},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161496,161497],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[35,161499,161501],{"className":37,"code":161500,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161502,161503,161535,161555,161559,161583],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161504,161505,161507,161509,161511,161513,161515,161517,161519,161521,161523,161525,161527,161529,161531,161533],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161506,4657],{"class":50},[44,161508,55],{"class":54},[44,161510,3281],{"class":80},[44,161512,362],{"class":58},[44,161514,12543],{"class":62},[44,161516,362],{"class":58},[44,161518,2646],{"class":80},[44,161520,59],{"class":58},[44,161522,35605],{"class":62},[44,161524,362],{"class":58},[44,161526,2646],{"class":80},[44,161528,59],{"class":58},[44,161530,35614],{"class":62},[44,161532,362],{"class":58},[44,161534,3294],{"class":80},[44,161536,161537,161539,161541,161543,161545,161547,161549,161551,161553],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,161538,4726],{"class":50},[44,161540,55],{"class":54},[44,161542,3281],{"class":80},[44,161544,13165],{"class":1675},[44,161546,2646],{"class":80},[44,161548,13170],{"class":1675},[44,161550,2646],{"class":80},[44,161552,28588],{"class":1675},[44,161554,3294],{"class":80},[44,161556,161557],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,161558,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,161560,161561,161563,161565,161567,161569,161571,161573,161575,161577,161579,161581],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,161562,5623],{"class":524},[44,161564,35656],{"class":50},[44,161566,2646],{"class":80},[44,161568,4768],{"class":50},[44,161570,3544],{"class":524},[44,161572,161041],{"class":94},[44,161574,98],{"class":80},[44,161576,4701],{"class":84},[44,161578,2646],{"class":80},[44,161580,4773],{"class":84},[44,161582,8003],{"class":80},[44,161584,161585,161587,161589,161591,161593,161595,161597,161599,161602,161604,161606,161608,161610],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,161586,553],{"class":94},[44,161588,98],{"class":80},[44,161590,21961],{"class":1717},[44,161592,362],{"class":62},[44,161594,8938],{"class":1675},[44,161596,302],{"class":84},[44,161598,21970],{"class":1675},[44,161600,161601],{"class":62}," scored ",[44,161603,8938],{"class":1675},[44,161605,85181],{"class":84},[44,161607,21970],{"class":1675},[44,161609,362],{"class":62},[44,161611,104],{"class":80},[20,161613,107],{},[35,161615,161617],{"className":37,"code":161616,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,161618,161619,161626,161633],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161620,161621,161624],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161622,161623],{"class":50},"Ana scored ",[44,161625,32802],{"class":1675},[44,161627,161628,161631],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,161629,161630],{"class":50},"Ben scored ",[44,161632,32807],{"class":1675},[44,161634,161635,161638],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,161636,161637],{"class":50},"Cara scored ",[44,161639,32812],{"class":1675},[20,161641,44593],{},[139,161643,161644,161653,161656],{},[142,161645,161646,161649,161650],{},[15,161647,161648],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,161651,161652],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[142,161654,161655],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[142,161657,161658,4057,161660,161662],{},[15,161659,302],{},[15,161661,85181],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,161664,161665,161666,81],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[243,161667,69276],{"href":69275},[30,161669,161671],{"id":161670},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,161673,161674,161676],{},[15,161675,63982],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,161678,161679],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[35,161681,161683],{"className":37,"code":161682,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161684,161685,161726,161742,161746,161770],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161686,161687,161689,161691,161693,161695,161697,161699,161701,161703,161705,161707,161709,161711,161713,161715,161717,161719,161722,161724],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161688,4657],{"class":50},[44,161690,55],{"class":54},[44,161692,3281],{"class":80},[44,161694,362],{"class":58},[44,161696,12543],{"class":62},[44,161698,362],{"class":58},[44,161700,2646],{"class":80},[44,161702,59],{"class":58},[44,161704,35605],{"class":62},[44,161706,362],{"class":58},[44,161708,2646],{"class":80},[44,161710,59],{"class":58},[44,161712,35614],{"class":62},[44,161714,362],{"class":58},[44,161716,2646],{"class":80},[44,161718,59],{"class":58},[44,161720,161721],{"class":62},"Dan",[44,161723,362],{"class":58},[44,161725,3294],{"class":80},[44,161727,161728,161730,161732,161734,161736,161738,161740],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,161729,4726],{"class":50},[44,161731,55],{"class":54},[44,161733,3281],{"class":80},[44,161735,13165],{"class":1675},[44,161737,2646],{"class":80},[44,161739,13170],{"class":1675},[44,161741