[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163202},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method":3,"nav-reference":1360},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1353,"extension":1354,"meta":1355,"navigation":311,"path":1356,"seo":1357,"stem":1358,"__hash__":1359},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1323},"minimark",[9,19,26,32,37,115,125,132,150,163,167,170,186,189,200,203,237,240,265,269,272,336,339,355,358,372,378,385,388,430,432,441,450,453,499,501,510,513,517,522,536,539,572,574,597,600,606,611,614,625,628,696,698,707,719,723,728,735,738,775,777,786,789,830,832,841,848,853,855,885,895,898,932,934,943,950,959,991,993,1006,1023,1027,1033,1068,1070,1140,1142,1152,1156,1163,1166,1172,1177,1181,1187,1194,1197,1199,1260,1262,1272,1276,1319],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-string-upper-method","Python String ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"upper()"," Method",[20,21,22,23,25],"p",{},"The Python string ",[15,24,17],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,27,28,29,31],{},"This page explains what ",[15,30,17],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[33,34,36],"h2",{"id":35},"quick-example","Quick example",[38,39,44],"pre",{"className":40,"code":41,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n","python","",[15,45,46,70,92,108],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48,51,55,59,63,67],"span",{"class":49,"line":50},"line",1,[47,52,54],{"class":53},"su5hD","text ",[47,56,58],{"class":57},"smGrS","=",[47,60,62],{"class":61},"sjJ54"," \"",[47,64,66],{"class":65},"s_sjI","Hello World",[47,68,69],{"class":61},"\"\n",[47,71,73,76,78,81,85,89],{"class":49,"line":72},2,[47,74,75],{"class":53},"result ",[47,77,58],{"class":57},[47,79,80],{"class":53}," text",[47,82,84],{"class":83},"sP7_E",".",[47,86,88],{"class":87},"slqww","upper",[47,90,91],{"class":83},"()\n",[47,93,95,99,102,105],{"class":49,"line":94},3,[47,96,98],{"class":97},"sptTA","print",[47,100,101],{"class":83},"(",[47,103,104],{"class":87},"result",[47,106,107],{"class":83},")\n",[47,109,111],{"class":49,"line":110},4,[47,112,114],{"class":113},"sutJx","# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,116,117,119,120,124],{},[15,118,17],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[121,122,123],"strong",{},"not"," change the original string in place.",[33,126,128,129,131],{"id":127},"what-upper-does","What ",[15,130,17],{}," does",[133,134,135,141,144,147],"ul",{},[136,137,138,140],"li",{},[15,139,17],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[136,142,143],{},"It works on string values only",[136,145,146],{},"It returns a new string",[136,148,149],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,151,152,153,158,159,84],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[154,155,157],"a",{"href":156},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or ",[154,160,162],{"href":161},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained: basics and examples",[33,164,166],{"id":165},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,168,169],{},"The syntax is:",[38,171,173],{"className":40,"code":172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.upper()\n",[15,174,175],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,176,177,180,182,184],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,178,179],{"class":53},"string",[47,181,84],{"class":83},[47,183,88],{"class":87},[47,185,91],{"class":83},[20,187,188],{},"Important points:",[133,190,191,194,197],{},[136,192,193],{},"It takes no arguments",[136,195,196],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[136,198,199],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,201,202],{},"Example with a variable:",[38,204,206],{"className":40,"code":205,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,207,208,221],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,209,210,213,215,217,219],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,211,212],{"class":53},"name ",[47,214,58],{"class":57},[47,216,62],{"class":61},[47,218,42],{"class":65},[47,220,69],{"class":61},[47,222,223,225,227,230,232,234],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,224,98],{"class":97},[47,226,101],{"class":83},[47,228,229],{"class":87},"name",[47,231,84],{"class":83},[47,233,88],{"class":87},[47,235,236],{"class":83},"())\n",[20,238,239],{},"Example with a string literal:",[38,241,243],{"className":40,"code":242,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,244,245],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,246,247,249,251,254,257,259,261,263],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,248,98],{"class":97},[47,250,101],{"class":83},[47,252,253],{"class":61},"\"",[47,255,256],{"class":65},"hello",[47,258,253],{"class":61},[47,260,84],{"class":83},[47,262,88],{"class":87},[47,264,236],{"class":83},[33,266,268],{"id":267},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,270,271],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[38,273,275],{"className":40,"code":274,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,276,277,291,307,313,324],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,278,279,282,284,286,289],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,280,281],{"class":53},"word ",[47,283,58],{"class":57},[47,285,62],{"class":61},[47,287,288],{"class":65},"banana",[47,290,69],{"class":61},[47,292,293,296,298,301,303,305],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,294,295],{"class":53},"uppercase_word ",[47,297,58],{"class":57},[47,299,300],{"class":53}," word",[47,302,84],{"class":83},[47,304,88],{"class":87},[47,306,91],{"class":83},[47,308,309],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,310,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},true,"\n",[47,314,315,317,319,322],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,316,98],{"class":97},[47,318,101],{"class":83},[47,320,321],{"class":87},"word",[47,323,107],{"class":83},[47,325,327,329,331,334],{"class":49,"line":326},5,[47,328,98],{"class":97},[47,330,101],{"class":83},[47,332,333],{"class":87},"uppercase_word",[47,335,107],{"class":83},[20,337,338],{},"Output:",[38,340,342],{"className":40,"code":341,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,343,344,349],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,345,346],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,347,348],{"class":53},"banana\n",[47,350,351],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,352,354],{"class":353},"s_hVV","BANANA\n",[20,356,357],{},"What this shows:",[133,359,360,365],{},[136,361,362,364],{},[15,363,321],{}," keeps its original value",[136,366,367,369,370],{},[15,368,333],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,371,17],{},[33,373,375,377],{"id":374},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,376,17],{}," does not change the original string",[20,379,380,381,384],{},"Strings are ",[121,382,383],{},"immutable"," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,386,387],{},"So this method:",[38,389,391],{"className":40,"code":390,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,392,393,406,416,420],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,394,395,397,399,401,404],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,396,212],{"class":53},[47,398,58],{"class":57},[47,400,62],{"class":61},[47,402,403],{"class":65},"alice",[47,405,69],{"class":61},[47,407,408,410,412,414],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,409,229],{"class":53},[47,411,84],{"class":83},[47,413,88],{"class":87},[47,415,91],{"class":83},[47,417,418],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,419,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,421,422,424,426,428],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,423,98],{"class":97},[47,425,101],{"class":83},[47,427,229],{"class":87},[47,429,107],{"class":83},[20,431,338],{},[38,433,435],{"className":40,"code":434,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"alice\n",[15,436,437],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,438,439],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,440,434],{"class":53},[20,442,443,444,446,447,449],{},"Even though ",[15,445,17],{}," was called, ",[15,448,229],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,451,452],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[38,454,456],{"className":40,"code":455,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,457,458,470,485,489],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,459,460,462,464,466,468],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,461,212],{"class":53},[47,463,58],{"class":57},[47,465,62],{"class":61},[47,467,403],{"class":65},[47,469,69],{"class":61},[47,471,472,474,476,479,481,483],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,473,212],{"class":53},[47,475,58],{"class":57},[47,477,478],{"class":53}," name",[47,480,84],{"class":83},[47,482,88],{"class":87},[47,484,91],{"class":83},[47,486,487],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,488,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,490,491,493,495,497],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,492,98],{"class":97},[47,494,101],{"class":83},[47,496,229],{"class":87},[47,498,107],{"class":83},[20,500,338],{},[38,502,504],{"className":40,"code":503,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ALICE\n",[15,505,506],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,507,508],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,509,503],{"class":353},[20,511,512],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[33,514,516],{"id":515},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,518,519,521],{},[15,520,17],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[133,523,524,527,530,533],{},[136,525,526],{},"Numbers stay the same",[136,528,529],{},"Spaces stay the same",[136,531,532],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[136,534,535],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,537,538],{},"Example:",[38,540,542],{"className":40,"code":541,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,543,544,557],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,545,546,548,550,552,555],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,547,54],{"class":53},[47,549,58],{"class":57},[47,551,62],{"class":61},[47,553,554],{"class":65},"Room 7, table #3!",[47,556,69],{"class":61},[47,558,559,561,563,566,568,570],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,560,98],{"class":97},[47,562,101],{"class":83},[47,564,565],{"class":87},"text",[47,567,84],{"class":83},[47,569,88],{"class":87},[47,571,236],{"class":83},[20,573,338],{},[38,575,577],{"className":40,"code":576,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,578,579],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,580,581,584,588,591,594],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,582,583],{"class":353},"ROOM",[47,585,587],{"class":586},"srdBf"," 7",[47,589,590],{"class":83},",",[47,592,593],{"class":353}," TABLE",[47,595,596],{"class":113}," #3!\n",[20,598,599],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[33,601,603,604],{"id":602},"when-to-use-upper","When to use ",[15,605,17],{},[20,607,608,610],{},[15,609,17],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,612,613],{},"Common uses:",[133,615,616,619,622],{},[136,617,618],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[136,620,621],{},"Format labels or headings",[136,623,624],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,626,627],{},"Example: simple comparison",[38,629,631],{"className":40,"code":630,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,632,633,647,651,680],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,634,635,638,640,642,645],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,636,637],{"class":53},"answer ",[47,639,58],{"class":57},[47,641,62],{"class":61},[47,643,644],{"class":65},"yes",[47,646,69],{"class":61},[47,648,649],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,650,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,652,653,657,660,662,664,667,670,672,675,677],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,654,656],{"class":655},"sVHd0","if",[47,658,659],{"class":53}," answer",[47,661,84],{"class":83},[47,663,88],{"class":87},[47,665,666],{"class":83},"()",[47,668,669],{"class":57}," ==",[47,671,62],{"class":61},[47,673,674],{"class":65},"YES",[47,676,253],{"class":61},[47,678,679],{"class":83},":\n",[47,681,682,685,687,689,692,694],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,683,684],{"class":97},"    print",[47,686,101],{"class":83},[47,688,253],{"class":61},[47,690,691],{"class":65},"Matched",[47,693,253],{"class":61},[47,695,107],{"class":83},[20,697,338],{},[38,699,701],{"className":40,"code":700,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Matched\n",[15,702,703],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,704,705],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,706,700],{"class":53},[20,708,709,710,712,713,716,717,84],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,711,644],{},", ",[15,714,715],{},"Yes",", or ",[15,718,674],{},[33,720,722],{"id":721},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[724,725,727],"h3",{"id":726},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,729,730,731,734],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,732,733],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,736,737],{},"Wrong:",[38,739,741],{"className":40,"code":740,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,742,743,755,765],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,744,745,747,749,751,753],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,746,54],{"class":53},[47,748,58],{"class":57},[47,750,62],{"class":61},[47,752,256],{"class":65},[47,754,69],{"class":61},[47,756,757,759,761,763],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,758,565],{"class":53},[47,760,84],{"class":83},[47,762,88],{"class":87},[47,764,91],{"class":83},[47,766,767,769,771,773],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,768,98],{"class":97},[47,770,101],{"class":83},[47,772,565],{"class":87},[47,774,107],{"class":83},[20,776,338],{},[38,778,780],{"className":40,"code":779,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"hello\n",[15,781,782],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,783,784],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,785,779],{"class":53},[20,787,788],{},"Correct:",[38,790,792],{"className":40,"code":791,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,793,794,806,820],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,795,796,798,800,802,804],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,797,54],{"class":53},[47,799,58],{"class":57},[47,801,62],{"class":61},[47,803,256],{"class":65},[47,805,69],{"class":61},[47,807,808,810,812,814,816,818],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,809,54],{"class":53},[47,811,58],{"class":57},[47,813,80],{"class":53},[47,815,84],{"class":83},[47,817,88],{"class":87},[47,819,91],{"class":83},[47,821,822,824,826,828],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,823,98],{"class":97},[47,825,101],{"class":83},[47,827,565],{"class":87},[47,829,107],{"class":83},[20,831,338],{},[38,833,835],{"className":40,"code":834,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"HELLO\n",[15,836,837],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,838,839],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,840,834],{"class":353},[724,842,844,845,847],{"id":843},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value","Trying to call ",[15,846,17],{}," on a non-string value",[20,849,850,852],{},[15,851,17],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,854,538],{},[38,856,858],{"className":40,"code":857,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,859,860,870],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,861,862,865,867],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,863,864],{"class":53},"number ",[47,866,58],{"class":57},[47,868,869],{"class":586}," 123\n",[47,871,872,874,876,879,881,883],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,873,98],{"class":97},[47,875,101],{"class":83},[47,877,878],{"class":87},"number",[47,880,84],{"class":83},[47,882,88],{"class":87},[47,884,236],{"class":83},[20,886,887,888,891,892,894],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,889,890],{},"int"," objects do not have an ",[15,893,17],{}," method.",[20,896,897],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[38,899,901],{"className":40,"code":900,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,902,903,911],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,904,905,907,909],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,906,864],{"class":53},[47,908,58],{"class":57},[47,910,869],{"class":586},[47,912,913,915,917,921,923,925,928,930],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,914,98],{"class":97},[47,916,101],{"class":83},[47,918,920],{"class":919},"sZMiF","str",[47,922,101],{"class":83},[47,924,878],{"class":87},[47,926,927],{"class":83},").",[47,929,88],{"class":87},[47,931,236],{"class":83},[20,933,338],{},[38,935,937],{"className":40,"code":936,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"123\n",[15,938,939],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,940,941],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,942,936],{"class":586},[724,944,946,947,949],{"id":945},"confusing-upper-with-title-case","Confusing ",[15,948,17],{}," with title case",[20,951,952,954,955,958],{},[15,953,17],{}," makes ",[121,956,957],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[38,960,962],{"className":40,"code":961,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,963,964,977],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,965,966,968,970,972,975],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,967,54],{"class":53},[47,969,58],{"class":57},[47,971,62],{"class":61},[47,973,974],{"class":65},"hello world",[47,976,69],{"class":61},[47,978,979,981,983,985,987,989],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,980,98],{"class":97},[47,982,101],{"class":83},[47,984,565],{"class":87},[47,986,84],{"class":83},[47,988,88],{"class":87},[47,990,236],{"class":83},[20,992,338],{},[38,994,996],{"className":40,"code":995,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,997,998],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,999,1000,1003],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1001,1002],{"class":353},"HELLO",[47,1004,1005],{"class":353}," WORLD\n",[20,1007,1008,1009,1015,1016,1022],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[154,1010,1012],{"href":1011},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,1013,1014],{},"lower()"," makes text lowercase, and ",[154,1017,1019],{"href":1018},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,1020,1021],{},"replace()"," changes parts of a string.",[33,1024,1026],{"id":1025},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,1028,1029,1030,1032],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,1031,17],{},":",[133,1034,1035,1042,1051,1058],{},[136,1036,1037,1041],{},[154,1038,1039],{"href":1011},[15,1040,1014],{}," for lowercase text",[136,1043,1044,1050],{},[154,1045,1047],{"href":1046},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,1048,1049],{},"strip()"," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[136,1052,1053,1057],{},[154,1054,1055],{"href":1018},[15,1056,1021],{}," for changing parts of a string",[136,1059,1060,1063,1064,1067],{},[15,1061,1062],{},"startswith()"," and ",[15,1065,1066],{},"endswith()"," for checks",[20,1069,538],{},[38,1071,1073],{"className":40,"code":1072,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,1074,1075,1088,1092,1108,1124,1128],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1076,1077,1079,1081,1083,1086],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1078,54],{"class":53},[47,1080,58],{"class":57},[47,1082,62],{"class":61},[47,1084,1085],{"class":65},"  hello world  ",[47,1087,69],{"class":61},[47,1089,1090],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,1091,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,1093,1094,1097,1099,1101,1103,1106],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,1095,1096],{"class":53},"cleaned ",[47,1098,58],{"class":57},[47,1100,80],{"class":53},[47,1102,84],{"class":83},[47,1104,1105],{"class":87},"strip",[47,1107,91],{"class":83},[47,1109,1110,1113,1115,1118,1120,1122],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,1111,1112],{"class":53},"loud ",[47,1114,58],{"class":57},[47,1116,1117],{"class":53}," cleaned",[47,1119,84],{"class":83},[47,1121,88],{"class":87},[47,1123,91],{"class":83},[47,1125,1126],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,1127,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,1129,1131,1133,1135,1138],{"class":49,"line":1130},6,[47,1132,98],{"class":97},[47,1134,101],{"class":83},[47,1136,1137],{"class":87},"loud",[47,1139,107],{"class":83},[20,1141,338],{},[38,1143,1144],{"className":40,"code":995,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,1145,1146],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1147,1148,1150],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1149,1002],{"class":353},[47,1151,1005],{"class":353},[33,1153,1155],{"id":1154},"faq","FAQ",[724,1157,1159,1160,1162],{"id":1158},"does-upper-change-the-original-string","Does ",[15,1161,17],{}," change the original string?",[20,1164,1165],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[724,1167,1159,1169,1171],{"id":1168},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,1170,17],{}," take any arguments?",[20,1173,1174,1175,84],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,1176,733],{},[724,1178,1180],{"id":1179},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,1182,1183,1184,1186],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,1185,17],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[724,1188,1190,1191,1193],{"id":1189},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison","Can I use ",[15,1192,17],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,1195,1196],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,1198,538],{},[38,1200,1202],{"className":40,"code":1201,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,1203,1204,1217,1231,1235],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1205,1206,1209,1211,1213,1215],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1207,1208],{"class":53},"a ",[47,1210,58],{"class":57},[47,1212,62],{"class":61},[47,1214,42],{"class":65},[47,1216,69],{"class":61},[47,1218,1219,1222,1224,1226,1229],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,1220,1221],{"class":53},"b ",[47,1223,58],{"class":57},[47,1225,62],{"class":61},[47,1227,1228],{"class":65},"PYTHON",[47,1230,69],{"class":61},[47,1232,1233],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,1234,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,1236,1237,1239,1241,1243,1245,1247,1249,1251,1254,1256,1258],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,1238,98],{"class":97},[47,1240,101],{"class":83},[47,1242,154],{"class":87},[47,1244,84],{"class":83},[47,1246,88],{"class":87},[47,1248,666],{"class":83},[47,1250,669],{"class":57},[47,1252,1253],{"class":87}," b",[47,1255,84],{"class":83},[47,1257,88],{"class":87},[47,1259,236],{"class":83},[20,1261,338],{},[38,1263,1265],{"className":40,"code":1264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\n",[15,1266,1267],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1268,1269],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1270,1264],{"class":1271},"s39Yj",[33,1273,1275],{"id":1274},"see-also","See also",[133,1277,1278,1282,1290,1296,1302,1308,1314],{},[136,1279,1280],{},[154,1281,162],{"href":161},[136,1283,1284],{},[154,1285,1286,1287,1289],{"href":1011},"Python string ",[15,1288,1014],{}," method",[136,1291,1292],{},[154,1293,1286,1294,1289],{"href":1046},[15,1295,1049],{},[136,1297,1298],{},[154,1299,1286,1300,1289],{"href":1018},[15,1301,1021],{},[136,1303,1304],{},[154,1305,1307],{"href":1306},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","How to format strings in Python",[136,1309,1310],{},[154,1311,1313],{"href":1312},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F","How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[136,1315,1316],{},[154,1317,1318],{"href":156},"What is a string in Python?",[1320,1321,1322],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":1324},[1325,1326,1328,1329,1330,1332,1333,1335,1342,1343,1352],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":127,"depth":72,"text":1327},"What upper() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":267,"depth":72,"text":268},{"id":374,"depth":72,"text":1331},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":515,"depth":72,"text":516},{"id":602,"depth":72,"text":1334},"When to use upper()",{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722,"children":1336},[1337,1338,1340],{"id":726,"depth":94,"text":727},{"id":843,"depth":94,"text":1339},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":945,"depth":94,"text":1341},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":1025,"depth":72,"text":1026},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":1344},[1345,1347,1349,1350],{"id":1158,"depth":94,"text":1346},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":1168,"depth":94,"text":1348},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":1179,"depth":94,"text":1180},{"id":1189,"depth":94,"text":1351},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":5,"description":1353},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",[1361,2960,4676,6373,8507,10711,12227,14405,16610,19068,20906,23472,25571,27852,29800,31711,33707,35143,36970,39492,41653,42881,44252,45900,48220,50064,52045,53739,54992,56686,58437,60408,62157,64257,65617,67568,69131,71121,72916,74816,77258,79336,81976,84005,85967,88155,90157,92470,94152,95595,96789,97966,99806,102246,103950,105965,107489,108734,109897,111279,113349,115246,117020,118886,121005,122745,124199,125789,127709,129384,131319,132808,135591,137154,138712,140740,142692,144152,145219,147105,148516,150212,151766,153188,154591,156489,158883,160714],{"id":1362,"title":1363,"body":1364,"description":2954,"extension":1354,"meta":2955,"navigation":311,"path":2956,"seo":2957,"stem":2958,"__hash__":2959},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1365,"toc":2926},[1366,1369,1376,1379,1390,1393,1395,1462,1464,1484,1490,1494,1499,1502,1518,1521,1547,1550,1552,1554,1570,1573,1597,1599,1655,1657,1672,1682,1693,1697,1700,1754,1756,1776,1779,1803,1810,1814,1819,1825,1827,1866,1868,1877,1884,1902,1905,1917,1921,1926,1930,1933,1952,1954,2011,2013,2021,2024,2028,2060,2062,2070,2073,2077,2082,2130,2132,2140,2144,2204,2206,2214,2217,2219,2223,2226,2249,2258,2273,2324,2326,2341,2352,2356,2359,2390,2397,2401,2406,2447,2449,2460,2463,2506,2508,2516,2520,2525,2547,2549,2558,2567,2571,2576,2598,2600,2671,2673,2725,2728,2731,2734,2813,2815,2845,2847,2851,2854,2858,2861,2865,2868,2872,2884,2888,2891,2893,2923],[10,1367,1363],{"id":1368},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,1370,1371,1372,1375],{},"The ",[15,1373,1374],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1377,1378],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[133,1380,1381,1384,1387],{},[136,1382,1383],{},"a number without its negative sign",[136,1385,1386],{},"the distance between two numbers",[136,1388,1389],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,1391,1392],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[33,1394,36],{"id":35},[38,1396,1398],{"className":40,"code":1397,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,1399,1400,1420,1435],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1401,1402,1404,1406,1409,1411,1414,1417],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1403,98],{"class":97},[47,1405,101],{"class":83},[47,1407,1408],{"class":97},"abs",[47,1410,101],{"class":83},[47,1412,1413],{"class":57},"-",[47,1415,1416],{"class":586},"7",[47,1418,1419],{"class":83},"))\n",[47,1421,1422,1424,1426,1428,1430,1433],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,1423,98],{"class":97},[47,1425,101],{"class":83},[47,1427,1408],{"class":97},[47,1429,101],{"class":83},[47,1431,1432],{"class":586},"3.5",[47,1434,1419],{"class":83},[47,1436,1437,1439,1441,1443,1445,1447,1450,1453,1456,1460],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,1438,98],{"class":97},[47,1440,101],{"class":83},[47,1442,1408],{"class":97},[47,1444,101],{"class":83},[47,1446,1413],{"class":57},[47,1448,1449],{"class":586},"2",[47,1451,1452],{"class":57},"+",[47,1454,1455],{"class":586},"3",[47,1457,1459],{"class":1458},"sbsja","j",[47,1461,1419],{"class":83},[20,1463,338],{},[38,1465,1467],{"className":40,"code":1466,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,1468,1469,1474,1479],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1470,1471],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1472,1473],{"class":586},"7\n",[47,1475,1476],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,1477,1478],{"class":586},"3.5\n",[47,1480,1481],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,1482,1483],{"class":586},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,1485,1486,1487,1489],{},"Use ",[15,1488,1374],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[33,1491,1493],{"id":1492},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,1495,1496,1498],{},[15,1497,1374],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1500,1501],{},"That means:",[133,1503,1504,1507,1510],{},[136,1505,1506],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[136,1508,1509],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[136,1511,1512,1515,1516],{},[15,1513,1514],{},"0"," stays ",[15,1517,1514],{},[20,1519,1520],{},"Examples:",[133,1522,1523,1532,1540],{},[136,1524,1525,1528,1529],{},[15,1526,1527],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,1530,1531],{},"5",[136,1533,1534,1528,1537],{},[15,1535,1536],{},"abs(9)",[15,1538,1539],{},"9",[136,1541,1542,1528,1545],{},[15,1543,1544],{},"abs(0)",[15,1546,1514],{},[20,1548,1549],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[33,1551,166],{"id":165},[20,1553,169],{},[38,1555,1557],{"className":40,"code":1556,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"abs(x)\n",[15,1558,1559],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1560,1561,1563,1565,1568],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1562,1408],{"class":97},[47,1564,101],{"class":83},[47,1566,1567],{"class":87},"x",[47,1569,107],{"class":83},[20,1571,1572],{},"Here:",[133,1574,1575,1589,1594],{},[136,1576,1577,1579,1580,712,1582,716,1585,1588],{},[15,1578,1567],{}," is usually an ",[15,1581,890],{},[15,1583,1584],{},"float",[15,1586,1587],{},"complex"," number",[136,1590,1591,1593],{},[15,1592,1374],{}," returns a new value",[136,1595,1596],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,1598,538],{},[38,1600,1602],{"className":40,"code":1601,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,1603,1604,1616,1631,1635,1645],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1605,1606,1608,1610,1613],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1607,864],{"class":53},[47,1609,58],{"class":57},[47,1611,1612],{"class":57}," -",[47,1614,1615],{"class":586},"12\n",[47,1617,1618,1620,1622,1625,1627,1629],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,1619,75],{"class":53},[47,1621,58],{"class":57},[47,1623,1624],{"class":97}," abs",[47,1626,101],{"class":83},[47,1628,878],{"class":87},[47,1630,107],{"class":83},[47,1632,1633],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,1634,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,1636,1637,1639,1641,1643],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,1638,98],{"class":97},[47,1640,101],{"class":83},[47,1642,878],{"class":87},[47,1644,107],{"class":83},[47,1646,1647,1649,1651,1653],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,1648,98],{"class":97},[47,1650,101],{"class":83},[47,1652,104],{"class":87},[47,1654,107],{"class":83},[20,1656,338],{},[38,1658,1660],{"className":40,"code":1659,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"-12\n12\n",[15,1661,1662,1668],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1663,1664,1666],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1665,1413],{"class":57},[47,1667,1615],{"class":586},[47,1669,1670],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,1671,1615],{"class":586},[20,1673,1674,1675,1677,1678,1681],{},"Notice that ",[15,1676,878],{}," is still ",[15,1679,1680],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,1683,1684,1685,1692],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[154,1686,1688,1691],{"href":1687},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,1689,1690],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[33,1694,1696],{"id":1695},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,1698,1699],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[38,1701,1703],{"className":40,"code":1702,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,1704,1705,1722,1737],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1706,1707,1709,1711,1713,1715,1717,1720],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1708,98],{"class":97},[47,1710,101],{"class":83},[47,1712,1408],{"class":97},[47,1714,101],{"class":83},[47,1716,1413],{"class":57},[47,1718,1719],{"class":586},"10",[47,1721,1419],{"class":83},[47,1723,1724,1726,1728,1730,1732,1735],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,1725,98],{"class":97},[47,1727,101],{"class":83},[47,1729,1408],{"class":97},[47,1731,101],{"class":83},[47,1733,1734],{"class":586},"8",[47,1736,1419],{"class":83},[47,1738,1739,1741,1743,1745,1747,1749,1752],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,1740,98],{"class":97},[47,1742,101],{"class":83},[47,1744,1408],{"class":97},[47,1746,101],{"class":83},[47,1748,1413],{"class":57},[47,1750,1751],{"class":586},"4.2",[47,1753,1419],{"class":83},[20,1755,338],{},[38,1757,1759],{"className":40,"code":1758,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,1760,1761,1766,1771],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1762,1763],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1764,1765],{"class":586},"10\n",[47,1767,1768],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,1769,1770],{"class":586},"8\n",[47,1772,1773],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,1774,1775],{"class":586},"4.2\n",[20,1777,1778],{},"What each line does:",[133,1780,1781,1789,1796],{},[136,1782,1783,1786,1787],{},[15,1784,1785],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,1788,1719],{},[136,1790,1791,1786,1794],{},[15,1792,1793],{},"abs(8)",[15,1795,1734],{},[136,1797,1798,1786,1801],{},[15,1799,1800],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,1802,1751],{},[20,1804,1805,1806,84],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[154,1807,1809],{"href":1808},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[33,1811,1813],{"id":1812},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,1815,1816,1818],{},[15,1817,1374],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,1820,1821,1822,1824],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,1823,1514],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,1826,538],{},[38,1828,1830],{"className":40,"code":1829,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,1831,1832,1851],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1833,1834,1837,1839,1842,1845,1848],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1835,1836],{"class":53},"value ",[47,1838,58],{"class":57},[47,1840,1841],{"class":586}," 3",[47,1843,1844],{"class":57}," +",[47,1846,1847],{"class":586}," 4",[47,1849,1850],{"class":1458},"j\n",[47,1852,1853,1855,1857,1859,1861,1864],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,1854,98],{"class":97},[47,1856,101],{"class":83},[47,1858,1408],{"class":97},[47,1860,101],{"class":83},[47,1862,1863],{"class":87},"value",[47,1865,1419],{"class":83},[20,1867,338],{},[38,1869,1871],{"className":40,"code":1870,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5.0\n",[15,1872,1873],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1874,1875],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1876,1870],{"class":586},[20,1878,1879,1880,1883],{},"Why ",[15,1881,1882],{},"5.0","?",[133,1885,1886,1891,1897],{},[136,1887,1888,1889],{},"the real part is ",[15,1890,1455],{},[136,1892,1893,1894],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,1895,1896],{},"4",[136,1898,1899,1900],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,1901,1882],{},[20,1903,1904],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[133,1906,1907,1914],{},[136,1908,1909,1911,1912],{},[15,1910,1374],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,1913,1584],{},[136,1915,1916],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[33,1918,1920],{"id":1919},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,1922,1923,1924,84],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,1925,1374],{},[724,1927,1929],{"id":1928},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,1931,1932],{},"A very common pattern is:",[38,1934,1936],{"className":40,"code":1935,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,1937,1938],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1939,1940,1942,1944,1946,1948,1950],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1941,1408],{"class":97},[47,1943,101],{"class":83},[47,1945,1208],{"class":87},[47,1947,1413],{"class":57},[47,1949,1253],{"class":87},[47,1951,107],{"class":83},[20,1953,538],{},[38,1955,1957],{"className":40,"code":1956,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,1958,1959,1968,1977,1981,2000],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1960,1961,1963,1965],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1962,1208],{"class":53},[47,1964,58],{"class":57},[47,1966,1967],{"class":586}," 3\n",[47,1969,1970,1972,1974],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,1971,1221],{"class":53},[47,1973,58],{"class":57},[47,1975,1976],{"class":586}," 10\n",[47,1978,1979],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,1980,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,1982,1983,1986,1988,1990,1992,1994,1996,1998],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,1984,1985],{"class":53},"distance ",[47,1987,58],{"class":57},[47,1989,1624],{"class":97},[47,1991,101],{"class":83},[47,1993,1208],{"class":87},[47,1995,1413],{"class":57},[47,1997,1253],{"class":87},[47,1999,107],{"class":83},[47,2001,2002,2004,2006,2009],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,2003,98],{"class":97},[47,2005,101],{"class":83},[47,2007,2008],{"class":87},"distance",[47,2010,107],{"class":83},[20,2012,338],{},[38,2014,2015],{"className":40,"code":1473,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,2016,2017],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2018,2019],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2020,1473],{"class":586},[20,2022,2023],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[724,2025,2027],{"id":2026},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[38,2029,2031],{"className":40,"code":2030,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2032,2033,2045],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2034,2035,2038,2040,2042],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2036,2037],{"class":53},"temperature_change ",[47,2039,58],{"class":57},[47,2041,1612],{"class":57},[47,2043,2044],{"class":586},"6\n",[47,2046,2047,2049,2051,2053,2055,2058],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,2048,98],{"class":97},[47,2050,101],{"class":83},[47,2052,1408],{"class":97},[47,2054,101],{"class":83},[47,2056,2057],{"class":87},"temperature_change",[47,2059,1419],{"class":83},[20,2061,338],{},[38,2063,2064],{"className":40,"code":2044,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,2065,2066],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2067,2068],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2069,2044],{"class":586},[20,2071,2072],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[724,2074,2076],{"id":2075},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2078,2079,2080,1692],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2081,1374],{},[38,2083,2085],{"className":40,"code":2084,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2086,2087,2099,2115,2119],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2088,2089,2092,2094,2096],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2090,2091],{"class":53},"balance_change ",[47,2093,58],{"class":57},[47,2095,1612],{"class":57},[47,2097,2098],{"class":586},"25\n",[47,2100,2101,2104,2106,2108,2110,2113],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,2102,2103],{"class":53},"safe_value ",[47,2105,58],{"class":57},[47,2107,1624],{"class":97},[47,2109,101],{"class":83},[47,2111,2112],{"class":87},"balance_change",[47,2114,107],{"class":83},[47,2116,2117],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,2118,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,2120,2121,2123,2125,2128],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,2122,98],{"class":97},[47,2124,101],{"class":83},[47,2126,2127],{"class":87},"safe_value",[47,2129,107],{"class":83},[20,2131,338],{},[38,2133,2134],{"className":40,"code":2098,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,2135,2136],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2137,2138],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2139,2098],{"class":586},[724,2141,2143],{"id":2142},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[38,2145,2147],{"className":40,"code":2146,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2148,2149,2159,2169,2173,2193],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2150,2151,2154,2156],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2152,2153],{"class":53},"guess ",[47,2155,58],{"class":57},[47,2157,2158],{"class":586}," 42\n",[47,2160,2161,2164,2166],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,2162,2163],{"class":53},"target ",[47,2165,58],{"class":57},[47,2167,2168],{"class":586}," 50\n",[47,2170,2171],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,2172,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,2174,2175,2178,2180,2182,2184,2186,2188,2191],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,2176,2177],{"class":53},"difference ",[47,2179,58],{"class":57},[47,2181,1624],{"class":97},[47,2183,101],{"class":83},[47,2185,2153],{"class":87},[47,2187,1413],{"class":57},[47,2189,2190],{"class":87}," target",[47,2192,107],{"class":83},[47,2194,2195,2197,2199,2202],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,2196,98],{"class":97},[47,2198,101],{"class":83},[47,2200,2201],{"class":87},"difference",[47,2203,107],{"class":83},[20,2205,338],{},[38,2207,2208],{"className":40,"code":1770,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,2209,2210],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2211,2212],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2213,1770],{"class":586},[20,2215,2216],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[33,2218,722],{"id":721},[724,2220,2222],{"id":2221},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2224,2225],{},"This causes an error:",[38,2227,2229],{"className":40,"code":2228,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2230,2231],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2232,2233,2235,2237,2239,2241,2243,2245,2247],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2234,98],{"class":97},[47,2236,101],{"class":83},[47,2238,1408],{"class":97},[47,2240,101],{"class":83},[47,2242,253],{"class":61},[47,2244,1531],{"class":65},[47,2246,253],{"class":61},[47,2248,1419],{"class":83},[20,2250,2251,2254,2255,2257],{},[15,2252,2253],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2256,1374],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2259,2260,2261,158,2267,1032],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[154,2262,2264],{"href":2263},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,2265,2266],{},"int()",[154,2268,2270],{"href":2269},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,2271,2272],{},"float()",[38,2274,2276],{"className":40,"code":2275,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,2277,2278,2301],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2279,2280,2282,2284,2286,2288,2290,2292,2294,2296,2298],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2281,98],{"class":97},[47,2283,101],{"class":83},[47,2285,1408],{"class":97},[47,2287,101],{"class":83},[47,2289,890],{"class":919},[47,2291,101],{"class":83},[47,2293,253],{"class":61},[47,2295,1531],{"class":65},[47,2297,253],{"class":61},[47,2299,2300],{"class":83},")))\n",[47,2302,2303,2305,2307,2309,2311,2313,2315,2317,2320,2322],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,2304,98],{"class":97},[47,2306,101],{"class":83},[47,2308,1408],{"class":97},[47,2310,101],{"class":83},[47,2312,1584],{"class":919},[47,2314,101],{"class":83},[47,2316,253],{"class":61},[47,2318,2319],{"class":65},"-3.2",[47,2321,253],{"class":61},[47,2323,2300],{"class":83},[20,2325,338],{},[38,2327,2329],{"className":40,"code":2328,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5\n3.2\n",[15,2330,2331,2336],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2332,2333],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2334,2335],{"class":586},"5\n",[47,2337,2338],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,2339,2340],{"class":586},"3.2\n",[20,2342,2343,2344,2347,2348,84],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,2345,2346],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[154,2349,2351],{"href":2350},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[724,2353,2355],{"id":2354},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,2357,2358],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[38,2360,2362],{"className":40,"code":2361,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,2363,2364],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2365,2366,2368,2370,2372,2375,2378,2380,2383,2385,2387],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2367,98],{"class":97},[47,2369,101],{"class":83},[47,2371,1408],{"class":97},[47,2373,2374],{"class":83},"([",[47,2376,2377],{"class":586},"1",[47,2379,590],{"class":83},[47,2381,2382],{"class":586}," 2",[47,2384,590],{"class":83},[47,2386,1841],{"class":586},[47,2388,2389],{"class":83},"]))\n",[20,2391,2392,2393,2396],{},"This raises a ",[15,2394,2395],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[724,2398,2400],{"id":2399},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,2402,2403,2405],{},[15,2404,1374],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[38,2407,2409],{"className":40,"code":2408,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2410,2411,2423,2433,2437],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2412,2413,2416,2418,2420],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2414,2415],{"class":53},"x ",[47,2417,58],{"class":57},[47,2419,1612],{"class":57},[47,2421,2422],{"class":586},"9\n",[47,2424,2425,2427,2429,2431],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,2426,1408],{"class":97},[47,2428,101],{"class":83},[47,2430,1567],{"class":87},[47,2432,107],{"class":83},[47,2434,2435],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,2436,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,2438,2439,2441,2443,2445],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,2440,98],{"class":97},[47,2442,101],{"class":83},[47,2444,1567],{"class":87},[47,2446,107],{"class":83},[20,2448,338],{},[38,2450,2452],{"className":40,"code":2451,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"-9\n",[15,2453,2454],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2455,2456,2458],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2457,1413],{"class":57},[47,2459,2422],{"class":586},[20,2461,2462],{},"If you want to store the result:",[38,2464,2466],{"className":40,"code":2465,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2467,2468,2478,2492,2496],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2469,2470,2472,2474,2476],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2471,2415],{"class":53},[47,2473,58],{"class":57},[47,2475,1612],{"class":57},[47,2477,2422],{"class":586},[47,2479,2480,2482,2484,2486,2488,2490],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,2481,2415],{"class":53},[47,2483,58],{"class":57},[47,2485,1624],{"class":97},[47,2487,101],{"class":83},[47,2489,1567],{"class":87},[47,2491,107],{"class":83},[47,2493,2494],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,2495,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,2497,2498,2500,2502,2504],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,2499,98],{"class":97},[47,2501,101],{"class":83},[47,2503,1567],{"class":87},[47,2505,107],{"class":83},[20,2507,338],{},[38,2509,2510],{"className":40,"code":2422,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,2511,2512],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2513,2514],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2515,2422],{"class":586},[724,2517,2519],{"id":2518},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,2521,2522,2524],{},[15,2523,1374],{}," does not round numbers.",[38,2526,2528],{"className":40,"code":2527,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,2529,2530],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2531,2532,2534,2536,2538,2540,2542,2545],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2533,98],{"class":97},[47,2535,101],{"class":83},[47,2537,1408],{"class":97},[47,2539,101],{"class":83},[47,2541,1413],{"class":57},[47,2543,2544],{"class":586},"4.7",[47,2546,1419],{"class":83},[20,2548,338],{},[38,2550,2552],{"className":40,"code":2551,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"4.7\n",[15,2553,2554],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2555,2556],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2557,2551],{"class":586},[20,2559,2560,2561,2563,2564,2566],{},"If you expected ",[15,2562,1531],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,2565,1374],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[33,2568,2570],{"id":2569},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,2572,2573,2575],{},[15,2574,1374],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[133,2577,2578,2585,2592],{},[136,2579,2580,2582,2583],{},[15,2581,890],{}," input → returns an ",[15,2584,890],{},[136,2586,2587,2589,2590],{},[15,2588,1584],{}," input → returns a ",[15,2591,1584],{},[136,2593,2594,2589,2596],{},[15,2595,1587],{},[15,2597,1584],{},[20,2599,538],{},[38,2601,2603],{"className":40,"code":2602,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,2604,2605,2626,2647],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2606,2607,2609,2611,2614,2616,2618,2620,2622,2624],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2608,98],{"class":97},[47,2610,101],{"class":83},[47,2612,2613],{"class":919},"type",[47,2615,101],{"class":83},[47,2617,1408],{"class":97},[47,2619,101],{"class":83},[47,2621,1413],{"class":57},[47,2623,1531],{"class":586},[47,2625,2300],{"class":83},[47,2627,2628,2630,2632,2634,2636,2638,2640,2642,2645],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,2629,98],{"class":97},[47,2631,101],{"class":83},[47,2633,2613],{"class":919},[47,2635,101],{"class":83},[47,2637,1408],{"class":97},[47,2639,101],{"class":83},[47,2641,1413],{"class":57},[47,2643,2644],{"class":586},"3.2",[47,2646,2300],{"class":83},[47,2648,2649,2651,2653,2655,2657,2659,2661,2663,2665,2667,2669],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,2650,98],{"class":97},[47,2652,101],{"class":83},[47,2654,2613],{"class":919},[47,2656,101],{"class":83},[47,2658,1408],{"class":97},[47,2660,101],{"class":83},[47,2662,1455],{"class":586},[47,2664,1844],{"class":57},[47,2666,1847],{"class":586},[47,2668,1459],{"class":1458},[47,2670,2300],{"class":83},[20,2672,338],{},[38,2674,2676],{"className":40,"code":2675,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,2677,2678,2697,2711],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2679,2680,2683,2686,2689,2691,2694],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2681,2682],{"class":57},"\u003C",[47,2684,2685],{"class":1458},"class",[47,2687,2688],{"class":61}," '",[47,2690,890],{"class":65},[47,2692,2693],{"class":61},"'",[47,2695,2696],{"class":57},">\n",[47,2698,2699,2701,2703,2705,2707,2709],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,2700,2682],{"class":57},[47,2702,2685],{"class":1458},[47,2704,2688],{"class":61},[47,2706,1584],{"class":65},[47,2708,2693],{"class":61},[47,2710,2696],{"class":57},[47,2712,2713,2715,2717,2719,2721,2723],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,2714,2682],{"class":57},[47,2716,2685],{"class":1458},[47,2718,2688],{"class":61},[47,2720,1584],{"class":65},[47,2722,2693],{"class":61},[47,2724,2696],{"class":57},[20,2726,2727],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,2729,2730],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,2732,2733],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[38,2735,2737],{"className":40,"code":2736,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,2738,2739,2752,2762,2776,2780,2794],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2740,2741,2743,2745,2747,2750],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2742,1836],{"class":53},[47,2744,58],{"class":57},[47,2746,62],{"class":61},[47,2748,2749],{"class":65},"-5",[47,2751,69],{"class":61},[47,2753,2754,2756,2758,2760],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,2755,98],{"class":97},[47,2757,101],{"class":83},[47,2759,1863],{"class":87},[47,2761,107],{"class":83},[47,2763,2764,2766,2768,2770,2772,2774],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,2765,98],{"class":97},[47,2767,101],{"class":83},[47,2769,2613],{"class":919},[47,2771,101],{"class":83},[47,2773,1863],{"class":87},[47,2775,1419],{"class":83},[47,2777,2778],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,2779,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,2781,2782,2785,2787,2789,2792],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,2783,2784],{"class":53},"user_input ",[47,2786,58],{"class":57},[47,2788,62],{"class":61},[47,2790,2791],{"class":65},"-3.7",[47,2793,69],{"class":61},[47,2795,2796,2798,2800,2802,2804,2806,2808,2811],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,2797,98],{"class":97},[47,2799,101],{"class":83},[47,2801,1408],{"class":97},[47,2803,101],{"class":83},[47,2805,1584],{"class":919},[47,2807,101],{"class":83},[47,2809,2810],{"class":87},"user_input",[47,2812,2300],{"class":83},[20,2814,338],{},[38,2816,2818],{"className":40,"code":2817,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,2819,2820,2826,2840],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2821,2822,2824],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2823,1413],{"class":57},[47,2825,2335],{"class":586},[47,2827,2828,2830,2832,2834,2836,2838],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,2829,2682],{"class":57},[47,2831,2685],{"class":1458},[47,2833,2688],{"class":61},[47,2835,920],{"class":65},[47,2837,2693],{"class":61},[47,2839,2696],{"class":57},[47,2841,2842],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,2843,2844],{"class":586},"3.7\n",[33,2846,1155],{"id":1154},[724,2848,2850],{"id":2849},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,2852,2853],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[724,2855,2857],{"id":2856},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,2859,2860],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[724,2862,2864],{"id":2863},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,2866,2867],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[724,2869,2871],{"id":2870},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,2873,2874,2876,2877,158,2879,2881,2882,84],{},[15,2875,2346],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,2878,2266],{},[15,2880,2272],{}," before using ",[15,2883,1374],{},[724,2885,2887],{"id":2886},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,2889,2890],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[33,2892,1275],{"id":1274},[133,2894,2895,2902,2908,2914,2919],{},[136,2896,2897],{},[154,2898,2899,2901],{"href":2263},[15,2900,2266],{}," function explained",[136,2903,2904],{},[154,2905,2906,2901],{"href":2269},[15,2907,2272],{},[136,2909,2910],{},[154,2911,2912,2901],{"href":1687},[15,2913,1690],{},[136,2915,2916],{},[154,2917,2918],{"href":2350},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[136,2920,2921],{},[154,2922,1809],{"href":1808},[1320,2924,2925],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":2927},[2928,2929,2930,2931,2932,2933,2939,2945,2946,2953],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":1492,"depth":72,"text":1493},{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":1695,"depth":72,"text":1696},{"id":1812,"depth":72,"text":1813},{"id":1919,"depth":72,"text":1920,"children":2934},[2935,2936,2937,2938],{"id":1928,"depth":94,"text":1929},{"id":2026,"depth":94,"text":2027},{"id":2075,"depth":94,"text":2076},{"id":2142,"depth":94,"text":2143},{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722,"children":2940},[2941,2942,2943,2944],{"id":2221,"depth":94,"text":2222},{"id":2354,"depth":94,"text":2355},{"id":2399,"depth":94,"text":2400},{"id":2518,"depth":94,"text":2519},{"id":2569,"depth":72,"text":2570},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":2947},[2948,2949,2950,2951,2952],{"id":2849,"depth":94,"text":2850},{"id":2856,"depth":94,"text":2857},{"id":2863,"depth":94,"text":2864},{"id":2870,"depth":94,"text":2871},{"id":2886,"depth":94,"text":2887},{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1363,"description":2954},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":2961,"title":2962,"body":2963,"description":4670,"extension":1354,"meta":4671,"navigation":311,"path":4672,"seo":4673,"stem":4674,"__hash__":4675},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2964,"toc":4634},[2965,2973,2979,2982,2999,3003,3061,3071,3076,3080,3099,3102,3119,3122,3126,3134,3151,3154,3194,3197,3204,3210,3285,3287,3319,3325,3329,3333,3372,3374,3382,3389,3393,3432,3434,3443,3453,3457,3512,3514,3522,3525,3528,3575,3577,3585,3591,3598,3603,3606,3609,3676,3678,3686,3689,3756,3758,3766,3780,3783,3794,3798,3804,3807,3809,3825,3827,3835,3838,3841,3844,3861,3864,3867,3897,3899,3912,3916,3920,3923,3938,3943,3946,3973,3980,3983,4023,4029,4035,4043,4046,4098,4105,4170,4175,4184,4187,4205,4211,4214,4356,4361,4366,4369,4380,4383,4439,4441,4449,4452,4511,4513,4521,4524,4535,4537,4544,4553,4562,4565,4572,4575,4584,4597,4599,4631],[10,2966,2968,2969,2972],{"id":2967},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[15,2970,2971],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,2974,2975,2976,2978],{},"Python’s ",[15,2977,2971],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,2980,2981],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[133,2983,2984,2987,2990],{},[136,2985,2986],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[136,2988,2989],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[136,2991,2992,1786,2995,2998],{},[15,2993,2994],{},"all([])",[15,2996,2997],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[33,3000,3002],{"id":3001},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[38,3004,3006],{"className":40,"code":3005,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3007,3008,3031,3047],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3009,3010,3013,3015,3018,3020,3022,3024,3026,3028],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3011,3012],{"class":53},"numbers ",[47,3014,58],{"class":57},[47,3016,3017],{"class":83}," [",[47,3019,2377],{"class":586},[47,3021,590],{"class":83},[47,3023,2382],{"class":586},[47,3025,590],{"class":83},[47,3027,1841],{"class":586},[47,3029,3030],{"class":83},"]\n",[47,3032,3033,3035,3037,3040,3042,3045],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,3034,75],{"class":53},[47,3036,58],{"class":57},[47,3038,3039],{"class":97}," all",[47,3041,101],{"class":83},[47,3043,3044],{"class":87},"numbers",[47,3046,107],{"class":83},[47,3048,3049,3051,3053,3055,3058],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,3050,98],{"class":97},[47,3052,101],{"class":83},[47,3054,104],{"class":87},[47,3056,3057],{"class":83},")",[47,3059,3060],{"class":113},"  # True\n",[20,3062,3063,1786,3065,3067,3068,84],{},[15,3064,2971],{},[15,3066,2997],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3069,3070],{},"False",[33,3072,128,3074,131],{"id":3073},"what-all-does",[15,3075,2971],{},[20,3077,3078,1032],{},[15,3079,2971],{},[133,3081,3082,3085,3091,3096],{},[136,3083,3084],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[136,3086,3087,3088,3090],{},"returns ",[15,3089,2997],{}," if all items are truthy",[136,3092,3087,3093,3095],{},[15,3094,3070],{}," if any item is falsy",[136,3097,3098],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3100,3101],{},"Basic syntax:",[38,3103,3105],{"className":40,"code":3104,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3106,3107],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3108,3109,3112,3114,3117],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3110,3111],{"class":97},"all",[47,3113,101],{"class":83},[47,3115,3116],{"class":87},"iterable",[47,3118,107],{"class":83},[20,3120,3121],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[33,3123,3125],{"id":3124},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3127,3128,3129,158,3131,3133],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3130,2997],{},[15,3132,3070],{}," in conditions.",[133,3135,3136,3144],{},[136,3137,3138,3141,3142],{},[121,3139,3140],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3143,2997],{},[136,3145,3146,3141,3149],{},[121,3147,3148],{},"Falsy",[15,3150,3070],{},[20,3152,3153],{},"Common falsy values include:",[133,3155,3156,3160,3165,3170,3175,3179,3184,3189],{},[136,3157,3158],{},[15,3159,1514],{},[136,3161,3162],{},[15,3163,3164],{},"0.0",[136,3166,3167],{},[15,3168,3169],{},"''",[136,3171,3172],{},[15,3173,3174],{},"None",[136,3176,3177],{},[15,3178,3070],{},[136,3180,3181],{},[15,3182,3183],{},"[]",[136,3185,3186],{},[15,3187,3188],{},"{}",[136,3190,3191],{},[15,3192,3193],{},"set()",[20,3195,3196],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3198,3199,3200,84],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[154,3201,3203],{"href":3202},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3205,3206,3207,1032],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3208,3209],{},"bool()",[38,3211,3213],{"className":40,"code":3212,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3214,3215,3251,3255],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3216,3217,3220,3222,3224,3226,3228,3231,3233,3236,3238,3240,3242,3244,3246,3249],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3218,3219],{"class":53},"values ",[47,3221,58],{"class":57},[47,3223,3017],{"class":83},[47,3225,2377],{"class":586},[47,3227,590],{"class":83},[47,3229,3230],{"class":586}," 0",[47,3232,590],{"class":83},[47,3234,3235],{"class":61}," ''",[47,3237,590],{"class":83},[47,3239,2688],{"class":61},[47,3241,256],{"class":65},[47,3243,2693],{"class":61},[47,3245,590],{"class":83},[47,3247,3248],{"class":1271}," None",[47,3250,3030],{"class":83},[47,3252,3253],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,3254,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,3256,3257,3259,3261,3264,3266,3268,3270,3273,3276,3279,3282],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,3258,98],{"class":97},[47,3260,2374],{"class":83},[47,3262,3263],{"class":919},"bool",[47,3265,101],{"class":83},[47,3267,1567],{"class":87},[47,3269,3057],{"class":83},[47,3271,3272],{"class":655}," for",[47,3274,3275],{"class":87}," x ",[47,3277,3278],{"class":655},"in",[47,3280,3281],{"class":87}," values",[47,3283,3284],{"class":83},"])\n",[20,3286,338],{},[38,3288,3290],{"className":40,"code":3289,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,3291,3292],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3293,3294,3297,3299,3301,3304,3306,3308,3310,3313,3315,3317],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3295,3296],{"class":83},"[",[47,3298,2997],{"class":1271},[47,3300,590],{"class":83},[47,3302,3303],{"class":1271}," False",[47,3305,590],{"class":83},[47,3307,3303],{"class":1271},[47,3309,590],{"class":83},[47,3311,3312],{"class":1271}," True",[47,3314,590],{"class":83},[47,3316,3303],{"class":1271},[47,3318,3030],{"class":83},[20,3320,3321,3322,3324],{},"This matters because ",[15,3323,2971],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[33,3326,3328],{"id":3327},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[724,3330,3332],{"id":3331},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[38,3334,3336],{"className":40,"code":3335,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3337,3338,3358],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3339,3340,3342,3344,3346,3348,3350,3352,3354,3356],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3341,3012],{"class":53},[47,3343,58],{"class":57},[47,3345,3017],{"class":83},[47,3347,2377],{"class":586},[47,3349,590],{"class":83},[47,3351,2382],{"class":586},[47,3353,590],{"class":83},[47,3355,1841],{"class":586},[47,3357,3030],{"class":83},[47,3359,3360,3362,3364,3366,3368,3370],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,3361,98],{"class":97},[47,3363,101],{"class":83},[47,3365,3111],{"class":97},[47,3367,101],{"class":83},[47,3369,3044],{"class":87},[47,3371,1419],{"class":83},[20,3373,338],{},[38,3375,3376],{"className":40,"code":1264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,3377,3378],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3379,3380],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3381,1264],{"class":1271},[20,3383,3384,3385,1786,3387,84],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,3386,2971],{},[15,3388,2997],{},[724,3390,3392],{"id":3391},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[38,3394,3396],{"className":40,"code":3395,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3397,3398,3418],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3399,3400,3402,3404,3406,3408,3410,3412,3414,3416],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3401,3012],{"class":53},[47,3403,58],{"class":57},[47,3405,3017],{"class":83},[47,3407,2377],{"class":586},[47,3409,590],{"class":83},[47,3411,3230],{"class":586},[47,3413,590],{"class":83},[47,3415,1841],{"class":586},[47,3417,3030],{"class":83},[47,3419,3420,3422,3424,3426,3428,3430],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,3421,98],{"class":97},[47,3423,101],{"class":83},[47,3425,3111],{"class":97},[47,3427,101],{"class":83},[47,3429,3044],{"class":87},[47,3431,1419],{"class":83},[20,3433,338],{},[38,3435,3437],{"className":40,"code":3436,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"False\n",[15,3438,3439],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3440,3441],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3442,3436],{"class":1271},[20,3444,3445,3446,3448,3449,1786,3451,84],{},"The value ",[15,3447,1514],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,3450,2971],{},[15,3452,3070],{},[724,3454,3456],{"id":3455},"example-strings","Example: strings",[38,3458,3460],{"className":40,"code":3459,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3461,3462,3497],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3463,3464,3467,3469,3471,3473,3476,3478,3480,3482,3484,3486,3488,3490,3493,3495],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3465,3466],{"class":53},"words ",[47,3468,58],{"class":57},[47,3470,3017],{"class":83},[47,3472,2693],{"class":61},[47,3474,3475],{"class":65},"apple",[47,3477,2693],{"class":61},[47,3479,590],{"class":83},[47,3481,2688],{"class":61},[47,3483,288],{"class":65},[47,3485,2693],{"class":61},[47,3487,590],{"class":83},[47,3489,2688],{"class":61},[47,3491,3492],{"class":65},"cherry",[47,3494,2693],{"class":61},[47,3496,3030],{"class":83},[47,3498,3499,3501,3503,3505,3507,3510],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,3500,98],{"class":97},[47,3502,101],{"class":83},[47,3504,3111],{"class":97},[47,3506,101],{"class":83},[47,3508,3509],{"class":87},"words",[47,3511,1419],{"class":83},[20,3513,338],{},[38,3515,3516],{"className":40,"code":1264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,3517,3518],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3519,3520],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3521,1264],{"class":1271},[20,3523,3524],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,3526,3527],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[38,3529,3531],{"className":40,"code":3530,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3532,3533,3561],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3534,3535,3537,3539,3541,3543,3545,3547,3549,3551,3553,3555,3557,3559],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3536,3466],{"class":53},[47,3538,58],{"class":57},[47,3540,3017],{"class":83},[47,3542,2693],{"class":61},[47,3544,3475],{"class":65},[47,3546,2693],{"class":61},[47,3548,590],{"class":83},[47,3550,3235],{"class":61},[47,3552,590],{"class":83},[47,3554,2688],{"class":61},[47,3556,3492],{"class":65},[47,3558,2693],{"class":61},[47,3560,3030],{"class":83},[47,3562,3563,3565,3567,3569,3571,3573],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,3564,98],{"class":97},[47,3566,101],{"class":83},[47,3568,3111],{"class":97},[47,3570,101],{"class":83},[47,3572,3509],{"class":87},[47,3574,1419],{"class":83},[20,3576,338],{},[38,3578,3579],{"className":40,"code":3436,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,3580,3581],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3582,3583],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3584,3436],{"class":1271},[20,3586,3587,3588,3590],{},"The empty string ",[15,3589,3169],{}," is falsy.",[33,3592,3594,3595,3597],{"id":3593},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,3596,2971],{}," works with conditions",[20,3599,3600,3602],{},[15,3601,2971],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,3604,3605],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,3607,3608],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[38,3610,3612],{"className":40,"code":3611,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,3613,3614,3634,3662,3666],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3615,3616,3618,3620,3622,3624,3626,3628,3630,3632],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3617,3012],{"class":53},[47,3619,58],{"class":57},[47,3621,3017],{"class":83},[47,3623,2377],{"class":586},[47,3625,590],{"class":83},[47,3627,2382],{"class":586},[47,3629,590],{"class":83},[47,3631,1841],{"class":586},[47,3633,3030],{"class":83},[47,3635,3636,3638,3640,3642,3644,3646,3649,3651,3653,3655,3657,3660],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,3637,75],{"class":53},[47,3639,58],{"class":57},[47,3641,3039],{"class":97},[47,3643,101],{"class":83},[47,3645,2415],{"class":87},[47,3647,3648],{"class":57},">",[47,3650,3230],{"class":586},[47,3652,3272],{"class":655},[47,3654,3275],{"class":87},[47,3656,3278],{"class":655},[47,3658,3659],{"class":87}," numbers",[47,3661,107],{"class":83},[47,3663,3664],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,3665,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,3667,3668,3670,3672,3674],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,3669,98],{"class":97},[47,3671,101],{"class":83},[47,3673,104],{"class":87},[47,3675,107],{"class":83},[20,3677,338],{},[38,3679,3680],{"className":40,"code":1264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,3681,3682],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3683,3684],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3685,1264],{"class":1271},[20,3687,3688],{},"Here is one that fails:",[38,3690,3692],{"className":40,"code":3691,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,3693,3694,3716,3742,3746],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3695,3696,3698,3700,3702,3704,3706,3708,3710,3712,3714],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3697,3012],{"class":53},[47,3699,58],{"class":57},[47,3701,3017],{"class":83},[47,3703,2377],{"class":586},[47,3705,590],{"class":83},[47,3707,1612],{"class":57},[47,3709,1449],{"class":586},[47,3711,590],{"class":83},[47,3713,1841],{"class":586},[47,3715,3030],{"class":83},[47,3717,3718,3720,3722,3724,3726,3728,3730,3732,3734,3736,3738,3740],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,3719,75],{"class":53},[47,3721,58],{"class":57},[47,3723,3039],{"class":97},[47,3725,101],{"class":83},[47,3727,2415],{"class":87},[47,3729,3648],{"class":57},[47,3731,3230],{"class":586},[47,3733,3272],{"class":655},[47,3735,3275],{"class":87},[47,3737,3278],{"class":655},[47,3739,3659],{"class":87},[47,3741,107],{"class":83},[47,3743,3744],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,3745,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,3747,3748,3750,3752,3754],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,3749,98],{"class":97},[47,3751,101],{"class":83},[47,3753,104],{"class":87},[47,3755,107],{"class":83},[20,3757,338],{},[38,3759,3760],{"className":40,"code":3436,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,3761,3762],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3763,3764],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3765,3436],{"class":1271},[20,3767,3768,3769,3772,3773,3775,3776,1786,3778,84],{},"The expression ",[15,3770,3771],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,3774,2997],{},", then ",[15,3777,2971],{},[15,3779,2997],{},[20,3781,3782],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,3784,3785,3786,1063,3790,84],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[154,3787,3789],{"href":3788},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[154,3791,3793],{"href":3792},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[33,3795,3797],{"id":3796},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,3799,3800,1786,3802,84],{},[15,3801,2994],{},[15,3803,2997],{},[20,3805,3806],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,3808,538],{},[38,3810,3812],{"className":40,"code":3811,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(all([]))\n",[15,3813,3814],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3815,3816,3818,3820,3822],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3817,98],{"class":97},[47,3819,101],{"class":83},[47,3821,3111],{"class":97},[47,3823,3824],{"class":83},"([]))\n",[20,3826,338],{},[38,3828,3829],{"className":40,"code":1264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,3830,3831],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3832,3833],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3834,1264],{"class":1271},[20,3836,3837],{},"Why?",[20,3839,3840],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,3842,3843],{},"Think of it this way:",[133,3845,3846,3853,3856],{},[136,3847,3848,1786,3850,3852],{},[15,3849,2971],{},[15,3851,3070],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[136,3854,3855],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[136,3857,3858,3859],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,3860,3070],{},[20,3862,3863],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,3865,3866],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[38,3868,3870],{"className":40,"code":3869,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,3871,3872,3883],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3873,3874,3876,3878,3880],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3875,98],{"class":97},[47,3877,101],{"class":83},[47,3879,3111],{"class":97},[47,3881,3882],{"class":83},"(()))\n",[47,3884,3885,3887,3889,3891,3893,3895],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,3886,98],{"class":97},[47,3888,101],{"class":83},[47,3890,3111],{"class":97},[47,3892,101],{"class":83},[47,3894,3169],{"class":61},[47,3896,1419],{"class":83},[20,3898,338],{},[38,3900,3902],{"className":40,"code":3901,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nTrue\n",[15,3903,3904,3908],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3905,3906],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3907,1264],{"class":1271},[47,3909,3910],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,3911,1264],{"class":1271},[33,3913,3915],{"id":3914},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[724,3917,3919],{"id":3918},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,3921,3922],{},"This is wrong:",[38,3924,3926],{"className":40,"code":3925,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,3927,3928,3933],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3929,3930],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3931,3932],{"class":113},"# Wrong\n",[47,3934,3935],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,3936,3937],{"class":113},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,3939,3940,3942],{},[15,3941,2971],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,3944,3945],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[38,3947,3949],{"className":40,"code":3948,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3950,3951],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3952,3953,3955,3957,3959,3961,3963,3965,3967,3969,3971],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3954,98],{"class":97},[47,3956,101],{"class":83},[47,3958,3111],{"class":97},[47,3960,2374],{"class":83},[47,3962,2377],{"class":586},[47,3964,590],{"class":83},[47,3966,2382],{"class":586},[47,3968,590],{"class":83},[47,3970,1841],{"class":586},[47,3972,2389],{"class":83},[724,3974,3976,3977,3979],{"id":3975},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,3978,2971],{}," compares values automatically",[20,3981,3982],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[38,3984,3986],{"className":40,"code":3985,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3987,3988,4009],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3989,3990,3992,3994,3996,3998,4000,4003,4005,4007],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3991,3012],{"class":53},[47,3993,58],{"class":57},[47,3995,3017],{"class":83},[47,3997,1531],{"class":586},[47,3999,590],{"class":83},[47,4001,4002],{"class":586}," 5",[47,4004,590],{"class":83},[47,4006,4002],{"class":586},[47,4008,3030],{"class":83},[47,4010,4011,4013,4015,4017,4019,4021],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,4012,98],{"class":97},[47,4014,101],{"class":83},[47,4016,3111],{"class":97},[47,4018,101],{"class":83},[47,4020,3044],{"class":87},[47,4022,1419],{"class":83},[20,4024,4025,4026,4028],{},"This does ",[121,4027,123],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4030,4031,4032,4034],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4033,1531],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[38,4036,4037],{"className":40,"code":1264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,4038,4039],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4040,4041],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4042,1264],{"class":1271},[20,4044,4045],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[38,4047,4049],{"className":40,"code":4048,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4050,4051,4071],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4052,4053,4055,4057,4059,4061,4063,4065,4067,4069],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4054,3012],{"class":53},[47,4056,58],{"class":57},[47,4058,3017],{"class":83},[47,4060,1531],{"class":586},[47,4062,590],{"class":83},[47,4064,4002],{"class":586},[47,4066,590],{"class":83},[47,4068,4002],{"class":586},[47,4070,3030],{"class":83},[47,4072,4073,4075,4077,4079,4081,4083,4086,4088,4090,4092,4094,4096],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,4074,98],{"class":97},[47,4076,101],{"class":83},[47,4078,3111],{"class":97},[47,4080,101],{"class":83},[47,4082,2415],{"class":87},[47,4084,4085],{"class":57},"==",[47,4087,4002],{"class":586},[47,4089,3272],{"class":655},[47,4091,3275],{"class":87},[47,4093,3278],{"class":655},[47,4095,3659],{"class":87},[47,4097,1419],{"class":83},[724,4099,4101,4102,4104],{"id":4100},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4103,1514],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[38,4106,4108],{"className":40,"code":4107,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4109,4110,4136],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4111,4112,4114,4116,4118,4120,4122,4124,4126,4128,4130,4133],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4113,98],{"class":97},[47,4115,101],{"class":83},[47,4117,3111],{"class":97},[47,4119,2374],{"class":83},[47,4121,2377],{"class":586},[47,4123,590],{"class":83},[47,4125,2382],{"class":586},[47,4127,590],{"class":83},[47,4129,3230],{"class":586},[47,4131,4132],{"class":83},"]))",[47,4134,4135],{"class":113},"       # False\n",[47,4137,4138,4140,4142,4144,4146,4148,4150,4152,4154,4156,4159,4161,4163,4165,4167],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,4139,98],{"class":97},[47,4141,101],{"class":83},[47,4143,3111],{"class":97},[47,4145,2374],{"class":83},[47,4147,2693],{"class":61},[47,4149,154],{"class":65},[47,4151,2693],{"class":61},[47,4153,590],{"class":83},[47,4155,2688],{"class":61},[47,4157,4158],{"class":65},"b",[47,4160,2693],{"class":61},[47,4162,590],{"class":83},[47,4164,3235],{"class":61},[47,4166,4132],{"class":83},[47,4168,4169],{"class":113},"  # False\n",[20,4171,4172,4173,84],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4174,3070],{},[724,4176,4178,4179,4181,4182],{"id":4177},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4180,2994],{}," is ",[15,4183,2997],{},[20,4185,4186],{},"This is expected behavior:",[38,4188,4190],{"className":40,"code":4189,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4191,4192],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4193,4194,4196,4198,4200,4203],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4195,98],{"class":97},[47,4197,101],{"class":83},[47,4199,3111],{"class":97},[47,4201,4202],{"class":83},"([]))",[47,4204,3060],{"class":113},[20,4206,4207,4208,4210],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4209,2997],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4212,4213],{},"Useful quick tests:",[38,4215,4217],{"className":40,"code":4216,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4218,4219,4241,4263,4310,4346],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4220,4221,4223,4225,4227,4229,4231,4233,4235,4237,4239],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4222,98],{"class":97},[47,4224,101],{"class":83},[47,4226,3111],{"class":97},[47,4228,2374],{"class":83},[47,4230,2377],{"class":586},[47,4232,590],{"class":83},[47,4234,2382],{"class":586},[47,4236,590],{"class":83},[47,4238,1841],{"class":586},[47,4240,2389],{"class":83},[47,4242,4243,4245,4247,4249,4251,4253,4255,4257,4259,4261],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,4244,98],{"class":97},[47,4246,101],{"class":83},[47,4248,3111],{"class":97},[47,4250,2374],{"class":83},[47,4252,2377],{"class":586},[47,4254,590],{"class":83},[47,4256,3230],{"class":586},[47,4258,590],{"class":83},[47,4260,1841],{"class":586},[47,4262,2389],{"class":83},[47,4264,4265,4267,4269,4271,4273,4275,4277,4279,4281,4283,4285,4287,4289,4291,4293,4295,4297,4299,4301,4303,4305,4307],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,4266,98],{"class":97},[47,4268,2374],{"class":83},[47,4270,3263],{"class":919},[47,4272,101],{"class":83},[47,4274,1567],{"class":87},[47,4276,3057],{"class":83},[47,4278,3272],{"class":655},[47,4280,3275],{"class":87},[47,4282,3278],{"class":655},[47,4284,3017],{"class":83},[47,4286,2377],{"class":586},[47,4288,590],{"class":83},[47,4290,3230],{"class":586},[47,4292,590],{"class":83},[47,4294,3235],{"class":61},[47,4296,590],{"class":83},[47,4298,2688],{"class":61},[47,4300,256],{"class":65},[47,4302,2693],{"class":61},[47,4304,590],{"class":83},[47,4306,3248],{"class":1271},[47,4308,4309],{"class":83},"]])\n",[47,4311,4312,4314,4316,4318,4320,4322,4324,4326,4328,4330,4332,4334,4336,4338,4340,4342,4344],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,4313,98],{"class":97},[47,4315,101],{"class":83},[47,4317,3111],{"class":97},[47,4319,101],{"class":83},[47,4321,2415],{"class":87},[47,4323,3648],{"class":57},[47,4325,3230],{"class":586},[47,4327,3272],{"class":655},[47,4329,3275],{"class":87},[47,4331,3278],{"class":655},[47,4333,3017],{"class":83},[47,4335,2377],{"class":586},[47,4337,590],{"class":83},[47,4339,2382],{"class":586},[47,4341,590],{"class":83},[47,4343,1841],{"class":586},[47,4345,2389],{"class":83},[47,4347,4348,4350,4352,4354],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,4349,98],{"class":97},[47,4351,101],{"class":83},[47,4353,3111],{"class":97},[47,4355,3824],{"class":83},[33,4357,603,4359],{"id":4358},"when-to-use-all",[15,4360,2971],{},[20,4362,4363,4365],{},[15,4364,2971],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,4367,4368],{},"Common use cases:",[133,4370,4371,4374,4377],{},[136,4372,4373],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[136,4375,4376],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[136,4378,4379],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,4381,4382],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[38,4384,4386],{"className":40,"code":4385,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,4387,4388,4424],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4389,4390,4393,4395,4397,4399,4402,4404,4406,4408,4411,4413,4415,4417,4420,4422],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4391,4392],{"class":53},"names ",[47,4394,58],{"class":57},[47,4396,3017],{"class":83},[47,4398,2693],{"class":61},[47,4400,4401],{"class":65},"Alice",[47,4403,2693],{"class":61},[47,4405,590],{"class":83},[47,4407,2688],{"class":61},[47,4409,4410],{"class":65},"Bob",[47,4412,2693],{"class":61},[47,4414,590],{"class":83},[47,4416,2688],{"class":61},[47,4418,4419],{"class":65},"Charlie",[47,4421,2693],{"class":61},[47,4423,3030],{"class":83},[47,4425,4426,4428,4430,4432,4434,4437],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,4427,98],{"class":97},[47,4429,101],{"class":83},[47,4431,3111],{"class":97},[47,4433,101],{"class":83},[47,4435,4436],{"class":87},"names",[47,4438,1419],{"class":83},[20,4440,338],{},[38,4442,4443],{"className":40,"code":1264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,4444,4445],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4446,4447],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4448,1264],{"class":1271},[20,4450,4451],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[38,4453,4455],{"className":40,"code":4454,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,4456,4457,4481],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4458,4459,4462,4464,4466,4469,4471,4474,4476,4479],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4460,4461],{"class":53},"scores ",[47,4463,58],{"class":57},[47,4465,3017],{"class":83},[47,4467,4468],{"class":586},"75",[47,4470,590],{"class":83},[47,4472,4473],{"class":586}," 80",[47,4475,590],{"class":83},[47,4477,4478],{"class":586}," 50",[47,4480,3030],{"class":83},[47,4482,4483,4485,4487,4489,4491,4494,4497,4499,4501,4504,4506,4509],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,4484,98],{"class":97},[47,4486,101],{"class":83},[47,4488,3111],{"class":97},[47,4490,101],{"class":83},[47,4492,4493],{"class":87},"score ",[47,4495,4496],{"class":57},">=",[47,4498,4478],{"class":586},[47,4500,3272],{"class":655},[47,4502,4503],{"class":87}," score ",[47,4505,3278],{"class":655},[47,4507,4508],{"class":87}," scores",[47,4510,1419],{"class":83},[20,4512,338],{},[38,4514,4515],{"className":40,"code":1264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,4516,4517],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4518,4519],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4520,1264],{"class":1271},[20,4522,4523],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,4525,4526,4527,1063,4531,84],{},"For related tasks, see ",[154,4528,4530],{"href":4529},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[154,4532,4534],{"href":4533},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[33,4536,1155],{"id":1154},[724,4538,4540,4541,4543],{"id":4539},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,4542,2971],{}," return in Python?",[20,4545,4546,4547,4549,4550,4552],{},"It returns ",[15,4548,2997],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,4551,3070],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[724,4554,4556,4557,4559,4560,1883],{"id":4555},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,4558,2994],{}," return ",[15,4561,2997],{},[20,4563,4564],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[724,4566,4568,4569,4571],{"id":4567},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[15,4570,2971],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,4573,4574],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[724,4576,4578,4579,1063,4581,1883],{"id":4577},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[15,4580,2971],{},[15,4582,4583],{},"any()",[20,4585,4586,4588,4589,4591,4592,84],{},[15,4587,2971],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,4590,4583],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[154,4593,2968,4595,2901],{"href":4594},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,4596,4583],{},[33,4598,1275],{"id":1274},[133,4600,4601,4607,4611,4616,4621,4626],{},[136,4602,4603],{},[154,4604,2968,4605,2901],{"href":4594},[15,4606,4583],{},[136,4608,4609],{},[154,4610,3203],{"href":3202},[136,4612,4613],{},[154,4614,4615],{"href":4533},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[136,4617,4618],{},[154,4619,4620],{"href":4529},"How to filter a list in Python",[136,4622,4623],{},[154,4624,4625],{"href":3788},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[136,4627,4628],{},[154,4629,4630],{"href":3792},"What is an iterable in Python",[1320,4632,4633],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":4635},[4636,4637,4639,4640,4645,4647,4648,4657,4659,4669],{"id":3001,"depth":72,"text":3002},{"id":3073,"depth":72,"text":4638},"What all() does",{"id":3124,"depth":72,"text":3125},{"id":3327,"depth":72,"text":3328,"children":4641},[4642,4643,4644],{"id":3331,"depth":94,"text":3332},{"id":3391,"depth":94,"text":3392},{"id":3455,"depth":94,"text":3456},{"id":3593,"depth":72,"text":4646},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":3796,"depth":72,"text":3797},{"id":3914,"depth":72,"text":3915,"children":4649},[4650,4651,4653,4655],{"id":3918,"depth":94,"text":3919},{"id":3975,"depth":94,"text":4652},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4100,"depth":94,"text":4654},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4177,"depth":94,"text":4656},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4358,"depth":72,"text":4658},"When to use all()",{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":4660},[4661,4663,4665,4667],{"id":4539,"depth":94,"text":4662},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":4555,"depth":94,"text":4664},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":4567,"depth":94,"text":4666},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":4577,"depth":94,"text":4668},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":2962,"description":4670},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":4677,"title":4678,"body":4679,"description":6368,"extension":1354,"meta":6369,"navigation":311,"path":4594,"seo":6370,"stem":6371,"__hash__":6372},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":4680,"toc":6346},[4681,4684,4692,4695,4712,4720,4764,4773,4777,4782,4785,4802,4805,4816,4828,4832,4835,4850,4855,4858,4870,4873,4958,4961,4982,4988,4990,4998,5012,5014,5048,5050,5053,5114,5116,5133,5136,5163,5165,5173,5185,5189,5192,5231,5233,5241,5243,5259,5267,5270,5313,5315,5323,5328,5332,5340,5343,5370,5373,5376,5449,5451,5459,5466,5490,5501,5504,5582,5584,5592,5599,5603,5608,5623,5625,5633,5636,5642,5645,5691,5693,5710,5714,5719,5730,5733,5846,5849,5908,5914,5916,5921,5925,5927,5946,5952,5955,5974,5978,5987,6014,6016,6024,6032,6036,6042,6065,6067,6075,6082,6086,6089,6140,6143,6194,6197,6199,6203,6210,6214,6221,6225,6233,6237,6240,6262,6264,6314,6316,6343],[10,4682,4678],{"id":4683},"python-any-function-explained",[20,4685,4686,4688,4689,84],{},[15,4687,4583],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[121,4690,4691],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,4693,4694],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[133,4696,4697,4700,4703,4706,4709],{},[136,4698,4699],{},"lists",[136,4701,4702],{},"tuples",[136,4704,4705],{},"sets",[136,4707,4708],{},"strings",[136,4710,4711],{},"generator expressions",[20,4713,4714,4715,158,4717,4719],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,4716,2997],{},[15,4718,3070],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[38,4721,4723],{"className":40,"code":4722,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,4724,4725,4745],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4726,4727,4729,4731,4733,4735,4737,4739,4741,4743],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4728,3219],{"class":53},[47,4730,58],{"class":57},[47,4732,3017],{"class":83},[47,4734,1514],{"class":586},[47,4736,590],{"class":83},[47,4738,3235],{"class":61},[47,4740,590],{"class":83},[47,4742,4002],{"class":586},[47,4744,3030],{"class":83},[47,4746,4747,4749,4751,4754,4756,4759,4762],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,4748,98],{"class":97},[47,4750,101],{"class":83},[47,4752,4753],{"class":97},"any",[47,4755,101],{"class":83},[47,4757,4758],{"class":87},"values",[47,4760,4761],{"class":83},"))",[47,4763,3060],{"class":113},[20,4765,1486,4766,4769,4770,4772],{},[15,4767,4768],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,4771,2997],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[33,4774,4776],{"id":4775},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,4778,4779,4781],{},[15,4780,4583],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,4783,4784],{},"It returns:",[133,4786,4787,4792,4797],{},[136,4788,4789,4791],{},[15,4790,2997],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[136,4793,4794,4796],{},[15,4795,3070],{}," if all items are falsy",[136,4798,4799,4801],{},[15,4800,3070],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,4803,4804],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[133,4806,4807,4810,4813],{},[136,4808,4809],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[136,4811,4812],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[136,4814,4815],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,4817,4818,4819,4822,4823,84],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[121,4820,4821],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[154,4824,4826],{"href":4825},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,4827,2971],{},[33,4829,4831],{"id":4830},"syntax","Syntax",[20,4833,4834],{},"The syntax is simple:",[38,4836,4838],{"className":40,"code":4837,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"any(iterable)\n",[15,4839,4840],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4841,4842,4844,4846,4848],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4843,4753],{"class":97},[47,4845,101],{"class":83},[47,4847,3116],{"class":87},[47,4849,107],{"class":83},[20,4851,4852,4853,84],{},"The argument must be an ",[121,4854,3116],{},[20,4856,4857],{},"Common inputs include:",[133,4859,4860,4862,4864,4866,4868],{},[136,4861,4699],{},[136,4863,4702],{},[136,4865,4705],{},[136,4867,4708],{},[136,4869,4711],{},[20,4871,4872],{},"For example:",[38,4874,4876],{"className":40,"code":4875,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,4877,4878,4901,4920,4940],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4879,4880,4882,4884,4886,4888,4890,4892,4894,4896,4899],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4881,98],{"class":97},[47,4883,101],{"class":83},[47,4885,4753],{"class":97},[47,4887,2374],{"class":83},[47,4889,1514],{"class":586},[47,4891,590],{"class":83},[47,4893,3230],{"class":586},[47,4895,590],{"class":83},[47,4897,4898],{"class":586}," 1",[47,4900,2389],{"class":83},[47,4902,4903,4905,4907,4909,4912,4914,4916,4918],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,4904,98],{"class":97},[47,4906,101],{"class":83},[47,4908,4753],{"class":97},[47,4910,4911],{"class":83},"((",[47,4913,3070],{"class":1271},[47,4915,590],{"class":83},[47,4917,3303],{"class":1271},[47,4919,2300],{"class":83},[47,4921,4922,4924,4926,4928,4931,4933,4935,4937],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,4923,98],{"class":97},[47,4925,101],{"class":83},[47,4927,4753],{"class":97},[47,4929,4930],{"class":83},"({",[47,4932,1514],{"class":586},[47,4934,590],{"class":83},[47,4936,2382],{"class":586},[47,4938,4939],{"class":83},"}))\n",[47,4941,4942,4944,4946,4948,4950,4952,4954,4956],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,4943,98],{"class":97},[47,4945,101],{"class":83},[47,4947,4753],{"class":97},[47,4949,101],{"class":83},[47,4951,253],{"class":61},[47,4953,256],{"class":65},[47,4955,253],{"class":61},[47,4957,1419],{"class":83},[20,4959,4960],{},"Expected output:",[38,4962,4964],{"className":40,"code":4963,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,4965,4966,4970,4974,4978],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4967,4968],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4969,1264],{"class":1271},[47,4971,4972],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,4973,3436],{"class":1271},[47,4975,4976],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,4977,1264],{"class":1271},[47,4979,4980],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,4981,1264],{"class":1271},[20,4983,4984,4985,84],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[154,4986,4534],{"href":4987},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[33,4989,3125],{"id":3124},[20,4991,3128,4992,158,4995,3133],{},[121,4993,4994],{},"truthy",[121,4996,4997],{},"falsy",[133,4999,5000,5006],{},[136,5001,5002,3141,5004],{},[121,5003,3140],{},[15,5005,2997],{},[136,5007,5008,3141,5010],{},[121,5009,3148],{},[15,5011,3070],{},[20,5013,3153],{},[133,5015,5016,5020,5024,5028,5032,5036,5040,5044],{},[136,5017,5018],{},[15,5019,3070],{},[136,5021,5022],{},[15,5023,1514],{},[136,5025,5026],{},[15,5027,3164],{},[136,5029,5030],{},[15,5031,3169],{},[136,5033,5034],{},[15,5035,3183],{},[136,5037,5038],{},[15,5039,3188],{},[136,5041,5042],{},[15,5043,3193],{},[136,5045,5046],{},[15,5047,3174],{},[20,5049,3196],{},[20,5051,5052],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[38,5054,5056],{"className":40,"code":5055,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5057,5058,5072,5090],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5059,5060,5062,5064,5066,5068,5070],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5061,98],{"class":97},[47,5063,101],{"class":83},[47,5065,4753],{"class":97},[47,5067,2374],{"class":83},[47,5069,2377],{"class":586},[47,5071,2389],{"class":83},[47,5073,5074,5076,5078,5080,5082,5084,5086,5088],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,5075,98],{"class":97},[47,5077,101],{"class":83},[47,5079,4753],{"class":97},[47,5081,2374],{"class":83},[47,5083,2693],{"class":61},[47,5085,256],{"class":65},[47,5087,2693],{"class":61},[47,5089,2389],{"class":83},[47,5091,5092,5094,5096,5098,5101,5103,5105,5107,5109,5111],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,5093,98],{"class":97},[47,5095,101],{"class":83},[47,5097,4753],{"class":97},[47,5099,5100],{"class":83},"([[",[47,5102,2377],{"class":586},[47,5104,590],{"class":83},[47,5106,2382],{"class":586},[47,5108,590],{"class":83},[47,5110,1841],{"class":586},[47,5112,5113],{"class":83},"]]))\n",[20,5115,4960],{},[38,5117,5119],{"className":40,"code":5118,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5120,5121,5125,5129],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5122,5123],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5124,1264],{"class":1271},[47,5126,5127],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,5128,1264],{"class":1271},[47,5130,5131],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,5132,1264],{"class":1271},[20,5134,5135],{},"And these are all falsy:",[38,5137,5139],{"className":40,"code":5138,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5140,5141],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5142,5143,5145,5147,5149,5151,5153,5155,5157,5159,5161],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5144,98],{"class":97},[47,5146,101],{"class":83},[47,5148,4753],{"class":97},[47,5150,2374],{"class":83},[47,5152,1514],{"class":586},[47,5154,590],{"class":83},[47,5156,3235],{"class":61},[47,5158,590],{"class":83},[47,5160,3248],{"class":1271},[47,5162,2389],{"class":83},[20,5164,4960],{},[38,5166,5167],{"className":40,"code":3436,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,5168,5169],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5170,5171],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5172,3436],{"class":1271},[20,5174,5175,5176,1063,5179,84],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[154,5177,3203],{"href":5178},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[154,5180,5182,5184],{"href":5181},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5183,3209],{}," explained",[33,5186,5188],{"id":5187},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5190,5191],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[38,5193,5195],{"className":40,"code":5194,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5196,5197,5217],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5198,5199,5201,5203,5205,5207,5209,5211,5213,5215],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5200,3219],{"class":53},[47,5202,58],{"class":57},[47,5204,3017],{"class":83},[47,5206,1514],{"class":586},[47,5208,590],{"class":83},[47,5210,3235],{"class":61},[47,5212,590],{"class":83},[47,5214,4002],{"class":586},[47,5216,3030],{"class":83},[47,5218,5219,5221,5223,5225,5227,5229],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,5220,98],{"class":97},[47,5222,101],{"class":83},[47,5224,4753],{"class":97},[47,5226,101],{"class":83},[47,5228,4758],{"class":87},[47,5230,1419],{"class":83},[20,5232,338],{},[38,5234,5235],{"className":40,"code":1264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,5236,5237],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5238,5239],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5240,1264],{"class":1271},[20,5242,3837],{},[133,5244,5245,5250,5254],{},[136,5246,5247,5249],{},[15,5248,1514],{}," is falsy",[136,5251,5252,5249],{},[15,5253,3169],{},[136,5255,5256,5258],{},[15,5257,1531],{}," is truthy",[20,5260,5261,5262,1786,5265,84],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5263,5264],{},"any(values)",[15,5266,2997],{},[20,5268,5269],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[38,5271,5273],{"className":40,"code":5272,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5274,5275,5299],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5276,5277,5279,5281,5283,5285,5287,5289,5291,5293,5295,5297],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5278,3219],{"class":53},[47,5280,58],{"class":57},[47,5282,3017],{"class":83},[47,5284,1514],{"class":586},[47,5286,590],{"class":83},[47,5288,3235],{"class":61},[47,5290,590],{"class":83},[47,5292,3248],{"class":1271},[47,5294,590],{"class":83},[47,5296,3303],{"class":1271},[47,5298,3030],{"class":83},[47,5300,5301,5303,5305,5307,5309,5311],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,5302,98],{"class":97},[47,5304,101],{"class":83},[47,5306,4753],{"class":97},[47,5308,101],{"class":83},[47,5310,4758],{"class":87},[47,5312,1419],{"class":83},[20,5314,338],{},[38,5316,5317],{"className":40,"code":3436,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,5318,5319],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5320,5321],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5322,3436],{"class":1271},[20,5324,5325,5326,84],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,5327,3070],{},[33,5329,5331],{"id":5330},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,5333,5334,5336,5337,84],{},[15,5335,4583],{}," is often used with a ",[121,5338,5339],{},"generator expression",[20,5341,5342],{},"This is a common pattern:",[38,5344,5346],{"className":40,"code":5345,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,5347,5348],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5349,5350,5352,5354,5357,5360,5363,5365,5368],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5351,4753],{"class":97},[47,5353,101],{"class":83},[47,5355,5356],{"class":87},"condition ",[47,5358,5359],{"class":655},"for",[47,5361,5362],{"class":87}," item ",[47,5364,3278],{"class":655},[47,5366,5367],{"class":87}," items",[47,5369,107],{"class":83},[20,5371,5372],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,5374,5375],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[38,5377,5379],{"className":40,"code":5378,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,5380,5381,5408,5412,5439],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5382,5383,5385,5387,5389,5391,5393,5395,5397,5399,5401,5403,5406],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5384,3012],{"class":53},[47,5386,58],{"class":57},[47,5388,3017],{"class":83},[47,5390,1896],{"class":586},[47,5392,590],{"class":83},[47,5394,587],{"class":586},[47,5396,590],{"class":83},[47,5398,1612],{"class":57},[47,5400,1449],{"class":586},[47,5402,590],{"class":83},[47,5404,5405],{"class":586}," 10",[47,5407,3030],{"class":83},[47,5409,5410],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,5411,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,5413,5414,5416,5418,5421,5423,5425,5427,5429,5431,5433,5435,5437],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,5415,75],{"class":53},[47,5417,58],{"class":57},[47,5419,5420],{"class":97}," any",[47,5422,101],{"class":83},[47,5424,2415],{"class":87},[47,5426,2682],{"class":57},[47,5428,3230],{"class":586},[47,5430,3272],{"class":655},[47,5432,3275],{"class":87},[47,5434,3278],{"class":655},[47,5436,3659],{"class":87},[47,5438,107],{"class":83},[47,5440,5441,5443,5445,5447],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,5442,98],{"class":97},[47,5444,101],{"class":83},[47,5446,104],{"class":87},[47,5448,107],{"class":83},[20,5450,338],{},[38,5452,5453],{"className":40,"code":1264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,5454,5455],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5456,5457],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5458,1264],{"class":1271},[20,5460,5461,5462,5465],{},"This works because ",[15,5463,5464],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[133,5467,5468,5476,5483],{},[136,5469,5470,5473,5474],{},[15,5471,5472],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,5475,3070],{},[136,5477,5478,5473,5481],{},[15,5479,5480],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,5482,3070],{},[136,5484,5485,5473,5488],{},[15,5486,5487],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,5489,2997],{},[20,5491,5492,5493,5495,5496,5498,5499,84],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,5494,2997],{}," result, ",[15,5497,4583],{}," can return ",[15,5500,2997],{},[20,5502,5503],{},"Here is another example:",[38,5505,5507],{"className":40,"code":5506,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,5508,5509,5538,5542,5571],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5510,5511,5513,5515,5517,5519,5521,5523,5525,5528,5530,5532,5534,5536],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5512,3466],{"class":53},[47,5514,58],{"class":57},[47,5516,3017],{"class":83},[47,5518,253],{"class":61},[47,5520,3475],{"class":65},[47,5522,253],{"class":61},[47,5524,590],{"class":83},[47,5526,5527],{"class":61}," \"\"",[47,5529,590],{"class":83},[47,5531,62],{"class":61},[47,5533,288],{"class":65},[47,5535,253],{"class":61},[47,5537,3030],{"class":83},[47,5539,5540],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,5541,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,5543,5544,5547,5549,5551,5553,5555,5557,5559,5561,5564,5566,5569],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,5545,5546],{"class":53},"has_empty_string ",[47,5548,58],{"class":57},[47,5550,5420],{"class":97},[47,5552,101],{"class":83},[47,5554,281],{"class":87},[47,5556,4085],{"class":57},[47,5558,5527],{"class":61},[47,5560,3272],{"class":655},[47,5562,5563],{"class":87}," word ",[47,5565,3278],{"class":655},[47,5567,5568],{"class":87}," words",[47,5570,107],{"class":83},[47,5572,5573,5575,5577,5580],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,5574,98],{"class":97},[47,5576,101],{"class":83},[47,5578,5579],{"class":87},"has_empty_string",[47,5581,107],{"class":83},[20,5583,338],{},[38,5585,5586],{"className":40,"code":1264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,5587,5588],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5589,5590],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5591,1264],{"class":1271},[20,5593,5594,5595,84],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[154,5596,5598],{"href":5597},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[33,5600,5602],{"id":5601},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,5604,5605,5606,1032],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,5607,3070],{},[38,5609,5611],{"className":40,"code":5610,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([]))\n",[15,5612,5613],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5614,5615,5617,5619,5621],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5616,98],{"class":97},[47,5618,101],{"class":83},[47,5620,4753],{"class":97},[47,5622,3824],{"class":83},[20,5624,338],{},[38,5626,5627],{"className":40,"code":3436,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,5628,5629],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5630,5631],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5632,3436],{"class":1271},[20,5634,5635],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,5637,5638,5639,5641],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,5640,4583],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,5643,5644],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[38,5646,5648],{"className":40,"code":5647,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,5649,5650,5660,5675],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5651,5652,5654,5656,5658],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5653,98],{"class":97},[47,5655,101],{"class":83},[47,5657,4753],{"class":97},[47,5659,3882],{"class":83},[47,5661,5662,5664,5666,5668,5670,5673],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,5663,98],{"class":97},[47,5665,101],{"class":83},[47,5667,4753],{"class":97},[47,5669,101],{"class":83},[47,5671,5672],{"class":61},"\"\"",[47,5674,1419],{"class":83},[47,5676,5677,5679,5681,5683,5685,5688],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,5678,98],{"class":97},[47,5680,101],{"class":83},[47,5682,4753],{"class":97},[47,5684,101],{"class":83},[47,5686,5687],{"class":919},"set",[47,5689,5690],{"class":83},"()))\n",[20,5692,338],{},[38,5694,5696],{"className":40,"code":5695,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,5697,5698,5702,5706],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5699,5700],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5701,3436],{"class":1271},[47,5703,5704],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,5705,3436],{"class":1271},[47,5707,5708],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,5709,3436],{"class":1271},[33,5711,5713],{"id":5712},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,5715,1486,5716,5718],{},[15,5717,4583],{}," when you want to:",[133,5720,5721,5724,5727],{},[136,5722,5723],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[136,5725,5726],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[136,5728,5729],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,5731,5732],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[38,5734,5736],{"className":40,"code":5735,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,5737,5738,5763,5767,5777,5781,5794,5812,5823,5829,5834],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5739,5740,5742,5744,5746,5748,5750,5752,5754,5756,5758,5761],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5741,3012],{"class":53},[47,5743,58],{"class":57},[47,5745,3017],{"class":83},[47,5747,2377],{"class":586},[47,5749,590],{"class":83},[47,5751,1841],{"class":586},[47,5753,590],{"class":83},[47,5755,4002],{"class":586},[47,5757,590],{"class":83},[47,5759,5760],{"class":586}," 8",[47,5762,3030],{"class":83},[47,5764,5765],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,5766,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,5768,5769,5772,5774],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,5770,5771],{"class":53},"found_even ",[47,5773,58],{"class":57},[47,5775,5776],{"class":1271}," False\n",[47,5778,5779],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,5780,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,5782,5783,5785,5788,5790,5792],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,5784,5359],{"class":655},[47,5786,5787],{"class":53}," number ",[47,5789,3278],{"class":655},[47,5791,3659],{"class":53},[47,5793,679],{"class":83},[47,5795,5796,5799,5801,5804,5806,5808,5810],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,5797,5798],{"class":655},"    if",[47,5800,5787],{"class":53},[47,5802,5803],{"class":57},"%",[47,5805,2382],{"class":586},[47,5807,669],{"class":57},[47,5809,3230],{"class":586},[47,5811,679],{"class":83},[47,5813,5815,5818,5820],{"class":49,"line":5814},7,[47,5816,5817],{"class":53},"        found_even ",[47,5819,58],{"class":57},[47,5821,5822],{"class":1271}," True\n",[47,5824,5826],{"class":49,"line":5825},8,[47,5827,5828],{"class":655},"        break\n",[47,5830,5832],{"class":49,"line":5831},9,[47,5833,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,5835,5837,5839,5841,5844],{"class":49,"line":5836},10,[47,5838,98],{"class":97},[47,5840,101],{"class":83},[47,5842,5843],{"class":87},"found_even",[47,5845,107],{"class":83},[20,5847,5848],{},"You can write:",[38,5850,5852],{"className":40,"code":5851,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,5853,5854,5878],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5855,5856,5858,5860,5862,5864,5866,5868,5870,5872,5874,5876],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5857,3012],{"class":53},[47,5859,58],{"class":57},[47,5861,3017],{"class":83},[47,5863,2377],{"class":586},[47,5865,590],{"class":83},[47,5867,1841],{"class":586},[47,5869,590],{"class":83},[47,5871,4002],{"class":586},[47,5873,590],{"class":83},[47,5875,5760],{"class":586},[47,5877,3030],{"class":83},[47,5879,5880,5882,5884,5886,5888,5890,5892,5894,5896,5898,5900,5902,5904,5906],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,5881,98],{"class":97},[47,5883,101],{"class":83},[47,5885,4753],{"class":97},[47,5887,101],{"class":83},[47,5889,864],{"class":87},[47,5891,5803],{"class":57},[47,5893,2382],{"class":586},[47,5895,669],{"class":57},[47,5897,3230],{"class":586},[47,5899,3272],{"class":655},[47,5901,5787],{"class":87},[47,5903,3278],{"class":655},[47,5905,3659],{"class":87},[47,5907,1419],{"class":83},[20,5909,5910,5911,5913],{},"Both work, but ",[15,5912,4583],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[33,5915,3915],{"id":3914},[20,5917,5918,5919,84],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,5920,4583],{},[724,5922,5924],{"id":5923},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,5926,3922],{},[38,5928,5930],{"className":40,"code":5929,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any(5))\n",[15,5931,5932],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5933,5934,5936,5938,5940,5942,5944],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5935,98],{"class":97},[47,5937,101],{"class":83},[47,5939,4753],{"class":97},[47,5941,101],{"class":83},[47,5943,1531],{"class":586},[47,5945,1419],{"class":83},[20,5947,5948,5949,5951],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,5950,1531],{}," is not iterable.",[20,5953,5954],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[38,5956,5958],{"className":40,"code":5957,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,5959,5960],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5961,5962,5964,5966,5968,5970,5972],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5963,98],{"class":97},[47,5965,101],{"class":83},[47,5967,4753],{"class":97},[47,5969,2374],{"class":83},[47,5971,1531],{"class":586},[47,5973,2389],{"class":83},[724,5975,5977],{"id":5976},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,5979,5980,5982,5983,5986],{},[15,5981,4583],{}," needs only ",[121,5984,5985],{},"one"," truthy item.",[38,5988,5990],{"className":40,"code":5989,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,5991,5992],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5993,5994,5996,5998,6000,6002,6004,6006,6008,6010,6012],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5995,98],{"class":97},[47,5997,101],{"class":83},[47,5999,4753],{"class":97},[47,6001,2374],{"class":83},[47,6003,3070],{"class":1271},[47,6005,590],{"class":83},[47,6007,3303],{"class":1271},[47,6009,590],{"class":83},[47,6011,3312],{"class":1271},[47,6013,2389],{"class":83},[20,6015,338],{},[38,6017,6018],{"className":40,"code":1264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,6019,6020],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6021,6022],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6023,1264],{"class":1271},[20,6025,6026,6027,6031],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[154,6028,6029],{"href":4825},[15,6030,2971],{}," instead.",[724,6033,6035],{"id":6034},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6037,6038,6039,84],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6040,6041],{},"\"True\"",[38,6043,6045],{"className":40,"code":6044,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6046,6047],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6048,6049,6051,6053,6055,6057,6059,6061,6063],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6050,98],{"class":97},[47,6052,101],{"class":83},[47,6054,4753],{"class":97},[47,6056,2374],{"class":83},[47,6058,253],{"class":61},[47,6060,3070],{"class":65},[47,6062,253],{"class":61},[47,6064,2389],{"class":83},[20,6066,338],{},[38,6068,6069],{"className":40,"code":1264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,6070,6071],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6072,6073],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6074,1264],{"class":1271},[20,6076,6077,6078,6081],{},"That is because ",[15,6079,6080],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[724,6083,6085],{"id":6084},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6087,6088],{},"This works:",[38,6090,6092],{"className":40,"code":6091,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6093,6094,6114],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6095,6096,6098,6100,6102,6104,6106,6108,6110,6112],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6097,3012],{"class":53},[47,6099,58],{"class":57},[47,6101,3017],{"class":83},[47,6103,2377],{"class":586},[47,6105,590],{"class":83},[47,6107,2382],{"class":586},[47,6109,590],{"class":83},[47,6111,1841],{"class":586},[47,6113,3030],{"class":83},[47,6115,6116,6118,6120,6122,6124,6126,6128,6130,6132,6134,6136,6138],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,6117,98],{"class":97},[47,6119,101],{"class":83},[47,6121,4753],{"class":97},[47,6123,2374],{"class":83},[47,6125,2415],{"class":87},[47,6127,3648],{"class":57},[47,6129,2382],{"class":586},[47,6131,3272],{"class":655},[47,6133,3275],{"class":87},[47,6135,3278],{"class":655},[47,6137,3659],{"class":87},[47,6139,2389],{"class":83},[20,6141,6142],{},"But this is usually better:",[38,6144,6146],{"className":40,"code":6145,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6147,6148,6168],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6149,6150,6152,6154,6156,6158,6160,6162,6164,6166],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6151,3012],{"class":53},[47,6153,58],{"class":57},[47,6155,3017],{"class":83},[47,6157,2377],{"class":586},[47,6159,590],{"class":83},[47,6161,2382],{"class":586},[47,6163,590],{"class":83},[47,6165,1841],{"class":586},[47,6167,3030],{"class":83},[47,6169,6170,6172,6174,6176,6178,6180,6182,6184,6186,6188,6190,6192],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,6171,98],{"class":97},[47,6173,101],{"class":83},[47,6175,4753],{"class":97},[47,6177,101],{"class":83},[47,6179,2415],{"class":87},[47,6181,3648],{"class":57},[47,6183,2382],{"class":586},[47,6185,3272],{"class":655},[47,6187,3275],{"class":87},[47,6189,3278],{"class":655},[47,6191,3659],{"class":87},[47,6193,1419],{"class":83},[20,6195,6196],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[33,6198,1155],{"id":1154},[724,6200,6202],{"id":6201},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6204,4546,6205,6207,6208,84],{},[15,6206,2997],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6209,3070],{},[724,6211,6213],{"id":6212},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6215,6216,1786,6218,6220],{},[15,6217,4583],{},[15,6219,3070],{}," for an empty iterable.",[724,6222,6224],{"id":6223},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6226,6227,6229,6230,6232],{},[15,6228,4583],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6231,2971],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[724,6234,6236],{"id":6235},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6238,6239],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[38,6241,6242],{"className":40,"code":5345,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,6243,6244],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6245,6246,6248,6250,6252,6254,6256,6258,6260],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6247,4753],{"class":97},[47,6249,101],{"class":83},[47,6251,5356],{"class":87},[47,6253,5359],{"class":655},[47,6255,5362],{"class":87},[47,6257,3278],{"class":655},[47,6259,5367],{"class":87},[47,6261,107],{"class":83},[20,6263,4872],{},[38,6265,6266],{"className":40,"code":6145,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,6267,6268,6288],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6269,6270,6272,6274,6276,6278,6280,6282,6284,6286],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6271,3012],{"class":53},[47,6273,58],{"class":57},[47,6275,3017],{"class":83},[47,6277,2377],{"class":586},[47,6279,590],{"class":83},[47,6281,2382],{"class":586},[47,6283,590],{"class":83},[47,6285,1841],{"class":586},[47,6287,3030],{"class":83},[47,6289,6290,6292,6294,6296,6298,6300,6302,6304,6306,6308,6310,6312],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,6291,98],{"class":97},[47,6293,101],{"class":83},[47,6295,4753],{"class":97},[47,6297,101],{"class":83},[47,6299,2415],{"class":87},[47,6301,3648],{"class":57},[47,6303,2382],{"class":586},[47,6305,3272],{"class":655},[47,6307,3275],{"class":87},[47,6309,3278],{"class":655},[47,6311,3659],{"class":87},[47,6313,1419],{"class":83},[33,6315,1275],{"id":1274},[133,6317,6318,6324,6328,6332,6337],{},[136,6319,6320],{},[154,6321,6322,2901],{"href":4825},[15,6323,2971],{},[136,6325,6326],{},[154,6327,3203],{"href":5178},[136,6329,6330],{},[154,6331,4615],{"href":4987},[136,6333,6334],{},[154,6335,6336],{"href":5597},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[136,6338,6339],{},[154,6340,6341,2901],{"href":5181},[15,6342,3209],{},[1320,6344,6345],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":6347},[6348,6349,6350,6351,6352,6353,6354,6355,6361,6367],{"id":4775,"depth":72,"text":4776},{"id":4830,"depth":72,"text":4831},{"id":3124,"depth":72,"text":3125},{"id":5187,"depth":72,"text":5188},{"id":5330,"depth":72,"text":5331},{"id":5601,"depth":72,"text":5602},{"id":5712,"depth":72,"text":5713},{"id":3914,"depth":72,"text":3915,"children":6356},[6357,6358,6359,6360],{"id":5923,"depth":94,"text":5924},{"id":5976,"depth":94,"text":5977},{"id":6034,"depth":94,"text":6035},{"id":6084,"depth":94,"text":6085},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":6362},[6363,6364,6365,6366],{"id":6201,"depth":94,"text":6202},{"id":6212,"depth":94,"text":6213},{"id":6223,"depth":94,"text":6224},{"id":6235,"depth":94,"text":6236},{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":4678,"description":6368},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6374,"title":6375,"body":6376,"description":8501,"extension":1354,"meta":8502,"navigation":311,"path":8503,"seo":8504,"stem":8505,"__hash__":8506},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6377,"toc":8464},[6378,6381,6390,6399,6401,6498,6500,6529,6545,6549,6554,6557,6567,6573,6579,6594,6596,6604,6611,6615,6618,6633,6638,6656,6661,6663,6711,6713,6730,6734,6740,6743,6777,6779,6885,6887,6924,6928,6936,6938,6958,6960,7080,7082,7111,7114,7137,7139,7147,7155,7159,7165,7169,7212,7214,7222,7225,7253,7255,7263,7267,7295,7297,7305,7337,7339,7347,7351,7402,7404,7412,7420,7424,7427,7479,7481,7502,7509,7513,7518,7521,7529,7551,7553,7561,7569,7592,7594,7602,7607,7612,7624,7626,7667,7678,7682,7691,7694,7697,7756,7759,7811,7814,7820,7836,7842,7844,7849,7858,7861,7883,7885,7893,7898,7901,7936,7938,7946,7950,7955,7993,8005,8008,8059,8067,8071,8074,8096,8105,8108,8149,8151,8174,8180,8186,8201,8203,8223,8226,8245,8247,8266,8270,8276,8355,8358,8372,8379,8381,8385,8392,8396,8400,8404,8409,8413,8418,8422,8429,8431,8461],[10,6379,6375],{"id":6380},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,6382,1371,6383,6385,6386,158,6388,84],{},[15,6384,3209],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,6387,2997],{},[15,6389,3070],{},[20,6391,6392,6393,6395,6396,6398],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,6394,3209],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,6397,656],{}," statements and other conditions.",[33,6400,3002],{"id":3001},[38,6402,6404],{"className":40,"code":6403,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,6405,6406,6420,6434,6448,6466,6476],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6407,6408,6410,6412,6414,6416,6418],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6409,98],{"class":97},[47,6411,101],{"class":83},[47,6413,3263],{"class":919},[47,6415,101],{"class":83},[47,6417,1514],{"class":586},[47,6419,1419],{"class":83},[47,6421,6422,6424,6426,6428,6430,6432],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,6423,98],{"class":97},[47,6425,101],{"class":83},[47,6427,3263],{"class":919},[47,6429,101],{"class":83},[47,6431,2377],{"class":586},[47,6433,1419],{"class":83},[47,6435,6436,6438,6440,6442,6444,6446],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,6437,98],{"class":97},[47,6439,101],{"class":83},[47,6441,3263],{"class":919},[47,6443,101],{"class":83},[47,6445,5672],{"class":61},[47,6447,1419],{"class":83},[47,6449,6450,6452,6454,6456,6458,6460,6462,6464],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,6451,98],{"class":97},[47,6453,101],{"class":83},[47,6455,3263],{"class":919},[47,6457,101],{"class":83},[47,6459,253],{"class":61},[47,6461,256],{"class":65},[47,6463,253],{"class":61},[47,6465,1419],{"class":83},[47,6467,6468,6470,6472,6474],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,6469,98],{"class":97},[47,6471,101],{"class":83},[47,6473,3263],{"class":919},[47,6475,3824],{"class":83},[47,6477,6478,6480,6482,6484,6486,6488,6490,6492,6494,6496],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,6479,98],{"class":97},[47,6481,101],{"class":83},[47,6483,3263],{"class":919},[47,6485,2374],{"class":83},[47,6487,2377],{"class":586},[47,6489,590],{"class":83},[47,6491,2382],{"class":586},[47,6493,590],{"class":83},[47,6495,1841],{"class":586},[47,6497,2389],{"class":83},[20,6499,4960],{},[38,6501,6503],{"className":40,"code":6502,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,6504,6505,6509,6513,6517,6521,6525],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6506,6507],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6508,3436],{"class":1271},[47,6510,6511],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,6512,1264],{"class":1271},[47,6514,6515],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,6516,3436],{"class":1271},[47,6518,6519],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,6520,1264],{"class":1271},[47,6522,6523],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,6524,3436],{"class":1271},[47,6526,6527],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,6528,1264],{"class":1271},[20,6530,1486,6531,6534,6535,158,6537,6539,6540,6542,6543,84],{},[15,6532,6533],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,6536,2997],{},[15,6538,3070],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,6541,3070],{},". Most other values become ",[15,6544,2997],{},[33,6546,6548],{"id":6547},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,6550,6551,6553],{},[15,6552,3209],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,6555,6556],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[133,6558,6559,6563],{},[136,6560,6561],{},[15,6562,2997],{},[136,6564,6565],{},[15,6566,3070],{},[20,6568,6569,6570,6572],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,6571,656],{}," statements.",[20,6574,6575,6576,6578],{},"You can also call ",[15,6577,3209],{}," with no argument:",[38,6580,6582],{"className":40,"code":6581,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool())\n",[15,6583,6584],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6585,6586,6588,6590,6592],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6587,98],{"class":97},[47,6589,101],{"class":83},[47,6591,3263],{"class":919},[47,6593,236],{"class":83},[20,6595,338],{},[38,6597,6598],{"className":40,"code":3436,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,6599,6600],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6601,6602],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6603,3436],{"class":1271},[20,6605,6606,6607,84],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[154,6608,6610],{"href":6609},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[33,6612,6614],{"id":6613},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,6616,6617],{},"The basic syntax is:",[38,6619,6621],{"className":40,"code":6620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"bool(value)\n",[15,6622,6623],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6624,6625,6627,6629,6631],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6626,3263],{"class":919},[47,6628,101],{"class":83},[47,6630,1863],{"class":87},[47,6632,107],{"class":83},[20,6634,1371,6635,6637],{},[15,6636,1863],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[133,6639,6640,6642,6644,6646,6648,6651,6653],{},[136,6641,3044],{},[136,6643,4708],{},[136,6645,4699],{},[136,6647,4702],{},[136,6649,6650],{},"dictionaries",[136,6652,4705],{},[136,6654,6655],{},"other objects",[20,6657,6658,6659,84],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,6660,3070],{},[20,6662,538],{},[38,6664,6666],{"className":40,"code":6665,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,6667,6668,6682,6701],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6669,6670,6672,6674,6676,6678,6680],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6671,98],{"class":97},[47,6673,101],{"class":83},[47,6675,3263],{"class":919},[47,6677,101],{"class":83},[47,6679,1719],{"class":586},[47,6681,1419],{"class":83},[47,6683,6684,6686,6688,6690,6692,6694,6697,6699],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,6685,98],{"class":97},[47,6687,101],{"class":83},[47,6689,3263],{"class":919},[47,6691,101],{"class":83},[47,6693,253],{"class":61},[47,6695,6696],{"class":65},"Python",[47,6698,253],{"class":61},[47,6700,1419],{"class":83},[47,6702,6703,6705,6707,6709],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,6704,98],{"class":97},[47,6706,101],{"class":83},[47,6708,3263],{"class":919},[47,6710,236],{"class":83},[20,6712,338],{},[38,6714,6716],{"className":40,"code":6715,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,6717,6718,6722,6726],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6719,6720],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6721,1264],{"class":1271},[47,6723,6724],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,6725,1264],{"class":1271},[47,6727,6728],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,6729,3436],{"class":1271},[33,6731,6733],{"id":6732},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,6735,6736,6737,6739],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[121,6738,4997],{}," values.",[20,6741,6742],{},"Common examples:",[133,6744,6745,6749,6753,6757,6761,6765,6769,6773],{},[136,6746,6747],{},[15,6748,1514],{},[136,6750,6751],{},[15,6752,3164],{},[136,6754,6755],{},[15,6756,5672],{},[136,6758,6759],{},[15,6760,3183],{},[136,6762,6763],{},[15,6764,666],{},[136,6766,6767],{},[15,6768,3188],{},[136,6770,6771],{},[15,6772,3193],{},[136,6774,6775],{},[15,6776,3174],{},[20,6778,538],{},[38,6780,6782],{"className":40,"code":6781,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,6783,6784,6798,6812,6826,6836,6846,6857,6871],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6785,6786,6788,6790,6792,6794,6796],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6787,98],{"class":97},[47,6789,101],{"class":83},[47,6791,3263],{"class":919},[47,6793,101],{"class":83},[47,6795,1514],{"class":586},[47,6797,1419],{"class":83},[47,6799,6800,6802,6804,6806,6808,6810],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,6801,98],{"class":97},[47,6803,101],{"class":83},[47,6805,3263],{"class":919},[47,6807,101],{"class":83},[47,6809,3164],{"class":586},[47,6811,1419],{"class":83},[47,6813,6814,6816,6818,6820,6822,6824],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,6815,98],{"class":97},[47,6817,101],{"class":83},[47,6819,3263],{"class":919},[47,6821,101],{"class":83},[47,6823,5672],{"class":61},[47,6825,1419],{"class":83},[47,6827,6828,6830,6832,6834],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,6829,98],{"class":97},[47,6831,101],{"class":83},[47,6833,3263],{"class":919},[47,6835,3824],{"class":83},[47,6837,6838,6840,6842,6844],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,6839,98],{"class":97},[47,6841,101],{"class":83},[47,6843,3263],{"class":919},[47,6845,3882],{"class":83},[47,6847,6848,6850,6852,6854],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,6849,98],{"class":97},[47,6851,101],{"class":83},[47,6853,3263],{"class":919},[47,6855,6856],{"class":83},"({}))\n",[47,6858,6859,6861,6863,6865,6867,6869],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,6860,98],{"class":97},[47,6862,101],{"class":83},[47,6864,3263],{"class":919},[47,6866,101],{"class":83},[47,6868,5687],{"class":919},[47,6870,5690],{"class":83},[47,6872,6873,6875,6877,6879,6881,6883],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,6874,98],{"class":97},[47,6876,101],{"class":83},[47,6878,3263],{"class":919},[47,6880,101],{"class":83},[47,6882,3174],{"class":1271},[47,6884,1419],{"class":83},[20,6886,338],{},[38,6888,6890],{"className":40,"code":6889,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6891,6892,6896,6900,6904,6908,6912,6916,6920],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6893,6894],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6895,3436],{"class":1271},[47,6897,6898],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,6899,3436],{"class":1271},[47,6901,6902],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,6903,3436],{"class":1271},[47,6905,6906],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,6907,3436],{"class":1271},[47,6909,6910],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,6911,3436],{"class":1271},[47,6913,6914],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,6915,3436],{"class":1271},[47,6917,6918],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,6919,3436],{"class":1271},[47,6921,6922],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,6923,3436],{"class":1271},[33,6925,6927],{"id":6926},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,6929,6930,6931,6933,6934,6739],{},"Many values become ",[15,6932,2997],{},". These are often called ",[121,6935,4994],{},[20,6937,6742],{},[133,6939,6940,6943,6946,6949,6952,6955],{},[136,6941,6942],{},"non-zero numbers",[136,6944,6945],{},"non-empty strings",[136,6947,6948],{},"non-empty lists",[136,6950,6951],{},"non-empty tuples",[136,6953,6954],{},"non-empty sets",[136,6956,6957],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,6959,538],{},[38,6961,6963],{"className":40,"code":6962,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,6964,6965,6979,6995,7013,7035,7053],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6966,6967,6969,6971,6973,6975,6977],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6968,98],{"class":97},[47,6970,101],{"class":83},[47,6972,3263],{"class":919},[47,6974,101],{"class":83},[47,6976,1531],{"class":586},[47,6978,1419],{"class":83},[47,6980,6981,6983,6985,6987,6989,6991,6993],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,6982,98],{"class":97},[47,6984,101],{"class":83},[47,6986,3263],{"class":919},[47,6988,101],{"class":83},[47,6990,1413],{"class":57},[47,6992,1449],{"class":586},[47,6994,1419],{"class":83},[47,6996,6997,6999,7001,7003,7005,7007,7009,7011],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,6998,98],{"class":97},[47,7000,101],{"class":83},[47,7002,3263],{"class":919},[47,7004,101],{"class":83},[47,7006,253],{"class":61},[47,7008,256],{"class":65},[47,7010,253],{"class":61},[47,7012,1419],{"class":83},[47,7014,7015,7017,7019,7021,7023,7025,7027,7029,7031,7033],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,7016,98],{"class":97},[47,7018,101],{"class":83},[47,7020,3263],{"class":919},[47,7022,2374],{"class":83},[47,7024,2377],{"class":586},[47,7026,590],{"class":83},[47,7028,2382],{"class":586},[47,7030,590],{"class":83},[47,7032,1841],{"class":586},[47,7034,2389],{"class":83},[47,7036,7037,7039,7041,7043,7045,7047,7049,7051],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,7038,98],{"class":97},[47,7040,101],{"class":83},[47,7042,3263],{"class":919},[47,7044,4911],{"class":83},[47,7046,2377],{"class":586},[47,7048,590],{"class":83},[47,7050,2382],{"class":586},[47,7052,2300],{"class":83},[47,7054,7055,7057,7059,7061,7063,7065,7067,7069,7071,7073,7076,7078],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,7056,98],{"class":97},[47,7058,101],{"class":83},[47,7060,3263],{"class":919},[47,7062,4930],{"class":83},[47,7064,253],{"class":61},[47,7066,229],{"class":65},[47,7068,253],{"class":61},[47,7070,1032],{"class":83},[47,7072,62],{"class":61},[47,7074,7075],{"class":65},"Sam",[47,7077,253],{"class":61},[47,7079,4939],{"class":83},[20,7081,338],{},[38,7083,7085],{"className":40,"code":7084,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7086,7087,7091,7095,7099,7103,7107],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7088,7089],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7090,1264],{"class":1271},[47,7092,7093],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,7094,1264],{"class":1271},[47,7096,7097],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,7098,1264],{"class":1271},[47,7100,7101],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,7102,1264],{"class":1271},[47,7104,7105],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,7106,1264],{"class":1271},[47,7108,7109],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,7110,1264],{"class":1271},[20,7112,7113],{},"One important example is this:",[38,7115,7117],{"className":40,"code":7116,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7118,7119],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7120,7121,7123,7125,7127,7129,7131,7133,7135],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7122,98],{"class":97},[47,7124,101],{"class":83},[47,7126,3263],{"class":919},[47,7128,101],{"class":83},[47,7130,253],{"class":61},[47,7132,3070],{"class":65},[47,7134,253],{"class":61},[47,7136,1419],{"class":83},[20,7138,338],{},[38,7140,7141],{"className":40,"code":1264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,7142,7143],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7144,7145],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7146,1264],{"class":1271},[20,7148,7149,7150,7152,7153,84],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7151,6080],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7154,2997],{},[33,7156,7158],{"id":7157},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7160,7161,7162,7164],{},"You can use ",[15,7163,3209],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[724,7166,7168],{"id":7167},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[38,7170,7172],{"className":40,"code":7171,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7173,7174,7197],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7175,7176,7179,7181,7183,7185,7187,7190,7192,7195],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7177,7178],{"class":53},"items ",[47,7180,58],{"class":57},[47,7182,3017],{"class":83},[47,7184,1719],{"class":586},[47,7186,590],{"class":83},[47,7188,7189],{"class":586}," 20",[47,7191,590],{"class":83},[47,7193,7194],{"class":586}," 30",[47,7196,3030],{"class":83},[47,7198,7199,7201,7203,7205,7207,7210],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,7200,98],{"class":97},[47,7202,101],{"class":83},[47,7204,3263],{"class":919},[47,7206,101],{"class":83},[47,7208,7209],{"class":87},"items",[47,7211,1419],{"class":83},[20,7213,338],{},[38,7215,7216],{"className":40,"code":1264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,7217,7218],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7219,7220],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7221,1264],{"class":1271},[20,7223,7224],{},"With an empty list:",[38,7226,7228],{"className":40,"code":7227,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7229,7230,7239],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7231,7232,7234,7236],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7233,7178],{"class":53},[47,7235,58],{"class":57},[47,7237,7238],{"class":83}," []\n",[47,7240,7241,7243,7245,7247,7249,7251],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,7242,98],{"class":97},[47,7244,101],{"class":83},[47,7246,3263],{"class":919},[47,7248,101],{"class":83},[47,7250,7209],{"class":87},[47,7252,1419],{"class":83},[20,7254,338],{},[38,7256,7257],{"className":40,"code":3436,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,7258,7259],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7260,7261],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7262,3436],{"class":1271},[724,7264,7266],{"id":7265},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[38,7268,7270],{"className":40,"code":7269,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7271,7272,7281],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7273,7274,7276,7278],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7275,212],{"class":53},[47,7277,58],{"class":57},[47,7279,7280],{"class":61}," \"\"\n",[47,7282,7283,7285,7287,7289,7291,7293],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,7284,98],{"class":97},[47,7286,101],{"class":83},[47,7288,3263],{"class":919},[47,7290,101],{"class":83},[47,7292,229],{"class":87},[47,7294,1419],{"class":83},[20,7296,338],{},[38,7298,7299],{"className":40,"code":3436,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,7300,7301],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7302,7303],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7304,3436],{"class":1271},[38,7306,7308],{"className":40,"code":7307,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7309,7310,7323],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7311,7312,7314,7316,7318,7321],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7313,212],{"class":53},[47,7315,58],{"class":57},[47,7317,62],{"class":61},[47,7319,7320],{"class":65},"Mia",[47,7322,69],{"class":61},[47,7324,7325,7327,7329,7331,7333,7335],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,7326,98],{"class":97},[47,7328,101],{"class":83},[47,7330,3263],{"class":919},[47,7332,101],{"class":83},[47,7334,229],{"class":87},[47,7336,1419],{"class":83},[20,7338,338],{},[38,7340,7341],{"className":40,"code":1264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,7342,7343],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7344,7345],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7346,1264],{"class":1271},[724,7348,7350],{"id":7349},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[38,7352,7354],{"className":40,"code":7353,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,7355,7356,7370,7387,7391],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7357,7358,7361,7363,7365,7368],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7359,7360],{"class":53},"username ",[47,7362,58],{"class":57},[47,7364,62],{"class":61},[47,7366,7367],{"class":65},"alex",[47,7369,69],{"class":61},[47,7371,7372,7375,7377,7380,7382,7385],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,7373,7374],{"class":53},"has_name ",[47,7376,58],{"class":57},[47,7378,7379],{"class":919}," bool",[47,7381,101],{"class":83},[47,7383,7384],{"class":87},"username",[47,7386,107],{"class":83},[47,7388,7389],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,7390,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,7392,7393,7395,7397,7400],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,7394,98],{"class":97},[47,7396,101],{"class":83},[47,7398,7399],{"class":87},"has_name",[47,7401,107],{"class":83},[20,7403,338],{},[38,7405,7406],{"className":40,"code":1264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,7407,7408],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7409,7410],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7411,1264],{"class":1271},[20,7413,7414,7415,158,7417,7419],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,7416,2997],{},[15,7418,3070],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[724,7421,7423],{"id":7422},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,7425,7426],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[38,7428,7430],{"className":40,"code":7429,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,7431,7432,7452,7456,7464],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7433,7434,7436,7438,7440,7442,7444,7446,7448,7450],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7435,3012],{"class":53},[47,7437,58],{"class":57},[47,7439,3017],{"class":83},[47,7441,2377],{"class":586},[47,7443,590],{"class":83},[47,7445,2382],{"class":586},[47,7447,590],{"class":83},[47,7449,1841],{"class":586},[47,7451,3030],{"class":83},[47,7453,7454],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,7455,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,7457,7458,7460,7462],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,7459,656],{"class":655},[47,7461,3659],{"class":53},[47,7463,679],{"class":83},[47,7465,7466,7468,7470,7472,7475,7477],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,7467,684],{"class":97},[47,7469,101],{"class":83},[47,7471,253],{"class":61},[47,7473,7474],{"class":65},"The list is not empty",[47,7476,253],{"class":61},[47,7478,107],{"class":83},[20,7480,338],{},[38,7482,7484],{"className":40,"code":7483,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"The list is not empty\n",[15,7485,7486],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7487,7488,7490,7493,7496,7499],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7489,1371],{"class":53},[47,7491,7492],{"class":919},"list",[47,7494,7495],{"class":57}," is",[47,7497,7498],{"class":57}," not",[47,7500,7501],{"class":53}," empty\n",[20,7503,7504,7505,84],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[154,7506,7508],{"href":7507},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[33,7510,7512],{"id":7511},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,7514,730,7515,7517],{},[15,7516,3209],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,7519,7520],{},"It does not do that.",[724,7522,7524,1786,7527],{"id":7523},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,7525,7526],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,7528,2997],{},[38,7530,7531],{"className":40,"code":7116,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,7532,7533],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7534,7535,7537,7539,7541,7543,7545,7547,7549],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7536,98],{"class":97},[47,7538,101],{"class":83},[47,7540,3263],{"class":919},[47,7542,101],{"class":83},[47,7544,253],{"class":61},[47,7546,3070],{"class":65},[47,7548,253],{"class":61},[47,7550,1419],{"class":83},[20,7552,338],{},[38,7554,7555],{"className":40,"code":1264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,7556,7557],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7558,7559],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7560,1264],{"class":1271},[724,7562,7564,1786,7567],{"id":7563},"bool0-returns-true",[15,7565,7566],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,7568,2997],{},[38,7570,7572],{"className":40,"code":7571,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,7573,7574],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7575,7576,7578,7580,7582,7584,7586,7588,7590],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7577,98],{"class":97},[47,7579,101],{"class":83},[47,7581,3263],{"class":919},[47,7583,101],{"class":83},[47,7585,253],{"class":61},[47,7587,1514],{"class":65},[47,7589,253],{"class":61},[47,7591,1419],{"class":83},[20,7593,338],{},[38,7595,7596],{"className":40,"code":1264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,7597,7598],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7599,7600],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7601,1264],{"class":1271},[20,7603,7604,7605,84],{},"This happens because both values are ",[121,7606,6945],{},[20,7608,7609,7611],{},[15,7610,3209],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,7613,7614,7615,7620,7621,7623],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[154,7616,7618],{"href":7617},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,7619,2346],{},", because ",[15,7622,2346],{}," always returns a string.",[20,7625,538],{},[38,7627,7629],{"className":40,"code":7628,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,7630,7631,7652],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7632,7633,7636,7638,7641,7643,7645,7648,7650],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7634,7635],{"class":53},"user_value ",[47,7637,58],{"class":57},[47,7639,7640],{"class":97}," input",[47,7642,101],{"class":83},[47,7644,253],{"class":61},[47,7646,7647],{"class":65},"Enter True or False: ",[47,7649,253],{"class":61},[47,7651,107],{"class":83},[47,7653,7654,7656,7658,7660,7662,7665],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,7655,98],{"class":97},[47,7657,101],{"class":83},[47,7659,3263],{"class":919},[47,7661,101],{"class":83},[47,7663,7664],{"class":87},"user_value",[47,7666,1419],{"class":83},[20,7668,7669,7670,7672,7673,7620,7675,7677],{},"If the user types ",[15,7671,3070],{},", the result will still be ",[15,7674,2997],{},[15,7676,6080],{}," is not empty.",[33,7679,7681],{"id":7680},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,7683,7684,7685,7687,7688,7690],{},"In many ",[15,7686,656],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,7689,3209],{}," yourself.",[20,7692,7693],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,7695,7696],{},"Instead of this:",[38,7698,7700],{"className":40,"code":7699,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,7701,7702,7723,7727,7741],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7703,7704,7707,7709,7711,7713,7715,7717,7719,7721],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7705,7706],{"class":53},"my_list ",[47,7708,58],{"class":57},[47,7710,3017],{"class":83},[47,7712,2377],{"class":586},[47,7714,590],{"class":83},[47,7716,2382],{"class":586},[47,7718,590],{"class":83},[47,7720,1841],{"class":586},[47,7722,3030],{"class":83},[47,7724,7725],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,7726,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,7728,7729,7731,7733,7735,7738],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,7730,656],{"class":655},[47,7732,7379],{"class":919},[47,7734,101],{"class":83},[47,7736,7737],{"class":87},"my_list",[47,7739,7740],{"class":83},"):\n",[47,7742,7743,7745,7747,7749,7752,7754],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,7744,684],{"class":97},[47,7746,101],{"class":83},[47,7748,253],{"class":61},[47,7750,7751],{"class":65},"List has items",[47,7753,253],{"class":61},[47,7755,107],{"class":83},[20,7757,7758],{},"You can simply write:",[38,7760,7762],{"className":40,"code":7761,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,7763,7764,7784,7788,7797],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7765,7766,7768,7770,7772,7774,7776,7778,7780,7782],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7767,7706],{"class":53},[47,7769,58],{"class":57},[47,7771,3017],{"class":83},[47,7773,2377],{"class":586},[47,7775,590],{"class":83},[47,7777,2382],{"class":586},[47,7779,590],{"class":83},[47,7781,1841],{"class":586},[47,7783,3030],{"class":83},[47,7785,7786],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,7787,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,7789,7790,7792,7795],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,7791,656],{"class":655},[47,7793,7794],{"class":53}," my_list",[47,7796,679],{"class":83},[47,7798,7799,7801,7803,7805,7807,7809],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,7800,684],{"class":97},[47,7802,101],{"class":83},[47,7804,253],{"class":61},[47,7806,7751],{"class":65},[47,7808,253],{"class":61},[47,7810,107],{"class":83},[20,7812,7813],{},"Both examples work.",[20,7815,7816,7817,7819],{},"Using ",[15,7818,3209],{}," is still helpful when:",[133,7821,7822,7825,7833],{},[136,7823,7824],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[136,7826,7827,7828,158,7830,7832],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,7829,2997],{},[15,7831,3070],{}," value",[136,7834,7835],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,7837,7838,7839,84],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[154,7840,7841],{"href":1687},"Python type() function explained",[33,7843,722],{"id":721},[20,7845,7846,7847,84],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,7848,3209],{},[724,7850,7852,7853,7855,7856],{"id":7851},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[15,7854,7526],{}," to return ",[15,7857,3070],{},[20,7859,7860],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[38,7862,7863],{"className":40,"code":7116,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,7864,7865],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7866,7867,7869,7871,7873,7875,7877,7879,7881],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7868,98],{"class":97},[47,7870,101],{"class":83},[47,7872,3263],{"class":919},[47,7874,101],{"class":83},[47,7876,253],{"class":61},[47,7878,3070],{"class":65},[47,7880,253],{"class":61},[47,7882,1419],{"class":83},[20,7884,338],{},[38,7886,7887],{"className":40,"code":1264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,7888,7889],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7890,7891],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7892,1264],{"class":1271},[20,7894,7895,7896,6081],{},"Why? Because ",[15,7897,6080],{},[20,7899,7900],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[38,7902,7904],{"className":40,"code":7903,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,7905,7906,7918],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7907,7908,7910,7912,7914,7916],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7909,1836],{"class":53},[47,7911,58],{"class":57},[47,7913,62],{"class":61},[47,7915,3070],{"class":65},[47,7917,69],{"class":61},[47,7919,7920,7922,7924,7926,7928,7930,7932,7934],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,7921,98],{"class":97},[47,7923,101],{"class":83},[47,7925,1836],{"class":87},[47,7927,4085],{"class":57},[47,7929,62],{"class":61},[47,7931,2997],{"class":65},[47,7933,253],{"class":61},[47,7935,107],{"class":83},[20,7937,338],{},[38,7939,7940],{"className":40,"code":3436,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,7941,7942],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7943,7944],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7945,3436],{"class":1271},[724,7947,7949],{"id":7948},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,7951,7952,7954],{},[15,7953,2346],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[38,7956,7958],{"className":40,"code":7957,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,7959,7960,7979],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7961,7962,7964,7966,7968,7970,7972,7975,7977],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7963,1836],{"class":53},[47,7965,58],{"class":57},[47,7967,7640],{"class":97},[47,7969,101],{"class":83},[47,7971,253],{"class":61},[47,7973,7974],{"class":65},"Enter yes or no: ",[47,7976,253],{"class":61},[47,7978,107],{"class":83},[47,7980,7981,7983,7985,7987,7989,7991],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,7982,98],{"class":97},[47,7984,101],{"class":83},[47,7986,3263],{"class":919},[47,7988,101],{"class":83},[47,7990,1863],{"class":87},[47,7992,1419],{"class":83},[20,7994,7669,7995,7998,7999,8001,8002,7677],{},[15,7996,7997],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8000,2997],{}," because ",[15,8003,8004],{},"\"no\"",[20,8006,8007],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[38,8009,8011],{"className":40,"code":8010,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8012,8013,8041],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8014,8015,8017,8019,8021,8023,8025,8027,8029,8031,8033,8036,8039],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8016,1836],{"class":53},[47,8018,58],{"class":57},[47,8020,7640],{"class":97},[47,8022,101],{"class":83},[47,8024,253],{"class":61},[47,8026,7974],{"class":65},[47,8028,253],{"class":61},[47,8030,927],{"class":83},[47,8032,1105],{"class":87},[47,8034,8035],{"class":83},"().",[47,8037,8038],{"class":87},"lower",[47,8040,91],{"class":83},[47,8042,8043,8045,8047,8049,8051,8053,8055,8057],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,8044,98],{"class":97},[47,8046,101],{"class":83},[47,8048,1836],{"class":87},[47,8050,4085],{"class":57},[47,8052,62],{"class":61},[47,8054,644],{"class":65},[47,8056,253],{"class":61},[47,8058,107],{"class":83},[20,8060,8061,8062,8064,8065,84],{},"This gives ",[15,8063,2997],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8066,644],{},[724,8068,8070],{"id":8069},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8072,8073],{},"These are different:",[133,8075,8076,8080,8084,8088,8092],{},[136,8077,8078],{},[15,8079,3070],{},[136,8081,8082],{},[15,8083,1514],{},[136,8085,8086],{},[15,8087,5672],{},[136,8089,8090],{},[15,8091,3183],{},[136,8093,8094],{},[15,8095,3174],{},[20,8097,8098,8099,8101,8102,8104],{},"They all become ",[15,8100,3070],{}," with ",[15,8103,3209],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8106,8107],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[38,8109,8111],{"className":40,"code":8110,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8112,8113,8121,8135],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8114,8115,8117,8119],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8116,1836],{"class":53},[47,8118,58],{"class":57},[47,8120,7238],{"class":83},[47,8122,8123,8125,8127,8129,8131,8133],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,8124,98],{"class":97},[47,8126,101],{"class":83},[47,8128,2613],{"class":919},[47,8130,101],{"class":83},[47,8132,1863],{"class":87},[47,8134,1419],{"class":83},[47,8136,8137,8139,8141,8143,8145,8147],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,8138,98],{"class":97},[47,8140,101],{"class":83},[47,8142,3263],{"class":919},[47,8144,101],{"class":83},[47,8146,1863],{"class":87},[47,8148,1419],{"class":83},[20,8150,338],{},[38,8152,8154],{"className":40,"code":8153,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8155,8156,8170],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8157,8158,8160,8162,8164,8166,8168],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8159,2682],{"class":57},[47,8161,2685],{"class":1458},[47,8163,2688],{"class":61},[47,8165,7492],{"class":65},[47,8167,2693],{"class":61},[47,8169,2696],{"class":57},[47,8171,8172],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,8173,3436],{"class":1271},[724,8175,7816,8177,8179],{"id":8176},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8178,3188],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8181,8182,8183,8185],{},"In Python, ",[15,8184,3188],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[38,8187,8189],{"className":40,"code":8188,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8190,8191],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8192,8193,8195,8197,8199],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8194,98],{"class":97},[47,8196,101],{"class":83},[47,8198,2613],{"class":919},[47,8200,6856],{"class":83},[20,8202,338],{},[38,8204,8206],{"className":40,"code":8205,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8207,8208],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8209,8210,8212,8214,8216,8219,8221],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8211,2682],{"class":57},[47,8213,2685],{"class":1458},[47,8215,2688],{"class":61},[47,8217,8218],{"class":65},"dict",[47,8220,2693],{"class":61},[47,8222,2696],{"class":57},[20,8224,8225],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[38,8227,8229],{"className":40,"code":8228,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8230,8231],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8232,8233,8235,8237,8239,8241,8243],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8234,98],{"class":97},[47,8236,101],{"class":83},[47,8238,2613],{"class":919},[47,8240,101],{"class":83},[47,8242,5687],{"class":919},[47,8244,5690],{"class":83},[20,8246,338],{},[38,8248,8250],{"className":40,"code":8249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8251,8252],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8253,8254,8256,8258,8260,8262,8264],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8255,2682],{"class":57},[47,8257,2685],{"class":1458},[47,8259,2688],{"class":61},[47,8261,5687],{"class":65},[47,8263,2693],{"class":61},[47,8265,2696],{"class":57},[33,8267,8269],{"id":8268},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,8271,8272,8273,8275],{},"If ",[15,8274,3209],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[38,8277,8279],{"className":40,"code":8278,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,8280,8281,8295,8309,8319,8337],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8282,8283,8285,8287,8289,8291,8293],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8284,98],{"class":97},[47,8286,101],{"class":83},[47,8288,3263],{"class":919},[47,8290,101],{"class":83},[47,8292,1863],{"class":87},[47,8294,1419],{"class":83},[47,8296,8297,8299,8301,8303,8305,8307],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,8298,98],{"class":97},[47,8300,101],{"class":83},[47,8302,2613],{"class":919},[47,8304,101],{"class":83},[47,8306,1863],{"class":87},[47,8308,1419],{"class":83},[47,8310,8311,8313,8315,8317],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,8312,98],{"class":97},[47,8314,101],{"class":83},[47,8316,1863],{"class":87},[47,8318,107],{"class":83},[47,8320,8321,8323,8325,8327,8329,8331,8333,8335],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,8322,98],{"class":97},[47,8324,101],{"class":83},[47,8326,1836],{"class":87},[47,8328,4085],{"class":57},[47,8330,62],{"class":61},[47,8332,2997],{"class":65},[47,8334,253],{"class":61},[47,8336,107],{"class":83},[47,8338,8339,8341,8343,8345,8347,8349,8351,8353],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,8340,98],{"class":97},[47,8342,101],{"class":83},[47,8344,1863],{"class":87},[47,8346,84],{"class":83},[47,8348,1105],{"class":87},[47,8350,8035],{"class":83},[47,8352,8038],{"class":87},[47,8354,236],{"class":83},[20,8356,8357],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[133,8359,8360,8363,8366,8369],{},[136,8361,8362],{},"what the value really is",[136,8364,8365],{},"whether it is a string",[136,8367,8368],{},"whether it contains spaces",[136,8370,8371],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,8373,8374,8375,84],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[154,8376,8378],{"href":8377},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[33,8380,1155],{"id":1154},[724,8382,8384],{"id":8383},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,8386,8387,8388,158,8390,84],{},"It returns either ",[15,8389,2997],{},[15,8391,3070],{},[724,8393,8395],{"id":8394},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,8397,4546,8398,84],{},[15,8399,3070],{},[724,8401,8403],{"id":8402},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,8405,8406,8407,84],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,8408,2997],{},[724,8410,8412],{"id":8411},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,8414,8415,8416,84],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,8417,3070],{},[724,8419,8421],{"id":8420},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,8423,8424,8425,158,8427,3133],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,8426,2997],{},[15,8428,3070],{},[33,8430,1275],{"id":1274},[133,8432,8433,8438,8442,8447,8451,8456],{},[136,8434,8435],{},[154,8436,8437],{"href":5178},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[136,8439,8440],{},[154,8441,7508],{"href":7507},[136,8443,8444],{},[154,8445,8446],{"href":7617},"Python input() function explained",[136,8448,8449],{},[154,8450,7841],{"href":1687},[136,8452,8453],{},[154,8454,8455],{"href":8377},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[136,8457,8458],{},[154,8459,8460],{"href":6609},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1320,8462,8463],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":8465},[8466,8467,8468,8469,8470,8471,8477,8483,8484,8492,8493,8500],{"id":3001,"depth":72,"text":3002},{"id":6547,"depth":72,"text":6548},{"id":6613,"depth":72,"text":6614},{"id":6732,"depth":72,"text":6733},{"id":6926,"depth":72,"text":6927},{"id":7157,"depth":72,"text":7158,"children":8472},[8473,8474,8475,8476],{"id":7167,"depth":94,"text":7168},{"id":7265,"depth":94,"text":7266},{"id":7349,"depth":94,"text":7350},{"id":7422,"depth":94,"text":7423},{"id":7511,"depth":72,"text":7512,"children":8478},[8479,8481],{"id":7523,"depth":94,"text":8480},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":7563,"depth":94,"text":8482},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":7680,"depth":72,"text":7681},{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722,"children":8485},[8486,8488,8489,8490],{"id":7851,"depth":94,"text":8487},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":7948,"depth":94,"text":7949},{"id":8069,"depth":94,"text":8070},{"id":8176,"depth":94,"text":8491},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8268,"depth":72,"text":8269},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":8494},[8495,8496,8497,8498,8499],{"id":8383,"depth":94,"text":8384},{"id":8394,"depth":94,"text":8395},{"id":8402,"depth":94,"text":8403},{"id":8411,"depth":94,"text":8412},{"id":8420,"depth":94,"text":8421},{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6375,"description":8501},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":8508,"title":8509,"body":8510,"description":10705,"extension":1354,"meta":10706,"navigation":311,"path":10707,"seo":10708,"stem":10709,"__hash__":10710},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8511,"toc":10667},[8512,8518,8524,8531,8536,8547,8554,8663,8667,8736,8741,8746,8751,8754,8765,8770,8773,8784,8791,8793,8798,8802,8827,8831,8840,8844,8907,8911,8944,8948,8993,8997,9034,9038,9041,9097,9101,9147,9150,9155,9194,9198,9221,9224,9238,9251,9255,9260,9327,9331,9367,9370,9378,9381,9445,9449,9481,9487,9489,9549,9556,9559,9637,9641,9674,9678,9681,9725,9729,9765,9768,9785,9788,9791,9844,9847,9858,9865,9874,9877,9935,9939,9980,9988,9996,10002,10010,10022,10027,10038,10111,10114,10126,10141,10145,10150,10154,10156,10199,10205,10208,10271,10275,10278,10287,10292,10329,10333,10336,10344,10347,10386,10390,10393,10444,10448,10469,10476,10478,10484,10511,10514,10569,10572,10583,10585,10592,10600,10606,10611,10618,10621,10628,10635,10637,10664],[10,8513,2968,8515,2972],{"id":8514},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,8516,8517],{},"dict()",[20,8519,8520,8521,8523],{},"The built-in ",[15,8522,8517],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,8525,8526,8527,8530],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[121,8528,8529],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,8532,8533,8535],{},[15,8534,8517],{}," is commonly used to:",[133,8537,8538,8541,8544],{},[136,8539,8540],{},"create an empty dictionary",[136,8542,8543],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[136,8545,8546],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,8548,8549,8550,84],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[154,8551,8553],{"href":8552},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[38,8555,8557],{"className":40,"code":8556,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,8558,8559,8594,8605,8609,8648],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8560,8561,8564,8566,8569,8571,8574,8576,8578,8580,8582,8584,8587,8589,8592],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8562,8563],{"class":53},"data ",[47,8565,58],{"class":57},[47,8567,8568],{"class":919}," dict",[47,8570,101],{"class":83},[47,8572,229],{"class":8573},"s99_P",[47,8575,58],{"class":57},[47,8577,2693],{"class":61},[47,8579,4401],{"class":65},[47,8581,2693],{"class":61},[47,8583,590],{"class":83},[47,8585,8586],{"class":8573}," age",[47,8588,58],{"class":57},[47,8590,8591],{"class":586},"25",[47,8593,107],{"class":83},[47,8595,8596,8598,8600,8603],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,8597,98],{"class":97},[47,8599,101],{"class":83},[47,8601,8602],{"class":87},"data",[47,8604,107],{"class":83},[47,8606,8607],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,8608,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,8610,8611,8614,8616,8619,8621,8623,8625,8627,8629,8632,8635,8637,8639,8641,8643,8645],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,8612,8613],{"class":53},"pairs ",[47,8615,58],{"class":57},[47,8617,8618],{"class":83}," [(",[47,8620,2693],{"class":61},[47,8622,154],{"class":65},[47,8624,2693],{"class":61},[47,8626,590],{"class":83},[47,8628,4898],{"class":586},[47,8630,8631],{"class":83},"),",[47,8633,8634],{"class":83}," (",[47,8636,2693],{"class":61},[47,8638,4158],{"class":65},[47,8640,2693],{"class":61},[47,8642,590],{"class":83},[47,8644,2382],{"class":586},[47,8646,8647],{"class":83},")]\n",[47,8649,8650,8652,8654,8656,8658,8661],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,8651,98],{"class":97},[47,8653,101],{"class":83},[47,8655,8218],{"class":919},[47,8657,101],{"class":83},[47,8659,8660],{"class":87},"pairs",[47,8662,1419],{"class":83},[20,8664,8665],{},[121,8666,338],{},[38,8668,8670],{"className":40,"code":8669,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,8671,8672,8708],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8673,8674,8677,8679,8681,8683,8685,8687,8689,8691,8693,8695,8698,8700,8702,8705],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8675,8676],{"class":83},"{",[47,8678,2693],{"class":61},[47,8680,229],{"class":65},[47,8682,2693],{"class":61},[47,8684,1032],{"class":83},[47,8686,2688],{"class":61},[47,8688,4401],{"class":65},[47,8690,2693],{"class":61},[47,8692,590],{"class":83},[47,8694,2688],{"class":61},[47,8696,8697],{"class":65},"age",[47,8699,2693],{"class":61},[47,8701,1032],{"class":83},[47,8703,8704],{"class":586}," 25",[47,8706,8707],{"class":83},"}\n",[47,8709,8710,8712,8714,8716,8718,8720,8722,8724,8726,8728,8730,8732,8734],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,8711,8676],{"class":83},[47,8713,2693],{"class":61},[47,8715,154],{"class":65},[47,8717,2693],{"class":61},[47,8719,1032],{"class":83},[47,8721,4898],{"class":586},[47,8723,590],{"class":83},[47,8725,2688],{"class":61},[47,8727,4158],{"class":65},[47,8729,2693],{"class":61},[47,8731,1032],{"class":83},[47,8733,2382],{"class":586},[47,8735,8707],{"class":83},[20,8737,1486,8738,8740],{},[15,8739,8517],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[33,8742,128,8744,131],{"id":8743},"what-dict-does",[15,8745,8517],{},[20,8747,8748,8750],{},[15,8749,8517],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,8752,8753],{},"A dictionary:",[133,8755,8756,8759,8762],{},[136,8757,8758],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[136,8760,8761],{},"lets you look up values by key",[136,8763,8764],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,8766,8767,8769],{},[15,8768,8517],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,8771,8772],{},"Common uses include:",[133,8774,8775,8778,8781],{},[136,8776,8777],{},"making an empty dictionary",[136,8779,8780],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[136,8782,8783],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,8785,8786,8787,84],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[154,8788,8790],{"href":8789},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[33,8792,166],{"id":165},[20,8794,8795,8797],{},[15,8796,8517],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[724,8799,8801],{"id":8800},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[38,8803,8805],{"className":40,"code":8804,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,8806,8807,8817],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8808,8809,8811,8813,8815],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8810,8563],{"class":53},[47,8812,58],{"class":57},[47,8814,8568],{"class":919},[47,8816,91],{"class":83},[47,8818,8819,8821,8823,8825],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,8820,98],{"class":97},[47,8822,101],{"class":83},[47,8824,8602],{"class":87},[47,8826,107],{"class":83},[20,8828,8829],{},[121,8830,338],{},[38,8832,8834],{"className":40,"code":8833,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{}\n",[15,8835,8836],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8837,8838],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8839,8833],{"class":83},[724,8841,8843],{"id":8842},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[38,8845,8847],{"className":40,"code":8846,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,8848,8849,8883,8897],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8850,8851,8853,8855,8857,8859,8861,8863,8865,8867,8869,8871,8873,8875,8877,8879,8881],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8852,8613],{"class":53},[47,8854,58],{"class":57},[47,8856,8618],{"class":83},[47,8858,2693],{"class":61},[47,8860,154],{"class":65},[47,8862,2693],{"class":61},[47,8864,590],{"class":83},[47,8866,4898],{"class":586},[47,8868,8631],{"class":83},[47,8870,8634],{"class":83},[47,8872,2693],{"class":61},[47,8874,4158],{"class":65},[47,8876,2693],{"class":61},[47,8878,590],{"class":83},[47,8880,2382],{"class":586},[47,8882,8647],{"class":83},[47,8884,8885,8887,8889,8891,8893,8895],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,8886,8563],{"class":53},[47,8888,58],{"class":57},[47,8890,8568],{"class":919},[47,8892,101],{"class":83},[47,8894,8660],{"class":87},[47,8896,107],{"class":83},[47,8898,8899,8901,8903,8905],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,8900,98],{"class":97},[47,8902,101],{"class":83},[47,8904,8602],{"class":87},[47,8906,107],{"class":83},[20,8908,8909],{},[121,8910,338],{},[38,8912,8914],{"className":40,"code":8913,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,8915,8916],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8917,8918,8920,8922,8924,8926,8928,8930,8932,8934,8936,8938,8940,8942],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8919,8676],{"class":83},[47,8921,2693],{"class":61},[47,8923,154],{"class":65},[47,8925,2693],{"class":61},[47,8927,1032],{"class":83},[47,8929,4898],{"class":586},[47,8931,590],{"class":83},[47,8933,2688],{"class":61},[47,8935,4158],{"class":65},[47,8937,2693],{"class":61},[47,8939,1032],{"class":83},[47,8941,2382],{"class":586},[47,8943,8707],{"class":83},[724,8945,8947],{"id":8946},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[38,8949,8951],{"className":40,"code":8950,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,8952,8953,8983],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8954,8955,8957,8959,8961,8963,8965,8967,8969,8971,8973,8975,8977,8979,8981],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8956,8563],{"class":53},[47,8958,58],{"class":57},[47,8960,8568],{"class":919},[47,8962,101],{"class":83},[47,8964,229],{"class":8573},[47,8966,58],{"class":57},[47,8968,2693],{"class":61},[47,8970,4401],{"class":65},[47,8972,2693],{"class":61},[47,8974,590],{"class":83},[47,8976,8586],{"class":8573},[47,8978,58],{"class":57},[47,8980,8591],{"class":586},[47,8982,107],{"class":83},[47,8984,8985,8987,8989,8991],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,8986,98],{"class":97},[47,8988,101],{"class":83},[47,8990,8602],{"class":87},[47,8992,107],{"class":83},[20,8994,8995],{},[121,8996,338],{},[38,8998,9000],{"className":40,"code":8999,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9001,9002],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9003,9004,9006,9008,9010,9012,9014,9016,9018,9020,9022,9024,9026,9028,9030,9032],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9005,8676],{"class":83},[47,9007,2693],{"class":61},[47,9009,229],{"class":65},[47,9011,2693],{"class":61},[47,9013,1032],{"class":83},[47,9015,2688],{"class":61},[47,9017,4401],{"class":65},[47,9019,2693],{"class":61},[47,9021,590],{"class":83},[47,9023,2688],{"class":61},[47,9025,8697],{"class":65},[47,9027,2693],{"class":61},[47,9029,1032],{"class":83},[47,9031,8704],{"class":586},[47,9033,8707],{"class":83},[724,9035,9037],{"id":9036},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9039,9040],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[38,9042,9044],{"className":40,"code":9043,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9045,9046,9087],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9047,9048,9050,9052,9054,9057,9059,9061,9063,9065,9067,9070,9072,9074,9076,9078,9081,9083,9085],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9049,8563],{"class":53},[47,9051,58],{"class":57},[47,9053,8568],{"class":919},[47,9055,9056],{"class":83},"([(",[47,9058,2693],{"class":61},[47,9060,154],{"class":65},[47,9062,2693],{"class":61},[47,9064,590],{"class":83},[47,9066,4898],{"class":586},[47,9068,9069],{"class":83},")],",[47,9071,1253],{"class":8573},[47,9073,58],{"class":57},[47,9075,1449],{"class":586},[47,9077,590],{"class":83},[47,9079,9080],{"class":8573}," c",[47,9082,58],{"class":57},[47,9084,1455],{"class":586},[47,9086,107],{"class":83},[47,9088,9089,9091,9093,9095],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,9090,98],{"class":97},[47,9092,101],{"class":83},[47,9094,8602],{"class":87},[47,9096,107],{"class":83},[20,9098,9099],{},[121,9100,338],{},[38,9102,9104],{"className":40,"code":9103,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9105,9106],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9107,9108,9110,9112,9114,9116,9118,9120,9122,9124,9126,9128,9130,9132,9134,9136,9139,9141,9143,9145],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9109,8676],{"class":83},[47,9111,2693],{"class":61},[47,9113,154],{"class":65},[47,9115,2693],{"class":61},[47,9117,1032],{"class":83},[47,9119,4898],{"class":586},[47,9121,590],{"class":83},[47,9123,2688],{"class":61},[47,9125,4158],{"class":65},[47,9127,2693],{"class":61},[47,9129,1032],{"class":83},[47,9131,2382],{"class":586},[47,9133,590],{"class":83},[47,9135,2688],{"class":61},[47,9137,9138],{"class":65},"c",[47,9140,2693],{"class":61},[47,9142,1032],{"class":83},[47,9144,1841],{"class":586},[47,9146,8707],{"class":83},[33,9148,8801],{"id":9149},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9151,1486,9152,9154],{},[15,9153,8517],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[38,9156,9158],{"className":40,"code":9157,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9159,9160,9170,9184],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9161,9162,9164,9166,9168],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9163,8563],{"class":53},[47,9165,58],{"class":57},[47,9167,8568],{"class":919},[47,9169,91],{"class":83},[47,9171,9172,9174,9176,9178,9180,9182],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,9173,98],{"class":97},[47,9175,101],{"class":83},[47,9177,2613],{"class":919},[47,9179,101],{"class":83},[47,9181,8602],{"class":87},[47,9183,1419],{"class":83},[47,9185,9186,9188,9190,9192],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,9187,98],{"class":97},[47,9189,101],{"class":83},[47,9191,8602],{"class":87},[47,9193,107],{"class":83},[20,9195,9196],{},[121,9197,338],{},[38,9199,9201],{"className":40,"code":9200,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9202,9203,9217],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9204,9205,9207,9209,9211,9213,9215],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9206,2682],{"class":57},[47,9208,2685],{"class":1458},[47,9210,2688],{"class":61},[47,9212,8218],{"class":65},[47,9214,2693],{"class":61},[47,9216,2696],{"class":57},[47,9218,9219],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,9220,8833],{"class":83},[20,9222,9223],{},"This gives the same result as:",[38,9225,9227],{"className":40,"code":9226,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {}\n",[15,9228,9229],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9230,9231,9233,9235],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9232,8563],{"class":53},[47,9234,58],{"class":57},[47,9236,9237],{"class":83}," {}\n",[20,9239,9240,9241,9243,9244,9247,9248,9250],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9242,3188],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9245,9246],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,9249,8517],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[33,9252,9254],{"id":9253},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9256,9257,9258,84],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9259,8517],{},[38,9261,9263],{"className":40,"code":9262,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9264,9265,9303,9317],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9266,9267,9269,9271,9273,9275,9277,9279,9281,9283,9285,9287,9289,9291,9293,9295,9297,9299,9301],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9268,8613],{"class":53},[47,9270,58],{"class":57},[47,9272,8618],{"class":83},[47,9274,2693],{"class":61},[47,9276,229],{"class":65},[47,9278,2693],{"class":61},[47,9280,590],{"class":83},[47,9282,2688],{"class":61},[47,9284,4401],{"class":65},[47,9286,2693],{"class":61},[47,9288,8631],{"class":83},[47,9290,8634],{"class":83},[47,9292,2693],{"class":61},[47,9294,8697],{"class":65},[47,9296,2693],{"class":61},[47,9298,590],{"class":83},[47,9300,8704],{"class":586},[47,9302,8647],{"class":83},[47,9304,9305,9307,9309,9311,9313,9315],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,9306,8563],{"class":53},[47,9308,58],{"class":57},[47,9310,8568],{"class":919},[47,9312,101],{"class":83},[47,9314,8660],{"class":87},[47,9316,107],{"class":83},[47,9318,9319,9321,9323,9325],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,9320,98],{"class":97},[47,9322,101],{"class":83},[47,9324,8602],{"class":87},[47,9326,107],{"class":83},[20,9328,9329],{},[121,9330,338],{},[38,9332,9333],{"className":40,"code":8999,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,9334,9335],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9336,9337,9339,9341,9343,9345,9347,9349,9351,9353,9355,9357,9359,9361,9363,9365],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9338,8676],{"class":83},[47,9340,2693],{"class":61},[47,9342,229],{"class":65},[47,9344,2693],{"class":61},[47,9346,1032],{"class":83},[47,9348,2688],{"class":61},[47,9350,4401],{"class":65},[47,9352,2693],{"class":61},[47,9354,590],{"class":83},[47,9356,2688],{"class":61},[47,9358,8697],{"class":65},[47,9360,2693],{"class":61},[47,9362,1032],{"class":83},[47,9364,8704],{"class":586},[47,9366,8707],{"class":83},[20,9368,9369],{},"Each pair becomes:",[133,9371,9372,9375],{},[136,9373,9374],{},"the first item as the key",[136,9376,9377],{},"the second item as the value",[20,9379,9380],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[38,9382,9384],{"className":40,"code":9383,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9385,9386,9421,9435],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9387,9388,9390,9392,9395,9397,9399,9401,9403,9405,9407,9409,9411,9413,9415,9417,9419],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9389,8613],{"class":53},[47,9391,58],{"class":57},[47,9393,9394],{"class":83}," ((",[47,9396,2693],{"class":61},[47,9398,154],{"class":65},[47,9400,2693],{"class":61},[47,9402,590],{"class":83},[47,9404,4898],{"class":586},[47,9406,8631],{"class":83},[47,9408,8634],{"class":83},[47,9410,2693],{"class":61},[47,9412,4158],{"class":65},[47,9414,2693],{"class":61},[47,9416,590],{"class":83},[47,9418,2382],{"class":586},[47,9420,1419],{"class":83},[47,9422,9423,9425,9427,9429,9431,9433],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,9424,8563],{"class":53},[47,9426,58],{"class":57},[47,9428,8568],{"class":919},[47,9430,101],{"class":83},[47,9432,8660],{"class":87},[47,9434,107],{"class":83},[47,9436,9437,9439,9441,9443],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,9438,98],{"class":97},[47,9440,101],{"class":83},[47,9442,8602],{"class":87},[47,9444,107],{"class":83},[20,9446,9447],{},[121,9448,338],{},[38,9450,9451],{"className":40,"code":8913,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,9452,9453],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9454,9455,9457,9459,9461,9463,9465,9467,9469,9471,9473,9475,9477,9479],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9456,8676],{"class":83},[47,9458,2693],{"class":61},[47,9460,154],{"class":65},[47,9462,2693],{"class":61},[47,9464,1032],{"class":83},[47,9466,4898],{"class":586},[47,9468,590],{"class":83},[47,9470,2688],{"class":61},[47,9472,4158],{"class":65},[47,9474,2693],{"class":61},[47,9476,1032],{"class":83},[47,9478,2382],{"class":586},[47,9480,8707],{"class":83},[20,9482,9483,9484,84],{},"Each item must contain ",[121,9485,9486],{},"exactly two elements",[20,9488,2225],{},[38,9490,9492],{"className":40,"code":9491,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,9493,9494,9534],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9495,9496,9499,9501,9503,9505,9507,9509,9511,9513,9515,9518,9520,9522,9524,9526,9528,9530,9532],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9497,9498],{"class":53},"bad_data ",[47,9500,58],{"class":57},[47,9502,8618],{"class":83},[47,9504,2693],{"class":61},[47,9506,154],{"class":65},[47,9508,2693],{"class":61},[47,9510,590],{"class":83},[47,9512,4898],{"class":586},[47,9514,590],{"class":83},[47,9516,9517],{"class":586}," 100",[47,9519,8631],{"class":83},[47,9521,8634],{"class":83},[47,9523,2693],{"class":61},[47,9525,4158],{"class":65},[47,9527,2693],{"class":61},[47,9529,590],{"class":83},[47,9531,2382],{"class":586},[47,9533,8647],{"class":83},[47,9535,9536,9538,9540,9542,9544,9547],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,9537,75],{"class":53},[47,9539,58],{"class":57},[47,9541,8568],{"class":919},[47,9543,101],{"class":83},[47,9545,9546],{"class":87},"bad_data",[47,9548,107],{"class":83},[20,9550,9551,9552,9555],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,9553,9554],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,9557,9558],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[38,9560,9562],{"className":40,"code":9561,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9563,9564,9613,9627],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9565,9566,9568,9570,9572,9574,9576,9578,9580,9582,9584,9586,9588,9590,9592,9594,9597,9599,9601,9603,9605,9607,9609,9611],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9567,8613],{"class":53},[47,9569,58],{"class":57},[47,9571,8618],{"class":83},[47,9573,2693],{"class":61},[47,9575,154],{"class":65},[47,9577,2693],{"class":61},[47,9579,590],{"class":83},[47,9581,4898],{"class":586},[47,9583,8631],{"class":83},[47,9585,8634],{"class":83},[47,9587,2693],{"class":61},[47,9589,154],{"class":65},[47,9591,2693],{"class":61},[47,9593,590],{"class":83},[47,9595,9596],{"class":586}," 99",[47,9598,8631],{"class":83},[47,9600,8634],{"class":83},[47,9602,2693],{"class":61},[47,9604,4158],{"class":65},[47,9606,2693],{"class":61},[47,9608,590],{"class":83},[47,9610,2382],{"class":586},[47,9612,8647],{"class":83},[47,9614,9615,9617,9619,9621,9623,9625],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,9616,8563],{"class":53},[47,9618,58],{"class":57},[47,9620,8568],{"class":919},[47,9622,101],{"class":83},[47,9624,8660],{"class":87},[47,9626,107],{"class":83},[47,9628,9629,9631,9633,9635],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,9630,98],{"class":97},[47,9632,101],{"class":83},[47,9634,8602],{"class":87},[47,9636,107],{"class":83},[20,9638,9639],{},[121,9640,338],{},[38,9642,9644],{"className":40,"code":9643,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9645,9646],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9647,9648,9650,9652,9654,9656,9658,9660,9662,9664,9666,9668,9670,9672],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9649,8676],{"class":83},[47,9651,2693],{"class":61},[47,9653,154],{"class":65},[47,9655,2693],{"class":61},[47,9657,1032],{"class":83},[47,9659,9596],{"class":586},[47,9661,590],{"class":83},[47,9663,2688],{"class":61},[47,9665,4158],{"class":65},[47,9667,2693],{"class":61},[47,9669,1032],{"class":83},[47,9671,2382],{"class":586},[47,9673,8707],{"class":83},[33,9675,9677],{"id":9676},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,9679,9680],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[38,9682,9683],{"className":40,"code":8950,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,9684,9685,9715],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9686,9687,9689,9691,9693,9695,9697,9699,9701,9703,9705,9707,9709,9711,9713],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9688,8563],{"class":53},[47,9690,58],{"class":57},[47,9692,8568],{"class":919},[47,9694,101],{"class":83},[47,9696,229],{"class":8573},[47,9698,58],{"class":57},[47,9700,2693],{"class":61},[47,9702,4401],{"class":65},[47,9704,2693],{"class":61},[47,9706,590],{"class":83},[47,9708,8586],{"class":8573},[47,9710,58],{"class":57},[47,9712,8591],{"class":586},[47,9714,107],{"class":83},[47,9716,9717,9719,9721,9723],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,9718,98],{"class":97},[47,9720,101],{"class":83},[47,9722,8602],{"class":87},[47,9724,107],{"class":83},[20,9726,9727],{},[121,9728,338],{},[38,9730,9731],{"className":40,"code":8999,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,9732,9733],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9734,9735,9737,9739,9741,9743,9745,9747,9749,9751,9753,9755,9757,9759,9761,9763],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9736,8676],{"class":83},[47,9738,2693],{"class":61},[47,9740,229],{"class":65},[47,9742,2693],{"class":61},[47,9744,1032],{"class":83},[47,9746,2688],{"class":61},[47,9748,4401],{"class":65},[47,9750,2693],{"class":61},[47,9752,590],{"class":83},[47,9754,2688],{"class":61},[47,9756,8697],{"class":65},[47,9758,2693],{"class":61},[47,9760,1032],{"class":83},[47,9762,8704],{"class":586},[47,9764,8707],{"class":83},[20,9766,9767],{},"In this form:",[133,9769,9770,9778],{},[136,9771,9772,9774,9775],{},[15,9773,229],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,9776,9777],{},"'name'",[136,9779,9780,9774,9782],{},[15,9781,8697],{},[15,9783,9784],{},"'age'",[20,9786,9787],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,9789,9790],{},"Valid examples:",[38,9792,9794],{"className":40,"code":9793,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,9795,9796,9834],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9797,9798,9800,9802,9804,9806,9809,9811,9813,9816,9818,9820,9823,9825,9827,9830,9832],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9799,8563],{"class":53},[47,9801,58],{"class":57},[47,9803,8568],{"class":919},[47,9805,101],{"class":83},[47,9807,9808],{"class":8573},"city",[47,9810,58],{"class":57},[47,9812,2693],{"class":61},[47,9814,9815],{"class":65},"Paris",[47,9817,2693],{"class":61},[47,9819,590],{"class":83},[47,9821,9822],{"class":8573}," country",[47,9824,58],{"class":57},[47,9826,2693],{"class":61},[47,9828,9829],{"class":65},"France",[47,9831,2693],{"class":61},[47,9833,107],{"class":83},[47,9835,9836,9838,9840,9842],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,9837,98],{"class":97},[47,9839,101],{"class":83},[47,9841,8602],{"class":87},[47,9843,107],{"class":83},[20,9845,9846],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[133,9848,9849,9852,9855],{},[136,9850,9851],{},"spaces",[136,9853,9854],{},"hyphens",[136,9856,9857],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,9859,9860,9861,9864],{},"For example, this is ",[121,9862,9863],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[38,9866,9868],{"className":40,"code":9867,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,9869,9870],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9871,9872],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9873,9867],{"class":113},[20,9875,9876],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[38,9878,9880],{"className":40,"code":9879,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,9881,9882,9925],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9883,9884,9886,9888,9891,9893,9896,9898,9900,9902,9904,9906,9908,9910,9913,9915,9917,9919,9921,9923],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9885,8563],{"class":53},[47,9887,58],{"class":57},[47,9889,9890],{"class":83}," {",[47,9892,2693],{"class":61},[47,9894,9895],{"class":65},"first-name",[47,9897,2693],{"class":61},[47,9899,1032],{"class":83},[47,9901,2688],{"class":61},[47,9903,7075],{"class":65},[47,9905,2693],{"class":61},[47,9907,590],{"class":83},[47,9909,2688],{"class":61},[47,9911,9912],{"class":65},"first name",[47,9914,2693],{"class":61},[47,9916,1032],{"class":83},[47,9918,2688],{"class":61},[47,9920,7075],{"class":65},[47,9922,2693],{"class":61},[47,9924,8707],{"class":83},[47,9926,9927,9929,9931,9933],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,9928,98],{"class":97},[47,9930,101],{"class":83},[47,9932,8602],{"class":87},[47,9934,107],{"class":83},[20,9936,9937],{},[121,9938,338],{},[38,9940,9942],{"className":40,"code":9941,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,9943,9944],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9945,9946,9948,9950,9952,9954,9956,9958,9960,9962,9964,9966,9968,9970,9972,9974,9976,9978],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9947,8676],{"class":83},[47,9949,2693],{"class":61},[47,9951,9895],{"class":65},[47,9953,2693],{"class":61},[47,9955,1032],{"class":83},[47,9957,2688],{"class":61},[47,9959,7075],{"class":65},[47,9961,2693],{"class":61},[47,9963,590],{"class":83},[47,9965,2688],{"class":61},[47,9967,9912],{"class":65},[47,9969,2693],{"class":61},[47,9971,1032],{"class":83},[47,9973,2688],{"class":61},[47,9975,7075],{"class":65},[47,9977,2693],{"class":61},[47,9979,8707],{"class":83},[33,9981,9983,9985,9986],{"id":9982},"dict-vs",[15,9984,8517],{}," vs ",[15,9987,3188],{},[20,9989,9990,9991,1063,9993,9995],{},"Both ",[15,9992,8517],{},[15,9994,3188],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[724,9997,1486,9999,10001],{"id":9998},"use-when",[15,10000,3188],{}," when:",[133,10003,10004,10007],{},[136,10005,10006],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[136,10008,10009],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[38,10011,10012],{"className":40,"code":9226,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,10013,10014],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10015,10016,10018,10020],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10017,8563],{"class":53},[47,10019,58],{"class":57},[47,10021,9237],{"class":83},[724,10023,1486,10025,10001],{"id":10024},"use-dict-when",[15,10026,8517],{},[133,10028,10029,10032,10035],{},[136,10030,10031],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[136,10033,10034],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[136,10036,10037],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[38,10039,10041],{"className":40,"code":10040,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10042,10043,10080],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10044,10045,10047,10049,10051,10053,10055,10057,10059,10061,10063,10065,10067,10069,10071,10073,10075,10077],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10046,8563],{"class":53},[47,10048,58],{"class":57},[47,10050,8568],{"class":919},[47,10052,9056],{"class":83},[47,10054,2693],{"class":61},[47,10056,154],{"class":65},[47,10058,2693],{"class":61},[47,10060,590],{"class":83},[47,10062,4898],{"class":586},[47,10064,8631],{"class":83},[47,10066,8634],{"class":83},[47,10068,2693],{"class":61},[47,10070,4158],{"class":65},[47,10072,2693],{"class":61},[47,10074,590],{"class":83},[47,10076,2382],{"class":586},[47,10078,10079],{"class":83},")])\n",[47,10081,10082,10085,10087,10089,10091,10093,10095,10097,10099,10101,10103,10105,10107,10109],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,10083,10084],{"class":53},"info ",[47,10086,58],{"class":57},[47,10088,8568],{"class":919},[47,10090,101],{"class":83},[47,10092,229],{"class":8573},[47,10094,58],{"class":57},[47,10096,2693],{"class":61},[47,10098,4401],{"class":65},[47,10100,2693],{"class":61},[47,10102,590],{"class":83},[47,10104,8586],{"class":8573},[47,10106,58],{"class":57},[47,10108,8591],{"class":586},[47,10110,107],{"class":83},[20,10112,10113],{},"So:",[133,10115,10116,10121],{},[136,10117,10118,10120],{},[15,10119,3188],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[136,10122,10123,10125],{},[15,10124,8517],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10127,10128,10129,10133,10134,84],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[154,10130,10132],{"href":10131},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[154,10135,10137,10138,1289],{"href":10136},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10139,10140],{},"get()",[33,10142,10144],{"id":10143},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10146,10147,10148,84],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10149,8517],{},[724,10151,10153],{"id":10152},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10155,3922],{},[38,10157,10159],{"className":40,"code":10158,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10160,10161,10185],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10162,10163,10165,10167,10169,10171,10173,10175,10177,10179,10181,10183],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10164,7178],{"class":53},[47,10166,58],{"class":57},[47,10168,3017],{"class":83},[47,10170,2693],{"class":61},[47,10172,154],{"class":65},[47,10174,2693],{"class":61},[47,10176,590],{"class":83},[47,10178,2688],{"class":61},[47,10180,4158],{"class":65},[47,10182,2693],{"class":61},[47,10184,3030],{"class":83},[47,10186,10187,10189,10191,10193,10195,10197],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,10188,8563],{"class":53},[47,10190,58],{"class":57},[47,10192,8568],{"class":919},[47,10194,101],{"class":83},[47,10196,7209],{"class":87},[47,10198,107],{"class":83},[20,10200,10201,10202,84],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10203,10204],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10206,10207],{},"Correct version:",[38,10209,10211],{"className":40,"code":10210,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10212,10213,10247,10261],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10214,10215,10217,10219,10221,10223,10225,10227,10229,10231,10233,10235,10237,10239,10241,10243,10245],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10216,7178],{"class":53},[47,10218,58],{"class":57},[47,10220,8618],{"class":83},[47,10222,2693],{"class":61},[47,10224,154],{"class":65},[47,10226,2693],{"class":61},[47,10228,590],{"class":83},[47,10230,4898],{"class":586},[47,10232,8631],{"class":83},[47,10234,8634],{"class":83},[47,10236,2693],{"class":61},[47,10238,4158],{"class":65},[47,10240,2693],{"class":61},[47,10242,590],{"class":83},[47,10244,2382],{"class":586},[47,10246,8647],{"class":83},[47,10248,10249,10251,10253,10255,10257,10259],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,10250,8563],{"class":53},[47,10252,58],{"class":57},[47,10254,8568],{"class":919},[47,10256,101],{"class":83},[47,10258,7209],{"class":87},[47,10260,107],{"class":83},[47,10262,10263,10265,10267,10269],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,10264,98],{"class":97},[47,10266,101],{"class":83},[47,10268,8602],{"class":87},[47,10270,107],{"class":83},[724,10272,10274],{"id":10273},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10276,10277],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[38,10279,10281],{"className":40,"code":10280,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,10282,10283],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10284,10285],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10286,10280],{"class":113},[20,10288,10289,10290,1032],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,10291,58],{},[38,10293,10295],{"className":40,"code":10294,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10296,10297,10319],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10298,10299,10301,10303,10305,10307,10309,10311,10313,10315,10317],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10300,8563],{"class":53},[47,10302,58],{"class":57},[47,10304,8568],{"class":919},[47,10306,101],{"class":83},[47,10308,229],{"class":8573},[47,10310,58],{"class":57},[47,10312,2693],{"class":61},[47,10314,4401],{"class":65},[47,10316,2693],{"class":61},[47,10318,107],{"class":83},[47,10320,10321,10323,10325,10327],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,10322,98],{"class":97},[47,10324,101],{"class":83},[47,10326,8602],{"class":87},[47,10328,107],{"class":83},[724,10330,10332],{"id":10331},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,10334,10335],{},"This will not work:",[38,10337,10338],{"className":40,"code":9867,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,10339,10340],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10341,10342],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10343,9867],{"class":113},[20,10345,10346],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[38,10348,10350],{"className":40,"code":10349,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10351,10352,10376],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10353,10354,10356,10358,10360,10362,10364,10366,10368,10370,10372,10374],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10355,8563],{"class":53},[47,10357,58],{"class":57},[47,10359,9890],{"class":83},[47,10361,2693],{"class":61},[47,10363,9895],{"class":65},[47,10365,2693],{"class":61},[47,10367,1032],{"class":83},[47,10369,2688],{"class":61},[47,10371,7075],{"class":65},[47,10373,2693],{"class":61},[47,10375,8707],{"class":83},[47,10377,10378,10380,10382,10384],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,10379,98],{"class":97},[47,10381,101],{"class":83},[47,10383,8602],{"class":87},[47,10385,107],{"class":83},[724,10387,10389],{"id":10388},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,10391,10392],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[38,10394,10396],{"className":40,"code":10395,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,10397,10398,10434],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10399,10400,10402,10404,10406,10408,10410,10412,10414,10416,10418,10420,10422,10424,10426,10428,10430,10432],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10401,8563],{"class":53},[47,10403,58],{"class":57},[47,10405,8568],{"class":919},[47,10407,9056],{"class":83},[47,10409,2693],{"class":61},[47,10411,1567],{"class":65},[47,10413,2693],{"class":61},[47,10415,590],{"class":83},[47,10417,4898],{"class":586},[47,10419,8631],{"class":83},[47,10421,8634],{"class":83},[47,10423,2693],{"class":61},[47,10425,1567],{"class":65},[47,10427,2693],{"class":61},[47,10429,590],{"class":83},[47,10431,2382],{"class":586},[47,10433,10079],{"class":83},[47,10435,10436,10438,10440,10442],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,10437,98],{"class":97},[47,10439,101],{"class":83},[47,10441,8602],{"class":87},[47,10443,107],{"class":83},[20,10445,10446],{},[121,10447,338],{},[38,10449,10451],{"className":40,"code":10450,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,10452,10453],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10454,10455,10457,10459,10461,10463,10465,10467],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10456,8676],{"class":83},[47,10458,2693],{"class":61},[47,10460,1567],{"class":65},[47,10462,2693],{"class":61},[47,10464,1032],{"class":83},[47,10466,2382],{"class":586},[47,10468,8707],{"class":83},[20,10470,10471,10472,84],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[154,10473,10475],{"href":10474},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[33,10477,722],{"id":721},[20,10479,10480,10481,10483],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,10482,8517],{}," include:",[133,10485,10486,10496,10502,10505],{},[136,10487,10488,10489,10492,10493],{},"passing a list like ",[15,10490,10491],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,10494,10495],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[136,10497,10498,10499],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,10500,10501],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[136,10503,10504],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[136,10506,10507,10508,10510],{},"confusing ",[15,10509,8517],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,10512,10513],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[38,10515,10517],{"className":40,"code":10516,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,10518,10519,10533,10543,10554],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10520,10521,10523,10525,10527,10529,10531],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10522,98],{"class":97},[47,10524,101],{"class":83},[47,10526,2613],{"class":919},[47,10528,101],{"class":83},[47,10530,8602],{"class":87},[47,10532,1419],{"class":83},[47,10534,10535,10537,10539,10541],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,10536,98],{"class":97},[47,10538,101],{"class":83},[47,10540,8602],{"class":87},[47,10542,107],{"class":83},[47,10544,10545,10547,10549,10552],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,10546,98],{"class":97},[47,10548,101],{"class":83},[47,10550,10551],{"class":87},"list_of_pairs",[47,10553,107],{"class":83},[47,10555,10556,10558,10560,10563,10565,10567],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,10557,98],{"class":97},[47,10559,101],{"class":83},[47,10561,10562],{"class":97},"len",[47,10564,101],{"class":83},[47,10566,10551],{"class":87},[47,10568,1419],{"class":83},[20,10570,10571],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[133,10573,10574,10577,10580],{},[136,10575,10576],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[136,10578,10579],{},"what data is being passed in",[136,10581,10582],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[33,10584,1155],{"id":1154},[724,10586,4578,10588,1063,10590,1883],{"id":10587},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,10589,8517],{},[15,10591,3188],{},[20,10593,10594,10596,10597,10599],{},[15,10595,3188],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,10598,8517],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[724,10601,4568,10603,10605],{"id":10602},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,10604,8517],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,10607,10608,10609,84],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,10610,10495],{},[724,10612,4556,10614,10617],{"id":10613},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,10615,10616],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,10619,10620],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[724,10622,10624,10625,10627],{"id":10623},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,10626,8517],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,10629,10630,10631,10634],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,10632,10633],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[33,10636,1275],{"id":1274},[133,10638,10639,10644,10648,10653,10659],{},[136,10640,10641],{},[154,10642,10643],{"href":8789},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[136,10645,10646],{},[154,10647,8553],{"href":8552},[136,10649,10650],{},[154,10651,10652],{"href":10131},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[136,10654,10655],{},[154,10656,10137,10657,1289],{"href":10136},[15,10658,10140],{},[136,10660,10661],{},[154,10662,10663],{"href":10474},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1320,10665,10666],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":10668},[10669,10671,10677,10678,10679,10680,10687,10693,10694,10704],{"id":8743,"depth":72,"text":10670},"What dict() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166,"children":10672},[10673,10674,10675,10676],{"id":8800,"depth":94,"text":8801},{"id":8842,"depth":94,"text":8843},{"id":8946,"depth":94,"text":8947},{"id":9036,"depth":94,"text":9037},{"id":9149,"depth":72,"text":8801},{"id":9253,"depth":72,"text":9254},{"id":9676,"depth":72,"text":9677},{"id":9982,"depth":72,"text":10681,"children":10682},"dict() vs {}",[10683,10685],{"id":9998,"depth":94,"text":10684},"Use {} when:",{"id":10024,"depth":94,"text":10686},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10143,"depth":72,"text":10144,"children":10688},[10689,10690,10691,10692],{"id":10152,"depth":94,"text":10153},{"id":10273,"depth":94,"text":10274},{"id":10331,"depth":94,"text":10332},{"id":10388,"depth":94,"text":10389},{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":10695},[10696,10698,10700,10702],{"id":10587,"depth":94,"text":10697},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":10602,"depth":94,"text":10699},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":10613,"depth":94,"text":10701},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":10623,"depth":94,"text":10703},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":8509,"description":10705},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":10712,"title":10713,"body":10714,"description":12221,"extension":1354,"meta":12222,"navigation":311,"path":12223,"seo":12224,"stem":12225,"__hash__":12226},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":10715,"toc":12190},[10716,10723,10729,10736,10738,10799,10804,10809,10814,10832,10835,10839,10841,10857,10859,10872,10874,10877,11011,11013,11080,11083,11099,11105,11111,11114,11196,11198,11212,11216,11222,11287,11289,11297,11300,11323,11329,11392,11398,11401,11415,11428,11432,11443,11448,11459,11466,11470,11476,11598,11600,11626,11629,11646,11649,11760,11762,11811,11813,11826,11835,11840,11845,11856,11858,11961,11984,11986,11990,12009,12012,12070,12073,12099,12101,12107,12110,12116,12120,12127,12135,12141,12144,12146,12187],[10,10717,10719,10720,18],{"id":10718},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,10721,10722],{},"clear()",[20,10724,10725,10728],{},[15,10726,10727],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,10730,10731,10732,10735],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[121,10733,10734],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[33,10737,36],{"id":35},[38,10739,10741],{"className":40,"code":10740,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,10742,10743,10775,10786],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10744,10745,10747,10749,10751,10753,10755,10757,10759,10761,10763,10765,10767,10769,10771,10773],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10746,8563],{"class":53},[47,10748,58],{"class":57},[47,10750,9890],{"class":83},[47,10752,253],{"class":61},[47,10754,154],{"class":65},[47,10756,253],{"class":61},[47,10758,1032],{"class":83},[47,10760,4898],{"class":586},[47,10762,590],{"class":83},[47,10764,62],{"class":61},[47,10766,4158],{"class":65},[47,10768,253],{"class":61},[47,10770,1032],{"class":83},[47,10772,2382],{"class":586},[47,10774,8707],{"class":83},[47,10776,10777,10779,10781,10784],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,10778,8602],{"class":53},[47,10780,84],{"class":83},[47,10782,10783],{"class":87},"clear",[47,10785,91],{"class":83},[47,10787,10788,10790,10792,10794,10796],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,10789,98],{"class":97},[47,10791,101],{"class":83},[47,10793,8602],{"class":87},[47,10795,3057],{"class":83},[47,10797,10798],{"class":113},"  # {}\n",[20,10800,10801,10803],{},[15,10802,10722],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[33,10805,128,10807,131],{"id":10806},"what-clear-does",[15,10808,10722],{},[20,10810,1371,10811,10813],{},[15,10812,10722],{}," method:",[133,10815,10816,10819,10822,10827],{},[136,10817,10818],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[136,10820,10821],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[136,10823,10824,10825],{},"Returns ",[15,10826,3174],{},[136,10828,10829,10830],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,10831,3188],{},[20,10833,10834],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,10836,8549,10837,84],{},[154,10838,8553],{"href":8552},[33,10840,166],{"id":165},[38,10842,10844],{"className":40,"code":10843,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,10845,10846],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10847,10848,10851,10853,10855],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10849,10850],{"class":53},"my_dict",[47,10852,84],{"class":83},[47,10854,10783],{"class":87},[47,10856,91],{"class":83},[20,10858,188],{},[133,10860,10861,10866,10869],{},[136,10862,10863,10865],{},[15,10864,10722],{}," takes no arguments",[136,10867,10868],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[136,10870,10871],{},"It empties that dictionary",[33,10873,268],{"id":267},[20,10875,10876],{},"Here is a basic example:",[38,10878,10880],{"className":40,"code":10879,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,10881,10882,10892,10913,10927,10944,10948,10952,10972,10976,10987,10991],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10883,10884,10887,10889],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10885,10886],{"class":53},"user ",[47,10888,58],{"class":57},[47,10890,10891],{"class":83}," {\n",[47,10893,10894,10897,10899,10901,10903,10905,10908,10910],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,10895,10896],{"class":61},"    \"",[47,10898,229],{"class":65},[47,10900,253],{"class":61},[47,10902,1032],{"class":83},[47,10904,62],{"class":61},[47,10906,10907],{"class":65},"Maya",[47,10909,253],{"class":61},[47,10911,10912],{"class":83},",\n",[47,10914,10915,10917,10919,10921,10923,10925],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,10916,10896],{"class":61},[47,10918,8697],{"class":65},[47,10920,253],{"class":61},[47,10922,1032],{"class":83},[47,10924,8704],{"class":586},[47,10926,10912],{"class":83},[47,10928,10929,10931,10933,10935,10937,10939,10942],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,10930,10896],{"class":61},[47,10932,9808],{"class":65},[47,10934,253],{"class":61},[47,10936,1032],{"class":83},[47,10938,62],{"class":61},[47,10940,10941],{"class":65},"Berlin",[47,10943,69],{"class":61},[47,10945,10946],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,10947,8707],{"class":83},[47,10949,10950],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,10951,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,10953,10954,10956,10958,10960,10963,10965,10967,10970],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,10955,98],{"class":97},[47,10957,101],{"class":83},[47,10959,253],{"class":61},[47,10961,10962],{"class":65},"Before:",[47,10964,253],{"class":61},[47,10966,590],{"class":83},[47,10968,10969],{"class":87}," user",[47,10971,107],{"class":83},[47,10973,10974],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,10975,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,10977,10978,10981,10983,10985],{"class":49,"line":5831},[47,10979,10980],{"class":53},"user",[47,10982,84],{"class":83},[47,10984,10783],{"class":87},[47,10986,91],{"class":83},[47,10988,10989],{"class":49,"line":5836},[47,10990,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,10992,10994,10996,10998,11000,11003,11005,11007,11009],{"class":49,"line":10993},11,[47,10995,98],{"class":97},[47,10997,101],{"class":83},[47,10999,253],{"class":61},[47,11001,11002],{"class":65},"After:",[47,11004,253],{"class":61},[47,11006,590],{"class":83},[47,11008,10969],{"class":87},[47,11010,107],{"class":83},[20,11012,4960],{},[38,11014,11016],{"className":40,"code":11015,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11017,11018,11071],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11019,11020,11023,11025,11027,11029,11031,11033,11035,11037,11039,11041,11043,11045,11047,11049,11051,11053,11055,11057,11059,11061,11063,11065,11067,11069],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11021,11022],{"class":53},"Before",[47,11024,1032],{"class":83},[47,11026,9890],{"class":83},[47,11028,2693],{"class":61},[47,11030,229],{"class":65},[47,11032,2693],{"class":61},[47,11034,1032],{"class":83},[47,11036,2688],{"class":61},[47,11038,10907],{"class":65},[47,11040,2693],{"class":61},[47,11042,590],{"class":83},[47,11044,2688],{"class":61},[47,11046,8697],{"class":65},[47,11048,2693],{"class":61},[47,11050,1032],{"class":83},[47,11052,8704],{"class":586},[47,11054,590],{"class":83},[47,11056,2688],{"class":61},[47,11058,9808],{"class":65},[47,11060,2693],{"class":61},[47,11062,1032],{"class":83},[47,11064,2688],{"class":61},[47,11066,10941],{"class":65},[47,11068,2693],{"class":61},[47,11070,8707],{"class":83},[47,11072,11073,11076,11078],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,11074,11075],{"class":53},"After",[47,11077,1032],{"class":83},[47,11079,9237],{"class":83},[20,11081,11082],{},"What