,3294],{"class":80},[44,161743,161744],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,161745,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,161747,161748,161750,161752,161754,161756,161758,161760,161762,161764,161766,161768],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,161749,5623],{"class":524},[44,161751,35656],{"class":50},[44,161753,2646],{"class":80},[44,161755,4768],{"class":50},[44,161757,3544],{"class":524},[44,161759,161041],{"class":94},[44,161761,98],{"class":80},[44,161763,4701],{"class":84},[44,161765,2646],{"class":80},[44,161767,4773],{"class":84},[44,161769,8003],{"class":80},[44,161771,161772,161774,161776,161778,161780,161782],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,161773,553],{"class":94},[44,161775,98],{"class":80},[44,161777,302],{"class":84},[44,161779,2646],{"class":80},[44,161781,130506],{"class":84},[44,161783,104],{"class":80},[20,161785,107],{},[35,161787,161789],{"className":37,"code":161788,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,161790,161791,161797],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161792,161793,161795],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161794,133523],{"class":50},[44,161796,32802],{"class":1675},[44,161798,161799,161801],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,161800,161083],{"class":50},[44,161802,32807],{"class":1675},[20,161804,1937,161805,4057,161808,161811],{},[15,161806,161807],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,161809,161810],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,161813,161814],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[35,161816,161818],{"className":37,"code":161817,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,161819,161820,161860,161876,161880],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161821,161822,161824,161826,161828,161830,161832,161834,161836,161838,161840,161842,161844,161846,161848,161850,161852,161854,161856,161858],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161823,4657],{"class":50},[44,161825,55],{"class":54},[44,161827,3281],{"class":80},[44,161829,362],{"class":58},[44,161831,12543],{"class":62},[44,161833,362],{"class":58},[44,161835,2646],{"class":80},[44,161837,59],{"class":58},[44,161839,35605],{"class":62},[44,161841,362],{"class":58},[44,161843,2646],{"class":80},[44,161845,59],{"class":58},[44,161847,35614],{"class":62},[44,161849,362],{"class":58},[44,161851,2646],{"class":80},[44,161853,59],{"class":58},[44,161855,161721],{"class":62},[44,161857,362],{"class":58},[44,161859,3294],{"class":80},[44,161861,161862,161864,161866,161868,161870,161872,161874],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,161863,4726],{"class":50},[44,161865,55],{"class":54},[44,161867,3281],{"class":80},[44,161869,13165],{"class":1675},[44,161871,2646],{"class":80},[44,161873,13170],{"class":1675},[44,161875,3294],{"class":80},[44,161877,161878],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,161879,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,161881,161882,161884,161886,161888,161890,161892,161894,161896,161898,161900],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,161883,95],{"class":94},[44,161885,98],{"class":80},[44,161887,10822],{"class":94},[44,161889,98],{"class":80},[44,161891,4701],{"class":84},[44,161893,8893],{"class":80},[44,161895,38052],{"class":94},[44,161897,98],{"class":80},[44,161899,16053],{"class":84},[44,161901,370],{"class":80},[20,161903,107],{},[35,161905,161907],{"className":37,"code":161906,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4 2\n",[15,161908,161909],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161910,161911,161913],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161912,2158],{"class":1675},[44,161914,45252],{"class":1675},[20,161916,161917,161918,81],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,161919,63982],{},[30,161921,91770,161923,161925],{"id":161922},"converting-zip-output",[15,161924,63982],{}," output",[20,161927,28729,161928,161930],{},[15,161929,63982],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[267,161932,119,161934],{"id":161933},"use-listzip",[15,161935,161936],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,161938,161939],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[35,161941,161943],{"className":37,"code":161942,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,161944,161945,161977,161997,162001,162023],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161946,161947,161949,161951,161953,161955,161957,161959,161961,161963,161965,161967,161969,161971,161973,161975],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161948,4657],{"class":50},[44,161950,55],{"class":54},[44,161952,3281],{"class":80},[44,161954,362],{"class":58},[44,161956,12543],{"class":62},[44,161958,362],{"class":58},[44,161960,2646],{"class":80},[44,161962,59],{"class":58},[44,161964,35605],{"class":62},[44,161966,362],{"class":58},[44,161968,2646],{"class":80},[44,161970,59],{"class":58},[44,161972,35614],{"class":62},[44,161974,362],{"class":58},[44,161976,3294],{"class":80},[44,161978,161979,161981,161983,161985,161987,161989,161991,161993,161995],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,161980,4726],{"class":50},[44,161982,55],{"class":54},[44,161984,3281],{"class":80},[44,161986,13165],{"class":1675},[44,161988,2646],{"class":80},[44,161990,13170],{"class":1675},[44,161992,2646],{"class":80},[44,161994,28588],{"class":1675},[44,161996,3294],{"class":80},[44,161998,161999],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,162000,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,162002,162003,162005,162007,162009,162011,162013,162015,162017,162019,162021],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,162004,8875],{"class":50},[44,162006,55],{"class":54},[44,162008,22227],{"class":1461},[44,162010,98],{"class":80},[44,162012,64052],{"class":94},[44,162014,98],{"class":80},[44,162016,4701],{"class":84},[44,162018,2646],{"class":80},[44,162020,4773],{"class":84},[44,162022,370],{"class":80},[44,162024,162025,162027,162029,162031],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,162026,95],{"class":94},[44,162028,98],{"class":80},[44,162030,8922],{"class":84},[44,162032,104],{"class":80},[20,162034,107],{},[35,162036,162038],{"className":37,"code":162037,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162039,162040],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162041,162042,162044,162046,162048,162050,162052,162054,162056,162058,162060,162062,162064,162066,162068,162070,162072,162074,162076,162078,162080,162082],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162043,21407],{"class":80},[44,162045,655],{"class":58},[44,162047,12543],{"class":62},[44,162049,655],{"class":58},[44,162051,2646],{"class":80},[44,162053,19565],{"class":1675},[44,162055,8893],{"class":80},[44,162057,8896],{"class":80},[44,162059,655],{"class":58},[44,162061,35605],{"class":62},[44,162063,655],{"class":58},[44,162065,2646],{"class":80},[44,162067,13170],{"class":1675},[44,162069,8893],{"class":80},[44,162071,8896],{"class":80},[44,162073,655],{"class":58},[44,162075,35614],{"class":62},[44,162077,655],{"class":58},[44,162079,2646],{"class":80},[44,162081,28588],{"class":1675},[44,162083,8909],{"class":80},[267,162085,119,162087],{"id":162086},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162088,162089],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162091,162092],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[35,162094,162096],{"className":37,"code":162095,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162097,162098,162130,162158,162162,162184],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162099,162100,162102,162104,162106,162108,162110,162112,162114,162116,162118,162120,162122,162124,162126,162128],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162101,16907],{"class":50},[44,162103,55],{"class":54},[44,162105,3281],{"class":80},[44,162107,362],{"class":58},[44,162109,302],{"class":62},[44,162111,362],{"class":58},[44,162113,2646],{"class":80},[44,162115,59],{"class":58},[44,162117,8959],{"class":62},[44,162119,362],{"class":58},[44,162121,2646],{"class":80},[44,162123,59],{"class":58},[44,162125,10069],{"class":62},[44,162127,362],{"class":58},[44,162129,3294],{"class":80},[44,162131,162132,162134,162136,162138,162140,162142,162144,162146,162148,162150,162152,162154,162156],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,162133,3484],{"class":50},[44,162135,55],{"class":54},[44,162137,3281],{"class":80},[44,162139,362],{"class":58},[44,162141,12543],{"class":62},[44,162143,362],{"class":58},[44,162145,2646],{"class":80},[44,162147,8966],{"class":1675},[44,162149,2646],{"class":80},[44,162151,59],{"class":58},[44,162153,15695],{"class":62},[44,162155,362],{"class":58},[44,162157,3294],{"class":80},[44,162159,162160],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,162161,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,162163,162164,162166,162168,162170,162172,162174,162176,162178,162180,162182],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,162165,12867],{"class":50},[44,162167,55],{"class":54},[44,162169,8830],{"class":1461},[44,162171,98],{"class":80},[44,162173,64052],{"class":94},[44,162175,98],{"class":80},[44,162177,16588],{"class":84},[44,162179,2646],{"class":80},[44,162181,420],{"class":84},[44,162183,370],{"class":80},[44,162185,162186,162188,162190,162192],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,162187,95],{"class":94},[44,162189,98],{"class":80},[44,162191,16972],{"class":84},[44,162193,104],{"class":80},[20,162195,107],{},[35,162197,162199],{"className":37,"code":162198,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162200,162201],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162202,162203,162205,162207,162209,162211,162213,162215,162217,162219,162221,162223,162225,162227,162229,162231,162233,162235,162237,162239,162241,162243,162245,162247],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162204,8938],{"class":80},[44,162206,655],{"class":58},[44,162208,302],{"class":62},[44,162210,655],{"class":58},[44,162212,2539],{"class":80},[44,162214,2955],{"class":58},[44,162216,12543],{"class":62},[44,162218,655],{"class":58},[44,162220,2646],{"class":80},[44,162222,2955],{"class":58},[44,162224,8959],{"class":62},[44,162226,655],{"class":58},[44,162228,2539],{"class":80},[44,162230,8966],{"class":