happens here:",[133,11084,11085,11090,11096],{},[136,11086,11087,11089],{},[15,11088,10980],{}," starts with three items",[136,11091,11092,11095],{},[15,11093,11094],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[136,11097,11098],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[33,11100,128,11102,11104],{"id":11101},"what-clear-returns",[15,11103,10722],{}," returns",[20,11106,11107,1786,11109,84],{},[15,11108,10722],{},[15,11110,3174],{},[20,11112,11113],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[38,11115,11117],{"className":40,"code":11116,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11118,11119,11153,11157,11172,11176,11186],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11120,11121,11124,11126,11128,11130,11132,11134,11136,11138,11140,11142,11145,11147,11149,11151],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11122,11123],{"class":53},"my_dict ",[47,11125,58],{"class":57},[47,11127,9890],{"class":83},[47,11129,253],{"class":61},[47,11131,1567],{"class":65},[47,11133,253],{"class":61},[47,11135,1032],{"class":83},[47,11137,4898],{"class":586},[47,11139,590],{"class":83},[47,11141,62],{"class":61},[47,11143,11144],{"class":65},"y",[47,11146,253],{"class":61},[47,11148,1032],{"class":83},[47,11150,2382],{"class":586},[47,11152,8707],{"class":83},[47,11154,11155],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,11156,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,11158,11159,11161,11163,11166,11168,11170],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,11160,75],{"class":53},[47,11162,58],{"class":57},[47,11164,11165],{"class":53}," my_dict",[47,11167,84],{"class":83},[47,11169,10783],{"class":87},[47,11171,91],{"class":83},[47,11173,11174],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,11175,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,11177,11178,11180,11182,11184],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,11179,98],{"class":97},[47,11181,101],{"class":83},[47,11183,104],{"class":87},[47,11185,107],{"class":83},[47,11187,11188,11190,11192,11194],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,11189,98],{"class":97},[47,11191,101],{"class":83},[47,11193,10850],{"class":87},[47,11195,107],{"class":83},[20,11197,338],{},[38,11199,11201],{"className":40,"code":11200,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"None\n{}\n",[15,11202,11203,11208],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11204,11205],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11206,11207],{"class":1271},"None\n",[47,11209,11210],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,11211,8833],{"class":83},[724,11213,11215],{"id":11214},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11217,11218,11219,11221],{},"Do ",[121,11220,123],{}," do this:",[38,11223,11225],{"className":40,"code":11224,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11226,11227,11259,11273,11277],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11228,11229,11231,11233,11235,11237,11239,11241,11243,11245,11247,11249,11251,11253,11255,11257],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11230,11123],{"class":53},[47,11232,58],{"class":57},[47,11234,9890],{"class":83},[47,11236,253],{"class":61},[47,11238,1567],{"class":65},[47,11240,253],{"class":61},[47,11242,1032],{"class":83},[47,11244,4898],{"class":586},[47,11246,590],{"class":83},[47,11248,62],{"class":61},[47,11250,11144],{"class":65},[47,11252,253],{"class":61},[47,11254,1032],{"class":83},[47,11256,2382],{"class":586},[47,11258,8707],{"class":83},[47,11260,11261,11263,11265,11267,11269,11271],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,11262,11123],{"class":53},[47,11264,58],{"class":57},[47,11266,11165],{"class":53},[47,11268,84],{"class":83},[47,11270,10783],{"class":87},[47,11272,91],{"class":83},[47,11274,11275],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,11276,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,11278,11279,11281,11283,11285],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,11280,98],{"class":97},[47,11282,101],{"class":83},[47,11284,10850],{"class":87},[47,11286,107],{"class":83},[20,11288,338],{},[38,11290,11291],{"className":40,"code":11207,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,11292,11293],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11294,11295],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11296,11207],{"class":1271},[20,11298,11299],{},"Why this happens:",[133,11301,11302,11308,11313],{},[136,11303,11304,11307],{},[15,11305,11306],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[136,11309,11310,11311],{},"The method returns ",[15,11312,3174],{},[136,11314,11315,11316,11319,11320,11322],{},"Then ",[15,11317,11318],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,11321,3174],{}," in the variable",[20,11324,11325,11326,11328],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,11327,10722],{}," by itself:",[38,11330,11332],{"className":40,"code":11331,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,11333,11334,11366,11376,11380],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11335,11336,11338,11340,11342,11344,11346,11348,11350,11352,11354,11356,11358,11360,11362,11364],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11337,11123],{"class":53},[47,11339,58],{"class":57},[47,11341,9890],{"class":83},[47,11343,253],{"class":61},[47,11345,1567],{"class":65},[47,11347,253],{"class":61},[47,11349,1032],{"class":83},[47,11351,4898],{"class":586},[47,11353,590],{"class":83},[47,11355,62],{"class":61},[47,11357,11144],{"class":65},[47,11359,253],{"class":61},[47,11361,1032],{"class":83},[47,11363,2382],{"class":586},[47,11365,8707],{"class":83},[47,11367,11368,11370,11372,11374],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,11369,10850],{"class":53},[47,11371,84],{"class":83},[47,11373,10783],{"class":87},[47,11375,91],{"class":83},[47,11377,11378],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,11379,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,11381,11382,11384,11386,11388,11390],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,11383,98],{"class":97},[47,11385,101],{"class":83},[47,11387,10850],{"class":87},[47,11389,3057],{"class":83},[47,11391,10798],{"class":113},[33,11393,11395,11397],{"id":11394},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,11396,10722],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,11399,11400],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[38,11402,11403],{"className":40,"code":10843,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,11404,11405],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11406,11407,11409,11411,11413],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11408,10850],{"class":53},[47,11410,84],{"class":83},[47,11412,10783],{"class":87},[47,11414,91],{"class":83},[38,11416,11418],{"className":40,"code":11417,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,11419,11420],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11421,11422,11424,11426],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11423,11123],{"class":53},[47,11425,58],{"class":57},[47,11427,9237],{"class":83},[724,11429,11430],{"id":10783},[15,11431,10722],{},[133,11433,11434,11437,11440],{},[136,11435,11436],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[136,11438,11439],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[136,11441,11442],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[724,11444,11445],{"id":10850},[15,11446,11447],{},"my_dict = {}",[133,11449,11450,11453,11456],{},[136,11451,11452],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[136,11454,11455],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[136,11457,11458],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,11460,11461,11462,84],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[154,11463,11465],{"href":11464},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[33,11467,11469],{"id":11468},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,11471,11472,11473,11475],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,11474,10722],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[38,11477,11479],{"className":40,"code":11478,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11480,11481,11514,11524,11528,11539,11543,11563,11583],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11482,11483,11486,11488,11490,11492,11494,11496,11498,11500,11502,11504,11506,11508,11510,11512],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11484,11485],{"class":53},"original ",[47,11487,58],{"class":57},[47,11489,9890],{"class":83},[47,11491,253],{"class":61},[47,11493,154],{"class":65},[47,11495,253],{"class":61},[47,11497,1032],{"class":83},[47,11499,4898],{"class":586},[47,11501,590],{"class":83},[47,11503,62],{"class":61},[47,11505,4158],{"class":65},[47,11507,253],{"class":61},[47,11509,1032],{"class":83},[47,11511,2382],{"class":586},[47,11513,8707],{"class":83},[47,11515,11516,11519,11521],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,11517,11518],{"class":53},"other_ref ",[47,11520,58],{"class":57},[47,11522,11523],{"class":53}," original\n",[47,11525,11526],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,11527,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,11529,11530,11533,11535,11537],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,11531,11532],{"class":53},"original",[47,11534,84],{"class":83},[47,11536,10783],{"class":87},[47,11538,91],{"class":83},[47,11540,11541],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,11542,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,11544,11545,11547,11549,11551,11554,11556,11558,11561],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,11546,98],{"class":97},[47,11548,101],{"class":83},[47,11550,253],{"class":61},[47,11552,11553],{"class":65},"original:",[47,11555,253],{"class":61},[47,11557,590],{"class":83},[47,11559,11560],{"class":87}," original",[47,11562,107],{"class":83},[47,11564,11565,11567,11569,11571,11574,11576,11578,11581],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,11566,98],{"class":97},[47,11568,101],{"class":83},[47,11570,253],{"class":61},[47,11572,11573],{"class":65},"other_ref:",[47,11575,253],{"class":61},[47,11577,590],{"class":83},[47,11579,11580],{"class":87}," other_ref",[47,11582,107],{"class":83},[47,11584,11585,11587,11589,11591,11594,11596],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,11586,98],{"class":97},[47,11588,101],{"class":83},[47,11590,11485],{"class":87},[47,11592,11593],{"class":655},"is",[47,11595,11580],{"class":87},[47,11597,107],{"class":83},[20,11599,338],{},[38,11601,11603],{"className":40,"code":11602,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,11604,11605,11613,11622],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11606,11607,11609,11611],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11608,11532],{"class":53},[47,11610,1032],{"class":83},[47,11612,9237],{"class":83},[47,11614,11615,11618,11620],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,11616,11617],{"class":53},"other_ref",[47,11619,1032],{"class":83},[47,11621,9237],{"class":83},[47,11623,11624],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,11625,1264],{"class":1271},[20,11627,11628],{},"This shows:",[133,11630,11631,11638,11643],{},[136,11632,11633,1063,11635,11637],{},[15,11634,11532],{},[15,11636,11617],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[136,11639,11640,11642],{},[15,11641,10722],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[136,11644,11645],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,11647,11648],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[38,11650,11652],{"className":40,"code":11651,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11653,11654,11686,11694,11698,11706,11710,11728,11746],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11655,11656,11658,11660,11662,11664,11666,11668,11670,11672,11674,11676,11678,11680,11682,11684],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11657,11485],{"class":53},[47,11659,58],{"class":57},[47,11661,9890],{"class":83},[47,11663,253],{"class":61},[47,11665,154],{"class":65},[47,11667,253],{"class":61},[47,11669,1032],{"class":83},[47,11671,4898],{"class":586},[47,11673,590],{"class":83},[47,11675,62],{"class":61},[47,11677,4158],{"class":65},[47,11679,253],{"class":61},[47,11681,1032],{"class":83},[47,11683,2382],{"class":586},[47,11685,8707],{"class":83},[47,11687,11688,11690,11692],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,11689,11518],{"class":53},[47,11691,58],{"class":57},[47,11693,11523],{"class":53},[47,11695,11696],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,11697,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,11699,11700,11702,11704],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,11701,11485],{"class":53},[47,11703,58],{"class":57},[47,11705,9237],{"class":83},[47,11707,11708],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,11709,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,11711,11712,11714,11716,11718,11720,11722,11724,11726],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,11713,98],{"class":97},[47,11715,101],{"class":83},[47,11717,253],{"class":61},[47,11719,11553],{"class":65},[47,11721,253],{"class":61},[47,11723,590],{"class":83},[47,11725,11560],{"class":87},[47,11727,107],{"class":83},[47,11729,11730,11732,11734,11736,11738,11740,11742,11744],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,11731,98],{"class":97},[47,11733,101],{"class":83},[47,11735,253],{"class":61},[47,11737,11573],{"class":65},[47,11739,253],{"class":61},[47,11741,590],{"class":83},[47,11743,11580],{"class":87},[47,11745,107],{"class":83},[47,11747,11748,11750,11752,11754,11756,11758],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,11749,98],{"class":97},[47,11751,101],{"class":83},[47,11753,11485],{"class":87},[47,11755,11593],{"class":655},[47,11757,11580],{"class":87},[47,11759,107],{"class":83},[20,11761,338],{},[38,11763,11765],{"className":40,"code":11764,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,11766,11767,11775,11807],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11768,11769,11771,11773],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11770,11532],{"class":53},[47,11772,1032],{"class":83},[47,11774,9237],{"class":83},[47,11776,11777,11779,11781,11783,11785,11787,11789,11791,11793,11795,11797,11799,11801,11803,11805],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,11778,11617],{"class":53},[47,11780,1032],{"class":83},[47,11782,9890],{"class":83},[47,11784,2693],{"class":61},[47,11786,154],{"class":65},[47,11788,2693],{"class":61},[47,11790,1032],{"class":83},[47,11792,4898],{"class":586},[47,11794,590],{"class":83},[47,11796,2688],{"class":61},[47,11798,4158],{"class":65},[47,11800,2693],{"class":61},[47,11802,1032],{"class":83},[47,11804,2382],{"class":586},[47,11806,8707],{"class":83},[47,11808,11809],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,11810,3436],{"class":1271},[20,11812,1572],{},[133,11814,11815,11821],{},[136,11816,11817,11820],{},[15,11818,11819],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[136,11822,11823,11825],{},[15,11824,11617],{}," still points to the old one",[20,11827,11828,11829,84],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[154,11830,11832],{"href":11831},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,11833,11834],{},"dict.copy()",[33,11836,603,11838],{"id":11837},"when-to-use-clear",[15,11839,10722],{},[20,11841,11842,11844],{},[15,11843,10722],{}," is useful when you want to:",[133,11846,11847,11850,11853],{},[136,11848,11849],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[136,11851,11852],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[136,11854,11855],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,11857,538],{},[38,11859,11861],{"className":40,"code":11860,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,11862,11863,11872,11888,11908,11921,11925,11929,11934,11945,11949],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11864,11865,11868,11870],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11866,11867],{"class":53},"session_data ",[47,11869,58],{"class":57},[47,11871,10891],{"class":83},[47,11873,11874,11876,11879,11881,11883,11886],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,11875,10896],{"class":61},[47,11877,11878],{"class":65},"user_id",[47,11880,253],{"class":61},[47,11882,1032],{"class":83},[47,11884,11885],{"class":586}," 101",[47,11887,10912],{"class":83},[47,11889,11890,11892,11895,11897,11899,11901,11904,11906],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,11891,10896],{"class":61},[47,11893,11894],{"class":65},"theme",[47,11896,253],{"class":61},[47,11898,1032],{"class":83},[47,11900,62],{"class":61},[47,11902,11903],{"class":65},"dark",[47,11905,253],{"class":61},[47,11907,10912],{"class":83},[47,11909,11910,11912,11915,11917,11919],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,11911,10896],{"class":61},[47,11913,11914],{"class":65},"logged_in",[47,11916,253],{"class":61},[47,11918,1032],{"class":83},[47,11920,5822],{"class":1271},[47,11922,11923],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,11924,8707],{"class":83},[47,11926,11927],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,11928,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,11930,11931],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,11932,11933],{"class":113},"# Reset for a new session\n",[47,11935,11936,11939,11941,11943],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,11937,11938],{"class":53},"session_data",[47,11940,84],{"class":83},[47,11942,10783],{"class":87},[47,11944,91],{"class":83},[47,11946,11947],{"class":49,"line":5831},[47,11948,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,11950,11951,11953,11955,11957,11959],{"class":49,"line":5836},[47,11952,98],{"class":97},[47,11954,101],{"class":83},[47,11956,11938],{"class":87},[47,11958,3057],{"class":83},[47,11960,10798],{"class":113},[20,11962,11963,11964,11970,11971,84,11975,11977,11978,84],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[154,11965,11967],{"href":11966},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,11968,11969],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[154,11972,11974],{"href":11973},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9245,11976],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[154,11979,11981],{"href":11980},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,11982,11983],{},"dict.popitem()",[33,11985,722],{"id":721},[20,11987,10147,11988,1032],{},[15,11989,10722],{},[133,11991,11992,11998,12003,12006],{},[136,11993,11994,11995,11997],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,11996,10722],{}," to a variable",[136,11999,7852,12000,12002],{},[15,12001,10722],{}," to return a new dictionary",[136,12004,12005],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[136,12007,12008],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12010,12011],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[38,12013,12015],{"className":40,"code":12014,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12016,12017,12027,12041,12056],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12018,12019,12021,12023,12025],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12020,98],{"class":97},[47,12022,101],{"class":83},[47,12024,10850],{"class":87},[47,12026,107],{"class":83},[47,12028,12029,12031,12033,12035,12037,12039],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,12030,98],{"class":97},[47,12032,101],{"class":83},[47,12034,2613],{"class":919},[47,12036,101],{"class":83},[47,12038,10850],{"class":87},[47,12040,1419],{"class":83},[47,12042,12043,12045,12047,12050,12052,12054],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,12044,98],{"class":97},[47,12046,101],{"class":83},[47,12048,12049],{"class":97},"id",[47,12051,101],{"class":83},[47,12053,10850],{"class":87},[47,12055,1419],{"class":83},[47,12057,12058,12060,12062,12064,12066,12068],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,12059,98],{"class":97},[47,12061,101],{"class":83},[47,12063,11518],{"class":87},[47,12065,11593],{"class":655},[47,12067,11165],{"class":87},[47,12069,107],{"class":83},[20,12071,12072],{},"What these show:",[133,12074,12075,12081,12087,12093],{},[136,12076,12077,12080],{},[15,12078,12079],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[136,12082,12083,12086],{},[15,12084,12085],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[136,12088,12089,12092],{},[15,12090,12091],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[136,12094,12095,12098],{},[15,12096,12097],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[33,12100,1155],{"id":1154},[724,12102,1159,12104,12106],{"id":12103},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,12105,10722],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12108,12109],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[724,12111,4540,12113,12115],{"id":12112},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12114,10727],{}," return?",[20,12117,4546,12118,84],{},[15,12119,3174],{},[724,12121,4578,12123,1063,12125,1883],{"id":12122},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12124,10722],{},[15,12126,3188],{},[20,12128,12129,12131,12132,12134],{},[15,12130,10722],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12133,3188],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[724,12136,1159,12138,12140],{"id":12137},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12139,10722],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12142,12143],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[33,12145,1275],{"id":1274},[133,12147,12148,12152,12156,12163,12170,12177,12182],{},[136,12149,12150],{},[154,12151,8553],{"href":8552},[136,12153,12154],{},[154,12155,10643],{"href":8789},[136,12157,12158],{},[154,12159,10137,12160,1289],{"href":11966},[15,12161,12162],{},"pop()",[136,12164,12165],{},[154,12166,10137,12167,1289],{"href":11980},[15,12168,12169],{},"popitem()",[136,12171,12172],{},[154,12173,10137,12174,1289],{"href":11831},[15,12175,12176],{},"copy()",[136,12178,12179],{},[154,12180,12181],{"href":11464},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[136,12183,12184],{},[154,12185,12186],{"href":11973},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1320,12188,12189],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":12191},[12192,12193,12195,12196,12197,12201,12206,12207,12209,12210,12220],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":10806,"depth":72,"text":12194},"What clear() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":267,"depth":72,"text":268},{"id":11101,"depth":72,"text":12198,"children":12199},"What clear() returns",[12200],{"id":11214,"depth":94,"text":11215},{"id":11394,"depth":72,"text":12202,"children":12203},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12204,12205],{"id":10783,"depth":94,"text":10722},{"id":10850,"depth":94,"text":11447},{"id":11468,"depth":72,"text":11469},{"id":11837,"depth":72,"text":12208},"When to use clear()",{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":12211},[12212,12214,12216,12218],{"id":12103,"depth":94,"text":12213},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12112,"depth":94,"text":12215},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12122,"depth":94,"text":12217},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12137,"depth":94,"text":12219},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":10713,"description":12221},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12228,"title":12229,"body":12230,"description":14399,"extension":1354,"meta":14400,"navigation":311,"path":14401,"seo":14402,"stem":14403,"__hash__":14404},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12231,"toc":14371},[12232,12237,12242,12252,12254,12343,12347,12388,12393,12400,12418,12427,12429,12450,12453,12465,12467,12546,12550,12591,12593,12596,12724,12728,12808,12811,12829,12832,12836,12842,12844,12855,12857,13052,13056,13162,13165,13183,13186,13193,13198,13202,13216,13218,13345,13349,13429,13442,13448,13451,13459,13463,13589,13593,13667,13672,13803,13807,13881,13884,13898,13902,13906,13920,13922,14058,14062,14131,14133,14138,14160,14163,14270,14273,14284,14291,14293,14299,14302,14309,14312,14319,14327,14331,14334,14336,14368],[10,12233,10719,12235,18],{"id":12234},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12236,12176],{},[20,12238,12239,12241],{},[15,12240,11834],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12243,12244,12245,12247,12248,12251],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12246,12176],{}," makes a ",[121,12249,12250],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[33,12253,36],{"id":35},[38,12255,12257],{"className":40,"code":12256,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12258,12259,12297,12314,12318,12329],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12260,12261,12264,12266,12268,12270,12272,12274,12276,12278,12281,12283,12285,12287,12289,12291,12293,12295],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12262,12263],{"class":53},"student ",[47,12265,58],{"class":57},[47,12267,9890],{"class":83},[47,12269,253],{"class":61},[47,12271,229],{"class":65},[47,12273,253],{"class":61},[47,12275,1032],{"class":83},[47,12277,62],{"class":61},[47,12279,12280],{"class":65},"Ana",[47,12282,253],{"class":61},[47,12284,590],{"class":83},[47,12286,62],{"class":61},[47,12288,8697],{"class":65},[47,12290,253],{"class":61},[47,12292,1032],{"class":83},[47,12294,7189],{"class":586},[47,12296,8707],{"class":83},[47,12298,12299,12302,12304,12307,12309,12312],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,12300,12301],{"class":53},"student_copy ",[47,12303,58],{"class":57},[47,12305,12306],{"class":53}," student",[47,12308,84],{"class":83},[47,12310,12311],{"class":87},"copy",[47,12313,91],{"class":83},[47,12315,12316],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,12317,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,12319,12320,12322,12324,12327],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,12321,98],{"class":97},[47,12323,101],{"class":83},[47,12325,12326],{"class":87},"student_copy",[47,12328,107],{"class":83},[47,12330,12331,12333,12335,12337,12339,12341],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,12332,98],{"class":97},[47,12334,101],{"class":83},[47,12336,12301],{"class":87},[47,12338,11593],{"class":655},[47,12340,12306],{"class":87},[47,12342,107],{"class":83},[20,12344,12345],{},[121,12346,338],{},[38,12348,12350],{"className":40,"code":12349,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,12351,12352,12384],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12353,12354,12356,12358,12360,12362,12364,12366,12368,12370,12372,12374,12376,12378,12380,12382],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12355,8676],{"class":83},[47,12357,2693],{"class":61},[47,12359,229],{"class":65},[47,12361,2693],{"class":61},[47,12363,1032],{"class":83},[47,12365,2688],{"class":61},[47,12367,12280],{"class":65},[47,12369,2693],{"class":61},[47,12371,590],{"class":83},[47,12373,2688],{"class":61},[47,12375,8697],{"class":65},[47,12377,2693],{"class":61},[47,12379,1032],{"class":83},[47,12381,7189],{"class":586},[47,12383,8707],{"class":83},[47,12385,12386],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,12387,3436],{"class":1271},[20,12389,1486,12390,12392],{},[15,12391,12176],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[33,12394,12396,12397,12399],{"id":12395},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,12398,12176],{}," method does",[133,12401,12402,12407,12410,12415],{},[136,12403,12404,12406],{},[15,12405,11834],{}," returns a new dictionary",[136,12408,12409],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[136,12411,12412,12413],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,12414,12176],{},[136,12416,12417],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,12419,12420,12421,158,12424,84],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[154,12422,8553],{"href":12423},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[154,12425,8790],{"href":12426},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[33,12428,166],{"id":165},[38,12430,12432],{"className":40,"code":12431,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,12433,12434],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12435,12436,12439,12441,12444,12446,12448],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12437,12438],{"class":53},"new_dict ",[47,12440,58],{"class":57},[47,12442,12443],{"class":53}," old_dict",[47,12445,84],{"class":83},[47,12447,12311],{"class":87},[47,12449,91],{"class":83},[20,12451,12452],{},"Key points:",[133,12454,12455,12459,12462],{},[136,12456,12457,10865],{},[15,12458,12176],{},[136,12460,12461],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[136,12463,12464],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,12466,538],{},[38,12468,12470],{"className":40,"code":12469,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,12471,12472,12515,12531,12535],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12473,12474,12477,12479,12481,12483,12485,12487,12489,12491,12494,12496,12498,12500,12502,12504,12506,12508,12511,12513],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12475,12476],{"class":53},"colors ",[47,12478,58],{"class":57},[47,12480,9890],{"class":83},[47,12482,253],{"class":61},[47,12484,154],{"class":65},[47,12486,253],{"class":61},[47,12488,1032],{"class":83},[47,12490,62],{"class":61},[47,12492,12493],{"class":65},"red",[47,12495,253],{"class":61},[47,12497,590],{"class":83},[47,12499,62],{"class":61},[47,12501,4158],{"class":65},[47,12503,253],{"class":61},[47,12505,1032],{"class":83},[47,12507,62],{"class":61},[47,12509,12510],{"class":65},"blue",[47,12512,253],{"class":61},[47,12514,8707],{"class":83},[47,12516,12517,12520,12522,12525,12527,12529],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,12518,12519],{"class":53},"new_colors ",[47,12521,58],{"class":57},[47,12523,12524],{"class":53}," colors",[47,12526,84],{"class":83},[47,12528,12311],{"class":87},[47,12530,91],{"class":83},[47,12532,12533],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,12534,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,12536,12537,12539,12541,12544],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,12538,98],{"class":97},[47,12540,101],{"class":83},[47,12542,12543],{"class":87},"new_colors",[47,12545,107],{"class":83},[20,12547,12548],{},[121,12549,338],{},[38,12551,12553],{"className":40,"code":12552,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,12554,12555],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12556,12557,12559,12561,12563,12565,12567,12569,12571,12573,12575,12577,12579,12581,12583,12585,12587,12589],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12558,8676],{"class":83},[47,12560,2693],{"class":61},[47,12562,154],{"class":65},[47,12564,2693],{"class":61},[47,12566,1032],{"class":83},[47,12568,2688],{"class":61},[47,12570,12493],{"class":65},[47,12572,2693],{"class":61},[47,12574,590],{"class":83},[47,12576,2688],{"class":61},[47,12578,4158],{"class":65},[47,12580,2693],{"class":61},[47,12582,1032],{"class":83},[47,12584,2688],{"class":61},[47,12586,12510],{"class":65},[47,12588,2693],{"class":61},[47,12590,8707],{"class":83},[33,12592,268],{"id":267},[20,12594,12595],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[38,12597,12599],{"className":40,"code":12598,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,12600,12601,12639,12655,12659,12681,12685,12704],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12602,12603,12606,12608,12610,12612,12614,12616,12618,12620,12623,12625,12627,12629,12631,12633,12635,12637],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12604,12605],{"class":53},"person ",[47,12607,58],{"class":57},[47,12609,9890],{"class":83},[47,12611,253],{"class":61},[47,12613,229],{"class":65},[47,12615,253],{"class":61},[47,12617,1032],{"class":83},[47,12619,62],{"class":61},[47,12621,12622],{"class":65},"Liam",[47,12624,253],{"class":61},[47,12626,590],{"class":83},[47,12628,62],{"class":61},[47,12630,8697],{"class":65},[47,12632,253],{"class":61},[47,12634,1032],{"class":83},[47,12636,8704],{"class":586},[47,12638,8707],{"class":83},[47,12640,12641,12644,12646,12649,12651,12653],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,12642,12643],{"class":53},"person_copy ",[47,12645,58],{"class":57},[47,12647,12648],{"class":53}," person",[47,12650,84],{"class":83},[47,12652,12311],{"class":87},[47,12654,91],{"class":83},[47,12656,12657],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,12658,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,12660,12661,12664,12666,12668,12670,12672,12675,12678],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,12662,12663],{"class":53},"person_copy",[47,12665,3296],{"class":83},[47,12667,253],{"class":61},[47,12669,8697],{"class":65},[47,12671,253],{"class":61},[47,12673,12674],{"class":83},"]",[47,12676,12677],{"class":57}," =",[47,12679,12680],{"class":586}," 26\n",[47,12682,12683],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,12684,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,12686,12687,12689,12691,12693,12696,12698,12700,12702],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,12688,98],{"class":97},[47,12690,101],{"class":83},[47,12692,253],{"class":61},[47,12694,12695],{"class":65},"Original:",[47,12697,253],{"class":61},[47,12699,590],{"class":83},[47,12701,12648],{"class":87},[47,12703,107],{"class":83},[47,12705,12706,12708,12710,12712,12715,12717,12719,12722],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,12707,98],{"class":97},[47,12709,101],{"class":83},[47,12711,253],{"class":61},[47,12713,12714],{"class":65},"Copy:",[47,12716,253],{"class":61},[47,12718,590],{"class":83},[47,12720,12721],{"class":87}," person_copy",[47,12723,107],{"class":83},[20,12725,12726],{},[121,12727,338],{},[38,12729,12731],{"className":40,"code":12730,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,12732,12733,12770],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12734,12735,12738,12740,12742,12744,12746,12748,12750,12752,12754,12756,12758,12760,12762,12764,12766,12768],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12736,12737],{"class":53},"Original",[47,12739,1032],{"class":83},[47,12741,9890],{"class":83},[47,12743,2693],{"class":61},[47,12745,229],{"class":65},[47,12747,2693],{"class":61},[47,12749,1032],{"class":83},[47,12751,2688],{"class":61},[47,12753,12622],{"class":65},[47,12755,2693],{"class":61},[47,12757,590],{"class":83},[47,12759,2688],{"class":61},[47,12761,8697],{"class":65},[47,12763,2693],{"class":61},[47,12765,1032],{"class":83},[47,12767,8704],{"class":586},[47,12769,8707],{"class":83},[47,12771,12772,12775,12777,12779,12781,12783,12785,12787,12789,12791,12793,12795,12797,12799,12801,12803,12806],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,12773,12774],{"class":53},"Copy",[47,12776,1032],{"class":83},[47,12778,9890],{"class":83},[47,12780,2693],{"class":61},[47,12782,229],{"class":65},[47,12784,2693],{"class":61},[47,12786,1032],{"class":83},[47,12788,2688],{"class":61},[47,12790,12622],{"class":65},[47,12792,2693],{"class":61},[47,12794,590],{"class":83},[47,12796,2688],{"class":61},[47,12798,8697],{"class":65},[47,12800,2693],{"class":61},[47,12802,1032],{"class":83},[47,12804,12805],{"class":586}," 26",[47,12807,8707],{"class":83},[20,12809,12810],{},"What happened here:",[133,12812,12813,12819,12826],{},[136,12814,12815,12818],{},[15,12816,12817],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[136,12820,12821,12822,12825],{},"Changing ",[15,12823,12824],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[136,12827,12828],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,12830,12831],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[33,12833,12835],{"id":12834},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,12837,12838,12247,12840,84],{},[15,12839,12176],{},[121,12841,12250],{},[20,12843,1501],{},[133,12845,12846,12849,12852],{},[136,12847,12848],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[136,12850,12851],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[136,12853,12854],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,12856,538],{},[38,12858,12860],{"className":40,"code":12859,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,12861,12862,12870,12888,12911,12915,12919,12933,12937,12962,12966,12984,13003,13018],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12863,12864,12866,12868],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12865,12263],{"class":53},[47,12867,58],{"class":57},[47,12869,10891],{"class":83},[47,12871,12872,12874,12876,12878,12880,12882,12884,12886],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,12873,10896],{"class":61},[47,12875,229],{"class":65},[47,12877,253],{"class":61},[47,12879,1032],{"class":83},[47,12881,62],{"class":61},[47,12883,12280],{"class":65},[47,12885,253],{"class":61},[47,12887,10912],{"class":83},[47,12889,12890,12892,12895,12897,12899,12901,12904,12906,12909],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,12891,10896],{"class":61},[47,12893,12894],{"class":65},"grades",[47,12896,253],{"class":61},[47,12898,1032],{"class":83},[47,12900,3017],{"class":83},[47,12902,12903],{"class":586},"90",[47,12905,590],{"class":83},[47,12907,12908],{"class":586}," 85",[47,12910,3030],{"class":83},[47,12912,12913],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,12914,8707],{"class":83},[47,12916,12917],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,12918,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,12920,12921,12923,12925,12927,12929,12931],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,12922,12301],{"class":53},[47,12924,58],{"class":57},[47,12926,12306],{"class":53},[47,12928,84],{"class":83},[47,12930,12311],{"class":87},[47,12932,91],{"class":83},[47,12934,12935],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,12936,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,12938,12939,12941,12943,12945,12947,12949,12952,12955,12957,12960],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,12940,12326],{"class":53},[47,12942,3296],{"class":83},[47,12944,253],{"class":61},[47,12946,12894],{"class":65},[47,12948,253],{"class":61},[47,12950,12951],{"class":83},"].",[47,12953,12954],{"class":87},"append",[47,12956,101],{"class":83},[47,12958,12959],{"class":586},"100",[47,12961,107],{"class":83},[47,12963,12964],{"class":49,"line":5831},[47,12965,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,12967,12968,12970,12972,12974,12976,12978,12980,12982],{"class":49,"line":5836},[47,12969,98],{"class":97},[47,12971,101],{"class":83},[47,12973,253],{"class":61},[47,12975,12695],{"class":65},[47,12977,253],{"class":61},[47,12979,590],{"class":83},[47,12981,12306],{"class":87},[47,12983,107],{"class":83},[47,12985,12986,12988,12990,12992,12994,12996,12998,13001],{"class":49,"line":10993},[47,12987,98],{"class":97},[47,12989,101],{"class":83},[47,12991,253],{"class":61},[47,12993,12714],{"class":65},[47,12995,253],{"class":61},[47,12997,590],{"class":83},[47,12999,13000],{"class":87}," student_copy",[47,13002,107],{"class":83},[47,13004,13006,13008,13010,13012,13014,13016],{"class":49,"line":13005},12,[47,13007,98],{"class":97},[47,13009,101],{"class":83},[47,13011,12263],{"class":87},[47,13013,11593],{"class":655},[47,13015,13000],{"class":87},[47,13017,107],{"class":83},[47,13019,13021,13023,13025,13028,13030,13032,13034,13036,13038,13040,13042,13044,13046,13048,13050],{"class":49,"line":13020},13,[47,13022,98],{"class":97},[47,13024,101],{"class":83},[47,13026,13027],{"class":87},"student",[47,13029,3296],{"class":83},[47,13031,253],{"class":61},[47,13033,12894],{"class":65},[47,13035,253],{"class":61},[47,13037,12674],{"class":83},[47,13039,7495],{"class":655},[47,13041,13000],{"class":87},[47,13043,3296],{"class":83},[47,13045,253],{"class":61},[47,13047,12894],{"class":65},[47,13049,253],{"class":61},[47,13051,3284],{"class":83},[20,13053,13054],{},[121,13055,338],{},[38,13057,13059],{"className":40,"code":13058,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13060,13061,13108,13154,13158],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13062,13063,13065,13067,13069,13071,13073,13075,13077,13079,13081,13083,13085,13087,13089,13091,13093,13095,13097,13099,13101,13103,13105],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13064,12737],{"class":53},[47,13066,1032],{"class":83},[47,13068,9890],{"class":83},[47,13070,2693],{"class":61},[47,13072,229],{"class":65},[47,13074,2693],{"class":61},[47,13076,1032],{"class":83},[47,13078,2688],{"class":61},[47,13080,12280],{"class":65},[47,13082,2693],{"class":61},[47,13084,590],{"class":83},[47,13086,2688],{"class":61},[47,13088,12894],{"class":65},[47,13090,2693],{"class":61},[47,13092,1032],{"class":83},[47,13094,3017],{"class":83},[47,13096,12903],{"class":586},[47,13098,590],{"class":83},[47,13100,12908],{"class":586},[47,13102,590],{"class":83},[47,13104,9517],{"class":586},[47,13106,13107],{"class":83},"]}\n",[47,13109,13110,13112,13114,13116,13118,13120,13122,13124,13126,13128,13130,13132,13134,13136,13138,13140,13142,13144,13146,13148,13150,13152],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,13111,12774],{"class":53},[47,13113,1032],{"class":83},[47,13115,9890],{"class":83},[47,13117,2693],{"class":61},[47,13119,229],{"class":65},[47,13121,2693],{"class":61},[47,13123,1032],{"class":83},[47,13125,2688],{"class":61},[47,13127,12280],{"class":65},[47,13129,2693],{"class":61},[47,13131,590],{"class":83},[47,13133,2688],{"class":61},[47,13135,12894],{"class":65},[47,13137,2693],{"class":61},[47,13139,1032],{"class":83},[47,13141,3017],{"class":83},[47,13143,12903],{"class":586},[47,13145,590],{"class":83},[47,13147,12908],{"class":586},[47,13149,590],{"class":83},[47,13151,9517],{"class":586},[47,13153,13107],{"class":83},[47,13155,13156],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,13157,3436],{"class":1271},[47,13159,13160],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,13161,1264],{"class":1271},[20,13163,13164],{},"Notice the difference:",[133,13166,13167,13175],{},[136,13168,13169,4181,13172,13174],{},[15,13170,13171],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13173,3070],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[136,13176,13177,4181,13180,13182],{},[15,13178,13179],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13181,2997],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13184,13185],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13187,13188,13189,84],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[154,13190,13192],{"href":13191},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[33,13194,603,13196],{"id":13195},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13197,12176],{},[20,13199,1486,13200,10001],{},[15,13201,12176],{},[133,13203,13204,13207,13210,13213],{},[136,13205,13206],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[136,13208,13209],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[136,13211,13212],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[136,13214,13215],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13217,538],{},[38,13219,13221],{"className":40,"code":13220,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13222,13223,13262,13278,13282,13302,13306,13325],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13224,13225,13228,13230,13232,13234,13236,13238,13240,13242,13244,13246,13248,13250,13253,13255,13257,13260],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13226,13227],{"class":53},"settings ",[47,13229,58],{"class":57},[47,13231,9890],{"class":83},[47,13233,253],{"class":61},[47,13235,11894],{"class":65},[47,13237,253],{"class":61},[47,13239,1032],{"class":83},[47,13241,62],{"class":61},[47,13243,11903],{"class":65},[47,13245,253],{"class":61},[47,13247,590],{"class":83},[47,13249,62],{"class":61},[47,13251,13252],{"class":65},"font_size",[47,13254,253],{"class":61},[47,13256,1032],{"class":83},[47,13258,13259],{"class":586}," 14",[47,13261,8707],{"class":83},[47,13263,13264,13267,13269,13272,13274,13276],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,13265,13266],{"class":53},"settings_backup ",[47,13268,58],{"class":57},[47,13270,13271],{"class":53}," settings",[47,13273,84],{"class":83},[47,13275,12311],{"class":87},[47,13277,91],{"class":83},[47,13279,13280],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,13281,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,13283,13284,13287,13289,13291,13293,13295,13297,13299],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,13285,13286],{"class":53},"settings",[47,13288,3296],{"class":83},[47,13290,253],{"class":61},[47,13292,13252],{"class":65},[47,13294,253],{"class":61},[47,13296,12674],{"class":83},[47,13298,12677],{"class":57},[47,13300,13301],{"class":586}," 16\n",[47,13303,13304],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,13305,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,13307,13308,13310,13312,13314,13317,13319,13321,13323],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,13309,98],{"class":97},[47,13311,101],{"class":83},[47,13313,253],{"class":61},[47,13315,13316],{"class":65},"Current:",[47,13318,253],{"class":61},[47,13320,590],{"class":83},[47,13322,13271],{"class":87},[47,13324,107],{"class":83},[47,13326,13327,13329,13331,13333,13336,13338,13340,13343],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,13328,98],{"class":97},[47,13330,101],{"class":83},[47,13332,253],{"class":61},[47,13334,13335],{"class":65},"Backup:",[47,13337,253],{"class":61},[47,13339,590],{"class":83},[47,13341,13342],{"class":87}," settings_backup",[47,13344,107],{"class":83},[20,13346,13347],{},[121,13348,338],{},[38,13350,13352],{"className":40,"code":13351,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,13353,13354,13392],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13355,13356,13359,13361,13363,13365,13367,13369,13371,13373,13375,13377,13379,13381,13383,13385,13387,13390],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13357,13358],{"class":53},"Current",[47,13360,1032],{"class":83},[47,13362,9890],{"class":83},[47,13364,2693],{"class":61},[47,13366,11894],{"class":65},[47,13368,2693],{"class":61},[47,13370,1032],{"class":83},[47,13372,2688],{"class":61},[47,13374,11903],{"class":65},[47,13376,2693],{"class":61},[47,13378,590],{"class":83},[47,13380,2688],{"class":61},[47,13382,13252],{"class":65},[47,13384,2693],{"class":61},[47,13386,1032],{"class":83},[47,13388,13389],{"class":586}," 16",[47,13391,8707],{"class":83},[47,13393,13394,13397,13399,13401,13403,13405,13407,13409,13411,13413,13415,13417,13419,13421,13423,13425,13427],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,13395,13396],{"class":53},"Backup",[47,13398,1032],{"class":83},[47,13400,9890],{"class":83},[47,13402,2693],{"class":61},[47,13404,11894],{"class":65},[47,13406,2693],{"class":61},[47,13408,1032],{"class":83},[47,13410,2688],{"class":61},[47,13412,11903],{"class":65},[47,13414,2693],{"class":61},[47,13416,590],{"class":83},[47,13418,2688],{"class":61},[47,13420,13252],{"class":65},[47,13422,2693],{"class":61},[47,13424,1032],{"class":83},[47,13426,13259],{"class":586},[47,13428,8707],{"class":83},[20,13430,13431,13432,158,13438,84],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[154,13433,13435],{"href":13434},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,13436,13437],{},"dict.update()",[154,13439,13440],{"href":12223},[15,13441,10727],{},[33,13443,13445,13447],{"id":13444},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,13446,12176],{}," vs assignment",[20,13449,13450],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,13452,7816,13453,13455,13456,13458],{},[15,13454,58],{}," does ",[121,13457,123],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[724,13460,13462],{"id":13461},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[38,13464,13466],{"className":40,"code":13465,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,13467,13468,13500,13509,13513,13533,13537,13555,13575],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13469,13470,13472,13474,13476,13478,13480,13482,13484,13486,13488,13490,13492,13494,13496,13498],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13471,11485],{"class":53},[47,13473,58],{"class":57},[47,13475,9890],{"class":83},[47,13477,253],{"class":61},[47,13479,1567],{"class":65},[47,13481,253],{"class":61},[47,13483,1032],{"class":83},[47,13485,4898],{"class":586},[47,13487,590],{"class":83},[47,13489,62],{"class":61},[47,13491,11144],{"class":65},[47,13493,253],{"class":61},[47,13495,1032],{"class":83},[47,13497,2382],{"class":586},[47,13499,8707],{"class":83},[47,13501,13502,13505,13507],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,13503,13504],{"class":53},"assigned ",[47,13506,58],{"class":57},[47,13508,11523],{"class":53},[47,13510,13511],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,13512,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,13514,13515,13518,13520,13522,13524,13526,13528,13530],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,13516,13517],{"class":53},"assigned",[47,13519,3296],{"class":83},[47,13521,253],{"class":61},[47,13523,1567],{"class":65},[47,13525,253],{"class":61},[47,13527,12674],{"class":83},[47,13529,12677],{"class":57},[47,13531,13532],{"class":586}," 99\n",[47,13534,13535],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,13536,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,13538,13539,13541,13543,13545,13547,13549,13551,13553],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,13540,98],{"class":97},[47,13542,101],{"class":83},[47,13544,253],{"class":61},[47,13546,12695],{"class":65},[47,13548,253],{"class":61},[47,13550,590],{"class":83},[47,13552,11560],{"class":87},[47,13554,107],{"class":83},[47,13556,13557,13559,13561,13563,13566,13568,13570,13573],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,13558,98],{"class":97},[47,13560,101],{"class":83},[47,13562,253],{"class":61},[47,13564,13565],{"class":65},"Assigned:",[47,13567,253],{"class":61},[47,13569,590],{"class":83},[47,13571,13572],{"class":87}," assigned",[47,13574,107],{"class":83},[47,13576,13577,13579,13581,13583,13585,13587],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,13578,98],{"class":97},[47,13580,101],{"class":83},[47,13582,11485],{"class":87},[47,13584,11593],{"class":655},[47,13586,13572],{"class":87},[47,13588,107],{"class":83},[20,13590,13591],{},[121,13592,338],{},[38,13594,13596],{"className":40,"code":13595,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,13597,13598,13630,13663],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13599,13600,13602,13604,13606,13608,13610,13612,13614,13616,13618,13620,13622,13624,13626,13628],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13601,12737],{"class":53},[47,13603,1032],{"class":83},[47,13605,9890],{"class":83},[47,13607,2693],{"class":61},[47,13609,1567],{"class":65},[47,13611,2693],{"class":61},[47,13613,1032],{"class":83},[47,13615,9596],{"class":586},[47,13617,590],{"class":83},[47,13619,2688],{"class":61},[47,13621,11144],{"class":65},[47,13623,2693],{"class":61},[47,13625,1032],{"class":83},[47,13627,2382],{"class":586},[47,13629,8707],{"class":83},[47,13631,13632,13635,13637,13639,13641,13643,13645,13647,13649,13651,13653,13655,13657,13659,13661],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,13633,13634],{"class":53},"Assigned",[47,13636,1032],{"class":83},[47,13638,9890],{"class":83},[47,13640,2693],{"class":61},[47,13642,1567],{"class":65},[47,13644,2693],{"class":61},[47,13646,1032],{"class":83},[47,13648,9596],{"class":586},[47,13650,590],{"class":83},[47,13652,2688],{"class":61},[47,13654,11144],{"class":65},[47,13656,2693],{"class":61},[47,13658,1032],{"class":83},[47,13660,2382],{"class":586},[47,13662,8707],{"class":83},[47,13664,13665],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,13666,1264],{"class":1271},[724,13668,7816,13670],{"id":13669},"using-copy",[15,13671,12176],{},[38,13673,13675],{"className":40,"code":13674,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,13676,13677,13709,13724,13728,13747,13751,13769,13789],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13678,13679,13681,13683,13685,13687,13689,13691,13693,13695,13697,13699,13701,13703,13705,13707],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13680,11485],{"class":53},[47,13682,58],{"class":57},[47,13684,9890],{"class":83},[47,13686,253],{"class":61},[47,13688,1567],{"class":65},[47,13690,253],{"class":61},[47,13692,1032],{"class":83},[47,13694,4898],{"class":586},[47,13696,590],{"class":83},[47,13698,62],{"class":61},[47,13700,11144],{"class":65},[47,13702,253],{"class":61},[47,13704,1032],{"class":83},[47,13706,2382],{"class":586},[47,13708,8707],{"class":83},[47,13710,13711,13714,13716,13718,13720,13722],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,13712,13713],{"class":53},"copied ",[47,13715,58],{"class":57},[47,13717,11560],{"class":53},[47,13719,84],{"class":83},[47,13721,12311],{"class":87},[47,13723,91],{"class":83},[47,13725,13726],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,13727,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,13729,13730,13733,13735,13737,13739,13741,13743,13745],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,13731,13732],{"class":53},"copied",[47,13734,3296],{"class":83},[47,13736,253],{"class":61},[47,13738,1567],{"class":65},[47,13740,253],{"class":61},[47,13742,12674],{"class":83},[47,13744,12677],{"class":57},[47,13746,13532],{"class":586},[47,13748,13749],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,13750,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,13752,13753,13755,13757,13759,13761,13763,13765,13767],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,13754,98],{"class":97},[47,13756,101],{"class":83},[47,13758,253],{"class":61},[47,13760,12695],{"class":65},[47,13762,253],{"class":61},[47,13764,590],{"class":83},[47,13766,11560],{"class":87},[47,13768,107],{"class":83},[47,13770,13771,13773,13775,13777,13780,13782,13784,13787],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,13772,98],{"class":97},[47,13774,101],{"class":83},[47,13776,253],{"class":61},[47,13778,13779],{"class":65},"Copied:",[47,13781,253],{"class":61},[47,13783,590],{"class":83},[47,13785,13786],{"class":87}," copied",[47,13788,107],{"class":83},[47,13790,13791,13793,13795,13797,13799,13801],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,13792,98],{"class":97},[47,13794,101],{"class":83},[47,13796,11485],{"class":87},[47,13798,11593],{"class":655},[47,13800,13786],{"class":87},[47,13802,107],{"class":83},[20,13804,13805],{},[121,13806,338],{},[38,13808,13810],{"className":40,"code":13809,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,13811,13812,13844,13877],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13813,13814,13816,13818,13820,13822,13824,13826,13828,13830,13832,13834,13836,13838,13840,13842],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13815,12737],{"class":53},[47,13817,1032],{"class":83},[47,13819,9890],{"class":83},[47,13821,2693],{"class":61},[47,13823,1567],{"class":65},[47,13825,2693],{"class":61},[47,13827,1032],{"class":83},[47,13829,4898],{"class":586},[47,13831,590],{"class":83},[47,13833,2688],{"class":61},[47,13835,11144],{"class":65},[47,13837,2693],{"class":61},[47,13839,1032],{"class":83},[47,13841,2382],{"class":586},[47,13843,8707],{"class":83},[47,13845,13846,13849,13851,13853,13855,13857,13859,13861,13863,13865,13867,13869,13871,13873,13875],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,13847,13848],{"class":53},"Copied",[47,13850,1032],{"class":83},[47,13852,9890],{"class":83},[47,13854,2693],{"class":61},[47,13856,1567],{"class":65},[47,13858,2693],{"class":61},[47,13860,1032],{"class":83},[47,13862,9596],{"class":586},[47,13864,590],{"class":83},[47,13866,2688],{"class":61},[47,13868,11144],{"class":65},[47,13870,2693],{"class":61},[47,13872,1032],{"class":83},[47,13874,2382],{"class":586},[47,13876,8707],{"class":83},[47,13878,13879],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,13880,3436],{"class":1271},[20,13882,13883],{},"Summary:",[133,13885,13886,13892],{},[136,13887,13888,13891],{},[15,13889,13890],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[136,13893,13894,13897],{},[15,13895,13896],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[33,13899,13901],{"id":13900},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,13903,13904,1032],{},[15,13905,12176],{},[133,13907,13908,13911,13914,13917],{},[136,13909,13910],{},"Returns a dictionary",[136,13912,13913],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[136,13915,13916],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[136,13918,13919],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,13921,538],{},[38,13923,13925],{"className":40,"code":13924,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,13926,13927,13959,13975,13979,13997,14017,14021,14039],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13928,13929,13931,13933,13935,13937,13939,13941,13943,13945,13947,13949,13951,13953,13955,13957],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13930,8563],{"class":53},[47,13932,58],{"class":57},[47,13934,9890],{"class":83},[47,13936,253],{"class":61},[47,13938,154],{"class":65},[47,13940,253],{"class":61},[47,13942,1032],{"class":83},[47,13944,4898],{"class":586},[47,13946,590],{"class":83},[47,13948,62],{"class":61},[47,13950,4158],{"class":65},[47,13952,253],{"class":61},[47,13954,1032],{"class":83},[47,13956,2382],{"class":586},[47,13958,8707],{"class":83},[47,13960,13961,13964,13966,13969,13971,13973],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,13962,13963],{"class":53},"data_copy ",[47,13965,58],{"class":57},[47,13967,13968],{"class":53}," data",[47,13970,84],{"class":83},[47,13972,12311],{"class":87},[47,13974,91],{"class":83},[47,13976,13977],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,13978,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,13980,13981,13983,13985,13987,13989,13991,13993,13995],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,13982,8602],{"class":53},[47,13984,3296],{"class":83},[47,13986,253],{"class":61},[47,13988,154],{"class":65},[47,13990,253],{"class":61},[47,13992,12674],{"class":83},[47,13994,12677],{"class":57},[47,13996,1976],{"class":586},[47,13998,13999,14002,14004,14006,14008,14010,14012,14014],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,14000,14001],{"class":53},"data_copy",[47,14003,3296],{"class":83},[47,14005,253],{"class":61},[47,14007,4158],{"class":65},[47,14009,253],{"class":61},[47,14011,12674],{"class":83},[47,14013,12677],{"class":57},[47,14015,14016],{"class":586}," 20\n",[47,14018,14019],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,14020,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,14022,14023,14025,14027,14029,14031,14033,14035,14037],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,14024,98],{"class":97},[47,14026,101],{"class":83},[47,14028,253],{"class":61},[47,14030,12695],{"class":65},[47,14032,253],{"class":61},[47,14034,590],{"class":83},[47,14036,13968],{"class":87},[47,14038,107],{"class":83},[47,14040,14041,14043,14045,14047,14049,14051,14053,14056],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,14042,98],{"class":97},[47,14044,101],{"class":83},[47,14046,253],{"class":61},[47,14048,12714],{"class":65},[47,14050,253],{"class":61},[47,14052,590],{"class":83},[47,14054,14055],{"class":87}," data_copy",[47,14057,107],{"class":83},[20,14059,14060],{},[121,14061,338],{},[38,14063,14065],{"className":40,"code":14064,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14066,14067,14099],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14068,14069,14071,14073,14075,14077,14079,14081,14083,14085,14087,14089,14091,14093,14095,14097],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14070,12737],{"class":53},[47,14072,1032],{"class":83},[47,14074,9890],{"class":83},[47,14076,2693],{"class":61},[47,14078,154],{"class":65},[47,14080,2693],{"class":61},[47,14082,1032],{"class":83},[47,14084,5405],{"class":586},[47,14086,590],{"class":83},[47,14088,2688],{"class":61},[47,14090,4158],{"class":65},[47,14092,2693],{"class":61},[47,14094,1032],{"class":83},[47,14096,2382],{"class":586},[47,14098,8707],{"class":83},[47,14100,14101,14103,14105,14107,14109,14111,14113,14115,14117,14119,14121,14123,14125,14127,14129],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,14102,12774],{"class":53},[47,14104,1032],{"class":83},[47,14106,9890],{"class":83},[47,14108,2693],{"class":61},[47,14110,154],{"class":65},[47,14112,2693],{"class":61},[47,14114,1032],{"class":83},[47,14116,4898],{"class":586},[47,14118,590],{"class":83},[47,14120,2688],{"class":61},[47,14122,4158],{"class":65},[47,14124,2693],{"class":61},[47,14126,1032],{"class":83},[47,14128,7189],{"class":586},[47,14130,8707],{"class":83},[33,14132,722],{"id":721},[20,14134,14135,14136,1032],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14137,11834],{},[133,14139,14140,14147,14152,14157],{},[136,14141,7816,14142,10492,14144,14146],{},[15,14143,58],{},[15,14145,12176],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[136,14148,3976,14149,14151],{},[15,14150,12176],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[136,14153,14154,14155],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14156,12176],{},[136,14158,14159],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14161,14162],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[38,14164,14166],{"className":40,"code":14165,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14167,14168,14178,14188,14202,14225,14248],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14169,14170,14172,14174,14176],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14171,98],{"class":97},[47,14173,101],{"class":83},[47,14175,11532],{"class":87},[47,14177,107],{"class":83},[47,14179,14180,14182,14184,14186],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,14181,98],{"class":97},[47,14183,101],{"class":83},[47,14185,13732],{"class":87},[47,14187,107],{"class":83},[47,14189,14190,14192,14194,14196,14198,14200],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,14191,98],{"class":97},[47,14193,101],{"class":83},[47,14195,11485],{"class":87},[47,14197,11593],{"class":655},[47,14199,13786],{"class":87},[47,14201,107],{"class":83},[47,14203,14204,14206,14208,14210,14212,14214,14216,14219,14221,14223],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,14205,98],{"class":97},[47,14207,101],{"class":83},[47,14209,12049],{"class":97},[47,14211,101],{"class":83},[47,14213,11532],{"class":87},[47,14215,8631],{"class":83},[47,14217,14218],{"class":97}," id",[47,14220,101],{"class":83},[47,14222,13732],{"class":87},[47,14224,1419],{"class":83},[47,14226,14227,14229,14231,14233,14235,14237,14239,14241,14244,14246],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,14228,98],{"class":97},[47,14230,101],{"class":83},[47,14232,12049],{"class":97},[47,14234,101],{"class":83},[47,14236,11532],{"class":87},[47,14238,3296],{"class":83},[47,14240,253],{"class":61},[47,14242,14243],{"class":65},"key",[47,14245,253],{"class":61},[47,14247,2389],{"class":83},[47,14249,14250,14252,14254,14256,14258,14260,14262,14264,14266,14268],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,14251,98],{"class":97},[47,14253,101],{"class":83},[47,14255,12049],{"class":97},[47,14257,101],{"class":83},[47,14259,13732],{"class":87},[47,14261,3296],{"class":83},[47,14263,253],{"class":61},[47,14265,14243],{"class":65},[47,14267,253],{"class":61},[47,14269,2389],{"class":83},[20,14271,14272],{},"What these help you check:",[133,14274,14275,14278,14281],{},[136,14276,14277],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[136,14279,14280],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[136,14282,14283],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14285,14286,14287,84],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[154,14288,14290],{"href":14289},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[33,14292,1155],{"id":1154},[724,14294,1159,14296,14298],{"id":14295},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,14297,11834],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,14300,14301],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[724,14303,14305,14306,14308],{"id":14304},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,14307,11834],{}," a deep copy?",[20,14310,14311],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[724,14313,4578,14315,1063,14317,1883],{"id":14314},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,14316,12176],{},[15,14318,58],{},[20,14320,14321,14323,14324,14326],{},[15,14322,12176],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,14325,58],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[724,14328,14330],{"id":14329},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,14332,14333],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[33,14335,1275],{"id":1274},[133,14337,14338,14342,14346,14350,14357,14363],{},[136,14339,14340],{},[154,14341,10643],{"href":12426},[136,14343,14344],{},[154,14345,8553],{"href":12423},[136,14347,14348],{},[154,14349,13192],{"href":13191},[136,14351,14352],{},[154,14353,10137,14354,1289],{"href":13434},[15,14355,14356],{},"update()",[136,14358,14359],{},[154,14360,10137,14361,1289],{"href":12223},[15,14362,10722],{},[136,14364,14365],{},[154,14366,14367],{"href":14289},"How to copy a list in Python",[1320,14369,14370],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":14372},[14373,14374,14376,14377,14378,14379,14381,14387,14388,14389,14398],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":12395,"depth":72,"text":14375},"What the copy() method does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":267,"depth":72,"text":268},{"id":12834,"depth":72,"text":12835},{"id":13195,"depth":72,"text":14380},"When to use copy()",{"id":13444,"depth":72,"text":14382,"children":14383},"copy() vs assignment",[14384,14385],{"id":13461,"depth":94,"text":13462},{"id":13669,"depth":94,"text":14386},"Using copy()",{"id":13900,"depth":72,"text":13901},{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":14390},[14391,14393,14395,14397],{"id":14295,"depth":94,"text":14392},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14304,"depth":94,"text":14394},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14314,"depth":94,"text":14396},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14329,"depth":94,"text":14330},{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12229,"description":14399},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14406,"title":14407,"body":14408,"description":16605,"extension":1354,"meta":16606,"navigation":311,"path":12426,"seo":16607,"stem":16608,"__hash__":16609},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14409,"toc":16567},[14410,14413,14419,14428,14430,14506,14510,14559,14562,14566,14580,14583,14587,14600,14603,14636,14650,14653,14665,14669,14672,14680,14760,14764,14817,14821,14839,14841,14923,14926,14928,14931,14934,14957,14981,14985,14993,14996,15000,15009,15014,15072,15076,15109,15115,15121,15124,15179,15183,15233,15236,15242,15245,15253,15255,15300,15305,15314,15317,15320,15367,15369,15374,15377,15471,15475,15528,15531,15587,15590,15594,15597,15611,15615,15681,15685,15710,15713,15717,15795,15799,15802,15805,15825,15828,15881,15885,15888,15891,15904,15906,15995,16002,16005,16016,16018,16021,16041,16045,16047,16056,16058,16097,16101,16103,16112,16121,16123,16161,16165,16212,16216,16237,16241,16244,16356,16361,16459,16481,16483,16487,16494,16498,16504,16508,16511,16515,16518,16525,16533,16535,16561,16564],[10,14411,14407],{"id":14412},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,14414,14415,14416,14418],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[121,14417,8529],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,14420,14421,14422,158,14424,84],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[154,14423,8553],{"href":8552},[154,14425,14427],{"href":14426},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[33,14429,36],{"id":35},[38,14431,14433],{"className":40,"code":14432,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14434,14435,14443,14461,14475,14488,14492,14496],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14436,14437,14439,14441],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14438,12263],{"class":53},[47,14440,58],{"class":57},[47,14442,10891],{"class":83},[47,14444,14445,14447,14449,14451,14453,14455,14457,14459],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,14446,10896],{"class":61},[47,14448,229],{"class":65},[47,14450,253],{"class":61},[47,14452,1032],{"class":83},[47,14454,62],{"class":61},[47,14456,12280],{"class":65},[47,14458,253],{"class":61},[47,14460,10912],{"class":83},[47,14462,14463,14465,14467,14469,14471,14473],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,14464,10896],{"class":61},[47,14466,8697],{"class":65},[47,14468,253],{"class":61},[47,14470,1032],{"class":83},[47,14472,7189],{"class":586},[47,14474,10912],{"class":83},[47,14476,14477,14479,14482,14484,14486],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,14478,10896],{"class":61},[47,14480,14481],{"class":65},"is_active",[47,14483,253],{"class":61},[47,14485,1032],{"class":83},[47,14487,5822],{"class":1271},[47,14489,14490],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,14491,8707],{"class":83},[47,14493,14494],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,14495,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,14497,14498,14500,14502,14504],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,14499,98],{"class":97},[47,14501,101],{"class":83},[47,14503,13027],{"class":87},[47,14505,107],{"class":83},[20,14507,14508],{},[121,14509,338],{},[38,14511,14513],{"className":40,"code":14512,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,14514,14515],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14516,14517,14519,14521,14523,14525,14527,14529,14531,14533,14535,14537,14539,14541,14543,14545,14547,14549,14551,14553,14555,14557],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14518,8676],{"class":83},[47,14520,2693],{"class":61},[47,14522,229],{"class":65},[47,14524,2693],{"class":61},[47,14526,1032],{"class":83},[47,14528,2688],{"class":61},[47,14530,12280],{"class":65},[47,14532,2693],{"class":61},[47,14534,590],{"class":83},[47,14536,2688],{"class":61},[47,14538,8697],{"class":65},[47,14540,2693],{"class":61},[47,14542,1032],{"class":83},[47,14544,7189],{"class":586},[47,14546,590],{"class":83},[47,14548,2688],{"class":61},[47,14550,14481],{"class":65},[47,14552,2693],{"class":61},[47,14554,1032],{"class":83},[47,14556,3312],{"class":1271},[47,14558,8707],{"class":83},[20,14560,14561],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[33,14563,14565],{"id":14564},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[133,14567,14568,14571,14574,14577],{},[136,14569,14570],{},"What a dictionary is",[136,14572,14573],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[136,14575,14576],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[136,14578,14579],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[33,14581,14570],{"id":14582},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,14584,8526,14585,84],{},[121,14586,8529],{},[133,14588,14589,14595],{},[136,14590,14591,14592,14594],{},"A ",[121,14593,14243],{}," is the label",[136,14596,14591,14597,14599],{},[121,14598,1863],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,14601,14602],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[38,14604,14606],{"className":40,"code":14605,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,14607,14608,14616,14632],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14609,14610,14612,14614],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14611,12263],{"class":53},[47,14613,58],{"class":57},[47,14615,10891],{"class":83},[47,14617,14618,14620,14622,14624,14626,14628,14630],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,14619,10896],{"class":61},[47,14621,229],{"class":65},[47,14623,253],{"class":61},[47,14625,1032],{"class":83},[47,14627,62],{"class":61},[47,14629,12280],{"class":65},[47,14631,69],{"class":61},[47,14633,14634],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,14635,8707],{"class":83},[133,14637,14638,14644],{},[136,14639,14640,14643],{},[15,14641,14642],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[136,14645,14646,14649],{},[15,14647,14648],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,14651,14652],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[133,14654,14655,14657,14659,14662],{},[136,14656,229],{},[136,14658,8697],{},[136,14660,14661],{},"email",[136,14663,14664],{},"country",[33,14666,14668],{"id":14667},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,14670,14671],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,14673,1486,14674,14676,14677,84],{},[15,14675,3188],{}," and write each item as ",[15,14678,14679],{},"key: value",[38,14681,14683],{"className":40,"code":14682,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14684,14685,14693,14711,14725,14742,14746,14750],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14686,14687,14689,14691],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14688,12263],{"class":53},[47,14690,58],{"class":57},[47,14692,10891],{"class":83},[47,14694,14695,14697,14699,14701,14703,14705,14707,14709],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,14696,10896],{"class":61},[47,14698,229],{"class":65},[47,14700,253],{"class":61},[47,14702,1032],{"class":83},[47,14704,62],{"class":61},[47,14706,12280],{"class":65},[47,14708,253],{"class":61},[47,14710,10912],{"class":83},[47,14712,14713,14715,14717,14719,14721,14723],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,14714,10896],{"class":61},[47,14716,8697],{"class":65},[47,14718,253],{"class":61},[47,14720,1032],{"class":83},[47,14722,7189],{"class":586},[47,14724,10912],{"class":83},[47,14726,14727,14729,14732,14734,14736,14738,14740],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,14728,10896],{"class":61},[47,14730,14731],{"class":65},"course",[47,14733,253],{"class":61},[47,14735,1032],{"class":83},[47,14737,62],{"class":61},[47,14739,6696],{"class":65},[47,14741,69],{"class":61},[47,14743,14744],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,14745,8707],{"class":83},[47,14747,14748],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,14749,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,14751,14752,14754,14756,14758],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,14753,98],{"class":97},[47,14755,101],{"class":83},[47,14757,13027],{"class":87},[47,14759,107],{"class":83},[20,14761,14762],{},[121,14763,338],{},[38,14765,14767],{"className":40,"code":14766,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,14768,14769],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14770,14771,14773,14775,14777,14779,14781,14783,14785,14787,14789,14791,14793,14795,14797,14799,14801,14803,14805,14807,14809,14811,14813,14815],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14772,8676],{"class":83},[47,14774,2693],{"class":61},[47,14776,229],{"class":65},[47,14778,2693],{"class":61},[47,14780,1032],{"class":83},[47,14782,2688],{"class":61},[47,14784,12280],{"class":65},[47,14786,2693],{"class":61},[47,14788,590],{"class":83},[47,14790,2688],{"class":61},[47,14792,8697],{"class":65},[47,14794,2693],{"class":61},[47,14796,1032],{"class":83},[47,14798,7189],{"class":586},[47,14800,590],{"class":83},[47,14802,2688],{"class":61},[47,14804,14731],{"class":65},[47,14806,2693],{"class":61},[47,14808,1032],{"class":83},[47,14810,2688],{"class":61},[47,14812,6696],{"class":65},[47,14814,2693],{"class":61},[47,14816,8707],{"class":83},[724,14818,14820],{"id":14819},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[133,14822,14823,14828,14833,14836],{},[136,14824,1486,14825,14827],{},[15,14826,3188],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[136,14829,14830,14831],{},"Write each item as ",[15,14832,14679],{},[136,14834,14835],{},"Separate items with commas",[136,14837,14838],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,14840,538],{},[38,14842,14844],{"className":40,"code":14843,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,14845,14846,14855,14875,14891,14904,14908,14912],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14847,14848,14851,14853],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14849,14850],{"class":53},"book ",[47,14852,58],{"class":57},[47,14854,10891],{"class":83},[47,14856,14857,14859,14862,14864,14866,14868,14871,14873],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,14858,10896],{"class":61},[47,14860,14861],{"class":65},"title",[47,14863,253],{"class":61},[47,14865,1032],{"class":83},[47,14867,62],{"class":61},[47,14869,14870],{"class":65},"Python Basics",[47,14872,253],{"class":61},[47,14874,10912],{"class":83},[47,14876,14877,14879,14882,14884,14886,14889],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,14878,10896],{"class":61},[47,14880,14881],{"class":65},"pages",[47,14883,253],{"class":61},[47,14885,1032],{"class":83},[47,14887,14888],{"class":586}," 150",[47,14890,10912],{"class":83},[47,14892,14893,14895,14898,14900,14902],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,14894,10896],{"class":61},[47,14896,14897],{"class":65},"available",[47,14899,253],{"class":61},[47,14901,1032],{"class":83},[47,14903,5822],{"class":1271},[47,14905,14906],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,14907,8707],{"class":83},[47,14909,14910],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,14911,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,14913,14914,14916,14918,14921],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,14915,98],{"class":97},[47,14917,101],{"class":83},[47,14919,14920],{"class":87},"book",[47,14922,107],{"class":83},[20,14924,14925],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[33,14927,8801],{"id":8800},[20,14929,14930],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,14932,14933],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[38,14935,14937],{"className":40,"code":14936,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,14938,14939,14947],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14940,14941,14943,14945],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14942,8563],{"class":53},[47,14944,58],{"class":57},[47,14946,9237],{"class":83},[47,14948,14949,14951,14953,14955],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,14950,98],{"class":97},[47,14952,101],{"class":83},[47,14954,8602],{"class":87},[47,14956,107],{"class":83},[38,14958,14959],{"className":40,"code":8804,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,14960,14961,14971],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14962,14963,14965,14967,14969],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14964,8563],{"class":53},[47,14966,58],{"class":57},[47,14968,8568],{"class":919},[47,14970,91],{"class":83},[47,14972,14973,14975,14977,14979],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,14974,98],{"class":97},[47,14976,101],{"class":83},[47,14978,8602],{"class":87},[47,14980,107],{"class":83},[20,14982,14983],{},[121,14984,338],{},[38,14986,14987],{"className":40,"code":8833,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,14988,14989],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14990,14991],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14992,8833],{"class":83},[20,14994,14995],{},"Both are correct.",[724,14997,14999],{"id":14998},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15001,15002,15004,15005,15008],{},[15,15003,3188],{}," creates an empty ",[121,15006,15007],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15010,15011,15012,84],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15013,3193],{},[38,15015,15017],{"className":40,"code":15016,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15018,15019,15027,15039,15043,15057],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15020,15021,15023,15025],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15022,11123],{"class":53},[47,15024,58],{"class":57},[47,15026,9237],{"class":83},[47,15028,15029,15032,15034,15037],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,15030,15031],{"class":53},"my_set ",[47,15033,58],{"class":57},[47,15035,15036],{"class":919}," set",[47,15038,91],{"class":83},[47,15040,15041],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,15042,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,15044,15045,15047,15049,15051,15053,15055],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,15046,98],{"class":97},[47,15048,101],{"class":83},[47,15050,2613],{"class":919},[47,15052,101],{"class":83},[47,15054,10850],{"class":87},[47,15056,1419],{"class":83},[47,15058,15059,15061,15063,15065,15067,15070],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,15060,98],{"class":97},[47,15062,101],{"class":83},[47,15064,2613],{"class":919},[47,15066,101],{"class":83},[47,15068,15069],{"class":87},"my_set",[47,15071,1419],{"class":83},[20,15073,15074],{},[121,15075,338],{},[38,15077,15079],{"className":40,"code":15078,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15080,15081,15095],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15082,15083,15085,15087,15089,15091,15093],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15084,2682],{"class":57},[47,15086,2685],{"class":1458},[47,15088,2688],{"class":61},[47,15090,8218],{"class":65},[47,15092,2693],{"class":61},[47,15094,2696],{"class":57},[47,15096,15097,15099,15101,15103,15105,15107],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,15098,2682],{"class":57},[47,15100,2685],{"class":1458},[47,15102,2688],{"class":61},[47,15104,5687],{"class":65},[47,15106,2693],{"class":61},[47,15108,2696],{"class":57},[33,15110,15112,15113],{"id":15111},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15114,8517],{},[20,15116,15117,15118,15120],{},"You can also use ",[15,15119,8517],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15122,15123],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[38,15125,15127],{"className":40,"code":15126,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15128,15129,15169],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15130,15131,15133,15135,15137,15139,15141,15143,15145,15147,15149,15151,15153,15155,15158,15160,15163,15165,15167],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15132,12263],{"class":53},[47,15134,58],{"class":57},[47,15136,8568],{"class":919},[47,15138,101],{"class":83},[47,15140,229],{"class":8573},[47,15142,58],{"class":57},[47,15144,253],{"class":61},[47,15146,12280],{"class":65},[47,15148,253],{"class":61},[47,15150,590],{"class":83},[47,15152,8586],{"class":8573},[47,15154,58],{"class":57},[47,15156,15157],{"class":586},"20",[47,15159,590],{"class":83},[47,15161,15162],{"class":8573}," active",[47,15164,58],{"class":57},[47,15166,2997],{"class":1271},[47,15168,107],{"class":83},[47,15170,15171,15173,15175,15177],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,15172,98],{"class":97},[47,15174,101],{"class":83},[47,15176,13027],{"class":87},[47,15178,107],{"class":83},[20,15180,15181],{},[121,15182,338],{},[38,15184,15186],{"className":40,"code":15185,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15187,15188],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15189,15190,15192,15194,15196,15198,15200,15202,15204,15206,15208,15210,15212,15214,15216,15218,15220,15222,15225,15227,15229,15231],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15191,8676],{"class":83},[47,15193,2693],{"class":61},[47,15195,229],{"class":65},[47,15197,2693],{"class":61},[47,15199,1032],{"class":83},[47,15201,2688],{"class":61},[47,15203,12280],{"class":65},[47,15205,2693],{"class":61},[47,15207,590],{"class":83},[47,15209,2688],{"class":61},[47,15211,8697],{"class":65},[47,15213,2693],{"class":61},[47,15215,1032],{"class":83},[47,15217,7189],{"class":586},[47,15219,590],{"class":83},[47,15221,2688],{"class":61},[47,15223,15224],{"class":65},"active",[47,15226,2693],{"class":61},[47,15228,1032],{"class":83},[47,15230,3312],{"class":1271},[47,15232,8707],{"class":83},[20,15234,15235],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[724,15237,15239,15240],{"id":15238},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15241,8517],{},[20,15243,15244],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[133,15246,15247,15250],{},[136,15248,15249],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[136,15251,15252],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15254,6088],{},[38,15256,15258],{"className":40,"code":15257,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15259,15260,15290],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15261,15262,15264,15266,15268,15270,15272,15274,15276,15278,15280,15282,15284,15286,15288],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15263,10886],{"class":53},[47,15265,58],{"class":57},[47,15267,8568],{"class":919},[47,15269,101],{"class":83},[47,15271,229],{"class":8573},[47,15273,58],{"class":57},[47,15275,253],{"class":61},[47,15277,7075],{"class":65},[47,15279,253],{"class":61},[47,15281,590],{"class":83},[47,15283,8586],{"class":8573},[47,15285,58],{"class":57},[47,15287,8591],{"class":586},[47,15289,107],{"class":83},[47,15291,15292,15294,15296,15298],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,15293,98],{"class":97},[47,15295,101],{"class":83},[47,15297,10980],{"class":87},[47,15299,107],{"class":83},[20,15301,4025,15302,15304],{},[121,15303,123],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[38,15306,15308],{"className":40,"code":15307,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,15309,15310],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15311,15312],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15313,15307],{"class":113},[20,15315,15316],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,15318,15319],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[38,15321,15323],{"className":40,"code":15322,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,15324,15325,15333,15349,15353,15357],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15326,15327,15329,15331],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15328,10886],{"class":53},[47,15330,58],{"class":57},[47,15332,10891],{"class":83},[47,15334,15335,15337,15339,15341,15343,15345,15347],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,15336,10896],{"class":61},[47,15338,9895],{"class":65},[47,15340,253],{"class":61},[47,15342,1032],{"class":83},[47,15344,62],{"class":61},[47,15346,7075],{"class":65},[47,15348,69],{"class":61},[47,15350,15351],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,15352,8707],{"class":83},[47,15354,15355],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,15356,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,15358,15359,15361,15363,15365],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,15360,98],{"class":97},[47,15362,101],{"class":83},[47,15364,10980],{"class":87},[47,15366,107],{"class":83},[33,15368,8843],{"id":8842},[20,15370,15371,15373],{},[15,15372,8517],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,15375,15376],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[38,15378,15380],{"className":40,"code":15379,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15381,15382,15439,15443,15457,15461],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15383,15384,15386,15388,15390,15392,15394,15396,15398,15400,15402,15404,15406,15408,15410,15412,15414,15416,15418,15420,15422,15424,15426,15428,15430,15432,15435,15437],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15385,8613],{"class":53},[47,15387,58],{"class":57},[47,15389,8618],{"class":83},[47,15391,253],{"class":61},[47,15393,229],{"class":65},[47,15395,253],{"class":61},[47,15397,590],{"class":83},[47,15399,62],{"class":61},[47,15401,12280],{"class":65},[47,15403,253],{"class":61},[47,15405,8631],{"class":83},[47,15407,8634],{"class":83},[47,15409,253],{"class":61},[47,15411,8697],{"class":65},[47,15413,253],{"class":61},[47,15415,590],{"class":83},[47,15417,7189],{"class":586},[47,15419,8631],{"class":83},[47,15421,8634],{"class":83},[47,15423,253],{"class":61},[47,15425,9808],{"class":65},[47,15427,253],{"class":61},[47,15429,590],{"class":83},[47,15431,62],{"class":61},[47,15433,15434],{"class":65},"Lima",[47,15436,253],{"class":61},[47,15438,8647],{"class":83},[47,15440,15441],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,15442,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,15444,15445,15447,15449,15451,15453,15455],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,15446,12263],{"class":53},[47,15448,58],{"class":57},[47,15450,8568],{"class":919},[47,15452,101],{"class":83},[47,15454,8660],{"class":87},[47,15456,107],{"class":83},[47,15458,15459],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,15460,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,15462,15463,15465,15467,15469],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,15464,98],{"class":97},[47,15466,101],{"class":83},[47,15468,13027],{"class":87},[47,15470,107],{"class":83},[20,15472,15473],{},[121,15474,338],{},[38,15476,15478],{"className":40,"code":15477,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,15479,15480],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15481,15482,15484,15486,15488,15490,15492,15494,15496,15498,15500,15502,15504,15506,15508,15510,15512,15514,15516,15518,15520,15522,15524,15526],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15483,8676],{"class":83},[47,15485,2693],{"class":61},[47,15487,229],{"class":65},[47,15489,2693],{"class":61},[47,15491,1032],{"class":83},[47,15493,2688],{"class":61},[47,15495,12280],{"class":65},[47,15497,2693],{"class":61},[47,15499,590],{"class":83},[47,15501,2688],{"class":61},[47,15503,8697],{"class":65},[47,15505,2693],{"class":61},[47,15507,1032],{"class":83},[47,15509,7189],{"class":586},[47,15511,590],{"class":83},[47,15513,2688],{"class":61},[47,15515,9808],{"class":65},[47,15517,2693],{"class":61},[47,15519,1032],{"class":83},[47,15521,2688],{"class":61},[47,15523,15434],{"class":65},[47,15525,2693],{"class":61},[47,15527,8707],{"class":83},[20,15529,15530],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[38,15532,15534],{"className":40,"code":15533,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,15535,15536,15577],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15537,15538,15540,15542,15544,15547,15549,15551,15553,15555,15557,15559,15561,15563,15565,15567,15569,15571,15573,15575],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15539,12263],{"class":53},[47,15541,58],{"class":57},[47,15543,8568],{"class":919},[47,15545,15546],{"class":83},"(((",[47,15548,253],{"class":61},[47,15550,229],{"class":65},[47,15552,253],{"class":61},[47,15554,590],{"class":83},[47,15556,62],{"class":61},[47,15558,12280],{"class":65},[47,15560,253],{"class":61},[47,15562,8631],{"class":83},[47,15564,8634],{"class":83},[47,15566,253],{"class":61},[47,15568,8697],{"class":65},[47,15570,253],{"class":61},[47,15572,590],{"class":83},[47,15574,7189],{"class":586},[47,15576,2300],{"class":83},[47,15578,15579,15581,15583,15585],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,15580,98],{"class":97},[47,15582,101],{"class":83},[47,15584,13027],{"class":87},[47,15586,107],{"class":83},[20,15588,15589],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[33,15591,15593],{"id":15592},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,15595,15596],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[133,15598,15599,15602,15605,15608],{},[136,15600,15601],{},"Keys must be unique",[136,15603,15604],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[136,15606,15607],{},"Values can repeat",[136,15609,15610],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[724,15612,15614],{"id":15613},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[38,15616,15618],{"className":40,"code":15617,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,15619,15620,15628,15646,15663,15667,15671],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15621,15622,15624,15626],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15623,8563],{"class":53},[47,15625,58],{"class":57},[47,15627,10891],{"class":83},[47,15629,15630,15632,15634,15636,15638,15640,15642,15644],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,15631,10896],{"class":61},[47,15633,229],{"class":65},[47,15635,253],{"class":61},[47,15637,1032],{"class":83},[47,15639,62],{"class":61},[47,15641,12280],{"class":65},[47,15643,253],{"class":61},[47,15645,10912],{"class":83},[47,15647,15648,15650,15652,15654,15656,15658,15661],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,15649,10896],{"class":61},[47,15651,229],{"class":65},[47,15653,253],{"class":61},[47,15655,1032],{"class":83},[47,15657,62],{"class":61},[47,15659,15660],{"class":65},"Maria",[47,15662,69],{"class":61},[47,15664,15665],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,15666,8707],{"class":83},[47,15668,15669],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,15670,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,15672,15673,15675,15677,15679],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,15674,98],{"class":97},[47,15676,101],{"class":83},[47,15678,8602],{"class":87},[47,15680,107],{"class":83},[20,15682,15683],{},[121,15684,338],{},[38,15686,15688],{"className":40,"code":15687,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,15689,15690],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15691,15692,15694,15696,15698,15700,15702,15704,15706,15708],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15693,8676],{"class":83},[47,15695,2693],{"class":61},[47,15697,229],{"class":65},[47,15699,2693],{"class":61},[47,15701,1032],{"class":83},[47,15703,2688],{"class":61},[47,15705,15660],{"class":65},[47,15707,2693],{"class":61},[47,15709,8707],{"class":83},[20,15711,15712],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[724,15714,15716],{"id":15715},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[38,15718,15720],{"className":40,"code":15719,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,15721,15722,15730,15746,15762,15776,15780,15784],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15723,15724,15726,15728],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15725,4461],{"class":53},[47,15727,58],{"class":57},[47,15729,10891],{"class":83},[47,15731,15732,15735,15737,15739,15742,15744],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,15733,15734],{"class":586},"    1",[47,15736,1032],{"class":83},[47,15738,62],{"class":61},[47,15740,15741],{"class":65},"low",[47,15743,253],{"class":61},[47,15745,10912],{"class":83},[47,15747,15748,15751,15753,15755,15758,15760],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,15749,15750],{"class":586},"    2",[47,15752,1032],{"class":83},[47,15754,62],{"class":61},[47,15756,15757],{"class":65},"medium",[47,15759,253],{"class":61},[47,15761,10912],{"class":83},[47,15763,15764,15767,15769,15771,15774],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,15765,15766],{"class":586},"    3",[47,15768,1032],{"class":83},[47,15770,62],{"class":61},[47,15772,15773],{"class":65},"high",[47,15775,69],{"class":61},[47,15777,15778],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,15779,8707],{"class":83},[47,15781,15782],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,15783,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,15785,15786,15788,15790,15793],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,15787,98],{"class":97},[47,15789,101],{"class":83},[47,15791,15792],{"class":87},"scores",[47,15794,107],{"class":83},[724,15796,15798],{"id":15797},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,15800,15801],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,15803,15804],{},"This will cause an error:",[38,15806,15808],{"className":40,"code":15807,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,15809,15810,15815,15820],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15811,15812],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15813,15814],{"class":113},"# bad = {\n",[47,15816,15817],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,15818,15819],{"class":113},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[47,15821,15822],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,15823,15824],{"class":113},"# }\n",[20,15826,15827],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[38,15829,15831],{"className":40,"code":15830,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,15832,15833,15842,15862,15866,15870],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15834,15835,15838,15840],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15836,15837],{"class":53},"good ",[47,15839,58],{"class":57},[47,15841,10891],{"class":83},[47,15843,15844,15847,15849,15851,15853,15856,15858,15860],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,15845,15846],{"class":83},"    (",[47,15848,2377],{"class":586},[47,15850,590],{"class":83},[47,15852,2382],{"class":586},[47,15854,15855],{"class":83},"):",[47,15857,62],{"class":61},[47,15859,3044],{"class":65},[47,15861,69],{"class":61},[47,15863,15864],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,15865,8707],{"class":83},[47,15867,15868],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,15869,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,15871,15872,15874,15876,15879],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,15873,98],{"class":97},[47,15875,101],{"class":83},[47,15877,15878],{"class":87},"good",[47,15880,107],{"class":83},[33,15882,15884],{"id":15883},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,15886,15887],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,15889,15890],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[133,15892,15893,15896,15898,15901],{},[136,15894,15895],{},"user data",[136,15897,13286],{},[136,15899,15900],{},"counters",[136,15902,15903],{},"lookups",[20,15905,538],{},[38,15907,15909],{"className":40,"code":15908,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,15910,15911,15919,15938,15957,15969,15973,15977],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15912,15913,15915,15917],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15914,10886],{"class":53},[47,15916,58],{"class":57},[47,15918,10891],{"class":83},[47,15920,15921,15923,15925,15927,15929,15931,15934,15936],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,15922,10896],{"class":61},[47,15924,7384],{"class":65},[47,15926,253],{"class":61},[47,15928,1032],{"class":83},[47,15930,62],{"class":61},[47,15932,15933],{"class":65},"ana123",[47,15935,253],{"class":61},[47,15937,10912],{"class":83},[47,15939,15940,15942,15944,15946,15948,15950,15953,15955],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,15941,10896],{"class":61},[47,15943,14661],{"class":65},[47,15945,253],{"class":61},[47,15947,1032],{"class":83},[47,15949,62],{"class":61},[47,15951,15952],{"class":65},"ana@example.com",[47,15954,253],{"class":61},[47,15956,10912],{"class":83},[47,15958,15959,15961,15963,15965,15967],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,15960,10896],{"class":61},[47,15962,11914],{"class":65},[47,15964,253],{"class":61},[47,15966,1032],{"class":83},[47,15968,5822],{"class":1271},[47,15970,15971],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,15972,8707],{"class":83},[47,15974,15975],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,15976,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,15978,15979,15981,15983,15985,15987,15989,15991,15993],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,15980,98],{"class":97},[47,15982,101],{"class":83},[47,15984,10980],{"class":87},[47,15986,3296],{"class":83},[47,15988,253],{"class":61},[47,15990,14661],{"class":65},[47,15992,253],{"class":61},[47,15994,3284],{"class":83},[20,15996,15997,15998,84],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[154,15999,16001],{"href":16000},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16003,16004],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[133,16006,16007,16010,16013],{},[136,16008,16009],{},"labels are not needed",[136,16011,16012],{},"you mostly care about position",[136,16014,16015],{},"order matters more than named fields",[33,16017,722],{"id":721},[20,16019,16020],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[133,16022,16023,16026,16029,16032,16035],{},[136,16024,16025],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[136,16027,16028],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[136,16030,16031],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[136,16033,16034],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[136,16036,16037,16038,16040],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16039,3188],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[724,16042,16044],{"id":16043},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16046,737],{},[38,16048,16050],{"className":40,"code":16049,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16051,16052],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16053,16054],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16055,16049],{"class":113},[20,16057,788],{},[38,16059,16061],{"className":40,"code":16060,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16062,16063,16087],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16064,16065,16067,16069,16071,16073,16075,16077,16079,16081,16083,16085],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16066,12263],{"class":53},[47,16068,58],{"class":57},[47,16070,9890],{"class":83},[47,16072,253],{"class":61},[47,16074,229],{"class":65},[47,16076,253],{"class":61},[47,16078,1032],{"class":83},[47,16080,62],{"class":61},[47,16082,12280],{"class":65},[47,16084,253],{"class":61},[47,16086,8707],{"class":83},[47,16088,16089,16091,16093,16095],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,16090,98],{"class":97},[47,16092,101],{"class":83},[47,16094,13027],{"class":87},[47,16096,107],{"class":83},[724,16098,16100],{"id":16099},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16102,737],{},[38,16104,16106],{"className":40,"code":16105,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16107,16108],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16109,16110],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16111,16105],{"class":113},[20,16113,16114,16115,16117,16118,16120],{},"This only works if ",[15,16116,229],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16119,14642],{},", use quotes.",[20,16122,788],{},[38,16124,16125],{"className":40,"code":16060,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,16126,16127,16151],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16128,16129,16131,16133,16135,16137,16139,16141,16143,16145,16147,16149],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16130,12263],{"class":53},[47,16132,58],{"class":57},[47,16134,9890],{"class":83},[47,16136,253],{"class":61},[47,16138,229],{"class":65},[47,16140,253],{"class":61},[47,16142,1032],{"class":83},[47,16144,62],{"class":61},[47,16146,12280],{"class":65},[47,16148,253],{"class":61},[47,16150,8707],{"class":83},[47,16152,16153,16155,16157,16159],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,16154,98],{"class":97},[47,16156,101],{"class":83},[47,16158,13027],{"class":87},[47,16160,107],{"class":83},[724,16162,16164],{"id":16163},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[38,16166,16168],{"className":40,"code":16167,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16169,16170,16202],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16171,16172,16174,16176,16178,16180,16182,16184,16186,16188,16190,16192,16194,16196,16198,16200],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16173,8563],{"class":53},[47,16175,58],{"class":57},[47,16177,9890],{"class":83},[47,16179,253],{"class":61},[47,16181,8697],{"class":65},[47,16183,253],{"class":61},[47,16185,1032],{"class":83},[47,16187,7189],{"class":586},[47,16189,590],{"class":83},[47,16191,62],{"class":61},[47,16193,8697],{"class":65},[47,16195,253],{"class":61},[47,16197,1032],{"class":83},[47,16199,7194],{"class":586},[47,16201,8707],{"class":83},[47,16203,16204,16206,16208,16210],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,16205,98],{"class":97},[47,16207,101],{"class":83},[47,16209,8602],{"class":87},[47,16211,107],{"class":83},[20,16213,16214],{},[121,16215,338],{},[38,16217,16219],{"className":40,"code":16218,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16220,16221],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16222,16223,16225,16227,16229,16231,16233,16235],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16224,8676],{"class":83},[47,16226,2693],{"class":61},[47,16228,8697],{"class":65},[47,16230,2693],{"class":61},[47,16232,1032],{"class":83},[47,16234,7194],{"class":586},[47,16236,8707],{"class":83},[33,16238,16240],{"id":16239},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16242,16243],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[38,16245,16247],{"className":40,"code":16246,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16248,16249,16285,16289,16299,16313,16328,16342],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16250,16251,16253,16255,16257,16259,16261,16263,16265,16267,16269,16271,16273,16275,16277,16279,16281,16283],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16252,11123],{"class":53},[47,16254,58],{"class":57},[47,16256,9890],{"class":83},[47,16258,253],{"class":61},[47,16260,229],{"class":65},[47,16262,253],{"class":61},[47,16264,1032],{"class":83},[47,16266,62],{"class":61},[47,16268,12280],{"class":65},[47,16270,253],{"class":61},[47,16272,590],{"class":83},[47,16274,62],{"class":61},[47,16276,8697],{"class":65},[47,16278,253],{"class":61},[47,16280,1032],{"class":83},[47,16282,7189],{"class":586},[47,16284,8707],{"class":83},[47,16286,16287],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,16288,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,16290,16291,16293,16295,16297],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,16292,98],{"class":97},[47,16294,101],{"class":83},[47,16296,10850],{"class":87},[47,16298,107],{"class":83},[47,16300,16301,16303,16305,16307,16309,16311],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,16302,98],{"class":97},[47,16304,101],{"class":83},[47,16306,2613],{"class":919},[47,16308,101],{"class":83},[47,16310,10850],{"class":87},[47,16312,1419],{"class":83},[47,16314,16315,16317,16319,16321,16323,16326],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,16316,98],{"class":97},[47,16318,101],{"class":83},[47,16320,10850],{"class":87},[47,16322,84],{"class":83},[47,16324,16325],{"class":87},"keys",[47,16327,236],{"class":83},[47,16329,16330,16332,16334,16336,16338,16340],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,16331,98],{"class":97},[47,16333,101],{"class":83},[47,16335,10850],{"class":87},[47,16337,84],{"class":83},[47,16339,4758],{"class":87},[47,16341,236],{"class":83},[47,16343,16344,16346,16348,16350,16352,16354],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,16345,98],{"class":97},[47,16347,101],{"class":83},[47,16349,10562],{"class":97},[47,16351,101],{"class":83},[47,16353,10850],{"class":87},[47,16355,1419],{"class":83},[20,16357,16358],{},[121,16359,16360],{},"Example output:",[38,16362,16364],{"className":40,"code":16363,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,16365,16366,16398,16412,16435,16454],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16367,16368,16370,16372,16374,16376,16378,16380,16382,16384,16386,16388,16390,16392,16394,16396],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16369,8676],{"class":83},[47,16371,2693],{"class":61},[47,16373,229],{"class":65},[47,16375,2693],{"class":61},[47,16377,1032],{"class":83},[47,16379,2688],{"class":61},[47,16381,12280],{"class":65},[47,16383,2693],{"class":61},[47,16385,590],{"class":83},[47,16387,2688],{"class":61},[47,16389,8697],{"class":65},[47,16391,2693],{"class":61},[47,16393,1032],{"class":83},[47,16395,7189],{"class":586},[47,16397,8707],{"class":83},[47,16399,16400,16402,16404,16406,16408,16410],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,16401,2682],{"class":57},[47,16403,2685],{"class":1458},[47,16405,2688],{"class":61},[47,16407,8218],{"class":65},[47,16409,2693],{"class":61},[47,16411,2696],{"class":57},[47,16413,16414,16417,16419,16421,16423,16425,16427,16429,16431,16433],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,16415,16416],{"class":87},"dict_keys",[47,16418,2374],{"class":83},[47,16420,2693],{"class":61},[47,16422,229],{"class":65},[47,16424,2693],{"class":61},[47,16426,590],{"class":83},[47,16428,2688],{"class":61},[47,16430,8697],{"class":65},[47,16432,2693],{"class":61},[47,16434,3284],{"class":83},[47,16436,16437,16440,16442,16444,16446,16448,16450,16452],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,16438,16439],{"class":87},"dict_values",[47,16441,2374],{"class":83},[47,16443,2693],{"class":61},[47,16445,12280],{"class":65},[47,16447,2693],{"class":61},[47,16449,590],{"class":83},[47,16451,7189],{"class":586},[47,16453,3284],{"class":83},[47,16455,16456],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,16457,16458],{"class":586},"2\n",[20,16460,16461,16462,712,16468,16474,16475,84],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[154,16463,10137,16465],{"href":16464},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,16466,16467],{},"keys()",[154,16469,10137,16471],{"href":16470},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,16472,16473],{},"values()",", and ",[154,16476,10137,16478],{"href":16477},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,16479,16480],{},"items()",[33,16482,1155],{"id":1154},[724,16484,16486],{"id":16485},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,16488,1486,16489,158,16491,16493],{},[15,16490,3188],{},[15,16492,8517],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[724,16495,16497],{"id":16496},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,16499,16500,16501,84],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,16502,16503],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[724,16505,16507],{"id":16506},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,16509,16510],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[724,16512,16514],{"id":16513},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,16516,16517],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[724,16519,4578,16521,1063,16523,1883],{"id":16520},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,16522,3188],{},[15,16524,8517],{},[20,16526,16527,16529,16530,16532],{},[15,16528,3188],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,16531,8517],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[33,16534,1275],{"id":1274},[133,16536,16537,16541,16547,16551,16557],{},[136,16538,16539],{},[154,16540,8553],{"href":8552},[136,16542,16543],{},[154,16544,10137,16545,1289],{"href":10136},[15,16546,10140],{},[136,16548,16549],{},[154,16550,10652],{"href":10131},[136,16552,16553],{},[154,16554,16556],{"href":16555},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[136,16558,16559],{},[154,16560,10663],{"href":10474},[20,16562,16563],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1320,16565,16566],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":16568},[16569,16570,16571,16572,16575,16578,16583,16584,16589,16590,16595,16596,16604],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":14564,"depth":72,"text":14565},{"id":14582,"depth":72,"text":14570},{"id":14667,"depth":72,"text":14668,"children":16573},[16574],{"id":14819,"depth":94,"text":14820},{"id":8800,"depth":72,"text":8801,"children":16576},[16577],{"id":14998,"depth":94,"text":14999},{"id":15111,"depth":72,"text":16579,"children":16580},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[16581],{"id":15238,"depth":94,"text":16582},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":8842,"depth":72,"text":8843},{"id":15592,"depth":72,"text":15593,"children":16585},[16586,16587,16588],{"id":15613,"depth":94,"text":15614},{"id":15715,"depth":94,"text":15716},{"id":15797,"depth":94,"text":15798},{"id":15883,"depth":72,"text":15884},{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722,"children":16591},[16592,16593,16594],{"id":16043,"depth":94,"text":16044},{"id":16099,"depth":94,"text":16100},{"id":16163,"depth":94,"text":16164},{"id":16239,"depth":72,"text":16240},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":16597},[16598,16599,16600,16601,16602],{"id":16485,"depth":94,"text":16486},{"id":16496,"depth":94,"text":16497},{"id":16506,"depth":94,"text":16507},{"id":16513,"depth":94,"text":16514},{"id":16520,"depth":94,"text":16603},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14407,"description":16605},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":16611,"title":16612,"body":16613,"description":19062,"extension":1354,"meta":19063,"navigation":311,"path":19064,"seo":19065,"stem":19066,"__hash__":19067},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":16614,"toc":19018},[16615,16621,16627,16630,16633,16635,16717,16723,16728,16732,16750,16762,16767,16771,16794,16798,16810,16818,16822,16828,16830,16833,16908,16910,16955,16957,16974,16979,16985,16990,17064,17066,17111,17114,17125,17127,17245,17247,17300,17307,17311,17314,17331,17337,17341,17439,17441,17493,17500,17504,17510,17513,17516,17543,17548,17552,17555,17659,17661,17706,17709,17712,17717,17722,17733,17735,17796,17856,17862,17870,17876,17881,17886,17946,17950,18017,18020,18024,18095,18098,18111,18118,18120,18124,18128,18199,18201,18238,18241,18244,18307,18313,18316,18358,18368,18371,18440,18446,18451,18535,18537,18586,18593,18599,18644,18646,18679,18684,18688,18694,18733,18777,18845,18888,18890,18896,18899,18903,18908,18912,18915,18919,18921,18982,18984,19010,19015],[10,16616,10719,16618,18],{"id":16617},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,16619,16620],{},"fromkeys()",[20,16622,16623,16626],{},[15,16624,16625],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,16628,16629],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,16631,16632],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[33,16634,36],{"id":35},[38,16636,16638],{"className":40,"code":16637,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,16639,16640,16673,16701,16712],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16641,16642,16645,16647,16649,16651,16653,16655,16657,16659,16661,16663,16665,16667,16669,16671],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16643,16644],{"class":53},"keys ",[47,16646,58],{"class":57},[47,16648,3017],{"class":83},[47,16650,253],{"class":61},[47,16652,229],{"class":65},[47,16654,253],{"class":61},[47,16656,590],{"class":83},[47,16658,62],{"class":61},[47,16660,8697],{"class":65},[47,16662,253],{"class":61},[47,16664,590],{"class":83},[47,16666,62],{"class":61},[47,16668,9808],{"class":65},[47,16670,253],{"class":61},[47,16672,3030],{"class":83},[47,16674,16675,16677,16679,16681,16683,16686,16688,16690,16692,16694,16697,16699],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,16676,12605],{"class":53},[47,16678,58],{"class":57},[47,16680,8568],{"class":919},[47,16682,84],{"class":83},[47,16684,16685],{"class":87},"fromkeys",[47,16687,101],{"class":83},[47,16689,16325],{"class":87},[47,16691,590],{"class":83},[47,16693,62],{"class":61},[47,16695,16696],{"class":65},"unknown",[47,16698,253],{"class":61},[47,16700,107],{"class":83},[47,16702,16703,16705,16707,16710],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,16704,98],{"class":97},[47,16706,101],{"class":83},[47,16708,16709],{"class":87},"person",[47,16711,107],{"class":83},[47,16713,16714],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,16715,16716],{"class":113},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,16718,1486,16719,16722],{},[15,16720,16721],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[33,16724,128,16726,131],{"id":16725},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,16727,16625],{},[20,16729,16730,1032],{},[15,16731,16625],{},[133,16733,16734,16737,16740,16743],{},[136,16735,16736],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[136,16738,16739],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[136,16741,16742],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[136,16744,16745,16746,16749],{},"Is called as ",[15,16747,16748],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,16751,16752,16753,16755,16756,16758,16759,84],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,16754,8218],{},", so you write ",[15,16757,16748],{}," instead of something like ",[15,16760,16761],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,16763,16764,16765,84],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[154,16766,8553],{"href":12423},[33,16768,16770],{"id":16769},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[38,16772,16774],{"className":40,"code":16773,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,16775,16776],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16777,16778,16780,16782,16784,16786,16788,16790,16792],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16779,8218],{"class":919},[47,16781,84],{"class":83},[47,16783,16685],{"class":87},[47,16785,101],{"class":83},[47,16787,3116],{"class":87},[47,16789,590],{"class":83},[47,16791,7832],{"class":87},[47,16793,107],{"class":83},[724,16795,16797],{"id":16796},"parameters","Parameters",[133,16799,16800,16805],{},[136,16801,16802,16804],{},[15,16803,3116],{},": the keys to use",[136,16806,16807,16809],{},[15,16808,1863],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,16811,16812,16813,16815,16816,84],{},"If you leave out ",[15,16814,1863],{},", each key gets ",[15,16817,3174],{},[724,16819,16821],{"id":16820},"return-value","Return value",[20,16823,16824,16825,84],{},"It returns a ",[121,16826,16827],{},"new dictionary",[33,16829,5188],{"id":5187},[20,16831,16832],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[38,16834,16836],{"className":40,"code":16835,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,16837,16838,16871,16893,16897],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16839,16840,16842,16844,16846,16848,16850,16852,16854,16856,16859,16861,16863,16865,16867,16869],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16841,16644],{"class":53},[47,16843,58],{"class":57},[47,16845,3017],{"class":83},[47,16847,253],{"class":61},[47,16849,12493],{"class":65},[47,16851,253],{"class":61},[47,16853,590],{"class":83},[47,16855,62],{"class":61},[47,16857,16858],{"class":65},"green",[47,16860,253],{"class":61},[47,16862,590],{"class":83},[47,16864,62],{"class":61},[47,16866,12510],{"class":65},[47,16868,253],{"class":61},[47,16870,3030],{"class":83},[47,16872,16873,16875,16877,16879,16881,16883,16885,16887,16889,16891],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,16874,12476],{"class":53},[47,16876,58],{"class":57},[47,16878,8568],{"class":919},[47,16880,84],{"class":83},[47,16882,16685],{"class":87},[47,16884,101],{"class":83},[47,16886,16325],{"class":87},[47,16888,590],{"class":83},[47,16890,3230],{"class":586},[47,16892,107],{"class":83},[47,16894,16895],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,16896,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,16898,16899,16901,16903,16906],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,16900,98],{"class":97},[47,16902,101],{"class":83},[47,16904,16905],{"class":87},"colors",[47,16907,107],{"class":83},[20,16909,338],{},[38,16911,16913],{"className":40,"code":16912,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,16914,16915],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16916,16917,16919,16921,16923,16925,16927,16929,16931,16933,16935,16937,16939,16941,16943,16945,16947,16949,16951,16953],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16918,8676],{"class":83},[47,16920,2693],{"class":61},[47,16922,12493],{"class":65},[47,16924,2693],{"class":61},[47,16926,1032],{"class":83},[47,16928,3230],{"class":586},[47,16930,590],{"class":83},[47,16932,2688],{"class":61},[47,16934,16858],{"class":65},[47,16936,2693],{"class":61},[47,16938,1032],{"class":83},[47,16940,3230],{"class":586},[47,16942,590],{"class":83},[47,16944,2688],{"class":61},[47,16946,12510],{"class":65},[47,16948,2693],{"class":61},[47,16950,1032],{"class":83},[47,16952,3230],{"class":586},[47,16954,8707],{"class":83},[20,16956,11082],{},[133,16958,16959,16964,16969],{},[136,16960,16961,16963],{},[15,16962,16325],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[136,16965,16966,16968],{},[15,16967,1514],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[136,16970,16971,16973],{},[15,16972,16625],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,16975,16976,16977,84],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[154,16978,8790],{"href":12426},[33,16980,7816,16982,16984],{"id":16981},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,16983,16620],{}," without a value",[20,16986,16987,16988,84],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,16989,3174],{},[38,16991,16993],{"className":40,"code":16992,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,16994,16995,17029,17049,17053],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16996,16997,17000,17002,17004,17006,17008,17010,17012,17014,17016,17018,17020,17022,17025,17027],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16998,16999],{"class":53},"fields ",[47,17001,58],{"class":57},[47,17003,3017],{"class":83},[47,17005,253],{"class":61},[47,17007,7384],{"class":65},[47,17009,253],{"class":61},[47,17011,590],{"class":83},[47,17013,62],{"class":61},[47,17015,14661],{"class":65},[47,17017,253],{"class":61},[47,17019,590],{"class":83},[47,17021,62],{"class":61},[47,17023,17024],{"class":65},"password",[47,17026,253],{"class":61},[47,17028,3030],{"class":83},[47,17030,17031,17034,17036,17038,17040,17042,17044,17047],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,17032,17033],{"class":53},"user_data ",[47,17035,58],{"class":57},[47,17037,8568],{"class":919},[47,17039,84],{"class":83},[47,17041,16685],{"class":87},[47,17043,101],{"class":83},[47,17045,17046],{"class":87},"fields",[47,17048,107],{"class":83},[47,17050,17051],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,17052,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,17054,17055,17057,17059,17062],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,17056,98],{"class":97},[47,17058,101],{"class":83},[47,17060,17061],{"class":87},"user_data",[47,17063,107],{"class":83},[20,17065,338],{},[38,17067,17069],{"className":40,"code":17068,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17070,17071],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17072,17073,17075,17077,17079,17081,17083,17085,17087,17089,17091,17093,17095,17097,17099,17101,17103,17105,17107,17109],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17074,8676],{"class":83},[47,17076,2693],{"class":61},[47,17078,7384],{"class":65},[47,17080,2693],{"class":61},[47,17082,1032],{"class":83},[47,17084,3248],{"class":1271},[47,17086,590],{"class":83},[47,17088,2688],{"class":61},[47,17090,14661],{"class":65},[47,17092,2693],{"class":61},[47,17094,1032],{"class":83},[47,17096,3248],{"class":1271},[47,17098,590],{"class":83},[47,17100,2688],{"class":61},[47,17102,17024],{"class":65},[47,17104,2693],{"class":61},[47,17106,1032],{"class":83},[47,17108,3248],{"class":1271},[47,17110,8707],{"class":83},[20,17112,17113],{},"This is useful when:",[133,17115,17116,17119,17122],{},[136,17117,17118],{},"You want to create the keys first",[136,17120,17121],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[136,17123,17124],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17126,538],{},[38,17128,17130],{"className":40,"code":17129,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17131,17132,17164,17182,17186,17208,17231,17235],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17133,17134,17136,17138,17140,17142,17144,17146,17148,17150,17152,17154,17156,17158,17160,17162],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17135,16999],{"class":53},[47,17137,58],{"class":57},[47,17139,3017],{"class":83},[47,17141,253],{"class":61},[47,17143,7384],{"class":65},[47,17145,253],{"class":61},[47,17147,590],{"class":83},[47,17149,62],{"class":61},[47,17151,14661],{"class":65},[47,17153,253],{"class":61},[47,17155,590],{"class":83},[47,17157,62],{"class":61},[47,17159,17024],{"class":65},[47,17161,253],{"class":61},[47,17163,3030],{"class":83},[47,17165,17166,17168,17170,17172,17174,17176,17178,17180],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,17167,17033],{"class":53},[47,17169,58],{"class":57},[47,17171,8568],{"class":919},[47,17173,84],{"class":83},[47,17175,16685],{"class":87},[47,17177,101],{"class":83},[47,17179,17046],{"class":87},[47,17181,107],{"class":83},[47,17183,17184],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,17185,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,17187,17188,17190,17192,17194,17196,17198,17200,17202,17204,17206],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,17189,17061],{"class":53},[47,17191,3296],{"class":83},[47,17193,253],{"class":61},[47,17195,7384],{"class":65},[47,17197,253],{"class":61},[47,17199,12674],{"class":83},[47,17201,12677],{"class":57},[47,17203,62],{"class":61},[47,17205,403],{"class":65},[47,17207,69],{"class":61},[47,17209,17210,17212,17214,17216,17218,17220,17222,17224,17226,17229],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,17211,17061],{"class":53},[47,17213,3296],{"class":83},[47,17215,253],{"class":61},[47,17217,14661],{"class":65},[47,17219,253],{"class":61},[47,17221,12674],{"class":83},[47,17223,12677],{"class":57},[47,17225,62],{"class":61},[47,17227,17228],{"class":65},"alice@example.com",[47,17230,69],{"class":61},[47,17232,17233],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,17234,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,17236,17237,17239,17241,17243],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,17238,98],{"class":97},[47,17240,101],{"class":83},[47,17242,17061],{"class":87},[47,17244,107],{"class":83},[20,17246,338],{},[38,17248,17250],{"className":40,"code":17249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17251,17252],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17253,17254,17256,17258,17260,17262,17264,17266,17268,17270,17272,17274,17276,17278,17280,17282,17284,17286,17288,17290,17292,17294,17296,17298],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17255,8676],{"class":83},[47,17257,2693],{"class":61},[47,17259,7384],{"class":65},[47,17261,2693],{"class":61},[47,17263,1032],{"class":83},[47,17265,2688],{"class":61},[47,17267,403],{"class":65},[47,17269,2693],{"class":61},[47,17271,590],{"class":83},[47,17273,2688],{"class":61},[47,17275,14661],{"class":65},[47,17277,2693],{"class":61},[47,17279,1032],{"class":83},[47,17281,2688],{"class":61},[47,17283,17228],{"class":65},[47,17285,2693],{"class":61},[47,17287,590],{"class":83},[47,17289,2688],{"class":61},[47,17291,17024],{"class":65},[47,17293,2693],{"class":61},[47,17295,1032],{"class":83},[47,17297,3248],{"class":1271},[47,17299,8707],{"class":83},[20,17301,17302,17303,84],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[154,17304,17306],{"href":17305},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[33,17308,17310],{"id":17309},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,17312,17313],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[133,17315,17316,17321,17326],{},[136,17317,17318,17320],{},[15,17319,3183],{}," (list)",[136,17322,17323,17325],{},[15,17324,3188],{}," (dictionary)",[136,17327,17328,17330],{},[15,17329,3193],{}," (set)",[20,17332,17333,17334,84],{},"All keys will point to the ",[121,17335,17336],{},"same object",[724,17338,17340],{"id":17339},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[38,17342,17344],{"className":40,"code":17343,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17345,17346,17378,17399,17403,17425,17429],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17347,17348,17350,17352,17354,17356,17358,17360,17362,17364,17366,17368,17370,17372,17374,17376],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17349,16644],{"class":53},[47,17351,58],{"class":57},[47,17353,3017],{"class":83},[47,17355,253],{"class":61},[47,17357,154],{"class":65},[47,17359,253],{"class":61},[47,17361,590],{"class":83},[47,17363,62],{"class":61},[47,17365,4158],{"class":65},[47,17367,253],{"class":61},[47,17369,590],{"class":83},[47,17371,62],{"class":61},[47,17373,9138],{"class":65},[47,17375,253],{"class":61},[47,17377,3030],{"class":83},[47,17379,17380,17382,17384,17386,17388,17390,17392,17394,17396],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,17381,8563],{"class":53},[47,17383,58],{"class":57},[47,17385,8568],{"class":919},[47,17387,84],{"class":83},[47,17389,16685],{"class":87},[47,17391,101],{"class":83},[47,17393,16325],{"class":87},[47,17395,590],{"class":83},[47,17397,17398],{"class":83}," [])\n",[47,17400,17401],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,17402,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,17404,17405,17407,17409,17411,17413,17415,17417,17419,17421,17423],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,17406,8602],{"class":53},[47,17408,3296],{"class":83},[47,17410,253],{"class":61},[47,17412,154],{"class":65},[47,17414,253],{"class":61},[47,17416,12951],{"class":83},[47,17418,12954],{"class":87},[47,17420,101],{"class":83},[47,17422,2377],{"class":586},[47,17424,107],{"class":83},[47,17426,17427],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,17428,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,17430,17431,17433,17435,17437],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,17432,98],{"class":97},[47,17434,101],{"class":83},[47,17436,8602],{"class":87},[47,17438,107],{"class":83},[20,17440,338],{},[38,17442,17444],{"className":40,"code":17443,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,17445,17446],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17447,17448,17450,17452,17454,17456,17458,17460,17462,17465,17467,17469,17471,17473,17475,17477,17479,17481,17483,17485,17487,17489,17491],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17449,8676],{"class":83},[47,17451,2693],{"class":61},[47,17453,154],{"class":65},[47,17455,2693],{"class":61},[47,17457,1032],{"class":83},[47,17459,3017],{"class":83},[47,17461,2377],{"class":586},[47,17463,17464],{"class":83},"],",[47,17466,2688],{"class":61},[47,17468,4158],{"class":65},[47,17470,2693],{"class":61},[47,17472,1032],{"class":83},[47,17474,3017],{"class":83},[47,17476,2377],{"class":586},[47,17478,17464],{"class":83},[47,17480,2688],{"class":61},[47,17482,9138],{"class":65},[47,17484,2693],{"class":61},[47,17486,1032],{"class":83},[47,17488,3017],{"class":83},[47,17490,2377],{"class":586},[47,17492,13107],{"class":83},[20,17494,17495,17496,17499],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,17497,17498],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[724,17501,17503],{"id":17502},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,17505,17506,17509],{},[15,17507,17508],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,17511,17512],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,17514,17515],{},"So this:",[38,17517,17519],{"className":40,"code":17518,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,17520,17521],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17522,17523,17525,17527,17529,17531,17533,17535,17537,17539,17541],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17524,8602],{"class":53},[47,17526,3296],{"class":83},[47,17528,253],{"class":61},[47,17530,154],{"class":65},[47,17532,253],{"class":61},[47,17534,12951],{"class":83},[47,17536,12954],{"class":87},[47,17538,101],{"class":83},[47,17540,2377],{"class":586},[47,17542,107],{"class":83},[20,17544,17545,17546,84],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,17547,17498],{},[724,17549,17551],{"id":17550},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,17553,17554],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[38,17556,17558],{"className":40,"code":17557,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17559,17560,17592,17619,17623,17645,17649],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17561,17562,17564,17566,17568,17570,17572,17574,17576,17578,17580,17582,17584,17586,17588,17590],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17563,16644],{"class":53},[47,17565,58],{"class":57},[47,17567,3017],{"class":83},[47,17569,253],{"class":61},[47,17571,154],{"class":65},[47,17573,253],{"class":61},[47,17575,590],{"class":83},[47,17577,62],{"class":61},[47,17579,4158],{"class":65},[47,17581,253],{"class":61},[47,17583,590],{"class":83},[47,17585,62],{"class":61},[47,17587,9138],{"class":65},[47,17589,253],{"class":61},[47,17591,3030],{"class":83},[47,17593,17594,17596,17598,17600,17602,17604,17607,17609,17612,17614,17617],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,17595,8563],{"class":53},[47,17597,58],{"class":57},[47,17599,9890],{"class":83},[47,17601,14243],{"class":53},[47,17603,1032],{"class":83},[47,17605,17606],{"class":83}," []",[47,17608,3272],{"class":655},[47,17610,17611],{"class":53}," key ",[47,17613,3278],{"class":655},[47,17615,17616],{"class":53}," keys",[47,17618,8707],{"class":83},[47,17620,17621],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,17622,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,17624,17625,17627,17629,17631,17633,17635,17637,17639,17641,17643],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,17626,8602],{"class":53},[47,17628,3296],{"class":83},[47,17630,253],{"class":61},[47,17632,154],{"class":65},[47,17634,253],{"class":61},[47,17636,12951],{"class":83},[47,17638,12954],{"class":87},[47,17640,101],{"class":83},[47,17642,2377],{"class":586},[47,17644,107],{"class":83},[47,17646,17647],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,17648,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,17650,17651,17653,17655,17657],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,17652,98],{"class":97},[47,17654,101],{"class":83},[47,17656,8602],{"class":87},[47,17658,107],{"class":83},[20,17660,338],{},[38,17662,17664],{"className":40,"code":17663,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,17665,17666],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17667,17668,17670,17672,17674,17676,17678,17680,17682,17684,17686,17688,17690,17692,17695,17697,17699,17701,17703],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17669,8676],{"class":83},[47,17671,2693],{"class":61},[47,17673,154],{"class":65},[47,17675,2693],{"class":61},[47,17677,1032],{"class":83},[47,17679,3017],{"class":83},[47,17681,2377],{"class":586},[47,17683,17464],{"class":83},[47,17685,2688],{"class":61},[47,17687,4158],{"class":65},[47,17689,2693],{"class":61},[47,17691,1032],{"class":83},[47,17693,17694],{"class":83}," [],",[47,17696,2688],{"class":61},[47,17698,9138],{"class":65},[47,17700,2693],{"class":61},[47,17702,1032],{"class":83},[47,17704,17705],{"class":83}," []}\n",[20,17707,17708],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,17710,17711],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[33,17713,603,17715],{"id":17714},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,17716,16620],{},[20,17718,17719,17721],{},[15,17720,16625],{}," is a good choice when:",[133,17723,17724,17727,17730],{},[136,17725,17726],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[136,17728,17729],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[136,17731,17732],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,17734,1520],{},[38,17736,17738],{"className":40,"code":17737,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,17739,17740,17785],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17741,17742,17745,17747,17749,17751,17753,17755,17757,17760,17762,17764,17766,17768,17770,17772,17774,17777,17779,17781,17783],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17743,17744],{"class":53},"flags ",[47,17746,58],{"class":57},[47,17748,8568],{"class":919},[47,17750,84],{"class":83},[47,17752,16685],{"class":87},[47,17754,2374],{"class":83},[47,17756,253],{"class":61},[47,17758,17759],{"class":65},"is_admin",[47,17761,253],{"class":61},[47,17763,590],{"class":83},[47,17765,62],{"class":61},[47,17767,14481],{"class":65},[47,17769,253],{"class":61},[47,17771,590],{"class":83},[47,17773,62],{"class":61},[47,17775,17776],{"class":65},"is_verified",[47,17778,253],{"class":61},[47,17780,17464],{"class":83},[47,17782,3303],{"class":1271},[47,17784,107],{"class":83},[47,17786,17787,17789,17791,17794],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,17788,98],{"class":97},[47,17790,101],{"class":83},[47,17792,17793],{"class":87},"flags",[47,17795,107],{"class":83},[38,17797,17799],{"className":40,"code":17798,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,17800,17801,17846],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17802,17803,17805,17807,17809,17811,17813,17815,17817,17820,17822,17824,17826,17829,17831,17833,17835,17838,17840,17842,17844],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17804,4461],{"class":53},[47,17806,58],{"class":57},[47,17808,8568],{"class":919},[47,17810,84],{"class":83},[47,17812,16685],{"class":87},[47,17814,2374],{"class":83},[47,17816,253],{"class":61},[47,17818,17819],{"class":65},"math",[47,17821,253],{"class":61},[47,17823,590],{"class":83},[47,17825,62],{"class":61},[47,17827,17828],{"class":65},"science",[47,17830,253],{"class":61},[47,17832,590],{"class":83},[47,17834,62],{"class":61},[47,17836,17837],{"class":65},"history",[47,17839,253],{"class":61},[47,17841,17464],{"class":83},[47,17843,3230],{"class":586},[47,17845,107],{"class":83},[47,17847,17848,17850,17852,17854],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,17849,98],{"class":97},[47,17851,101],{"class":83},[47,17853,15792],{"class":87},[47,17855,107],{"class":83},[20,17857,17858,17859,17861],{},"It is ",[121,17860,123],{}," the best choice when:",[133,17863,17864,17867],{},[136,17865,17866],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[136,17868,17869],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[33,17871,17873,17875],{"id":17872},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,17874,16620],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,17877,17878,17880],{},[15,17879,16620],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[724,17882,7816,17884],{"id":17883},"using-fromkeys",[15,17885,16620],{},[38,17887,17889],{"className":40,"code":17888,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,17890,17891,17936],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17892,17893,17895,17897,17899,17901,17903,17905,17907,17910,17912,17914,17916,17919,17921,17923,17925,17928,17930,17932,17934],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17894,13227],{"class":53},[47,17896,58],{"class":57},[47,17898,8568],{"class":919},[47,17900,84],{"class":83},[47,17902,16685],{"class":87},[47,17904,2374],{"class":83},[47,17906,253],{"class":61},[47,17908,17909],{"class":65},"sound",[47,17911,253],{"class":61},[47,17913,590],{"class":83},[47,17915,62],{"class":61},[47,17917,17918],{"class":65},"music",[47,17920,253],{"class":61},[47,17922,590],{"class":83},[47,17924,62],{"class":61},[47,17926,17927],{"class":65},"notifications",[47,17929,253],{"class":61},[47,17931,17464],{"class":83},[47,17933,3312],{"class":1271},[47,17935,107],{"class":83},[47,17937,17938,17940,17942,17944],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,17939,98],{"class":97},[47,17941,101],{"class":83},[47,17943,13286],{"class":87},[47,17945,107],{"class":83},[724,17947,17949],{"id":17948},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[38,17951,17953],{"className":40,"code":17952,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,17954,17955,17963,17977,17991,18003,18007],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17956,17957,17959,17961],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17958,13227],{"class":53},[47,17960,58],{"class":57},[47,17962,10891],{"class":83},[47,17964,17965,17967,17969,17971,17973,17975],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,17966,10896],{"class":61},[47,17968,17909],{"class":65},[47,17970,253],{"class":61},[47,17972,1032],{"class":83},[47,17974,3312],{"class":1271},[47,17976,10912],{"class":83},[47,17978,17979,17981,17983,17985,17987,17989],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,17980,10896],{"class":61},[47,17982,17918],{"class":65},[47,17984,253],{"class":61},[47,17986,1032],{"class":83},[47,17988,3303],{"class":1271},[47,17990,10912],{"class":83},[47,17992,17993,17995,17997,17999,18001],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,17994,10896],{"class":61},[47,17996,17927],{"class":65},[47,17998,253],{"class":61},[47,18000,1032],{"class":83},[47,18002,5822],{"class":1271},[47,18004,18005],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,18006,8707],{"class":83},[47,18008,18009,18011,18013,18015],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,18010,98],{"class":97},[47,18012,101],{"class":83},[47,18014,13286],{"class":87},[47,18016,107],{"class":83},[20,18018,18019],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[724,18021,18023],{"id":18022},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[38,18025,18027],{"className":40,"code":18026,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18028,18029,18061,18085],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18030,18031,18033,18035,18037,18039,18041,18043,18045,18047,18049,18051,18053,18055,18057,18059],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18032,16644],{"class":53},[47,18034,58],{"class":57},[47,18036,3017],{"class":83},[47,18038,253],{"class":61},[47,18040,154],{"class":65},[47,18042,253],{"class":61},[47,18044,590],{"class":83},[47,18046,62],{"class":61},[47,18048,4158],{"class":65},[47,18050,253],{"class":61},[47,18052,590],{"class":83},[47,18054,62],{"class":61},[47,18056,9138],{"class":65},[47,18058,253],{"class":61},[47,18060,3030],{"class":83},[47,18062,18063,18065,18067,18069,18071,18073,18075,18077,18079,18081,18083],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,18064,8563],{"class":53},[47,18066,58],{"class":57},[47,18068,9890],{"class":83},[47,18070,14243],{"class":53},[47,18072,1032],{"class":83},[47,18074,17606],{"class":83},[47,18076,3272],{"class":655},[47,18078,17611],{"class":53},[47,18080,3278],{"class":655},[47,18082,17616],{"class":53},[47,18084,8707],{"class":83},[47,18086,18087,18089,18091,18093],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,18088,98],{"class":97},[47,18090,101],{"class":83},[47,18092,8602],{"class":87},[47,18094,107],{"class":83},[20,18096,18097],{},"Use:",[133,18099,18100,18105,18108],{},[136,18101,18102,18104],{},[15,18103,16620],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[136,18106,18107],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[136,18109,18110],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18112,18113,18114,84],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[154,18115,10137,18116,1289],{"href":13434},[15,18117,14356],{},[33,18119,722],{"id":721},[20,18121,14135,18122,84],{},[15,18123,16625],{},[724,18125,18127],{"id":18126},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[38,18129,18131],{"className":40,"code":18130,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18132,18133,18166,18189],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18134,18135,18138,18140,18142,18144,18146,18148,18150,18152,18154,18156,18158,18160,18162,18164],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18136,18137],{"class":53},"d ",[47,18139,58],{"class":57},[47,18141,8568],{"class":919},[47,18143,84],{"class":83},[47,18145,16685],{"class":87},[47,18147,2374],{"class":83},[47,18149,253],{"class":61},[47,18151,154],{"class":65},[47,18153,253],{"class":61},[47,18155,590],{"class":83},[47,18157,62],{"class":61},[47,18159,4158],{"class":65},[47,18161,253],{"class":61},[47,18163,17464],{"class":83},[47,18165,17398],{"class":83},[47,18167,18168,18171,18173,18175,18177,18179,18181,18183,18185,18187],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,18169,18170],{"class":53},"d",[47,18172,3296],{"class":83},[47,18174,253],{"class":61},[47,18176,154],{"class":65},[47,18178,253],{"class":61},[47,18180,12951],{"class":83},[47,18182,12954],{"class":87},[47,18184,101],{"class":83},[47,18186,2377],{"class":586},[47,18188,107],{"class":83},[47,18190,18191,18193,18195,18197],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,18192,98],{"class":97},[47,18194,101],{"class":83},[47,18196,18170],{"class":87},[47,18198,107],{"class":83},[20,18200,338],{},[38,18202,18204],{"className":40,"code":18203,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18205,18206],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18207,18208,18210,18212,18214,18216,18218,18220,18222,18224,18226,18228,18230,18232,18234,18236],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18209,8676],{"class":83},[47,18211,2693],{"class":61},[47,18213,154],{"class":65},[47,18215,2693],{"class":61},[47,18217,1032],{"class":83},[47,18219,3017],{"class":83},[47,18221,2377],{"class":586},[47,18223,17464],{"class":83},[47,18225,2688],{"class":61},[47,18227,4158],{"class":65},[47,18229,2693],{"class":61},[47,18231,1032],{"class":83},[47,18233,3017],{"class":83},[47,18235,2377],{"class":586},[47,18237,13107],{"class":83},[20,18239,18240],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18242,18243],{},"Use this instead:",[38,18245,18247],{"className":40,"code":18246,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18248,18249,18273,18297],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18250,18251,18253,18255,18257,18259,18261,18263,18265,18267,18269,18271],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18252,16644],{"class":53},[47,18254,58],{"class":57},[47,18256,3017],{"class":83},[47,18258,253],{"class":61},[47,18260,154],{"class":65},[47,18262,253],{"class":61},[47,18264,590],{"class":83},[47,18266,62],{"class":61},[47,18268,4158],{"class":65},[47,18270,253],{"class":61},[47,18272,3030],{"class":83},[47,18274,18275,18277,18279,18281,18283,18285,18287,18289,18291,18293,18295],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,18276,18137],{"class":53},[47,18278,58],{"class":57},[47,18280,9890],{"class":83},[47,18282,14243],{"class":53},[47,18284,1032],{"class":83},[47,18286,17606],{"class":83},[47,18288,3272],{"class":655},[47,18290,17611],{"class":53},[47,18292,3278],{"class":655},[47,18294,17616],{"class":53},[47,18296,8707],{"class":83},[47,18298,18299,18301,18303,18305],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,18300,98],{"class":97},[47,18302,101],{"class":83},[47,18304,18170],{"class":87},[47,18306,107],{"class":83},[724,18308,844,18310,18312],{"id":18309},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list",[15,18311,16620],{}," on a list",[20,18314,18315],{},"Wrong idea:",[38,18317,18319],{"className":40,"code":18318,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,18320,18321,18353],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18322,18323,18325,18327,18329,18331,18333,18335,18337,18339,18341,18343,18345,18347,18349,18351],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18324,16644],{"class":53},[47,18326,58],{"class":57},[47,18328,3017],{"class":83},[47,18330,253],{"class":61},[47,18332,154],{"class":65},[47,18334,253],{"class":61},[47,18336,590],{"class":83},[47,18338,62],{"class":61},[47,18340,4158],{"class":65},[47,18342,253],{"class":61},[47,18344,590],{"class":83},[47,18346,62],{"class":61},[47,18348,9138],{"class":65},[47,18350,253],{"class":61},[47,18352,3030],{"class":83},[47,18354,18355],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,18356,18357],{"class":113},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,18359,18360,18362,18363,18365,18366,84],{},[15,18361,16620],{}," belongs to ",[15,18364,8218],{},", not ",[15,18367,7492],{},[20,18369,18370],{},"Correct usage:",[38,18372,18374],{"className":40,"code":18373,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18375,18376,18408,18430],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18377,18378,18380,18382,18384,18386,18388,18390,18392,18394,18396,18398,18400,18402,18404,18406],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18379,16644],{"class":53},[47,18381,58],{"class":57},[47,18383,3017],{"class":83},[47,18385,253],{"class":61},[47,18387,154],{"class":65},[47,18389,253],{"class":61},[47,18391,590],{"class":83},[47,18393,62],{"class":61},[47,18395,4158],{"class":65},[47,18397,253],{"class":61},[47,18399,590],{"class":83},[47,18401,62],{"class":61},[47,18403,9138],{"class":65},[47,18405,253],{"class":61},[47,18407,3030],{"class":83},[47,18409,18410,18412,18414,18416,18418,18420,18422,18424,18426,18428],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,18411,18137],{"class":53},[47,18413,58],{"class":57},[47,18415,8568],{"class":919},[47,18417,84],{"class":83},[47,18419,16685],{"class":87},[47,18421,101],{"class":83},[47,18423,16325],{"class":87},[47,18425,590],{"class":83},[47,18427,3230],{"class":586},[47,18429,107],{"class":83},[47,18431,18432,18434,18436,18438],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,18433,98],{"class":97},[47,18435,101],{"class":83},[47,18437,18170],{"class":87},[47,18439,107],{"class":83},[724,18441,7852,18443,18445],{"id":18442},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,18444,16620],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,18447,18448,18450],{},[15,18449,16625],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[38,18452,18454],{"className":40,"code":18453,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,18455,18456,18476,18510,18514,18524],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18457,18458,18460,18462,18464,18466,18468,18470,18472,18474],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18459,11485],{"class":53},[47,18461,58],{"class":57},[47,18463,9890],{"class":83},[47,18465,253],{"class":61},[47,18467,1567],{"class":65},[47,18469,253],{"class":61},[47,18471,1032],{"class":83},[47,18473,4898],{"class":586},[47,18475,8707],{"class":83},[47,18477,18478,18480,18482,18484,18486,18488,18490,18492,18494,18496,18498,18500,18502,18504,18506,18508],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,18479,12438],{"class":53},[47,18481,58],{"class":57},[47,18483,8568],{"class":919},[47,18485,84],{"class":83},[47,18487,16685],{"class":87},[47,18489,2374],{"class":83},[47,18491,253],{"class":61},[47,18493,154],{"class":65},[47,18495,253],{"class":61},[47,18497,590],{"class":83},[47,18499,62],{"class":61},[47,18501,4158],{"class":65},[47,18503,253],{"class":61},[47,18505,17464],{"class":83},[47,18507,3230],{"class":586},[47,18509,107],{"class":83},[47,18511,18512],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,18513,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,18515,18516,18518,18520,18522],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,18517,98],{"class":97},[47,18519,101],{"class":83},[47,18521,11532],{"class":87},[47,18523,107],{"class":83},[47,18525,18526,18528,18530,18533],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,18527,98],{"class":97},[47,18529,101],{"class":83},[47,18531,18532],{"class":87},"new_dict",[47,18534,107],{"class":83},[20,18536,338],{},[38,18538,18540],{"className":40,"code":18539,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,18541,18542,18558],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18543,18544,18546,18548,18550,18552,18554,18556],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18545,8676],{"class":83},[47,18547,2693],{"class":61},[47,18549,1567],{"class":65},[47,18551,2693],{"class":61},[47,18553,1032],{"class":83},[47,18555,4898],{"class":586},[47,18557,8707],{"class":83},[47,18559,18560,18562,18564,18566,18568,18570,18572,18574,18576,18578,18580,18582,18584],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,18561,8676],{"class":83},[47,18563,2693],{"class":61},[47,18565,154],{"class":65},[47,18567,2693],{"class":61},[47,18569,1032],{"class":83},[47,18571,3230],{"class":586},[47,18573,590],{"class":83},[47,18575,2688],{"class":61},[47,18577,4158],{"class":65},[47,18579,2693],{"class":61},[47,18581,1032],{"class":83},[47,18583,3230],{"class":586},[47,18585,8707],{"class":83},[20,18587,18588,18589,84],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[154,18590,10137,18591,1289],{"href":13434},[15,18592,14356],{},[724,18594,18596,18597],{"id":18595},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,18598,3174],{},[38,18600,18602],{"className":40,"code":18601,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,18603,18604,18634],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18605,18606,18608,18610,18612,18614,18616,18618,18620,18622,18624,18626,18628,18630,18632],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18607,18137],{"class":53},[47,18609,58],{"class":57},[47,18611,8568],{"class":919},[47,18613,84],{"class":83},[47,18615,16685],{"class":87},[47,18617,2374],{"class":83},[47,18619,253],{"class":61},[47,18621,1567],{"class":65},[47,18623,253],{"class":61},[47,18625,590],{"class":83},[47,18627,62],{"class":61},[47,18629,11144],{"class":65},[47,18631,253],{"class":61},[47,18633,3284],{"class":83},[47,18635,18636,18638,18640,18642],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,18637,98],{"class":97},[47,18639,101],{"class":83},[47,18641,18170],{"class":87},[47,18643,107],{"class":83},[20,18645,338],{},[38,18647,18649],{"className":40,"code":18648,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,18650,18651],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18652,18653,18655,18657,18659,18661,18663,18665,18667,18669,18671,18673,18675,18677],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18654,8676],{"class":83},[47,18656,2693],{"class":61},[47,18658,1567],{"class":65},[47,18660,2693],{"class":61},[47,18662,1032],{"class":83},[47,18664,3248],{"class":1271},[47,18666,590],{"class":83},[47,18668,2688],{"class":61},[47,18670,11144],{"class":65},[47,18672,2693],{"class":61},[47,18674,1032],{"class":83},[47,18676,3248],{"class":1271},[47,18678,8707],{"class":83},[20,18680,18681,18682,84],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,18683,3174],{},[33,18685,18687],{"id":18686},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,18689,18690,18691,18693],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,18692,16620],{}," works.",[38,18695,18697],{"className":40,"code":18696,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,18698,18699],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18700,18701,18703,18705,18707,18709,18711,18713,18715,18717,18719,18721,18723,18725,18727,18729,18731],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18702,98],{"class":97},[47,18704,101],{"class":83},[47,18706,8218],{"class":919},[47,18708,84],{"class":83},[47,18710,16685],{"class":87},[47,18712,2374],{"class":83},[47,18714,253],{"class":61},[47,18716,154],{"class":65},[47,18718,253],{"class":61},[47,18720,590],{"class":83},[47,18722,62],{"class":61},[47,18724,4158],{"class":65},[47,18726,253],{"class":61},[47,18728,17464],{"class":83},[47,18730,3230],{"class":586},[47,18732,1419],{"class":83},[38,18734,18735],{"className":40,"code":18601,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,18736,18737,18767],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18738,18739,18741,18743,18745,18747,18749,18751,18753,18755,18757,18759,18761,18763,18765],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18740,18137],{"class":53},[47,18742,58],{"class":57},[47,18744,8568],{"class":919},[47,18746,84],{"class":83},[47,18748,16685],{"class":87},[47,18750,2374],{"class":83},[47,18752,253],{"class":61},[47,18754,1567],{"class":65},[47,18756,253],{"class":61},[47,18758,590],{"class":83},[47,18760,62],{"class":61},[47,18762,11144],{"class":65},[47,18764,253],{"class":61},[47,18766,3284],{"class":83},[47,18768,18769,18771,18773,18775],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,18770,98],{"class":97},[47,18772,101],{"class":83},[47,18774,18170],{"class":87},[47,18776,107],{"class":83},[38,18778,18779],{"className":40,"code":18130,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,18780,18781,18813,18835],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18782,18783,18785,18787,18789,18791,18793,18795,18797,18799,18801,18803,18805,18807,18809,18811],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18784,18137],{"class":53},[47,18786,58],{"class":57},[47,18788,8568],{"class":919},[47,18790,84],{"class":83},[47,18792,16685],{"class":87},[47,18794,2374],{"class":83},[47,18796,253],{"class":61},[47,18798,154],{"class":65},[47,18800,253],{"class":61},[47,18802,590],{"class":83},[47,18804,62],{"class":61},[47,18806,4158],{"class":65},[47,18808,253],{"class":61},[47,18810,17464],{"class":83},[47,18812,17398],{"class":83},[47,18814,18815,18817,18819,18821,18823,18825,18827,18829,18831,18833],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,18816,18170],{"class":53},[47,18818,3296],{"class":83},[47,18820,253],{"class":61},[47,18822,154],{"class":65},[47,18824,253],{"class":61},[47,18826,12951],{"class":83},[47,18828,12954],{"class":87},[47,18830,101],{"class":83},[47,18832,2377],{"class":586},[47,18834,107],{"class":83},[47,18836,18837,18839,18841,18843],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,18838,98],{"class":97},[47,18840,101],{"class":83},[47,18842,18170],{"class":87},[47,18844,107],{"class":83},[38,18846,18848],{"className":40,"code":18847,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,18849,18850],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18851,18852,18854,18856,18858,18860,18862,18864,18866,18868,18870,18872,18874,18876,18878,18880,18882,18884,18886],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18853,98],{"class":97},[47,18855,101],{"class":83},[47,18857,2613],{"class":919},[47,18859,101],{"class":83},[47,18861,8218],{"class":919},[47,18863,84],{"class":83},[47,18865,16685],{"class":87},[47,18867,2374],{"class":83},[47,18869,2377],{"class":586},[47,18871,590],{"class":83},[47,18873,2382],{"class":586},[47,18875,590],{"class":83},[47,18877,1841],{"class":586},[47,18879,17464],{"class":83},[47,18881,62],{"class":61},[47,18883,1863],{"class":65},[47,18885,253],{"class":61},[47,18887,2300],{"class":83},[33,18889,1155],{"id":1154},[724,18891,1159,18893,18895],{"id":18892},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,18894,16620],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,18897,18898],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[724,18900,18902],{"id":18901},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,18904,18905,18906,84],{},"Each key gets ",[15,18907,3174],{},[724,18909,18911],{"id":18910},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,18913,18914],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[724,18916,18918],{"id":18917},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,18920,17554],{},[38,18922,18924],{"className":40,"code":18923,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,18925,18926,18958],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18927,18928,18930,18932,18934,18936,18938,18940,18942,18944,18946,18948,18950,18952,18954,18956],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18929,16644],{"class":53},[47,18931,58],{"class":57},[47,18933,3017],{"class":83},[47,18935,253],{"class":61},[47,18937,154],{"class":65},[47,18939,253],{"class":61},[47,18941,590],{"class":83},[47,18943,62],{"class":61},[47,18945,4158],{"class":65},[47,18947,253],{"class":61},[47,18949,590],{"class":83},[47,18951,62],{"class":61},[47,18953,9138],{"class":65},[47,18955,253],{"class":61},[47,18957,3030],{"class":83},[47,18959,18960,18962,18964,18966,18968,18970,18972,18974,18976,18978,18980],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,18961,8563],{"class":53},[47,18963,58],{"class":57},[47,18965,9890],{"class":83},[47,18967,14243],{"class":53},[47,18969,1032],{"class":83},[47,18971,17606],{"class":83},[47,18973,3272],{"class":655},[47,18975,17611],{"class":53},[47,18977,3278],{"class":655},[47,18979,17616],{"class":53},[47,18981,8707],{"class":83},[33,18983,1275],{"id":1274},[133,18985,18986,18990,18994,18998,19004],{},[136,18987,18988],{},[154,18989,10643],{"href":12426},[136,18991,18992],{},[154,18993,8553],{"href":12423},[136,18995,18996],{},[154,18997,10652],{"href":17305},[136,18999,19000],{},[154,19001,10137,19002,1289],{"href":13434},[15,19003,14356],{},[136,19005,19006],{},[154,19007,10137,19008,1289],{"href":14401},[15,19009,12176],{},[20,19011,1486,19012,19014],{},[15,19013,16625],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1320,19016,19017],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":19019},[19020,19021,19023,19027,19028,19030,19035,19037,19044,19053,19054,19061],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":16725,"depth":72,"text":19022},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":16769,"depth":72,"text":16770,"children":19024},[19025,19026],{"id":16796,"depth":94,"text":16797},{"id":16820,"depth":94,"text":16821},{"id":5187,"depth":72,"text":5188},{"id":16981,"depth":72,"text":19029},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17309,"depth":72,"text":17310,"children":19031},[19032,19033,19034],{"id":17339,"depth":94,"text":17340},{"id":17502,"depth":94,"text":17503},{"id":17550,"depth":94,"text":17551},{"id":17714,"depth":72,"text":19036},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":17872,"depth":72,"text":19038,"children":19039},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19040,19042,19043],{"id":17883,"depth":94,"text":19041},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":17948,"depth":94,"text":17949},{"id":18022,"depth":94,"text":18023},{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722,"children":19045},[19046,19047,19049,19051],{"id":18126,"depth":94,"text":18127},{"id":18309,"depth":94,"text":19048},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":18442,"depth":94,"text":19050},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":18595,"depth":94,"text":19052},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":18686,"depth":72,"text":18687},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":19055},[19056,19058,19059,19060],{"id":18892,"depth":94,"text":19057},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":18901,"depth":94,"text":18902},{"id":18910,"depth":94,"text":18911},{"id":18917,"depth":94,"text":18918},{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":16612,"description":19062},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19069,"title":19070,"body":19071,"description":20900,"extension":1354,"meta":20901,"navigation":311,"path":20902,"seo":20903,"stem":20904,"__hash__":20905},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19072,"toc":20867},[19073,19078,19084,19095,19225,19232,19237,19241,19257,19259,19357,19360,19377,19381,19383,19388,19426,19429,19447,19449,19567,19572,19576,19592,19595,19731,19734,19739,19745,19748,19785,19788,19792,19797,19873,19877,19882,19964,19966,19982,19987,19991,19997,20066,20069,20086,20089,20171,20177,20180,20200,20204,20209,20215,20221,20292,20295,20301,20304,20378,20384,20390,20398,20408,20410,20505,20511,20516,20603,20609,20611,20616,20638,20641,20736,20739,20770,20783,20785,20793,20799,20805,20808,20814,20819,20826,20831,20833,20864],[10,19074,10719,19076,18],{"id":19075},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19077,10140],{},[20,19079,19080,19081,19083],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19082,10140],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19085,19086,19087,712,19090,1786,19092,19094],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19088,19089],{},"KeyError",[15,19091,10140],{},[15,19093,3174],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[38,19096,19098],{"className":40,"code":19097,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19099,19100,19136,19140,19166,19191],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19101,19102,19104,19106,19108,19110,19112,19114,19116,19118,19120,19122,19124,19126,19128,19130,19132,19134],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19103,12605],{"class":53},[47,19105,58],{"class":57},[47,19107,9890],{"class":83},[47,19109,253],{"class":61},[47,19111,229],{"class":65},[47,19113,253],{"class":61},[47,19115,1032],{"class":83},[47,19117,62],{"class":61},[47,19119,12280],{"class":65},[47,19121,253],{"class":61},[47,19123,590],{"class":83},[47,19125,62],{"class":61},[47,19127,8697],{"class":65},[47,19129,253],{"class":61},[47,19131,1032],{"class":83},[47,19133,8704],{"class":586},[47,19135,8707],{"class":83},[47,19137,19138],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,19139,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,19141,19142,19144,19146,19148,19150,19153,19155,19157,19159,19161,19163],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,19143,98],{"class":97},[47,19145,101],{"class":83},[47,19147,16709],{"class":87},[47,19149,84],{"class":83},[47,19151,19152],{"class":87},"get",[47,19154,101],{"class":83},[47,19156,253],{"class":61},[47,19158,229],{"class":65},[47,19160,253],{"class":61},[47,19162,4761],{"class":83},[47,19164,19165],{"class":113},"           # Ana\n",[47,19167,19168,19170,19172,19174,19176,19178,19180,19182,19184,19186,19188],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,19169,98],{"class":97},[47,19171,101],{"class":83},[47,19173,16709],{"class":87},[47,19175,84],{"class":83},[47,19177,19152],{"class":87},[47,19179,101],{"class":83},[47,19181,253],{"class":61},[47,19183,9808],{"class":65},[47,19185,253],{"class":61},[47,19187,4761],{"class":83},[47,19189,19190],{"class":113},"           # None\n",[47,19192,19193,19195,19197,19199,19201,19203,19205,19207,19209,19211,19213,19215,19218,19220,19222],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,19194,98],{"class":97},[47,19196,101],{"class":83},[47,19198,16709],{"class":87},[47,19200,84],{"class":83},[47,19202,19152],{"class":87},[47,19204,101],{"class":83},[47,19206,253],{"class":61},[47,19208,9808],{"class":65},[47,19210,253],{"class":61},[47,19212,590],{"class":83},[47,19214,62],{"class":61},[47,19216,19217],{"class":65},"N\u002FA",[47,19219,253],{"class":61},[47,19221,4761],{"class":83},[47,19223,19224],{"class":113},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19226,1486,19227,19229,19230,84],{},[15,19228,10140],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19231,19089],{},[33,19233,128,19235,131],{"id":19234},"what-get-does",[15,19236,10140],{},[20,19238,1371,19239,10813],{},[15,19240,10140],{},[133,19242,19243,19246,19251,19254],{},[136,19244,19245],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[136,19247,10824,19248,19250],{},[15,19249,3174],{}," if the key does not exist",[136,19252,19253],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[136,19255,19256],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19258,538],{},[38,19260,19262],{"className":40,"code":19261,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19263,19264,19303,19307,19332],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19265,19266,19268,19270,19272,19274,19276,19278,19280,19282,19285,19287,19289,19291,19294,19296,19298,19301],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19267,12263],{"class":53},[47,19269,58],{"class":57},[47,19271,9890],{"class":83},[47,19273,253],{"class":61},[47,19275,229],{"class":65},[47,19277,253],{"class":61},[47,19279,1032],{"class":83},[47,19281,62],{"class":61},[47,19283,19284],{"class":65},"Lina",[47,19286,253],{"class":61},[47,19288,590],{"class":83},[47,19290,62],{"class":61},[47,19292,19293],{"class":65},"grade",[47,19295,253],{"class":61},[47,19297,1032],{"class":83},[47,19299,19300],{"class":586}," 90",[47,19302,8707],{"class":83},[47,19304,19305],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,19306,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,19308,19309,19311,19313,19315,19317,19319,19321,19323,19325,19327,19329],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,19310,98],{"class":97},[47,19312,101],{"class":83},[47,19314,13027],{"class":87},[47,19316,84],{"class":83},[47,19318,19152],{"class":87},[47,19320,101],{"class":83},[47,19322,253],{"class":61},[47,19324,229],{"class":65},[47,19326,253],{"class":61},[47,19328,4761],{"class":83},[47,19330,19331],{"class":113},"     # Lina\n",[47,19333,19334,19336,19338,19340,19342,19344,19346,19348,19350,19352,19354],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,19335,98],{"class":97},[47,19337,101],{"class":83},[47,19339,13027],{"class":87},[47,19341,84],{"class":83},[47,19343,19152],{"class":87},[47,19345,101],{"class":83},[47,19347,253],{"class":61},[47,19349,14661],{"class":65},[47,19351,253],{"class":61},[47,19353,4761],{"class":83},[47,19355,19356],{"class":113},"    # None\n",[20,19358,19359],{},"In this example:",[133,19361,19362,19367],{},[136,19363,19364,19366],{},[15,19365,14642],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[136,19368,19369,19372,19373,1786,19375],{},[15,19370,19371],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,19374,10140],{},[15,19376,3174],{},[20,19378,12420,19379,84],{},[154,19380,8553],{"href":8552},[33,19382,166],{"id":165},[20,19384,19385,19386,1032],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,19387,10140],{},[38,19389,19391],{"className":40,"code":19390,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,19392,19393,19407],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19394,19395,19397,19399,19401,19403,19405],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19396,15007],{"class":53},[47,19398,84],{"class":83},[47,19400,19152],{"class":87},[47,19402,101],{"class":83},[47,19404,14243],{"class":87},[47,19406,107],{"class":83},[47,19408,19409,19411,19413,19415,19417,19419,19421,19424],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,19410,15007],{"class":53},[47,19412,84],{"class":83},[47,19414,19152],{"class":87},[47,19416,101],{"class":83},[47,19418,14243],{"class":87},[47,19420,590],{"class":83},[47,19422,19423],{"class":87}," default_value",[47,19425,107],{"class":83},[20,19427,19428],{},"What each part means:",[133,19430,19431,19436,19442],{},[136,19432,19433,19435],{},[15,19434,14243],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[136,19437,19438,19441],{},[15,19439,19440],{},"default_value"," is optional",[136,19443,19444,19445],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,19446,3174],{},[20,19448,538],{},[38,19450,19452],{"className":40,"code":19451,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,19453,19454,19478,19482,19507,19533],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19455,19456,19458,19460,19462,19464,19466,19468,19470,19472,19474,19476],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19457,13227],{"class":53},[47,19459,58],{"class":57},[47,19461,9890],{"class":83},[47,19463,253],{"class":61},[47,19465,11894],{"class":65},[47,19467,253],{"class":61},[47,19469,1032],{"class":83},[47,19471,62],{"class":61},[47,19473,11903],{"class":65},[47,19475,253],{"class":61},[47,19477,8707],{"class":83},[47,19479,19480],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,19481,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,19483,19484,19486,19488,19490,19492,19494,19496,19498,19500,19502,19504],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,19485,98],{"class":97},[47,19487,101],{"class":83},[47,19489,13286],{"class":87},[47,19491,84],{"class":83},[47,19493,19152],{"class":87},[47,19495,101],{"class":83},[47,19497,253],{"class":61},[47,19499,11894],{"class":65},[47,19501,253],{"class":61},[47,19503,4761],{"class":83},[47,19505,19506],{"class":113},"            # dark\n",[47,19508,19509,19511,19513,19515,19517,19519,19521,19523,19526,19528,19530],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,19510,98],{"class":97},[47,19512,101],{"class":83},[47,19514,13286],{"class":87},[47,19516,84],{"class":83},[47,19518,19152],{"class":87},[47,19520,101],{"class":83},[47,19522,253],{"class":61},[47,19524,19525],{"class":65},"language",[47,19527,253],{"class":61},[47,19529,4761],{"class":83},[47,19531,19532],{"class":113},"         # None\n",[47,19534,19535,19537,19539,19541,19543,19545,19547,19549,19551,19553,19555,19557,19560,19562,19564],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,19536,98],{"class":97},[47,19538,101],{"class":83},[47,19540,13286],{"class":87},[47,19542,84],{"class":83},[47,19544,19152],{"class":87},[47,19546,101],{"class":83},[47,19548,253],{"class":61},[47,19550,19525],{"class":65},[47,19552,253],{"class":61},[47,19554,590],{"class":83},[47,19556,62],{"class":61},[47,19558,19559],{"class":65},"en",[47,19561,253],{"class":61},[47,19563,4761],{"class":83},[47,19565,19566],{"class":113},"   # en\n",[33,19568,603,19570],{"id":19569},"when-to-use-get",[15,19571,10140],{},[20,19573,1486,19574,10001],{},[15,19575,10140],{},[133,19577,19578,19581,19586,19589],{},[136,19579,19580],{},"A key might not exist",[136,19582,19583,19584],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,19585,19089],{},[136,19587,19588],{},"You are reading optional data",[136,19590,19591],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,19593,19594],{},"Example with optional user data:",[38,19596,19598],{"className":40,"code":19597,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,19599,19600,19642,19646,19671,19697],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19601,19602,19604,19606,19608,19610,19612,19614,19616,19618,19621,19623,19625,19627,19629,19631,19633,19635,19638,19640],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19603,10886],{"class":53},[47,19605,58],{"class":57},[47,19607,9890],{"class":83},[47,19609,253],{"class":61},[47,19611,7384],{"class":65},[47,19613,253],{"class":61},[47,19615,1032],{"class":83},[47,19617,62],{"class":61},[47,19619,19620],{"class":65},"sam",[47,19622,253],{"class":61},[47,19624,590],{"class":83},[47,19626,62],{"class":61},[47,19628,14661],{"class":65},[47,19630,253],{"class":61},[47,19632,1032],{"class":83},[47,19634,62],{"class":61},[47,19636,19637],{"class":65},"sam@example.com",[47,19639,253],{"class":61},[47,19641,8707],{"class":83},[47,19643,19644],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,19645,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,19647,19648,19650,19652,19654,19656,19658,19660,19662,19664,19666,19668],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,19649,98],{"class":97},[47,19651,101],{"class":83},[47,19653,10980],{"class":87},[47,19655,84],{"class":83},[47,19657,19152],{"class":87},[47,19659,101],{"class":83},[47,19661,253],{"class":61},[47,19663,7384],{"class":65},[47,19665,253],{"class":61},[47,19667,4761],{"class":83},[47,19669,19670],{"class":113},"              # sam\n",[47,19672,19673,19675,19677,19679,19681,19683,19685,19687,19690,19692,19694],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,19674,98],{"class":97},[47,19676,101],{"class":83},[47,19678,10980],{"class":87},[47,19680,84],{"class":83},[47,19682,19152],{"class":87},[47,19684,101],{"class":83},[47,19686,253],{"class":61},[47,19688,19689],{"class":65},"phone",[47,19691,253],{"class":61},[47,19693,4761],{"class":83},[47,19695,19696],{"class":113},"                 # None\n",[47,19698,19699,19701,19703,19705,19707,19709,19711,19713,19715,19717,19719,19721,19724,19726,19728],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,19700,98],{"class":97},[47,19702,101],{"class":83},[47,19704,10980],{"class":87},[47,19706,84],{"class":83},[47,19708,19152],{"class":87},[47,19710,101],{"class":83},[47,19712,253],{"class":61},[47,19714,19689],{"class":65},[47,19716,253],{"class":61},[47,19718,590],{"class":83},[47,19720,62],{"class":61},[47,19722,19723],{"class":65},"Not provided",[47,19725,253],{"class":61},[47,19727,4761],{"class":83},[47,19729,19730],{"class":113}," # Not provided\n",[20,19732,19733],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,19735,19736,19737,84],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[154,19738,16001],{"href":16000},[33,19740,19742,19744],{"id":19741},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,19743,10140],{}," vs square brackets",[20,19746,19747],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[38,19749,19751],{"className":40,"code":19750,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,19752,19753,19767],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19754,19755,19757,19759,19761,19763,19765],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19756,8602],{"class":53},[47,19758,3296],{"class":83},[47,19760,253],{"class":61},[47,19762,14243],{"class":65},[47,19764,253],{"class":61},[47,19766,3030],{"class":83},[47,19768,19769,19771,19773,19775,19777,19779,19781,19783],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,19770,8602],{"class":53},[47,19772,84],{"class":83},[47,19774,19152],{"class":87},[47,19776,101],{"class":83},[47,19778,253],{"class":61},[47,19780,14243],{"class":65},[47,19782,253],{"class":61},[47,19784,107],{"class":83},[20,19786,19787],{},"The difference is important.",[724,19789,19791],{"id":19790},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,19793,19794,19795,84],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,19796,19089],{},[38,19798,19800],{"className":40,"code":19799,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,19801,19802,19826,19830,19852],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19803,19804,19806,19808,19810,19812,19814,19816,19818,19820,19822,19824],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19805,8563],{"class":53},[47,19807,58],{"class":57},[47,19809,9890],{"class":83},[47,19811,253],{"class":61},[47,19813,229],{"class":65},[47,19815,253],{"class":61},[47,19817,1032],{"class":83},[47,19819,62],{"class":61},[47,19821,12280],{"class":65},[47,19823,253],{"class":61},[47,19825,8707],{"class":83},[47,19827,19828],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,19829,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,19831,19832,19834,19836,19838,19840,19842,19844,19846,19849],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,19833,98],{"class":97},[47,19835,101],{"class":83},[47,19837,8602],{"class":87},[47,19839,3296],{"class":83},[47,19841,253],{"class":61},[47,19843,229],{"class":65},[47,19845,253],{"class":61},[47,19847,19848],{"class":83},"])",[47,19850,19851],{"class":113},"   # Ana\n",[47,19853,19854,19856,19858,19860,19862,19864,19866,19868,19870],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,19855,98],{"class":97},[47,19857,101],{"class":83},[47,19859,8602],{"class":87},[47,19861,3296],{"class":83},[47,19863,253],{"class":61},[47,19865,9808],{"class":65},[47,19867,253],{"class":61},[47,19869,19848],{"class":83},[47,19871,19872],{"class":113},"   # KeyError\n",[724,19874,19875],{"id":19152},[15,19876,10140],{},[20,19878,19879,19881],{},[15,19880,10140],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[38,19883,19885],{"className":40,"code":19884,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,19886,19887,19911,19915,19939],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19888,19889,19891,19893,19895,19897,19899,19901,19903,19905,19907,19909],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19890,8563],{"class":53},[47,19892,58],{"class":57},[47,19894,9890],{"class":83},[47,19896,253],{"class":61},[47,19898,229],{"class":65},[47,19900,253],{"class":61},[47,19902,1032],{"class":83},[47,19904,62],{"class":61},[47,19906,12280],{"class":65},[47,19908,253],{"class":61},[47,19910,8707],{"class":83},[47,19912,19913],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,19914,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,19916,19917,19919,19921,19923,19925,19927,19929,19931,19933,19935,19937],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,19918,98],{"class":97},[47,19920,101],{"class":83},[47,19922,8602],{"class":87},[47,19924,84],{"class":83},[47,19926,19152],{"class":87},[47,19928,101],{"class":83},[47,19930,253],{"class":61},[47,19932,229],{"class":65},[47,19934,253],{"class":61},[47,19936,4761],{"class":83},[47,19938,19851],{"class":113},[47,19940,19941,19943,19945,19947,19949,19951,19953,19955,19957,19959,19961],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,19942,98],{"class":97},[47,19944,101],{"class":83},[47,19946,8602],{"class":87},[47,19948,84],{"class":83},[47,19950,19152],{"class":87},[47,19952,101],{"class":83},[47,19954,253],{"class":61},[47,19956,9808],{"class":65},[47,19958,253],{"class":61},[47,19960,4761],{"class":83},[47,19962,19963],{"class":113},"   # None\n",[20,19965,18097],{},[133,19967,19968,19974],{},[136,19969,19970,19971],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[121,19972,19973],{},"must exist",[136,19975,19976,19978,19979],{},[15,19977,10140],{}," when the key is ",[121,19980,19981],{},"optional",[20,19983,19984,19985,84],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[154,19986,10663],{"href":10474},[33,19988,19990],{"id":19989},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,19992,19993,19994,19996],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,19995,10140],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[38,19998,20000],{"className":40,"code":19999,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20001,20002,20027,20031],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20003,20004,20007,20009,20011,20013,20015,20017,20019,20021,20023,20025],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20005,20006],{"class":53},"profile ",[47,20008,58],{"class":57},[47,20010,9890],{"class":83},[47,20012,253],{"class":61},[47,20014,229],{"class":65},[47,20016,253],{"class":61},[47,20018,1032],{"class":83},[47,20020,62],{"class":61},[47,20022,7320],{"class":65},[47,20024,253],{"class":61},[47,20026,8707],{"class":83},[47,20028,20029],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,20030,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,20032,20033,20035,20037,20040,20042,20044,20046,20048,20050,20052,20054,20056,20059,20061,20063],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,20034,98],{"class":97},[47,20036,101],{"class":83},[47,20038,20039],{"class":87},"profile",[47,20041,84],{"class":83},[47,20043,19152],{"class":87},[47,20045,101],{"class":83},[47,20047,253],{"class":61},[47,20049,14664],{"class":65},[47,20051,253],{"class":61},[47,20053,590],{"class":83},[47,20055,62],{"class":61},[47,20057,20058],{"class":65},"Unknown",[47,20060,253],{"class":61},[47,20062,4761],{"class":83},[47,20064,20065],{"class":113},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20067,20068],{},"This is useful for display text:",[133,20070,20071,20076,20081],{},[136,20072,20073],{},[15,20074,20075],{},"\"Unknown\"",[136,20077,20078],{},[15,20079,20080],{},"\"Not set\"",[136,20082,20083],{},[15,20084,20085],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20087,20088],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[38,20090,20092],{"className":40,"code":20091,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20093,20094,20126,20130,20157],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20095,20096,20098,20100,20102,20104,20106,20108,20110,20112,20114,20116,20118,20120,20122,20124],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20097,4461],{"class":53},[47,20099,58],{"class":57},[47,20101,9890],{"class":83},[47,20103,253],{"class":61},[47,20105,17819],{"class":65},[47,20107,253],{"class":61},[47,20109,1032],{"class":83},[47,20111,5405],{"class":586},[47,20113,590],{"class":83},[47,20115,62],{"class":61},[47,20117,17828],{"class":65},[47,20119,253],{"class":61},[47,20121,1032],{"class":83},[47,20123,5760],{"class":586},[47,20125,8707],{"class":83},[47,20127,20128],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,20129,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,20131,20132,20135,20137,20139,20141,20143,20145,20147,20149,20151,20153,20155],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,20133,20134],{"class":53},"total_history ",[47,20136,58],{"class":57},[47,20138,4508],{"class":53},[47,20140,84],{"class":83},[47,20142,19152],{"class":87},[47,20144,101],{"class":83},[47,20146,253],{"class":61},[47,20148,17837],{"class":65},[47,20150,253],{"class":61},[47,20152,590],{"class":83},[47,20154,3230],{"class":586},[47,20156,107],{"class":83},[47,20158,20159,20161,20163,20166,20168],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,20160,98],{"class":97},[47,20162,101],{"class":83},[47,20164,20165],{"class":87},"total_history",[47,20167,3057],{"class":83},[47,20169,20170],{"class":113},"   # 0\n",[20,20172,20173,20174,20176],{},"Here, ",[15,20175,1514],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20178,20179],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[133,20181,20182,20185,20190,20195],{},[136,20183,20184],{},"Use a string for text",[136,20186,1486,20187,20189],{},[15,20188,1514],{}," for numbers",[136,20191,1486,20192,20194],{},[15,20193,3183],{}," for lists if needed",[136,20196,1486,20197,20199],{},[15,20198,3188],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[33,20201,20203],{"id":20202},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20205,20206,20207,84],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20208,10140],{},[724,20210,20212,20214],{"id":20211},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20213,10140],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20216,20217,20218,20220],{},"This code does ",[121,20219,123],{}," create a new key:",[38,20222,20224],{"className":40,"code":20223,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20225,20226,20250,20254,20279],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20227,20228,20230,20232,20234,20236,20238,20240,20242,20244,20246,20248],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20229,12605],{"class":53},[47,20231,58],{"class":57},[47,20233,9890],{"class":83},[47,20235,253],{"class":61},[47,20237,229],{"class":65},[47,20239,253],{"class":61},[47,20241,1032],{"class":83},[47,20243,62],{"class":61},[47,20245,12280],{"class":65},[47,20247,253],{"class":61},[47,20249,8707],{"class":83},[47,20251,20252],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,20253,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,20255,20256,20258,20260,20262,20264,20266,20268,20270,20272,20274,20276],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,20257,98],{"class":97},[47,20259,101],{"class":83},[47,20261,16709],{"class":87},[47,20263,84],{"class":83},[47,20265,19152],{"class":87},[47,20267,101],{"class":83},[47,20269,253],{"class":61},[47,20271,9808],{"class":65},[47,20273,253],{"class":61},[47,20275,4761],{"class":83},[47,20277,20278],{"class":113},"  # None\n",[47,20280,20281,20283,20285,20287,20289],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,20282,98],{"class":97},[47,20284,101],{"class":83},[47,20286,16709],{"class":87},[47,20288,3057],{"class":83},[47,20290,20291],{"class":113},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,20293,20294],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[724,20296,20298,20300],{"id":20297},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,20299,10140],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,20302,20303],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[38,20305,20307],{"className":40,"code":20306,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,20308,20309,20335,20339,20365],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20310,20311,20313,20315,20317,20319,20322,20324,20326,20328,20331,20333],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20312,13227],{"class":53},[47,20314,58],{"class":57},[47,20316,9890],{"class":83},[47,20318,253],{"class":61},[47,20320,20321],{"class":65},"mode",[47,20323,253],{"class":61},[47,20325,1032],{"class":83},[47,20327,62],{"class":61},[47,20329,20330],{"class":65},"light",[47,20332,253],{"class":61},[47,20334,8707],{"class":83},[47,20336,20337],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,20338,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,20340,20341,20343,20345,20347,20349,20351,20353,20355,20357,20359,20361,20363],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,20342,13286],{"class":53},[47,20344,84],{"class":83},[47,20346,19152],{"class":87},[47,20348,101],{"class":83},[47,20350,253],{"class":61},[47,20352,11894],{"class":65},[47,20354,253],{"class":61},[47,20356,590],{"class":83},[47,20358,62],{"class":61},[47,20360,11903],{"class":65},[47,20362,253],{"class":61},[47,20364,107],{"class":83},[47,20366,20367,20369,20371,20373,20375],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,20368,98],{"class":97},[47,20370,101],{"class":83},[47,20372,13286],{"class":87},[47,20374,3057],{"class":83},[47,20376,20377],{"class":113},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,20379,443,20380,20383],{},[15,20381,20382],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[724,20385,20387,20388],{"id":20386},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,20389,3174],{},[20,20391,20392,20393,1786,20395,20397],{},"Sometimes ",[15,20394,10140],{},[15,20396,3174],{}," because:",[133,20399,20400,20403],{},[136,20401,20402],{},"The key is missing, or",[136,20404,20405,20406],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,20407,3174],{},[20,20409,538],{},[38,20411,20413],{"className":40,"code":20412,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,20414,20415,20452,20456,20480],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20416,20417,20419,20421,20423,20425,20427,20429,20431,20433,20435,20437,20439,20441,20444,20446,20448,20450],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20418,8563],{"class":53},[47,20420,58],{"class":57},[47,20422,9890],{"class":83},[47,20424,253],{"class":61},[47,20426,229],{"class":65},[47,20428,253],{"class":61},[47,20430,1032],{"class":83},[47,20432,62],{"class":61},[47,20434,12280],{"class":65},[47,20436,253],{"class":61},[47,20438,590],{"class":83},[47,20440,62],{"class":61},[47,20442,20443],{"class":65},"nickname",[47,20445,253],{"class":61},[47,20447,1032],{"class":83},[47,20449,3248],{"class":1271},[47,20451,8707],{"class":83},[47,20453,20454],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,20455,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,20457,20458,20460,20462,20464,20466,20468,20470,20472,20474,20476,20478],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,20459,98],{"class":97},[47,20461,101],{"class":83},[47,20463,8602],{"class":87},[47,20465,84],{"class":83},[47,20467,19152],{"class":87},[47,20469,101],{"class":83},[47,20471,253],{"class":61},[47,20473,20443],{"class":65},[47,20475,253],{"class":61},[47,20477,4761],{"class":83},[47,20479,20278],{"class":113},[47,20481,20482,20484,20486,20488,20490,20492,20494,20496,20498,20500,20502],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,20483,98],{"class":97},[47,20485,101],{"class":83},[47,20487,8602],{"class":87},[47,20489,84],{"class":83},[47,20491,19152],{"class":87},[47,20493,101],{"class":83},[47,20495,253],{"class":61},[47,20497,9808],{"class":65},[47,20499,253],{"class":61},[47,20501,4761],{"class":83},[47,20503,20504],{"class":113},"      # None\n",[20,20506,20507,20508,20510],{},"Both lines print ",[15,20509,3174],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,20512,20513,20514,1032],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,20515,3278],{},[38,20517,20519],{"className":40,"code":20518,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,20520,20521,20557,20561,20582],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20522,20523,20525,20527,20529,20531,20533,20535,20537,20539,20541,20543,20545,20547,20549,20551,20553,20555],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20524,8563],{"class":53},[47,20526,58],{"class":57},[47,20528,9890],{"class":83},[47,20530,253],{"class":61},[47,20532,229],{"class":65},[47,20534,253],{"class":61},[47,20536,1032],{"class":83},[47,20538,62],{"class":61},[47,20540,12280],{"class":65},[47,20542,253],{"class":61},[47,20544,590],{"class":83},[47,20546,62],{"class":61},[47,20548,20443],{"class":65},[47,20550,253],{"class":61},[47,20552,1032],{"class":83},[47,20554,3248],{"class":1271},[47,20556,8707],{"class":83},[47,20558,20559],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,20560,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,20562,20563,20565,20567,20569,20571,20573,20576,20578,20580],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,20564,98],{"class":97},[47,20566,101],{"class":83},[47,20568,253],{"class":61},[47,20570,20443],{"class":65},[47,20572,253],{"class":61},[47,20574,20575],{"class":655}," in",[47,20577,13968],{"class":87},[47,20579,3057],{"class":83},[47,20581,3060],{"class":113},[47,20583,20584,20586,20588,20590,20592,20594,20596,20598,20600],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,20585,98],{"class":97},[47,20587,101],{"class":83},[47,20589,253],{"class":61},[47,20591,9808],{"class":65},[47,20593,253],{"class":61},[47,20595,20575],{"class":655},[47,20597,13968],{"class":87},[47,20599,3057],{"class":83},[47,20601,20602],{"class":113},"      # False\n",[20,20604,20605,20606,84],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[154,20607,20608],{"href":16555},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[33,20610,722],{"id":721},[20,20612,20613,20614,1032],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,20615,10140],{},[133,20617,20618,20623,20630,20635],{},[136,20619,20620,20621],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,20622,19089],{},[136,20624,4101,20625,1786,20627,20629],{},[15,20626,10140],{},[15,20628,3174],{}," if no default is provided",[136,20631,3976,20632,20634],{},[15,20633,10140],{}," creates a key automatically",[136,20636,20637],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,20639,20640],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[38,20642,20644],{"className":40,"code":20643,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,20645,20646,20656,20670,20688,20710],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20647,20648,20650,20652,20654],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20649,98],{"class":97},[47,20651,101],{"class":83},[47,20653,10850],{"class":87},[47,20655,107],{"class":83},[47,20657,20658,20660,20662,20664,20666,20668],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,20659,98],{"class":97},[47,20661,101],{"class":83},[47,20663,10850],{"class":87},[47,20665,84],{"class":83},[47,20667,16325],{"class":87},[47,20669,236],{"class":83},[47,20671,20672,20674,20676,20678,20680,20682,20684,20686],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,20673,98],{"class":97},[47,20675,101],{"class":83},[47,20677,2693],{"class":61},[47,20679,229],{"class":65},[47,20681,2693],{"class":61},[47,20683,20575],{"class":655},[47,20685,11165],{"class":87},[47,20687,107],{"class":83},[47,20689,20690,20692,20694,20696,20698,20700,20702,20704,20706,20708],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,20691,98],{"class":97},[47,20693,101],{"class":83},[47,20695,10850],{"class":87},[47,20697,84],{"class":83},[47,20699,19152],{"class":87},[47,20701,101],{"class":83},[47,20703,2693],{"class":61},[47,20705,229],{"class":65},[47,20707,2693],{"class":61},[47,20709,1419],{"class":83},[47,20711,20712,20714,20716,20718,20720,20722,20724,20726,20728,20730,20732,20734],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,20713,98],{"class":97},[47,20715,101],{"class":83},[47,20717,2613],{"class":919},[47,20719,101],{"class":83},[47,20721,10850],{"class":87},[47,20723,84],{"class":83},[47,20725,19152],{"class":87},[47,20727,101],{"class":83},[47,20729,2693],{"class":61},[47,20731,229],{"class":65},[47,20733,2693],{"class":61},[47,20735,2300],{"class":83},[20,20737,20738],{},"What these checks tell you:",[133,20740,20741,20746,20752,20758,20764],{},[136,20742,20743,20745],{},[15,20744,12079],{}," shows the full dictionary",[136,20747,20748,20751],{},[15,20749,20750],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[136,20753,20754,20757],{},[15,20755,20756],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[136,20759,20760,20763],{},[15,20761,20762],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[136,20765,20766,20769],{},[15,20767,20768],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,20771,20772,20773,1063,20778,20782],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[154,20774,20775,20776,1289],{"href":16464},"the dictionary ",[15,20777,16467],{},[154,20779,20775,20780,1289],{"href":16477},[15,20781,16480],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[33,20784,1155],{"id":1154},[724,20786,1159,20788,20790,20791,1883],{"id":20787},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,20789,10140],{}," raise ",[15,20792,19089],{},[20,20794,20795,20796,20798],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,20797,3174],{}," or the default value you provide.",[724,20800,1159,20802,20804],{"id":20801},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,20803,10140],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,20806,20807],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[724,20809,20811,20812,1883],{"id":20810},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,20813,10140],{},[20,20815,20816,20818],{},[15,20817,3174],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[724,20820,20822,20823,20825],{"id":20821},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,20824,10140],{}," or square brackets?",[20,20827,1486,20828,20830],{},[15,20829,10140],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[33,20832,1275],{"id":1274},[133,20834,20835,20839,20845,20851,20855,20860],{},[136,20836,20837],{},[154,20838,8553],{"href":8552},[136,20840,20841],{},[154,20842,10137,20843,1289],{"href":16464},[15,20844,16467],{},[136,20846,20847],{},[154,20848,10137,20849,1289],{"href":16477},[15,20850,16480],{},[136,20852,20853],{},[154,20854,16556],{"href":16555},[136,20856,20857],{},[154,20858,20859],{"href":16000},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[136,20861,20862],{},[154,20863,10663],{"href":10474},[1320,20865,20866],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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brackets",[20877,20878],{"id":19790,"depth":94,"text":19791},{"id":19152,"depth":94,"text":10140},{"id":19989,"depth":72,"text":19990},{"id":20202,"depth":72,"text":20203,"children":20881},[20882,20884,20886],{"id":20211,"depth":94,"text":20883},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20297,"depth":94,"text":20885},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20386,"depth":94,"text":20887},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":20890},[20891,20893,20895,20897],{"id":20787,"depth":94,"text":20892},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":20801,"depth":94,"text":20894},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":20810,"depth":94,"text":20896},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":20821,"depth":94,"text":20898},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19070,"description":20900},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":20907,"title":20908,"body":20909,"description":23466,"extension":1354,"meta":23467,"navigation":311,"path":23468,"seo":23469,"stem":23470,"__hash__":23471},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":20910,"toc":23432},[20911,20916,20922,20928,20930,21012,21016,21033,21038,21043,21048,21050,21064,21066,21129,21133,21173,21181,21183,21185,21200,21203,21216,21218,21297,21301,21367,21369,21373,21381,21383,21394,21396,21506,21510,21589,21595,21601,21606,21719,21723,21755,21758,21865,21871,21878,21882,21885,21988,21992,22053,22056,22059,22070,22079,22082,22099,22101,22200,22204,22279,22282,22305,22310,22315,22332,22334,22455,22459,22493,22495,22500,22507,22517,22519,22597,22600,22671,22681,22684,22716,22719,22758,22764,22771,22774,22865,22869,22950,22956,22959,22962,23067,23070,23073,23195,23199,23202,23269,23273,23310,23316,23318,23324,23329,23335,23342,23348,23351,23390,23396,23399,23401,23429],[10,20912,10719,20914,18],{"id":20913},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,20915,16480],{},[20,20917,1371,20918,20921],{},[15,20919,20920],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,20923,20924,20925,20927],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,20926,16480],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[33,20929,36],{"id":35},[38,20931,20933],{"className":40,"code":20932,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,20934,20935,20971,20975,20998],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20936,20937,20939,20941,20943,20945,20947,20949,20951,20953,20955,20957,20959,20961,20963,20965,20967,20969],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20938,12605],{"class":53},[47,20940,58],{"class":57},[47,20942,9890],{"class":83},[47,20944,253],{"class":61},[47,20946,229],{"class":65},[47,20948,253],{"class":61},[47,20950,1032],{"class":83},[47,20952,62],{"class":61},[47,20954,12280],{"class":65},[47,20956,253],{"class":61},[47,20958,590],{"class":83},[47,20960,62],{"class":61},[47,20962,8697],{"class":65},[47,20964,253],{"class":61},[47,20966,1032],{"class":83},[47,20968,8704],{"class":586},[47,20970,8707],{"class":83},[47,20972,20973],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,20974,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,20976,20977,20979,20982,20984,20987,20989,20991,20993,20995],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,20978,5359],{"class":655},[47,20980,20981],{"class":53}," key",[47,20983,590],{"class":83},[47,20985,20986],{"class":53}," value ",[47,20988,3278],{"class":655},[47,20990,12648],{"class":53},[47,20992,84],{"class":83},[47,20994,7209],{"class":87},[47,20996,20997],{"class":83},"():\n",[47,20999,21000,21002,21004,21006,21008,21010],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,21001,684],{"class":97},[47,21003,101],{"class":83},[47,21005,14243],{"class":87},[47,21007,590],{"class":83},[47,21009,7832],{"class":87},[47,21011,107],{"class":83},[20,21013,21014],{},[121,21015,338],{},[38,21017,21019],{"className":40,"code":21018,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21020,21021,21026],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21022,21023],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21024,21025],{"class":53},"name Ana\n",[47,21027,21028,21031],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,21029,21030],{"class":53},"age ",[47,21032,2098],{"class":586},[20,21034,1486,21035,21037],{},[15,21036,16480],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[33,21039,128,21041,131],{"id":21040},"what-items-does",[15,21042,16480],{},[20,21044,21045,21047],{},[15,21046,16480],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21049,188],{},[133,21051,21052,21058,21061],{},[136,21053,21054,21055],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21056,21057],{},"(key, value)",[136,21059,21060],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[136,21062,21063],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21065,538],{},[38,21067,21069],{"className":40,"code":21068,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21070,21071,21107,21111],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21072,21073,21075,21077,21079,21081,21083,21085,21087,21089,21091,21093,21095,21097,21099,21101,21103,21105],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21074,12605],{"class":53},[47,21076,58],{"class":57},[47,21078,9890],{"class":83},[47,21080,253],{"class":61},[47,21082,229],{"class":65},[47,21084,253],{"class":61},[47,21086,1032],{"class":83},[47,21088,62],{"class":61},[47,21090,12280],{"class":65},[47,21092,253],{"class":61},[47,21094,590],{"class":83},[47,21096,62],{"class":61},[47,21098,8697],{"class":65},[47,21100,253],{"class":61},[47,21102,1032],{"class":83},[47,21104,8704],{"class":586},[47,21106,8707],{"class":83},[47,21108,21109],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,21110,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,21112,21113,21115,21117,21119,21121,21123,21125,21127],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,21114,98],{"class":97},[47,21116,101],{"class":83},[47,21118,7492],{"class":919},[47,21120,101],{"class":83},[47,21122,16709],{"class":87},[47,21124,84],{"class":83},[47,21126,7209],{"class":87},[47,21128,5690],{"class":83},[20,21130,21131],{},[121,21132,338],{},[38,21134,21136],{"className":40,"code":21135,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21137,21138],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21139,21140,21143,21145,21147,21149,21151,21153,21155,21157,21159,21161,21163,21165,21167,21169,21171],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21141,21142],{"class":83},"[(",[47,21144,2693],{"class":61},[47,21146,229],{"class":65},[47,21148,2693],{"class":61},[47,21150,590],{"class":83},[47,21152,2688],{"class":61},[47,21154,12280],{"class":65},[47,21156,2693],{"class":61},[47,21158,8631],{"class":83},[47,21160,8634],{"class":83},[47,21162,2693],{"class":61},[47,21164,8697],{"class":65},[47,21166,2693],{"class":61},[47,21168,590],{"class":83},[47,21170,8704],{"class":586},[47,21172,8647],{"class":83},[20,21174,21175,21176,158,21178,84],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[154,21177,8553],{"href":12423},[154,21179,14427],{"href":21180},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[33,21182,166],{"id":165},[20,21184,4834],{},[38,21186,21188],{"className":40,"code":21187,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21189,21190],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21191,21192,21194,21196,21198],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21193,10850],{"class":53},[47,21195,84],{"class":83},[47,21197,7209],{"class":87},[47,21199,91],{"class":83},[20,21201,21202],{},"Things to remember:",[133,21204,21205,21210,21213],{},[136,21206,21207,21209],{},[15,21208,16480],{}," does not take any arguments",[136,21211,21212],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[136,21214,21215],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21217,538],{},[38,21219,21221],{"className":40,"code":21220,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21222,21223,21255,21259,21273,21277,21287],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21224,21225,21227,21229,21231,21233,21235,21237,21239,21241,21243,21245,21247,21249,21251,21253],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21226,4461],{"class":53},[47,21228,58],{"class":57},[47,21230,9890],{"class":83},[47,21232,253],{"class":61},[47,21234,4401],{"class":65},[47,21236,253],{"class":61},[47,21238,1032],{"class":83},[47,21240,19300],{"class":586},[47,21242,590],{"class":83},[47,21244,62],{"class":61},[47,21246,4410],{"class":65},[47,21248,253],{"class":61},[47,21250,1032],{"class":83},[47,21252,12908],{"class":586},[47,21254,8707],{"class":83},[47,21256,21257],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,21258,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,21260,21261,21263,21265,21267,21269,21271],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,21262,75],{"class":53},[47,21264,58],{"class":57},[47,21266,4508],{"class":53},[47,21268,84],{"class":83},[47,21270,7209],{"class":87},[47,21272,91],{"class":83},[47,21274,21275],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,21276,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,21278,21279,21281,21283,21285],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,21280,98],{"class":97},[47,21282,101],{"class":83},[47,21284,104],{"class":87},[47,21286,107],{"class":83},[47,21288,21289,21291,21293,21295],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,21290,98],{"class":97},[47,21292,101],{"class":83},[47,21294,15792],{"class":87},[47,21296,107],{"class":83},[20,21298,21299],{},[121,21300,338],{},[38,21302,21304],{"className":40,"code":21303,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,21305,21306,21339],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21307,21308,21311,21313,21315,21317,21319,21321,21323,21325,21327,21329,21331,21333,21335,21337],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21309,21310],{"class":87},"dict_items",[47,21312,9056],{"class":83},[47,21314,2693],{"class":61},[47,21316,4401],{"class":65},[47,21318,2693],{"class":61},[47,21320,590],{"class":83},[47,21322,19300],{"class":586},[47,21324,8631],{"class":83},[47,21326,8634],{"class":83},[47,21328,2693],{"class":61},[47,21330,4410],{"class":65},[47,21332,2693],{"class":61},[47,21334,590],{"class":83},[47,21336,12908],{"class":586},[47,21338,10079],{"class":83},[47,21340,21341,21343,21345,21347,21349,21351,21353,21355,21357,21359,21361,21363,21365],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,21342,8676],{"class":83},[47,21344,2693],{"class":61},[47,21346,4401],{"class":65},[47,21348,2693],{"class":61},[47,21350,1032],{"class":83},[47,21352,19300],{"class":586},[47,21354,590],{"class":83},[47,21356,2688],{"class":61},[47,21358,4410],{"class":65},[47,21360,2693],{"class":61},[47,21362,1032],{"class":83},[47,21364,12908],{"class":586},[47,21366,8707],{"class":83},[20,21368,20294],{},[33,21370,21372],{"id":21371},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,21374,21375,21377,21378,21380],{},[15,21376,16480],{}," returns a ",[15,21379,21310],{}," view object.",[20,21382,1501],{},[133,21384,21385,21388,21391],{},[136,21386,21387],{},"You can loop over it",[136,21389,21390],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[136,21392,21393],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,21395,538],{},[38,21397,21399],{"className":40,"code":21398,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,21400,21401,21433,21447,21451,21465,21469,21488,21492],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21402,21403,21405,21407,21409,21411,21413,21415,21417,21419,21421,21423,21425,21427,21429,21431],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21404,8563],{"class":53},[47,21406,58],{"class":57},[47,21408,9890],{"class":83},[47,21410,253],{"class":61},[47,21412,1567],{"class":65},[47,21414,253],{"class":61},[47,21416,1032],{"class":83},[47,21418,4898],{"class":586},[47,21420,590],{"class":83},[47,21422,62],{"class":61},[47,21424,11144],{"class":65},[47,21426,253],{"class":61},[47,21428,1032],{"class":83},[47,21430,2382],{"class":586},[47,21432,8707],{"class":83},[47,21434,21435,21437,21439,21441,21443,21445],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,21436,8613],{"class":53},[47,21438,58],{"class":57},[47,21440,13968],{"class":53},[47,21442,84],{"class":83},[47,21444,7209],{"class":87},[47,21446,91],{"class":83},[47,21448,21449],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,21450,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,21452,21453,21455,21457,21459,21461,21463],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,21454,98],{"class":97},[47,21456,101],{"class":83},[47,21458,7492],{"class":919},[47,21460,101],{"class":83},[47,21462,8660],{"class":87},[47,21464,1419],{"class":83},[47,21466,21467],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,21468,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,21470,21471,21473,21475,21477,21480,21482,21484,21486],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,21472,8602],{"class":53},[47,21474,3296],{"class":83},[47,21476,253],{"class":61},[47,21478,21479],{"class":65},"z",[47,21481,253],{"class":61},[47,21483,12674],{"class":83},[47,21485,12677],{"class":57},[47,21487,1967],{"class":586},[47,21489,21490],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,21491,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,21493,21494,21496,21498,21500,21502,21504],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,21495,98],{"class":97},[47,21497,101],{"class":83},[47,21499,7492],{"class":919},[47,21501,101],{"class":83},[47,21503,8660],{"class":87},[47,21505,1419],{"class":83},[20,21507,21508],{},[121,21509,338],{},[38,21511,21513],{"className":40,"code":21512,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,21514,21515,21545],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21516,21517,21519,21521,21523,21525,21527,21529,21531,21533,21535,21537,21539,21541,21543],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21518,21142],{"class":83},[47,21520,2693],{"class":61},[47,21522,1567],{"class":65},[47,21524,2693],{"class":61},[47,21526,590],{"class":83},[47,21528,4898],{"class":586},[47,21530,8631],{"class":83},[47,21532,8634],{"class":83},[47,21534,2693],{"class":61},[47,21536,11144],{"class":65},[47,21538,2693],{"class":61},[47,21540,590],{"class":83},[47,21542,2382],{"class":586},[47,21544,8647],{"class":83},[47,21546,21547,21549,21551,21553,21555,21557,21559,21561,21563,21565,21567,21569,21571,21573,21575,21577,21579,21581,21583,21585,21587],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,21548,21142],{"class":83},[47,21550,2693],{"class":61},[47,21552,1567],{"class":65},[47,21554,2693],{"class":61},[47,21556,590],{"class":83},[47,21558,4898],{"class":586},[47,21560,8631],{"class":83},[47,21562,8634],{"class":83},[47,21564,2693],{"class":61},[47,21566,11144],{"class":65},[47,21568,2693],{"class":61},[47,21570,590],{"class":83},[47,21572,2382],{"class":586},[47,21574,8631],{"class":83},[47,21576,8634],{"class":83},[47,21578,2693],{"class":61},[47,21580,21479],{"class":65},[47,21582,2693],{"class":61},[47,21584,590],{"class":83},[47,21586,1841],{"class":586},[47,21588,8647],{"class":83},[20,21590,21591,21592,21594],{},"This happens because ",[15,21593,8660],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[33,21596,21598,21599],{"id":21597},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,21600,16480],{},[20,21602,21603,21604,1032],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,21605,16480],{},[38,21607,21609],{"className":40,"code":21608,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,21610,21611,21664,21668,21688],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21612,21613,21615,21617,21619,21621,21623,21625,21627,21629,21631,21633,21635,21637,21639,21641,21643,21645,21648,21650,21652,21654,21656,21658,21660,21662],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21614,12263],{"class":53},[47,21616,58],{"class":57},[47,21618,9890],{"class":83},[47,21620,253],{"class":61},[47,21622,229],{"class":65},[47,21624,253],{"class":61},[47,21626,1032],{"class":83},[47,21628,62],{"class":61},[47,21630,7320],{"class":65},[47,21632,253],{"class":61},[47,21634,590],{"class":83},[47,21636,62],{"class":61},[47,21638,19293],{"class":65},[47,21640,253],{"class":61},[47,21642,1032],{"class":83},[47,21644,62],{"class":61},[47,21646,21647],{"class":65},"A",[47,21649,253],{"class":61},[47,21651,590],{"class":83},[47,21653,62],{"class":61},[47,21655,8697],{"class":65},[47,21657,253],{"class":61},[47,21659,1032],{"class":83},[47,21661,13259],{"class":586},[47,21663,8707],{"class":83},[47,21665,21666],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,21667,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,21669,21670,21672,21674,21676,21678,21680,21682,21684,21686],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,21671,5359],{"class":655},[47,21673,20981],{"class":53},[47,21675,590],{"class":83},[47,21677,20986],{"class":53},[47,21679,3278],{"class":655},[47,21681,12306],{"class":53},[47,21683,84],{"class":83},[47,21685,7209],{"class":87},[47,21687,20997],{"class":83},[47,21689,21690,21692,21694,21697,21699,21701,21703,21706,21709,21711,21713,21715,21717],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,21691,684],{"class":97},[47,21693,101],{"class":83},[47,21695,21696],{"class":1458},"f",[47,21698,253],{"class":65},[47,21700,8676],{"class":586},[47,21702,14243],{"class":87},[47,21704,21705],{"class":586},"}",[47,21707,21708],{"class":65},": ",[47,21710,8676],{"class":586},[47,21712,1863],{"class":87},[47,21714,21705],{"class":586},[47,21716,253],{"class":65},[47,21718,107],{"class":83},[20,21720,21721],{},[121,21722,338],{},[38,21724,21726],{"className":40,"code":21725,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,21727,21728,21737,21746],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21729,21730,21732,21734],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21731,229],{"class":53},[47,21733,1032],{"class":83},[47,21735,21736],{"class":53}," Mia\n",[47,21738,21739,21741,21743],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,21740,19293],{"class":53},[47,21742,1032],{"class":83},[47,21744,21745],{"class":53}," A\n",[47,21747,21748,21750,21752],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,21749,8697],{"class":53},[47,21751,1032],{"class":83},[47,21753,21754],{"class":586}," 14\n",[20,21756,21757],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[38,21759,21761],{"className":40,"code":21760,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,21762,21763,21815,21819,21831],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21764,21765,21767,21769,21771,21773,21775,21777,21779,21781,21783,21785,21787,21789,21791,21793,21795,21797,21799,21801,21803,21805,21807,21809,21811,21813],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21766,12263],{"class":53},[47,21768,58],{"class":57},[47,21770,9890],{"class":83},[47,21772,253],{"class":61},[47,21774,229],{"class":65},[47,21776,253],{"class":61},[47,21778,1032],{"class":83},[47,21780,62],{"class":61},[47,21782,7320],{"class":65},[47,21784,253],{"class":61},[47,21786,590],{"class":83},[47,21788,62],{"class":61},[47,21790,19293],{"class":65},[47,21792,253],{"class":61},[47,21794,1032],{"class":83},[47,21796,62],{"class":61},[47,21798,21647],{"class":65},[47,21800,253],{"class":61},[47,21802,590],{"class":83},[47,21804,62],{"class":61},[47,21806,8697],{"class":65},[47,21808,253],{"class":61},[47,21810,1032],{"class":83},[47,21812,13259],{"class":586},[47,21814,8707],{"class":83},[47,21816,21817],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,21818,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,21820,21821,21823,21825,21827,21829],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,21822,5359],{"class":655},[47,21824,17611],{"class":53},[47,21826,3278],{"class":655},[47,21828,12306],{"class":53},[47,21830,679],{"class":83},[47,21832,21833,21835,21837,21839,21841,21843,21845,21847,21849,21851,21853,21855,21857,21859,21861,21863],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,21834,684],{"class":97},[47,21836,101],{"class":83},[47,21838,21696],{"class":1458},[47,21840,253],{"class":65},[47,21842,8676],{"class":586},[47,21844,14243],{"class":87},[47,21846,21705],{"class":586},[47,21848,21708],{"class":65},[47,21850,8676],{"class":586},[47,21852,13027],{"class":87},[47,21854,3296],{"class":83},[47,21856,14243],{"class":87},[47,21858,12674],{"class":83},[47,21860,21705],{"class":586},[47,21862,253],{"class":65},[47,21864,107],{"class":83},[20,21866,5910,21867,21870],{},[15,21868,21869],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,21872,21873,21874,84],{},"For a full guide, see ",[154,21875,21877],{"href":21876},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[33,21879,21881],{"id":21880},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,21883,21884],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[38,21886,21888],{"className":40,"code":21887,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,21889,21890,21949,21953,21973,21977],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21891,21892,21894,21896,21898,21900,21902,21904,21906,21908,21910,21912,21914,21916,21918,21920,21922,21924,21927,21929,21931,21933,21936,21938,21940,21942,21945,21947],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21893,12476],{"class":53},[47,21895,58],{"class":57},[47,21897,9890],{"class":83},[47,21899,253],{"class":61},[47,21901,3475],{"class":65},[47,21903,253],{"class":61},[47,21905,1032],{"class":83},[47,21907,62],{"class":61},[47,21909,12493],{"class":65},[47,21911,253],{"class":61},[47,21913,590],{"class":83},[47,21915,62],{"class":61},[47,21917,288],{"class":65},[47,21919,253],{"class":61},[47,21921,1032],{"class":83},[47,21923,62],{"class":61},[47,21925,21926],{"class":65},"yellow",[47,21928,253],{"class":61},[47,21930,590],{"class":83},[47,21932,62],{"class":61},[47,21934,21935],{"class":65},"grape",[47,21937,253],{"class":61},[47,21939,1032],{"class":83},[47,21941,62],{"class":61},[47,21943,21944],{"class":65},"purple",[47,21946,253],{"class":61},[47,21948,8707],{"class":83},[47,21950,21951],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,21952,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,21954,21955,21958,21960,21963,21965,21967,21969,21971],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,21956,21957],{"class":53},"pairs_list ",[47,21959,58],{"class":57},[47,21961,21962],{"class":919}," list",[47,21964,101],{"class":83},[47,21966,16905],{"class":87},[47,21968,84],{"class":83},[47,21970,7209],{"class":87},[47,21972,236],{"class":83},[47,21974,21975],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,21976,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,21978,21979,21981,21983,21986],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,21980,98],{"class":97},[47,21982,101],{"class":83},[47,21984,21985],{"class":87},"pairs_list",[47,21987,107],{"class":83},[20,21989,21990],{},[121,21991,338],{},[38,21993,21995],{"className":40,"code":21994,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,21996,21997],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21998,21999,22001,22003,22005,22007,22009,22011,22013,22015,22017,22019,22021,22023,22025,22027,22029,22031,22033,22035,22037,22039,22041,22043,22045,22047,22049,22051],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22000,21142],{"class":83},[47,22002,2693],{"class":61},[47,22004,3475],{"class":65},[47,22006,2693],{"class":61},[47,22008,590],{"class":83},[47,22010,2688],{"class":61},[47,22012,12493],{"class":65},[47,22014,2693],{"class":61},[47,22016,8631],{"class":83},[47,22018,8634],{"class":83},[47,22020,2693],{"class":61},[47,22022,288],{"class":65},[47,22024,2693],{"class":61},[47,22026,590],{"class":83},[47,22028,2688],{"class":61},[47,22030,21926],{"class":65},[47,22032,2693],{"class":61},[47,22034,8631],{"class":83},[47,22036,8634],{"class":83},[47,22038,2693],{"class":61},[47,22040,21935],{"class":65},[47,22042,2693],{"class":61},[47,22044,590],{"class":83},[47,22046,2688],{"class":61},[47,22048,21944],{"class":65},[47,22050,2693],{"class":61},[47,22052,8647],{"class":83},[20,22054,22055],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22057,22058],{},"Use this when:",[133,22060,22061,22064,22067],{},[136,22062,22063],{},"You want clearer printed output",[136,22065,22066],{},"You need list behavior",[136,22068,22069],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[33,22071,22073,9985,22075,9985,22077],{"id":22072},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22074,16480],{},[15,22076,16467],{},[15,22078,16473],{},[20,22080,22081],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[133,22083,22084,22089,22094],{},[136,22085,22086,22088],{},[15,22087,16480],{}," gives both key and value",[136,22090,22091,22093],{},[15,22092,16467],{}," gives only keys",[136,22095,22096,22098],{},[15,22097,16473],{}," gives only values",[20,22100,538],{},[38,22102,22104],{"className":40,"code":22103,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22105,22106,22142,22146,22164,22182],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22107,22108,22110,22112,22114,22116,22118,22120,22122,22124,22126,22128,22130,22132,22134,22136,22138,22140],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22109,12605],{"class":53},[47,22111,58],{"class":57},[47,22113,9890],{"class":83},[47,22115,253],{"class":61},[47,22117,229],{"class":65},[47,22119,253],{"class":61},[47,22121,1032],{"class":83},[47,22123,62],{"class":61},[47,22125,12280],{"class":65},[47,22127,253],{"class":61},[47,22129,590],{"class":83},[47,22131,62],{"class":61},[47,22133,8697],{"class":65},[47,22135,253],{"class":61},[47,22137,1032],{"class":83},[47,22139,8704],{"class":586},[47,22141,8707],{"class":83},[47,22143,22144],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,22145,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,22147,22148,22150,22152,22154,22156,22158,22160,22162],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,22149,98],{"class":97},[47,22151,101],{"class":83},[47,22153,7492],{"class":919},[47,22155,101],{"class":83},[47,22157,16709],{"class":87},[47,22159,84],{"class":83},[47,22161,16325],{"class":87},[47,22163,5690],{"class":83},[47,22165,22166,22168,22170,22172,22174,22176,22178,22180],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,22167,98],{"class":97},[47,22169,101],{"class":83},[47,22171,7492],{"class":919},[47,22173,101],{"class":83},[47,22175,16709],{"class":87},[47,22177,84],{"class":83},[47,22179,4758],{"class":87},[47,22181,5690],{"class":83},[47,22183,22184,22186,22188,22190,22192,22194,22196,22198],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,22185,98],{"class":97},[47,22187,101],{"class":83},[47,22189,7492],{"class":919},[47,22191,101],{"class":83},[47,22193,16709],{"class":87},[47,22195,84],{"class":83},[47,22197,7209],{"class":87},[47,22199,5690],{"class":83},[20,22201,22202],{},[121,22203,338],{},[38,22205,22207],{"className":40,"code":22206,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22208,22209,22229,22245],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22210,22211,22213,22215,22217,22219,22221,22223,22225,22227],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22212,3296],{"class":83},[47,22214,2693],{"class":61},[47,22216,229],{"class":65},[47,22218,2693],{"class":61},[47,22220,590],{"class":83},[47,22222,2688],{"class":61},[47,22224,8697],{"class":65},[47,22226,2693],{"class":61},[47,22228,3030],{"class":83},[47,22230,22231,22233,22235,22237,22239,22241,22243],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,22232,3296],{"class":83},[47,22234,2693],{"class":61},[47,22236,12280],{"class":65},[47,22238,2693],{"class":61},[47,22240,590],{"class":83},[47,22242,8704],{"class":586},[47,22244,3030],{"class":83},[47,22246,22247,22249,22251,22253,22255,22257,22259,22261,22263,22265,22267,22269,22271,22273,22275,22277],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,22248,21142],{"class":83},[47,22250,2693],{"class":61},[47,22252,229],{"class":65},[47,22254,2693],{"class":61},[47,22256,590],{"class":83},[47,22258,2688],{"class":61},[47,22260,12280],{"class":65},[47,22262,2693],{"class":61},[47,22264,8631],{"class":83},[47,22266,8634],{"class":83},[47,22268,2693],{"class":61},[47,22270,8697],{"class":65},[47,22272,2693],{"class":61},[47,22274,590],{"class":83},[47,22276,8704],{"class":586},[47,22278,8647],{"class":83},[20,22280,22281],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[133,22283,22284,22292,22300],{},[136,22285,22286,22287],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[154,22288,22290],{"href":22289},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22291,16467],{},[136,22293,22294,22295],{},"Need just values? Use ",[154,22296,22298],{"href":22297},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,22299,16473],{},[136,22301,22302,22303],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,22304,16480],{},[33,22306,603,22308],{"id":22307},"when-to-use-items",[15,22309,16480],{},[20,22311,22312,22314],{},[15,22313,16480],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[133,22316,22317,22320,22323,22326,22329],{},[136,22318,22319],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[136,22321,22322],{},"Building formatted output",[136,22324,22325],{},"Looping through settings and values",[136,22327,22328],{},"Showing names with scores",[136,22330,22331],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,22333,538],{},[38,22335,22337],{"className":40,"code":22336,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,22338,22339,22347,22365,22384,22396,22400,22404,22425],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22340,22341,22343,22345],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22342,13227],{"class":53},[47,22344,58],{"class":57},[47,22346,10891],{"class":83},[47,22348,22349,22351,22353,22355,22357,22359,22361,22363],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,22350,10896],{"class":61},[47,22352,11894],{"class":65},[47,22354,253],{"class":61},[47,22356,1032],{"class":83},[47,22358,62],{"class":61},[47,22360,11903],{"class":65},[47,22362,253],{"class":61},[47,22364,10912],{"class":83},[47,22366,22367,22369,22371,22373,22375,22377,22380,22382],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,22368,10896],{"class":61},[47,22370,19525],{"class":65},[47,22372,253],{"class":61},[47,22374,1032],{"class":83},[47,22376,62],{"class":61},[47,22378,22379],{"class":65},"English",[47,22381,253],{"class":61},[47,22383,10912],{"class":83},[47,22385,22386,22388,22390,22392,22394],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,22387,10896],{"class":61},[47,22389,17927],{"class":65},[47,22391,253],{"class":61},[47,22393,1032],{"class":83},[47,22395,5822],{"class":1271},[47,22397,22398],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,22399,8707],{"class":83},[47,22401,22402],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,22403,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,22405,22406,22408,22411,22413,22415,22417,22419,22421,22423],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,22407,5359],{"class":655},[47,22409,22410],{"class":53}," setting",[47,22412,590],{"class":83},[47,22414,20986],{"class":53},[47,22416,3278],{"class":655},[47,22418,13271],{"class":53},[47,22420,84],{"class":83},[47,22422,7209],{"class":87},[47,22424,20997],{"class":83},[47,22426,22427,22429,22431,22433,22435,22437,22440,22442,22445,22447,22449,22451,22453],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,22428,684],{"class":97},[47,22430,101],{"class":83},[47,22432,21696],{"class":1458},[47,22434,253],{"class":65},[47,22436,8676],{"class":586},[47,22438,22439],{"class":87},"setting",[47,22441,21705],{"class":586},[47,22443,22444],{"class":65}," = ",[47,22446,8676],{"class":586},[47,22448,1863],{"class":87},[47,22450,21705],{"class":586},[47,22452,253],{"class":65},[47,22454,107],{"class":83},[20,22456,22457],{},[121,22458,338],{},[38,22460,22462],{"className":40,"code":22461,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,22463,22464,22474,22484],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22465,22466,22469,22471],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22467,22468],{"class":53},"theme ",[47,22470,58],{"class":57},[47,22472,22473],{"class":53}," dark\n",[47,22475,22476,22479,22481],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,22477,22478],{"class":53},"language ",[47,22480,58],{"class":57},[47,22482,22483],{"class":53}," English\n",[47,22485,22486,22489,22491],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,22487,22488],{"class":53},"notifications ",[47,22490,58],{"class":57},[47,22492,5822],{"class":1271},[33,22494,722],{"id":721},[20,22496,22497,22498,84],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,22499,16480],{},[724,22501,22503,22504,22506],{"id":22502},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,22505,16480],{}," incorrectly",[20,22508,22509,22510,22512,22513,22516],{},"Each result from ",[15,22511,16480],{}," has ",[121,22514,22515],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,22518,6088],{},[38,22520,22521],{"className":40,"code":20932,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,22522,22523,22559,22563,22583],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22524,22525,22527,22529,22531,22533,22535,22537,22539,22541,22543,22545,22547,22549,22551,22553,22555,22557],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22526,12605],{"class":53},[47,22528,58],{"class":57},[47,22530,9890],{"class":83},[47,22532,253],{"class":61},[47,22534,229],{"class":65},[47,22536,253],{"class":61},[47,22538,1032],{"class":83},[47,22540,62],{"class":61},[47,22542,12280],{"class":65},[47,22544,253],{"class":61},[47,22546,590],{"class":83},[47,22548,62],{"class":61},[47,22550,8697],{"class":65},[47,22552,253],{"class":61},[47,22554,1032],{"class":83},[47,22556,8704],{"class":586},[47,22558,8707],{"class":83},[47,22560,22561],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,22562,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,22564,22565,22567,22569,22571,22573,22575,22577,22579,22581],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,22566,5359],{"class":655},[47,22568,20981],{"class":53},[47,22570,590],{"class":83},[47,22572,20986],{"class":53},[47,22574,3278],{"class":655},[47,22576,12648],{"class":53},[47,22578,84],{"class":83},[47,22580,7209],{"class":87},[47,22582,20997],{"class":83},[47,22584,22585,22587,22589,22591,22593,22595],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,22586,684],{"class":97},[47,22588,101],{"class":83},[47,22590,14243],{"class":87},[47,22592,590],{"class":83},[47,22594,7832],{"class":87},[47,22596,107],{"class":83},[20,22598,22599],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[38,22601,22603],{"className":40,"code":22602,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,22604,22605,22641,22645,22661],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22606,22607,22609,22611,22613,22615,22617,22619,22621,22623,22625,22627,22629,22631,22633,22635,22637,22639],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22608,12605],{"class":53},[47,22610,58],{"class":57},[47,22612,9890],{"class":83},[47,22614,253],{"class":61},[47,22616,229],{"class":65},[47,22618,253],{"class":61},[47,22620,1032],{"class":83},[47,22622,62],{"class":61},[47,22624,12280],{"class":65},[47,22626,253],{"class":61},[47,22628,590],{"class":83},[47,22630,62],{"class":61},[47,22632,8697],{"class":65},[47,22634,253],{"class":61},[47,22636,1032],{"class":83},[47,22638,8704],{"class":586},[47,22640,8707],{"class":83},[47,22642,22643],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,22644,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,22646,22647,22649,22651,22653,22655,22657,22659],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,22648,5359],{"class":655},[47,22650,17611],{"class":53},[47,22652,3278],{"class":655},[47,22654,12648],{"class":53},[47,22656,84],{"class":83},[47,22658,7209],{"class":87},[47,22660,20997],{"class":83},[47,22662,22663,22665,22667,22669],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,22664,684],{"class":97},[47,22666,101],{"class":83},[47,22668,14243],{"class":87},[47,22670,107],{"class":83},[20,22672,22673,22674,22676,22677,22680],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,22675,14243],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,22678,22679],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,22682,22683],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[38,22685,22687],{"className":40,"code":22686,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,22688,22689,22705],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22690,22691,22693,22695,22697,22699,22701,22703],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22692,5359],{"class":655},[47,22694,5362],{"class":53},[47,22696,3278],{"class":655},[47,22698,12648],{"class":53},[47,22700,84],{"class":83},[47,22702,7209],{"class":87},[47,22704,20997],{"class":83},[47,22706,22707,22709,22711,22714],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,22708,684],{"class":97},[47,22710,101],{"class":83},[47,22712,22713],{"class":87},"item",[47,22715,107],{"class":83},[20,22717,22718],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[38,22720,22722],{"className":40,"code":22721,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,22723,22724,22744],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22725,22726,22728,22730,22732,22734,22736,22738,22740,22742],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22727,5359],{"class":655},[47,22729,20981],{"class":53},[47,22731,590],{"class":83},[47,22733,20986],{"class":53},[47,22735,3278],{"class":655},[47,22737,12648],{"class":53},[47,22739,84],{"class":83},[47,22741,7209],{"class":87},[47,22743,20997],{"class":83},[47,22745,22746,22748,22750,22752,22754,22756],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,22747,684],{"class":97},[47,22749,101],{"class":83},[47,22751,14243],{"class":87},[47,22753,590],{"class":83},[47,22755,7832],{"class":87},[47,22757,107],{"class":83},[724,22759,7852,22761,22763],{"id":22760},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,22762,16480],{}," to return a regular list",[20,22765,22766,21377,22768,22770],{},[15,22767,16480],{},[15,22769,21310],{}," object, not a list.",[20,22772,22773],{},"Check it:",[38,22775,22777],{"className":40,"code":22776,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,22778,22779,22811,22815,22829,22847],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22780,22781,22783,22785,22787,22789,22791,22793,22795,22797,22799,22801,22803,22805,22807,22809],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22782,11123],{"class":53},[47,22784,58],{"class":57},[47,22786,9890],{"class":83},[47,22788,253],{"class":61},[47,22790,154],{"class":65},[47,22792,253],{"class":61},[47,22794,1032],{"class":83},[47,22796,4898],{"class":586},[47,22798,590],{"class":83},[47,22800,62],{"class":61},[47,22802,4158],{"class":65},[47,22804,253],{"class":61},[47,22806,1032],{"class":83},[47,22808,2382],{"class":586},[47,22810,8707],{"class":83},[47,22812,22813],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,22814,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,22816,22817,22819,22821,22823,22825,22827],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,22818,98],{"class":97},[47,22820,101],{"class":83},[47,22822,10850],{"class":87},[47,22824,84],{"class":83},[47,22826,7209],{"class":87},[47,22828,236],{"class":83},[47,22830,22831,22833,22835,22837,22839,22841,22843,22845],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,22832,98],{"class":97},[47,22834,101],{"class":83},[47,22836,2613],{"class":919},[47,22838,101],{"class":83},[47,22840,10850],{"class":87},[47,22842,84],{"class":83},[47,22844,7209],{"class":87},[47,22846,5690],{"class":83},[47,22848,22849,22851,22853,22855,22857,22859,22861,22863],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,22850,98],{"class":97},[47,22852,101],{"class":83},[47,22854,7492],{"class":919},[47,22856,101],{"class":83},[47,22858,10850],{"class":87},[47,22860,84],{"class":83},[47,22862,7209],{"class":87},[47,22864,5690],{"class":83},[20,22866,22867],{},[121,22868,338],{},[38,22870,22872],{"className":40,"code":22871,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,22873,22874,22906,22920],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22875,22876,22878,22880,22882,22884,22886,22888,22890,22892,22894,22896,22898,22900,22902,22904],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22877,21310],{"class":87},[47,22879,9056],{"class":83},[47,22881,2693],{"class":61},[47,22883,154],{"class":65},[47,22885,2693],{"class":61},[47,22887,590],{"class":83},[47,22889,4898],{"class":586},[47,22891,8631],{"class":83},[47,22893,8634],{"class":83},[47,22895,2693],{"class":61},[47,22897,4158],{"class":65},[47,22899,2693],{"class":61},[47,22901,590],{"class":83},[47,22903,2382],{"class":586},[47,22905,10079],{"class":83},[47,22907,22908,22910,22912,22914,22916,22918],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,22909,2682],{"class":57},[47,22911,2685],{"class":1458},[47,22913,2688],{"class":61},[47,22915,21310],{"class":65},[47,22917,2693],{"class":61},[47,22919,2696],{"class":57},[47,22921,22922,22924,22926,22928,22930,22932,22934,22936,22938,22940,22942,22944,22946,22948],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,22923,21142],{"class":83},[47,22925,2693],{"class":61},[47,22927,154],{"class":65},[47,22929,2693],{"class":61},[47,22931,590],{"class":83},[47,22933,4898],{"class":586},[47,22935,8631],{"class":83},[47,22937,8634],{"class":83},[47,22939,2693],{"class":61},[47,22941,4158],{"class":65},[47,22943,2693],{"class":61},[47,22945,590],{"class":83},[47,22947,2382],{"class":586},[47,22949,8647],{"class":83},[724,22951,22953,22954],{"id":22952},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,22955,16480],{},[20,22957,22958],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,22960,22961],{},"Problem example:",[38,22963,22965],{"className":40,"code":22964,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,22966,22967,23011,23015,23035,23047],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22968,22969,22971,22973,22975,22977,22979,22981,22983,22985,22987,22989,22991,22993,22995,22997,22999,23001,23003,23005,23007,23009],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22970,3012],{"class":53},[47,22972,58],{"class":57},[47,22974,9890],{"class":83},[47,22976,253],{"class":61},[47,22978,154],{"class":65},[47,22980,253],{"class":61},[47,22982,1032],{"class":83},[47,22984,4898],{"class":586},[47,22986,590],{"class":83},[47,22988,62],{"class":61},[47,22990,4158],{"class":65},[47,22992,253],{"class":61},[47,22994,1032],{"class":83},[47,22996,2382],{"class":586},[47,22998,590],{"class":83},[47,23000,62],{"class":61},[47,23002,9138],{"class":65},[47,23004,253],{"class":61},[47,23006,1032],{"class":83},[47,23008,1841],{"class":586},[47,23010,8707],{"class":83},[47,23012,23013],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,23014,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,23016,23017,23019,23021,23023,23025,23027,23029,23031,23033],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,23018,5359],{"class":655},[47,23020,20981],{"class":53},[47,23022,590],{"class":83},[47,23024,20986],{"class":53},[47,23026,3278],{"class":655},[47,23028,3659],{"class":53},[47,23030,84],{"class":83},[47,23032,7209],{"class":87},[47,23034,20997],{"class":83},[47,23036,23037,23039,23041,23043,23045],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,23038,5798],{"class":655},[47,23040,20986],{"class":53},[47,23042,4085],{"class":57},[47,23044,2382],{"class":586},[47,23046,679],{"class":83},[47,23048,23049,23052,23054,23056,23058,23060,23062,23064],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,23050,23051],{"class":53},"        numbers",[47,23053,3296],{"class":83},[47,23055,253],{"class":61},[47,23057,18170],{"class":65},[47,23059,253],{"class":61},[47,23061,12674],{"class":83},[47,23063,12677],{"class":57},[47,23065,23066],{"class":586}," 4\n",[20,23068,23069],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23071,23072],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[38,23074,23076],{"className":40,"code":23075,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23077,23078,23122,23126,23151,23163,23181,23185],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23079,23080,23082,23084,23086,23088,23090,23092,23094,23096,23098,23100,23102,23104,23106,23108,23110,23112,23114,23116,23118,23120],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23081,3012],{"class":53},[47,23083,58],{"class":57},[47,23085,9890],{"class":83},[47,23087,253],{"class":61},[47,23089,154],{"class":65},[47,23091,253],{"class":61},[47,23093,1032],{"class":83},[47,23095,4898],{"class":586},[47,23097,590],{"class":83},[47,23099,62],{"class":61},[47,23101,4158],{"class":65},[47,23103,253],{"class":61},[47,23105,1032],{"class":83},[47,23107,2382],{"class":586},[47,23109,590],{"class":83},[47,23111,62],{"class":61},[47,23113,9138],{"class":65},[47,23115,253],{"class":61},[47,23117,1032],{"class":83},[47,23119,1841],{"class":586},[47,23121,8707],{"class":83},[47,23123,23124],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,23125,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,23127,23128,23130,23132,23134,23136,23138,23140,23142,23144,23146,23148],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,23129,5359],{"class":655},[47,23131,20981],{"class":53},[47,23133,590],{"class":83},[47,23135,20986],{"class":53},[47,23137,3278],{"class":655},[47,23139,21962],{"class":919},[47,23141,101],{"class":83},[47,23143,3044],{"class":87},[47,23145,84],{"class":83},[47,23147,7209],{"class":87},[47,23149,23150],{"class":83},"()):\n",[47,23152,23153,23155,23157,23159,23161],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,23154,5798],{"class":655},[47,23156,20986],{"class":53},[47,23158,4085],{"class":57},[47,23160,2382],{"class":586},[47,23162,679],{"class":83},[47,23164,23165,23167,23169,23171,23173,23175,23177,23179],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,23166,23051],{"class":53},[47,23168,3296],{"class":83},[47,23170,253],{"class":61},[47,23172,18170],{"class":65},[47,23174,253],{"class":61},[47,23176,12674],{"class":83},[47,23178,12677],{"class":57},[47,23180,23066],{"class":586},[47,23182,23183],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,23184,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,23186,23187,23189,23191,23193],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,23188,98],{"class":97},[47,23190,101],{"class":83},[47,23192,3044],{"class":87},[47,23194,107],{"class":83},[724,23196,23198],{"id":23197},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23200,23201],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[38,23203,23205],{"className":40,"code":23204,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23206,23207,23239,23243,23259],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23208,23209,23211,23213,23215,23217,23219,23221,23223,23225,23227,23229,23231,23233,23235,23237],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23210,8563],{"class":53},[47,23212,58],{"class":57},[47,23214,9890],{"class":83},[47,23216,253],{"class":61},[47,23218,1567],{"class":65},[47,23220,253],{"class":61},[47,23222,1032],{"class":83},[47,23224,5405],{"class":586},[47,23226,590],{"class":83},[47,23228,62],{"class":61},[47,23230,11144],{"class":65},[47,23232,253],{"class":61},[47,23234,1032],{"class":83},[47,23236,7189],{"class":586},[47,23238,8707],{"class":83},[47,23240,23241],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,23242,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,23244,23245,23247,23249,23251,23253,23255,23257],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,23246,5359],{"class":655},[47,23248,5362],{"class":53},[47,23250,3278],{"class":655},[47,23252,13968],{"class":53},[47,23254,84],{"class":83},[47,23256,7209],{"class":87},[47,23258,20997],{"class":83},[47,23260,23261,23263,23265,23267],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,23262,684],{"class":97},[47,23264,101],{"class":83},[47,23266,22713],{"class":87},[47,23268,107],{"class":83},[20,23270,23271],{},[121,23272,338],{},[38,23274,23276],{"className":40,"code":23275,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23277,23278,23294],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23279,23280,23282,23284,23286,23288,23290,23292],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23281,101],{"class":83},[47,23283,2693],{"class":61},[47,23285,1567],{"class":65},[47,23287,2693],{"class":61},[47,23289,590],{"class":83},[47,23291,5405],{"class":586},[47,23293,107],{"class":83},[47,23295,23296,23298,23300,23302,23304,23306,23308],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,23297,101],{"class":83},[47,23299,2693],{"class":61},[47,23301,11144],{"class":65},[47,23303,2693],{"class":61},[47,23305,590],{"class":83},[47,23307,7189],{"class":586},[47,23309,107],{"class":83},[20,23311,23312,23313,23315],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,23314,21057],{}," pair.",[33,23317,1155],{"id":1154},[724,23319,23321,23322,4543],{"id":23320},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,23323,16480],{},[20,23325,16824,23326,23328],{},[15,23327,21310],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[724,23330,1159,23332,23334],{"id":23331},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,23333,16480],{}," return a list?",[20,23336,23337,23338,23341],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,23339,23340],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[724,23343,23345,23346,1883],{"id":23344},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,23347,16480],{},[20,23349,23350],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[38,23352,23354],{"className":40,"code":23353,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23355,23356,23376],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23357,23358,23360,23362,23364,23366,23368,23370,23372,23374],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23359,5359],{"class":655},[47,23361,20981],{"class":53},[47,23363,590],{"class":83},[47,23365,20986],{"class":53},[47,23367,3278],{"class":655},[47,23369,11165],{"class":53},[47,23371,84],{"class":83},[47,23373,7209],{"class":87},[47,23375,20997],{"class":83},[47,23377,23378,23380,23382,23384,23386,23388],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,23379,684],{"class":97},[47,23381,101],{"class":83},[47,23383,14243],{"class":87},[47,23385,590],{"class":83},[47,23387,7832],{"class":87},[47,23389,107],{"class":83},[724,23391,1159,23393,23395],{"id":23392},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,23394,16480],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,23397,23398],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[33,23400,1275],{"id":1274},[133,23402,23403,23409,23415,23420,23424],{},[136,23404,23405],{},[154,23406,10137,23407,1289],{"href":22289},[15,23408,16467],{},[136,23410,23411],{},[154,23412,10137,23413,1289],{"href":22297},[15,23414,16473],{},[136,23416,23417],{},[154,23418,23419],{"href":21876},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[136,23421,23422],{},[154,23423,8553],{"href":12423},[136,23425,23426],{},[154,23427,23428],{"href":21180},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1320,23430,23431],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":23433},[23434,23435,23437,23438,23439,23441,23442,23444,23446,23455,23465],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":21040,"depth":72,"text":23436},"What items() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":21371,"depth":72,"text":21372},{"id":21597,"depth":72,"text":23440},"Looping with items()",{"id":21880,"depth":72,"text":21881},{"id":22072,"depth":72,"text":23443},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22307,"depth":72,"text":23445},"When to use items()",{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722,"children":23447},[23448,23450,23452,23454],{"id":22502,"depth":94,"text":23449},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":22760,"depth":94,"text":23451},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":22952,"depth":94,"text":23453},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23197,"depth":94,"text":23198},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":23456},[23457,23459,23461,23463],{"id":23320,"depth":94,"text":23458},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23331,"depth":94,"text":23460},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23344,"depth":94,"text":23462},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23392,"depth":94,"text":23464},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":20908,"description":23466},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":23473,"title":23474,"body":23475,"description":25566,"extension":1354,"meta":25567,"navigation":311,"path":22289,"seo":25568,"stem":25569,"__hash__":25570},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":23476,"toc":25532},[23477,23482,23488,23491,23502,23509,23511,23594,23598,23645,23650,23655,23660,23662,23678,23680,23779,23783,23840,23843,23845,23848,23941,23945,24008,24011,24027,24032,24034,24036,24051,24053,24064,24066,24109,24112,24156,24159,24161,24168,24171,24188,24190,24283,24287,24328,24340,24344,24347,24435,24439,24459,24462,24489,24496,24501,24505,24516,24518,24622,24626,24652,24655,24722,24727,24730,24753,24758,24762,24767,24773,24778,24780,24835,24839,24866,24873,24879,24882,24907,24913,24939,24942,25017,25024,25029,25031,25070,25088,25092,25095,25138,25141,25143,25162,25164,25169,25194,25197,25267,25270,25343,25347,25349,25410,25413,25429,25431,25436,25441,25448,25457,25463,25469,25476,25482,25486,25491,25493,25529],[10,23478,10719,23480,18],{"id":23479},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23481,16467],{},[20,23483,23484,23485,23487],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,23486,16467],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23489,23490],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[133,23492,23493,23496,23499],{},[136,23494,23495],{},"view the available keys",[136,23497,23498],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[136,23500,23501],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,23503,23504,23506,23507,84],{},[15,23505,16467],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,23508,16416],{},[33,23510,36],{"id":35},[38,23512,23514],{"className":40,"code":23513,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,23515,23516,23552,23566,23570,23580],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23517,23518,23520,23522,23524,23526,23528,23530,23532,23534,23536,23538,23540,23542,23544,23546,23548,23550],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23519,12263],{"class":53},[47,23521,58],{"class":57},[47,23523,9890],{"class":83},[47,23525,253],{"class":61},[47,23527,229],{"class":65},[47,23529,253],{"class":61},[47,23531,1032],{"class":83},[47,23533,62],{"class":61},[47,23535,12280],{"class":65},[47,23537,253],{"class":61},[47,23539,590],{"class":83},[47,23541,62],{"class":61},[47,23543,8697],{"class":65},[47,23545,253],{"class":61},[47,23547,1032],{"class":83},[47,23549,7189],{"class":586},[47,23551,8707],{"class":83},[47,23553,23554,23556,23558,23560,23562,23564],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,23555,16644],{"class":53},[47,23557,58],{"class":57},[47,23559,12306],{"class":53},[47,23561,84],{"class":83},[47,23563,16325],{"class":87},[47,23565,91],{"class":83},[47,23567,23568],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,23569,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,23571,23572,23574,23576,23578],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,23573,98],{"class":97},[47,23575,101],{"class":83},[47,23577,16325],{"class":87},[47,23579,107],{"class":83},[47,23581,23582,23584,23586,23588,23590,23592],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,23583,98],{"class":97},[47,23585,101],{"class":83},[47,23587,7492],{"class":919},[47,23589,101],{"class":83},[47,23591,16325],{"class":87},[47,23593,1419],{"class":83},[20,23595,23596],{},[121,23597,338],{},[38,23599,23601],{"className":40,"code":23600,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,23602,23603,23625],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23604,23605,23607,23609,23611,23613,23615,23617,23619,23621,23623],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23606,16416],{"class":87},[47,23608,2374],{"class":83},[47,23610,2693],{"class":61},[47,23612,229],{"class":65},[47,23614,2693],{"class":61},[47,23616,590],{"class":83},[47,23618,2688],{"class":61},[47,23620,8697],{"class":65},[47,23622,2693],{"class":61},[47,23624,3284],{"class":83},[47,23626,23627,23629,23631,23633,23635,23637,23639,23641,23643],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,23628,3296],{"class":83},[47,23630,2693],{"class":61},[47,23632,229],{"class":65},[47,23634,2693],{"class":61},[47,23636,590],{"class":83},[47,23638,2688],{"class":61},[47,23640,8697],{"class":65},[47,23642,2693],{"class":61},[47,23644,3030],{"class":83},[20,23646,1486,23647,23649],{},[15,23648,16467],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[33,23651,128,23653,131],{"id":23652},"what-keys-does",[15,23654,16467],{},[20,23656,23657,23659],{},[15,23658,16467],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23661,188],{},[133,23663,23664,23667,23670,23675],{},[136,23665,23666],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[136,23668,23669],{},"It does not need any arguments",[136,23671,16824,23672,23674],{},[15,23673,16416],{}," view object, not a list",[136,23676,23677],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,23679,538],{},[38,23681,23683],{"className":40,"code":23682,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,23684,23685,23721,23725,23739,23743,23765],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23686,23687,23689,23691,23693,23695,23697,23699,23701,23703,23705,23707,23709,23711,23713,23715,23717,23719],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23688,12605],{"class":53},[47,23690,58],{"class":57},[47,23692,9890],{"class":83},[47,23694,253],{"class":61},[47,23696,229],{"class":65},[47,23698,253],{"class":61},[47,23700,1032],{"class":83},[47,23702,62],{"class":61},[47,23704,12622],{"class":65},[47,23706,253],{"class":61},[47,23708,590],{"class":83},[47,23710,62],{"class":61},[47,23712,8697],{"class":65},[47,23714,253],{"class":61},[47,23716,1032],{"class":83},[47,23718,8704],{"class":586},[47,23720,8707],{"class":83},[47,23722,23723],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,23724,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,23726,23727,23729,23731,23733,23735,23737],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,23728,98],{"class":97},[47,23730,101],{"class":83},[47,23732,16709],{"class":87},[47,23734,84],{"class":83},[47,23736,16325],{"class":87},[47,23738,236],{"class":83},[47,23740,23741],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,23742,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,23744,23745,23747,23749,23751,23753,23755,23757,23759,23761,23763],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,23746,16709],{"class":53},[47,23748,3296],{"class":83},[47,23750,253],{"class":61},[47,23752,9808],{"class":65},[47,23754,253],{"class":61},[47,23756,12674],{"class":83},[47,23758,12677],{"class":57},[47,23760,62],{"class":61},[47,23762,9815],{"class":65},[47,23764,69],{"class":61},[47,23766,23767,23769,23771,23773,23775,23777],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,23768,98],{"class":97},[47,23770,101],{"class":83},[47,23772,16709],{"class":87},[47,23774,84],{"class":83},[47,23776,16325],{"class":87},[47,23778,236],{"class":83},[20,23780,23781],{},[121,23782,338],{},[38,23784,23786],{"className":40,"code":23785,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,23787,23788,23810],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23789,23790,23792,23794,23796,23798,23800,23802,23804,23806,23808],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23791,16416],{"class":87},[47,23793,2374],{"class":83},[47,23795,2693],{"class":61},[47,23797,229],{"class":65},[47,23799,2693],{"class":61},[47,23801,590],{"class":83},[47,23803,2688],{"class":61},[47,23805,8697],{"class":65},[47,23807,2693],{"class":61},[47,23809,3284],{"class":83},[47,23811,23812,23814,23816,23818,23820,23822,23824,23826,23828,23830,23832,23834,23836,23838],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,23813,16416],{"class":87},[47,23815,2374],{"class":83},[47,23817,2693],{"class":61},[47,23819,229],{"class":65},[47,23821,2693],{"class":61},[47,23823,590],{"class":83},[47,23825,2688],{"class":61},[47,23827,8697],{"class":65},[47,23829,2693],{"class":61},[47,23831,590],{"class":83},[47,23833,2688],{"class":61},[47,23835,9808],{"class":65},[47,23837,2693],{"class":61},[47,23839,3284],{"class":83},[20,23841,23842],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[33,23844,5188],{"id":5187},[20,23846,23847],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[38,23849,23851],{"className":40,"code":23850,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,23852,23853,23905,23909,23923],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23854,23855,23857,23859,23861,23863,23865,23867,23869,23871,23873,23875,23877,23879,23881,23883,23885,23887,23889,23891,23893,23895,23897,23899,23901,23903],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23856,8563],{"class":53},[47,23858,58],{"class":57},[47,23860,9890],{"class":83},[47,23862,253],{"class":61},[47,23864,229],{"class":65},[47,23866,253],{"class":61},[47,23868,1032],{"class":83},[47,23870,62],{"class":61},[47,23872,12280],{"class":65},[47,23874,253],{"class":61},[47,23876,590],{"class":83},[47,23878,62],{"class":61},[47,23880,8697],{"class":65},[47,23882,253],{"class":61},[47,23884,1032],{"class":83},[47,23886,7189],{"class":586},[47,23888,590],{"class":83},[47,23890,62],{"class":61},[47,23892,19293],{"class":65},[47,23894,253],{"class":61},[47,23896,1032],{"class":83},[47,23898,62],{"class":61},[47,23900,21647],{"class":65},[47,23902,253],{"class":61},[47,23904,8707],{"class":83},[47,23906,23907],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,23908,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,23910,23911,23913,23915,23917,23919,23921],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,23912,98],{"class":97},[47,23914,101],{"class":83},[47,23916,8602],{"class":87},[47,23918,84],{"class":83},[47,23920,16325],{"class":87},[47,23922,236],{"class":83},[47,23924,23925,23927,23929,23931,23933,23935,23937,23939],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,23926,98],{"class":97},[47,23928,101],{"class":83},[47,23930,7492],{"class":919},[47,23932,101],{"class":83},[47,23934,8602],{"class":87},[47,23936,84],{"class":83},[47,23938,16325],{"class":87},[47,23940,5690],{"class":83},[20,23942,23943],{},[121,23944,338],{},[38,23946,23948],{"className":40,"code":23947,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,23949,23950,23980],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23951,23952,23954,23956,23958,23960,23962,23964,23966,23968,23970,23972,23974,23976,23978],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23953,16416],{"class":87},[47,23955,2374],{"class":83},[47,23957,2693],{"class":61},[47,23959,229],{"class":65},[47,23961,2693],{"class":61},[47,23963,590],{"class":83},[47,23965,2688],{"class":61},[47,23967,8697],{"class":65},[47,23969,2693],{"class":61},[47,23971,590],{"class":83},[47,23973,2688],{"class":61},[47,23975,19293],{"class":65},[47,23977,2693],{"class":61},[47,23979,3284],{"class":83},[47,23981,23982,23984,23986,23988,23990,23992,23994,23996,23998,24000,24002,24004,24006],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,23983,3296],{"class":83},[47,23985,2693],{"class":61},[47,23987,229],{"class":65},[47,23989,2693],{"class":61},[47,23991,590],{"class":83},[47,23993,2688],{"class":61},[47,23995,8697],{"class":65},[47,23997,2693],{"class":61},[47,23999,590],{"class":83},[47,24001,2688],{"class":61},[47,24003,19293],{"class":65},[47,24005,2693],{"class":61},[47,24007,3030],{"class":83},[20,24009,24010],{},"This shows two things:",[133,24012,24013,24021],{},[136,24014,24015,21377,24018,24020],{},[15,24016,24017],{},"data.keys()",[15,24019,16416],{}," object",[136,24022,24023,24026],{},[15,24024,24025],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24028,8549,24029,84],{},[154,24030,24031],{"href":8789},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[33,24033,4831],{"id":4830},[20,24035,169],{},[38,24037,24039],{"className":40,"code":24038,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24040,24041],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24042,24043,24045,24047,24049],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24044,10850],{"class":53},[47,24046,84],{"class":83},[47,24048,16325],{"class":87},[47,24050,91],{"class":83},[20,24052,21202],{},[133,24054,24055,24058,24061],{},[136,24056,24057],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[136,24059,24060],{},"It takes no parameters",[136,24062,24063],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24065,788],{},[38,24067,24069],{"className":40,"code":24068,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24070,24071,24095],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24072,24073,24075,24077,24079,24081,24083,24085,24087,24089,24091,24093],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24074,12263],{"class":53},[47,24076,58],{"class":57},[47,24078,9890],{"class":83},[47,24080,253],{"class":61},[47,24082,229],{"class":65},[47,24084,253],{"class":61},[47,24086,1032],{"class":83},[47,24088,62],{"class":61},[47,24090,12280],{"class":65},[47,24092,253],{"class":61},[47,24094,8707],{"class":83},[47,24096,24097,24099,24101,24103,24105,24107],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,24098,98],{"class":97},[47,24100,101],{"class":83},[47,24102,13027],{"class":87},[47,24104,84],{"class":83},[47,24106,16325],{"class":87},[47,24108,236],{"class":83},[20,24110,24111],{},"Incorrect:",[38,24113,24115],{"className":40,"code":24114,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24116,24117,24141],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24118,24119,24121,24123,24125,24127,24129,24131,24133,24135,24137,24139],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24120,12263],{"class":53},[47,24122,58],{"class":57},[47,24124,9890],{"class":83},[47,24126,253],{"class":61},[47,24128,229],{"class":65},[47,24130,253],{"class":61},[47,24132,1032],{"class":83},[47,24134,62],{"class":61},[47,24136,12280],{"class":65},[47,24138,253],{"class":61},[47,24140,8707],{"class":83},[47,24142,24143,24145,24147,24149,24151,24154],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,24144,98],{"class":97},[47,24146,101],{"class":83},[47,24148,13027],{"class":87},[47,24150,84],{"class":83},[47,24152,16325],{"class":24153},"skxfh",[47,24155,107],{"class":83},[20,24157,24158],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[33,24160,16821],{"id":16820},[20,24162,24163,21377,24165,24167],{},[15,24164,16467],{},[15,24166,16416],{}," object.",[20,24169,24170],{},"This object:",[133,24172,24173,24176,24179,24185],{},[136,24174,24175],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[136,24177,24178],{},"can be used in a loop",[136,24180,24181,24182],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24183,24184],{},"list()",[136,24186,24187],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24189,538],{},[38,24191,24193],{"className":40,"code":24192,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24194,24195,24236,24240,24255,24259,24269],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24196,24197,24200,24202,24204,24206,24209,24211,24213,24215,24218,24220,24222,24224,24227,24229,24231,24234],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24198,24199],{"class":53},"car ",[47,24201,58],{"class":57},[47,24203,9890],{"class":83},[47,24205,253],{"class":61},[47,24207,24208],{"class":65},"brand",[47,24210,253],{"class":61},[47,24212,1032],{"class":83},[47,24214,62],{"class":61},[47,24216,24217],{"class":65},"Toyota",[47,24219,253],{"class":61},[47,24221,590],{"class":83},[47,24223,62],{"class":61},[47,24225,24226],{"class":65},"year",[47,24228,253],{"class":61},[47,24230,1032],{"class":83},[47,24232,24233],{"class":586}," 2020",[47,24235,8707],{"class":83},[47,24237,24238],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,24239,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,24241,24242,24244,24246,24249,24251,24253],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,24243,75],{"class":53},[47,24245,58],{"class":57},[47,24247,24248],{"class":53}," car",[47,24250,84],{"class":83},[47,24252,16325],{"class":87},[47,24254,91],{"class":83},[47,24256,24257],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,24258,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,24260,24261,24263,24265,24267],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,24262,98],{"class":97},[47,24264,101],{"class":83},[47,24266,104],{"class":87},[47,24268,107],{"class":83},[47,24270,24271,24273,24275,24277,24279,24281],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,24272,98],{"class":97},[47,24274,101],{"class":83},[47,24276,2613],{"class":919},[47,24278,101],{"class":83},[47,24280,104],{"class":87},[47,24282,1419],{"class":83},[20,24284,24285],{},[121,24286,338],{},[38,24288,24290],{"className":40,"code":24289,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24291,24292,24314],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24293,24294,24296,24298,24300,24302,24304,24306,24308,24310,24312],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24295,16416],{"class":87},[47,24297,2374],{"class":83},[47,24299,2693],{"class":61},[47,24301,24208],{"class":65},[47,24303,2693],{"class":61},[47,24305,590],{"class":83},[47,24307,2688],{"class":61},[47,24309,24226],{"class":65},[47,24311,2693],{"class":61},[47,24313,3284],{"class":83},[47,24315,24316,24318,24320,24322,24324,24326],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,24317,2682],{"class":57},[47,24319,2685],{"class":1458},[47,24321,2688],{"class":61},[47,24323,16416],{"class":65},[47,24325,2693],{"class":61},[47,24327,2696],{"class":57},[20,24329,24330,24331,24335,24336,84],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[154,24332,10137,24333,1289],{"href":16470},[15,24334,16473],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[154,24337,10137,24338,1289],{"href":16477},[15,24339,16480],{},[33,24341,24343],{"id":24342},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,24345,24346],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[38,24348,24350],{"className":40,"code":24349,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24351,24352,24405,24409,24425],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24353,24354,24356,24358,24360,24362,24364,24366,24368,24370,24372,24374,24376,24378,24380,24382,24384,24386,24388,24390,24392,24394,24396,24398,24401,24403],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24355,12263],{"class":53},[47,24357,58],{"class":57},[47,24359,9890],{"class":83},[47,24361,253],{"class":61},[47,24363,229],{"class":65},[47,24365,253],{"class":61},[47,24367,1032],{"class":83},[47,24369,62],{"class":61},[47,24371,12280],{"class":65},[47,24373,253],{"class":61},[47,24375,590],{"class":83},[47,24377,62],{"class":61},[47,24379,8697],{"class":65},[47,24381,253],{"class":61},[47,24383,1032],{"class":83},[47,24385,7189],{"class":586},[47,24387,590],{"class":83},[47,24389,62],{"class":61},[47,24391,14731],{"class":65},[47,24393,253],{"class":61},[47,24395,1032],{"class":83},[47,24397,62],{"class":61},[47,24399,24400],{"class":65},"Math",[47,24402,253],{"class":61},[47,24404,8707],{"class":83},[47,24406,24407],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,24408,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,24410,24411,24413,24415,24417,24419,24421,24423],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,24412,5359],{"class":655},[47,24414,17611],{"class":53},[47,24416,3278],{"class":655},[47,24418,12306],{"class":53},[47,24420,84],{"class":83},[47,24422,16325],{"class":87},[47,24424,20997],{"class":83},[47,24426,24427,24429,24431,24433],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,24428,684],{"class":97},[47,24430,101],{"class":83},[47,24432,14243],{"class":87},[47,24434,107],{"class":83},[20,24436,24437],{},[121,24438,338],{},[38,24440,24442],{"className":40,"code":24441,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,24443,24444,24449,24454],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24445,24446],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24447,24448],{"class":53},"name\n",[47,24450,24451],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,24452,24453],{"class":53},"age\n",[47,24455,24456],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,24457,24458],{"class":53},"course\n",[20,24460,24461],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[38,24463,24465],{"className":40,"code":24464,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,24466,24467,24479],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24468,24469,24471,24473,24475,24477],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24470,5359],{"class":655},[47,24472,17611],{"class":53},[47,24474,3278],{"class":655},[47,24476,12306],{"class":53},[47,24478,679],{"class":83},[47,24480,24481,24483,24485,24487],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,24482,684],{"class":97},[47,24484,101],{"class":83},[47,24486,14243],{"class":87},[47,24488,107],{"class":83},[20,24490,24491,24492,24495],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,24493,24494],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[33,24497,603,24499],{"id":24498},"when-to-use-keys",[15,24500,16467],{},[20,24502,1486,24503,10001],{},[15,24504,16467],{},[133,24506,24507,24510,24513],{},[136,24508,24509],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[136,24511,24512],{},"you want to display available fields",[136,24514,24515],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,24517,538],{},[38,24519,24521],{"className":40,"code":24520,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24522,24523,24576,24580,24595,24612],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24524,24525,24528,24530,24532,24534,24536,24538,24540,24542,24545,24547,24549,24551,24554,24556,24558,24561,24563,24565,24568,24570,24572,24574],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24526,24527],{"class":53},"product ",[47,24529,58],{"class":57},[47,24531,9890],{"class":83},[47,24533,253],{"class":61},[47,24535,229],{"class":65},[47,24537,253],{"class":61},[47,24539,1032],{"class":83},[47,24541,62],{"class":61},[47,24543,24544],{"class":65},"Book",[47,24546,253],{"class":61},[47,24548,590],{"class":83},[47,24550,62],{"class":61},[47,24552,24553],{"class":65},"price",[47,24555,253],{"class":61},[47,24557,1032],{"class":83},[47,24559,24560],{"class":586}," 12.99",[47,24562,590],{"class":83},[47,24564,62],{"class":61},[47,24566,24567],{"class":65},"stock",[47,24569,253],{"class":61},[47,24571,1032],{"class":83},[47,24573,4002],{"class":586},[47,24575,8707],{"class":83},[47,24577,24578],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,24579,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,24581,24582,24584,24586,24588,24591,24593],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,24583,98],{"class":97},[47,24585,101],{"class":83},[47,24587,253],{"class":61},[47,24589,24590],{"class":65},"Available fields:",[47,24592,253],{"class":61},[47,24594,107],{"class":83},[47,24596,24597,24599,24601,24603,24606,24608,24610],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,24598,5359],{"class":655},[47,24600,17611],{"class":53},[47,24602,3278],{"class":655},[47,24604,24605],{"class":53}," product",[47,24607,84],{"class":83},[47,24609,16325],{"class":87},[47,24611,20997],{"class":83},[47,24613,24614,24616,24618,24620],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,24615,684],{"class":97},[47,24617,101],{"class":83},[47,24619,14243],{"class":87},[47,24621,107],{"class":83},[20,24623,24624],{},[121,24625,338],{},[38,24627,24629],{"className":40,"code":24628,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,24630,24631,24638,24642,24647],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24632,24633,24636],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24634,24635],{"class":53},"Available fields",[47,24637,679],{"class":83},[47,24639,24640],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,24641,24448],{"class":53},[47,24643,24644],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,24645,24646],{"class":53},"price\n",[47,24648,24649],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,24650,24651],{"class":53},"stock\n",[20,24653,24654],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[38,24656,24658],{"className":40,"code":24657,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,24659,24660,24696,24700],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24661,24662,24664,24666,24668,24670,24672,24674,24676,24678,24680,24682,24684,24686,24688,24690,24692,24694],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24663,24527],{"class":53},[47,24665,58],{"class":57},[47,24667,9890],{"class":83},[47,24669,253],{"class":61},[47,24671,229],{"class":65},[47,24673,253],{"class":61},[47,24675,1032],{"class":83},[47,24677,62],{"class":61},[47,24679,24544],{"class":65},[47,24681,253],{"class":61},[47,24683,590],{"class":83},[47,24685,62],{"class":61},[47,24687,24553],{"class":65},[47,24689,253],{"class":61},[47,24691,1032],{"class":83},[47,24693,24560],{"class":586},[47,24695,8707],{"class":83},[47,24697,24698],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,24699,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,24701,24702,24704,24706,24708,24710,24712,24714,24716,24718,24720],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,24703,98],{"class":97},[47,24705,101],{"class":83},[47,24707,253],{"class":61},[47,24709,229],{"class":65},[47,24711,253],{"class":61},[47,24713,20575],{"class":655},[47,24715,24605],{"class":87},[47,24717,84],{"class":83},[47,24719,16325],{"class":87},[47,24721,236],{"class":83},[20,24723,24724,24725,84],{},"This works and returns ",[15,24726,2997],{},[20,24728,24729],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[38,24731,24733],{"className":40,"code":24732,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,24734,24735],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24736,24737,24739,24741,24743,24745,24747,24749,24751],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24738,98],{"class":97},[47,24740,101],{"class":83},[47,24742,253],{"class":61},[47,24744,229],{"class":65},[47,24746,253],{"class":61},[47,24748,20575],{"class":655},[47,24750,24605],{"class":87},[47,24752,107],{"class":83},[20,24754,24755,24756,84],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[154,24757,20608],{"href":16555},[33,24759,24761],{"id":24760},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,24763,24764,24765,84],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,24766,16467],{},[724,24768,7852,24770,24772],{"id":24769},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,24771,16467],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,24774,24775,24777],{},[15,24776,16467],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,24779,538],{},[38,24781,24783],{"className":40,"code":24782,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,24784,24785,24821],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24786,24787,24789,24791,24793,24795,24797,24799,24801,24803,24805,24807,24809,24811,24813,24815,24817,24819],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24788,8563],{"class":53},[47,24790,58],{"class":57},[47,24792,9890],{"class":83},[47,24794,253],{"class":61},[47,24796,229],{"class":65},[47,24798,253],{"class":61},[47,24800,1032],{"class":83},[47,24802,62],{"class":61},[47,24804,12280],{"class":65},[47,24806,253],{"class":61},[47,24808,590],{"class":83},[47,24810,62],{"class":61},[47,24812,8697],{"class":65},[47,24814,253],{"class":61},[47,24816,1032],{"class":83},[47,24818,7189],{"class":586},[47,24820,8707],{"class":83},[47,24822,24823,24825,24827,24829,24831,24833],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,24824,98],{"class":97},[47,24826,101],{"class":83},[47,24828,8602],{"class":87},[47,24830,84],{"class":83},[47,24832,16325],{"class":87},[47,24834,236],{"class":83},[20,24836,24837],{},[121,24838,338],{},[38,24840,24842],{"className":40,"code":24841,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,24843,24844],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24845,24846,24848,24850,24852,24854,24856,24858,24860,24862,24864],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24847,16416],{"class":87},[47,24849,2374],{"class":83},[47,24851,2693],{"class":61},[47,24853,229],{"class":65},[47,24855,2693],{"class":61},[47,24857,590],{"class":83},[47,24859,2688],{"class":61},[47,24861,8697],{"class":65},[47,24863,2693],{"class":61},[47,24865,3284],{"class":83},[20,24867,24868,24869,84],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[154,24870,24871],{"href":16477},[15,24872,16480],{},[724,24874,24876,24877],{"id":24875},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,24878,16416],{},[20,24880,24881],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[38,24883,24885],{"className":40,"code":24884,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,24886,24887],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24888,24889,24891,24893,24895,24897,24899,24901,24903,24905],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24890,3296],{"class":83},[47,24892,2693],{"class":61},[47,24894,229],{"class":65},[47,24896,2693],{"class":61},[47,24898,590],{"class":83},[47,24900,2688],{"class":61},[47,24902,8697],{"class":65},[47,24904,2693],{"class":61},[47,24906,3030],{"class":83},[20,24908,24909,24910,24912],{},"But ",[15,24911,16467],{}," returns:",[38,24914,24915],{"className":40,"code":24841,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,24916,24917],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24918,24919,24921,24923,24925,24927,24929,24931,24933,24935,24937],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24920,16416],{"class":87},[47,24922,2374],{"class":83},[47,24924,2693],{"class":61},[47,24926,229],{"class":65},[47,24928,2693],{"class":61},[47,24930,590],{"class":83},[47,24932,2688],{"class":61},[47,24934,8697],{"class":65},[47,24936,2693],{"class":61},[47,24938,3284],{"class":83},[20,24940,24941],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[38,24943,24945],{"className":40,"code":24944,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,24946,24947,24983,25002,25006],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24948,24949,24951,24953,24955,24957,24959,24961,24963,24965,24967,24969,24971,24973,24975,24977,24979,24981],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24950,8563],{"class":53},[47,24952,58],{"class":57},[47,24954,9890],{"class":83},[47,24956,253],{"class":61},[47,24958,229],{"class":65},[47,24960,253],{"class":61},[47,24962,1032],{"class":83},[47,24964,62],{"class":61},[47,24966,12280],{"class":65},[47,24968,253],{"class":61},[47,24970,590],{"class":83},[47,24972,62],{"class":61},[47,24974,8697],{"class":65},[47,24976,253],{"class":61},[47,24978,1032],{"class":83},[47,24980,7189],{"class":586},[47,24982,8707],{"class":83},[47,24984,24985,24988,24990,24992,24994,24996,24998,25000],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,24986,24987],{"class":53},"key_list ",[47,24989,58],{"class":57},[47,24991,21962],{"class":919},[47,24993,101],{"class":83},[47,24995,8602],{"class":87},[47,24997,84],{"class":83},[47,24999,16325],{"class":87},[47,25001,236],{"class":83},[47,25003,25004],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,25005,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,25007,25008,25010,25012,25015],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,25009,98],{"class":97},[47,25011,101],{"class":83},[47,25013,25014],{"class":87},"key_list",[47,25016,107],{"class":83},[724,25018,25020,25021,25023],{"id":25019},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25022,16467],{}," on a list or string",[20,25025,25026,25028],{},[15,25027,16467],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25030,2225],{},[38,25032,25034],{"className":40,"code":25033,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25035,25036,25056],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25037,25038,25040,25042,25044,25046,25048,25050,25052,25054],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25039,3012],{"class":53},[47,25041,58],{"class":57},[47,25043,3017],{"class":83},[47,25045,2377],{"class":586},[47,25047,590],{"class":83},[47,25049,2382],{"class":586},[47,25051,590],{"class":83},[47,25053,1841],{"class":586},[47,25055,3030],{"class":83},[47,25057,25058,25060,25062,25064,25066,25068],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,25059,98],{"class":97},[47,25061,101],{"class":83},[47,25063,3044],{"class":87},[47,25065,84],{"class":83},[47,25067,16325],{"class":87},[47,25069,236],{"class":83},[20,25071,25072,25073,25076,25077,25079,25080,84],{},"You may get an ",[15,25074,25075],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25078,16467],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[154,25081,25083,25084,25087],{"href":25082},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25085,25086],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[724,25089,25091],{"id":25090},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25093,25094],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[38,25096,25098],{"className":40,"code":25097,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25099,25100,25124],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25101,25102,25104,25106,25108,25110,25112,25114,25116,25118,25120,25122],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25103,8563],{"class":53},[47,25105,58],{"class":57},[47,25107,9890],{"class":83},[47,25109,253],{"class":61},[47,25111,229],{"class":65},[47,25113,253],{"class":61},[47,25115,1032],{"class":83},[47,25117,62],{"class":61},[47,25119,12280],{"class":65},[47,25121,253],{"class":61},[47,25123,8707],{"class":83},[47,25125,25126,25128,25130,25132,25134,25136],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,25127,98],{"class":97},[47,25129,101],{"class":83},[47,25131,8602],{"class":87},[47,25133,84],{"class":83},[47,25135,16325],{"class":24153},[47,25137,107],{"class":83},[20,25139,25140],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25142,18097],{},[38,25144,25146],{"className":40,"code":25145,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25147,25148],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25149,25150,25152,25154,25156,25158,25160],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25151,98],{"class":97},[47,25153,101],{"class":83},[47,25155,8602],{"class":87},[47,25157,84],{"class":83},[47,25159,16325],{"class":87},[47,25161,236],{"class":83},[33,25163,722],{"id":721},[20,25165,25166,25167,1032],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25168,16467],{},[133,25170,25171,25176,25182,25188],{},[136,25172,7816,25173,25175],{},[15,25174,16467],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[136,25177,25178,25179,25181],{},"Thinking ",[15,25180,16467],{}," returns values too",[136,25183,25184,25185,25187],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25186,16416],{}," like a normal list",[136,25189,25190,25191,25193],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25192,16416],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25195,25196],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[38,25198,25200],{"className":40,"code":25199,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25201,25202,25234,25248,25252,25262],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25203,25204,25206,25208,25210,25212,25214,25216,25218,25220,25222,25224,25226,25228,25230,25232],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25205,8563],{"class":53},[47,25207,58],{"class":57},[47,25209,9890],{"class":83},[47,25211,253],{"class":61},[47,25213,154],{"class":65},[47,25215,253],{"class":61},[47,25217,1032],{"class":83},[47,25219,4898],{"class":586},[47,25221,590],{"class":83},[47,25223,62],{"class":61},[47,25225,4158],{"class":65},[47,25227,253],{"class":61},[47,25229,1032],{"class":83},[47,25231,2382],{"class":586},[47,25233,8707],{"class":83},[47,25235,25236,25238,25240,25242,25244,25246],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,25237,16644],{"class":53},[47,25239,58],{"class":57},[47,25241,13968],{"class":53},[47,25243,84],{"class":83},[47,25245,16325],{"class":87},[47,25247,91],{"class":83},[47,25249,25250],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,25251,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,25253,25254,25256,25258,25260],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,25255,98],{"class":97},[47,25257,101],{"class":83},[47,25259,16325],{"class":87},[47,25261,107],{"class":83},[47,25263,25264],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,25265,25266],{"class":113},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25268,25269],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[38,25271,25273],{"className":40,"code":25272,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25274,25275,25307,25325,25329],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25276,25277,25279,25281,25283,25285,25287,25289,25291,25293,25295,25297,25299,25301,25303,25305],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25278,8563],{"class":53},[47,25280,58],{"class":57},[47,25282,9890],{"class":83},[47,25284,253],{"class":61},[47,25286,154],{"class":65},[47,25288,253],{"class":61},[47,25290,1032],{"class":83},[47,25292,4898],{"class":586},[47,25294,590],{"class":83},[47,25296,62],{"class":61},[47,25298,4158],{"class":65},[47,25300,253],{"class":61},[47,25302,1032],{"class":83},[47,25304,2382],{"class":586},[47,25306,8707],{"class":83},[47,25308,25309,25311,25313,25315,25317,25319,25321,25323],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,25310,16644],{"class":53},[47,25312,58],{"class":57},[47,25314,21962],{"class":919},[47,25316,101],{"class":83},[47,25318,8602],{"class":87},[47,25320,84],{"class":83},[47,25322,16325],{"class":87},[47,25324,236],{"class":83},[47,25326,25327],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,25328,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,25330,25331,25333,25335,25337,25339,25341],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,25332,98],{"class":97},[47,25334,101],{"class":83},[47,25336,16325],{"class":87},[47,25338,3296],{"class":83},[47,25340,1514],{"class":586},[47,25342,3284],{"class":83},[33,25344,25346],{"id":25345},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,25348,10513],{},[38,25350,25352],{"className":40,"code":25351,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,25353,25354,25368,25378,25392],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25355,25356,25358,25360,25362,25364,25366],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25357,98],{"class":97},[47,25359,101],{"class":83},[47,25361,2613],{"class":919},[47,25363,101],{"class":83},[47,25365,10850],{"class":87},[47,25367,1419],{"class":83},[47,25369,25370,25372,25374,25376],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,25371,98],{"class":97},[47,25373,101],{"class":83},[47,25375,10850],{"class":87},[47,25377,107],{"class":83},[47,25379,25380,25382,25384,25386,25388,25390],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,25381,98],{"class":97},[47,25383,101],{"class":83},[47,25385,10850],{"class":87},[47,25387,84],{"class":83},[47,25389,16325],{"class":87},[47,25391,236],{"class":83},[47,25393,25394,25396,25398,25400,25402,25404,25406,25408],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,25395,98],{"class":97},[47,25397,101],{"class":83},[47,25399,7492],{"class":919},[47,25401,101],{"class":83},[47,25403,10850],{"class":87},[47,25405,84],{"class":83},[47,25407,16325],{"class":87},[47,25409,5690],{"class":83},[20,25411,25412],{},"These help you confirm:",[133,25414,25415,25418,25421,25426],{},[136,25416,25417],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[136,25419,25420],{},"what data it contains",[136,25422,25423,25424,11104],{},"what ",[15,25425,16467],{},[136,25427,25428],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[33,25430,1155],{"id":1154},[724,25432,23321,25434,4543],{"id":25433},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,25435,16467],{},[20,25437,16824,25438,25440],{},[15,25439,16416],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[724,25442,14305,25444,25447],{"id":25443},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,25445,25446],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,25449,25450,25451,25453,25454,84],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,25452,16416],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,25455,25456],{},"list(dict.keys())",[724,25458,25460,25461,1883],{"id":25459},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,25462,25446],{},[20,25464,25465,25466,25468],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,25467,5359],{}," loop.",[724,25470,25472,25473,25475],{"id":25471},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,25474,16467],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,25477,25478,25479,25481],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,25480,16467],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[724,25483,25485],{"id":25484},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,25487,1486,25488,84],{},[15,25489,25490],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[33,25492,1275],{"id":1274},[133,25494,25495,25500,25506,25512,25518,25522],{},[136,25496,25497],{},[154,25498,25499],{"href":8789},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[136,25501,25502],{},[154,25503,10137,25504,1289],{"href":16470},[15,25505,16473],{},[136,25507,25508],{},[154,25509,10137,25510,1289],{"href":16477},[15,25511,16480],{},[136,25513,25514],{},[154,25515,25517],{"href":25516},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[136,25519,25520],{},[154,25521,16556],{"href":16555},[136,25523,25524],{},[154,25525,25526,25527,25087],{"href":25082},"How to fix ",[15,25528,25086],{},[1320,25530,25531],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":25533},[25534,25535,25537,25538,25539,25540,25541,25543,25552,25553,25554,25565],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":23652,"depth":72,"text":25536},"What keys() does",{"id":5187,"depth":72,"text":5188},{"id":4830,"depth":72,"text":4831},{"id":16820,"depth":72,"text":16821},{"id":24342,"depth":72,"text":24343},{"id":24498,"depth":72,"text":25542},"When to use keys()",{"id":24760,"depth":72,"text":24761,"children":25544},[25545,25547,25549,25551],{"id":24769,"depth":94,"text":25546},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":24875,"depth":94,"text":25548},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25019,"depth":94,"text":25550},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25090,"depth":94,"text":25091},{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722},{"id":25345,"depth":72,"text":25346},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":25555},[25556,25558,25560,25562,25564],{"id":25433,"depth":94,"text":25557},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25443,"depth":94,"text":25559},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":25459,"depth":94,"text":25561},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":25471,"depth":94,"text":25563},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":25484,"depth":94,"text":25485},{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":23474,"description":25566},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":25572,"title":25573,"body":25574,"description":27846,"extension":1354,"meta":27847,"navigation":311,"path":27848,"seo":27849,"stem":27850,"__hash__":27851},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":25575,"toc":27799},[25576,25581,25586,25589,25591,25737,25750,25755,25759,25773,25775,25878,25887,25889,25892,25930,25955,25957,26064,26066,26073,26076,26084,26086,26227,26235,26240,26244,26255,26257,26419,26422,26430,26437,26443,26540,26546,26623,26626,26638,26643,26649,26652,26656,26745,26748,26752,26856,26863,26950,26959,26961,26966,26972,26975,27021,27024,27090,27099,27105,27198,27204,27210,27253,27256,27321,27327,27419,27422,27426,27432,27457,27460,27556,27563,27565,27570,27661,27663,27691,27696,27698,27705,27708,27712,27722,27727,27730,27736,27746,27753,27761,27763,27796],[10,25577,10719,25579,18],{"id":25578},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,25580,12162],{},[20,25582,25583,25585],{},[15,25584,11969],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,25587,25588],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[33,25590,3002],{"id":3001},[38,25592,25594],{"className":40,"code":25593,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,25595,25596,25632,25656,25670,25683,25687,25692,25724],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25597,25598,25600,25602,25604,25606,25608,25610,25612,25614,25616,25618,25620,25622,25624,25626,25628,25630],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25599,12605],{"class":53},[47,25601,58],{"class":57},[47,25603,9890],{"class":83},[47,25605,253],{"class":61},[47,25607,229],{"class":65},[47,25609,253],{"class":61},[47,25611,1032],{"class":83},[47,25613,62],{"class":61},[47,25615,12280],{"class":65},[47,25617,253],{"class":61},[47,25619,590],{"class":83},[47,25621,62],{"class":61},[47,25623,8697],{"class":65},[47,25625,253],{"class":61},[47,25627,1032],{"class":83},[47,25629,8704],{"class":586},[47,25631,8707],{"class":83},[47,25633,25634,25637,25639,25641,25643,25646,25648,25650,25652,25654],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,25635,25636],{"class":53},"removed_age ",[47,25638,58],{"class":57},[47,25640,12648],{"class":53},[47,25642,84],{"class":83},[47,25644,25645],{"class":87},"pop",[47,25647,101],{"class":83},[47,25649,253],{"class":61},[47,25651,8697],{"class":65},[47,25653,253],{"class":61},[47,25655,107],{"class":83},[47,25657,25658,25660,25662,25665,25667],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,25659,98],{"class":97},[47,25661,101],{"class":83},[47,25663,25664],{"class":87},"removed_age",[47,25666,3057],{"class":83},[47,25668,25669],{"class":113},"   # 25\n",[47,25671,25672,25674,25676,25678,25680],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,25673,98],{"class":97},[47,25675,101],{"class":83},[47,25677,16709],{"class":87},[47,25679,3057],{"class":83},[47,25681,25682],{"class":113},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[47,25684,25685],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,25686,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,25688,25689],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,25690,25691],{"class":113},"# Safe version with default value\n",[47,25693,25694,25697,25699,25701,25703,25705,25707,25709,25711,25713,25715,25717,25720,25722],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,25695,25696],{"class":53},"country ",[47,25698,58],{"class":57},[47,25700,12648],{"class":53},[47,25702,84],{"class":83},[47,25704,25645],{"class":87},[47,25706,101],{"class":83},[47,25708,253],{"class":61},[47,25710,14664],{"class":65},[47,25712,253],{"class":61},[47,25714,590],{"class":83},[47,25716,62],{"class":61},[47,25718,25719],{"class":65},"Not found",[47,25721,253],{"class":61},[47,25723,107],{"class":83},[47,25725,25726,25728,25730,25732,25734],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,25727,98],{"class":97},[47,25729,101],{"class":83},[47,25731,14664],{"class":87},[47,25733,3057],{"class":83},[47,25735,25736],{"class":113},"       # Not found\n",[20,25738,1486,25739,25742,25743,25746,25747,25749],{},[15,25740,25741],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,25744,25745],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,25748,19089],{}," when the key might not exist.",[33,25751,128,25753,131],{"id":25752},"what-dictpop-does",[15,25754,11969],{},[20,25756,25757,1032],{},[15,25758,11969],{},[133,25760,25761,25764,25767,25770],{},[136,25762,25763],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[136,25765,25766],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[136,25768,25769],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[136,25771,25772],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,25774,538],{},[38,25776,25778],{"className":40,"code":25777,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,25779,25780,25820,25824,25847,25851,25865],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25781,25782,25784,25786,25788,25790,25792,25794,25796,25798,25800,25802,25804,25806,25808,25810,25812,25814,25816,25818],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25783,10886],{"class":53},[47,25785,58],{"class":57},[47,25787,9890],{"class":83},[47,25789,253],{"class":61},[47,25791,229],{"class":65},[47,25793,253],{"class":61},[47,25795,1032],{"class":83},[47,25797,62],{"class":61},[47,25799,12622],{"class":65},[47,25801,253],{"class":61},[47,25803,590],{"class":83},[47,25805,62],{"class":61},[47,25807,9808],{"class":65},[47,25809,253],{"class":61},[47,25811,1032],{"class":83},[47,25813,62],{"class":61},[47,25815,9815],{"class":65},[47,25817,253],{"class":61},[47,25819,8707],{"class":83},[47,25821,25822],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,25823,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,25825,25826,25829,25831,25833,25835,25837,25839,25841,25843,25845],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,25827,25828],{"class":53},"removed_city ",[47,25830,58],{"class":57},[47,25832,10969],{"class":53},[47,25834,84],{"class":83},[47,25836,25645],{"class":87},[47,25838,101],{"class":83},[47,25840,253],{"class":61},[47,25842,9808],{"class":65},[47,25844,253],{"class":61},[47,25846,107],{"class":83},[47,25848,25849],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,25850,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,25852,25853,25855,25857,25860,25862],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,25854,98],{"class":97},[47,25856,101],{"class":83},[47,25858,25859],{"class":87},"removed_city",[47,25861,3057],{"class":83},[47,25863,25864],{"class":113},"  # Paris\n",[47,25866,25867,25869,25871,25873,25875],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,25868,98],{"class":97},[47,25870,101],{"class":83},[47,25872,10980],{"class":87},[47,25874,3057],{"class":83},[47,25876,25877],{"class":113},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,25879,20173,25880,25883,25884,84],{},[15,25881,25882],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,25885,25886],{},"\"Paris\"",[33,25888,166],{"id":165},[20,25890,25891],{},"There are two common forms:",[38,25893,25895],{"className":40,"code":25894,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,25896,25897,25911],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25898,25899,25901,25903,25905,25907,25909],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25900,10850],{"class":53},[47,25902,84],{"class":83},[47,25904,25645],{"class":87},[47,25906,101],{"class":83},[47,25908,14243],{"class":87},[47,25910,107],{"class":83},[47,25912,25913,25915,25917,25919,25921,25923,25925,25928],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,25914,10850],{"class":53},[47,25916,84],{"class":83},[47,25918,25645],{"class":87},[47,25920,101],{"class":83},[47,25922,14243],{"class":87},[47,25924,590],{"class":83},[47,25926,25927],{"class":87}," default",[47,25929,107],{"class":83},[133,25931,25932,25938,25946,25952],{},[136,25933,25934,25937],{},[15,25935,25936],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[136,25939,25940,25942,25943,25945],{},[15,25941,25936],{}," raises ",[15,25944,19089],{}," if the key is missing",[136,25947,25948,25951],{},[15,25949,25950],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[136,25953,25954],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,25956,538],{},[38,25958,25960],{"className":40,"code":25959,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,25961,25962,25994,25998,26023,26051],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25963,25964,25966,25968,25970,25972,25974,25976,25978,25980,25982,25984,25986,25988,25990,25992],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25965,4461],{"class":53},[47,25967,58],{"class":57},[47,25969,9890],{"class":83},[47,25971,253],{"class":61},[47,25973,17819],{"class":65},[47,25975,253],{"class":61},[47,25977,1032],{"class":83},[47,25979,19300],{"class":586},[47,25981,590],{"class":83},[47,25983,62],{"class":61},[47,25985,17828],{"class":65},[47,25987,253],{"class":61},[47,25989,1032],{"class":83},[47,25991,12908],{"class":586},[47,25993,8707],{"class":83},[47,25995,25996],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,25997,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,25999,26000,26002,26004,26006,26008,26010,26012,26014,26016,26018,26020],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,26001,98],{"class":97},[47,26003,101],{"class":83},[47,26005,15792],{"class":87},[47,26007,84],{"class":83},[47,26009,25645],{"class":87},[47,26011,101],{"class":83},[47,26013,253],{"class":61},[47,26015,17819],{"class":65},[47,26017,253],{"class":61},[47,26019,4761],{"class":83},[47,26021,26022],{"class":113},"         # 90\n",[47,26024,26025,26027,26029,26031,26033,26035,26037,26039,26041,26043,26045,26047,26049],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,26026,98],{"class":97},[47,26028,101],{"class":83},[47,26030,15792],{"class":87},[47,26032,84],{"class":83},[47,26034,25645],{"class":87},[47,26036,101],{"class":83},[47,26038,253],{"class":61},[47,26040,17837],{"class":65},[47,26042,253],{"class":61},[47,26044,590],{"class":83},[47,26046,3230],{"class":586},[47,26048,4761],{"class":83},[47,26050,20170],{"class":113},[47,26052,26053,26055,26057,26059,26061],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,26054,98],{"class":97},[47,26056,101],{"class":83},[47,26058,15792],{"class":87},[47,26060,3057],{"class":83},[47,26062,26063],{"class":113},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[33,26065,16821],{"id":16820},[20,26067,26068,13455,26070,26072],{},[15,26069,12162],{},[121,26071,123],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26074,26075],{},"Instead, it returns:",[133,26077,26078,26081],{},[136,26079,26080],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[136,26082,26083],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26085,538],{},[38,26087,26089],{"className":40,"code":26088,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26090,26091,26123,26127,26150,26182,26186,26200,26214],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26092,26093,26095,26097,26099,26101,26103,26105,26107,26109,26111,26113,26115,26117,26119,26121],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26094,8563],{"class":53},[47,26096,58],{"class":57},[47,26098,9890],{"class":83},[47,26100,253],{"class":61},[47,26102,154],{"class":65},[47,26104,253],{"class":61},[47,26106,1032],{"class":83},[47,26108,5405],{"class":586},[47,26110,590],{"class":83},[47,26112,62],{"class":61},[47,26114,4158],{"class":65},[47,26116,253],{"class":61},[47,26118,1032],{"class":83},[47,26120,7189],{"class":586},[47,26122,8707],{"class":83},[47,26124,26125],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,26126,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,26128,26129,26132,26134,26136,26138,26140,26142,26144,26146,26148],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,26130,26131],{"class":53},"result1 ",[47,26133,58],{"class":57},[47,26135,13968],{"class":53},[47,26137,84],{"class":83},[47,26139,25645],{"class":87},[47,26141,101],{"class":83},[47,26143,253],{"class":61},[47,26145,154],{"class":65},[47,26147,253],{"class":61},[47,26149,107],{"class":83},[47,26151,26152,26155,26157,26159,26161,26163,26165,26167,26169,26171,26173,26175,26178,26180],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,26153,26154],{"class":53},"result2 ",[47,26156,58],{"class":57},[47,26158,13968],{"class":53},[47,26160,84],{"class":83},[47,26162,25645],{"class":87},[47,26164,101],{"class":83},[47,26166,253],{"class":61},[47,26168,9138],{"class":65},[47,26170,253],{"class":61},[47,26172,590],{"class":83},[47,26174,62],{"class":61},[47,26176,26177],{"class":65},"missing",[47,26179,253],{"class":61},[47,26181,107],{"class":83},[47,26183,26184],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,26185,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,26187,26188,26190,26192,26195,26197],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,26189,98],{"class":97},[47,26191,101],{"class":83},[47,26193,26194],{"class":87},"result1",[47,26196,3057],{"class":83},[47,26198,26199],{"class":113},"  # 10\n",[47,26201,26202,26204,26206,26209,26211],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,26203,98],{"class":97},[47,26205,101],{"class":83},[47,26207,26208],{"class":87},"result2",[47,26210,3057],{"class":83},[47,26212,26213],{"class":113},"  # missing\n",[47,26215,26216,26218,26220,26222,26224],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,26217,98],{"class":97},[47,26219,101],{"class":83},[47,26221,8602],{"class":87},[47,26223,3057],{"class":83},[47,26225,26226],{"class":113},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26228,26229,26230,6031],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[154,26231,26232],{"href":10136},[15,26233,26234],{},"dict.get()",[33,26236,603,26238],{"id":26237},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26239,12162],{},[20,26241,1486,26242,10001],{},[15,26243,12162],{},[133,26245,26246,26249,26252],{},[136,26247,26248],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[136,26250,26251],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[136,26253,26254],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26256,538],{},[38,26258,26260],{"className":40,"code":26259,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26261,26262,26314,26318,26345,26349,26373,26377,26391,26405],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26263,26264,26266,26268,26270,26272,26274,26276,26278,26280,26283,26285,26287,26289,26291,26293,26295,26298,26300,26302,26305,26307,26309,26312],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26265,24527],{"class":53},[47,26267,58],{"class":57},[47,26269,9890],{"class":83},[47,26271,253],{"class":61},[47,26273,229],{"class":65},[47,26275,253],{"class":61},[47,26277,1032],{"class":83},[47,26279,62],{"class":61},[47,26281,26282],{"class":65},"Laptop",[47,26284,253],{"class":61},[47,26286,590],{"class":83},[47,26288,62],{"class":61},[47,26290,24553],{"class":65},[47,26292,253],{"class":61},[47,26294,1032],{"class":83},[47,26296,26297],{"class":586}," 1200",[47,26299,590],{"class":83},[47,26301,62],{"class":61},[47,26303,26304],{"class":65},"discount",[47,26306,253],{"class":61},[47,26308,1032],{"class":83},[47,26310,26311],{"class":586}," 200",[47,26313,8707],{"class":83},[47,26315,26316],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,26317,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,26319,26320,26323,26325,26327,26329,26331,26333,26335,26337,26339,26341,26343],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,26321,26322],{"class":53},"discount_amount ",[47,26324,58],{"class":57},[47,26326,24605],{"class":53},[47,26328,84],{"class":83},[47,26330,25645],{"class":87},[47,26332,101],{"class":83},[47,26334,253],{"class":61},[47,26336,26304],{"class":65},[47,26338,253],{"class":61},[47,26340,590],{"class":83},[47,26342,3230],{"class":586},[47,26344,107],{"class":83},[47,26346,26347],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,26348,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,26350,26351,26354,26356,26358,26360,26362,26364,26366,26368,26370],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,26352,26353],{"class":53},"final_price ",[47,26355,58],{"class":57},[47,26357,24605],{"class":53},[47,26359,3296],{"class":83},[47,26361,253],{"class":61},[47,26363,24553],{"class":65},[47,26365,253],{"class":61},[47,26367,12674],{"class":83},[47,26369,1612],{"class":57},[47,26371,26372],{"class":53}," discount_amount\n",[47,26374,26375],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,26376,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,26378,26379,26381,26383,26386,26388],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,26380,98],{"class":97},[47,26382,101],{"class":83},[47,26384,26385],{"class":87},"discount_amount",[47,26387,3057],{"class":83},[47,26389,26390],{"class":113},"  # 200\n",[47,26392,26393,26395,26397,26400,26402],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,26394,98],{"class":97},[47,26396,101],{"class":83},[47,26398,26399],{"class":87},"final_price",[47,26401,3057],{"class":83},[47,26403,26404],{"class":113},"      # 1000\n",[47,26406,26407,26409,26411,26414,26416],{"class":49,"line":5831},[47,26408,98],{"class":97},[47,26410,101],{"class":83},[47,26412,26413],{"class":87},"product",[47,26415,3057],{"class":83},[47,26417,26418],{"class":113},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,26420,26421],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[33,26423,26425,9985,26427],{"id":26424},"pop-vs-del",[15,26426,12162],{},[15,26428,26429],{},"del",[20,26431,9990,26432,1063,26434,26436],{},[15,26433,12162],{},[15,26435,26429],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[724,26438,1486,26440,26442],{"id":26439},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,26441,12162],{}," when you need the removed value",[38,26444,26446],{"className":40,"code":26445,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26447,26448,26484,26488,26510,26514,26527],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26449,26450,26452,26454,26456,26458,26460,26462,26464,26466,26468,26470,26472,26474,26476,26478,26480,26482],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26451,12605],{"class":53},[47,26453,58],{"class":57},[47,26455,9890],{"class":83},[47,26457,253],{"class":61},[47,26459,229],{"class":65},[47,26461,253],{"class":61},[47,26463,1032],{"class":83},[47,26465,62],{"class":61},[47,26467,12280],{"class":65},[47,26469,253],{"class":61},[47,26471,590],{"class":83},[47,26473,62],{"class":61},[47,26475,8697],{"class":65},[47,26477,253],{"class":61},[47,26479,1032],{"class":83},[47,26481,8704],{"class":586},[47,26483,8707],{"class":83},[47,26485,26486],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,26487,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,26489,26490,26492,26494,26496,26498,26500,26502,26504,26506,26508],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,26491,21030],{"class":53},[47,26493,58],{"class":57},[47,26495,12648],{"class":53},[47,26497,84],{"class":83},[47,26499,25645],{"class":87},[47,26501,101],{"class":83},[47,26503,253],{"class":61},[47,26505,8697],{"class":65},[47,26507,253],{"class":61},[47,26509,107],{"class":83},[47,26511,26512],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,26513,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,26515,26516,26518,26520,26522,26524],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,26517,98],{"class":97},[47,26519,101],{"class":83},[47,26521,8697],{"class":87},[47,26523,3057],{"class":83},[47,26525,26526],{"class":113},"     # 25\n",[47,26528,26529,26531,26533,26535,26537],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,26530,98],{"class":97},[47,26532,101],{"class":83},[47,26534,16709],{"class":87},[47,26536,3057],{"class":83},[47,26538,26539],{"class":113},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[724,26541,1486,26543,26545],{"id":26542},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,26544,26429],{}," when you only want deletion",[38,26547,26549],{"className":40,"code":26548,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26550,26551,26587,26591,26607,26611],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26552,26553,26555,26557,26559,26561,26563,26565,26567,26569,26571,26573,26575,26577,26579,26581,26583,26585],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26554,12605],{"class":53},[47,26556,58],{"class":57},[47,26558,9890],{"class":83},[47,26560,253],{"class":61},[47,26562,229],{"class":65},[47,26564,253],{"class":61},[47,26566,1032],{"class":83},[47,26568,62],{"class":61},[47,26570,12280],{"class":65},[47,26572,253],{"class":61},[47,26574,590],{"class":83},[47,26576,62],{"class":61},[47,26578,8697],{"class":65},[47,26580,253],{"class":61},[47,26582,1032],{"class":83},[47,26584,8704],{"class":586},[47,26586,8707],{"class":83},[47,26588,26589],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,26590,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,26592,26593,26595,26597,26599,26601,26603,26605],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,26594,26429],{"class":655},[47,26596,12648],{"class":53},[47,26598,3296],{"class":83},[47,26600,253],{"class":61},[47,26602,8697],{"class":65},[47,26604,253],{"class":61},[47,26606,3030],{"class":83},[47,26608,26609],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,26610,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,26612,26613,26615,26617,26619,26621],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,26614,98],{"class":97},[47,26616,101],{"class":83},[47,26618,16709],{"class":87},[47,26620,3057],{"class":83},[47,26622,26539],{"class":113},[20,26624,26625],{},"Difference:",[133,26627,26628,26633],{},[136,26629,26630,26632],{},[15,26631,12162],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[136,26634,26635,26637],{},[15,26636,26429],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,26639,26640,26641,84],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[154,26642,11974],{"href":11973},[33,26644,26646,26647],{"id":26645},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,26648,19089],{},[20,26650,26651],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[724,26653,26655],{"id":26654},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[38,26657,26659],{"className":40,"code":26658,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,26660,26661,26686,26690,26716,26720,26732],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26662,26663,26665,26667,26669,26671,26673,26675,26677,26679,26682,26684],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26664,11123],{"class":53},[47,26666,58],{"class":57},[47,26668,9890],{"class":83},[47,26670,253],{"class":61},[47,26672,229],{"class":65},[47,26674,253],{"class":61},[47,26676,1032],{"class":83},[47,26678,62],{"class":61},[47,26680,26681],{"class":65},"Sara",[47,26683,253],{"class":61},[47,26685,8707],{"class":83},[47,26687,26688],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,26689,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,26691,26692,26694,26696,26698,26700,26702,26704,26706,26708,26710,26712,26714],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,26693,1836],{"class":53},[47,26695,58],{"class":57},[47,26697,11165],{"class":53},[47,26699,84],{"class":83},[47,26701,25645],{"class":87},[47,26703,101],{"class":83},[47,26705,253],{"class":61},[47,26707,8697],{"class":65},[47,26709,253],{"class":61},[47,26711,590],{"class":83},[47,26713,3248],{"class":1271},[47,26715,107],{"class":83},[47,26717,26718],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,26719,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,26721,26722,26724,26726,26728,26730],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,26723,98],{"class":97},[47,26725,101],{"class":83},[47,26727,1863],{"class":87},[47,26729,3057],{"class":83},[47,26731,19963],{"class":113},[47,26733,26734,26736,26738,26740,26742],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,26735,98],{"class":97},[47,26737,101],{"class":83},[47,26739,10850],{"class":87},[47,26741,3057],{"class":83},[47,26743,26744],{"class":113}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,26746,26747],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[724,26749,26751],{"id":26750},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[38,26753,26755],{"className":40,"code":26754,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,26756,26757,26781,26785,26801,26824,26834,26841],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26758,26759,26761,26763,26765,26767,26769,26771,26773,26775,26777,26779],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26760,11123],{"class":53},[47,26762,58],{"class":57},[47,26764,9890],{"class":83},[47,26766,253],{"class":61},[47,26768,229],{"class":65},[47,26770,253],{"class":61},[47,26772,1032],{"class":83},[47,26774,62],{"class":61},[47,26776,26681],{"class":65},[47,26778,253],{"class":61},[47,26780,8707],{"class":83},[47,26782,26783],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,26784,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,26786,26787,26789,26791,26793,26795,26797,26799],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,26788,656],{"class":655},[47,26790,62],{"class":61},[47,26792,8697],{"class":65},[47,26794,253],{"class":61},[47,26796,20575],{"class":57},[47,26798,11165],{"class":53},[47,26800,679],{"class":83},[47,26802,26803,26806,26808,26810,26812,26814,26816,26818,26820,26822],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,26804,26805],{"class":53},"    value ",[47,26807,58],{"class":57},[47,26809,11165],{"class":53},[47,26811,84],{"class":83},[47,26813,25645],{"class":87},[47,26815,101],{"class":83},[47,26817,253],{"class":61},[47,26819,8697],{"class":65},[47,26821,253],{"class":61},[47,26823,107],{"class":83},[47,26825,26826,26828,26830,26832],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,26827,684],{"class":97},[47,26829,101],{"class":83},[47,26831,1863],{"class":87},[47,26833,107],{"class":83},[47,26835,26836,26839],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,26837,26838],{"class":655},"else",[47,26840,679],{"class":83},[47,26842,26843,26845,26847,26849,26852,26854],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,26844,684],{"class":97},[47,26846,101],{"class":83},[47,26848,253],{"class":61},[47,26850,26851],{"class":65},"Key not found",[47,26853,253],{"class":61},[47,26855,107],{"class":83},[724,26857,26859,26860,26862],{"id":26858},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,26861,10140],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[38,26864,26866],{"className":40,"code":26865,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,26867,26868,26892,26896,26922,26926,26938],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26869,26870,26872,26874,26876,26878,26880,26882,26884,26886,26888,26890],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26871,11123],{"class":53},[47,26873,58],{"class":57},[47,26875,9890],{"class":83},[47,26877,253],{"class":61},[47,26879,229],{"class":65},[47,26881,253],{"class":61},[47,26883,1032],{"class":83},[47,26885,62],{"class":61},[47,26887,26681],{"class":65},[47,26889,253],{"class":61},[47,26891,8707],{"class":83},[47,26893,26894],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,26895,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,26897,26898,26900,26902,26904,26906,26908,26910,26912,26914,26916,26918,26920],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,26899,1836],{"class":53},[47,26901,58],{"class":57},[47,26903,11165],{"class":53},[47,26905,84],{"class":83},[47,26907,19152],{"class":87},[47,26909,101],{"class":83},[47,26911,253],{"class":61},[47,26913,8697],{"class":65},[47,26915,253],{"class":61},[47,26917,590],{"class":83},[47,26919,3248],{"class":1271},[47,26921,107],{"class":83},[47,26923,26924],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,26925,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,26927,26928,26930,26932,26934,26936],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,26929,98],{"class":97},[47,26931,101],{"class":83},[47,26933,1863],{"class":87},[47,26935,3057],{"class":83},[47,26937,19963],{"class":113},[47,26939,26940,26942,26944,26946,26948],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,26941,98],{"class":97},[47,26943,101],{"class":83},[47,26945,10850],{"class":87},[47,26947,3057],{"class":83},[47,26949,26744],{"class":113},[20,26951,1486,26952,26956,26957,84],{},[154,26953,26954],{"href":10136},[15,26955,26234],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[154,26958,10663],{"href":10474},[33,26960,3915],{"id":3914},[20,26962,26963,26964,84],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,26965,11969],{},[724,26967,25178,26969,26971],{"id":26968},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,26970,12162],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,26973,26974],{},"Lists use indexes:",[38,26976,26978],{"className":40,"code":26977,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,26979,26980,27000],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26981,26982,26984,26986,26988,26990,26992,26994,26996,26998],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26983,3012],{"class":53},[47,26985,58],{"class":57},[47,26987,3017],{"class":83},[47,26989,1719],{"class":586},[47,26991,590],{"class":83},[47,26993,7189],{"class":586},[47,26995,590],{"class":83},[47,26997,7194],{"class":586},[47,26999,3030],{"class":83},[47,27001,27002,27004,27006,27008,27010,27012,27014,27016,27018],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,27003,98],{"class":97},[47,27005,101],{"class":83},[47,27007,3044],{"class":87},[47,27009,84],{"class":83},[47,27011,25645],{"class":87},[47,27013,101],{"class":83},[47,27015,2377],{"class":586},[47,27017,4761],{"class":83},[47,27019,27020],{"class":113},"  # 20\n",[20,27022,27023],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[38,27025,27027],{"className":40,"code":27026,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27028,27029,27065],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27030,27031,27033,27035,27037,27039,27041,27043,27045,27047,27049,27051,27053,27055,27057,27059,27061,27063],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27032,12605],{"class":53},[47,27034,58],{"class":57},[47,27036,9890],{"class":83},[47,27038,253],{"class":61},[47,27040,229],{"class":65},[47,27042,253],{"class":61},[47,27044,1032],{"class":83},[47,27046,62],{"class":61},[47,27048,12280],{"class":65},[47,27050,253],{"class":61},[47,27052,590],{"class":83},[47,27054,62],{"class":61},[47,27056,8697],{"class":65},[47,27058,253],{"class":61},[47,27060,1032],{"class":83},[47,27062,8704],{"class":586},[47,27064,8707],{"class":83},[47,27066,27067,27069,27071,27073,27075,27077,27079,27081,27083,27085,27087],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,27068,98],{"class":97},[47,27070,101],{"class":83},[47,27072,16709],{"class":87},[47,27074,84],{"class":83},[47,27076,25645],{"class":87},[47,27078,101],{"class":83},[47,27080,253],{"class":61},[47,27082,8697],{"class":65},[47,27084,253],{"class":61},[47,27086,4761],{"class":83},[47,27088,27089],{"class":113},"  # 25\n",[20,27091,27092,27093,27095,27096,27098],{},"A dictionary does ",[121,27094,123],{}," use positions with ",[15,27097,12162],{},". It uses keys.",[724,27100,4101,27102,27104],{"id":27101},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27103,12162],{}," changes the original dictionary",[38,27106,27108],{"className":40,"code":27107,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27109,27110,27142,27146,27168,27172,27185],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27111,27112,27114,27116,27118,27120,27122,27124,27126,27128,27130,27132,27134,27136,27138,27140],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27113,8563],{"class":53},[47,27115,58],{"class":57},[47,27117,9890],{"class":83},[47,27119,253],{"class":61},[47,27121,1567],{"class":65},[47,27123,253],{"class":61},[47,27125,1032],{"class":83},[47,27127,4898],{"class":586},[47,27129,590],{"class":83},[47,27131,62],{"class":61},[47,27133,11144],{"class":65},[47,27135,253],{"class":61},[47,27137,1032],{"class":83},[47,27139,2382],{"class":586},[47,27141,8707],{"class":83},[47,27143,27144],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,27145,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,27147,27148,27150,27152,27154,27156,27158,27160,27162,27164,27166],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,27149,1836],{"class":53},[47,27151,58],{"class":57},[47,27153,13968],{"class":53},[47,27155,84],{"class":83},[47,27157,25645],{"class":87},[47,27159,101],{"class":83},[47,27161,253],{"class":61},[47,27163,1567],{"class":65},[47,27165,253],{"class":61},[47,27167,107],{"class":83},[47,27169,27170],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,27171,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,27173,27174,27176,27178,27180,27182],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,27175,98],{"class":97},[47,27177,101],{"class":83},[47,27179,1863],{"class":87},[47,27181,3057],{"class":83},[47,27183,27184],{"class":113},"  # 1\n",[47,27186,27187,27189,27191,27193,27195],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,27188,98],{"class":97},[47,27190,101],{"class":83},[47,27192,8602],{"class":87},[47,27194,3057],{"class":83},[47,27196,27197],{"class":113},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27199,27200,27201,27203],{},"After ",[15,27202,12162],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[724,27205,7816,27207,27209],{"id":27206},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27208,12162],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[38,27211,27213],{"className":40,"code":27212,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27214,27215,27239,27243,27248],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27216,27217,27219,27221,27223,27225,27227,27229,27231,27233,27235,27237],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27218,8563],{"class":53},[47,27220,58],{"class":57},[47,27222,9890],{"class":83},[47,27224,253],{"class":61},[47,27226,229],{"class":65},[47,27228,253],{"class":61},[47,27230,1032],{"class":83},[47,27232,62],{"class":61},[47,27234,7320],{"class":65},[47,27236,253],{"class":61},[47,27238,8707],{"class":83},[47,27240,27241],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,27242,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,27244,27245],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,27246,27247],{"class":113},"# This causes an error\n",[47,27249,27250],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,27251,27252],{"class":113},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27254,27255],{},"Safer version:",[38,27257,27259],{"className":40,"code":27258,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27260,27261,27285,27289],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27262,27263,27265,27267,27269,27271,27273,27275,27277,27279,27281,27283],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27264,8563],{"class":53},[47,27266,58],{"class":57},[47,27268,9890],{"class":83},[47,27270,253],{"class":61},[47,27272,229],{"class":65},[47,27274,253],{"class":61},[47,27276,1032],{"class":83},[47,27278,62],{"class":61},[47,27280,7320],{"class":65},[47,27282,253],{"class":61},[47,27284,8707],{"class":83},[47,27286,27287],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,27288,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,27290,27291,27293,27295,27297,27299,27301,27303,27305,27307,27309,27311,27313,27315,27317,27319],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,27292,98],{"class":97},[47,27294,101],{"class":83},[47,27296,8602],{"class":87},[47,27298,84],{"class":83},[47,27300,25645],{"class":87},[47,27302,101],{"class":83},[47,27304,253],{"class":61},[47,27306,8697],{"class":65},[47,27308,253],{"class":61},[47,27310,590],{"class":83},[47,27312,62],{"class":61},[47,27314,26177],{"class":65},[47,27316,253],{"class":61},[47,27318,4761],{"class":83},[47,27320,26213],{"class":113},[724,27322,7852,27324,27326],{"id":27323},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,27325,12162],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[38,27328,27330],{"className":40,"code":27329,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,27331,27332,27364,27368,27390,27394,27406],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27333,27334,27336,27338,27340,27342,27344,27346,27348,27350,27352,27354,27356,27358,27360,27362],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27335,8563],{"class":53},[47,27337,58],{"class":57},[47,27339,9890],{"class":83},[47,27341,253],{"class":61},[47,27343,154],{"class":65},[47,27345,253],{"class":61},[47,27347,1032],{"class":83},[47,27349,4898],{"class":586},[47,27351,590],{"class":83},[47,27353,62],{"class":61},[47,27355,4158],{"class":65},[47,27357,253],{"class":61},[47,27359,1032],{"class":83},[47,27361,2382],{"class":586},[47,27363,8707],{"class":83},[47,27365,27366],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,27367,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,27369,27370,27372,27374,27376,27378,27380,27382,27384,27386,27388],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,27371,75],{"class":53},[47,27373,58],{"class":57},[47,27375,13968],{"class":53},[47,27377,84],{"class":83},[47,27379,25645],{"class":87},[47,27381,101],{"class":83},[47,27383,253],{"class":61},[47,27385,154],{"class":65},[47,27387,253],{"class":61},[47,27389,107],{"class":83},[47,27391,27392],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,27393,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,27395,27396,27398,27400,27402,27404],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,27397,98],{"class":97},[47,27399,101],{"class":83},[47,27401,104],{"class":87},[47,27403,3057],{"class":83},[47,27405,27184],{"class":113},[47,27407,27408,27410,27412,27414,27416],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,27409,98],{"class":97},[47,27411,101],{"class":83},[47,27413,8602],{"class":87},[47,27415,3057],{"class":83},[47,27417,27418],{"class":113},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,27420,27421],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[33,27423,27425],{"id":27424},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,27427,27428,27429,27431],{},"Problems with ",[15,27430,11969],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[133,27433,27434,27437,27446,27449],{},[136,27435,27436],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[136,27438,27439,27440,27443,27444],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,27441,27442],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,27445,25741],{},[136,27447,27448],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[136,27450,27451,27452,10492,27454],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,27453,2377],{},[15,27455,27456],{},"\"1\"",[20,27458,27459],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[38,27461,27463],{"className":40,"code":27462,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,27464,27465,27489,27493,27523],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27466,27467,27469,27471,27473,27475,27477,27479,27481,27483,27485,27487],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27468,8563],{"class":53},[47,27470,58],{"class":57},[47,27472,9890],{"class":83},[47,27474,253],{"class":61},[47,27476,2377],{"class":65},[47,27478,253],{"class":61},[47,27480,1032],{"class":83},[47,27482,62],{"class":61},[47,27484,5985],{"class":65},[47,27486,253],{"class":61},[47,27488,8707],{"class":83},[47,27490,27491],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,27492,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,27494,27495,27497,27499,27501,27503,27505,27507,27509,27511,27513,27516,27518,27520],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,27496,98],{"class":97},[47,27498,101],{"class":83},[47,27500,8602],{"class":87},[47,27502,84],{"class":83},[47,27504,25645],{"class":87},[47,27506,101],{"class":83},[47,27508,2377],{"class":586},[47,27510,590],{"class":83},[47,27512,62],{"class":61},[47,27514,27515],{"class":65},"not found",[47,27517,253],{"class":61},[47,27519,4761],{"class":83},[47,27521,27522],{"class":113},"    # not found\n",[47,27524,27525,27527,27529,27531,27533,27535,27537,27539,27541,27543,27545,27547,27549,27551,27553],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,27526,98],{"class":97},[47,27528,101],{"class":83},[47,27530,8602],{"class":87},[47,27532,84],{"class":83},[47,27534,25645],{"class":87},[47,27536,101],{"class":83},[47,27538,253],{"class":61},[47,27540,2377],{"class":65},[47,27542,253],{"class":61},[47,27544,590],{"class":83},[47,27546,62],{"class":61},[47,27548,27515],{"class":65},[47,27550,253],{"class":61},[47,27552,4761],{"class":83},[47,27554,27555],{"class":113},"  # one\n",[20,27557,27558,1063,27560,27562],{},[15,27559,2377],{},[15,27561,27456],{}," are different keys.",[33,27564,8269],{"id":8268},[20,27566,8272,27567,27569],{},[15,27568,12162],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[38,27571,27573],{"className":40,"code":27572,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,27574,27575,27585,27599,27617,27647],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27576,27577,27579,27581,27583],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27578,98],{"class":97},[47,27580,101],{"class":83},[47,27582,10850],{"class":87},[47,27584,107],{"class":83},[47,27586,27587,27589,27591,27593,27595,27597],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,27588,98],{"class":97},[47,27590,101],{"class":83},[47,27592,10850],{"class":87},[47,27594,84],{"class":83},[47,27596,16325],{"class":87},[47,27598,236],{"class":83},[47,27600,27601,27603,27605,27607,27609,27611,27613,27615],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,27602,98],{"class":97},[47,27604,101],{"class":83},[47,27606,2693],{"class":61},[47,27608,229],{"class":65},[47,27610,2693],{"class":61},[47,27612,20575],{"class":655},[47,27614,11165],{"class":87},[47,27616,107],{"class":83},[47,27618,27619,27621,27623,27625,27627,27629,27631,27633,27635,27637,27639,27641,27643,27645],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,27620,98],{"class":97},[47,27622,101],{"class":83},[47,27624,10850],{"class":87},[47,27626,84],{"class":83},[47,27628,25645],{"class":87},[47,27630,101],{"class":83},[47,27632,2693],{"class":61},[47,27634,229],{"class":65},[47,27636,2693],{"class":61},[47,27638,590],{"class":83},[47,27640,2688],{"class":61},[47,27642,26177],{"class":65},[47,27644,2693],{"class":61},[47,27646,1419],{"class":83},[47,27648,27649,27651,27653,27655,27657,27659],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,27650,98],{"class":97},[47,27652,101],{"class":83},[47,27654,2613],{"class":919},[47,27656,101],{"class":83},[47,27658,10850],{"class":87},[47,27660,1419],{"class":83},[20,27662,20738],{},[133,27664,27665,27670,27675,27680,27686],{},[136,27666,27667,27669],{},[15,27668,12079],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[136,27671,27672,27674],{},[15,27673,20750],{}," shows all available keys",[136,27676,27677,27679],{},[15,27678,20756],{}," checks whether a key exists",[136,27681,27682,27685],{},[15,27683,27684],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[136,27687,27688,27690],{},[15,27689,12085],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,27692,27693,27694,84],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[154,27695,8790],{"href":8789},[33,27697,1155],{"id":1154},[724,27699,27701,27702,27704],{"id":27700},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,27703,12162],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,27706,27707],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[724,27709,27711],{"id":27710},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,27713,27714,25942,27716,27718,27719,27721],{},[15,27715,25741],{},[15,27717,19089],{},". ",[15,27720,25745],{}," returns the default value instead.",[724,27723,1159,27725,14298],{"id":27724},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,27726,12162],{},[20,27728,27729],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[724,27731,1190,27733,27735],{"id":27732},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary",[15,27734,12162],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,27737,27738,27739,27741,27742,84],{},"Not with ",[15,27740,11969],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[154,27743,27744],{"href":11980},[15,27745,12169],{},[724,27747,4578,27749,1063,27751,1883],{"id":27748},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,27750,10140],{},[15,27752,12162],{},[20,27754,27755,27757,27758,27760],{},[15,27756,10140],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,27759,12162],{}," reads and removes it.",[33,27762,1275],{"id":1274},[133,27764,27765,27771,27778,27782,27786,27790],{},[136,27766,27767],{},[154,27768,27769],{"href":10136},[15,27770,19070],{},[136,27772,27773],{},[154,27774,27775],{"href":11980},[15,27776,27777],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[136,27779,27780],{},[154,27781,12186],{"href":11973},[136,27783,27784],{},[154,27785,20859],{"href":16000},[136,27787,27788],{},[154,27789,10663],{"href":10474},[136,27791,27792],{},[154,27793,27795],{"href":27794},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1320,27797,27798],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":27800},[27801,27802,27804,27805,27806,27808,27815,27822,27832,27833,27834,27845],{"id":3001,"depth":72,"text":3002},{"id":25752,"depth":72,"text":27803},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":16820,"depth":72,"text":16821},{"id":26237,"depth":72,"text":27807},"When to use pop()",{"id":26424,"depth":72,"text":27809,"children":27810},"pop() vs del",[27811,27813],{"id":26439,"depth":94,"text":27812},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":26542,"depth":94,"text":27814},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":26645,"depth":72,"text":27816,"children":27817},"How to avoid KeyError",[27818,27819,27820],{"id":26654,"depth":94,"text":26655},{"id":26750,"depth":94,"text":26751},{"id":26858,"depth":94,"text":27821},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":3914,"depth":72,"text":3915,"children":27823},[27824,27826,27828,27830],{"id":26968,"depth":94,"text":27825},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27101,"depth":94,"text":27827},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27206,"depth":94,"text":27829},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27323,"depth":94,"text":27831},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27424,"depth":72,"text":27425},{"id":8268,"depth":72,"text":8269},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":27835},[27836,27838,27839,27841,27843],{"id":27700,"depth":94,"text":27837},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":27710,"depth":94,"text":27711},{"id":27724,"depth":94,"text":27840},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":27732,"depth":94,"text":27842},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":27748,"depth":94,"text":27844},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":25573,"description":27846},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":27853,"title":27777,"body":27854,"description":29794,"extension":1354,"meta":29795,"navigation":311,"path":29796,"seo":29797,"stem":29798,"__hash__":29799},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":27855,"toc":29758},[27856,27861,27866,27869,27877,27887,27889,27978,27982,28031,28036,28041,28045,28061,28064,28066,28081,28083,28099,28106,28110,28116,28125,28127,28196,28200,28221,28224,28243,28246,28269,28271,28274,28389,28393,28452,28459,28463,28469,28594,28598,28648,28651,28655,28662,28664,28727,28731,28752,28755,28764,28779,28787,28794,28798,28810,28814,28825,28827,28973,28977,29036,29043,29048,29052,29058,29081,29086,29105,29109,29180,29187,29260,29269,29274,29279,29290,29293,29430,29435,29467,29472,29474,29478,29538,29541,29598,29601,29644,29646,29651,29657,29663,29666,29673,29681,29686,29689,29696,29704,29706,29755],[10,27857,10719,27859,18],{"id":27858},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,27860,12169],{},[20,27862,1371,27863,27865],{},[15,27864,12169],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,27867,27868],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[133,27870,27871,27874],{},[136,27872,27873],{},"remove an item",[136,27875,27876],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,27878,27879,27880,27882,27883,27886],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,27881,12169],{}," removes the ",[121,27884,27885],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[33,27888,36],{"id":35},[38,27890,27892],{"className":40,"code":27891,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,27893,27894,27938,27954,27958,27968],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27895,27896,27898,27900,27902,27904,27906,27908,27910,27912,27914,27916,27918,27920,27922,27924,27926,27928,27930,27932,27934,27936],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27897,8563],{"class":53},[47,27899,58],{"class":57},[47,27901,9890],{"class":83},[47,27903,253],{"class":61},[47,27905,154],{"class":65},[47,27907,253],{"class":61},[47,27909,1032],{"class":83},[47,27911,4898],{"class":586},[47,27913,590],{"class":83},[47,27915,62],{"class":61},[47,27917,4158],{"class":65},[47,27919,253],{"class":61},[47,27921,1032],{"class":83},[47,27923,2382],{"class":586},[47,27925,590],{"class":83},[47,27927,62],{"class":61},[47,27929,9138],{"class":65},[47,27931,253],{"class":61},[47,27933,1032],{"class":83},[47,27935,1841],{"class":586},[47,27937,8707],{"class":83},[47,27939,27940,27943,27945,27947,27949,27952],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,27941,27942],{"class":53},"item ",[47,27944,58],{"class":57},[47,27946,13968],{"class":53},[47,27948,84],{"class":83},[47,27950,27951],{"class":87},"popitem",[47,27953,91],{"class":83},[47,27955,27956],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,27957,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,27959,27960,27962,27964,27966],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,27961,98],{"class":97},[47,27963,101],{"class":83},[47,27965,22713],{"class":87},[47,27967,107],{"class":83},[47,27969,27970,27972,27974,27976],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,27971,98],{"class":97},[47,27973,101],{"class":83},[47,27975,8602],{"class":87},[47,27977,107],{"class":83},[20,27979,27980],{},[121,27981,338],{},[38,27983,27985],{"className":40,"code":27984,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,27986,27987,28003],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27988,27989,27991,27993,27995,27997,27999,28001],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27990,101],{"class":83},[47,27992,2693],{"class":61},[47,27994,9138],{"class":65},[47,27996,2693],{"class":61},[47,27998,590],{"class":83},[47,28000,1841],{"class":586},[47,28002,107],{"class":83},[47,28004,28005,28007,28009,28011,28013,28015,28017,28019,28021,28023,28025,28027,28029],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,28006,8676],{"class":83},[47,28008,2693],{"class":61},[47,28010,154],{"class":65},[47,28012,2693],{"class":61},[47,28014,1032],{"class":83},[47,28016,4898],{"class":586},[47,28018,590],{"class":83},[47,28020,2688],{"class":61},[47,28022,4158],{"class":65},[47,28024,2693],{"class":61},[47,28026,1032],{"class":83},[47,28028,2382],{"class":586},[47,28030,8707],{"class":83},[20,28032,28033,28035],{},[15,28034,12169],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[33,28037,128,28039,131],{"id":28038},"what-popitem-does",[15,28040,12169],{},[20,28042,28043,1032],{},[15,28044,12169],{},[133,28046,28047,28050,28055,28058],{},[136,28048,28049],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[136,28051,28052,28053],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28054,21057],{},[136,28056,28057],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[136,28059,28060],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28062,28063],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[33,28065,166],{"id":165},[38,28067,28069],{"className":40,"code":28068,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28070,28071],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28072,28073,28075,28077,28079],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28074,15007],{"class":53},[47,28076,84],{"class":83},[47,28078,27951],{"class":87},[47,28080,91],{"class":83},[20,28082,188],{},[133,28084,28085,28093,28096],{},[136,28086,28087,28089,28090],{},[15,28088,12169],{}," takes ",[121,28091,28092],{},"no arguments",[136,28094,28095],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[136,28097,28098],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28100,28101,28102,6031],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[154,28103,28104],{"href":11966},[15,28105,12162],{},[33,28107,28109],{"id":28108},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28111,28112,28113,28115],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28114,12169],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28117,28118,28119,28122],"ol",{},[136,28120,28121],{},"the key",[136,28123,28124],{},"the value",[20,28126,538],{},[38,28128,28130],{"className":40,"code":28129,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28131,28132,28168,28182,28186],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28133,28134,28136,28138,28140,28142,28144,28146,28148,28150,28152,28154,28156,28158,28160,28162,28164,28166],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28135,12605],{"class":53},[47,28137,58],{"class":57},[47,28139,9890],{"class":83},[47,28141,253],{"class":61},[47,28143,229],{"class":65},[47,28145,253],{"class":61},[47,28147,1032],{"class":83},[47,28149,62],{"class":61},[47,28151,4401],{"class":65},[47,28153,253],{"class":61},[47,28155,590],{"class":83},[47,28157,62],{"class":61},[47,28159,8697],{"class":65},[47,28161,253],{"class":61},[47,28163,1032],{"class":83},[47,28165,8704],{"class":586},[47,28167,8707],{"class":83},[47,28169,28170,28172,28174,28176,28178,28180],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,28171,75],{"class":53},[47,28173,58],{"class":57},[47,28175,12648],{"class":53},[47,28177,84],{"class":83},[47,28179,27951],{"class":87},[47,28181,91],{"class":83},[47,28183,28184],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,28185,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,28187,28188,28190,28192,28194],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,28189,98],{"class":97},[47,28191,101],{"class":83},[47,28193,104],{"class":87},[47,28195,107],{"class":83},[20,28197,28198],{},[121,28199,338],{},[38,28201,28203],{"className":40,"code":28202,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28204,28205],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28206,28207,28209,28211,28213,28215,28217,28219],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28208,101],{"class":83},[47,28210,2693],{"class":61},[47,28212,8697],{"class":65},[47,28214,2693],{"class":61},[47,28216,590],{"class":83},[47,28218,8704],{"class":586},[47,28220,107],{"class":83},[20,28222,28223],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[38,28225,28227],{"className":40,"code":28226,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28228,28229],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28230,28231,28233,28235,28237,28239,28241],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28232,75],{"class":53},[47,28234,58],{"class":57},[47,28236,12648],{"class":53},[47,28238,84],{"class":83},[47,28240,27951],{"class":87},[47,28242,91],{"class":83},[20,28244,28245],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[38,28247,28249],{"className":40,"code":28248,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28250,28251],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28252,28253,28255,28257,28259,28261,28263,28265,28267],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28254,14243],{"class":53},[47,28256,590],{"class":83},[47,28258,20986],{"class":53},[47,28260,58],{"class":57},[47,28262,12648],{"class":53},[47,28264,84],{"class":83},[47,28266,27951],{"class":87},[47,28268,91],{"class":83},[33,28270,268],{"id":267},[20,28272,28273],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[38,28275,28277],{"className":40,"code":28276,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28278,28279,28327,28331,28346,28350,28370],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28280,28281,28283,28285,28287,28289,28292,28294,28296,28298,28300,28302,28304,28306,28308,28311,28313,28315,28318,28320,28322,28325],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28282,4461],{"class":53},[47,28284,58],{"class":57},[47,28286,9890],{"class":83},[47,28288,253],{"class":61},[47,28290,28291],{"class":65},"Tom",[47,28293,253],{"class":61},[47,28295,1032],{"class":83},[47,28297,4473],{"class":586},[47,28299,590],{"class":83},[47,28301,62],{"class":61},[47,28303,12280],{"class":65},[47,28305,253],{"class":61},[47,28307,1032],{"class":83},[47,28309,28310],{"class":586}," 95",[47,28312,590],{"class":83},[47,28314,62],{"class":61},[47,28316,28317],{"class":65},"Leo",[47,28319,253],{"class":61},[47,28321,1032],{"class":83},[47,28323,28324],{"class":586}," 88",[47,28326,8707],{"class":83},[47,28328,28329],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,28330,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,28332,28333,28336,28338,28340,28342,28344],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,28334,28335],{"class":53},"removed_pair ",[47,28337,58],{"class":57},[47,28339,4508],{"class":53},[47,28341,84],{"class":83},[47,28343,27951],{"class":87},[47,28345,91],{"class":83},[47,28347,28348],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,28349,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,28351,28352,28354,28356,28358,28361,28363,28365,28368],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,28353,98],{"class":97},[47,28355,101],{"class":83},[47,28357,253],{"class":61},[47,28359,28360],{"class":65},"Removed:",[47,28362,253],{"class":61},[47,28364,590],{"class":83},[47,28366,28367],{"class":87}," removed_pair",[47,28369,107],{"class":83},[47,28371,28372,28374,28376,28378,28381,28383,28385,28387],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,28373,98],{"class":97},[47,28375,101],{"class":83},[47,28377,253],{"class":61},[47,28379,28380],{"class":65},"After removal:",[47,28382,253],{"class":61},[47,28384,590],{"class":83},[47,28386,4508],{"class":87},[47,28388,107],{"class":83},[20,28390,28391],{},[121,28392,338],{},[38,28394,28396],{"className":40,"code":28395,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,28397,28398,28419],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28399,28400,28403,28405,28407,28409,28411,28413,28415,28417],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28401,28402],{"class":53},"Removed",[47,28404,1032],{"class":83},[47,28406,8634],{"class":83},[47,28408,2693],{"class":61},[47,28410,28317],{"class":65},[47,28412,2693],{"class":61},[47,28414,590],{"class":83},[47,28416,28324],{"class":586},[47,28418,107],{"class":83},[47,28420,28421,28424,28426,28428,28430,28432,28434,28436,28438,28440,28442,28444,28446,28448,28450],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,28422,28423],{"class":53},"After removal",[47,28425,1032],{"class":83},[47,28427,9890],{"class":83},[47,28429,2693],{"class":61},[47,28431,28291],{"class":65},[47,28433,2693],{"class":61},[47,28435,1032],{"class":83},[47,28437,4473],{"class":586},[47,28439,590],{"class":83},[47,28441,2688],{"class":61},[47,28443,12280],{"class":65},[47,28445,2693],{"class":61},[47,28447,1032],{"class":83},[47,28449,28310],{"class":586},[47,28451,8707],{"class":83},[20,28453,28454,28455,28458],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,28456,28457],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[33,28460,28462],{"id":28461},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,28464,28465,28466,28468],{},"Because ",[15,28467,12169],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[38,28470,28472],{"className":40,"code":28471,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,28473,28474,28510,28514,28533,28537,28556,28575],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28475,28476,28478,28480,28482,28484,28486,28488,28490,28492,28494,28496,28498,28500,28502,28504,28506,28508],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28477,14850],{"class":53},[47,28479,58],{"class":57},[47,28481,9890],{"class":83},[47,28483,253],{"class":61},[47,28485,14861],{"class":65},[47,28487,253],{"class":61},[47,28489,1032],{"class":83},[47,28491,62],{"class":61},[47,28493,14870],{"class":65},[47,28495,253],{"class":61},[47,28497,590],{"class":83},[47,28499,62],{"class":61},[47,28501,14881],{"class":65},[47,28503,253],{"class":61},[47,28505,1032],{"class":83},[47,28507,26311],{"class":586},[47,28509,8707],{"class":83},[47,28511,28512],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,28513,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,28515,28516,28518,28520,28522,28524,28527,28529,28531],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,28517,14243],{"class":53},[47,28519,590],{"class":83},[47,28521,20986],{"class":53},[47,28523,58],{"class":57},[47,28525,28526],{"class":53}," book",[47,28528,84],{"class":83},[47,28530,27951],{"class":87},[47,28532,91],{"class":83},[47,28534,28535],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,28536,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,28538,28539,28541,28543,28545,28548,28550,28552,28554],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,28540,98],{"class":97},[47,28542,101],{"class":83},[47,28544,253],{"class":61},[47,28546,28547],{"class":65},"Key:",[47,28549,253],{"class":61},[47,28551,590],{"class":83},[47,28553,20981],{"class":87},[47,28555,107],{"class":83},[47,28557,28558,28560,28562,28564,28567,28569,28571,28573],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,28559,98],{"class":97},[47,28561,101],{"class":83},[47,28563,253],{"class":61},[47,28565,28566],{"class":65},"Value:",[47,28568,253],{"class":61},[47,28570,590],{"class":83},[47,28572,7832],{"class":87},[47,28574,107],{"class":83},[47,28576,28577,28579,28581,28583,28586,28588,28590,28592],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,28578,98],{"class":97},[47,28580,101],{"class":83},[47,28582,253],{"class":61},[47,28584,28585],{"class":65},"Dictionary:",[47,28587,253],{"class":61},[47,28589,590],{"class":83},[47,28591,28526],{"class":87},[47,28593,107],{"class":83},[20,28595,28596],{},[121,28597,338],{},[38,28599,28601],{"className":40,"code":28600,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,28602,28603,28613,28623],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28604,28605,28608,28610],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28606,28607],{"class":53},"Key",[47,28609,1032],{"class":83},[47,28611,28612],{"class":53}," pages\n",[47,28614,28615,28618,28620],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,28616,28617],{"class":53},"Value",[47,28619,1032],{"class":83},[47,28621,28622],{"class":586}," 200\n",[47,28624,28625,28628,28630,28632,28634,28636,28638,28640,28642,28644,28646],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,28626,28627],{"class":53},"Dictionary",[47,28629,1032],{"class":83},[47,28631,9890],{"class":83},[47,28633,2693],{"class":61},[47,28635,14861],{"class":65},[47,28637,2693],{"class":61},[47,28639,1032],{"class":83},[47,28641,2688],{"class":61},[47,28643,14870],{"class":65},[47,28645,2693],{"class":61},[47,28647,8707],{"class":83},[20,28649,28650],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[33,28652,28654],{"id":28653},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,28656,28657,28658,27882,28660,84],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,28659,12169],{},[121,28661,27885],{},[20,28663,538],{},[38,28665,28667],{"className":40,"code":28666,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,28668,28669,28713],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28670,28671,28673,28675,28677,28679,28681,28683,28685,28687,28689,28691,28693,28695,28697,28699,28701,28703,28705,28707,28709,28711],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28672,8563],{"class":53},[47,28674,58],{"class":57},[47,28676,9890],{"class":83},[47,28678,253],{"class":61},[47,28680,1567],{"class":65},[47,28682,253],{"class":61},[47,28684,1032],{"class":83},[47,28686,4898],{"class":586},[47,28688,590],{"class":83},[47,28690,62],{"class":61},[47,28692,11144],{"class":65},[47,28694,253],{"class":61},[47,28696,1032],{"class":83},[47,28698,2382],{"class":586},[47,28700,590],{"class":83},[47,28702,62],{"class":61},[47,28704,21479],{"class":65},[47,28706,253],{"class":61},[47,28708,1032],{"class":83},[47,28710,1841],{"class":586},[47,28712,8707],{"class":83},[47,28714,28715,28717,28719,28721,28723,28725],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,28716,98],{"class":97},[47,28718,101],{"class":83},[47,28720,8602],{"class":87},[47,28722,84],{"class":83},[47,28724,27951],{"class":87},[47,28726,236],{"class":83},[20,28728,28729],{},[121,28730,338],{},[38,28732,28734],{"className":40,"code":28733,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('z', 3)\n",[15,28735,28736],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28737,28738,28740,28742,28744,28746,28748,28750],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28739,101],{"class":83},[47,28741,2693],{"class":61},[47,28743,21479],{"class":65},[47,28745,2693],{"class":61},[47,28747,590],{"class":83},[47,28749,1841],{"class":586},[47,28751,107],{"class":83},[20,28753,28754],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,28756,28757,28758,28760,28761,28763],{},"As a beginner, do ",[121,28759,123],{}," think of ",[15,28762,12169],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,28765,28766,28767,712,28771,16474,28775,84],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[154,28768,28769],{"href":16477},[15,28770,16480],{},[154,28772,28773],{"href":16464},[15,28774,16467],{},[154,28776,28777],{"href":16470},[15,28778,16473],{},[33,28780,28782,28783,1063,28785],{"id":28781},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,28784,12169],{},[15,28786,12162],{},[20,28788,28789,1063,28791,28793],{},[15,28790,12169],{},[15,28792,12162],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[724,28795,28796],{"id":27951},[15,28797,12169],{},[133,28799,28800,28803,28806],{},[136,28801,28802],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[136,28804,28805],{},"does not need a key argument",[136,28807,3087,28808],{},[15,28809,21057],{},[724,28811,28812],{"id":25645},[15,28813,12162],{},[133,28815,28816,28819,28822],{},[136,28817,28818],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[136,28820,28821],{},"needs the key name",[136,28823,28824],{},"returns only the value",[20,28826,538],{},[38,28828,28830],{"className":40,"code":28829,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,28831,28832,28876,28880,28894,28914,28918,28940,28959,28963],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28833,28834,28836,28838,28840,28842,28844,28846,28848,28850,28852,28854,28856,28858,28860,28862,28864,28866,28868,28870,28872,28874],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28835,8563],{"class":53},[47,28837,58],{"class":57},[47,28839,9890],{"class":83},[47,28841,253],{"class":61},[47,28843,154],{"class":65},[47,28845,253],{"class":61},[47,28847,1032],{"class":83},[47,28849,4898],{"class":586},[47,28851,590],{"class":83},[47,28853,62],{"class":61},[47,28855,4158],{"class":65},[47,28857,253],{"class":61},[47,28859,1032],{"class":83},[47,28861,2382],{"class":586},[47,28863,590],{"class":83},[47,28865,62],{"class":61},[47,28867,9138],{"class":65},[47,28869,253],{"class":61},[47,28871,1032],{"class":83},[47,28873,1841],{"class":586},[47,28875,8707],{"class":83},[47,28877,28878],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,28879,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,28881,28882,28884,28886,28888,28890,28892],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,28883,27942],{"class":53},[47,28885,58],{"class":57},[47,28887,13968],{"class":53},[47,28889,84],{"class":83},[47,28891,27951],{"class":87},[47,28893,91],{"class":83},[47,28895,28896,28898,28900,28902,28905,28907,28909,28912],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,28897,98],{"class":97},[47,28899,101],{"class":83},[47,28901,253],{"class":61},[47,28903,28904],{"class":65},"popitem():",[47,28906,253],{"class":61},[47,28908,590],{"class":83},[47,28910,28911],{"class":87}," item",[47,28913,107],{"class":83},[47,28915,28916],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,28917,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,28919,28920,28922,28924,28926,28928,28930,28932,28934,28936,28938],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,28921,1836],{"class":53},[47,28923,58],{"class":57},[47,28925,13968],{"class":53},[47,28927,84],{"class":83},[47,28929,25645],{"class":87},[47,28931,101],{"class":83},[47,28933,253],{"class":61},[47,28935,154],{"class":65},[47,28937,253],{"class":61},[47,28939,107],{"class":83},[47,28941,28942,28944,28946,28948,28951,28953,28955,28957],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,28943,98],{"class":97},[47,28945,101],{"class":83},[47,28947,253],{"class":61},[47,28949,28950],{"class":65},"pop('a'):",[47,28952,253],{"class":61},[47,28954,590],{"class":83},[47,28956,7832],{"class":87},[47,28958,107],{"class":83},[47,28960,28961],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,28962,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,28964,28965,28967,28969,28971],{"class":49,"line":5831},[47,28966,98],{"class":97},[47,28968,101],{"class":83},[47,28970,8602],{"class":87},[47,28972,107],{"class":83},[20,28974,28975],{},[121,28976,338],{},[38,28978,28980],{"className":40,"code":28979,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,28981,28982,29003,29020],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28983,28984,28986,28989,28991,28993,28995,28997,28999,29001],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28985,27951],{"class":87},[47,28987,28988],{"class":83},"():",[47,28990,8634],{"class":83},[47,28992,2693],{"class":61},[47,28994,9138],{"class":65},[47,28996,2693],{"class":61},[47,28998,590],{"class":83},[47,29000,1841],{"class":586},[47,29002,107],{"class":83},[47,29004,29005,29007,29009,29011,29013,29015,29017],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,29006,25645],{"class":87},[47,29008,101],{"class":83},[47,29010,2693],{"class":61},[47,29012,154],{"class":65},[47,29014,2693],{"class":61},[47,29016,15855],{"class":83},[47,29018,29019],{"class":586}," 1\n",[47,29021,29022,29024,29026,29028,29030,29032,29034],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,29023,8676],{"class":83},[47,29025,2693],{"class":61},[47,29027,4158],{"class":65},[47,29029,2693],{"class":61},[47,29031,1032],{"class":83},[47,29033,2382],{"class":586},[47,29035,8707],{"class":83},[20,29037,1486,29038,29042],{},[154,29039,29040],{"href":11966},[15,29041,12162],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29044,1486,29045,29047],{},[15,29046,12169],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[33,29049,29051],{"id":29050},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29053,29054,29055,29057],{},"Calling ",[15,29056,12169],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[38,29059,29061],{"className":40,"code":29060,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29062,29063,29071],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29064,29065,29067,29069],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29066,8563],{"class":53},[47,29068,58],{"class":57},[47,29070,9237],{"class":83},[47,29072,29073,29075,29077,29079],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,29074,8602],{"class":53},[47,29076,84],{"class":83},[47,29078,27951],{"class":87},[47,29080,91],{"class":83},[20,29082,29083],{},[121,29084,29085],{},"Error:",[38,29087,29089],{"className":40,"code":29088,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29090,29091],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29092,29093,29095,29097,29099,29102],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29094,19089],{"class":919},[47,29096,1032],{"class":83},[47,29098,2688],{"class":61},[47,29100,29101],{"class":65},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[47,29103,29104],{"class":61},"'\n",[724,29106,29108],{"id":29107},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[38,29110,29112],{"className":40,"code":29111,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29113,29114,29122,29126,29134,29149,29159,29165],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29115,29116,29118,29120],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29117,8563],{"class":53},[47,29119,58],{"class":57},[47,29121,9237],{"class":83},[47,29123,29124],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,29125,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,29127,29128,29130,29132],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,29129,656],{"class":655},[47,29131,13968],{"class":53},[47,29133,679],{"class":83},[47,29135,29136,29139,29141,29143,29145,29147],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,29137,29138],{"class":53},"    item ",[47,29140,58],{"class":57},[47,29142,13968],{"class":53},[47,29144,84],{"class":83},[47,29146,27951],{"class":87},[47,29148,91],{"class":83},[47,29150,29151,29153,29155,29157],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,29152,684],{"class":97},[47,29154,101],{"class":83},[47,29156,22713],{"class":87},[47,29158,107],{"class":83},[47,29160,29161,29163],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,29162,26838],{"class":655},[47,29164,679],{"class":83},[47,29166,29167,29169,29171,29173,29176,29178],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,29168,684],{"class":97},[47,29170,101],{"class":83},[47,29172,253],{"class":61},[47,29174,29175],{"class":65},"Dictionary is empty",[47,29177,253],{"class":61},[47,29179,107],{"class":83},[724,29181,29183,29184],{"id":29182},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29185,29186],{},"try-except",[38,29188,29190],{"className":40,"code":29189,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29191,29192,29200,29204,29211,29225,29235,29245],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29193,29194,29196,29198],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29195,8563],{"class":53},[47,29197,58],{"class":57},[47,29199,9237],{"class":83},[47,29201,29202],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,29203,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,29205,29206,29209],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,29207,29208],{"class":655},"try",[47,29210,679],{"class":83},[47,29212,29213,29215,29217,29219,29221,29223],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,29214,29138],{"class":53},[47,29216,58],{"class":57},[47,29218,13968],{"class":53},[47,29220,84],{"class":83},[47,29222,27951],{"class":87},[47,29224,91],{"class":83},[47,29226,29227,29229,29231,29233],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,29228,684],{"class":97},[47,29230,101],{"class":83},[47,29232,22713],{"class":87},[47,29234,107],{"class":83},[47,29236,29237,29240,29243],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,29238,29239],{"class":655},"except",[47,29241,29242],{"class":919}," KeyError",[47,29244,679],{"class":83},[47,29246,29247,29249,29251,29253,29256,29258],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,29248,684],{"class":97},[47,29250,101],{"class":83},[47,29252,253],{"class":61},[47,29254,29255],{"class":65},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[47,29257,253],{"class":61},[47,29259,107],{"class":83},[20,29261,29262,29263,84],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[154,29264,25083,29266],{"href":29265},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29267,29268],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[33,29270,603,29272],{"id":29271},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29273,12169],{},[20,29275,29276,29278],{},[15,29277,12169],{}," is useful when:",[133,29280,29281,29284,29287],{},[136,29282,29283],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[136,29285,29286],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[136,29288,29289],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29291,29292],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[38,29294,29296],{"className":40,"code":29295,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,29297,29298,29307,29327,29347,29365,29369,29373,29383,29402],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29299,29300,29303,29305],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29301,29302],{"class":53},"tasks ",[47,29304,58],{"class":57},[47,29306,10891],{"class":83},[47,29308,29309,29311,29314,29316,29318,29320,29323,29325],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,29310,10896],{"class":61},[47,29312,29313],{"class":65},"first",[47,29315,253],{"class":61},[47,29317,1032],{"class":83},[47,29319,62],{"class":61},[47,29321,29322],{"class":65},"wash dishes",[47,29324,253],{"class":61},[47,29326,10912],{"class":83},[47,29328,29329,29331,29334,29336,29338,29340,29343,29345],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,29330,10896],{"class":61},[47,29332,29333],{"class":65},"second",[47,29335,253],{"class":61},[47,29337,1032],{"class":83},[47,29339,62],{"class":61},[47,29341,29342],{"class":65},"do homework",[47,29344,253],{"class":61},[47,29346,10912],{"class":83},[47,29348,29349,29351,29354,29356,29358,29360,29363],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,29350,10896],{"class":61},[47,29352,29353],{"class":65},"third",[47,29355,253],{"class":61},[47,29357,1032],{"class":83},[47,29359,62],{"class":61},[47,29361,29362],{"class":65},"read book",[47,29364,69],{"class":61},[47,29366,29367],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,29368,8707],{"class":83},[47,29370,29371],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,29372,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,29374,29375,29378,29381],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,29376,29377],{"class":655},"while",[47,29379,29380],{"class":53}," tasks",[47,29382,679],{"class":83},[47,29384,29385,29388,29390,29392,29394,29396,29398,29400],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,29386,29387],{"class":53},"    key",[47,29389,590],{"class":83},[47,29391,20986],{"class":53},[47,29393,58],{"class":57},[47,29395,29380],{"class":53},[47,29397,84],{"class":83},[47,29399,27951],{"class":87},[47,29401,91],{"class":83},[47,29403,29404,29406,29408,29410,29412,29414,29416,29418,29420,29422,29424,29426,29428],{"class":49,"line":5831},[47,29405,684],{"class":97},[47,29407,101],{"class":83},[47,29409,21696],{"class":1458},[47,29411,253],{"class":65},[47,29413,8676],{"class":586},[47,29415,14243],{"class":87},[47,29417,21705],{"class":586},[47,29419,21708],{"class":65},[47,29421,8676],{"class":586},[47,29423,1863],{"class":87},[47,29425,21705],{"class":586},[47,29427,253],{"class":65},[47,29429,107],{"class":83},[20,29431,29432],{},[121,29433,29434],{},"Possible output:",[38,29436,29438],{"className":40,"code":29437,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,29439,29440,29449,29458],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29441,29442,29444,29446],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29443,29353],{"class":53},[47,29445,1032],{"class":83},[47,29447,29448],{"class":53}," read book\n",[47,29450,29451,29453,29455],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,29452,29333],{"class":53},[47,29454,1032],{"class":83},[47,29456,29457],{"class":53}," do homework\n",[47,29459,29460,29462,29464],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,29461,29313],{"class":53},[47,29463,1032],{"class":83},[47,29465,29466],{"class":53}," wash dishes\n",[20,29468,28465,29469,29471],{},[15,29470,12169],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[33,29473,722],{"id":721},[20,29475,14135,29476,1032],{},[15,29477,12169],{},[133,29479,29480,29494,29513,29524],{},[136,29481,29482,29487],{},[121,29483,29054,29484,29486],{},[15,29485,12169],{}," on an empty dictionary",[133,29488,29489],{},[136,29490,29491,29492,84],{},"This raises ",[15,29493,19089],{},[136,29495,29496,29501],{},[121,29497,7852,29498,29500],{},[15,29499,12169],{}," to remove a specific key",[133,29502,29503,29506],{},[136,29504,29505],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[136,29507,1486,29508,29512],{},[154,29509,29510],{"href":11966},[15,29511,12162],{}," if you need that.",[136,29514,29515,29519],{},[121,29516,4101,29517,27104],{},[15,29518,12169],{},[133,29520,29521],{},[136,29522,29523],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[136,29525,29526,29529],{},[121,29527,29528],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[133,29530,29531],{},[136,29532,29533,21377,29535,29537],{},[15,29534,12169],{},[15,29536,21057],{}," tuple.",[20,29539,29540],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[38,29542,29544],{"className":40,"code":29543,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,29545,29546,29556,29570,29574,29588],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29547,29548,29550,29552,29554],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29549,98],{"class":97},[47,29551,101],{"class":83},[47,29553,10850],{"class":87},[47,29555,107],{"class":83},[47,29557,29558,29560,29562,29564,29566,29568],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,29559,98],{"class":97},[47,29561,101],{"class":83},[47,29563,10562],{"class":97},[47,29565,101],{"class":83},[47,29567,10850],{"class":87},[47,29569,1419],{"class":83},[47,29571,29572],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,29573,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,29575,29576,29578,29580,29582,29584,29586],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,29577,27942],{"class":53},[47,29579,58],{"class":57},[47,29581,11165],{"class":53},[47,29583,84],{"class":83},[47,29585,27951],{"class":87},[47,29587,91],{"class":83},[47,29589,29590,29592,29594,29596],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,29591,98],{"class":97},[47,29593,101],{"class":83},[47,29595,22713],{"class":87},[47,29597,107],{"class":83},[20,29599,29600],{},"Or with unpacking:",[38,29602,29604],{"className":40,"code":29603,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,29605,29606,29624,29634],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29607,29608,29610,29612,29614,29616,29618,29620,29622],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29609,14243],{"class":53},[47,29611,590],{"class":83},[47,29613,20986],{"class":53},[47,29615,58],{"class":57},[47,29617,11165],{"class":53},[47,29619,84],{"class":83},[47,29621,27951],{"class":87},[47,29623,91],{"class":83},[47,29625,29626,29628,29630,29632],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,29627,98],{"class":97},[47,29629,101],{"class":83},[47,29631,14243],{"class":87},[47,29633,107],{"class":83},[47,29635,29636,29638,29640,29642],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,29637,98],{"class":97},[47,29639,101],{"class":83},[47,29641,1863],{"class":87},[47,29643,107],{"class":83},[33,29645,1155],{"id":1154},[724,29647,4540,29649,4543],{"id":29648},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,29650,12169],{},[20,29652,29653,29654,84],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,29655,29656],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[724,29658,1159,29660,29662],{"id":29659},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,29661,12169],{}," remove the last item?",[20,29664,29665],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[724,29667,29669,29670,29672],{"id":29668},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,29671,12169],{}," removes?",[20,29674,29675,29676,29680],{},"No. Use ",[154,29677,29678],{"href":11966},[15,29679,12162],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[724,29682,1159,29684,14298],{"id":29683},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,29685,12169],{},[20,29687,29688],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[724,29690,29692,29693,29695],{"id":29691},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,29694,12169],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,29697,29698,29699,29701,29702,84],{},"It raises ",[15,29700,19089],{}," with the message ",[15,29703,29101],{},[33,29705,1275],{"id":1274},[133,29707,29708,29715,29721,29727,29733,29740,29744,29748],{},[136,29709,29710],{},[154,29711,29712,29714],{"href":11966},[15,29713,12162],{}," method for dictionaries",[136,29716,29717],{},[154,29718,29719,29714],{"href":16477},[15,29720,16480],{},[136,29722,29723],{},[154,29724,29725,29714],{"href":16464},[15,29726,16467],{},[136,29728,29729],{},[154,29730,29731,29714],{"href":16470},[15,29732,16473],{},[136,29734,29735],{},[154,29736,29738,29714],{"href":29737},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,29739,10722],{},[136,29741,29742],{},[154,29743,12186],{"href":11973},[136,29745,29746],{},[154,29747,20859],{"href":16000},[136,29749,29750],{},[154,29751,29752,29753],{"href":29265},"Fix ",[15,29754,29268],{},[1320,29756,29757],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":29759},[29760,29761,29763,29764,29765,29766,29767,29768,29773,29778,29780,29781,29793],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":28038,"depth":72,"text":29762},"What popitem() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":28108,"depth":72,"text":28109},{"id":267,"depth":72,"text":268},{"id":28461,"depth":72,"text":28462},{"id":28653,"depth":72,"text":28654},{"id":28781,"depth":72,"text":29769,"children":29770},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[29771,29772],{"id":27951,"depth":94,"text":12169},{"id":25645,"depth":94,"text":12162},{"id":29050,"depth":72,"text":29051,"children":29774},[29775,29776],{"id":29107,"depth":94,"text":29108},{"id":29182,"depth":94,"text":29777},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29271,"depth":72,"text":29779},"When to use popitem()",{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":29782},[29783,29785,29787,29789,29791],{"id":29648,"depth":94,"text":29784},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":29659,"depth":94,"text":29786},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":29668,"depth":94,"text":29788},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":29683,"depth":94,"text":29790},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":29691,"depth":94,"text":29792},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":27777,"description":29794},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":29801,"title":29802,"body":29803,"description":31706,"extension":1354,"meta":31707,"navigation":311,"path":13434,"seo":31708,"stem":31709,"__hash__":31710},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":29804,"toc":31678},[29805,29810,29815,29818,29820,29917,29922,29927,29932,29935,29943,29946,29961,29963,30063,30065,30122,30126,30128,30131,30151,30156,30167,30170,30197,30200,30202,30259,30261,30282,30288,30293,30296,30307,30309,30417,30419,30472,30474,30486,30493,30499,30504,30507,30595,30597,30642,30645,30653,30656,30659,30728,30731,30734,30738,30741,30812,30814,30867,30870,30873,30876,30891,30894,30906,30909,30972,30974,30980,30982,30984,31063,31065,31106,31108,31173,31175,31212,31217,31222,31226,31240,31243,31366,31368,31453,31458,31460,31464,31486,31489,31569,31572,31591,31596,31598,31604,31609,31615,31618,31624,31627,31633,31638,31644,31650,31652,31675],[10,29806,10719,29808,18],{"id":29807},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,29809,14356],{},[20,29811,1371,29812,29814],{},[15,29813,14356],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,29816,29817],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[33,29819,36],{"id":35},[38,29821,29823],{"className":40,"code":29822,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,29824,29825,29861,29902,29912],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29826,29827,29829,29831,29833,29835,29837,29839,29841,29843,29845,29847,29849,29851,29853,29855,29857,29859],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29828,12605],{"class":53},[47,29830,58],{"class":57},[47,29832,9890],{"class":83},[47,29834,253],{"class":61},[47,29836,229],{"class":65},[47,29838,253],{"class":61},[47,29840,1032],{"class":83},[47,29842,62],{"class":61},[47,29844,12280],{"class":65},[47,29846,253],{"class":61},[47,29848,590],{"class":83},[47,29850,62],{"class":61},[47,29852,8697],{"class":65},[47,29854,253],{"class":61},[47,29856,1032],{"class":83},[47,29858,7189],{"class":586},[47,29860,8707],{"class":83},[47,29862,29863,29865,29867,29870,29872,29874,29876,29878,29880,29883,29885,29887,29889,29891,29893,29895,29897,29899],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,29864,16709],{"class":53},[47,29866,84],{"class":83},[47,29868,29869],{"class":87},"update",[47,29871,4930],{"class":83},[47,29873,253],{"class":61},[47,29875,8697],{"class":65},[47,29877,253],{"class":61},[47,29879,1032],{"class":83},[47,29881,29882],{"class":586}," 21",[47,29884,590],{"class":83},[47,29886,62],{"class":61},[47,29888,9808],{"class":65},[47,29890,253],{"class":61},[47,29892,1032],{"class":83},[47,29894,62],{"class":61},[47,29896,15434],{"class":65},[47,29898,253],{"class":61},[47,29900,29901],{"class":83},"})\n",[47,29903,29904,29906,29908,29910],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,29905,98],{"class":97},[47,29907,101],{"class":83},[47,29909,16709],{"class":87},[47,29911,107],{"class":83},[47,29913,29914],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,29915,29916],{"class":113},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,29918,1486,29919,29921],{},[15,29920,14356],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[33,29923,128,29925,131],{"id":29924},"what-update-does",[15,29926,14356],{},[20,29928,29929,29931],{},[15,29930,14356],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,29933,29934],{},"It can do two main things:",[133,29936,29937,29940],{},[136,29938,29939],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[136,29941,29942],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,29944,29945],{},"Important things to know:",[133,29947,29948,29951,29954,29958],{},[136,29949,29950],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[136,29952,29953],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[136,29955,4546,29956],{},[15,29957,3174],{},[136,29959,29960],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,29962,538],{},[38,29964,29966],{"className":40,"code":29965,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,29967,29968,30010,30053],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29969,29970,29972,29974,29976,29978,29980,29982,29984,29986,29989,29991,29993,29995,29997,29999,30001,30003,30006,30008],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29971,12263],{"class":53},[47,29973,58],{"class":57},[47,29975,9890],{"class":83},[47,29977,253],{"class":61},[47,29979,229],{"class":65},[47,29981,253],{"class":61},[47,29983,1032],{"class":83},[47,29985,62],{"class":61},[47,29987,29988],{"class":65},"Mira",[47,29990,253],{"class":61},[47,29992,590],{"class":83},[47,29994,62],{"class":61},[47,29996,19293],{"class":65},[47,29998,253],{"class":61},[47,30000,1032],{"class":83},[47,30002,62],{"class":61},[47,30004,30005],{"class":65},"B",[47,30007,253],{"class":61},[47,30009,8707],{"class":83},[47,30011,30012,30014,30016,30018,30020,30022,30024,30026,30028,30030,30032,30034,30036,30038,30040,30042,30044,30046,30049,30051],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,30013,13027],{"class":53},[47,30015,84],{"class":83},[47,30017,29869],{"class":87},[47,30019,4930],{"class":83},[47,30021,253],{"class":61},[47,30023,19293],{"class":65},[47,30025,253],{"class":61},[47,30027,1032],{"class":83},[47,30029,62],{"class":61},[47,30031,21647],{"class":65},[47,30033,253],{"class":61},[47,30035,590],{"class":83},[47,30037,62],{"class":61},[47,30039,9808],{"class":65},[47,30041,253],{"class":61},[47,30043,1032],{"class":83},[47,30045,62],{"class":61},[47,30047,30048],{"class":65},"Quito",[47,30050,253],{"class":61},[47,30052,29901],{"class":83},[47,30054,30055,30057,30059,30061],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,30056,98],{"class":97},[47,30058,101],{"class":83},[47,30060,13027],{"class":87},[47,30062,107],{"class":83},[20,30064,338],{},[38,30066,30068],{"className":40,"code":30067,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30069,30070],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30071,30072,30074,30076,30078,30080,30082,30084,30086,30088,30090,30092,30094,30096,30098,30100,30102,30104,30106,30108,30110,30112,30114,30116,30118,30120],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30073,8676],{"class":83},[47,30075,2693],{"class":61},[47,30077,229],{"class":65},[47,30079,2693],{"class":61},[47,30081,1032],{"class":83},[47,30083,2688],{"class":61},[47,30085,29988],{"class":65},[47,30087,2693],{"class":61},[47,30089,590],{"class":83},[47,30091,2688],{"class":61},[47,30093,19293],{"class":65},[47,30095,2693],{"class":61},[47,30097,1032],{"class":83},[47,30099,2688],{"class":61},[47,30101,21647],{"class":65},[47,30103,2693],{"class":61},[47,30105,590],{"class":83},[47,30107,2688],{"class":61},[47,30109,9808],{"class":65},[47,30111,2693],{"class":61},[47,30113,1032],{"class":83},[47,30115,2688],{"class":61},[47,30117,30048],{"class":65},[47,30119,2693],{"class":61},[47,30121,8707],{"class":83},[20,30123,8549,30124,84],{},[154,30125,24031],{"href":8789},[33,30127,166],{"id":165},[20,30129,30130],{},"The basic form is:",[38,30132,30134],{"className":40,"code":30133,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30135,30136],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30137,30138,30140,30142,30144,30146,30149],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30139,15007],{"class":53},[47,30141,84],{"class":83},[47,30143,29869],{"class":87},[47,30145,101],{"class":83},[47,30147,30148],{"class":87},"other",[47,30150,107],{"class":83},[20,30152,30153,30155],{},[15,30154,30148],{}," can be:",[133,30157,30158,30161,30164],{},[136,30159,30160],{},"Another dictionary",[136,30162,30163],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[136,30165,30166],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30168,30169],{},"You can also use:",[38,30171,30173],{"className":40,"code":30172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30174,30175],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30176,30177,30179,30181,30183,30185,30187,30189,30191,30193,30195],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30178,15007],{"class":53},[47,30180,84],{"class":83},[47,30182,29869],{"class":87},[47,30184,101],{"class":83},[47,30186,229],{"class":8573},[47,30188,58],{"class":57},[47,30190,253],{"class":61},[47,30192,7075],{"class":65},[47,30194,253],{"class":61},[47,30196,107],{"class":83},[20,30198,30199],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30201,538],{},[38,30203,30205],{"className":40,"code":30204,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30206,30207,30227,30249],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30208,30209,30211,30213,30215,30217,30219,30221,30223,30225],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30210,8563],{"class":53},[47,30212,58],{"class":57},[47,30214,9890],{"class":83},[47,30216,253],{"class":61},[47,30218,154],{"class":65},[47,30220,253],{"class":61},[47,30222,1032],{"class":83},[47,30224,4898],{"class":586},[47,30226,8707],{"class":83},[47,30228,30229,30231,30233,30235,30237,30239,30241,30243,30245,30247],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,30230,8602],{"class":53},[47,30232,84],{"class":83},[47,30234,29869],{"class":87},[47,30236,4930],{"class":83},[47,30238,253],{"class":61},[47,30240,154],{"class":65},[47,30242,253],{"class":61},[47,30244,1032],{"class":83},[47,30246,5405],{"class":586},[47,30248,29901],{"class":83},[47,30250,30251,30253,30255,30257],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,30252,98],{"class":97},[47,30254,101],{"class":83},[47,30256,8602],{"class":87},[47,30258,107],{"class":83},[20,30260,338],{},[38,30262,30264],{"className":40,"code":30263,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30265,30266],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30267,30268,30270,30272,30274,30276,30278,30280],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30269,8676],{"class":83},[47,30271,2693],{"class":61},[47,30273,154],{"class":65},[47,30275,2693],{"class":61},[47,30277,1032],{"class":83},[47,30279,5405],{"class":586},[47,30281,8707],{"class":83},[33,30283,7816,30285,30287],{"id":30284},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30286,14356],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30289,30290,30291,84],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30292,14356],{},[20,30294,30295],{},"It is useful when:",[133,30297,30298,30301,30304],{},[136,30299,30300],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[136,30302,30303],{},"Adding extra settings",[136,30305,30306],{},"Updating stored data",[20,30308,538],{},[38,30310,30312],{"className":40,"code":30311,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,30313,30314,30351,30388,30392,30407],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30315,30316,30318,30320,30322,30324,30326,30328,30330,30332,30334,30336,30338,30340,30342,30344,30346,30349],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30317,13227],{"class":53},[47,30319,58],{"class":57},[47,30321,9890],{"class":83},[47,30323,253],{"class":61},[47,30325,11894],{"class":65},[47,30327,253],{"class":61},[47,30329,1032],{"class":83},[47,30331,62],{"class":61},[47,30333,20330],{"class":65},[47,30335,253],{"class":61},[47,30337,590],{"class":83},[47,30339,62],{"class":61},[47,30341,13252],{"class":65},[47,30343,253],{"class":61},[47,30345,1032],{"class":83},[47,30347,30348],{"class":586}," 12",[47,30350,8707],{"class":83},[47,30352,30353,30356,30358,30360,30362,30364,30366,30368,30370,30372,30374,30376,30378,30380,30382,30384,30386],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,30354,30355],{"class":53},"new_settings ",[47,30357,58],{"class":57},[47,30359,9890],{"class":83},[47,30361,253],{"class":61},[47,30363,13252],{"class":65},[47,30365,253],{"class":61},[47,30367,1032],{"class":83},[47,30369,13259],{"class":586},[47,30371,590],{"class":83},[47,30373,62],{"class":61},[47,30375,19525],{"class":65},[47,30377,253],{"class":61},[47,30379,1032],{"class":83},[47,30381,62],{"class":61},[47,30383,19559],{"class":65},[47,30385,253],{"class":61},[47,30387,8707],{"class":83},[47,30389,30390],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,30391,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,30393,30394,30396,30398,30400,30402,30405],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,30395,13286],{"class":53},[47,30397,84],{"class":83},[47,30399,29869],{"class":87},[47,30401,101],{"class":83},[47,30403,30404],{"class":87},"new_settings",[47,30406,107],{"class":83},[47,30408,30409,30411,30413,30415],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,30410,98],{"class":97},[47,30412,101],{"class":83},[47,30414,13286],{"class":87},[47,30416,107],{"class":83},[20,30418,338],{},[38,30420,30422],{"className":40,"code":30421,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,30423,30424],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30425,30426,30428,30430,30432,30434,30436,30438,30440,30442,30444,30446,30448,30450,30452,30454,30456,30458,30460,30462,30464,30466,30468,30470],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30427,8676],{"class":83},[47,30429,2693],{"class":61},[47,30431,11894],{"class":65},[47,30433,2693],{"class":61},[47,30435,1032],{"class":83},[47,30437,2688],{"class":61},[47,30439,20330],{"class":65},[47,30441,2693],{"class":61},[47,30443,590],{"class":83},[47,30445,2688],{"class":61},[47,30447,13252],{"class":65},[47,30449,2693],{"class":61},[47,30451,1032],{"class":83},[47,30453,13259],{"class":586},[47,30455,590],{"class":83},[47,30457,2688],{"class":61},[47,30459,19525],{"class":65},[47,30461,2693],{"class":61},[47,30463,1032],{"class":83},[47,30465,2688],{"class":61},[47,30467,19559],{"class":65},[47,30469,2693],{"class":61},[47,30471,8707],{"class":83},[20,30473,12810],{},[133,30475,30476,30481],{},[136,30477,30478,30480],{},[15,30479,13252],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[136,30482,30483,30485],{},[15,30484,19525],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,30487,30488,30489,84],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[154,30490,30492],{"href":30491},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[33,30494,7816,30496,30498],{"id":30495},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,30497,14356],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,30500,30501,30503],{},[15,30502,14356],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,30505,30506],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[38,30508,30510],{"className":40,"code":30509,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,30511,30512,30532,30567,30571,30585],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30513,30514,30516,30518,30520,30522,30524,30526,30528,30530],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30515,4461],{"class":53},[47,30517,58],{"class":57},[47,30519,9890],{"class":83},[47,30521,253],{"class":61},[47,30523,17819],{"class":65},[47,30525,253],{"class":61},[47,30527,1032],{"class":83},[47,30529,19300],{"class":586},[47,30531,8707],{"class":83},[47,30533,30534,30536,30538,30540,30542,30544,30546,30548,30550,30552,30554,30556,30559,30561,30563,30565],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,30535,8613],{"class":53},[47,30537,58],{"class":57},[47,30539,8618],{"class":83},[47,30541,253],{"class":61},[47,30543,17828],{"class":65},[47,30545,253],{"class":61},[47,30547,590],{"class":83},[47,30549,12908],{"class":586},[47,30551,8631],{"class":83},[47,30553,8634],{"class":83},[47,30555,253],{"class":61},[47,30557,30558],{"class":65},"english",[47,30560,253],{"class":61},[47,30562,590],{"class":83},[47,30564,28324],{"class":586},[47,30566,8647],{"class":83},[47,30568,30569],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,30570,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,30572,30573,30575,30577,30579,30581,30583],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,30574,15792],{"class":53},[47,30576,84],{"class":83},[47,30578,29869],{"class":87},[47,30580,101],{"class":83},[47,30582,8660],{"class":87},[47,30584,107],{"class":83},[47,30586,30587,30589,30591,30593],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,30588,98],{"class":97},[47,30590,101],{"class":83},[47,30592,15792],{"class":87},[47,30594,107],{"class":83},[20,30596,338],{},[38,30598,30600],{"className":40,"code":30599,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,30601,30602],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30603,30604,30606,30608,30610,30612,30614,30616,30618,30620,30622,30624,30626,30628,30630,30632,30634,30636,30638,30640],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30605,8676],{"class":83},[47,30607,2693],{"class":61},[47,30609,17819],{"class":65},[47,30611,2693],{"class":61},[47,30613,1032],{"class":83},[47,30615,19300],{"class":586},[47,30617,590],{"class":83},[47,30619,2688],{"class":61},[47,30621,17828],{"class":65},[47,30623,2693],{"class":61},[47,30625,1032],{"class":83},[47,30627,12908],{"class":586},[47,30629,590],{"class":83},[47,30631,2688],{"class":61},[47,30633,30558],{"class":65},[47,30635,2693],{"class":61},[47,30637,1032],{"class":83},[47,30639,28324],{"class":586},[47,30641,8707],{"class":83},[20,30643,30644],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[133,30646,30647,30650],{},[136,30648,30649],{},"The key",[136,30651,30652],{},"The value",[20,30654,30655],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,30657,30658],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[38,30660,30662],{"className":40,"code":30661,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,30663,30664,30684,30709,30713],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30665,30666,30668,30670,30672,30674,30676,30678,30680,30682],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30667,8563],{"class":53},[47,30669,58],{"class":57},[47,30671,9890],{"class":83},[47,30673,253],{"class":61},[47,30675,154],{"class":65},[47,30677,253],{"class":61},[47,30679,1032],{"class":83},[47,30681,4898],{"class":586},[47,30683,8707],{"class":83},[47,30685,30686,30689,30691,30693,30695,30697,30699,30701,30703,30705,30707],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,30687,30688],{"class":53},"bad_pairs ",[47,30690,58],{"class":57},[47,30692,8618],{"class":83},[47,30694,253],{"class":61},[47,30696,4158],{"class":65},[47,30698,253],{"class":61},[47,30700,590],{"class":83},[47,30702,2382],{"class":586},[47,30704,590],{"class":83},[47,30706,1841],{"class":586},[47,30708,8647],{"class":83},[47,30710,30711],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,30712,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,30714,30715,30717,30719,30721,30723,30726],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,30716,8602],{"class":53},[47,30718,84],{"class":83},[47,30720,29869],{"class":87},[47,30722,101],{"class":83},[47,30724,30725],{"class":87},"bad_pairs",[47,30727,107],{"class":83},[20,30729,30730],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,30732,30733],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[33,30735,30737],{"id":30736},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,30739,30740],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[38,30742,30744],{"className":40,"code":30743,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,30745,30746,30770,30802],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30747,30748,30750,30752,30754,30756,30758,30760,30762,30764,30766,30768],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30749,10886],{"class":53},[47,30751,58],{"class":57},[47,30753,9890],{"class":83},[47,30755,253],{"class":61},[47,30757,229],{"class":65},[47,30759,253],{"class":61},[47,30761,1032],{"class":83},[47,30763,62],{"class":61},[47,30765,28317],{"class":65},[47,30767,253],{"class":61},[47,30769,8707],{"class":83},[47,30771,30772,30774,30776,30778,30780,30782,30784,30786,30788,30791,30793,30795,30798,30800],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,30773,10980],{"class":53},[47,30775,84],{"class":83},[47,30777,29869],{"class":87},[47,30779,101],{"class":83},[47,30781,8697],{"class":8573},[47,30783,58],{"class":57},[47,30785,8591],{"class":586},[47,30787,590],{"class":83},[47,30789,30790],{"class":8573}," city",[47,30792,58],{"class":57},[47,30794,253],{"class":61},[47,30796,30797],{"class":65},"Madrid",[47,30799,253],{"class":61},[47,30801,107],{"class":83},[47,30803,30804,30806,30808,30810],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,30805,98],{"class":97},[47,30807,101],{"class":83},[47,30809,10980],{"class":87},[47,30811,107],{"class":83},[20,30813,338],{},[38,30815,30817],{"className":40,"code":30816,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,30818,30819],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30820,30821,30823,30825,30827,30829,30831,30833,30835,30837,30839,30841,30843,30845,30847,30849,30851,30853,30855,30857,30859,30861,30863,30865],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30822,8676],{"class":83},[47,30824,2693],{"class":61},[47,30826,229],{"class":65},[47,30828,2693],{"class":61},[47,30830,1032],{"class":83},[47,30832,2688],{"class":61},[47,30834,28317],{"class":65},[47,30836,2693],{"class":61},[47,30838,590],{"class":83},[47,30840,2688],{"class":61},[47,30842,8697],{"class":65},[47,30844,2693],{"class":61},[47,30846,1032],{"class":83},[47,30848,8704],{"class":586},[47,30850,590],{"class":83},[47,30852,2688],{"class":61},[47,30854,9808],{"class":65},[47,30856,2693],{"class":61},[47,30858,1032],{"class":83},[47,30860,2688],{"class":61},[47,30862,30797],{"class":65},[47,30864,2693],{"class":61},[47,30866,8707],{"class":83},[20,30868,30869],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,30871,30872],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,30874,30875],{},"These work:",[133,30877,30878,30882,30886],{},[136,30879,30880],{},[15,30881,8697],{},[136,30883,30884],{},[15,30885,9808],{},[136,30887,30888],{},[15,30889,30890],{},"first_name",[20,30892,30893],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[133,30895,30896,30901],{},[136,30897,30898],{},[15,30899,30900],{},"\"first name\"",[136,30902,30903],{},[15,30904,30905],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,30907,30908],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[38,30910,30912],{"className":40,"code":30911,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,30913,30914,30922,30962],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30915,30916,30918,30920],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30917,10886],{"class":53},[47,30919,58],{"class":57},[47,30921,9237],{"class":83},[47,30923,30924,30926,30928,30930,30932,30934,30936,30938,30940,30942,30944,30946,30948,30950,30953,30955,30957,30960],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,30925,10980],{"class":53},[47,30927,84],{"class":83},[47,30929,29869],{"class":87},[47,30931,4930],{"class":83},[47,30933,253],{"class":61},[47,30935,9912],{"class":65},[47,30937,253],{"class":61},[47,30939,1032],{"class":83},[47,30941,62],{"class":61},[47,30943,28317],{"class":65},[47,30945,253],{"class":61},[47,30947,590],{"class":83},[47,30949,62],{"class":61},[47,30951,30952],{"class":65},"user-id",[47,30954,253],{"class":61},[47,30956,1032],{"class":83},[47,30958,30959],{"class":586}," 1001",[47,30961,29901],{"class":83},[47,30963,30964,30966,30968,30970],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,30965,98],{"class":97},[47,30967,101],{"class":83},[47,30969,10980],{"class":87},[47,30971,107],{"class":83},[33,30973,16821],{"id":16820},[20,30975,30976,1786,30978,84],{},[15,30977,14356],{},[15,30979,3174],{},[20,30981,13450],{},[20,30983,24111],{},[38,30985,30987],{"className":40,"code":30986,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,30988,30989,31013,31039,31043,31053],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30990,30991,30993,30995,30997,30999,31001,31003,31005,31007,31009,31011],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30992,12605],{"class":53},[47,30994,58],{"class":57},[47,30996,9890],{"class":83},[47,30998,253],{"class":61},[47,31000,229],{"class":65},[47,31002,253],{"class":61},[47,31004,1032],{"class":83},[47,31006,62],{"class":61},[47,31008,12280],{"class":65},[47,31010,253],{"class":61},[47,31012,8707],{"class":83},[47,31014,31015,31017,31019,31021,31023,31025,31027,31029,31031,31033,31035,31037],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,31016,75],{"class":53},[47,31018,58],{"class":57},[47,31020,12648],{"class":53},[47,31022,84],{"class":83},[47,31024,29869],{"class":87},[47,31026,4930],{"class":83},[47,31028,253],{"class":61},[47,31030,8697],{"class":65},[47,31032,253],{"class":61},[47,31034,1032],{"class":83},[47,31036,7189],{"class":586},[47,31038,29901],{"class":83},[47,31040,31041],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,31042,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,31044,31045,31047,31049,31051],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,31046,98],{"class":97},[47,31048,101],{"class":83},[47,31050,104],{"class":87},[47,31052,107],{"class":83},[47,31054,31055,31057,31059,31061],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,31056,98],{"class":97},[47,31058,101],{"class":83},[47,31060,16709],{"class":87},[47,31062,107],{"class":83},[20,31064,338],{},[38,31066,31068],{"className":40,"code":31067,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31069,31070,31074],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31071,31072],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31073,11207],{"class":1271},[47,31075,31076,31078,31080,31082,31084,31086,31088,31090,31092,31094,31096,31098,31100,31102,31104],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,31077,8676],{"class":83},[47,31079,2693],{"class":61},[47,31081,229],{"class":65},[47,31083,2693],{"class":61},[47,31085,1032],{"class":83},[47,31087,2688],{"class":61},[47,31089,12280],{"class":65},[47,31091,2693],{"class":61},[47,31093,590],{"class":83},[47,31095,2688],{"class":61},[47,31097,8697],{"class":65},[47,31099,2693],{"class":61},[47,31101,1032],{"class":83},[47,31103,7189],{"class":586},[47,31105,8707],{"class":83},[20,31107,788],{},[38,31109,31111],{"className":40,"code":31110,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31112,31113,31137,31159,31163],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31114,31115,31117,31119,31121,31123,31125,31127,31129,31131,31133,31135],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31116,12605],{"class":53},[47,31118,58],{"class":57},[47,31120,9890],{"class":83},[47,31122,253],{"class":61},[47,31124,229],{"class":65},[47,31126,253],{"class":61},[47,31128,1032],{"class":83},[47,31130,62],{"class":61},[47,31132,12280],{"class":65},[47,31134,253],{"class":61},[47,31136,8707],{"class":83},[47,31138,31139,31141,31143,31145,31147,31149,31151,31153,31155,31157],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,31140,16709],{"class":53},[47,31142,84],{"class":83},[47,31144,29869],{"class":87},[47,31146,4930],{"class":83},[47,31148,253],{"class":61},[47,31150,8697],{"class":65},[47,31152,253],{"class":61},[47,31154,1032],{"class":83},[47,31156,7189],{"class":586},[47,31158,29901],{"class":83},[47,31160,31161],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,31162,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,31164,31165,31167,31169,31171],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,31166,98],{"class":97},[47,31168,101],{"class":83},[47,31170,16709],{"class":87},[47,31172,107],{"class":83},[20,31174,338],{},[38,31176,31178],{"className":40,"code":31177,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31179,31180],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31181,31182,31184,31186,31188,31190,31192,31194,31196,31198,31200,31202,31204,31206,31208,31210],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31183,8676],{"class":83},[47,31185,2693],{"class":61},[47,31187,229],{"class":65},[47,31189,2693],{"class":61},[47,31191,1032],{"class":83},[47,31193,2688],{"class":61},[47,31195,12280],{"class":65},[47,31197,2693],{"class":61},[47,31199,590],{"class":83},[47,31201,2688],{"class":61},[47,31203,8697],{"class":65},[47,31205,2693],{"class":61},[47,31207,1032],{"class":83},[47,31209,7189],{"class":586},[47,31211,8707],{"class":83},[20,31213,31214,31215,84],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[154,31216,17306],{"href":10131},[33,31218,603,31220],{"id":31219},"when-to-use-update",[15,31221,14356],{},[20,31223,1486,31224,10001],{},[15,31225,14356],{},[133,31227,31228,31231,31234,31237],{},[136,31229,31230],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[136,31232,31233],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[136,31235,31236],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[136,31238,31239],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31241,31242],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[38,31244,31246],{"className":40,"code":31245,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31247,31248,31284,31299,31303,31342,31346,31356],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31249,31250,31252,31254,31256,31258,31260,31262,31264,31266,31268,31270,31272,31274,31276,31278,31280,31282],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31251,11485],{"class":53},[47,31253,58],{"class":57},[47,31255,9890],{"class":83},[47,31257,253],{"class":61},[47,31259,229],{"class":65},[47,31261,253],{"class":61},[47,31263,1032],{"class":83},[47,31265,62],{"class":61},[47,31267,12280],{"class":65},[47,31269,253],{"class":61},[47,31271,590],{"class":83},[47,31273,62],{"class":61},[47,31275,8697],{"class":65},[47,31277,253],{"class":61},[47,31279,1032],{"class":83},[47,31281,7189],{"class":586},[47,31283,8707],{"class":83},[47,31285,31286,31289,31291,31293,31295,31297],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,31287,31288],{"class":53},"updated ",[47,31290,58],{"class":57},[47,31292,11560],{"class":53},[47,31294,84],{"class":83},[47,31296,12311],{"class":87},[47,31298,91],{"class":83},[47,31300,31301],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,31302,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,31304,31305,31308,31310,31312,31314,31316,31318,31320,31322,31324,31326,31328,31330,31332,31334,31336,31338,31340],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,31306,31307],{"class":53},"updated",[47,31309,84],{"class":83},[47,31311,29869],{"class":87},[47,31313,4930],{"class":83},[47,31315,253],{"class":61},[47,31317,8697],{"class":65},[47,31319,253],{"class":61},[47,31321,1032],{"class":83},[47,31323,29882],{"class":586},[47,31325,590],{"class":83},[47,31327,62],{"class":61},[47,31329,9808],{"class":65},[47,31331,253],{"class":61},[47,31333,1032],{"class":83},[47,31335,62],{"class":61},[47,31337,15434],{"class":65},[47,31339,253],{"class":61},[47,31341,29901],{"class":83},[47,31343,31344],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,31345,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,31347,31348,31350,31352,31354],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,31349,98],{"class":97},[47,31351,101],{"class":83},[47,31353,11532],{"class":87},[47,31355,107],{"class":83},[47,31357,31358,31360,31362,31364],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,31359,98],{"class":97},[47,31361,101],{"class":83},[47,31363,31307],{"class":87},[47,31365,107],{"class":83},[20,31367,338],{},[38,31369,31371],{"className":40,"code":31370,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,31372,31373,31405],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31374,31375,31377,31379,31381,31383,31385,31387,31389,31391,31393,31395,31397,31399,31401,31403],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31376,8676],{"class":83},[47,31378,2693],{"class":61},[47,31380,229],{"class":65},[47,31382,2693],{"class":61},[47,31384,1032],{"class":83},[47,31386,2688],{"class":61},[47,31388,12280],{"class":65},[47,31390,2693],{"class":61},[47,31392,590],{"class":83},[47,31394,2688],{"class":61},[47,31396,8697],{"class":65},[47,31398,2693],{"class":61},[47,31400,1032],{"class":83},[47,31402,7189],{"class":586},[47,31404,8707],{"class":83},[47,31406,31407,31409,31411,31413,31415,31417,31419,31421,31423,31425,31427,31429,31431,31433,31435,31437,31439,31441,31443,31445,31447,31449,31451],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,31408,8676],{"class":83},[47,31410,2693],{"class":61},[47,31412,229],{"class":65},[47,31414,2693],{"class":61},[47,31416,1032],{"class":83},[47,31418,2688],{"class":61},[47,31420,12280],{"class":65},[47,31422,2693],{"class":61},[47,31424,590],{"class":83},[47,31426,2688],{"class":61},[47,31428,8697],{"class":65},[47,31430,2693],{"class":61},[47,31432,1032],{"class":83},[47,31434,29882],{"class":586},[47,31436,590],{"class":83},[47,31438,2688],{"class":61},[47,31440,9808],{"class":65},[47,31442,2693],{"class":61},[47,31444,1032],{"class":83},[47,31446,2688],{"class":61},[47,31448,15434],{"class":65},[47,31450,2693],{"class":61},[47,31452,8707],{"class":83},[20,31454,31455,31456,84],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[154,31457,16001],{"href":16000},[33,31459,722],{"id":721},[20,31461,10147,31462,1032],{},[15,31463,14356],{},[133,31465,31466,31473,31477,31480,31483],{},[136,31467,11994,31468,31470,31471],{},[15,31469,14356],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,31472,3174],{},[136,31474,7852,31475,12002],{},[15,31476,14356],{},[136,31478,31479],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[136,31481,31482],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[136,31484,31485],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,31487,31488],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[38,31490,31492],{"className":40,"code":31491,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,31493,31494,31504,31518,31532,31554],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31495,31496,31498,31500,31502],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31497,98],{"class":97},[47,31499,101],{"class":83},[47,31501,10850],{"class":87},[47,31503,107],{"class":83},[47,31505,31506,31508,31510,31512,31514,31516],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,31507,98],{"class":97},[47,31509,101],{"class":83},[47,31511,2613],{"class":919},[47,31513,101],{"class":83},[47,31515,8602],{"class":87},[47,31517,1419],{"class":83},[47,31519,31520,31522,31524,31526,31528,31530],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,31521,98],{"class":97},[47,31523,101],{"class":83},[47,31525,7492],{"class":919},[47,31527,101],{"class":83},[47,31529,8602],{"class":87},[47,31531,1419],{"class":83},[47,31533,31534,31536,31538,31540,31542,31544,31546,31548,31550,31552],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,31535,98],{"class":97},[47,31537,101],{"class":83},[47,31539,10850],{"class":87},[47,31541,84],{"class":83},[47,31543,19152],{"class":87},[47,31545,101],{"class":83},[47,31547,2693],{"class":61},[47,31549,14243],{"class":65},[47,31551,2693],{"class":61},[47,31553,1419],{"class":83},[47,31555,31556,31559,31561,31563,31565,31567],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,31557,31558],{"class":97},"help",[47,31560,101],{"class":83},[47,31562,8218],{"class":919},[47,31564,84],{"class":83},[47,31566,29869],{"class":24153},[47,31568,107],{"class":83},[20,31570,31571],{},"These can help you check:",[133,31573,31574,31577,31582,31585,31588],{},[136,31575,31576],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[136,31578,31579,31580],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,31581,14356],{},[136,31583,31584],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[136,31586,31587],{},"Whether a key exists",[136,31589,31590],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,31592,31593,31594,84],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[154,31595,10663],{"href":10474},[33,31597,1155],{"id":1154},[724,31599,1159,31601,31603],{"id":31600},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,31602,14356],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,31605,31606,31607,84],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,31608,3174],{},[724,31610,1159,31612,31614],{"id":31611},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,31613,14356],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,31616,31617],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[724,31619,4568,31621,31623],{"id":31620},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,31622,14356],{}," add new keys?",[20,31625,31626],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[724,31628,1190,31630,31632],{"id":31629},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,31631,14356],{}," with a list?",[20,31634,31635,31636,84],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,31637,10495],{},[724,31639,4578,31641,31643],{"id":31640},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,31642,14356],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,31645,31646,31647,31649],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,31648,14356],{}," can change many keys at once.",[33,31651,1275],{"id":1274},[133,31653,31654,31658,31662,31667,31671],{},[136,31655,31656],{},[154,31657,25499],{"href":8789},[136,31659,31660],{},[154,31661,10652],{"href":10131},[136,31663,31664],{},[154,31665,31666],{"href":30491},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[136,31668,31669],{},[154,31670,20859],{"href":16000},[136,31672,31673],{},[154,31674,10663],{"href":10474},[1320,31676,31677],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":31679},[31680,31681,31683,31684,31686,31688,31689,31690,31692,31693,31705],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":29924,"depth":72,"text":31682},"What update() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":30284,"depth":72,"text":31685},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":30495,"depth":72,"text":31687},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":30736,"depth":72,"text":30737},{"id":16820,"depth":72,"text":16821},{"id":31219,"depth":72,"text":31691},"When to use update()",{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":31694},[31695,31697,31699,31701,31703],{"id":31600,"depth":94,"text":31696},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":31611,"depth":94,"text":31698},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":31620,"depth":94,"text":31700},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":31629,"depth":94,"text":31702},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":31640,"depth":94,"text":31704},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":29802,"description":31706},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":31712,"title":31713,"body":31714,"description":33702,"extension":1354,"meta":33703,"navigation":311,"path":22297,"seo":33704,"stem":33705,"__hash__":33706},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":31715,"toc":33665},[31716,31721,31728,31731,31733,31832,31834,31889,31894,31899,31913,31918,31920,31935,31937,31951,31964,31969,31975,31982,31984,32091,32093,32142,32148,32223,32225,32246,32248,32251,32356,32358,32413,32415,32443,32447,32452,32531,32533,32553,32555,32566,32576,32580,32585,32689,32691,32716,32719,32730,32735,32744,32747,32764,32766,32853,32855,32918,32920,32943,32945,32950,32956,32961,32963,33002,33007,33010,33029,33040,33046,33049,33122,33124,33143,33148,33151,33174,33180,33183,33247,33250,33327,33334,33337,33396,33402,33404,33423,33427,33430,33481,33484,33504,33506,33567,33569,33574,33579,33584,33589,33594,33599,33605,33608,33617,33625,33627,33662],[10,31717,10719,31719,18],{"id":31718},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,31720,16473],{},[20,31722,31723,31724,31727],{},"The Python ",[15,31725,31726],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,31729,31730],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[33,31732,36],{"id":35},[38,31734,31736],{"className":40,"code":31735,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,31737,31738,31790,31804,31808,31818],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31739,31740,31742,31744,31746,31748,31750,31752,31754,31756,31758,31760,31762,31764,31766,31768,31770,31772,31774,31776,31778,31780,31782,31784,31786,31788],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31741,12263],{"class":53},[47,31743,58],{"class":57},[47,31745,9890],{"class":83},[47,31747,253],{"class":61},[47,31749,229],{"class":65},[47,31751,253],{"class":61},[47,31753,1032],{"class":83},[47,31755,62],{"class":61},[47,31757,12280],{"class":65},[47,31759,253],{"class":61},[47,31761,590],{"class":83},[47,31763,62],{"class":61},[47,31765,8697],{"class":65},[47,31767,253],{"class":61},[47,31769,1032],{"class":83},[47,31771,7189],{"class":586},[47,31773,590],{"class":83},[47,31775,62],{"class":61},[47,31777,9808],{"class":65},[47,31779,253],{"class":61},[47,31781,1032],{"class":83},[47,31783,62],{"class":61},[47,31785,15434],{"class":65},[47,31787,253],{"class":61},[47,31789,8707],{"class":83},[47,31791,31792,31794,31796,31798,31800,31802],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,31793,3219],{"class":53},[47,31795,58],{"class":57},[47,31797,12306],{"class":53},[47,31799,84],{"class":83},[47,31801,4758],{"class":87},[47,31803,91],{"class":83},[47,31805,31806],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,31807,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,31809,31810,31812,31814,31816],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,31811,98],{"class":97},[47,31813,101],{"class":83},[47,31815,4758],{"class":87},[47,31817,107],{"class":83},[47,31819,31820,31822,31824,31826,31828,31830],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,31821,98],{"class":97},[47,31823,101],{"class":83},[47,31825,7492],{"class":919},[47,31827,101],{"class":83},[47,31829,4758],{"class":87},[47,31831,1419],{"class":83},[20,31833,338],{},[38,31835,31837],{"className":40,"code":31836,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,31838,31839,31865],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31840,31841,31843,31845,31847,31849,31851,31853,31855,31857,31859,31861,31863],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31842,16439],{"class":87},[47,31844,2374],{"class":83},[47,31846,2693],{"class":61},[47,31848,12280],{"class":65},[47,31850,2693],{"class":61},[47,31852,590],{"class":83},[47,31854,7189],{"class":586},[47,31856,590],{"class":83},[47,31858,2688],{"class":61},[47,31860,15434],{"class":65},[47,31862,2693],{"class":61},[47,31864,3284],{"class":83},[47,31866,31867,31869,31871,31873,31875,31877,31879,31881,31883,31885,31887],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,31868,3296],{"class":83},[47,31870,2693],{"class":61},[47,31872,12280],{"class":65},[47,31874,2693],{"class":61},[47,31876,590],{"class":83},[47,31878,7189],{"class":586},[47,31880,590],{"class":83},[47,31882,2688],{"class":61},[47,31884,15434],{"class":65},[47,31886,2693],{"class":61},[47,31888,3030],{"class":83},[20,31890,31891,31893],{},[15,31892,16473],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[33,31895,128,31897,131],{"id":31896},"what-values-does",[15,31898,16473],{},[133,31900,31901,31904,31907,31910],{},[136,31902,31903],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[136,31905,31906],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[136,31908,31909],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[136,31911,31912],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,31914,31915,31916,84],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[154,31917,8790],{"href":8789},[33,31919,166],{"id":165},[38,31921,31923],{"className":40,"code":31922,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,31924,31925],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31926,31927,31929,31931,31933],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31928,10850],{"class":53},[47,31930,84],{"class":83},[47,31932,4758],{"class":87},[47,31934,91],{"class":83},[20,31936,12452],{},[133,31938,31939,31943,31946],{},[136,31940,31941,10865],{},[15,31942,16473],{},[136,31944,31945],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[136,31947,31948,31949],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,31950,16473],{},[20,31952,31953,31954,1063,31959,84],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[154,31955,31956,31958],{"href":16464},[15,31957,16467],{}," for dictionary keys",[154,31960,31961,31963],{"href":16477},[15,31962,16480],{}," for key-value pairs",[33,31965,128,31967,11104],{"id":31966},"what-values-returns",[15,31968,16473],{},[20,31970,31971,21377,31973,24167],{},[15,31972,16473],{},[15,31974,16439],{},[20,31976,31977,31978,31981],{},"This object is a ",[121,31979,31980],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,31983,538],{},[38,31985,31987],{"className":40,"code":31986,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,31988,31989,32025,32029,32044,32055,32059,32081],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31990,31991,31993,31995,31997,31999,32001,32003,32005,32007,32009,32011,32013,32015,32017,32019,32021,32023],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31992,12605],{"class":53},[47,31994,58],{"class":57},[47,31996,9890],{"class":83},[47,31998,253],{"class":61},[47,32000,229],{"class":65},[47,32002,253],{"class":61},[47,32004,1032],{"class":83},[47,32006,62],{"class":61},[47,32008,7320],{"class":65},[47,32010,253],{"class":61},[47,32012,590],{"class":83},[47,32014,62],{"class":61},[47,32016,8697],{"class":65},[47,32018,253],{"class":61},[47,32020,1032],{"class":83},[47,32022,8704],{"class":586},[47,32024,8707],{"class":83},[47,32026,32027],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,32028,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,32030,32031,32034,32036,32038,32040,32042],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,32032,32033],{"class":53},"values_view ",[47,32035,58],{"class":57},[47,32037,12648],{"class":53},[47,32039,84],{"class":83},[47,32041,4758],{"class":87},[47,32043,91],{"class":83},[47,32045,32046,32048,32050,32053],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,32047,98],{"class":97},[47,32049,101],{"class":83},[47,32051,32052],{"class":87},"values_view",[47,32054,107],{"class":83},[47,32056,32057],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,32058,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,32060,32061,32063,32065,32067,32069,32071,32073,32075,32077,32079],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,32062,16709],{"class":53},[47,32064,3296],{"class":83},[47,32066,253],{"class":61},[47,32068,9808],{"class":65},[47,32070,253],{"class":61},[47,32072,12674],{"class":83},[47,32074,12677],{"class":57},[47,32076,62],{"class":61},[47,32078,30048],{"class":65},[47,32080,69],{"class":61},[47,32082,32083,32085,32087,32089],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,32084,98],{"class":97},[47,32086,101],{"class":83},[47,32088,32052],{"class":87},[47,32090,107],{"class":83},[20,32092,338],{},[38,32094,32096],{"className":40,"code":32095,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32097,32098,32116],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32099,32100,32102,32104,32106,32108,32110,32112,32114],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32101,16439],{"class":87},[47,32103,2374],{"class":83},[47,32105,2693],{"class":61},[47,32107,7320],{"class":65},[47,32109,2693],{"class":61},[47,32111,590],{"class":83},[47,32113,8704],{"class":586},[47,32115,3284],{"class":83},[47,32117,32118,32120,32122,32124,32126,32128,32130,32132,32134,32136,32138,32140],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,32119,16439],{"class":87},[47,32121,2374],{"class":83},[47,32123,2693],{"class":61},[47,32125,7320],{"class":65},[47,32127,2693],{"class":61},[47,32129,590],{"class":83},[47,32131,8704],{"class":586},[47,32133,590],{"class":83},[47,32135,2688],{"class":61},[47,32137,30048],{"class":65},[47,32139,2693],{"class":61},[47,32141,3284],{"class":83},[20,32143,32144,32145,84],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32146,32147],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[38,32149,32151],{"className":40,"code":32150,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32152,32153,32189,32208,32212],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32154,32155,32157,32159,32161,32163,32165,32167,32169,32171,32173,32175,32177,32179,32181,32183,32185,32187],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32156,12605],{"class":53},[47,32158,58],{"class":57},[47,32160,9890],{"class":83},[47,32162,253],{"class":61},[47,32164,229],{"class":65},[47,32166,253],{"class":61},[47,32168,1032],{"class":83},[47,32170,62],{"class":61},[47,32172,7320],{"class":65},[47,32174,253],{"class":61},[47,32176,590],{"class":83},[47,32178,62],{"class":61},[47,32180,8697],{"class":65},[47,32182,253],{"class":61},[47,32184,1032],{"class":83},[47,32186,8704],{"class":586},[47,32188,8707],{"class":83},[47,32190,32191,32194,32196,32198,32200,32202,32204,32206],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,32192,32193],{"class":53},"values_list ",[47,32195,58],{"class":57},[47,32197,21962],{"class":919},[47,32199,101],{"class":83},[47,32201,16709],{"class":87},[47,32203,84],{"class":83},[47,32205,4758],{"class":87},[47,32207,236],{"class":83},[47,32209,32210],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,32211,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,32213,32214,32216,32218,32221],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,32215,98],{"class":97},[47,32217,101],{"class":83},[47,32219,32220],{"class":87},"values_list",[47,32222,107],{"class":83},[20,32224,338],{},[38,32226,32228],{"className":40,"code":32227,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32229,32230],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32231,32232,32234,32236,32238,32240,32242,32244],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32233,3296],{"class":83},[47,32235,2693],{"class":61},[47,32237,7320],{"class":65},[47,32239,2693],{"class":61},[47,32241,590],{"class":83},[47,32243,8704],{"class":586},[47,32245,3030],{"class":83},[33,32247,268],{"id":267},[20,32249,32250],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[38,32252,32254],{"className":40,"code":32253,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32255,32256,32310,32314,32328,32332,32342],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32257,32258,32260,32262,32264,32266,32268,32270,32272,32274,32276,32278,32280,32282,32284,32286,32288,32291,32293,32295,32298,32300,32302,32304,32306,32308],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32259,24199],{"class":53},[47,32261,58],{"class":57},[47,32263,9890],{"class":83},[47,32265,253],{"class":61},[47,32267,24208],{"class":65},[47,32269,253],{"class":61},[47,32271,1032],{"class":83},[47,32273,62],{"class":61},[47,32275,24217],{"class":65},[47,32277,253],{"class":61},[47,32279,590],{"class":83},[47,32281,62],{"class":61},[47,32283,24226],{"class":65},[47,32285,253],{"class":61},[47,32287,1032],{"class":83},[47,32289,32290],{"class":586}," 2022",[47,32292,590],{"class":83},[47,32294,62],{"class":61},[47,32296,32297],{"class":65},"color",[47,32299,253],{"class":61},[47,32301,1032],{"class":83},[47,32303,62],{"class":61},[47,32305,12510],{"class":65},[47,32307,253],{"class":61},[47,32309,8707],{"class":83},[47,32311,32312],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,32313,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,32315,32316,32318,32320,32322,32324,32326],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,32317,75],{"class":53},[47,32319,58],{"class":57},[47,32321,24248],{"class":53},[47,32323,84],{"class":83},[47,32325,4758],{"class":87},[47,32327,91],{"class":83},[47,32329,32330],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,32331,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,32333,32334,32336,32338,32340],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,32335,98],{"class":97},[47,32337,101],{"class":83},[47,32339,104],{"class":87},[47,32341,107],{"class":83},[47,32343,32344,32346,32348,32350,32352,32354],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,32345,98],{"class":97},[47,32347,101],{"class":83},[47,32349,7492],{"class":919},[47,32351,101],{"class":83},[47,32353,104],{"class":87},[47,32355,1419],{"class":83},[20,32357,338],{},[38,32359,32361],{"className":40,"code":32360,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,32362,32363,32389],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32364,32365,32367,32369,32371,32373,32375,32377,32379,32381,32383,32385,32387],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32366,16439],{"class":87},[47,32368,2374],{"class":83},[47,32370,2693],{"class":61},[47,32372,24217],{"class":65},[47,32374,2693],{"class":61},[47,32376,590],{"class":83},[47,32378,32290],{"class":586},[47,32380,590],{"class":83},[47,32382,2688],{"class":61},[47,32384,12510],{"class":65},[47,32386,2693],{"class":61},[47,32388,3284],{"class":83},[47,32390,32391,32393,32395,32397,32399,32401,32403,32405,32407,32409,32411],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,32392,3296],{"class":83},[47,32394,2693],{"class":61},[47,32396,24217],{"class":65},[47,32398,2693],{"class":61},[47,32400,590],{"class":83},[47,32402,32290],{"class":586},[47,32404,590],{"class":83},[47,32406,2688],{"class":61},[47,32408,12510],{"class":65},[47,32410,2693],{"class":61},[47,32412,3030],{"class":83},[20,32414,11082],{},[133,32416,32417,32423,32429,32437],{},[136,32418,32419,32422],{},[15,32420,32421],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[136,32424,32425,32428],{},[15,32426,32427],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[136,32430,32431,32434,32435,24020],{},[15,32432,32433],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,32436,16439],{},[136,32438,32439,32442],{},[15,32440,32441],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[33,32444,32446],{"id":32445},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,32448,32449,32450,25468],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,32451,5359],{},[38,32453,32455],{"className":40,"code":32454,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,32456,32457,32501,32505,32521],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32458,32459,32461,32463,32465,32467,32469,32471,32473,32475,32477,32479,32481,32483,32485,32487,32489,32491,32493,32495,32497,32499],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32460,4461],{"class":53},[47,32462,58],{"class":57},[47,32464,9890],{"class":83},[47,32466,253],{"class":61},[47,32468,17819],{"class":65},[47,32470,253],{"class":61},[47,32472,1032],{"class":83},[47,32474,19300],{"class":586},[47,32476,590],{"class":83},[47,32478,62],{"class":61},[47,32480,30558],{"class":65},[47,32482,253],{"class":61},[47,32484,1032],{"class":83},[47,32486,12908],{"class":586},[47,32488,590],{"class":83},[47,32490,62],{"class":61},[47,32492,17828],{"class":65},[47,32494,253],{"class":61},[47,32496,1032],{"class":83},[47,32498,28324],{"class":586},[47,32500,8707],{"class":83},[47,32502,32503],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,32504,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,32506,32507,32509,32511,32513,32515,32517,32519],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,32508,5359],{"class":655},[47,32510,20986],{"class":53},[47,32512,3278],{"class":655},[47,32514,4508],{"class":53},[47,32516,84],{"class":83},[47,32518,4758],{"class":87},[47,32520,20997],{"class":83},[47,32522,32523,32525,32527,32529],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,32524,684],{"class":97},[47,32526,101],{"class":83},[47,32528,1863],{"class":87},[47,32530,107],{"class":83},[20,32532,338],{},[38,32534,32536],{"className":40,"code":32535,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,32537,32538,32543,32548],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32539,32540],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32541,32542],{"class":586},"90\n",[47,32544,32545],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,32546,32547],{"class":586},"85\n",[47,32549,32550],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,32551,32552],{"class":586},"88\n",[20,32554,17113],{},[133,32556,32557,32560,32563],{},[136,32558,32559],{},"You