1675},[44,162232,2646],{"class":80},[44,162234,2955],{"class":58},[44,162236,10069],{"class":62},[44,162238,655],{"class":58},[44,162240,2539],{"class":80},[44,162242,2955],{"class":58},[44,162244,15695],{"class":62},[44,162246,655],{"class":58},[44,162248,8969],{"class":80},[20,162250,162251,162252,81],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[243,162253,30754],{"href":30753},[267,162255,162257],{"id":162256},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162259,162260],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[35,162262,162264],{"className":37,"code":162263,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162265,162266,162290,162306,162310,162328,162332,162346],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162267,162268,162270,162272,162274,162276,162278,162280,162282,162284,162286,162288],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162269,4657],{"class":50},[44,162271,55],{"class":54},[44,162273,3281],{"class":80},[44,162275,362],{"class":58},[44,162277,12543],{"class":62},[44,162279,362],{"class":58},[44,162281,2646],{"class":80},[44,162283,59],{"class":58},[44,162285,35605],{"class":62},[44,162287,362],{"class":58},[44,162289,3294],{"class":80},[44,162291,162292,162294,162296,162298,162300,162302,162304],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,162293,4726],{"class":50},[44,162295,55],{"class":54},[44,162297,3281],{"class":80},[44,162299,13165],{"class":1675},[44,162301,2646],{"class":80},[44,162303,13170],{"class":1675},[44,162305,3294],{"class":80},[44,162307,162308],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,162309,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,162311,162312,162314,162316,162318,162320,162322,162324,162326],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,162313,8875],{"class":50},[44,162315,55],{"class":54},[44,162317,161041],{"class":94},[44,162319,98],{"class":80},[44,162321,4701],{"class":84},[44,162323,2646],{"class":80},[44,162325,4773],{"class":84},[44,162327,104],{"class":80},[44,162329,162330],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,162331,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,162333,162334,162336,162338,162340,162342,162344],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,162335,95],{"class":94},[44,162337,98],{"class":80},[44,162339,7754],{"class":1461},[44,162341,98],{"class":80},[44,162343,8922],{"class":84},[44,162345,370],{"class":80},[44,162347,162348,162350,162352,162354,162356,162358],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,162349,95],{"class":94},[44,162351,98],{"class":80},[44,162353,7754],{"class":1461},[44,162355,98],{"class":80},[44,162357,8922],{"class":84},[44,162359,370],{"class":80},[20,162361,107],{},[35,162363,162365],{"className":37,"code":162364,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162366,162367,162397],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162368,162369,162371,162373,162375,162377,162379,162381,162383,162385,162387,162389,162391,162393,162395],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162370,21407],{"class":80},[44,162372,655],{"class":58},[44,162374,12543],{"class":62},[44,162376,655],{"class":58},[44,162378,2646],{"class":80},[44,162380,19565],{"class":1675},[44,162382,8893],{"class":80},[44,162384,8896],{"class":80},[44,162386,655],{"class":58},[44,162388,35605],{"class":62},[44,162390,655],{"class":58},[44,162392,2646],{"class":80},[44,162394,13170],{"class":1675},[44,162396,8909],{"class":80},[44,162398,162399],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,162400,37963],{"class":80},[20,162402,162403],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162405,162406,162407,81],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[243,162408,4799],{"href":5251},[30,162410,40713],{"id":40712},[20,162412,162413,162414,81],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162415,63982],{},[267,162417,162419],{"id":162418},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[35,162421,162423],{"className":37,"code":162422,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162424,162425,162457,162477,162481,162505],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162426,162427,162429,162431,162433,162435,162437,162439,162441,162443,162445,162447,162449,162451,162453,162455],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162428,4657],{"class":50},[44,162430,55],{"class":54},[44,162432,3281],{"class":80},[44,162434,362],{"class":58},[44,162436,12543],{"class":62},[44,162438,362],{"class":58},[44,162440,2646],{"class":80},[44,162442,59],{"class":58},[44,162444,35605],{"class":62},[44,162446,362],{"class":58},[44,162448,2646],{"class":80},[44,162450,59],{"class":58},[44,162452,35614],{"class":62},[44,162454,362],{"class":58},[44,162456,3294],{"class":80},[44,162458,162459,162461,162463,162465,162467,162469,162471,162473,162475],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,162460,4726],{"class":50},[44,162462,55],{"class":54},[44,162464,3281],{"class":80},[44,162466,13165],{"class":1675},[44,162468,2646],{"class":80},[44,162470,13170],{"class":1675},[44,162472,2646],{"class":80},[44,162474,28588],{"class":1675},[44,162476,3294],{"class":80},[44,162478,162479],