only need the values",[136,32561,32562],{},"You do not care about the keys",[136,32564,32565],{},"You want simpler code",[20,32567,32568,32569,158,32573,84],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[154,32570,10137,32571,1289],{"href":16477},[15,32572,16480],{},[154,32574,21877],{"href":32575},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[33,32577,32579],{"id":32578},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,32581,1486,32582,32584],{},[15,32583,32147],{}," when you need a list.",[38,32586,32588],{"className":40,"code":32587,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,32589,32590,32636,32640,32660,32664,32675],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32591,32592,32595,32597,32599,32601,32603,32605,32607,32609,32611,32613,32615,32617,32619,32621,32623,32625,32628,32630,32632,32634],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32593,32594],{"class":53},"fruit_prices ",[47,32596,58],{"class":57},[47,32598,9890],{"class":83},[47,32600,253],{"class":61},[47,32602,3475],{"class":65},[47,32604,253],{"class":61},[47,32606,1032],{"class":83},[47,32608,2382],{"class":586},[47,32610,590],{"class":83},[47,32612,62],{"class":61},[47,32614,288],{"class":65},[47,32616,253],{"class":61},[47,32618,1032],{"class":83},[47,32620,4898],{"class":586},[47,32622,590],{"class":83},[47,32624,62],{"class":61},[47,32626,32627],{"class":65},"orange",[47,32629,253],{"class":61},[47,32631,1032],{"class":83},[47,32633,1841],{"class":586},[47,32635,8707],{"class":83},[47,32637,32638],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,32639,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,32641,32642,32645,32647,32649,32651,32654,32656,32658],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,32643,32644],{"class":53},"price_list ",[47,32646,58],{"class":57},[47,32648,21962],{"class":919},[47,32650,101],{"class":83},[47,32652,32653],{"class":87},"fruit_prices",[47,32655,84],{"class":83},[47,32657,4758],{"class":87},[47,32659,236],{"class":83},[47,32661,32662],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,32663,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,32665,32666,32668,32670,32673],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,32667,98],{"class":97},[47,32669,101],{"class":83},[47,32671,32672],{"class":87},"price_list",[47,32674,107],{"class":83},[47,32676,32677,32679,32681,32683,32685,32687],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,32678,98],{"class":97},[47,32680,101],{"class":83},[47,32682,32672],{"class":87},[47,32684,3296],{"class":83},[47,32686,1514],{"class":586},[47,32688,3284],{"class":83},[20,32690,338],{},[38,32692,32694],{"className":40,"code":32693,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,32695,32696,32712],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32697,32698,32700,32702,32704,32706,32708,32710],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32699,3296],{"class":83},[47,32701,1449],{"class":586},[47,32703,590],{"class":83},[47,32705,4898],{"class":586},[47,32707,590],{"class":83},[47,32709,1841],{"class":586},[47,32711,3030],{"class":83},[47,32713,32714],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,32715,16458],{"class":586},[20,32717,32718],{},"This is helpful for:",[133,32720,32721,32724,32727],{},[136,32722,32723],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[136,32725,32726],{},"Accessing values by index",[136,32728,32729],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,32731,3321,32732,32734],{},[15,32733,16439],{}," is not the same as a list.",[33,32736,32738,9985,32740,9985,32742],{"id":32737},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,32739,16473],{},[15,32741,16467],{},[15,32743,16480],{},[20,32745,32746],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[133,32748,32749,32754,32759],{},[136,32750,32751,32753],{},[15,32752,16473],{}," returns only the values",[136,32755,32756,32758],{},[15,32757,16467],{}," returns only the keys",[136,32760,32761,32763],{},[15,32762,16480],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,32765,1520],{},[38,32767,32769],{"className":40,"code":32768,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,32770,32771,32807,32811,32825,32839],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32772,32773,32775,32777,32779,32781,32783,32785,32787,32789,32791,32793,32795,32797,32799,32801,32803,32805],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32774,12263],{"class":53},[47,32776,58],{"class":57},[47,32778,9890],{"class":83},[47,32780,253],{"class":61},[47,32782,229],{"class":65},[47,32784,253],{"class":61},[47,32786,1032],{"class":83},[47,32788,62],{"class":61},[47,32790,12280],{"class":65},[47,32792,253],{"class":61},[47,32794,590],{"class":83},[47,32796,62],{"class":61},[47,32798,8697],{"class":65},[47,32800,253],{"class":61},[47,32802,1032],{"class":83},[47,32804,7189],{"class":586},[47,32806,8707],{"class":83},[47,32808,32809],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,32810,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,32812,32813,32815,32817,32819,32821,32823],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,32814,98],{"class":97},[47,32816,101],{"class":83},[47,32818,13027],{"class":87},[47,32820,84],{"class":83},[47,32822,16325],{"class":87},[47,32824,236],{"class":83},[47,32826,32827,32829,32831,32833,32835,32837],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,32828,98],{"class":97},[47,32830,101],{"class":83},[47,32832,13027],{"class":87},[47,32834,84],{"class":83},[47,32836,4758],{"class":87},[47,32838,236],{"class":83},[47,32840,32841,32843,32845,32847,32849,32851],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,32842,98],{"class":97},[47,32844,101],{"class":83},[47,32846,13027],{"class":87},[47,32848,84],{"class":83},[47,32850,7209],{"class":87},[47,32852,236],{"class":83},[20,32854,338],{},[38,32856,32858],{"className":40,"code":32857,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,32859,32860,32882,32900],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32861,32862,32864,32866,32868,32870,32872,32874,32876,32878,32880],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32863,16416],{"class":87},[47,32865,2374],{"class":83},[47,32867,2693],{"class":61},[47,32869,229],{"class":65},[47,32871,2693],{"class":61},[47,32873,590],{"class":83},[47,32875,2688],{"class":61},[47,32877,8697],{"class":65},[47,32879,2693],{"class":61},[47,32881,3284],{"class":83},[47,32883,32884,32886,32888,32890,32892,32894,32896,32898],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,32885,16439],{"class":87},[47,32887,2374],{"class":83},[47,32889,2693],{"class":61},[47,32891,12280],{"class":65},[47,32893,2693],{"class":61},[47,32895,590],{"class":83},[47,32897,7189],{"class":586},[47,32899,3284],{"class":83},[47,32901,32902,32904,32906,32908,32910,32912,32914,32916],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,32903,21310],{"class":87},[47,32905,9056],{"class":83},[47,32907,2693],{"class":61},[47,32909,229],{"class":65},[47,32911,2693],{"class":61},[47,32913,590],{"class":83},[47,32915,7189],{"class":586},[47,32917,10079],{"class":83},[20,32919,18097],{},[133,32921,32922,32929,32936],{},[136,32923,32924,32928],{},[154,32925,32926],{"href":16464},[15,32927,16467],{}," when you need just the keys",[136,32930,32931,32935],{},[154,32932,32933],{"href":16470},[15,32934,16473],{}," when you need just the values",[136,32937,32938,32942],{},[154,32939,32940],{"href":16477},[15,32941,16480],{}," when you need both",[33,32944,3915],{"id":3914},[20,32946,32947,32948,84],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,32949,16473],{},[724,32951,29054,32953,32955],{"id":32952},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,32954,16473],{}," on the wrong type",[20,32957,32958,32960],{},[15,32959,16473],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,32962,737],{},[38,32964,32966],{"className":40,"code":32965,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,32967,32968,32988],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32969,32970,32972,32974,32976,32978,32980,32982,32984,32986],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32971,7706],{"class":53},[47,32973,58],{"class":57},[47,32975,3017],{"class":83},[47,32977,2377],{"class":586},[47,32979,590],{"class":83},[47,32981,2382],{"class":586},[47,32983,590],{"class":83},[47,32985,1841],{"class":586},[47,32987,3030],{"class":83},[47,32989,32990,32992,32994,32996,32998,33000],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,32991,98],{"class":97},[47,32993,101],{"class":83},[47,32995,7737],{"class":87},[47,32997,84],{"class":83},[47,32999,4758],{"class":87},[47,33001,236],{"class":83},[20,33003,33004,33005,894],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33006,16473],{},[20,33008,33009],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[38,33011,33013],{"className":40,"code":33012,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33014,33015],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33016,33017,33019,33021,33023,33025,33027],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33018,98],{"class":97},[47,33020,101],{"class":83},[47,33022,2613],{"class":919},[47,33024,101],{"class":83},[47,33026,7737],{"class":87},[47,33028,1419],{"class":83},[20,33030,33031,33032,33034,33035,84],{},"If you get an ",[15,33033,25075],{},", see ",[154,33036,25083,33037,33039],{"href":25082},[15,33038,25086],{}," errors",[724,33041,3976,33043,33045],{"id":33042},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33044,16473],{}," returns a list",[20,33047,33048],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[38,33050,33052],{"className":40,"code":33051,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33053,33054,33090,33104,33108],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33055,33056,33058,33060,33062,33064,33066,33068,33070,33072,33074,33076,33078,33080,33082,33084,33086,33088],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33057,12263],{"class":53},[47,33059,58],{"class":57},[47,33061,9890],{"class":83},[47,33063,253],{"class":61},[47,33065,229],{"class":65},[47,33067,253],{"class":61},[47,33069,1032],{"class":83},[47,33071,62],{"class":61},[47,33073,12280],{"class":65},[47,33075,253],{"class":61},[47,33077,590],{"class":83},[47,33079,62],{"class":61},[47,33081,8697],{"class":65},[47,33083,253],{"class":61},[47,33085,1032],{"class":83},[47,33087,7189],{"class":586},[47,33089,8707],{"class":83},[47,33091,33092,33094,33096,33098,33100,33102],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,33093,3219],{"class":53},[47,33095,58],{"class":57},[47,33097,12306],{"class":53},[47,33099,84],{"class":83},[47,33101,4758],{"class":87},[47,33103,91],{"class":83},[47,33105,33106],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,33107,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,33109,33110,33112,33114,33116,33118,33120],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,33111,98],{"class":97},[47,33113,101],{"class":83},[47,33115,2613],{"class":919},[47,33117,101],{"class":83},[47,33119,4758],{"class":87},[47,33121,1419],{"class":83},[20,33123,338],{},[38,33125,33127],{"className":40,"code":33126,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33128,33129],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33130,33131,33133,33135,33137,33139,33141],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33132,2682],{"class":57},[47,33134,2685],{"class":1458},[47,33136,2688],{"class":61},[47,33138,16439],{"class":65},[47,33140,2693],{"class":61},[47,33142,2696],{"class":57},[20,33144,4546,33145,33147],{},[15,33146,16439],{},", not a list.",[20,33149,33150],{},"If you need a list:",[38,33152,33154],{"className":40,"code":33153,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33155,33156],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33157,33158,33160,33162,33164,33166,33168,33170,33172],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33159,3219],{"class":53},[47,33161,58],{"class":57},[47,33163,21962],{"class":919},[47,33165,101],{"class":83},[47,33167,13027],{"class":87},[47,33169,84],{"class":83},[47,33171,4758],{"class":87},[47,33173,236],{"class":83},[724,33175,33177,33178],{"id":33176},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33179,16439],{},[20,33181,33182],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[38,33184,33186],{"className":40,"code":33185,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33187,33188,33224,33238,33242],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33189,33190,33192,33194,33196,33198,33200,33202,33204,33206,33208,33210,33212,33214,33216,33218,33220,33222],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33191,12263],{"class":53},[47,33193,58],{"class":57},[47,33195,9890],{"class":83},[47,33197,253],{"class":61},[47,33199,229],{"class":65},[47,33201,253],{"class":61},[47,33203,1032],{"class":83},[47,33205,62],{"class":61},[47,33207,12280],{"class":65},[47,33209,253],{"class":61},[47,33211,590],{"class":83},[47,33213,62],{"class":61},[47,33215,8697],{"class":65},[47,33217,253],{"class":61},[47,33219,1032],{"class":83},[47,33221,7189],{"class":586},[47,33223,8707],{"class":83},[47,33225,33226,33228,33230,33232,33234,33236],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,33227,3219],{"class":53},[47,33229,58],{"class":57},[47,33231,12306],{"class":53},[47,33233,84],{"class":83},[47,33235,4758],{"class":87},[47,33237,91],{"class":83},[47,33239,33240],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,33241,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,33243,33244],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,33245,33246],{"class":113},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33248,33249],{},"Convert to a list first:",[38,33251,33253],{"className":40,"code":33252,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33254,33255,33291,33309,33313],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33256,33257,33259,33261,33263,33265,33267,33269,33271,33273,33275,33277,33279,33281,33283,33285,33287,33289],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33258,12263],{"class":53},[47,33260,58],{"class":57},[47,33262,9890],{"class":83},[47,33264,253],{"class":61},[47,33266,229],{"class":65},[47,33268,253],{"class":61},[47,33270,1032],{"class":83},[47,33272,62],{"class":61},[47,33274,12280],{"class":65},[47,33276,253],{"class":61},[47,33278,590],{"class":83},[47,33280,62],{"class":61},[47,33282,8697],{"class":65},[47,33284,253],{"class":61},[47,33286,1032],{"class":83},[47,33288,7189],{"class":586},[47,33290,8707],{"class":83},[47,33292,33293,33295,33297,33299,33301,33303,33305,33307],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,33294,3219],{"class":53},[47,33296,58],{"class":57},[47,33298,21962],{"class":919},[47,33300,101],{"class":83},[47,33302,13027],{"class":87},[47,33304,84],{"class":83},[47,33306,4758],{"class":87},[47,33308,236],{"class":83},[47,33310,33311],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,33312,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,33314,33315,33317,33319,33321,33323,33325],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,33316,98],{"class":97},[47,33318,101],{"class":83},[47,33320,4758],{"class":87},[47,33322,3296],{"class":83},[47,33324,1514],{"class":586},[47,33326,3284],{"class":83},[724,33328,7816,33330,10492,33332],{"id":33329},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,33331,4758],{},[15,33333,16473],{},[20,33335,33336],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[38,33338,33340],{"className":40,"code":33339,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,33341,33342,33378,33382],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33343,33344,33346,33348,33350,33352,33354,33356,33358,33360,33362,33364,33366,33368,33370,33372,33374,33376],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33345,12263],{"class":53},[47,33347,58],{"class":57},[47,33349,9890],{"class":83},[47,33351,253],{"class":61},[47,33353,229],{"class":65},[47,33355,253],{"class":61},[47,33357,1032],{"class":83},[47,33359,62],{"class":61},[47,33361,12280],{"class":65},[47,33363,253],{"class":61},[47,33365,590],{"class":83},[47,33367,62],{"class":61},[47,33369,8697],{"class":65},[47,33371,253],{"class":61},[47,33373,1032],{"class":83},[47,33375,7189],{"class":586},[47,33377,8707],{"class":83},[47,33379,33380],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,33381,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,33383,33384,33386,33388,33390,33392,33394],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,33385,98],{"class":97},[47,33387,101],{"class":83},[47,33389,13027],{"class":87},[47,33391,84],{"class":83},[47,33393,4758],{"class":24153},[47,33395,107],{"class":83},[20,33397,33398,33401],{},[15,33399,33400],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,33403,18097],{},[38,33405,33407],{"className":40,"code":33406,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(student.values())\n",[15,33408,33409],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33410,33411,33413,33415,33417,33419,33421],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33412,98],{"class":97},[47,33414,101],{"class":83},[47,33416,13027],{"class":87},[47,33418,84],{"class":83},[47,33420,4758],{"class":87},[47,33422,236],{"class":83},[724,33424,33426],{"id":33425},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,33428,33429],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[38,33431,33433],{"className":40,"code":33432,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,33434,33435,33467],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33436,33437,33439,33441,33443,33445,33447,33449,33451,33453,33455,33457,33459,33461,33463,33465],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33438,8563],{"class":53},[47,33440,58],{"class":57},[47,33442,9890],{"class":83},[47,33444,253],{"class":61},[47,33446,154],{"class":65},[47,33448,253],{"class":61},[47,33450,1032],{"class":83},[47,33452,4898],{"class":586},[47,33454,590],{"class":83},[47,33456,62],{"class":61},[47,33458,4158],{"class":65},[47,33460,253],{"class":61},[47,33462,1032],{"class":83},[47,33464,2382],{"class":586},[47,33466,8707],{"class":83},[47,33468,33469,33471,33473,33475,33477,33479],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,33470,98],{"class":97},[47,33472,101],{"class":83},[47,33474,8602],{"class":87},[47,33476,84],{"class":83},[47,33478,4758],{"class":87},[47,33480,236],{"class":83},[20,33482,33483],{},"Not like this:",[38,33485,33487],{"className":40,"code":33486,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,33488,33489,33494,33499],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33490,33491],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33492,33493],{"class":113},"# Wrong examples:\n",[47,33495,33496],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,33497,33498],{"class":113},"# data().values()\n",[47,33500,33501],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,33502,33503],{"class":113},"# values(data)\n",[20,33505,2733],{},[38,33507,33509],{"className":40,"code":33508,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,33510,33511,33525,33535,33549],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33512,33513,33515,33517,33519,33521,33523],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33514,98],{"class":97},[47,33516,101],{"class":83},[47,33518,2613],{"class":919},[47,33520,101],{"class":83},[47,33522,10850],{"class":87},[47,33524,1419],{"class":83},[47,33526,33527,33529,33531,33533],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,33528,98],{"class":97},[47,33530,101],{"class":83},[47,33532,10850],{"class":87},[47,33534,107],{"class":83},[47,33536,33537,33539,33541,33543,33545,33547],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,33538,98],{"class":97},[47,33540,101],{"class":83},[47,33542,10850],{"class":87},[47,33544,84],{"class":83},[47,33546,4758],{"class":87},[47,33548,236],{"class":83},[47,33550,33551,33553,33555,33557,33559,33561,33563,33565],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,33552,98],{"class":97},[47,33554,101],{"class":83},[47,33556,7492],{"class":919},[47,33558,101],{"class":83},[47,33560,10850],{"class":87},[47,33562,84],{"class":83},[47,33564,4758],{"class":87},[47,33566,5690],{"class":83},[33,33568,1155],{"id":1154},[724,33570,4540,33572,4543],{"id":33571},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,33573,31726],{},[20,33575,16824,33576,33578],{},[15,33577,16439],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[724,33580,1159,33582,23334],{"id":33581},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,33583,16473],{},[20,33585,23337,33586,23341],{},[15,33587,33588],{},"list(...)",[724,33590,25460,33592,1883],{"id":33591},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,33593,31726],{},[20,33595,33596,33597,25468],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,33598,5359],{},[724,33600,1159,33602,33604],{"id":33601},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,33603,31726],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,33606,33607],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[724,33609,33611,33612,33614,33615,1883],{"id":33610},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,33613,16473],{}," different from ",[15,33616,16480],{},[20,33618,33619,33621,33622,33624],{},[15,33620,16473],{}," returns only values. ",[15,33623,16480],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[33,33626,1275],{"id":1274},[133,33628,33629,33635,33641,33645,33651,33655],{},[136,33630,33631],{},[154,33632,10137,33633,1289],{"href":16464},[15,33634,16467],{},[136,33636,33637],{},[154,33638,10137,33639,1289],{"href":16477},[15,33640,16480],{},[136,33642,33643],{},[154,33644,10643],{"href":8789},[136,33646,33647],{},[154,33648,33650],{"href":33649},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[136,33652,33653],{},[154,33654,23419],{"href":32575},[136,33656,33657],{},[154,33658,29752,33659],{"href":25082},[15,33660,33661],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1320,33663,33664],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":33666},[33667,33668,33670,33671,33673,33674,33675,33676,33678,33689,33701],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":31896,"depth":72,"text":33669},"What values() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":31966,"depth":72,"text":33672},"What values() returns",{"id":267,"depth":72,"text":268},{"id":32445,"depth":72,"text":32446},{"id":32578,"depth":72,"text":32579},{"id":32737,"depth":72,"text":33677},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":3914,"depth":72,"text":3915,"children":33679},[33680,33682,33684,33686,33688],{"id":32952,"depth":94,"text":33681},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33042,"depth":94,"text":33683},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33176,"depth":94,"text":33685},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33329,"depth":94,"text":33687},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33425,"depth":94,"text":33426},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":33690},[33691,33693,33695,33697,33699],{"id":33571,"depth":94,"text":33692},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":33581,"depth":94,"text":33694},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":33591,"depth":94,"text":33696},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":33601,"depth":94,"text":33698},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":33610,"depth":94,"text":33700},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":31713,"description":33702},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":33708,"title":33709,"body":33710,"description":35137,"extension":1354,"meta":35138,"navigation":311,"path":35139,"seo":35140,"stem":35141,"__hash__":35142},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":33711,"toc":35089},[33712,33718,33723,33726,33742,33751,33753,33785,33791,33794,33887,33890,33895,33900,33903,33914,33916,33930,33936,33938,33943,33949,33952,33991,33999,34004,34007,34052,34055,34067,34073,34079,34083,34114,34117,34135,34138,34142,34181,34183,34203,34206,34218,34223,34229,34232,34287,34290,34301,34304,34315,34318,34322,34328,34330,34360,34363,34378,34381,34384,34403,34406,34422,34431,34433,34464,34470,34475,34478,34485,34516,34519,34541,34544,34547,34561,34565,34596,34611,34618,34625,34629,34637,34641,34649,34652,34701,34712,34714,34717,34723,34728,34738,34742,34745,34748,34752,34755,34757,34778,34782,34788,34799,34805,34807,34813,34837,34840,34903,34906,34934,34937,34999,35001,35006,35009,35016,35024,35031,35034,35042,35048,35050,35077,35086],[10,33713,2968,33715,2972],{"id":33714},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,33716,33717],{},"dir()",[20,33719,31723,33720,33722],{},[15,33721,33717],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,33724,33725],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[133,33727,33728,33731,33734,33739],{},[136,33729,33730],{},"learning Python",[136,33732,33733],{},"exploring a new object",[136,33735,33736,33737],{},"debugging an ",[15,33738,25075],{},[136,33740,33741],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,33743,33744,33745,33747,33748],{},"In short, ",[15,33746,33717],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[121,33749,33750],{},"“What can I use here?”",[33,33752,36],{"id":35},[38,33754,33756],{"className":40,"code":33755,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,33757,33758,33770],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33759,33760,33762,33764,33766,33768],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33761,212],{"class":53},[47,33763,58],{"class":57},[47,33765,62],{"class":61},[47,33767,256],{"class":65},[47,33769,69],{"class":61},[47,33771,33772,33774,33776,33779,33781,33783],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,33773,98],{"class":97},[47,33775,101],{"class":83},[47,33777,33778],{"class":97},"dir",[47,33780,101],{"class":83},[47,33782,229],{"class":87},[47,33784,1419],{"class":83},[20,33786,1486,33787,33790],{},[15,33788,33789],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,33792,33793],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[38,33795,33797],{"className":40,"code":33796,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,33798,33799],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33800,33801,33803,33805,33808,33810,33812,33814,33817,33819,33821,33823,33826,33828,33830,33832,33835,33837,33839,33841,33844,33846,33848,33850,33853,33855,33857,33860,33862,33864,33866,33868,33870,33872,33875,33877,33879,33881,33883,33885],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33802,3296],{"class":83},[47,33804,2693],{"class":61},[47,33806,33807],{"class":65},"__add__",[47,33809,2693],{"class":61},[47,33811,590],{"class":83},[47,33813,2688],{"class":61},[47,33815,33816],{"class":65},"__class__",[47,33818,2693],{"class":61},[47,33820,590],{"class":83},[47,33822,2688],{"class":61},[47,33824,33825],{"class":65},"__contains__",[47,33827,2693],{"class":61},[47,33829,590],{"class":83},[47,33831,2688],{"class":61},[47,33833,33834],{"class":65},"__delattr__",[47,33836,2693],{"class":61},[47,33838,590],{"class":83},[47,33840,2688],{"class":61},[47,33842,33843],{"class":65},"__dir__",[47,33845,2693],{"class":61},[47,33847,590],{"class":83},[47,33849,2688],{"class":61},[47,33851,33852],{"class":65},"__doc__",[47,33854,2693],{"class":61},[47,33856,590],{"class":83},[47,33858,33859],{"class":353}," ...",[47,33861,590],{"class":83},[47,33863,2688],{"class":61},[47,33865,8038],{"class":65},[47,33867,2693],{"class":61},[47,33869,590],{"class":83},[47,33871,2688],{"class":61},[47,33873,33874],{"class":65},"split",[47,33876,2693],{"class":61},[47,33878,590],{"class":83},[47,33880,2688],{"class":61},[47,33882,88],{"class":65},[47,33884,2693],{"class":61},[47,33886,3030],{"class":83},[20,33888,33889],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[33,33891,128,33893,131],{"id":33892},"what-dir-does",[15,33894,33717],{},[20,33896,33897,33899],{},[15,33898,33717],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,33901,33902],{},"It usually includes:",[133,33904,33905,33908,33911],{},[136,33906,33907],{},"attributes",[136,33909,33910],{},"methods",[136,33912,33913],{},"special Python names",[20,33915,188],{},[133,33917,33918,33924,33927],{},[136,33919,33920,33921],{},"The result is a ",[121,33922,33923],{},"list of strings",[136,33925,33926],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[136,33928,33929],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,33931,33932,33933,33935],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,33934,33717],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[33,33937,166],{"id":165},[20,33939,33940,33942],{},[15,33941,33717],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[724,33944,33946,33948],{"id":33945},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,33947,33717],{}," with no argument",[20,33950,33951],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[38,33953,33955],{"className":40,"code":33954,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,33956,33957,33965,33977,33981],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33958,33959,33961,33963],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33960,2415],{"class":53},[47,33962,58],{"class":57},[47,33964,1976],{"class":586},[47,33966,33967,33969,33971,33973,33975],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,33968,212],{"class":53},[47,33970,58],{"class":57},[47,33972,62],{"class":61},[47,33974,7075],{"class":65},[47,33976,69],{"class":61},[47,33978,33979],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,33980,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,33982,33983,33985,33987,33989],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,33984,98],{"class":97},[47,33986,101],{"class":83},[47,33988,33778],{"class":97},[47,33990,236],{"class":83},[20,33992,33993,33994,1063,33996,33998],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,33995,1567],{},[15,33997,229],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[724,34000,34002],{"id":34001},"dirobject",[15,34003,33789],{},[20,34005,34006],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[38,34008,34010],{"className":40,"code":34009,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34011,34012,34030],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34013,34014,34016,34018,34020,34022,34024,34026,34028],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34015,98],{"class":97},[47,34017,101],{"class":83},[47,34019,33778],{"class":97},[47,34021,101],{"class":83},[47,34023,253],{"class":61},[47,34025,256],{"class":65},[47,34027,253],{"class":61},[47,34029,1419],{"class":83},[47,34031,34032,34034,34036,34038,34040,34042,34044,34046,34048,34050],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,34033,98],{"class":97},[47,34035,101],{"class":83},[47,34037,33778],{"class":97},[47,34039,2374],{"class":83},[47,34041,2377],{"class":586},[47,34043,590],{"class":83},[47,34045,2382],{"class":586},[47,34047,590],{"class":83},[47,34049,1841],{"class":586},[47,34051,2389],{"class":83},[20,34053,34054],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[133,34056,34057,34059,34061,34064],{},[136,34058,4708],{},[136,34060,4699],{},[136,34062,34063],{},"modules",[136,34065,34066],{},"custom objects",[33,34068,7816,34070,34072],{"id":34069},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34071,33717],{}," with a value",[20,34074,34075,34076,34078],{},"A common use of ",[15,34077,33717],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[724,34080,34082],{"id":34081},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[38,34084,34086],{"className":40,"code":34085,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34087,34088,34100],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34089,34090,34092,34094,34096,34098],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34091,54],{"class":53},[47,34093,58],{"class":57},[47,34095,62],{"class":61},[47,34097,256],{"class":65},[47,34099,69],{"class":61},[47,34101,34102,34104,34106,34108,34110,34112],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,34103,98],{"class":97},[47,34105,101],{"class":83},[47,34107,33778],{"class":97},[47,34109,101],{"class":83},[47,34111,565],{"class":87},[47,34113,1419],{"class":83},[20,34115,34116],{},"You will see method names like:",[133,34118,34119,34123,34127,34131],{},[136,34120,34121],{},[15,34122,8038],{},[136,34124,34125],{},[15,34126,88],{},[136,34128,34129],{},[15,34130,33874],{},[136,34132,34133],{},[15,34134,1105],{},[20,34136,34137],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[724,34139,34141],{"id":34140},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[38,34143,34145],{"className":40,"code":34144,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34146,34147,34167],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34148,34149,34151,34153,34155,34157,34159,34161,34163,34165],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34150,3012],{"class":53},[47,34152,58],{"class":57},[47,34154,3017],{"class":83},[47,34156,2377],{"class":586},[47,34158,590],{"class":83},[47,34160,2382],{"class":586},[47,34162,590],{"class":83},[47,34164,1841],{"class":586},[47,34166,3030],{"class":83},[47,34168,34169,34171,34173,34175,34177,34179],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,34170,98],{"class":97},[47,34172,101],{"class":83},[47,34174,33778],{"class":97},[47,34176,101],{"class":83},[47,34178,3044],{"class":87},[47,34180,1419],{"class":83},[20,34182,34116],{},[133,34184,34185,34189,34193,34198],{},[136,34186,34187],{},[15,34188,12954],{},[136,34190,34191],{},[15,34192,25645],{},[136,34194,34195],{},[15,34196,34197],{},"remove",[136,34199,34200],{},[15,34201,34202],{},"sort",[20,34204,34205],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34207,34208,34209,34214,34215,34217],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[154,34210,34212],{"href":34211},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34213,1690],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34216,33717],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[33,34219,7816,34221,33948],{"id":34220},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34222,33717],{},[20,34224,34225,34226,34228],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34227,33717],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34230,34231],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[38,34233,34235],{"className":40,"code":34234,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34236,34237,34246,34250,34261,34273,34277],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34238,34239,34241,34243],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34240,2415],{"class":53},[47,34242,58],{"class":57},[47,34244,34245],{"class":586}," 5\n",[47,34247,34248],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,34249,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,34251,34252,34255,34259],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,34253,34254],{"class":1458},"def",[47,34256,34258],{"class":34257},"sGLFI"," greet",[47,34260,20997],{"class":83},[47,34262,34263,34266,34268,34271],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,34264,34265],{"class":655},"    return",[47,34267,62],{"class":61},[47,34269,34270],{"class":65},"Hello",[47,34272,69],{"class":61},[47,34274,34275],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,34276,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,34278,34279,34281,34283,34285],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,34280,98],{"class":97},[47,34282,101],{"class":83},[47,34284,33778],{"class":97},[47,34286,236],{"class":83},[20,34288,34289],{},"The output will include names like:",[133,34291,34292,34296],{},[136,34293,34294],{},[15,34295,1567],{},[136,34297,34298],{},[15,34299,34300],{},"greet",[20,34302,34303],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[133,34305,34306,34309,34312],{},[136,34307,34308],{},"what variables exist",[136,34310,34311],{},"what functions you have defined",[136,34313,34314],{},"what names are currently available",[20,34316,34317],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[33,34319,34321],{"id":34320},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,34323,34324,34325,34327],{},"When you first use ",[15,34326,33717],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,34329,538],{},[38,34331,34332],{"className":40,"code":34085,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,34333,34334,34346],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34335,34336,34338,34340,34342,34344],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34337,54],{"class":53},[47,34339,58],{"class":57},[47,34341,62],{"class":61},[47,34343,256],{"class":65},[47,34345,69],{"class":61},[47,34347,34348,34350,34352,34354,34356,34358],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,34349,98],{"class":97},[47,34351,101],{"class":83},[47,34353,33778],{"class":97},[47,34355,101],{"class":83},[47,34357,565],{"class":87},[47,34359,1419],{"class":83},[20,34361,34362],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[133,34364,34365,34369,34373],{},[136,34366,34367],{},[15,34368,33816],{},[136,34370,34371],{},[15,34372,33852],{},[136,34374,34375],{},[15,34376,34377],{},"__len__",[20,34379,34380],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,34382,34383],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[133,34385,34386,34390,34394,34398],{},[136,34387,34388],{},[15,34389,88],{},[136,34391,34392],{},[15,34393,8038],{},[136,34395,34396],{},[15,34397,33874],{},[136,34399,34400],{},[15,34401,34402],{},"replace",[20,34404,34405],{},"A key point to remember:",[133,34407,34408,34416],{},[136,34409,34410,34412,34413],{},[15,34411,33717],{}," lists ",[121,34414,34415],{},"names only",[136,34417,34418,34419,34421],{},"it does ",[121,34420,123],{}," explain what each name does",[20,34423,34424,34425,84],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[154,34426,34428],{"href":34427},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,34429,34430],{},"help()",[20,34432,4872],{},[38,34434,34436],{"className":40,"code":34435,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34437,34438,34450],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34439,34440,34442,34444,34446,34448],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34441,212],{"class":53},[47,34443,58],{"class":57},[47,34445,62],{"class":61},[47,34447,256],{"class":65},[47,34449,69],{"class":61},[47,34451,34452,34454,34456,34458,34460,34462],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,34453,31558],{"class":97},[47,34455,101],{"class":83},[47,34457,229],{"class":87},[47,34459,84],{"class":83},[47,34461,88],{"class":24153},[47,34463,107],{"class":83},[33,34465,34467,34469],{"id":34466},"dir-on-modules",[15,34468,33717],{}," on modules",[20,34471,15117,34472,34474],{},[15,34473,33717],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,34476,34477],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[724,34479,34481,34482,34484],{"id":34480},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,34483,17819],{}," module",[38,34486,34488],{"className":40,"code":34487,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,34489,34490,34498,34502],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34491,34492,34495],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34493,34494],{"class":655},"import",[47,34496,34497],{"class":53}," math\n",[47,34499,34500],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,34501,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,34503,34504,34506,34508,34510,34512,34514],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,34505,98],{"class":97},[47,34507,101],{"class":83},[47,34509,33778],{"class":97},[47,34511,101],{"class":83},[47,34513,17819],{"class":87},[47,34515,1419],{"class":83},[20,34517,34518],{},"You may see names like:",[133,34520,34521,34526,34531,34536],{},[136,34522,34523],{},[15,34524,34525],{},"sqrt",[136,34527,34528],{},[15,34529,34530],{},"ceil",[136,34532,34533],{},[15,34534,34535],{},"floor",[136,34537,34538],{},[15,34539,34540],{},"pi",[20,34542,34543],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,34545,34546],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[133,34548,34549,34555],{},[136,34550,34551],{},[154,34552,34554],{"href":34553},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[136,34556,34557],{},[154,34558,34560],{"href":34559},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[724,34562,34564],{"id":34563},"another-example","Another example",[38,34566,34568],{"className":40,"code":34567,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,34569,34570,34577,34581],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34571,34572,34574],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34573,34494],{"class":655},[47,34575,34576],{"class":53}," json\n",[47,34578,34579],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,34580,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,34582,34583,34585,34587,34589,34591,34594],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,34584,98],{"class":97},[47,34586,101],{"class":83},[47,34588,33778],{"class":97},[47,34590,101],{"class":83},[47,34592,34593],{"class":87},"json",[47,34595,1419],{"class":83},[20,34597,34598,34599,712,34602,712,34605,16474,34608,84],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,34600,34601],{},"dump",[15,34603,34604],{},"dumps",[15,34606,34607],{},"load",[15,34609,34610],{},"loads",[33,34612,34614,9985,34616],{"id":34613},"dir-vs-help",[15,34615,33717],{},[15,34617,34430],{},[20,34619,34620,1063,34622,34624],{},[15,34621,33717],{},[15,34623,34430],{}," are often used together.",[724,34626,34627],{"id":33778},[15,34628,33717],{},[133,34630,34631,34634],{},[136,34632,34633],{},"shows available names",[136,34635,34636],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[724,34638,34639],{"id":31558},[15,34640,34430],{},[133,34642,34643,34646],{},[136,34644,34645],{},"explains what an object or function does",[136,34647,34648],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,34650,34651],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[38,34653,34655],{"className":40,"code":34654,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34656,34657,34669,34673,34687],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34658,34659,34661,34663,34665,34667],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34660,212],{"class":53},[47,34662,58],{"class":57},[47,34664,62],{"class":61},[47,34666,256],{"class":65},[47,34668,69],{"class":61},[47,34670,34671],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,34672,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,34674,34675,34677,34679,34681,34683,34685],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,34676,98],{"class":97},[47,34678,101],{"class":83},[47,34680,33778],{"class":97},[47,34682,101],{"class":83},[47,34684,229],{"class":87},[47,34686,1419],{"class":83},[47,34688,34689,34691,34693,34695,34697,34699],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,34690,31558],{"class":97},[47,34692,101],{"class":83},[47,34694,229],{"class":87},[47,34696,84],{"class":83},[47,34698,88],{"class":24153},[47,34700,107],{"class":83},[20,34702,1486,34703,34705,34706,34708,34709,34711],{},[15,34704,33717],{}," first to find a method name.",[9245,34707],{},"\nThen use ",[15,34710,34430],{}," to understand how to use it.",[33,34713,24761],{"id":24760},[20,34715,34716],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[724,34718,34720,34722],{"id":34719},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,34721,33717],{}," returns names, not values",[20,34724,34725,34727],{},[15,34726,33717],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,34729,34730,34731,34733,34734,34737],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,34732,88],{}," in ",[15,34735,34736],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[724,34739,34741],{"id":34740},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,34743,34744],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,34746,34747],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[724,34749,34751],{"id":34750},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,34753,34754],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,34756,4872],{},[133,34758,34759,34764,34770],{},[136,34760,34761,34763],{},[15,34762,34736],{}," shows string-related names",[136,34765,34766,34769],{},[15,34767,34768],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[136,34771,34772,34775,34776,34484],{},[15,34773,34774],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,34777,17819],{},[724,34779,34781],{"id":34780},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,34783,34784,34785,34787],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,34786,33717],{}," does not mean you already know:",[133,34789,34790,34793,34796],{},[136,34791,34792],{},"what it does",[136,34794,34795],{},"what arguments it needs",[136,34797,34798],{},"what it returns",[20,34800,34801,34802,34804],{},"That is why ",[15,34803,34430],{}," is the natural next step.",[33,34806,722],{"id":721},[20,34808,34809,34810,34812],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,34811,33717],{}," in these situations:",[133,34814,34815,34818,34827,34830],{},[136,34816,34817],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[136,34819,34820,34821,34826],{},"Seeing an ",[154,34822,34824],{"href":34823},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,34825,25075],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[136,34828,34829],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[136,34831,7816,34832,34834,34835],{},[15,34833,33717],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,34836,34430],{},[20,34838,34839],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[38,34841,34843],{"className":40,"code":34842,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34844,34845,34857,34861,34875,34889],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34846,34847,34849,34851,34853,34855],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34848,212],{"class":53},[47,34850,58],{"class":57},[47,34852,62],{"class":61},[47,34854,256],{"class":65},[47,34856,69],{"class":61},[47,34858,34859],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,34860,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,34862,34863,34865,34867,34869,34871,34873],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,34864,98],{"class":97},[47,34866,101],{"class":83},[47,34868,2613],{"class":919},[47,34870,101],{"class":83},[47,34872,229],{"class":87},[47,34874,1419],{"class":83},[47,34876,34877,34879,34881,34883,34885,34887],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,34878,98],{"class":97},[47,34880,101],{"class":83},[47,34882,33778],{"class":97},[47,34884,101],{"class":83},[47,34886,229],{"class":87},[47,34888,1419],{"class":83},[47,34890,34891,34893,34895,34897,34899,34901],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,34892,31558],{"class":97},[47,34894,101],{"class":83},[47,34896,229],{"class":87},[47,34898,84],{"class":83},[47,34900,88],{"class":24153},[47,34902,107],{"class":83},[20,34904,34905],{},"And for modules:",[38,34907,34908],{"className":40,"code":34487,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,34909,34910,34916,34920],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34911,34912,34914],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34913,34494],{"class":655},[47,34915,34497],{"class":53},[47,34917,34918],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,34919,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,34921,34922,34924,34926,34928,34930,34932],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,34923,98],{"class":97},[47,34925,101],{"class":83},[47,34927,33778],{"class":97},[47,34929,101],{"class":83},[47,34931,17819],{"class":87},[47,34933,1419],{"class":83},[20,34935,34936],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[38,34938,34940],{"className":40,"code":34939,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,34941,34942,34947,34959,34969,34983,34989],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34943,34944],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34945,34946],{"class":53},"python\n",[47,34948,34949,34951,34953,34955,34957],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,34950,212],{"class":53},[47,34952,58],{"class":57},[47,34954,62],{"class":61},[47,34956,256],{"class":65},[47,34958,69],{"class":61},[47,34960,34961,34963,34965,34967],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,34962,33778],{"class":97},[47,34964,101],{"class":83},[47,34966,229],{"class":87},[47,34968,107],{"class":83},[47,34970,34971,34973,34975,34977,34979,34981],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,34972,31558],{"class":97},[47,34974,101],{"class":83},[47,34976,229],{"class":87},[47,34978,84],{"class":83},[47,34980,88],{"class":24153},[47,34982,107],{"class":83},[47,34984,34985,34987],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,34986,34494],{"class":655},[47,34988,34497],{"class":53},[47,34990,34991,34993,34995,34997],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,34992,33778],{"class":97},[47,34994,101],{"class":83},[47,34996,17819],{"class":87},[47,34998,107],{"class":83},[33,35000,1155],{"id":1154},[724,35002,4540,35004,4543],{"id":35003},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35005,33717],{},[20,35007,35008],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[724,35010,4578,35012,1063,35014,1883],{"id":35011},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35013,33717],{},[15,35015,34430],{},[20,35017,35018,35020,35021,35023],{},[15,35019,33717],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35022,34430],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[724,35025,35027,35028,35030],{"id":35026},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35029,33717],{}," output?",[20,35032,35033],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[724,35035,4568,35037,35039,35040,1883],{"id":35036},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35038,33717],{}," help fix ",[15,35041,25075],{},[20,35043,35044,35045,84],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[154,35046,35047],{"href":34823},"object has no attribute",[33,35049,1275],{"id":1274},[133,35051,35052,35058,35063,35067,35071],{},[136,35053,35054],{},[154,35055,2968,35056,2901],{"href":34427},[15,35057,34430],{},[136,35059,35060],{},[154,35061,35062],{"href":34823},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[136,35064,35065],{},[154,35066,34554],{"href":34553},[136,35068,35069],{},[154,35070,34560],{"href":34559},[136,35072,35073],{},[154,35074,2968,35075,2901],{"href":34211},[15,35076,1690],{},[20,35078,35079,35080,35082,35083,35085],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35081,33717],{}," together with ",[15,35084,34430],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1320,35087,35088],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":35090},[35091,35092,35094,35099,35104,35106,35107,35113,35118,35125,35126,35136],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":33892,"depth":72,"text":35093},"What dir() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166,"children":35095},[35096,35098],{"id":33945,"depth":94,"text":35097},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34001,"depth":94,"text":33789},{"id":34069,"depth":72,"text":35100,"children":35101},"Using dir() with a value",[35102,35103],{"id":34081,"depth":94,"text":34082},{"id":34140,"depth":94,"text":34141},{"id":34220,"depth":72,"text":35105},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34320,"depth":72,"text":34321},{"id":34466,"depth":72,"text":35108,"children":35109},"dir() on modules",[35110,35112],{"id":34480,"depth":94,"text":35111},"Example: math module",{"id":34563,"depth":94,"text":34564},{"id":34613,"depth":72,"text":35114,"children":35115},"dir() vs help()",[35116,35117],{"id":33778,"depth":94,"text":33717},{"id":31558,"depth":94,"text":34430},{"id":24760,"depth":72,"text":24761,"children":35119},[35120,35122,35123,35124],{"id":34719,"depth":94,"text":35121},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":34740,"depth":94,"text":34741},{"id":34750,"depth":94,"text":34751},{"id":34780,"depth":94,"text":34781},{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":35127},[35128,35130,35132,35134],{"id":35003,"depth":94,"text":35129},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35011,"depth":94,"text":35131},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35026,"depth":94,"text":35133},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35036,"depth":94,"text":35135},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":33709,"description":35137},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35144,"title":35145,"body":35146,"description":36964,"extension":1354,"meta":36965,"navigation":311,"path":36966,"seo":36967,"stem":36968,"__hash__":36969},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35147,"toc":36933},[35148,35154,35159,35162,35170,35176,35178,35258,35260,35286,35291,35296,35301,35304,35315,35318,35320,35398,35400,35426,35433,35435,35437,35462,35465,35478,35483,35485,35566,35568,35594,35603,35608,35616,35622,35629,35632,35634,35713,35716,35773,35775,35812,35818,35823,35828,35831,35845,35847,35950,35952,35995,36004,36014,36021,36027,36034,36117,36119,36142,36145,36148,36150,36154,36158,36161,36224,36247,36250,36254,36260,36262,36329,36332,36409,36414,36420,36423,36426,36472,36474,36498,36503,36507,36512,36518,36581,36584,36586,36589,36613,36616,36751,36753,36854,36856,36861,36864,36870,36880,36888,36893,36899,36905,36907,36930],[10,35149,2968,35151,2972],{"id":35150},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35152,35153],{},"enumerate()",[20,35155,35156,35158],{},[15,35157,35153],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35160,35161],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[133,35163,35164,35167],{},[136,35165,35166],{},"the item itself",[136,35168,35169],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35171,35172,35173,35175],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35174,35153],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[33,35177,36],{"id":35},[38,35179,35181],{"className":40,"code":35180,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35182,35183,35215,35219,35242],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35184,35185,35187,35189,35191,35193,35195,35197,35199,35201,35203,35205,35207,35209,35211,35213],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35186,12476],{"class":53},[47,35188,58],{"class":57},[47,35190,3017],{"class":83},[47,35192,253],{"class":61},[47,35194,12493],{"class":65},[47,35196,253],{"class":61},[47,35198,590],{"class":83},[47,35200,62],{"class":61},[47,35202,16858],{"class":65},[47,35204,253],{"class":61},[47,35206,590],{"class":83},[47,35208,62],{"class":61},[47,35210,12510],{"class":65},[47,35212,253],{"class":61},[47,35214,3030],{"class":83},[47,35216,35217],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,35218,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,35220,35221,35223,35226,35228,35231,35233,35236,35238,35240],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,35222,5359],{"class":655},[47,35224,35225],{"class":53}," index",[47,35227,590],{"class":83},[47,35229,35230],{"class":53}," color ",[47,35232,3278],{"class":655},[47,35234,35235],{"class":97}," enumerate",[47,35237,101],{"class":83},[47,35239,16905],{"class":87},[47,35241,7740],{"class":83},[47,35243,35244,35246,35248,35251,35253,35256],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,35245,684],{"class":97},[47,35247,101],{"class":83},[47,35249,35250],{"class":87},"index",[47,35252,590],{"class":83},[47,35254,35255],{"class":87}," color",[47,35257,107],{"class":83},[20,35259,338],{},[38,35261,35263],{"className":40,"code":35262,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35264,35265,35272,35279],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35266,35267,35269],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35268,1514],{"class":586},[47,35270,35271],{"class":53}," red\n",[47,35273,35274,35276],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,35275,2377],{"class":586},[47,35277,35278],{"class":53}," green\n",[47,35280,35281,35283],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,35282,1449],{"class":586},[47,35284,35285],{"class":53}," blue\n",[20,35287,1486,35288,35290],{},[15,35289,35153],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[33,35292,128,35294,131],{"id":35293},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35295,35153],{},[20,35297,35298,35300],{},[15,35299,35153],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,35302,35303],{},"It is commonly used with:",[133,35305,35306,35308,35310,35312],{},[136,35307,4699],{},[136,35309,4702],{},[136,35311,4708],{},[136,35313,35314],{},"other iterable objects",[20,35316,35317],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,35319,538],{},[38,35321,35323],{"className":40,"code":35322,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,35324,35325,35359,35363,35384],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35326,35327,35329,35331,35333,35335,35337,35339,35341,35343,35346,35348,35350,35352,35355,35357],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35328,4392],{"class":53},[47,35330,58],{"class":57},[47,35332,3017],{"class":83},[47,35334,253],{"class":61},[47,35336,12280],{"class":65},[47,35338,253],{"class":61},[47,35340,590],{"class":83},[47,35342,62],{"class":61},[47,35344,35345],{"class":65},"Ben",[47,35347,253],{"class":61},[47,35349,590],{"class":83},[47,35351,62],{"class":61},[47,35353,35354],{"class":65},"Cara",[47,35356,253],{"class":61},[47,35358,3030],{"class":83},[47,35360,35361],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,35362,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,35364,35365,35367,35369,35371,35374,35376,35378,35380,35382],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,35366,5359],{"class":655},[47,35368,35225],{"class":53},[47,35370,590],{"class":83},[47,35372,35373],{"class":53}," name ",[47,35375,3278],{"class":655},[47,35377,35235],{"class":97},[47,35379,101],{"class":83},[47,35381,4436],{"class":87},[47,35383,7740],{"class":83},[47,35385,35386,35388,35390,35392,35394,35396],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,35387,684],{"class":97},[47,35389,101],{"class":83},[47,35391,35250],{"class":87},[47,35393,590],{"class":83},[47,35395,478],{"class":87},[47,35397,107],{"class":83},[20,35399,338],{},[38,35401,35403],{"className":40,"code":35402,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,35404,35405,35412,35419],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35406,35407,35409],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35408,1514],{"class":586},[47,35410,35411],{"class":53}," Ana\n",[47,35413,35414,35416],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,35415,2377],{"class":586},[47,35417,35418],{"class":53}," Ben\n",[47,35420,35421,35423],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,35422,1449],{"class":586},[47,35424,35425],{"class":53}," Cara\n",[20,35427,35428,35429,84],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[154,35430,35432],{"href":35431},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[33,35434,166],{"id":165},[20,35436,169],{},[38,35438,35440],{"className":40,"code":35439,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,35441,35442],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35443,35444,35447,35449,35451,35453,35456,35458,35460],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35445,35446],{"class":97},"enumerate",[47,35448,101],{"class":83},[47,35450,3116],{"class":87},[47,35452,590],{"class":83},[47,35454,35455],{"class":8573}," start",[47,35457,58],{"class":57},[47,35459,1514],{"class":586},[47,35461,107],{"class":83},[20,35463,35464],{},"It has two parts:",[133,35466,35467,35472],{},[136,35468,35469,35471],{},[15,35470,3116],{},": the object you want to loop through",[136,35473,35474,35477],{},[15,35475,35476],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,35479,35480,35481,84],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,35482,1514],{},[20,35484,538],{},[38,35486,35488],{"className":40,"code":35487,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,35489,35490,35523,35527,35550],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35491,35492,35495,35497,35499,35501,35503,35505,35507,35509,35511,35513,35515,35517,35519,35521],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35493,35494],{"class":53},"letters ",[47,35496,58],{"class":57},[47,35498,3017],{"class":83},[47,35500,253],{"class":61},[47,35502,154],{"class":65},[47,35504,253],{"class":61},[47,35506,590],{"class":83},[47,35508,62],{"class":61},[47,35510,4158],{"class":65},[47,35512,253],{"class":61},[47,35514,590],{"class":83},[47,35516,62],{"class":61},[47,35518,9138],{"class":65},[47,35520,253],{"class":61},[47,35522,3030],{"class":83},[47,35524,35525],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,35526,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,35528,35529,35531,35534,35536,35539,35541,35543,35545,35548],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,35530,5359],{"class":655},[47,35532,35533],{"class":53}," i",[47,35535,590],{"class":83},[47,35537,35538],{"class":53}," letter ",[47,35540,3278],{"class":655},[47,35542,35235],{"class":97},[47,35544,101],{"class":83},[47,35546,35547],{"class":87},"letters",[47,35549,7740],{"class":83},[47,35551,35552,35554,35556,35559,35561,35564],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,35553,684],{"class":97},[47,35555,101],{"class":83},[47,35557,35558],{"class":87},"i",[47,35560,590],{"class":83},[47,35562,35563],{"class":87}," letter",[47,35565,107],{"class":83},[20,35567,338],{},[38,35569,35571],{"className":40,"code":35570,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,35572,35573,35580,35587],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35574,35575,35577],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35576,1514],{"class":586},[47,35578,35579],{"class":53}," a\n",[47,35581,35582,35584],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,35583,2377],{"class":586},[47,35585,35586],{"class":53}," b\n",[47,35588,35589,35591],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,35590,1449],{"class":586},[47,35592,35593],{"class":53}," c\n",[20,35595,35596,35597,84],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[154,35598,2968,35600,2901],{"href":35599},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,35601,35602],{},"range()",[33,35604,128,35606,11104],{"id":35605},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,35607,35153],{},[20,35609,35610,35612,35613,84],{},[15,35611,35153],{}," returns an ",[121,35614,35615],{},"enumerate object",[20,35617,35618,35619,35621],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,35620,5359],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[133,35623,35624],{},[136,35625,35626],{},[15,35627,35628],{},"(index, item)",[20,35630,35631],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,35633,538],{},[38,35635,35637],{"className":40,"code":35636,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,35638,35639,35672,35676,35698],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35640,35641,35644,35646,35648,35650,35652,35654,35656,35658,35660,35662,35664,35666,35668,35670],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35642,35643],{"class":53},"fruits ",[47,35645,58],{"class":57},[47,35647,3017],{"class":83},[47,35649,253],{"class":61},[47,35651,3475],{"class":65},[47,35653,253],{"class":61},[47,35655,590],{"class":83},[47,35657,62],{"class":61},[47,35659,288],{"class":65},[47,35661,253],{"class":61},[47,35663,590],{"class":83},[47,35665,62],{"class":61},[47,35667,32627],{"class":65},[47,35669,253],{"class":61},[47,35671,3030],{"class":83},[47,35673,35674],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,35675,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,35677,35678,35680,35682,35684,35687,35689,35691,35693,35696],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,35679,5359],{"class":655},[47,35681,35225],{"class":53},[47,35683,590],{"class":83},[47,35685,35686],{"class":53}," fruit ",[47,35688,3278],{"class":655},[47,35690,35235],{"class":97},[47,35692,101],{"class":83},[47,35694,35695],{"class":87},"fruits",[47,35697,7740],{"class":83},[47,35699,35700,35702,35704,35706,35708,35711],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,35701,684],{"class":97},[47,35703,101],{"class":83},[47,35705,35250],{"class":87},[47,35707,590],{"class":83},[47,35709,35710],{"class":87}," fruit",[47,35712,107],{"class":83},[20,35714,35715],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[38,35717,35719],{"className":40,"code":35718,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,35720,35721,35741,35745,35763],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35722,35723,35725,35727,35729,35731,35733,35735,35737,35739],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35724,3012],{"class":53},[47,35726,58],{"class":57},[47,35728,3017],{"class":83},[47,35730,1719],{"class":586},[47,35732,590],{"class":83},[47,35734,7189],{"class":586},[47,35736,590],{"class":83},[47,35738,7194],{"class":586},[47,35740,3030],{"class":83},[47,35742,35743],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,35744,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,35746,35747,35749,35751,35753,35755,35757,35759,35761],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,35748,75],{"class":53},[47,35750,58],{"class":57},[47,35752,21962],{"class":919},[47,35754,101],{"class":83},[47,35756,35446],{"class":97},[47,35758,101],{"class":83},[47,35760,3044],{"class":87},[47,35762,1419],{"class":83},[47,35764,35765,35767,35769,35771],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,35766,98],{"class":97},[47,35768,101],{"class":83},[47,35770,104],{"class":87},[47,35772,107],{"class":83},[20,35774,338],{},[38,35776,35778],{"className":40,"code":35777,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,35779,35780],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35781,35782,35784,35786,35788,35790,35792,35794,35796,35798,35800,35802,35804,35806,35808,35810],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35783,21142],{"class":83},[47,35785,1514],{"class":586},[47,35787,590],{"class":83},[47,35789,5405],{"class":586},[47,35791,8631],{"class":83},[47,35793,8634],{"class":83},[47,35795,2377],{"class":586},[47,35797,590],{"class":83},[47,35799,7189],{"class":586},[47,35801,8631],{"class":83},[47,35803,8634],{"class":83},[47,35805,1449],{"class":586},[47,35807,590],{"class":83},[47,35809,7194],{"class":586},[47,35811,8647],{"class":83},[20,35813,35814,35815,35817],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,35816,35153],{}," produces.",[33,35819,603,35821],{"id":35820},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,35822,35153],{},[20,35824,1486,35825,35827],{},[15,35826,35153],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,35829,35830],{},"Common cases:",[133,35832,35833,35836,35839,35842],{},[136,35834,35835],{},"printing numbered output",[136,35837,35838],{},"building menus",[136,35840,35841],{},"showing positions in a list",[136,35843,35844],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,35846,538],{},[38,35848,35850],{"className":40,"code":35849,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,35851,35852,35887,35891,35921],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35853,35854,35856,35858,35860,35862,35865,35867,35869,35871,35874,35876,35878,35880,35883,35885],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35855,29302],{"class":53},[47,35857,58],{"class":57},[47,35859,3017],{"class":83},[47,35861,253],{"class":61},[47,35863,35864],{"class":65},"Wash dishes",[47,35866,253],{"class":61},[47,35868,590],{"class":83},[47,35870,62],{"class":61},[47,35872,35873],{"class":65},"Study Python",[47,35875,253],{"class":61},[47,35877,590],{"class":83},[47,35879,62],{"class":61},[47,35881,35882],{"class":65},"Go for a walk",[47,35884,253],{"class":61},[47,35886,3030],{"class":83},[47,35888,35889],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,35890,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,35892,35893,35895,35897,35899,35902,35904,35906,35908,35911,35913,35915,35917,35919],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,35894,5359],{"class":655},[47,35896,1588],{"class":53},[47,35898,590],{"class":83},[47,35900,35901],{"class":53}," task ",[47,35903,3278],{"class":655},[47,35905,35235],{"class":97},[47,35907,101],{"class":83},[47,35909,35910],{"class":87},"tasks",[47,35912,590],{"class":83},[47,35914,35455],{"class":8573},[47,35916,58],{"class":57},[47,35918,2377],{"class":586},[47,35920,7740],{"class":83},[47,35922,35923,35925,35927,35929,35931,35933,35935,35937,35939,35941,35944,35946,35948],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,35924,684],{"class":97},[47,35926,101],{"class":83},[47,35928,21696],{"class":1458},[47,35930,253],{"class":65},[47,35932,8676],{"class":586},[47,35934,878],{"class":87},[47,35936,21705],{"class":586},[47,35938,27718],{"class":65},[47,35940,8676],{"class":586},[47,35942,35943],{"class":87},"task",[47,35945,21705],{"class":586},[47,35947,253],{"class":65},[47,35949,107],{"class":83},[20,35951,338],{},[38,35953,35955],{"className":40,"code":35954,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,35956,35957,35969,35981],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35958,35959,35961,35963,35966],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35960,2377],{"class":586},[47,35962,84],{"class":83},[47,35964,35965],{"class":24153}," Wash",[47,35967,35968],{"class":53}," dishes\n",[47,35970,35971,35973,35975,35978],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,35972,1449],{"class":586},[47,35974,84],{"class":83},[47,35976,35977],{"class":24153}," Study",[47,35979,35980],{"class":53}," Python\n",[47,35982,35983,35985,35987,35990,35992],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,35984,1455],{"class":586},[47,35986,84],{"class":83},[47,35988,35989],{"class":24153}," Go",[47,35991,3272],{"class":655},[47,35993,35994],{"class":53}," a walk\n",[20,35996,35997,35998,36000,36001,84],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,35999,35153],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36002,36003],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36005,36006,36007,84],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[154,36008,36010,36011,36013],{"href":36009},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36012,35153],{}," in Python",[33,36015,36017,36018,36020],{"id":36016},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36019,35476],{}," argument",[20,36022,36023,36024,36026],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36025,35476],{}," argument.",[20,36028,36029,36030,10492,36032,1032],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36031,2377],{},[15,36033,1514],{},[38,36035,36037],{"className":40,"code":36036,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36038,36039,36071,36075,36103],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36040,36041,36043,36045,36047,36049,36051,36053,36055,36057,36059,36061,36063,36065,36067,36069],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36042,12476],{"class":53},[47,36044,58],{"class":57},[47,36046,3017],{"class":83},[47,36048,253],{"class":61},[47,36050,12493],{"class":65},[47,36052,253],{"class":61},[47,36054,590],{"class":83},[47,36056,62],{"class":61},[47,36058,16858],{"class":65},[47,36060,253],{"class":61},[47,36062,590],{"class":83},[47,36064,62],{"class":61},[47,36066,12510],{"class":65},[47,36068,253],{"class":61},[47,36070,3030],{"class":83},[47,36072,36073],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,36074,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,36076,36077,36079,36081,36083,36085,36087,36089,36091,36093,36095,36097,36099,36101],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,36078,5359],{"class":655},[47,36080,35225],{"class":53},[47,36082,590],{"class":83},[47,36084,35230],{"class":53},[47,36086,3278],{"class":655},[47,36088,35235],{"class":97},[47,36090,101],{"class":83},[47,36092,16905],{"class":87},[47,36094,590],{"class":83},[47,36096,35455],{"class":8573},[47,36098,58],{"class":57},[47,36100,2377],{"class":586},[47,36102,7740],{"class":83},[47,36104,36105,36107,36109,36111,36113,36115],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,36106,684],{"class":97},[47,36108,101],{"class":83},[47,36110,35250],{"class":87},[47,36112,590],{"class":83},[47,36114,35255],{"class":87},[47,36116,107],{"class":83},[20,36118,338],{},[38,36120,36122],{"className":40,"code":36121,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36123,36124,36130,36136],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36125,36126,36128],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36127,2377],{"class":586},[47,36129,35271],{"class":53},[47,36131,36132,36134],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,36133,1449],{"class":586},[47,36135,35278],{"class":53},[47,36137,36138,36140],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,36139,1455],{"class":586},[47,36141,35285],{"class":53},[20,36143,36144],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36146,36147],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[33,36149,24761],{"id":24760},[20,36151,24764,36152,84],{},[15,36153,35153],{},[724,36155,36157],{"id":36156},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36159,36160],{},"In this loop:",[38,36162,36164],{"className":40,"code":36163,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36165,36166,36186,36190,36210],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36167,36168,36170,36172,36174,36176,36178,36180,36182,36184],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36169,3012],{"class":53},[47,36171,58],{"class":57},[47,36173,3017],{"class":83},[47,36175,1719],{"class":586},[47,36177,590],{"class":83},[47,36179,7189],{"class":586},[47,36181,590],{"class":83},[47,36183,7194],{"class":586},[47,36185,3030],{"class":83},[47,36187,36188],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,36189,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,36191,36192,36194,36196,36198,36200,36202,36204,36206,36208],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,36193,5359],{"class":655},[47,36195,35225],{"class":53},[47,36197,590],{"class":83},[47,36199,20986],{"class":53},[47,36201,3278],{"class":655},[47,36203,35235],{"class":97},[47,36205,101],{"class":83},[47,36207,3044],{"class":87},[47,36209,7740],{"class":83},[47,36211,36212,36214,36216,36218,36220,36222],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,36213,684],{"class":97},[47,36215,101],{"class":83},[47,36217,35250],{"class":87},[47,36219,590],{"class":83},[47,36221,7832],{"class":87},[47,36223,107],{"class":83},[133,36225,36226,36236],{},[136,36227,36228,4181,36230,712,36232,712,36234],{},[15,36229,35250],{},[15,36231,1514],{},[15,36233,2377],{},[15,36235,1449],{},[136,36237,36238,4181,36240,712,36242,712,36244],{},[15,36239,1863],{},[15,36241,1719],{},[15,36243,15157],{},[15,36245,36246],{},"30",[20,36248,36249],{},"These are different things.",[724,36251,36253],{"id":36252},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36255,36256,36257,36259],{},"Each item from ",[15,36258,35153],{}," is a pair.",[20,36261,6088],{},[38,36263,36265],{"className":40,"code":36264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36266,36267,36291,36295,36315],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36268,36269,36271,36273,36275,36277,36279,36281,36283,36285,36287,36289],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36270,7178],{"class":53},[47,36272,58],{"class":57},[47,36274,3017],{"class":83},[47,36276,253],{"class":61},[47,36278,1567],{"class":65},[47,36280,253],{"class":61},[47,36282,590],{"class":83},[47,36284,62],{"class":61},[47,36286,11144],{"class":65},[47,36288,253],{"class":61},[47,36290,3030],{"class":83},[47,36292,36293],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,36294,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,36296,36297,36299,36301,36303,36305,36307,36309,36311,36313],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,36298,5359],{"class":655},[47,36300,35533],{"class":53},[47,36302,590],{"class":83},[47,36304,5362],{"class":53},[47,36306,3278],{"class":655},[47,36308,35235],{"class":97},[47,36310,101],{"class":83},[47,36312,7209],{"class":87},[47,36314,7740],{"class":83},[47,36316,36317,36319,36321,36323,36325,36327],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,36318,684],{"class":97},[47,36320,101],{"class":83},[47,36322,35558],{"class":87},[47,36324,590],{"class":83},[47,36326,28911],{"class":87},[47,36328,107],{"class":83},[20,36330,36331],{},"But this causes an error:",[38,36333,36335],{"className":40,"code":36334,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,36336,36337,36361,36365,36390],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36338,36339,36341,36343,36345,36347,36349,36351,36353,36355,36357,36359],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36340,7178],{"class":53},[47,36342,58],{"class":57},[47,36344,3017],{"class":83},[47,36346,253],{"class":61},[47,36348,1567],{"class":65},[47,36350,253],{"class":61},[47,36352,590],{"class":83},[47,36354,62],{"class":61},[47,36356,11144],{"class":65},[47,36358,253],{"class":61},[47,36360,3030],{"class":83},[47,36362,36363],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,36364,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,36366,36367,36369,36371,36373,36375,36377,36380,36382,36384,36386,36388],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,36368,5359],{"class":655},[47,36370,35533],{"class":53},[47,36372,590],{"class":83},[47,36374,28911],{"class":53},[47,36376,590],{"class":83},[47,36378,36379],{"class":53}," extra ",[47,36381,3278],{"class":655},[47,36383,35235],{"class":97},[47,36385,101],{"class":83},[47,36387,7209],{"class":87},[47,36389,7740],{"class":83},[47,36391,36392,36394,36396,36398,36400,36402,36404,36407],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,36393,684],{"class":97},[47,36395,101],{"class":83},[47,36397,35558],{"class":87},[47,36399,590],{"class":83},[47,36401,28911],{"class":87},[47,36403,590],{"class":83},[47,36405,36406],{"class":87}," extra",[47,36408,107],{"class":83},[20,36410,28465,36411,36413],{},[15,36412,35153],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[724,36415,36417,36419],{"id":36416},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,36418,35153],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,36421,36422],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,36424,36425],{},"Example with a string:",[38,36427,36429],{"className":40,"code":36428,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,36430,36431,36457],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36432,36433,36435,36437,36439,36442,36444,36446,36448,36450,36453,36455],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36434,5359],{"class":655},[47,36436,35225],{"class":53},[47,36438,590],{"class":83},[47,36440,36441],{"class":53}," char ",[47,36443,3278],{"class":655},[47,36445,35235],{"class":97},[47,36447,101],{"class":83},[47,36449,253],{"class":61},[47,36451,36452],{"class":65},"cat",[47,36454,253],{"class":61},[47,36456,7740],{"class":83},[47,36458,36459,36461,36463,36465,36467,36470],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,36460,684],{"class":97},[47,36462,101],{"class":83},[47,36464,35250],{"class":87},[47,36466,590],{"class":83},[47,36468,36469],{"class":87}," char",[47,36471,107],{"class":83},[20,36473,338],{},[38,36475,36477],{"className":40,"code":36476,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,36478,36479,36485,36491],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36480,36481,36483],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36482,1514],{"class":586},[47,36484,35593],{"class":53},[47,36486,36487,36489],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,36488,2377],{"class":586},[47,36490,35579],{"class":53},[47,36492,36493,36495],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,36494,1449],{"class":586},[47,36496,36497],{"class":53}," t\n",[20,36499,36500,36501,84],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[154,36502,4534],{"href":4987},[724,36504,36506],{"id":36505},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,36508,36509,36510,84],{},"You do not always need ",[15,36511,35153],{},[20,36513,36514,36515,36517],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,36516,5359],{}," loop:",[38,36519,36521],{"className":40,"code":36520,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,36522,36523,36555,36559,36571],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36524,36525,36527,36529,36531,36533,36535,36537,36539,36541,36543,36545,36547,36549,36551,36553],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36526,12476],{"class":53},[47,36528,58],{"class":57},[47,36530,3017],{"class":83},[47,36532,253],{"class":61},[47,36534,12493],{"class":65},[47,36536,253],{"class":61},[47,36538,590],{"class":83},[47,36540,62],{"class":61},[47,36542,16858],{"class":65},[47,36544,253],{"class":61},[47,36546,590],{"class":83},[47,36548,62],{"class":61},[47,36550,12510],{"class":65},[47,36552,253],{"class":61},[47,36554,3030],{"class":83},[47,36556,36557],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,36558,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,36560,36561,36563,36565,36567,36569],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,36562,5359],{"class":655},[47,36564,35230],{"class":53},[47,36566,3278],{"class":655},[47,36568,12524],{"class":53},[47,36570,679],{"class":83},[47,36572,36573,36575,36577,36579],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,36574,684],{"class":97},[47,36576,101],{"class":83},[47,36578,32297],{"class":87},[47,36580,107],{"class":83},[20,36582,36583],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[33,36585,722],{"id":721},[20,36587,36588],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[133,36590,36591,36596,36602,36607],{},[136,36592,22503,36593,36595],{},[15,36594,35153],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[136,36597,36598,36599,36601],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,36600,1514],{}," by default",[136,36603,7816,36604,36606],{},[15,36605,35153],{}," when only values are needed",[136,36608,946,36609,8101,36611],{},[15,36610,35153],{},[15,36612,35602],{},[20,36614,36615],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[38,36617,36619],{"className":40,"code":36618,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,36620,36621,36643,36670,36704,36737],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36622,36623,36625,36627,36629,36631,36633,36635,36637,36639,36641],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36624,98],{"class":97},[47,36626,101],{"class":83},[47,36628,35446],{"class":97},[47,36630,2374],{"class":83},[47,36632,1719],{"class":586},[47,36634,590],{"class":83},[47,36636,7189],{"class":586},[47,36638,590],{"class":83},[47,36640,7194],{"class":586},[47,36642,2389],{"class":83},[47,36644,36645,36647,36649,36651,36653,36655,36657,36659,36661,36663,36665,36667],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,36646,98],{"class":97},[47,36648,101],{"class":83},[47,36650,7492],{"class":919},[47,36652,101],{"class":83},[47,36654,35446],{"class":97},[47,36656,2374],{"class":83},[47,36658,1719],{"class":586},[47,36660,590],{"class":83},[47,36662,7189],{"class":586},[47,36664,590],{"class":83},[47,36666,7194],{"class":586},[47,36668,36669],{"class":83},"])))\n",[47,36671,36672,36674,36676,36678,36680,36682,36684,36686,36688,36690,36692,36694,36696,36698,36700,36702],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,36673,98],{"class":97},[47,36675,101],{"class":83},[47,36677,7492],{"class":919},[47,36679,101],{"class":83},[47,36681,35446],{"class":97},[47,36683,2374],{"class":83},[47,36685,1719],{"class":586},[47,36687,590],{"class":83},[47,36689,7189],{"class":586},[47,36691,590],{"class":83},[47,36693,7194],{"class":586},[47,36695,17464],{"class":83},[47,36697,35455],{"class":8573},[47,36699,58],{"class":57},[47,36701,2377],{"class":586},[47,36703,2300],{"class":83},[47,36705,36706,36708,36710,36712,36714,36716,36718,36720,36722,36724,36726,36728,36730,36732,36734],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,36707,5359],{"class":655},[47,36709,35533],{"class":53},[47,36711,590],{"class":83},[47,36713,20986],{"class":53},[47,36715,3278],{"class":655},[47,36717,35235],{"class":97},[47,36719,2374],{"class":83},[47,36721,2693],{"class":61},[47,36723,154],{"class":65},[47,36725,2693],{"class":61},[47,36727,590],{"class":83},[47,36729,2688],{"class":61},[47,36731,4158],{"class":65},[47,36733,2693],{"class":61},[47,36735,36736],{"class":83},"]):\n",[47,36738,36739,36741,36743,36745,36747,36749],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,36740,684],{"class":97},[47,36742,101],{"class":83},[47,36744,35558],{"class":87},[47,36746,590],{"class":83},[47,36748,7832],{"class":87},[47,36750,107],{"class":83},[20,36752,16360],{},[38,36754,36756],{"className":40,"code":36755,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,36757,36758,36778,36810,36842,36848],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36759,36760,36762,36764,36766,36769,36773,36776],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36761,2682],{"class":57},[47,36763,35446],{"class":97},[47,36765,24020],{"class":919},[47,36767,36768],{"class":53}," at ",[47,36770,36772],{"class":36771},"srjyR","0x",[47,36774,36775],{"class":353},"...",[47,36777,2696],{"class":57},[47,36779,36780,36782,36784,36786,36788,36790,36792,36794,36796,36798,36800,36802,36804,36806,36808],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,36781,21142],{"class":83},[47,36783,1514],{"class":586},[47,36785,590],{"class":83},[47,36787,5405],{"class":586},[47,36789,8631],{"class":83},[47,36791,8634],{"class":83},[47,36793,2377],{"class":586},[47,36795,590],{"class":83},[47,36797,7189],{"class":586},[47,36799,8631],{"class":83},[47,36801,8634],{"class":83},[47,36803,1449],{"class":586},[47,36805,590],{"class":83},[47,36807,7194],{"class":586},[47,36809,8647],{"class":83},[47,36811,36812,36814,36816,36818,36820,36822,36824,36826,36828,36830,36832,36834,36836,36838,36840],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,36813,21142],{"class":83},[47,36815,2377],{"class":586},[47,36817,590],{"class":83},[47,36819,5405],{"class":586},[47,36821,8631],{"class":83},[47,36823,8634],{"class":83},[47,36825,1449],{"class":586},[47,36827,590],{"class":83},[47,36829,7189],{"class":586},[47,36831,8631],{"class":83},[47,36833,8634],{"class":83},[47,36835,1455],{"class":586},[47,36837,590],{"class":83},[47,36839,7194],{"class":586},[47,36841,8647],{"class":83},[47,36843,36844,36846],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,36845,1514],{"class":586},[47,36847,35579],{"class":53},[47,36849,36850,36852],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,36851,2377],{"class":586},[47,36853,35586],{"class":53},[33,36855,1155],{"id":1154},[724,36857,4540,36859,4543],{"id":36858},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,36860,35153],{},[20,36862,36863],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[724,36865,1159,36867,36869],{"id":36866},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,36868,35153],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,36871,36872,36873,36875,36876,36879],{},"It starts at ",[15,36874,1514],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,36877,36878],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[724,36881,20822,36883,10492,36885,1883],{"id":36882},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,36884,35153],{},[15,36886,36887],{},"range(len(list))",[20,36889,35997,36890,36892],{},[15,36891,35153],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[724,36894,4568,36896,36898],{"id":36895},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,36897,35153],{}," be used with strings?",[20,36900,36901,36902,36904],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,36903,35153],{}," can return each character with its index.",[33,36906,1275],{"id":1274},[133,36908,36909,36913,36919,36926],{},[136,36910,36911],{},[154,36912,35432],{"href":35431},[136,36914,36915],{},[154,36916,2968,36917,2901],{"href":35599},[15,36918,35602],{},[136,36920,36921],{},[154,36922,36923,36924,36013],{"href":36009},"How to use ",[15,36925,35153],{},[136,36927,36928],{},[154,36929,4615],{"href":4987},[1320,36931,36932],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":36934},[36935,36936,36938,36939,36941,36943,36945,36952,36953,36963],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":35293,"depth":72,"text":36937},"What enumerate() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":35605,"depth":72,"text":36940},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":35820,"depth":72,"text":36942},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36016,"depth":72,"text":36944},"Using the start argument",{"id":24760,"depth":72,"text":24761,"children":36946},[36947,36948,36949,36951],{"id":36156,"depth":94,"text":36157},{"id":36252,"depth":94,"text":36253},{"id":36416,"depth":94,"text":36950},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":36505,"depth":94,"text":36506},{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":36954},[36955,36957,36959,36961],{"id":36858,"depth":94,"text":36956},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":36866,"depth":94,"text":36958},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":36882,"depth":94,"text":36960},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":36895,"depth":94,"text":36962},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35145,"description":36964},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":36971,"title":36972,"body":36973,"description":39486,"extension":1354,"meta":39487,"navigation":311,"path":39488,"seo":39489,"stem":39490,"__hash__":39491},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":36974,"toc":39443},[36975,36981,36986,36989,36997,37011,37013,37104,37112,37117,37122,37124,37140,37142,37221,37223,37240,37246,37250,37252,37273,37277,37280,37292,37296,37299,37302,37319,37322,37398,37400,37417,37422,37426,37434,37437,37452,37454,37543,37545,37590,37593,37597,37600,37679,37681,37703,37706,37713,37718,37721,37822,37824,37849,37852,37859,37865,37870,37873,37884,37990,37992,38013,38021,38028,38034,38053,38058,38061,38080,38082,38167,38169,38198,38201,38206,38211,38214,38225,38227,38316,38318,38338,38344,38450,38452,38472,38475,38559,38561,38581,38588,38590,38594,38600,38603,38660,38663,38666,38727,38736,38739,38742,38770,38773,38833,38835,38852,38856,38859,38937,38939,38959,38962,39037,39041,39044,39046,39055,39059,39061,39112,39120,39132,39137,39198,39200,39217,39221,39284,39286,39311,39319,39321,39327,39333,39340,39348,39354,39357,39364,39374,39380,39386,39389,39406,39412,39414,39440],[10,36976,2968,36978,2972],{"id":36977},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,36979,36980],{},"filter()",[20,36982,36983,36985],{},[15,36984,36980],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,36987,36988],{},"It takes:",[133,36990,36991,36994],{},[136,36992,36993],{},"a function that checks each item",[136,36995,36996],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,36998,36999,37000,37003,37004,37007,37008,37010],{},"The result is ",[121,37001,37002],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37005,37006],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37009,24184],{}," to see the values.",[33,37012,36],{"id":35},[38,37014,37016],{"className":40,"code":37015,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37017,37018,37051,37087],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37019,37020,37022,37024,37026,37028,37030,37032,37034,37036,37038,37040,37042,37044,37046,37049],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37021,3012],{"class":53},[47,37023,58],{"class":57},[47,37025,3017],{"class":83},[47,37027,2377],{"class":586},[47,37029,590],{"class":83},[47,37031,2382],{"class":586},[47,37033,590],{"class":83},[47,37035,1841],{"class":586},[47,37037,590],{"class":83},[47,37039,1847],{"class":586},[47,37041,590],{"class":83},[47,37043,4002],{"class":586},[47,37045,590],{"class":83},[47,37047,37048],{"class":586}," 6",[47,37050,3030],{"class":83},[47,37052,37053,37055,37057,37060,37062,37065,37069,37071,37073,37075,37077,37079,37081,37083,37085],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,37054,75],{"class":53},[47,37056,58],{"class":57},[47,37058,37059],{"class":97}," filter",[47,37061,101],{"class":83},[47,37063,37064],{"class":1458},"lambda",[47,37066,37068],{"class":37067},"sFwrP"," x",[47,37070,1032],{"class":83},[47,37072,3275],{"class":87},[47,37074,5803],{"class":57},[47,37076,2382],{"class":586},[47,37078,669],{"class":57},[47,37080,3230],{"class":586},[47,37082,590],{"class":83},[47,37084,3659],{"class":87},[47,37086,107],{"class":83},[47,37088,37089,37091,37093,37095,37097,37099,37101],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,37090,98],{"class":97},[47,37092,101],{"class":83},[47,37094,7492],{"class":919},[47,37096,101],{"class":83},[47,37098,104],{"class":87},[47,37100,4761],{"class":83},[47,37102,37103],{"class":113},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37105,37106,37108,37109,37111],{},[15,37107,36980],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37110,24184],{}," to see the results.",[33,37113,128,37115,131],{"id":37114},"what-filter-does",[15,37116,36980],{},[20,37118,37119,37121],{},[15,37120,36980],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37123,1501],{},[133,37125,37126,37129,37135],{},[136,37127,37128],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[136,37130,37131,37132,37134],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37133,2997],{},", the item is kept",[136,37136,37131,37137,37139],{},[15,37138,3070],{},", the item is removed",[20,37141,538],{},[38,37143,37145],{"className":40,"code":37144,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37146,37147,37175,37179,37207],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37148,37149,37151,37153,37155,37157,37159,37161,37163,37165,37167,37169,37171,37173],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37150,3012],{"class":53},[47,37152,58],{"class":57},[47,37154,3017],{"class":83},[47,37156,2377],{"class":586},[47,37158,590],{"class":83},[47,37160,2382],{"class":586},[47,37162,590],{"class":83},[47,37164,1841],{"class":586},[47,37166,590],{"class":83},[47,37168,1847],{"class":586},[47,37170,590],{"class":83},[47,37172,4002],{"class":586},[47,37174,3030],{"class":83},[47,37176,37177],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,37178,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,37180,37181,37183,37185,37187,37189,37191,37193,37195,37197,37199,37201,37203,37205],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,37182,75],{"class":53},[47,37184,58],{"class":57},[47,37186,37059],{"class":97},[47,37188,101],{"class":83},[47,37190,37064],{"class":1458},[47,37192,37068],{"class":37067},[47,37194,1032],{"class":83},[47,37196,3275],{"class":87},[47,37198,3648],{"class":57},[47,37200,1841],{"class":586},[47,37202,590],{"class":83},[47,37204,3659],{"class":87},[47,37206,107],{"class":83},[47,37208,37209,37211,37213,37215,37217,37219],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,37210,98],{"class":97},[47,37212,101],{"class":83},[47,37214,7492],{"class":919},[47,37216,101],{"class":83},[47,37218,104],{"class":87},[47,37220,1419],{"class":83},[20,37222,338],{},[38,37224,37226],{"className":40,"code":37225,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37227,37228],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37229,37230,37232,37234,37236,37238],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37231,3296],{"class":83},[47,37233,1896],{"class":586},[47,37235,590],{"class":83},[47,37237,4002],{"class":586},[47,37239,3030],{"class":83},[20,37241,37242,37243,37245],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37244,1455],{}," are kept.",[33,37247,37249],{"id":37248},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37251,169],{},[38,37253,37255],{"className":40,"code":37254,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37256,37257],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37258,37259,37261,37263,37266,37268,37271],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37260,37006],{"class":97},[47,37262,101],{"class":83},[47,37264,37265],{"class":87},"function",[47,37267,590],{"class":83},[47,37269,37270],{"class":87}," iterable",[47,37272,107],{"class":83},[724,37274,37275],{"id":37265},[15,37276,37265],{},[20,37278,37279],{},"This is the test function.",[133,37281,37282,37285],{},[136,37283,37284],{},"It receives one item at a time",[136,37286,37287,37288,158,37290],{},"It should return ",[15,37289,2997],{},[15,37291,3070],{},[724,37293,37294],{"id":3116},[15,37295,3116],{},[20,37297,37298],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37300,37301],{},"It can be:",[133,37303,37304,37307,37310,37313,37316],{},[136,37305,37306],{},"a list",[136,37308,37309],{},"a tuple",[136,37311,37312],{},"a string",[136,37314,37315],{},"a set",[136,37317,37318],{},"another iterable object",[20,37320,37321],{},"Example with a tuple:",[38,37323,37325],{"className":40,"code":37324,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37326,37327,37352,37356,37384],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37328,37329,37331,37333,37335,37337,37339,37342,37344,37346,37348,37350],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37330,3012],{"class":53},[47,37332,58],{"class":57},[47,37334,8634],{"class":83},[47,37336,1719],{"class":586},[47,37338,590],{"class":83},[47,37340,37341],{"class":586}," 15",[47,37343,590],{"class":83},[47,37345,7189],{"class":586},[47,37347,590],{"class":83},[47,37349,8704],{"class":586},[47,37351,107],{"class":83},[47,37353,37354],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,37355,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,37357,37358,37360,37362,37364,37366,37368,37370,37372,37374,37376,37378,37380,37382],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,37359,75],{"class":53},[47,37361,58],{"class":57},[47,37363,37059],{"class":97},[47,37365,101],{"class":83},[47,37367,37064],{"class":1458},[47,37369,37068],{"class":37067},[47,37371,1032],{"class":83},[47,37373,3275],{"class":87},[47,37375,4496],{"class":57},[47,37377,7189],{"class":586},[47,37379,590],{"class":83},[47,37381,3659],{"class":87},[47,37383,107],{"class":83},[47,37385,37386,37388,37390,37392,37394,37396],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,37387,98],{"class":97},[47,37389,101],{"class":83},[47,37391,7492],{"class":919},[47,37393,101],{"class":83},[47,37395,104],{"class":87},[47,37397,1419],{"class":83},[20,37399,338],{},[38,37401,37403],{"className":40,"code":37402,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[20, 25]\n",[15,37404,37405],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37406,37407,37409,37411,37413,37415],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37408,3296],{"class":83},[47,37410,15157],{"class":586},[47,37412,590],{"class":83},[47,37414,8704],{"class":586},[47,37416,3030],{"class":83},[20,37418,37419,37420,84],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[154,37421,4534],{"href":4987},[33,37423,37425],{"id":37424},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,37427,37428,37429,21377,37431,84],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,37430,36980],{},[121,37432,37433],{},"filter object",[20,37435,37436],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[133,37438,37439,37442,37447],{},[136,37440,37441],{},"loop through it",[136,37443,37444,37445],{},"convert it with ",[15,37446,24184],{},[136,37448,37444,37449],{},[15,37450,37451],{},"tuple()",[20,37453,538],{},[38,37455,37457],{"className":40,"code":37456,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37458,37459,37501,37505,37515,37529],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37460,37461,37463,37465,37467,37469,37471,37473,37475,37477,37479,37481,37483,37485,37487,37489,37491,37493,37495,37497,37499],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37462,75],{"class":53},[47,37464,58],{"class":57},[47,37466,37059],{"class":97},[47,37468,101],{"class":83},[47,37470,37064],{"class":1458},[47,37472,37068],{"class":37067},[47,37474,1032],{"class":83},[47,37476,3275],{"class":87},[47,37478,3648],{"class":57},[47,37480,2382],{"class":586},[47,37482,590],{"class":83},[47,37484,3017],{"class":83},[47,37486,2377],{"class":586},[47,37488,590],{"class":83},[47,37490,2382],{"class":586},[47,37492,590],{"class":83},[47,37494,1841],{"class":586},[47,37496,590],{"class":83},[47,37498,1847],{"class":586},[47,37500,3284],{"class":83},[47,37502,37503],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,37504,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,37506,37507,37509,37511,37513],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,37508,98],{"class":97},[47,37510,101],{"class":83},[47,37512,104],{"class":87},[47,37514,107],{"class":83},[47,37516,37517,37519,37521,37523,37525,37527],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,37518,98],{"class":97},[47,37520,101],{"class":83},[47,37522,2613],{"class":919},[47,37524,101],{"class":83},[47,37526,104],{"class":87},[47,37528,1419],{"class":83},[47,37530,37531,37533,37535,37537,37539,37541],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,37532,98],{"class":97},[47,37534,101],{"class":83},[47,37536,7492],{"class":919},[47,37538,101],{"class":83},[47,37540,104],{"class":87},[47,37542,1419],{"class":83},[20,37544,338],{},[38,37546,37548],{"className":40,"code":37547,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,37549,37550,37564,37578],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37551,37552,37554,37556,37558,37560,37562],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37553,2682],{"class":57},[47,37555,37006],{"class":97},[47,37557,24020],{"class":919},[47,37559,36768],{"class":53},[47,37561,36775],{"class":353},[47,37563,2696],{"class":57},[47,37565,37566,37568,37570,37572,37574,37576],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,37567,2682],{"class":57},[47,37569,2685],{"class":1458},[47,37571,2688],{"class":61},[47,37573,37006],{"class":65},[47,37575,2693],{"class":61},[47,37577,2696],{"class":57},[47,37579,37580,37582,37584,37586,37588],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,37581,3296],{"class":83},[47,37583,1455],{"class":586},[47,37585,590],{"class":83},[47,37587,1847],{"class":586},[47,37589,3030],{"class":83},[20,37591,37592],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[724,37594,37596],{"id":37595},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,37598,37599],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[38,37601,37603],{"className":40,"code":37602,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37604,37605,37647,37651,37665],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37606,37607,37609,37611,37613,37615,37617,37619,37621,37623,37625,37627,37629,37631,37633,37635,37637,37639,37641,37643,37645],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37608,75],{"class":53},[47,37610,58],{"class":57},[47,37612,37059],{"class":97},[47,37614,101],{"class":83},[47,37616,37064],{"class":1458},[47,37618,37068],{"class":37067},[47,37620,1032],{"class":83},[47,37622,3275],{"class":87},[47,37624,3648],{"class":57},[47,37626,2382],{"class":586},[47,37628,590],{"class":83},[47,37630,3017],{"class":83},[47,37632,2377],{"class":586},[47,37634,590],{"class":83},[47,37636,2382],{"class":586},[47,37638,590],{"class":83},[47,37640,1841],{"class":586},[47,37642,590],{"class":83},[47,37644,1847],{"class":586},[47,37646,3284],{"class":83},[47,37648,37649],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,37650,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,37652,37653,37655,37657,37659,37661,37663],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,37654,98],{"class":97},[47,37656,101],{"class":83},[47,37658,7492],{"class":919},[47,37660,101],{"class":83},[47,37662,104],{"class":87},[47,37664,1419],{"class":83},[47,37666,37667,37669,37671,37673,37675,37677],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,37668,98],{"class":97},[47,37670,101],{"class":83},[47,37672,7492],{"class":919},[47,37674,101],{"class":83},[47,37676,104],{"class":87},[47,37678,1419],{"class":83},[20,37680,338],{},[38,37682,37684],{"className":40,"code":37683,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,37685,37686,37698],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37687,37688,37690,37692,37694,37696],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37689,3296],{"class":83},[47,37691,1455],{"class":586},[47,37693,590],{"class":83},[47,37695,1847],{"class":586},[47,37697,3030],{"class":83},[47,37699,37700],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,37701,37702],{"class":83},"[]\n",[20,37704,37705],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[33,37707,7816,37709,8101,37711],{"id":37708},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,37710,36980],{},[15,37712,37064],{},[20,37714,14591,37715,37717],{},[15,37716,37064],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,37719,37720],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[38,37722,37724],{"className":40,"code":37723,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37725,37726,37768,37772,37808],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37727,37728,37730,37732,37734,37736,37738,37740,37742,37744,37747,37749,37751,37753,37755,37757,37759,37761,37764,37766],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37729,3466],{"class":53},[47,37731,58],{"class":57},[47,37733,3017],{"class":83},[47,37735,253],{"class":61},[47,37737,3475],{"class":65},[47,37739,253],{"class":61},[47,37741,590],{"class":83},[47,37743,62],{"class":61},[47,37745,37746],{"class":65},"kiwi",[47,37748,253],{"class":61},[47,37750,590],{"class":83},[47,37752,62],{"class":61},[47,37754,288],{"class":65},[47,37756,253],{"class":61},[47,37758,590],{"class":83},[47,37760,62],{"class":61},[47,37762,37763],{"class":65},"fig",[47,37765,253],{"class":61},[47,37767,3030],{"class":83},[47,37769,37770],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,37771,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,37773,37774,37776,37778,37780,37782,37784,37786,37788,37791,37793,37795,37797,37800,37802,37804,37806],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,37775,75],{"class":53},[47,37777,58],{"class":57},[47,37779,37059],{"class":97},[47,37781,101],{"class":83},[47,37783,37064],{"class":1458},[47,37785,300],{"class":37067},[47,37787,1032],{"class":83},[47,37789,37790],{"class":97}," len",[47,37792,101],{"class":83},[47,37794,321],{"class":87},[47,37796,3057],{"class":83},[47,37798,37799],{"class":57}," >",[47,37801,1847],{"class":586},[47,37803,590],{"class":83},[47,37805,5568],{"class":87},[47,37807,107],{"class":83},[47,37809,37810,37812,37814,37816,37818,37820],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,37811,98],{"class":97},[47,37813,101],{"class":83},[47,37815,7492],{"class":919},[47,37817,101],{"class":83},[47,37819,104],{"class":87},[47,37821,1419],{"class":83},[20,37823,338],{},[38,37825,37827],{"className":40,"code":37826,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,37828,37829],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37830,37831,37833,37835,37837,37839,37841,37843,37845,37847],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37832,3296],{"class":83},[47,37834,2693],{"class":61},[47,37836,3475],{"class":65},[47,37838,2693],{"class":61},[47,37840,590],{"class":83},[47,37842,2688],{"class":61},[47,37844,288],{"class":65},[47,37846,2693],{"class":61},[47,37848,3030],{"class":83},[20,37850,37851],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,37853,37854,37855,84],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[154,37856,37858],{"href":37857},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[33,37860,7816,37862,37864],{"id":37861},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,37863,36980],{}," with a named function",[20,37866,37867,37868,84],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,37869,37064],{},[20,37871,37872],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[133,37874,37875,37878,37881],{},[136,37876,37877],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[136,37879,37880],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[136,37882,37883],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[38,37885,37887],{"className":40,"code":37886,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37888,37889,37902,37917,37921,37953,37972,37976],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37890,37891,37893,37896,37898,37900],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37892,34254],{"class":1458},[47,37894,37895],{"class":34257}," is_even",[47,37897,101],{"class":83},[47,37899,878],{"class":37067},[47,37901,7740],{"class":83},[47,37903,37904,37906,37908,37910,37912,37914],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,37905,34265],{"class":655},[47,37907,5787],{"class":53},[47,37909,5803],{"class":57},[47,37911,2382],{"class":586},[47,37913,669],{"class":57},[47,37915,37916],{"class":586}," 