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,162480,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,162482,162483,162485,162487,162489,162491,162493,162495,162497,162499,162501,162503],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,162484,5623],{"class":524},[44,162486,35656],{"class":50},[44,162488,2646],{"class":80},[44,162490,4768],{"class":50},[44,162492,3544],{"class":524},[44,162494,161041],{"class":94},[44,162496,98],{"class":80},[44,162498,4701],{"class":84},[44,162500,2646],{"class":80},[44,162502,4773],{"class":84},[44,162504,8003],{"class":80},[44,162506,162507,162509,162511,162513,162515,162517,162519,162521,162523,162525,162527,162529,162531],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,162508,553],{"class":94},[44,162510,98],{"class":80},[44,162512,21961],{"class":1717},[44,162514,362],{"class":62},[44,162516,8938],{"class":1675},[44,162518,302],{"class":84},[44,162520,21970],{"class":1675},[44,162522,21973],{"class":62},[44,162524,8938],{"class":1675},[44,162526,85181],{"class":84},[44,162528,21970],{"class":1675},[44,162530,362],{"class":62},[44,162532,104],{"class":80},[267,162534,162536],{"id":162535},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[35,162538,162540],{"className":37,"code":162539,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162541,162542,162574,162598,162602,162624],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162543,162544,162546,162548,162550,162552,162554,162556,162558,162560,162562,162564,162566,162568,162570,162572],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162545,16907],{"class":50},[44,162547,55],{"class":54},[44,162549,3281],{"class":80},[44,162551,362],{"class":58},[44,162553,12312],{"class":62},[44,162555,362],{"class":58},[44,162557,2646],{"class":80},[44,162559,59],{"class":58},[44,162561,302],{"class":62},[44,162563,362],{"class":58},[44,162565,2646],{"class":80},[44,162567,59],{"class":58},[44,162569,15485],{"class":62},[44,162571,362],{"class":58},[44,162573,3294],{"class":80},[44,162575,162576,162578,162580,162582,162584,162586,162588,162590,162592,162594,162596],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,162577,3484],{"class":50},[44,162579,55],{"class":54},[44,162581,3281],{"class":80},[44,162583,46254],{"class":1675},[44,162585,2646],{"class":80},[44,162587,59],{"class":58},[44,162589,12543],{"class":62},[44,162591,362],{"class":58},[44,162593,2646],{"class":80},[44,162595,3577],{"class":3513},[44,162597,3294],{"class":80},[44,162599,162600],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,162601,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,162603,162604,162606,162608,162610,162612,162614,162616,162618,162620,162622],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,162605,8825],{"class":50},[44,162607,55],{"class":54},[44,162609,8830],{"class":1461},[44,162611,98],{"class":80},[44,162613,64052],{"class":94},[44,162615,98],{"class":80},[44,162617,16588],{"class":84},[44,162619,2646],{"class":80},[44,162621,420],{"class":84},[44,162623,370],{"class":80},[44,162625,162626,162628,162630,162632],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,162627,95],{"class":94},[44,162629,98],{"class":80},[44,162631,8864],{"class":84},[44,162633,104],{"class":80},[267,162635,162637],{"id":162636},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[35,162639,162641],{"className":37,"code":162640,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,162642,162643,162663,162683,162687,162712],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162644,162645,162647,162649,162651,162653,162655,162657,162659,162661],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162646,80321],{"class":50},[44,162648,55],{"class":54},[44,162650,3281],{"class":80},[44,162652,1982],{"class":1675},[44,162654,2646],{"class":80},[44,162656,7452],{"class":1675},[44,162658,2646],{"class":80},[44,162660,7457],{"class":1675},[44,162662,3294],{"class":80},[44,162664,162665,162667,162669,162671,162673,162675,162677,162679,162681],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,162666,80342],{"class":50},[44,162668,55],{"class":54},[44,162670,3281],{"class":80},[44,162672,1982],{"class":1675},[44,162674,2646],{"class":80},[44,162676,8966],{"class":1675},[44,162678,2646],{"class":80},[44,162680,7457],{"class":1675},[44,162682,3294],{"class":80},[44,162684,162685],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,162686,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,162688,162689,162691,162693,162695,162698,162700,162702,162704,162706,162708,162710],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,162690,5623],{"class":524},[44,162692,56549],{"class":50},[44,162694,2646],{"class":80},[44,162696,162697],{"class":50}," b ",[44,162699,3544],{"class":524},[44,162701,161041],{"class":94},[44,162703,98],{"class":80},[44,162705,111407],{"class":84},[44,162707,2646],{"class":80},[44,162709,80385],{"class":84},[44,162711,8003],{"class":80},[44,162713,162714,162716,162718,162720,162722,162724],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,162715,553],{"class":94},[44,162717,98],{"class":80},[44,162719,2208],{"class":84},[44,162721,4353],{"class":54},[44,162723,2213],{"class":84},[44,162725,104],{"class":80},[20,162727,107],{},[35,162729,162731],{"className":37,"code":162730,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,162732,162733,162737,162741],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162734,162735],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162736,3641],{"class":3513},[44,162738,162739],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,162740,3702],{"class":3513},[44,162742,162743],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,162744,3641],{"class":3513},[267,162746,162748],{"id":162747},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[35,162750,162752],{"className":37,"code":162751,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,162753,162754,162789,162812,162816,162843],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162755,162756,162759,162761,162763,162765,162767,162769,162771,162773,162776,162778,162780,162782,162785,162787],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162757,162758],{"class":50},"products ",[44,162760,55],{"class":54},[44,162762,3281],{"class":80},[44,162764,362],{"class":58},[44,162766,24808],{"class":62},[44,162768,362],{"class":58},[44,162770,2646],{"class":80},[44,162772,59],{"class":58},[44,162774,162775],{"class":62},"Pen",[44,162777,362],{"class":58},[44,162779,2646],{"class":80},[44,162781,59],{"class":58},[44,162783,162784],{"class":62},"Bag",[44,162786,362],{"class":58},[44,162788,3294],{"class":80},[44,162790,162791,162793,162795,162797,162800,162802,162805,162807,162810],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,162792,82711],{"class":50},[44,162794,55],{"class":54},[44,162796,3281],{"class":80},[44,162798,162799],{"class":1675},"12.5",[44,162801,2646],{"class":80},[44,162803,162804],{"class":1675}," 1.2",[44,162806,2646],{"class":80},[44,162808,162809],{"class":1675}," 25.0",[44,162811,3294],{"class":80},[44,162813,162814],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,162815,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,162817,162818,162820,162822,162824,162827,162829,162831,162833,162836,162838,162841],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,162819,5623],{"class":524},[44,162821,24869],{"class":50},[44,162823,2646],{"class":80},[44,162825,162826],{"class":50}," price ",[44,162828,3544],{"class":524},[44,162830,161041],{"class":94},[44,162832,98],{"class":80},[44,162834,162835],{"class":84},"products",[44,162837,2646],{"class":80},[44,162839,162840],{"class":84}," prices",[44,162842,8003],{"class":80},[44,162844,162845,162847,162849,162851,162853,162855,162857,162859,162862,162864,162866,162868,162870],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,162846,553],{"class":94},[44,162848,98],{"class":80},[44,162850,21961],{"class":1717},[44,162852,362],{"class":62},[44,162854,8938],{"class":1675},[44,162856,26676],{"class":84},[44,162858,21970],{"class":1675},[44,162860,162861],{"class":62}," costs $",[44,162863,8938],{"class":1675},[44,162865,24817],{"class":84},[44,162867,21970],{"class":1675},[44,162869,362],{"class":62},[44,162871,104],{"class":80},[20,162873,36266,162874,81],{},[243,162875,162877],{"href":162876},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[30,162879,162881,162882],{"id":162880},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,162883,63982],{},[267,162885,1246,162887,162889],{"id":162886},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,162888,63982],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,162891,162892,162894],{},[15,162893,63982],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162896,162897],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[35,162899,162901],{"className":37,"code":162900,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,162902,162903],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162904,162905,162907,162909,162911,162913,162915,162917,162919,162921,162923],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162906,95],{"class":94},[44,162908,98],{"class":80},[44,162910,10822],{"class":94},[44,162912,98],{"class":80},[44,162914,111407],{"class":84},[44,162916,8893],{"class":80},[44,162918,38052],{"class":94},[44,162920,98],{"class":80},[44,162922,80608],{"class":84},[44,162924,370],{"class":80},[267,162926,162928],{"id":162927},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,162930,68499],{},[35,162932,162934],{"className":37,"code":162933,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,162935,162936,162972,162976,162989,162999,163003,163015],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162937,162938,162940,162942,162944,162946,162948,162950,162952,162954,162956,162958,162960,162962,162964,162966,162968,162970],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162939,8875],{"class":50},[44,162941,55],{"class":54},[44,162943,161041],{"class":94},[44,162945,2640],{"class":80},[44,162947,2643],{"class":1675},[44,162949,2646],{"class":80},[44,162951,2649],{"class":1675},[44,162953,17728],{"class":80},[44,162955,3281],{"class":80},[44,162957,362],{"class":58},[44,162959,243],{"class":62},[44,162961,362],{"class":58},[44,162963,2646],{"class":80},[44,162965,59],{"class":58},[44,162967,842],{"class":62},[44,162969,362],{"class":58},[44,162971,3549],{"class":80},[44,162973,162974],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,162975,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,162977,162978,162980,162982,162984,162987],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,162979,5623],{"class":524},[44,162981,5626],{"class":50},[44,162983,3544],{"class":524},[44,162985,162986],{"class":50}," pairs",[44,162988,548],{"class":80},[44,162990,162991,162993,162995,162997],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,162992,553],{"class":94},[44,162994,98],{"class":80},[44,162996,22978],{"class":84},[44,162998,104],{"class":80},[44,163000,163001],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,163002,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,163004,163005,163007,163009,163011,163013],{"class":46,"line":1333},[44,163006,5623],{"class":524},[44,163008,5626],{"class":50},[44,163010,3544],{"class":524},[44,163012,162986],{"class":50},[44,163014,548],{"class":80},[44,163016,163017,163019,163021,163023],{"class":46,"line":6078},[44,163018,553],{"class":94},[44,163020,98],{"class":80},[44,163022,22978],{"class":84},[44,163024,104],{"class":80},[20,163026,163027],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[267,163029,163031],{"id":163030},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163033,163034],{},"This is correct:",[35,163036,163038],{"className":37,"code":163037,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163039,163040,163064,163080,163084,163108],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163041,163042,163044,163046,163048,163050,163052,163054,163056,163058,163060,163062],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163043,4657],{"class":50},[44,163045,55],{"class":54},[44,163047,3281],{"class":80},[44,163049,362],{"class":58},[44,163051,12543],{"class":62},[44,163053,362],{"class":58},[44,163055,2646],{"class":80},[44,163057,59],{"class":58},[44,163059,35605],{"class":62},[44,163061,362],{"class":58},[44,163063,3294],{"class":80},[44,163065,163066,163068,163070,163072,163074,163076,163078],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,163067,4726],{"class":50},[44,163069,55],{"class":54},[44,163071,3281],{"class":80},[44,163073,13165],{"class":1675},[44,163075,2646],{"class":80},[44,163077,13170],{"class":1675},[44,163079,3294],{"class":80},[44,163081,163082],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,163083,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,163085,163086,163088,163090,163092,163094,163096,163098,163100,163102,163104,163106],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,163087,5623],{"class":524},[44,163089,35656],{"class":50},[44,163091,2646],{"class":80},[44,163093,4768],{"class":50},[44,163095,3544],{"class":524},[44,163097,161041],{"class":94},[44,163099,98],{"class":80},[44,163101,4701],{"class":84},[44,163103,2646],{"class":80},[44,163105,4773],{"class":84},[44,163107,8003],{"class":80},[44,163109,163110,163112,163114,163116,163118,163120],{"class":46,"line":955},[44,163111,553],{"class":94},[44,163113,98],{"class":80},[44,163115,302],{"class":84},[44,163117,2646],{"class":80},[44,163119,130506],{"class":84},[44,163121,104],{"class":80},[20,163123,163124],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[35,163126,163128],{"className":37,"code":163127,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163129,163130,163150],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163131,163132,163134,163136,163138,163140,163142,163144,163146,163148],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163133,5623],{"class":524},[44,163135,5626],{"class":50},[44,163137,3544],{"class":524},[44,163139,161041],{"class":94},[44,163141,98],{"class":80},[44,163143,4701],{"class":84},[44,163145,2646],{"class":80},[44,163147,4773],{"class":84},[44,163149,8003],{"class":80},[44,163151,163152,163154,163156,163158],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,163153,553],{"class":94},[44,163155,98],{"class":80},[44,163157,22978],{"class":84},[44,163159,104],{"class":80},[20,163161,107],{},[35,163163,163165],{"className":37,"code":163164,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163166,163167,163183],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163168,163169,163171,163173,163175,163177,163179,163181],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163170,98],{"class":80},[44,163172,655],{"class":58},[44,163174,12543],{"class":62},[44,163176,655],{"class":58},[44,163178,2646],{"class":80},[44,163180,19565],{"class":1675},[44,163182,104],{"class":80},[44,163184,163185,163187,163189,163191,163193,163195,163197],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,163186,98],{"class":80},[44,163188,655],{"class":58},[44,163190,35605],{"class":62},[44,163192,655],{"class":58},[44,163194,2646],{"class":80},[44,163196,13170],{"class":1675},[44,163198,104],{"class":80},[20,163200,163201],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[267,163203,675,163205,163207,163208],{"id":163204},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163206,63982],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163209,35413],{},[20,163211,119,163212,163214],{},[15,163213,63982],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163216,119,163217,163219],{},[15,163218,35413],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[35,163221,163222],{"className":37,"code":35582,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,163223,163224,163256,163260,163280],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163225,163226,163228,163230,163232,163234,163236,163238,163240,163242,163244,163246,163248,163250,163252,163254],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163227,4657],{"class":50},[44,163229,55],{"class":54},[44,163231,3281],{"class":80},[44,163233,362],{"class":58},[44,163235,12543],{"class":62},[44,163237,362],{"class":58},[44,163239,2646],{"class":80},[44,163241,59],{"class":58},[44,163243,35605],{"class":62},[44,163245,362],{"class":58},[44,163247,2646],{"class":80},[44,163249,59],{"class":58},[44,163251,35614],{"class":62},[44,163253,362],{"class":58},[44,163255,3294],{"class":80},[44,163257,163258],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,163259,185],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":184},[44,163261,163262,163264,163266,163268,163270,163272,163274,163276,163278],{"class":46,"line":91},[44,163263,5623],{"class":524},[44,163265,35485],{"class":50},[44,163267,2646],{"class":80},[44,163269,35633],{"class":50},[44,163271,3544],{"class":524},[44,163273,35495],{"class":94},[44,163275,98],{"class":80},[44,163277,4701],{"class":84},[44,163279,8003],{"class":80},[44,163281,163282,163284,163286,163288,163290,163292],{"class":46,"line":204},[44,163283,553],{"class":94},[44,163285,98],{"class":80},[44,163287,35510],{"class":84},[44,163289,2646],{"class":80},[44,163291,35656],{"class":84},[44,163293,104],{"class":80},[20,163295,163296,163297,81],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[243,163298,3234,163299,3167],{"href":91682},[15,163300,35413],{},[30,163302,1478],{"id":1477},[267,163304,1504,163306,4807],{"id":163305},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163307,63982],{},[20,163309,163310],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[267,163312,1482,163314,163316],{"id":163313},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163315,63982],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163318,163319],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[267,163321,163323,163324,1520],{"id":163322},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163325,63982],{},[20,163327,163328,163329,81],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163330,161936],{},[267,163332,163334,163335,1520],{"id":163333},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163336,63982],{},[20,163338,1535,163339,163341],{},[15,163340,162089],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[267,163343,163345],{"id":163344},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163347,163348],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[30,163350,1545],{"id":1544},[139,163352,163353,163358,163364,163368,163372],{},[142,163354,163355],{},[243,163356,163357],{"href":162876},"How to use zip in Python",[142,163359,163360],{},[243,163361,3234,163362,3167],{"href":91682},[15,163363,35413],{},[142,163365,163366],{},[243,163367,4879],{"href":5251},[142,163369,163370],{},[243,163371,69352],{"href":69275},[142,163373,163374],{},[243,163375,31927],{"href":30753},[1577,163377,163378],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":163380},[163381,163382,163384,163385,163386,163387,163395,163401,163410,163421],{"id":1652,"depth":69,"text":1653},{"id":161100,"depth":69,"text":163383},"What zip() does",{"id":249,"depth":69,"text":250},{"id":161493,"depth":69,"text":161494},{"id":161670,"depth":69,"text":161671},{"id":161922,"depth":69,"text":163388,"children":163389},"Converting zip() output",[163390,163392,163394],{"id":161933,"depth":91,"text":163391},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162086,"depth":91,"text":163393},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162256,"depth":91,"text":162257},{"id":40712,"depth":69,"text":40713,"children":163396},[163397,163398,163399,163400],{"id":162418,"depth":91,"text":162419},{"id":162535,"depth":91,"text":162536},{"id":162636,"depth":91,"text":162637},{"id":162747,"depth":91,"text":162748},{"id":162880,"depth":69,"text":163402,"children":163403},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163404,163406,163407,163408],{"id":162886,"depth":91,"text":163405},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":162927,"depth":91,"text":162928},{"id":163030,"depth":91,"text":163031},{"id":163204,"depth":91,"text":163409},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1477,"depth":69,"text":1478,"children":163411},[163412,163414,163416,163418,163420],{"id":163305,"depth":91,"text":163413},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163313,"depth":91,"text":163415},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163322,"depth":91,"text":163417},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163333,"depth":91,"text":163419},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163344,"depth":91,"text":163345},{"id":1544,"depth":69,"text":1545},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":160942,"description":163422},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776945012852]