0\n",[47,37918,37919],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,37920,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,37922,37923,37925,37927,37929,37931,37933,37935,37937,37939,37941,37943,37945,37947,37949,37951],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,37924,3012],{"class":53},[47,37926,58],{"class":57},[47,37928,3017],{"class":83},[47,37930,2377],{"class":586},[47,37932,590],{"class":83},[47,37934,2382],{"class":586},[47,37936,590],{"class":83},[47,37938,1841],{"class":586},[47,37940,590],{"class":83},[47,37942,1847],{"class":586},[47,37944,590],{"class":83},[47,37946,4002],{"class":586},[47,37948,590],{"class":83},[47,37950,37048],{"class":586},[47,37952,3030],{"class":83},[47,37954,37955,37957,37959,37961,37963,37966,37968,37970],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,37956,75],{"class":53},[47,37958,58],{"class":57},[47,37960,37059],{"class":97},[47,37962,101],{"class":83},[47,37964,37965],{"class":87},"is_even",[47,37967,590],{"class":83},[47,37969,3659],{"class":87},[47,37971,107],{"class":83},[47,37973,37974],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,37975,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,37977,37978,37980,37982,37984,37986,37988],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,37979,98],{"class":97},[47,37981,101],{"class":83},[47,37983,7492],{"class":919},[47,37985,101],{"class":83},[47,37987,104],{"class":87},[47,37989,1419],{"class":83},[20,37991,338],{},[38,37993,37995],{"className":40,"code":37994,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37996,37997],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37998,37999,38001,38003,38005,38007,38009,38011],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38000,3296],{"class":83},[47,38002,1449],{"class":586},[47,38004,590],{"class":83},[47,38006,1847],{"class":586},[47,38008,590],{"class":83},[47,38010,37048],{"class":586},[47,38012,3030],{"class":83},[20,38014,20173,38015,1786,38018,38020],{},[15,38016,38017],{},"is_even()",[15,38019,2997],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[33,38022,7816,38024,8101,38026],{"id":38023},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38025,3174],{},[15,38027,36980],{},[20,38029,38030,38031,38033],{},"You can pass ",[15,38032,3174],{}," as the first argument:",[38,38035,38037],{"className":40,"code":38036,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38038,38039],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38040,38041,38043,38045,38047,38049,38051],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38042,37006],{"class":97},[47,38044,101],{"class":83},[47,38046,3174],{"class":1271},[47,38048,590],{"class":83},[47,38050,37270],{"class":87},[47,38052,107],{"class":83},[20,38054,38055,38056,6739],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[121,38057,4997],{},[20,38059,38060],{},"Falsy values include:",[133,38062,38063,38067,38072,38076],{},[136,38064,38065],{},[15,38066,1514],{},[136,38068,38069,38071],{},[15,38070,3169],{}," (empty string)",[136,38073,38074],{},[15,38075,3174],{},[136,38077,38078],{},[15,38079,3070],{},[20,38081,538],{},[38,38083,38085],{"className":40,"code":38084,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38086,38087,38131,38135,38153],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38088,38089,38091,38093,38095,38097,38099,38101,38103,38105,38107,38109,38111,38113,38115,38117,38119,38121,38123,38125,38127,38129],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38090,7178],{"class":53},[47,38092,58],{"class":57},[47,38094,3017],{"class":83},[47,38096,1514],{"class":586},[47,38098,590],{"class":83},[47,38100,4898],{"class":586},[47,38102,590],{"class":83},[47,38104,5527],{"class":61},[47,38106,590],{"class":83},[47,38108,62],{"class":61},[47,38110,256],{"class":65},[47,38112,253],{"class":61},[47,38114,590],{"class":83},[47,38116,3248],{"class":1271},[47,38118,590],{"class":83},[47,38120,3312],{"class":1271},[47,38122,590],{"class":83},[47,38124,3303],{"class":1271},[47,38126,590],{"class":83},[47,38128,4002],{"class":586},[47,38130,3030],{"class":83},[47,38132,38133],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,38134,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,38136,38137,38139,38141,38143,38145,38147,38149,38151],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,38138,75],{"class":53},[47,38140,58],{"class":57},[47,38142,37059],{"class":97},[47,38144,101],{"class":83},[47,38146,3174],{"class":1271},[47,38148,590],{"class":83},[47,38150,5367],{"class":87},[47,38152,107],{"class":83},[47,38154,38155,38157,38159,38161,38163,38165],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,38156,98],{"class":97},[47,38158,101],{"class":83},[47,38160,7492],{"class":919},[47,38162,101],{"class":83},[47,38164,104],{"class":87},[47,38166,1419],{"class":83},[20,38168,338],{},[38,38170,38172],{"className":40,"code":38171,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38173,38174],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38175,38176,38178,38180,38182,38184,38186,38188,38190,38192,38194,38196],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38177,3296],{"class":83},[47,38179,2377],{"class":586},[47,38181,590],{"class":83},[47,38183,2688],{"class":61},[47,38185,256],{"class":65},[47,38187,2693],{"class":61},[47,38189,590],{"class":83},[47,38191,3312],{"class":1271},[47,38193,590],{"class":83},[47,38195,4002],{"class":586},[47,38197,3030],{"class":83},[20,38199,38200],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[33,38202,603,38204],{"id":38203},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38205,36980],{},[20,38207,1486,38208,38210],{},[15,38209,36980],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38212,38213],{},"It works well for:",[133,38215,38216,38219,38222],{},[136,38217,38218],{},"simple filtering rules",[136,38220,38221],{},"quick data cleaning",[136,38223,38224],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38226,538],{},[38,38228,38230],{"className":40,"code":38229,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38231,38232,38264,38297,38301],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38233,38234,38236,38238,38240,38242,38244,38246,38248,38250,38252,38254,38256,38258,38260,38262],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38235,3012],{"class":53},[47,38237,58],{"class":57},[47,38239,3017],{"class":83},[47,38241,2377],{"class":586},[47,38243,590],{"class":83},[47,38245,2382],{"class":586},[47,38247,590],{"class":83},[47,38249,1841],{"class":586},[47,38251,590],{"class":83},[47,38253,1847],{"class":586},[47,38255,590],{"class":83},[47,38257,4002],{"class":586},[47,38259,590],{"class":83},[47,38261,37048],{"class":586},[47,38263,3030],{"class":83},[47,38265,38266,38269,38271,38273,38275,38277,38279,38281,38283,38285,38287,38289,38291,38293,38295],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,38267,38268],{"class":53},"evens ",[47,38270,58],{"class":57},[47,38272,37059],{"class":97},[47,38274,101],{"class":83},[47,38276,37064],{"class":1458},[47,38278,37068],{"class":37067},[47,38280,1032],{"class":83},[47,38282,3275],{"class":87},[47,38284,5803],{"class":57},[47,38286,2382],{"class":586},[47,38288,669],{"class":57},[47,38290,3230],{"class":586},[47,38292,590],{"class":83},[47,38294,3659],{"class":87},[47,38296,107],{"class":83},[47,38298,38299],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,38300,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,38302,38303,38305,38307,38309,38311,38314],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,38304,98],{"class":97},[47,38306,101],{"class":83},[47,38308,7492],{"class":919},[47,38310,101],{"class":83},[47,38312,38313],{"class":87},"evens",[47,38315,1419],{"class":83},[20,38317,338],{},[38,38319,38320],{"className":40,"code":37994,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,38321,38322],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38323,38324,38326,38328,38330,38332,38334,38336],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38325,3296],{"class":83},[47,38327,1449],{"class":586},[47,38329,590],{"class":83},[47,38331,1847],{"class":586},[47,38333,590],{"class":83},[47,38335,37048],{"class":586},[47,38337,3030],{"class":83},[20,38339,38340,38341,38343],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,38342,5359],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[38,38345,38347],{"className":40,"code":38346,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38348,38349,38381,38389,38393,38405,38421,38436,38440],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38350,38351,38353,38355,38357,38359,38361,38363,38365,38367,38369,38371,38373,38375,38377,38379],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38352,3012],{"class":53},[47,38354,58],{"class":57},[47,38356,3017],{"class":83},[47,38358,2377],{"class":586},[47,38360,590],{"class":83},[47,38362,2382],{"class":586},[47,38364,590],{"class":83},[47,38366,1841],{"class":586},[47,38368,590],{"class":83},[47,38370,1847],{"class":586},[47,38372,590],{"class":83},[47,38374,4002],{"class":586},[47,38376,590],{"class":83},[47,38378,37048],{"class":586},[47,38380,3030],{"class":83},[47,38382,38383,38385,38387],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,38384,38268],{"class":53},[47,38386,58],{"class":57},[47,38388,7238],{"class":83},[47,38390,38391],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,38392,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,38394,38395,38397,38399,38401,38403],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,38396,5359],{"class":655},[47,38398,5787],{"class":53},[47,38400,3278],{"class":655},[47,38402,3659],{"class":53},[47,38404,679],{"class":83},[47,38406,38407,38409,38411,38413,38415,38417,38419],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,38408,5798],{"class":655},[47,38410,5787],{"class":53},[47,38412,5803],{"class":57},[47,38414,2382],{"class":586},[47,38416,669],{"class":57},[47,38418,3230],{"class":586},[47,38420,679],{"class":83},[47,38422,38423,38426,38428,38430,38432,38434],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,38424,38425],{"class":53},"        evens",[47,38427,84],{"class":83},[47,38429,12954],{"class":87},[47,38431,101],{"class":83},[47,38433,878],{"class":87},[47,38435,107],{"class":83},[47,38437,38438],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,38439,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,38441,38442,38444,38446,38448],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,38443,98],{"class":97},[47,38445,101],{"class":83},[47,38447,38313],{"class":87},[47,38449,107],{"class":83},[20,38451,338],{},[38,38453,38454],{"className":40,"code":37994,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,38455,38456],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38457,38458,38460,38462,38464,38466,38468,38470],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38459,3296],{"class":83},[47,38461,1449],{"class":586},[47,38463,590],{"class":83},[47,38465,1847],{"class":586},[47,38467,590],{"class":83},[47,38469,37048],{"class":586},[47,38471,3030],{"class":83},[20,38473,38474],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[38,38476,38478],{"className":40,"code":38477,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38479,38480,38512,38545,38549],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38481,38482,38484,38486,38488,38490,38492,38494,38496,38498,38500,38502,38504,38506,38508,38510],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38483,3012],{"class":53},[47,38485,58],{"class":57},[47,38487,3017],{"class":83},[47,38489,2377],{"class":586},[47,38491,590],{"class":83},[47,38493,2382],{"class":586},[47,38495,590],{"class":83},[47,38497,1841],{"class":586},[47,38499,590],{"class":83},[47,38501,1847],{"class":586},[47,38503,590],{"class":83},[47,38505,4002],{"class":586},[47,38507,590],{"class":83},[47,38509,37048],{"class":586},[47,38511,3030],{"class":83},[47,38513,38514,38516,38518,38520,38522,38524,38526,38528,38531,38533,38535,38537,38539,38541,38543],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,38515,38268],{"class":53},[47,38517,58],{"class":57},[47,38519,3017],{"class":83},[47,38521,864],{"class":53},[47,38523,5359],{"class":655},[47,38525,5787],{"class":53},[47,38527,3278],{"class":655},[47,38529,38530],{"class":53}," numbers ",[47,38532,656],{"class":655},[47,38534,5787],{"class":53},[47,38536,5803],{"class":57},[47,38538,2382],{"class":586},[47,38540,669],{"class":57},[47,38542,3230],{"class":586},[47,38544,3030],{"class":83},[47,38546,38547],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,38548,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,38550,38551,38553,38555,38557],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,38552,98],{"class":97},[47,38554,101],{"class":83},[47,38556,38313],{"class":87},[47,38558,107],{"class":83},[20,38560,338],{},[38,38562,38563],{"className":40,"code":37994,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,38564,38565],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38566,38567,38569,38571,38573,38575,38577,38579],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38568,3296],{"class":83},[47,38570,1449],{"class":586},[47,38572,590],{"class":83},[47,38574,1847],{"class":586},[47,38576,590],{"class":83},[47,38578,37048],{"class":586},[47,38580,3030],{"class":83},[20,38582,38583,38584,84],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[154,38585,38587],{"href":38586},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[33,38589,722],{"id":721},[20,38591,14135,38592,84],{},[15,38593,36980],{},[724,38595,7852,38597,38599],{"id":38596},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,38598,36980],{}," to return a list",[20,38601,38602],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[38,38604,38606],{"className":40,"code":38605,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,38607,38608,38650],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38609,38610,38612,38614,38616,38618,38620,38622,38624,38626,38628,38630,38632,38634,38636,38638,38640,38642,38644,38646,38648],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38611,75],{"class":53},[47,38613,58],{"class":57},[47,38615,37059],{"class":97},[47,38617,101],{"class":83},[47,38619,37064],{"class":1458},[47,38621,37068],{"class":37067},[47,38623,1032],{"class":83},[47,38625,3275],{"class":87},[47,38627,3648],{"class":57},[47,38629,2382],{"class":586},[47,38631,590],{"class":83},[47,38633,3017],{"class":83},[47,38635,2377],{"class":586},[47,38637,590],{"class":83},[47,38639,2382],{"class":586},[47,38641,590],{"class":83},[47,38643,1841],{"class":586},[47,38645,590],{"class":83},[47,38647,1847],{"class":586},[47,38649,3284],{"class":83},[47,38651,38652,38654,38656,38658],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,38653,98],{"class":97},[47,38655,101],{"class":83},[47,38657,104],{"class":87},[47,38659,107],{"class":83},[20,38661,38662],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,38664,38665],{},"Fix:",[38,38667,38669],{"className":40,"code":38668,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38670,38671,38713],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38672,38673,38675,38677,38679,38681,38683,38685,38687,38689,38691,38693,38695,38697,38699,38701,38703,38705,38707,38709,38711],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38674,75],{"class":53},[47,38676,58],{"class":57},[47,38678,37059],{"class":97},[47,38680,101],{"class":83},[47,38682,37064],{"class":1458},[47,38684,37068],{"class":37067},[47,38686,1032],{"class":83},[47,38688,3275],{"class":87},[47,38690,3648],{"class":57},[47,38692,2382],{"class":586},[47,38694,590],{"class":83},[47,38696,3017],{"class":83},[47,38698,2377],{"class":586},[47,38700,590],{"class":83},[47,38702,2382],{"class":586},[47,38704,590],{"class":83},[47,38706,1841],{"class":586},[47,38708,590],{"class":83},[47,38710,1847],{"class":586},[47,38712,3284],{"class":83},[47,38714,38715,38717,38719,38721,38723,38725],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,38716,98],{"class":97},[47,38718,101],{"class":83},[47,38720,7492],{"class":919},[47,38722,101],{"class":83},[47,38724,104],{"class":87},[47,38726,1419],{"class":83},[724,38728,38730,38731,158,38733,38735],{"id":38729},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,38732,2997],{},[15,38734,3070],{}," clearly",[20,38737,38738],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,38740,38741],{},"Good example:",[38,38743,38745],{"className":40,"code":38744,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,38746,38747,38760],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38748,38749,38751,38754,38756,38758],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38750,34254],{"class":1458},[47,38752,38753],{"class":34257}," is_positive",[47,38755,101],{"class":83},[47,38757,878],{"class":37067},[47,38759,7740],{"class":83},[47,38761,38762,38764,38766,38768],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,38763,34265],{"class":655},[47,38765,5787],{"class":53},[47,38767,3648],{"class":57},[47,38769,37916],{"class":586},[20,38771,38772],{},"Then use it with:",[38,38774,38776],{"className":40,"code":38775,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,38777,38778,38810],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38779,38780,38782,38784,38786,38788,38790,38792,38794,38796,38798,38800,38802,38804,38806,38808],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38781,3012],{"class":53},[47,38783,58],{"class":57},[47,38785,3017],{"class":83},[47,38787,1413],{"class":57},[47,38789,1449],{"class":586},[47,38791,590],{"class":83},[47,38793,1612],{"class":57},[47,38795,2377],{"class":586},[47,38797,590],{"class":83},[47,38799,3230],{"class":586},[47,38801,590],{"class":83},[47,38803,4898],{"class":586},[47,38805,590],{"class":83},[47,38807,2382],{"class":586},[47,38809,3030],{"class":83},[47,38811,38812,38814,38816,38818,38820,38822,38824,38827,38829,38831],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,38813,98],{"class":97},[47,38815,101],{"class":83},[47,38817,7492],{"class":919},[47,38819,101],{"class":83},[47,38821,37006],{"class":97},[47,38823,101],{"class":83},[47,38825,38826],{"class":87},"is_positive",[47,38828,590],{"class":83},[47,38830,3659],{"class":87},[47,38832,2300],{"class":83},[20,38834,338],{},[38,38836,38838],{"className":40,"code":38837,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2]\n",[15,38839,38840],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38841,38842,38844,38846,38848,38850],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38843,3296],{"class":83},[47,38845,2377],{"class":586},[47,38847,590],{"class":83},[47,38849,2382],{"class":586},[47,38851,3030],{"class":83},[724,38853,38855],{"id":38854},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,38857,38858],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[38,38860,38861],{"className":40,"code":37602,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,38862,38863,38905,38909,38923],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38864,38865,38867,38869,38871,38873,38875,38877,38879,38881,38883,38885,38887,38889,38891,38893,38895,38897,38899,38901,38903],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38866,75],{"class":53},[47,38868,58],{"class":57},[47,38870,37059],{"class":97},[47,38872,101],{"class":83},[47,38874,37064],{"class":1458},[47,38876,37068],{"class":37067},[47,38878,1032],{"class":83},[47,38880,3275],{"class":87},[47,38882,3648],{"class":57},[47,38884,2382],{"class":586},[47,38886,590],{"class":83},[47,38888,3017],{"class":83},[47,38890,2377],{"class":586},[47,38892,590],{"class":83},[47,38894,2382],{"class":586},[47,38896,590],{"class":83},[47,38898,1841],{"class":586},[47,38900,590],{"class":83},[47,38902,1847],{"class":586},[47,38904,3284],{"class":83},[47,38906,38907],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,38908,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,38910,38911,38913,38915,38917,38919,38921],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,38912,98],{"class":97},[47,38914,101],{"class":83},[47,38916,7492],{"class":919},[47,38918,101],{"class":83},[47,38920,104],{"class":87},[47,38922,1419],{"class":83},[47,38924,38925,38927,38929,38931,38933,38935],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,38926,98],{"class":97},[47,38928,101],{"class":83},[47,38930,7492],{"class":919},[47,38932,101],{"class":83},[47,38934,104],{"class":87},[47,38936,1419],{"class":83},[20,38938,338],{},[38,38940,38941],{"className":40,"code":37683,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,38942,38943,38955],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38944,38945,38947,38949,38951,38953],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38946,3296],{"class":83},[47,38948,1455],{"class":586},[47,38950,590],{"class":83},[47,38952,1847],{"class":586},[47,38954,3030],{"class":83},[47,38956,38957],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,38958,37702],{"class":83},[20,38960,38961],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[38,38963,38965],{"className":40,"code":38964,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,38966,38967,39013,39017,39027],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38968,38969,38971,38973,38975,38977,38979,38981,38983,38985,38987,38989,38991,38993,38995,38997,38999,39001,39003,39005,39007,39009,39011],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38970,75],{"class":53},[47,38972,58],{"class":57},[47,38974,21962],{"class":919},[47,38976,101],{"class":83},[47,38978,37006],{"class":97},[47,38980,101],{"class":83},[47,38982,37064],{"class":1458},[47,38984,37068],{"class":37067},[47,38986,1032],{"class":83},[47,38988,3275],{"class":87},[47,38990,3648],{"class":57},[47,38992,2382],{"class":586},[47,38994,590],{"class":83},[47,38996,3017],{"class":83},[47,38998,2377],{"class":586},[47,39000,590],{"class":83},[47,39002,2382],{"class":586},[47,39004,590],{"class":83},[47,39006,1841],{"class":586},[47,39008,590],{"class":83},[47,39010,1847],{"class":586},[47,39012,2389],{"class":83},[47,39014,39015],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,39016,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,39018,39019,39021,39023,39025],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,39020,98],{"class":97},[47,39022,101],{"class":83},[47,39024,104],{"class":87},[47,39026,107],{"class":83},[47,39028,39029,39031,39033,39035],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,39030,98],{"class":97},[47,39032,101],{"class":83},[47,39034,104],{"class":87},[47,39036,107],{"class":83},[724,39038,39040],{"id":39039},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39042,39043],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39045,737],{},[38,39047,39049],{"className":40,"code":39048,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39050,39051],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39052,39053],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39054,39048],{"class":113},[20,39056,887,39057,5951],{},[15,39058,1719],{},[20,39060,788],{},[38,39062,39064],{"className":40,"code":39063,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39065,39066],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39067,39068,39070,39072,39074,39076,39078,39080,39082,39084,39086,39088,39090,39092,39094,39096,39098,39100,39102,39104,39106,39108,39110],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39069,98],{"class":97},[47,39071,101],{"class":83},[47,39073,7492],{"class":919},[47,39075,101],{"class":83},[47,39077,37006],{"class":97},[47,39079,101],{"class":83},[47,39081,37064],{"class":1458},[47,39083,37068],{"class":37067},[47,39085,1032],{"class":83},[47,39087,3275],{"class":87},[47,39089,3648],{"class":57},[47,39091,2382],{"class":586},[47,39093,590],{"class":83},[47,39095,3017],{"class":83},[47,39097,2377],{"class":586},[47,39099,590],{"class":83},[47,39101,2382],{"class":586},[47,39103,590],{"class":83},[47,39105,1841],{"class":586},[47,39107,590],{"class":83},[47,39109,1847],{"class":586},[47,39111,36669],{"class":83},[724,39113,946,39115,8101,39117],{"id":39114},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39116,36980],{},[15,39118,39119],{},"map()",[133,39121,39122,39127],{},[136,39123,39124,39126],{},[15,39125,36980],{}," keeps or removes items",[136,39128,39129,39131],{},[15,39130,39119],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39133,39134,39135,1032],{},"Example of ",[15,39136,36980],{},[38,39138,39140],{"className":40,"code":39139,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39141,39142,39166],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39143,39144,39146,39148,39150,39152,39154,39156,39158,39160,39162,39164],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39145,3012],{"class":53},[47,39147,58],{"class":57},[47,39149,3017],{"class":83},[47,39151,2377],{"class":586},[47,39153,590],{"class":83},[47,39155,2382],{"class":586},[47,39157,590],{"class":83},[47,39159,1841],{"class":586},[47,39161,590],{"class":83},[47,39163,1847],{"class":586},[47,39165,3030],{"class":83},[47,39167,39168,39170,39172,39174,39176,39178,39180,39182,39184,39186,39188,39190,39192,39194,39196],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,39169,98],{"class":97},[47,39171,101],{"class":83},[47,39173,7492],{"class":919},[47,39175,101],{"class":83},[47,39177,37006],{"class":97},[47,39179,101],{"class":83},[47,39181,37064],{"class":1458},[47,39183,37068],{"class":37067},[47,39185,1032],{"class":83},[47,39187,3275],{"class":87},[47,39189,3648],{"class":57},[47,39191,2382],{"class":586},[47,39193,590],{"class":83},[47,39195,3659],{"class":87},[47,39197,2300],{"class":83},[20,39199,338],{},[38,39201,39203],{"className":40,"code":39202,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39204,39205],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39206,39207,39209,39211,39213,39215],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39208,3296],{"class":83},[47,39210,1455],{"class":586},[47,39212,590],{"class":83},[47,39214,1847],{"class":586},[47,39216,3030],{"class":83},[20,39218,39134,39219,1032],{},[15,39220,39119],{},[38,39222,39224],{"className":40,"code":39223,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39225,39226,39250],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39227,39228,39230,39232,39234,39236,39238,39240,39242,39244,39246,39248],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39229,3012],{"class":53},[47,39231,58],{"class":57},[47,39233,3017],{"class":83},[47,39235,2377],{"class":586},[47,39237,590],{"class":83},[47,39239,2382],{"class":586},[47,39241,590],{"class":83},[47,39243,1841],{"class":586},[47,39245,590],{"class":83},[47,39247,1847],{"class":586},[47,39249,3030],{"class":83},[47,39251,39252,39254,39256,39258,39260,39263,39265,39267,39269,39271,39273,39276,39278,39280,39282],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,39253,98],{"class":97},[47,39255,101],{"class":83},[47,39257,7492],{"class":919},[47,39259,101],{"class":83},[47,39261,39262],{"class":97},"map",[47,39264,101],{"class":83},[47,39266,37064],{"class":1458},[47,39268,37068],{"class":37067},[47,39270,1032],{"class":83},[47,39272,3275],{"class":87},[47,39274,39275],{"class":57},"*",[47,39277,2382],{"class":586},[47,39279,590],{"class":83},[47,39281,3659],{"class":87},[47,39283,2300],{"class":83},[20,39285,338],{},[38,39287,39289],{"className":40,"code":39288,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39290,39291],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39292,39293,39295,39297,39299,39301,39303,39305,39307,39309],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39294,3296],{"class":83},[47,39296,1449],{"class":586},[47,39298,590],{"class":83},[47,39300,1847],{"class":586},[47,39302,590],{"class":83},[47,39304,37048],{"class":586},[47,39306,590],{"class":83},[47,39308,5760],{"class":586},[47,39310,3030],{"class":83},[20,39312,39313,39314,84],{},"For the related function, see ",[154,39315,2968,39317,2901],{"href":39316},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39318,39119],{},[33,39320,1155],{"id":1154},[724,39322,1159,39324,39326],{"id":39323},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,39325,36980],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,39328,39329,39330,39332],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,39331,24184],{}," if needed.",[724,39334,39336,39337,39339],{"id":39335},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,39338,36980],{}," need to return?",[20,39341,37287,39342,39344,39345,39347],{},[15,39343,2997],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,39346,3070],{}," to remove it.",[724,39349,1190,39351,39353],{"id":39350},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,39352,36980],{}," without lambda?",[20,39355,39356],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[724,39358,4540,39360,39363],{"id":39359},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,39361,39362],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,39365,39366,39367,39369,39370,16474,39372,84],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,39368,1514],{},", empty strings, ",[15,39371,3174],{},[15,39373,3070],{},[724,39375,20822,39377,39379],{"id":39376},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,39378,36980],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,39381,39382,39383,39385],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,39384,5359],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,39387,39388],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[133,39390,39391,39397,39403],{},[136,39392,39393,39394,39396],{},"use ",[15,39395,36980],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[136,39398,39399,39400,39402],{},"use a ",[15,39401,5359],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[136,39404,39405],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,39407,39408,39409,84],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[154,39410,4530],{"href":39411},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[33,39413,1275],{"id":1274},[133,39415,39416,39421,39425,39430,39436],{},[136,39417,39418],{},[154,39419,39420],{"href":37857},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[136,39422,39423],{},[154,39424,4620],{"href":39411},[136,39426,39427],{},[154,39428,39429],{"href":38586},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[136,39431,39432],{},[154,39433,2968,39434,2901],{"href":39316},[15,39435,39119],{},[136,39437,39438],{},[154,39439,4615],{"href":4987},[1320,39441,39442],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":39444},[39445,39446,39448,39452,39455,39457,39459,39461,39463,39473,39485],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":37114,"depth":72,"text":39447},"What filter() does",{"id":37248,"depth":72,"text":37249,"children":39449},[39450,39451],{"id":37265,"depth":94,"text":37265},{"id":3116,"depth":94,"text":3116},{"id":37424,"depth":72,"text":37425,"children":39453},[39454],{"id":37595,"depth":94,"text":37596},{"id":37708,"depth":72,"text":39456},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":37861,"depth":72,"text":39458},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38023,"depth":72,"text":39460},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38203,"depth":72,"text":39462},"When to use filter()",{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722,"children":39464},[39465,39467,39469,39470,39471],{"id":38596,"depth":94,"text":39466},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":38729,"depth":94,"text":39468},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":38854,"depth":94,"text":38855},{"id":39039,"depth":94,"text":39040},{"id":39114,"depth":94,"text":39472},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":39474},[39475,39477,39479,39481,39483],{"id":39323,"depth":94,"text":39476},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39335,"depth":94,"text":39478},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39350,"depth":94,"text":39480},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39359,"depth":94,"text":39482},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39376,"depth":94,"text":39484},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":36972,"description":39486},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":39493,"title":39494,"body":39495,"description":41647,"extension":1354,"meta":41648,"navigation":311,"path":41649,"seo":41650,"stem":41651,"__hash__":41652},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":39496,"toc":41601},[39497,39500,39505,39511,39513,39565,39567,39586,39591,39595,39600,39603,39618,39621,39643,39645,39694,39696,39720,39722,39724,39739,39744,39752,39767,39769,39778,39781,39816,39820,39825,39829,39836,39871,39873,39889,39893,39896,39937,39939,39953,39957,39960,39984,39986,39995,39999,40002,40035,40037,40050,40054,40060,40079,40081,40089,40093,40098,40102,40108,40131,40133,40162,40165,40184,40188,40191,40218,40220,40254,40258,40261,40285,40289,40300,40302,40307,40313,40315,40399,40401,40443,40446,40450,40457,40466,40522,40529,40538,40543,40547,40618,40620,40629,40633,40636,40680,40682,40691,40695,40701,40751,40755,40760,40764,40788,40790,40799,40803,40827,40829,40840,40844,40868,40870,40879,40882,40899,40905,40909,40915,40918,40923,40926,40947,40949,40981,40984,40989,40991,41002,41004,41048,41052,41058,41110,41112,41121,41125,41128,41221,41224,41248,41252,41255,41347,41352,41356,41363,41368,41392,41394,41403,41408,41431,41433,41441,41448,41471,41479,41481,41494,41504,41506,41510,41517,41521,41530,41534,41541,41545,41549,41553,41566,41568,41598],[10,39498,39494],{"id":39499},"python-float-function-explained",[20,39501,8520,39502,39504],{},[15,39503,2272],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,39506,39507,39508,39510],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,39509,2272],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[33,39512,36],{"id":35},[38,39514,39516],{"className":40,"code":39515,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,39517,39518,39532,39551],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39519,39520,39522,39524,39526,39528,39530],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39521,98],{"class":97},[47,39523,101],{"class":83},[47,39525,1584],{"class":919},[47,39527,101],{"class":83},[47,39529,1531],{"class":586},[47,39531,1419],{"class":83},[47,39533,39534,39536,39538,39540,39542,39544,39547,39549],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,39535,98],{"class":97},[47,39537,101],{"class":83},[47,39539,1584],{"class":919},[47,39541,101],{"class":83},[47,39543,253],{"class":61},[47,39545,39546],{"class":65},"3.14",[47,39548,253],{"class":61},[47,39550,1419],{"class":83},[47,39552,39553,39555,39557,39559,39561,39563],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,39554,98],{"class":97},[47,39556,101],{"class":83},[47,39558,1584],{"class":919},[47,39560,101],{"class":83},[47,39562,2997],{"class":1271},[47,39564,1419],{"class":83},[20,39566,338],{},[38,39568,39570],{"className":40,"code":39569,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,39571,39572,39576,39581],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39573,39574],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39575,1870],{"class":586},[47,39577,39578],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,39579,39580],{"class":586},"3.14\n",[47,39582,39583],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,39584,39585],{"class":586},"1.0\n",[20,39587,1486,39588,39590],{},[15,39589,2272],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[33,39592,39594],{"id":39593},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,39596,39597,39599],{},[15,39598,2272],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,39601,39602],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[133,39604,39605,39609,39613],{},[136,39606,39607],{},[15,39608,1882],{},[136,39610,39611],{},[15,39612,39546],{},[136,39614,39615],{},[15,39616,39617],{},"0.5",[20,39619,39620],{},"A few key points:",[133,39622,39623,39630,39633,39636],{},[136,39624,39625,39627,39628],{},[15,39626,2272],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,39629,1584],{},[136,39631,39632],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[136,39634,39635],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[136,39637,39638,39639],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[154,39640,39641],{"href":7617},[15,39642,2346],{},[20,39644,538],{},[38,39646,39648],{"className":40,"code":39647,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,39649,39650,39670,39680],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39651,39652,39654,39656,39659,39661,39663,39666,39668],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39653,864],{"class":53},[47,39655,58],{"class":57},[47,39657,39658],{"class":919}," float",[47,39660,101],{"class":83},[47,39662,253],{"class":61},[47,39664,39665],{"class":65},"2.75",[47,39667,253],{"class":61},[47,39669,107],{"class":83},[47,39671,39672,39674,39676,39678],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,39673,98],{"class":97},[47,39675,101],{"class":83},[47,39677,878],{"class":87},[47,39679,107],{"class":83},[47,39681,39682,39684,39686,39688,39690,39692],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,39683,98],{"class":97},[47,39685,101],{"class":83},[47,39687,2613],{"class":919},[47,39689,101],{"class":83},[47,39691,878],{"class":87},[47,39693,1419],{"class":83},[20,39695,338],{},[38,39697,39699],{"className":40,"code":39698,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,39700,39701,39706],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39702,39703],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39704,39705],{"class":586},"2.75\n",[47,39707,39708,39710,39712,39714,39716,39718],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,39709,2682],{"class":57},[47,39711,2685],{"class":1458},[47,39713,2688],{"class":61},[47,39715,1584],{"class":65},[47,39717,2693],{"class":61},[47,39719,2696],{"class":57},[33,39721,166],{"id":165},[20,39723,6617],{},[38,39725,39727],{"className":40,"code":39726,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"float(value)\n",[15,39728,39729],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39730,39731,39733,39735,39737],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39732,1584],{"class":919},[47,39734,101],{"class":83},[47,39736,1863],{"class":87},[47,39738,107],{"class":83},[20,39740,39741,39742,84],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,39743,2272],{},[20,39745,39746,39747,39749,39750,1032],{},"If you call ",[15,39748,2272],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,39751,3164],{},[38,39753,39755],{"className":40,"code":39754,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float())\n",[15,39756,39757],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39758,39759,39761,39763,39765],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39760,98],{"class":97},[47,39762,101],{"class":83},[47,39764,1584],{"class":919},[47,39766,236],{"class":83},[20,39768,338],{},[38,39770,39772],{"className":40,"code":39771,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0.0\n",[15,39773,39774],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39775,39776],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39777,39771],{"class":586},[20,39779,39780],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[38,39782,39784],{"className":40,"code":39783,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,39785,39786,39806],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39787,39788,39791,39793,39795,39797,39799,39802,39804],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39789,39790],{"class":53},"price ",[47,39792,58],{"class":57},[47,39794,39658],{"class":919},[47,39796,101],{"class":83},[47,39798,253],{"class":61},[47,39800,39801],{"class":65},"19.99",[47,39803,253],{"class":61},[47,39805,107],{"class":83},[47,39807,39808,39810,39812,39814],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,39809,98],{"class":97},[47,39811,101],{"class":83},[47,39813,24553],{"class":87},[47,39815,107],{"class":83},[33,39817,39819],{"id":39818},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,39821,39822,39824],{},[15,39823,2272],{}," can convert several common value types.",[724,39826,39828],{"id":39827},"integers","Integers",[20,39830,39831,39832,39835],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,39833,39834],{},".0"," added:",[38,39837,39839],{"className":40,"code":39838,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,39840,39841,39855],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39842,39843,39845,39847,39849,39851,39853],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39844,98],{"class":97},[47,39846,101],{"class":83},[47,39848,1584],{"class":919},[47,39850,101],{"class":83},[47,39852,1531],{"class":586},[47,39854,1419],{"class":83},[47,39856,39857,39859,39861,39863,39865,39867,39869],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,39858,98],{"class":97},[47,39860,101],{"class":83},[47,39862,1584],{"class":919},[47,39864,101],{"class":83},[47,39866,1413],{"class":57},[47,39868,1449],{"class":586},[47,39870,1419],{"class":83},[20,39872,338],{},[38,39874,39876],{"className":40,"code":39875,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,39877,39878,39882],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39879,39880],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39881,1870],{"class":586},[47,39883,39884,39886],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,39885,1413],{"class":57},[47,39887,39888],{"class":586},"2.0\n",[724,39890,39892],{"id":39891},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,39894,39895],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[38,39897,39899],{"className":40,"code":39898,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,39900,39901,39919],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39902,39903,39905,39907,39909,39911,39913,39915,39917],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39904,98],{"class":97},[47,39906,101],{"class":83},[47,39908,1584],{"class":919},[47,39910,101],{"class":83},[47,39912,253],{"class":61},[47,39914,39546],{"class":65},[47,39916,253],{"class":61},[47,39918,1419],{"class":83},[47,39920,39921,39923,39925,39927,39929,39931,39933,39935],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,39922,98],{"class":97},[47,39924,101],{"class":83},[47,39926,1584],{"class":919},[47,39928,101],{"class":83},[47,39930,253],{"class":61},[47,39932,1719],{"class":65},[47,39934,253],{"class":61},[47,39936,1419],{"class":83},[20,39938,338],{},[38,39940,39942],{"className":40,"code":39941,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,39943,39944,39948],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39945,39946],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39947,39580],{"class":586},[47,39949,39950],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,39951,39952],{"class":586},"10.0\n",[724,39954,39956],{"id":39955},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,39958,39959],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[38,39961,39963],{"className":40,"code":39962,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,39964,39965],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39966,39967,39969,39971,39973,39975,39977,39980,39982],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39968,98],{"class":97},[47,39970,101],{"class":83},[47,39972,1584],{"class":919},[47,39974,101],{"class":83},[47,39976,253],{"class":61},[47,39978,39979],{"class":65},"  8.5  ",[47,39981,253],{"class":61},[47,39983,1419],{"class":83},[20,39985,338],{},[38,39987,39989],{"className":40,"code":39988,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"8.5\n",[15,39990,39991],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39992,39993],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39994,39988],{"class":586},[724,39996,39998],{"id":39997},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40000,40001],{},"Boolean values also work:",[38,40003,40005],{"className":40,"code":40004,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40006,40007,40021],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40008,40009,40011,40013,40015,40017,40019],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40010,98],{"class":97},[47,40012,101],{"class":83},[47,40014,1584],{"class":919},[47,40016,101],{"class":83},[47,40018,2997],{"class":1271},[47,40020,1419],{"class":83},[47,40022,40023,40025,40027,40029,40031,40033],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,40024,98],{"class":97},[47,40026,101],{"class":83},[47,40028,1584],{"class":919},[47,40030,101],{"class":83},[47,40032,3070],{"class":1271},[47,40034,1419],{"class":83},[20,40036,338],{},[38,40038,40040],{"className":40,"code":40039,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40041,40042,40046],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40043,40044],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40045,39585],{"class":586},[47,40047,40048],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,40049,39771],{"class":586},[724,40051,40053],{"id":40052},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40055,40056,40057,40059],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40058,2272],{}," returns a float version of it:",[38,40061,40063],{"className":40,"code":40062,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40064,40065],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40066,40067,40069,40071,40073,40075,40077],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40068,98],{"class":97},[47,40070,101],{"class":83},[47,40072,1584],{"class":919},[47,40074,101],{"class":83},[47,40076,1751],{"class":586},[47,40078,1419],{"class":83},[20,40080,338],{},[38,40082,40083],{"className":40,"code":1775,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,40084,40085],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40086,40087],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40088,1775],{"class":586},[33,40090,40092],{"id":40091},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40094,40095,40096,84],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40097,2272],{},[724,40099,40101],{"id":40100},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40103,40104,40105,1032],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40106,40107],{},"ValueError",[38,40109,40111],{"className":40,"code":40110,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40112,40113],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40114,40115,40117,40119,40121,40123,40125,40127,40129],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40116,98],{"class":97},[47,40118,101],{"class":83},[47,40120,1584],{"class":919},[47,40122,101],{"class":83},[47,40124,253],{"class":61},[47,40126,256],{"class":65},[47,40128,253],{"class":61},[47,40130,1419],{"class":83},[20,40132,29085],{},[38,40134,40136],{"className":40,"code":40135,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40137,40138],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40139,40140,40142,40144,40147,40149,40152,40154,40156,40158,40160],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40141,40107],{"class":919},[47,40143,1032],{"class":83},[47,40145,40146],{"class":53}," could ",[47,40148,123],{"class":57},[47,40150,40151],{"class":53}," convert string to ",[47,40153,1584],{"class":919},[47,40155,1032],{"class":83},[47,40157,2688],{"class":61},[47,40159,256],{"class":65},[47,40161,29104],{"class":61},[20,40163,40164],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[38,40166,40168],{"className":40,"code":40167,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40169,40170],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40171,40172,40174,40176,40178,40180,40182],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40173,98],{"class":97},[47,40175,101],{"class":83},[47,40177,1584],{"class":919},[47,40179,101],{"class":83},[47,40181,5672],{"class":61},[47,40183,1419],{"class":83},[724,40185,40187],{"id":40186},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40189,40190],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[38,40192,40194],{"className":40,"code":40193,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40195,40196],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40197,40198,40200,40202,40204,40206,40208,40210,40212,40214,40216],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40199,98],{"class":97},[47,40201,101],{"class":83},[47,40203,1584],{"class":919},[47,40205,2374],{"class":83},[47,40207,2377],{"class":586},[47,40209,590],{"class":83},[47,40211,2382],{"class":586},[47,40213,590],{"class":83},[47,40215,1841],{"class":586},[47,40217,2389],{"class":83},[20,40219,29085],{},[38,40221,40223],{"className":40,"code":40222,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40224,40225],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40226,40227,40229,40231,40233,40235,40238,40241,40244,40246,40248,40250,40252],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40228,2395],{"class":919},[47,40230,1032],{"class":83},[47,40232,39658],{"class":919},[47,40234,666],{"class":83},[47,40236,40237],{"class":53}," argument must be a string ",[47,40239,40240],{"class":57},"or",[47,40242,40243],{"class":53}," a real number",[47,40245,590],{"class":83},[47,40247,7498],{"class":57},[47,40249,2688],{"class":61},[47,40251,7492],{"class":65},[47,40253,29104],{"class":61},[724,40255,40257],{"id":40256},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40259,40260],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[38,40262,40264],{"className":40,"code":40263,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40265,40266],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40267,40268,40270,40272,40274,40276,40278,40281,40283],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40269,98],{"class":97},[47,40271,101],{"class":83},[47,40273,1584],{"class":919},[47,40275,101],{"class":83},[47,40277,253],{"class":61},[47,40279,40280],{"class":65},"3,14",[47,40282,253],{"class":61},[47,40284,1419],{"class":83},[20,40286,2392,40287,84],{},[15,40288,40107],{},[20,40290,40291,40292,1063,40296,84],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[154,40293,40295],{"href":40294},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[154,40297,40299],{"href":40298},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[33,40301,16821],{"id":16820},[20,40303,40304,40306],{},[15,40305,2272],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40308,40309,40310,40312],{},"It does ",[121,40311,123],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,40314,538],{},[38,40316,40318],{"className":40,"code":40317,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40319,40320,40333,40347,40351,40361,40371,40385],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40321,40322,40324,40326,40328,40331],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40323,54],{"class":53},[47,40325,58],{"class":57},[47,40327,62],{"class":61},[47,40329,40330],{"class":65},"6.5",[47,40332,69],{"class":61},[47,40334,40335,40337,40339,40341,40343,40345],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,40336,864],{"class":53},[47,40338,58],{"class":57},[47,40340,39658],{"class":919},[47,40342,101],{"class":83},[47,40344,565],{"class":87},[47,40346,107],{"class":83},[47,40348,40349],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,40350,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,40352,40353,40355,40357,40359],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,40354,98],{"class":97},[47,40356,101],{"class":83},[47,40358,565],{"class":87},[47,40360,107],{"class":83},[47,40362,40363,40365,40367,40369],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,40364,98],{"class":97},[47,40366,101],{"class":83},[47,40368,878],{"class":87},[47,40370,107],{"class":83},[47,40372,40373,40375,40377,40379,40381,40383],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,40374,98],{"class":97},[47,40376,101],{"class":83},[47,40378,2613],{"class":919},[47,40380,101],{"class":83},[47,40382,565],{"class":87},[47,40384,1419],{"class":83},[47,40386,40387,40389,40391,40393,40395,40397],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,40388,98],{"class":97},[47,40390,101],{"class":83},[47,40392,2613],{"class":919},[47,40394,101],{"class":83},[47,40396,878],{"class":87},[47,40398,1419],{"class":83},[20,40400,338],{},[38,40402,40404],{"className":40,"code":40403,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40405,40406,40411,40415,40429],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40407,40408],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40409,40410],{"class":586},"6.5\n",[47,40412,40413],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,40414,40410],{"class":586},[47,40416,40417,40419,40421,40423,40425,40427],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,40418,2682],{"class":57},[47,40420,2685],{"class":1458},[47,40422,2688],{"class":61},[47,40424,920],{"class":65},[47,40426,2693],{"class":61},[47,40428,2696],{"class":57},[47,40430,40431,40433,40435,40437,40439,40441],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,40432,2682],{"class":57},[47,40434,2685],{"class":1458},[47,40436,2688],{"class":61},[47,40438,1584],{"class":65},[47,40440,2693],{"class":61},[47,40442,2696],{"class":57},[20,40444,40445],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[33,40447,40449],{"id":40448},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[724,40451,40453,40454,40456],{"id":40452},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,40455,2346],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,40458,1371,40459,40463,40464,84],{},[154,40460,40461,1691],{"href":7617},[15,40462,2346],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,40465,2272],{},[38,40467,40469],{"className":40,"code":40468,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,40470,40471,40490,40504,40508],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40472,40473,40475,40477,40479,40481,40483,40486,40488],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40474,7635],{"class":53},[47,40476,58],{"class":57},[47,40478,7640],{"class":97},[47,40480,101],{"class":83},[47,40482,253],{"class":61},[47,40484,40485],{"class":65},"Enter a price: ",[47,40487,253],{"class":61},[47,40489,107],{"class":83},[47,40491,40492,40494,40496,40498,40500,40502],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,40493,39790],{"class":53},[47,40495,58],{"class":57},[47,40497,39658],{"class":919},[47,40499,101],{"class":83},[47,40501,7664],{"class":87},[47,40503,107],{"class":83},[47,40505,40506],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,40507,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,40509,40510,40512,40514,40516,40518,40520],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,40511,98],{"class":97},[47,40513,101],{"class":83},[47,40515,39790],{"class":87},[47,40517,39275],{"class":57},[47,40519,2382],{"class":586},[47,40521,107],{"class":83},[20,40523,40524,40525,40528],{},"If the user enters ",[15,40526,40527],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[38,40530,40532],{"className":40,"code":40531,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"9.0\n",[15,40533,40534],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40535,40536],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40537,40531],{"class":586},[20,40539,40540,40541,84],{},"For more help with this, see ",[154,40542,8378],{"href":8377},[724,40544,40546],{"id":40545},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[38,40548,40550],{"className":40,"code":40549,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,40551,40552,40565,40578,40582,40607],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40553,40554,40556,40558,40560,40563],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40555,1208],{"class":53},[47,40557,58],{"class":57},[47,40559,62],{"class":61},[47,40561,40562],{"class":65},"2.5",[47,40564,69],{"class":61},[47,40566,40567,40569,40571,40573,40576],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,40568,1221],{"class":53},[47,40570,58],{"class":57},[47,40572,62],{"class":61},[47,40574,40575],{"class":65},"1.5",[47,40577,69],{"class":61},[47,40579,40580],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,40581,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,40583,40584,40587,40589,40591,40593,40595,40597,40599,40601,40603,40605],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,40585,40586],{"class":53},"total ",[47,40588,58],{"class":57},[47,40590,39658],{"class":919},[47,40592,101],{"class":83},[47,40594,154],{"class":87},[47,40596,3057],{"class":83},[47,40598,1844],{"class":57},[47,40600,39658],{"class":919},[47,40602,101],{"class":83},[47,40604,4158],{"class":87},[47,40606,107],{"class":83},[47,40608,40609,40611,40613,40616],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,40610,98],{"class":97},[47,40612,101],{"class":83},[47,40614,40615],{"class":87},"total",[47,40617,107],{"class":83},[20,40619,338],{},[38,40621,40623],{"className":40,"code":40622,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"4.0\n",[15,40624,40625],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40626,40627],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40628,40622],{"class":586},[724,40630,40632],{"id":40631},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,40634,40635],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[38,40637,40639],{"className":40,"code":40638,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,40640,40641,40651,40666,40670],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40642,40643,40646,40648],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40644,40645],{"class":53},"count ",[47,40647,58],{"class":57},[47,40649,40650],{"class":586}," 7\n",[47,40652,40653,40655,40657,40659,40661,40664],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,40654,75],{"class":53},[47,40656,58],{"class":57},[47,40658,39658],{"class":919},[47,40660,101],{"class":83},[47,40662,40663],{"class":87},"count",[47,40665,107],{"class":83},[47,40667,40668],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,40669,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,40671,40672,40674,40676,40678],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,40673,98],{"class":97},[47,40675,101],{"class":83},[47,40677,104],{"class":87},[47,40679,107],{"class":83},[20,40681,338],{},[38,40683,40685],{"className":40,"code":40684,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"7.0\n",[15,40686,40687],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40688,40689],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40690,40684],{"class":586},[724,40692,40694],{"id":40693},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,40696,40697,40698,40700],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,40699,2272],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[38,40702,40704],{"className":40,"code":40703,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,40705,40706,40720,40736,40740],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40707,40708,40711,40713,40715,40718],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40709,40710],{"class":53},"temperature_text ",[47,40712,58],{"class":57},[47,40714,62],{"class":61},[47,40716,40717],{"class":65},"21.8",[47,40719,69],{"class":61},[47,40721,40722,40725,40727,40729,40731,40734],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,40723,40724],{"class":53},"temperature ",[47,40726,58],{"class":57},[47,40728,39658],{"class":919},[47,40730,101],{"class":83},[47,40732,40733],{"class":87},"temperature_text",[47,40735,107],{"class":83},[47,40737,40738],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,40739,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,40741,40742,40744,40746,40749],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,40743,98],{"class":97},[47,40745,101],{"class":83},[47,40747,40748],{"class":87},"temperature",[47,40750,107],{"class":83},[33,40752,40754],{"id":40753},"special-values","Special values",[20,40756,40757,40759],{},[15,40758,2272],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[724,40761,40763],{"id":40762},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[38,40765,40767],{"className":40,"code":40766,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,40768,40769],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40770,40771,40773,40775,40777,40779,40781,40784,40786],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40772,98],{"class":97},[47,40774,101],{"class":83},[47,40776,1584],{"class":919},[47,40778,101],{"class":83},[47,40780,253],{"class":61},[47,40782,40783],{"class":65},"inf",[47,40785,253],{"class":61},[47,40787,1419],{"class":83},[20,40789,338],{},[38,40791,40793],{"className":40,"code":40792,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"inf\n",[15,40794,40795],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40796,40797],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40798,40792],{"class":53},[724,40800,40802],{"id":40801},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[38,40804,40806],{"className":40,"code":40805,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,40807,40808],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40809,40810,40812,40814,40816,40818,40820,40823,40825],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40811,98],{"class":97},[47,40813,101],{"class":83},[47,40815,1584],{"class":919},[47,40817,101],{"class":83},[47,40819,253],{"class":61},[47,40821,40822],{"class":65},"-inf",[47,40824,253],{"class":61},[47,40826,1419],{"class":83},[20,40828,338],{},[38,40830,40832],{"className":40,"code":40831,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"-inf\n",[15,40833,40834],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40835,40836,40838],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40837,1413],{"class":57},[47,40839,40792],{"class":53},[724,40841,40843],{"id":40842},"not-a-number","Not a number",[38,40845,40847],{"className":40,"code":40846,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,40848,40849],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40850,40851,40853,40855,40857,40859,40861,40864,40866],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40852,98],{"class":97},[47,40854,101],{"class":83},[47,40856,1584],{"class":919},[47,40858,101],{"class":83},[47,40860,253],{"class":61},[47,40862,40863],{"class":65},"nan",[47,40865,253],{"class":61},[47,40867,1419],{"class":83},[20,40869,338],{},[38,40871,40873],{"className":40,"code":40872,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"nan\n",[15,40874,40875],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40876,40877],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40878,40872],{"class":53},[20,40880,40881],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[133,40883,40884,40889,40894],{},[136,40885,40886,40888],{},[15,40887,40783],{}," means positive infinity",[136,40890,40891,40893],{},[15,40892,40822],{}," means negative infinity",[136,40895,40896,40898],{},[15,40897,40863],{}," means “not a number”",[20,40900,40901,40902,40904],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,40903,2272],{}," accepts them.",[33,40906,40908],{"id":40907},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,40910,40911,40912,40914],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,40913,2272],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[724,40916,40107],{"id":40917},"valueerror",[20,40919,14591,40920,40922],{},[15,40921,40107],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,40924,40925],{},"Common causes:",[133,40927,40928,40934,40937,40940],{},[136,40929,40930,40931],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,40932,40933],{},"\"abc\"",[136,40935,40936],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[136,40938,40939],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[136,40941,4101,40942],{},[154,40943,40944,40946],{"href":7617},[15,40945,2346],{}," returns a string",[20,40948,538],{},[38,40950,40952],{"className":40,"code":40951,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,40953,40954,40967],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40955,40956,40958,40960,40962,40965],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40957,1836],{"class":53},[47,40959,58],{"class":57},[47,40961,62],{"class":61},[47,40963,40964],{"class":65},"abc",[47,40966,69],{"class":61},[47,40968,40969,40971,40973,40975,40977,40979],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,40970,98],{"class":97},[47,40972,101],{"class":83},[47,40974,1584],{"class":919},[47,40976,101],{"class":83},[47,40978,1863],{"class":87},[47,40980,1419],{"class":83},[724,40982,2395],{"id":40983},"typeerror",[20,40985,14591,40986,40988],{},[15,40987,2395],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,40990,40925],{},[133,40992,40993,40996,40999],{},[136,40994,40995],{},"Passing a list",[136,40997,40998],{},"Passing a dictionary",[136,41000,41001],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41003,538],{},[38,41005,41007],{"className":40,"code":41006,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41008,41009,41034],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41010,41011,41013,41015,41017,41019,41021,41023,41025,41027,41030,41032],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41012,1836],{"class":53},[47,41014,58],{"class":57},[47,41016,9890],{"class":83},[47,41018,253],{"class":61},[47,41020,24553],{"class":65},[47,41022,253],{"class":61},[47,41024,1032],{"class":83},[47,41026,62],{"class":61},[47,41028,41029],{"class":65},"9.99",[47,41031,253],{"class":61},[47,41033,8707],{"class":83},[47,41035,41036,41038,41040,41042,41044,41046],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,41037,98],{"class":97},[47,41039,101],{"class":83},[47,41041,1584],{"class":919},[47,41043,101],{"class":83},[47,41045,1863],{"class":87},[47,41047,1419],{"class":83},[724,41049,41051],{"id":41050},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41053,41054,41055,41057],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41056,1049],{}," can help:",[38,41059,41061],{"className":40,"code":41060,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41062,41063,41076,41091,41095],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41064,41065,41067,41069,41071,41074],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41066,1836],{"class":53},[47,41068,58],{"class":57},[47,41070,62],{"class":61},[47,41072,41073],{"class":65},"  7.25  ",[47,41075,69],{"class":61},[47,41077,41078,41081,41083,41085,41087,41089],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,41079,41080],{"class":53},"clean_value ",[47,41082,58],{"class":57},[47,41084,7832],{"class":53},[47,41086,84],{"class":83},[47,41088,1105],{"class":87},[47,41090,91],{"class":83},[47,41092,41093],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,41094,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,41096,41097,41099,41101,41103,41105,41108],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,41098,98],{"class":97},[47,41100,101],{"class":83},[47,41102,1584],{"class":919},[47,41104,101],{"class":83},[47,41106,41107],{"class":87},"clean_value",[47,41109,1419],{"class":83},[20,41111,338],{},[38,41113,41115],{"className":40,"code":41114,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"7.25\n",[15,41116,41117],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41118,41119],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41120,41114],{"class":586},[724,41122,41124],{"id":41123},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41126,41127],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[38,41129,41131],{"className":40,"code":41130,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41132,41133,41146,41150,41160,41174,41189,41193,41207],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41134,41135,41137,41139,41141,41144],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41136,1836],{"class":53},[47,41138,58],{"class":57},[47,41140,62],{"class":61},[47,41142,41143],{"class":65}," 3.5 ",[47,41145,69],{"class":61},[47,41147,41148],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,41149,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,41151,41152,41154,41156,41158],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,41153,98],{"class":97},[47,41155,101],{"class":83},[47,41157,1863],{"class":87},[47,41159,107],{"class":83},[47,41161,41162,41164,41166,41168,41170,41172],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,41163,98],{"class":97},[47,41165,101],{"class":83},[47,41167,2613],{"class":919},[47,41169,101],{"class":83},[47,41171,1863],{"class":87},[47,41173,1419],{"class":83},[47,41175,41176,41178,41180,41183,41185,41187],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,41177,98],{"class":97},[47,41179,101],{"class":83},[47,41181,41182],{"class":97},"repr",[47,41184,101],{"class":83},[47,41186,1863],{"class":87},[47,41188,1419],{"class":83},[47,41190,41191],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,41192,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,41194,41195,41197,41199,41201,41203,41205],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,41196,41080],{"class":53},[47,41198,58],{"class":57},[47,41200,7832],{"class":53},[47,41202,84],{"class":83},[47,41204,1105],{"class":87},[47,41206,91],{"class":83},[47,41208,41209,41211,41213,41215,41217,41219],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,41210,98],{"class":97},[47,41212,101],{"class":83},[47,41214,1584],{"class":919},[47,41216,101],{"class":83},[47,41218,41107],{"class":87},[47,41220,1419],{"class":83},[20,41222,41223],{},"Why this helps:",[133,41225,41226,41232,41237,41243],{},[136,41227,41228,41231],{},[15,41229,41230],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[136,41233,41234,20769],{},[15,41235,41236],{},"print(type(value))",[136,41238,41239,41242],{},[15,41240,41241],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[136,41244,41245,41247],{},[15,41246,1049],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[724,41249,41251],{"id":41250},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41253,41254],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[38,41256,41258],{"className":40,"code":41257,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41259,41260,41279,41283,41289,41304,41323,41332],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41261,41262,41264,41266,41268,41270,41272,41275,41277],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41263,1836],{"class":53},[47,41265,58],{"class":57},[47,41267,7640],{"class":97},[47,41269,101],{"class":83},[47,41271,253],{"class":61},[47,41273,41274],{"class":65},"Enter a number: ",[47,41276,253],{"class":61},[47,41278,107],{"class":83},[47,41280,41281],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,41282,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,41284,41285,41287],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,41286,29208],{"class":655},[47,41288,679],{"class":83},[47,41290,41291,41294,41296,41298,41300,41302],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,41292,41293],{"class":53},"    number ",[47,41295,58],{"class":57},[47,41297,39658],{"class":919},[47,41299,101],{"class":83},[47,41301,1863],{"class":87},[47,41303,107],{"class":83},[47,41305,41306,41308,41310,41312,41315,41317,41319,41321],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,41307,684],{"class":97},[47,41309,101],{"class":83},[47,41311,253],{"class":61},[47,41313,41314],{"class":65},"Converted:",[47,41316,253],{"class":61},[47,41318,590],{"class":83},[47,41320,1588],{"class":87},[47,41322,107],{"class":83},[47,41324,41325,41327,41330],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,41326,29239],{"class":655},[47,41328,41329],{"class":919}," ValueError",[47,41331,679],{"class":83},[47,41333,41334,41336,41338,41340,41343,41345],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,41335,684],{"class":97},[47,41337,101],{"class":83},[47,41339,253],{"class":61},[47,41341,41342],{"class":65},"That is not a valid number.",[47,41344,253],{"class":61},[47,41346,107],{"class":83},[20,41348,41349,41350,84],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[154,41351,40299],{"href":40298},[33,41353,41355],{"id":41354},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,41357,9990,41358,1063,41360,41362],{},[15,41359,2272],{},[15,41361,2266],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,41364,41365,41367],{},[15,41366,2272],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[38,41369,41371],{"className":40,"code":41370,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41372,41373],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41374,41375,41377,41379,41381,41383,41385,41388,41390],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41376,98],{"class":97},[47,41378,101],{"class":83},[47,41380,1584],{"class":919},[47,41382,101],{"class":83},[47,41384,253],{"class":61},[47,41386,41387],{"class":65},"3.9",[47,41389,253],{"class":61},[47,41391,1419],{"class":83},[20,41393,338],{},[38,41395,41397],{"className":40,"code":41396,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3.9\n",[15,41398,41399],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41400,41401],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41402,41396],{"class":586},[20,41404,41405,41407],{},[15,41406,2266],{}," creates whole numbers:",[38,41409,41411],{"className":40,"code":41410,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,41412,41413],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41414,41415,41417,41419,41421,41423,41425,41427,41429],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41416,98],{"class":97},[47,41418,101],{"class":83},[47,41420,890],{"class":919},[47,41422,101],{"class":83},[47,41424,253],{"class":61},[47,41426,1719],{"class":65},[47,41428,253],{"class":61},[47,41430,1419],{"class":83},[20,41432,338],{},[38,41434,41435],{"className":40,"code":1765,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,41436,41437],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41438,41439],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41440,1765],{"class":586},[20,41442,41443,41444,41447],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,41445,41446],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[38,41449,41451],{"className":40,"code":41450,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41452,41453],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41454,41455,41457,41459,41461,41463,41465,41467,41469],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41456,98],{"class":97},[47,41458,101],{"class":83},[47,41460,890],{"class":919},[47,41462,101],{"class":83},[47,41464,253],{"class":61},[47,41466,41387],{"class":65},[47,41468,253],{"class":61},[47,41470,1419],{"class":83},[20,41472,2392,41473,8001,41475,41478],{},[15,41474,40107],{},[15,41476,41477],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,41480,10113],{},[133,41482,41483,41489],{},[136,41484,41485,41488],{},[15,41486,41487],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[136,41490,41491,41493],{},[15,41492,41446],{}," fails",[20,41495,41496,41497,41500,41501,41503],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[154,41498,41499],{"href":2263},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[154,41502,1809],{"href":1808}," helpful.",[33,41505,1155],{"id":1154},[724,41507,41509],{"id":41508},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,41511,41512,41513,158,41515,84],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,41514,1882],{},[15,41516,39546],{},[724,41518,41520],{"id":41519},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,41522,41523,41524,158,41527,84],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,41525,41526],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,41528,41529],{},"\"10\"",[724,41531,41533],{"id":41532},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,41535,28465,41536,41538,41539,84],{},[15,41537,40933],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,41540,40107],{},[724,41542,41544],{"id":41543},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,41546,4546,41547,84],{},[15,41548,3164],{},[724,41550,41552],{"id":41551},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,41554,41555,41556,41558,41559,1063,41562,41558,41564,84],{},"Yes. ",[15,41557,2997],{}," becomes ",[15,41560,41561],{},"1.0",[15,41563,3070],{},[15,41565,3164],{},[33,41567,1275],{"id":1274},[133,41569,41570,41574,41580,41585,41589,41593],{},[136,41571,41572],{},[154,41573,41499],{"href":2263},[136,41575,41576],{},[154,41577,41579],{"href":41578},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[136,41581,41582],{},[154,41583,41584],{"href":40294},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[136,41586,41587],{},[154,41588,8455],{"href":8377},[136,41590,41591],{},[154,41592,40299],{"href":40298},[136,41594,41595],{},[154,41596,41597],{"href":7617},"Python input() Function Explained",[1320,41599,41600],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki 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.su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":41602},[41603,41604,41605,41606,41613,41618,41619,41626,41631,41638,41639,41646],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":39593,"depth":72,"text":39594},{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":39818,"depth":72,"text":39819,"children":41607},[41608,41609,41610,41611,41612],{"id":39827,"depth":94,"text":39828},{"id":39891,"depth":94,"text":39892},{"id":39955,"depth":94,"text":39956},{"id":39997,"depth":94,"text":39998},{"id":40052,"depth":94,"text":40053},{"id":40091,"depth":72,"text":40092,"children":41614},[41615,41616,41617],{"id":40100,"depth":94,"text":40101},{"id":40186,"depth":94,"text":40187},{"id":40256,"depth":94,"text":40257},{"id":16820,"depth":72,"text":16821},{"id":40448,"depth":72,"text":40449,"children":41620},[41621,41623,41624,41625],{"id":40452,"depth":94,"text":41622},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":40545,"depth":94,"text":40546},{"id":40631,"depth":94,"text":40632},{"id":40693,"depth":94,"text":40694},{"id":40753,"depth":72,"text":40754,"children":41627},[41628,41629,41630],{"id":40762,"depth":94,"text":40763},{"id":40801,"depth":94,"text":40802},{"id":40842,"depth":94,"text":40843},{"id":40907,"depth":72,"text":40908,"children":41632},[41633,41634,41635,41636,41637],{"id":40917,"depth":94,"text":40107},{"id":40983,"depth":94,"text":2395},{"id":41050,"depth":94,"text":41051},{"id":41123,"depth":94,"text":41124},{"id":41250,"depth":94,"text":41251},{"id":41354,"depth":72,"text":41355},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":41640},[41641,41642,41643,41644,41645],{"id":41508,"depth":94,"text":41509},{"id":41519,"depth":94,"text":41520},{"id":41532,"depth":94,"text":41533},{"id":41543,"depth":94,"text":41544},{"id":41551,"depth":94,"text":41552},{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":39494,"description":41647},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":41654,"title":41655,"body":41656,"description":42876,"extension":1354,"meta":42877,"navigation":311,"path":34427,"seo":42878,"stem":42879,"__hash__":42880},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":41657,"toc":42842},[41658,41661,41666,41669,41671,41710,41724,41728,41733,41736,41753,41756,41766,41781,41784,41786,41789,41805,41808,41811,41831,41835,41846,41849,41853,41857,41871,41906,41910,41921,41956,41959,41961,41969,42002,42018,42020,42030,42051,42062,42064,42069,42072,42086,42088,42107,42110,42123,42126,42130,42134,42148,42151,42169,42172,42187,42191,42196,42210,42216,42218,42274,42276,42309,42312,42328,42332,42339,42343,42348,42351,42362,42366,42371,42386,42395,42400,42419,42422,42434,42436,42441,42451,42454,42483,42488,42497,42501,42506,42509,42513,42518,42520,42550,42553,42560,42565,42570,42574,42577,42585,42588,42666,42669,42691,42693,42697,42700,42704,42710,42773,42777,42785,42789,42792,42794,42819,42839],[10,41659,41655],{"id":41660},"python-help-function-explained",[20,41662,2975,41663,41665],{},[15,41664,34430],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,41667,41668],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[33,41670,36],{"id":35},[38,41672,41674],{"className":40,"code":41673,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,41675,41676,41686,41696],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41677,41678,41680,41682,41684],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41679,31558],{"class":97},[47,41681,101],{"class":83},[47,41683,10562],{"class":97},[47,41685,107],{"class":83},[47,41687,41688,41690,41692,41694],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,41689,31558],{"class":97},[47,41691,101],{"class":83},[47,41693,920],{"class":919},[47,41695,107],{"class":83},[47,41697,41698,41700,41702,41704,41706,41708],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,41699,31558],{"class":97},[47,41701,101],{"class":83},[47,41703,2693],{"class":61},[47,41705,34063],{"class":65},[47,41707,2693],{"class":61},[47,41709,107],{"class":83},[20,41711,1486,41712,41714,41715,158,41717,41719,41720,41723],{},[15,41713,34430],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,41716,10562],{},[15,41718,920],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,41721,41722],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[33,41725,41727],{"id":41726},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,41729,41730,41732],{},[15,41731,34430],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,41734,41735],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[133,41737,41738,41741,41744,41747,41750],{},[136,41739,41740],{},"Functions",[136,41742,41743],{},"Classes",[136,41745,41746],{},"Methods",[136,41748,41749],{},"Modules",[136,41751,41752],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,41754,41755],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,41757,41758,41759,41765],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[154,41760,41762],{"href":41761},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,41763,41764],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[38,41767,41769],{"className":40,"code":41768,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(len)\n",[15,41770,41771],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41772,41773,41775,41777,41779],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41774,31558],{"class":97},[47,41776,101],{"class":83},[47,41778,10562],{"class":97},[47,41780,107],{"class":83},[20,41782,41783],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[33,41785,166],{"id":165},[20,41787,41788],{},"The main form is:",[38,41790,41792],{"className":40,"code":41791,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(object)\n",[15,41793,41794],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41795,41796,41798,41800,41803],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41797,31558],{"class":97},[47,41799,101],{"class":83},[47,41801,41802],{"class":919},"object",[47,41804,107],{"class":83},[20,41806,41807],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,41809,41810],{},"Common examples include:",[133,41812,41813,41817,41822,41826],{},[136,41814,41815],{},[15,41816,10562],{},[136,41818,41819],{},[15,41820,41821],{},"list.append",[136,41823,41824],{},[15,41825,920],{},[136,41827,41828],{},[15,41829,41830],{},"open",[20,41832,6575,41833,6578],{},[15,41834,34430],{},[38,41836,41838],{"className":40,"code":41837,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help()\n",[15,41839,41840],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41841,41842,41844],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41843,31558],{"class":97},[47,41845,91],{"class":83},[20,41847,41848],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[33,41850,41852],{"id":41851},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[724,41854,41856],{"id":41855},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,41858,41859,41860,712,41862,712,41864,16474,41867,84],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,41861,10562],{},[15,41863,98],{},[15,41865,41866],{},"input",[154,41868,41869],{"href":1687},[15,41870,1690],{},[38,41872,41874],{"className":40,"code":41873,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,41875,41876,41886,41896],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41877,41878,41880,41882,41884],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41879,31558],{"class":97},[47,41881,101],{"class":83},[47,41883,98],{"class":97},[47,41885,107],{"class":83},[47,41887,41888,41890,41892,41894],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,41889,31558],{"class":97},[47,41891,101],{"class":83},[47,41893,41866],{"class":97},[47,41895,107],{"class":83},[47,41897,41898,41900,41902,41904],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,41899,31558],{"class":97},[47,41901,101],{"class":83},[47,41903,2613],{"class":919},[47,41905,107],{"class":83},[724,41907,41909],{"id":41908},"data-types","Data types",[20,41911,41912,41913,712,41915,712,41917,16474,41919,84],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,41914,920],{},[15,41916,7492],{},[15,41918,8218],{},[15,41920,5687],{},[38,41922,41924],{"className":40,"code":41923,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,41925,41926,41936,41946],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41927,41928,41930,41932,41934],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41929,31558],{"class":97},[47,41931,101],{"class":83},[47,41933,920],{"class":919},[47,41935,107],{"class":83},[47,41937,41938,41940,41942,41944],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,41939,31558],{"class":97},[47,41941,101],{"class":83},[47,41943,7492],{"class":919},[47,41945,107],{"class":83},[47,41947,41948,41950,41952,41954],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,41949,31558],{"class":97},[47,41951,101],{"class":83},[47,41953,8218],{"class":919},[47,41955,107],{"class":83},[20,41957,41958],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[724,41960,41746],{"id":33910},[20,41962,41963,41964,1063,41967,84],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,41965,41966],{},"str.split",[15,41968,41821],{},[38,41970,41972],{"className":40,"code":41971,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,41973,41974,41988],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41975,41976,41978,41980,41982,41984,41986],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41977,31558],{"class":97},[47,41979,101],{"class":83},[47,41981,920],{"class":919},[47,41983,84],{"class":83},[47,41985,33874],{"class":24153},[47,41987,107],{"class":83},[47,41989,41990,41992,41994,41996,41998,42000],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,41991,31558],{"class":97},[47,41993,101],{"class":83},[47,41995,7492],{"class":919},[47,41997,84],{"class":83},[47,41999,12954],{"class":24153},[47,42001,107],{"class":83},[20,42003,42004,42005,8101,42007,27718,42012,42014,42015,42017],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42006,34430],{},[154,42008,42010],{"href":42009},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42011,33717],{},[15,42013,33717],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42016,34430],{}," explains one of them.",[724,42019,41749],{"id":34063},[20,42021,42022,42023,712,42025,16474,42027,84],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42024,17819],{},[15,42026,34593],{},[15,42028,42029],{},"os",[38,42031,42033],{"className":40,"code":42032,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42034,42035,42041],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42036,42037,42039],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42038,34494],{"class":655},[47,42040,34497],{"class":53},[47,42042,42043,42045,42047,42049],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,42044,31558],{"class":97},[47,42046,101],{"class":83},[47,42048,17819],{"class":87},[47,42050,107],{"class":83},[20,42052,42053,42054,42058,42059,84],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[154,42055,42057],{"href":42056},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[154,42060,34560],{"href":42061},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[33,42063,34321],{"id":34320},[20,42065,42066,42068],{},[15,42067,34430],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42070,42071],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[133,42073,42074,42077,42080,42083],{},[136,42075,42076],{},"The function signature",[136,42078,42079],{},"The short description",[136,42081,42082],{},"Parameter names",[136,42084,42085],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42087,4872],{},[38,42089,42091],{"className":40,"code":42090,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42092,42093],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42094,42095,42097,42099,42101,42103,42105],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42096,31558],{"class":97},[47,42098,101],{"class":83},[47,42100,920],{"class":919},[47,42102,84],{"class":83},[47,42104,33874],{"class":24153},[47,42106,107],{"class":83},[20,42108,42109],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[133,42111,42112,42115,42118,42120],{},[136,42113,42114],{},"What object this is",[136,42116,42117],{},"What arguments it accepts",[136,42119,21372],{},[136,42121,42122],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42124,42125],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[33,42127,42129],{"id":42128},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42131,42132,29278],{},[15,42133,34430],{},[133,42135,42136,42139,42142,42145],{},[136,42137,42138],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[136,42140,42141],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[136,42143,42144],{},"You are exploring a new module",[136,42146,42147],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42149,42150],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[38,42152,42153],{"className":40,"code":42090,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,42154,42155],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42156,42157,42159,42161,42163,42165,42167],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42158,31558],{"class":97},[47,42160,101],{"class":83},[47,42162,920],{"class":919},[47,42164,84],{"class":83},[47,42166,33874],{"class":24153},[47,42168,107],{"class":83},[20,42170,42171],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[38,42173,42175],{"className":40,"code":42174,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(open)\n",[15,42176,42177],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42178,42179,42181,42183,42185],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42180,31558],{"class":97},[47,42182,101],{"class":83},[47,42184,41830],{"class":97},[47,42186,107],{"class":83},[33,42188,42190],{"id":42189},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42192,42193,42195],{},[15,42194,34430],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[133,42197,42198,42201,42204,42207],{},[136,42199,42200],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[136,42202,42203],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[136,42205,42206],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[136,42208,42209],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42211,42212,42213,42215],{},"So, ",[15,42214,34430],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42217,4872],{},[38,42219,42221],{"className":40,"code":42220,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42222,42223,42236,42259,42263],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42224,42225,42227,42229,42231,42234],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42226,54],{"class":53},[47,42228,58],{"class":57},[47,42230,62],{"class":61},[47,42232,42233],{"class":65},"a,b,c",[47,42235,69],{"class":61},[47,42237,42238,42241,42243,42245,42247,42249,42251,42253,42255,42257],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,42239,42240],{"class":53},"parts ",[47,42242,58],{"class":57},[47,42244,80],{"class":53},[47,42246,84],{"class":83},[47,42248,33874],{"class":87},[47,42250,101],{"class":83},[47,42252,253],{"class":61},[47,42254,590],{"class":65},[47,42256,253],{"class":61},[47,42258,107],{"class":83},[47,42260,42261],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,42262,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,42264,42265,42267,42269,42272],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,42266,98],{"class":97},[47,42268,101],{"class":83},[47,42270,42271],{"class":87},"parts",[47,42273,107],{"class":83},[20,42275,4960],{},[38,42277,42279],{"className":40,"code":42278,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42280,42281],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42282,42283,42285,42287,42289,42291,42293,42295,42297,42299,42301,42303,42305,42307],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42284,3296],{"class":83},[47,42286,2693],{"class":61},[47,42288,154],{"class":65},[47,42290,2693],{"class":61},[47,42292,590],{"class":83},[47,42294,2688],{"class":61},[47,42296,4158],{"class":65},[47,42298,2693],{"class":61},[47,42300,590],{"class":83},[47,42302,2688],{"class":61},[47,42304,9138],{"class":65},[47,42306,2693],{"class":61},[47,42308,3030],{"class":83},[20,42310,42311],{},"A good workflow is:",[28117,42313,42314,42319,42322,42325],{},[136,42315,1486,42316,42318],{},[15,42317,34430],{}," to inspect something",[136,42320,42321],{},"Write a tiny example",[136,42323,42324],{},"Check the result",[136,42326,42327],{},"Repeat",[33,42329,42331],{"id":42330},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,42333,42334,1063,42336,42338],{},[15,42335,34430],{},[15,42337,33717],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[724,42340,42341],{"id":31558},[15,42342,34430],{},[20,42344,1486,42345,42347],{},[15,42346,34430],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,42349,42350],{},"It tells you:",[133,42352,42353,42356,42359],{},[136,42354,42355],{},"What something is",[136,42357,42358],{},"How to use it",[136,42360,42361],{},"What parameters it accepts",[724,42363,42364],{"id":33778},[15,42365,33717],{},[20,42367,1486,42368,42370],{},[15,42369,33717],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[38,42372,42374],{"className":40,"code":42373,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dir(str)\n",[15,42375,42376],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42377,42378,42380,42382,42384],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42379,33778],{"class":97},[47,42381,101],{"class":83},[47,42383,920],{"class":919},[47,42385,107],{"class":83},[20,42387,42388,42389,712,42391,16474,42393,84],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,42390,33874],{},[15,42392,1105],{},[15,42394,8038],{},[20,42396,42397,42398,1032],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,42399,34430],{},[38,42401,42403],{"className":40,"code":42402,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,42404,42405],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42406,42407,42409,42411,42413,42415,42417],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42408,31558],{"class":97},[47,42410,101],{"class":83},[47,42412,920],{"class":919},[47,42414,84],{"class":83},[47,42416,8038],{"class":24153},[47,42418,107],{"class":83},[20,42420,42421],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[133,42423,42424,42429],{},[136,42425,1486,42426,42428],{},[15,42427,33717],{}," to discover options",[136,42430,1486,42431,42433],{},[15,42432,34430],{}," to understand one option",[33,42435,722],{"id":721},[20,42437,42438,42439,84],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,42440,34430],{},[724,42442,7816,42444,42447,42448],{"id":42443},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,42445,42446],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,42449,42450],{},"help(len)",[20,42452,42453],{},"These are not always the same.",[38,42455,42457],{"className":40,"code":42456,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,42458,42459,42469],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42460,42461,42463,42465,42467],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42462,31558],{"class":97},[47,42464,101],{"class":83},[47,42466,10562],{"class":97},[47,42468,107],{"class":83},[47,42470,42471,42473,42475,42477,42479,42481],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,42472,31558],{"class":97},[47,42474,101],{"class":83},[47,42476,2693],{"class":61},[47,42478,10562],{"class":65},[47,42480,2693],{"class":61},[47,42482,107],{"class":83},[20,42484,42485,42487],{},[15,42486,42450],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,42489,42490,42492,42493,42496],{},[15,42491,42446],{}," treats ",[15,42494,42495],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[724,42498,42500],{"id":42499},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,42502,42503,42505],{},[15,42504,34430],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,42507,42508],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[724,42510,42512],{"id":42511},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,42514,39746,42515,42517],{},[15,42516,34430],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,42519,538],{},[38,42521,42523],{"className":40,"code":42522,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,42524,42525,42535],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42526,42527,42529,42531,42533],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42528,31558],{"class":97},[47,42530,101],{"class":83},[47,42532,10562],{"class":97},[47,42534,107],{"class":83},[47,42536,42537,42539,42541,42543,42546,42548],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,42538,98],{"class":97},[47,42540,101],{"class":83},[47,42542,253],{"class":61},[47,42544,42545],{"class":65},"Done",[47,42547,253],{"class":61},[47,42549,107],{"class":83},[20,42551,42552],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[724,42554,946,42556,8101,42558],{"id":42555},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,42557,34430],{},[15,42559,33717],{},[20,42561,42562,42563,84],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,42564,33717],{},[20,42566,42567,42568,84],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,42569,34430],{},[33,42571,42573],{"id":42572},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,42575,42576],{},"Open Python:",[38,42578,42579],{"className":40,"code":34946,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,42580,42581],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42582,42583],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42584,34946],{"class":53},[20,42586,42587],{},"Then test these commands:",[38,42589,42591],{"className":40,"code":42590,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,42592,42593,42603,42617,42631,42641,42656],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42594,42595,42597,42599,42601],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42596,31558],{"class":97},[47,42598,101],{"class":83},[47,42600,10562],{"class":97},[47,42602,107],{"class":83},[47,42604,42605,42607,42609,42611,42613,42615],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,42606,31558],{"class":97},[47,42608,101],{"class":83},[47,42610,920],{"class":919},[47,42612,84],{"class":83},[47,42614,33874],{"class":24153},[47,42616,107],{"class":83},[47,42618,42619,42621,42623,42625,42627,42629],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,42620,31558],{"class":97},[47,42622,101],{"class":83},[47,42624,7492],{"class":919},[47,42626,84],{"class":83},[47,42628,12954],{"class":24153},[47,42630,107],{"class":83},[47,42632,42633,42635,42637,42639],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,42634,31558],{"class":97},[47,42636,101],{"class":83},[47,42638,41830],{"class":97},[47,42640,107],{"class":83},[47,42642,42643,42645,42647,42649,42652,42654],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,42644,31558],{"class":97},[47,42646,101],{"class":83},[47,42648,2693],{"class":61},[47,42650,42651],{"class":65},"keywords",[47,42653,2693],{"class":61},[47,42655,107],{"class":83},[47,42657,42658,42660,42662,42664],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,42659,33778],{"class":97},[47,42661,101],{"class":83},[47,42663,920],{"class":919},[47,42665,107],{"class":83},[20,42667,42668],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[133,42670,42671,42674,42677,42680,42683,42686],{},[136,42672,42673],{},"A built-in function",[136,42675,42676],{},"A string method",[136,42678,42679],{},"A list method",[136,42681,42682],{},"A built-in file function",[136,42684,42685],{},"A special help topic",[136,42687,14591,42688,42690],{},[15,42689,33717],{}," example for comparison",[33,42692,1155],{"id":1154},[724,42694,42696],{"id":42695},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,42698,42699],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[724,42701,42703],{"id":42702},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,42705,42706,42707,42709],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,42708,34430],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[38,42711,42713],{"className":40,"code":42712,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,42714,42715,42727,42740,42759,42763],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42716,42717,42719,42721,42723,42725],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42718,34254],{"class":1458},[47,42720,34258],{"class":34257},[47,42722,101],{"class":83},[47,42724,229],{"class":37067},[47,42726,7740],{"class":83},[47,42728,42729,42733,42737],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,42730,42732],{"class":42731},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[47,42734,42736],{"class":42735},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[47,42738,42739],{"class":42731},"\"\"\"\n",[47,42741,42742,42744,42747,42750,42752,42754,42756],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,42743,34265],{"class":655},[47,42745,42746],{"class":1458}," f",[47,42748,42749],{"class":65},"\"Hello, ",[47,42751,8676],{"class":586},[47,42753,229],{"class":53},[47,42755,21705],{"class":586},[47,42757,42758],{"class":65},"!\"\n",[47,42760,42761],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,42762,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,42764,42765,42767,42769,42771],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,42766,31558],{"class":97},[47,42768,101],{"class":83},[47,42770,34300],{"class":87},[47,42772,107],{"class":83},[724,42774,42776],{"id":42775},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,42778,42779,42781,42782,42784],{},[15,42780,42450],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,42783,42446],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[724,42786,42788],{"id":42787},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,42790,42791],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[33,42793,1275],{"id":1274},[133,42795,42796,42801,42805,42810,42815],{},[136,42797,42798],{},[154,42799,42800],{"href":42009},"Python dir() function explained",[136,42802,42803],{},[154,42804,7841],{"href":1687},[136,42806,42807],{},[154,42808,42809],{"href":41761},"Python len() function explained",[136,42811,42812],{},[154,42813,42814],{"href":42056},"How import works in Python",[136,42816,42817],{},[154,42818,34560],{"href":42061},[20,42820,42821,42822,42824,42825,712,42827,16474,42829,42831,42832,158,42835,42838],{},"Try ",[15,42823,34430],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,42826,10562],{},[15,42828,98],{},[15,42830,41866],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,42833,42834],{},"dir(str)",[15,42836,42837],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1320,42840,42841],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":42843},[42844,42845,42846,42847,42853,42854,42855,42856,42860,42868,42869,42875],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":41726,"depth":72,"text":41727},{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":41851,"depth":72,"text":41852,"children":42848},[42849,42850,42851,42852],{"id":41855,"depth":94,"text":41856},{"id":41908,"depth":94,"text":41909},{"id":33910,"depth":94,"text":41746},{"id":34063,"depth":94,"text":41749},{"id":34320,"depth":72,"text":34321},{"id":42128,"depth":72,"text":42129},{"id":42189,"depth":72,"text":42190},{"id":42330,"depth":72,"text":42331,"children":42857},[42858,42859],{"id":31558,"depth":94,"text":34430},{"id":33778,"depth":94,"text":33717},{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722,"children":42861},[42862,42864,42865,42866],{"id":42443,"depth":94,"text":42863},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":42499,"depth":94,"text":42500},{"id":42511,"depth":94,"text":42512},{"id":42555,"depth":94,"text":42867},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":42572,"depth":72,"text":42573},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":42870},[42871,42872,42873,42874],{"id":42695,"depth":94,"text":42696},{"id":42702,"depth":94,"text":42703},{"id":42775,"depth":94,"text":42776},{"id":42787,"depth":94,"text":42788},{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":41655,"description":42876},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":42882,"title":42883,"body":42884,"description":44246,"extension":1354,"meta":44247,"navigation":311,"path":44248,"seo":44249,"stem":44250,"__hash__":44251},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42885,"toc":44219},[42886,42892,42897,42903,42913,42972,42982,42993,42998,43004,43006,43024,43032,43034,43036,43051,43054,43065,43067,43158,43161,43165,43170,43191,43193,43304,43306,43333,43344,43348,43351,43434,43436,43444,43450,43456,43460,43463,43573,43575,43588,43591,43605,43613,43620,43625,43639,43645,43758,43760,43821,43824,43830,43836,43839,43861,43864,43934,43937,43969,43976,43978,43981,43999,44002,44014,44020,44022,44027,44053,44056,44128,44130,44136,44139,44145,44148,44154,44164,44170,44173,44180,44183,44185,44216],[10,42887,2968,42889,2972],{"id":42888},"python-id-function-explained",[15,42890,42891],{},"id()",[20,42893,31723,42894,42896],{},[15,42895,42891],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,42898,42899,42900,42902],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,42901,42891],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,42904,1486,42905,42907,42908,42910,42911,84],{},[15,42906,42891],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[121,42909,123],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,42912,4085],{},[38,42914,42916],{"className":40,"code":42915,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,42917,42918,42930,42944,42948,42958],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42919,42920,42922,42924,42926,42928],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42921,212],{"class":53},[47,42923,58],{"class":57},[47,42925,62],{"class":61},[47,42927,6696],{"class":65},[47,42929,69],{"class":61},[47,42931,42932,42934,42936,42938,42940,42942],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,42933,98],{"class":97},[47,42935,101],{"class":83},[47,42937,12049],{"class":97},[47,42939,101],{"class":83},[47,42941,229],{"class":87},[47,42943,1419],{"class":83},[47,42945,42946],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,42947,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,42949,42950,42953,42955],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,42951,42952],{"class":53},"other ",[47,42954,58],{"class":57},[47,42956,42957],{"class":53}," name\n",[47,42959,42960,42962,42964,42966,42968,42970],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,42961,98],{"class":97},[47,42963,101],{"class":83},[47,42965,12049],{"class":97},[47,42967,101],{"class":83},[47,42969,30148],{"class":87},[47,42971,1419],{"class":83},[20,42973,42974,42975,42978,42979,42981],{},"In this example, ",[15,42976,42977],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,42980,42891],{}," values match.",[42983,42984,42985],"blockquote",{},[20,42986,1486,42987,42989,42990,42992],{},[15,42988,42891],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,42991,4085],{}," for value comparison.",[33,42994,128,42996,131],{"id":42995},"what-id-does",[15,42997,42891],{},[20,42999,43000,43003],{},[15,43001,43002],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43005,12452],{},[133,43007,43008,43011,43018,43021],{},[136,43009,43010],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[136,43012,43013,43014,43017],{},"It shows ",[121,43015,43016],{},"object identity",", not object value",[136,43019,43020],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[136,43022,43023],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43025,43026,43027,43031],{},"This is closely related to how ",[154,43028,43030],{"href":43029},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[33,43033,166],{"id":165},[20,43035,4834],{},[38,43037,43039],{"className":40,"code":43038,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"id(object)\n",[15,43040,43041],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43042,43043,43045,43047,43049],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43044,12049],{"class":97},[47,43046,101],{"class":83},[47,43048,41802],{"class":919},[47,43050,107],{"class":83},[20,43052,43053],{},"Important details:",[133,43055,43056,43059,43062],{},[136,43057,43058],{},"It takes one argument",[136,43060,43061],{},"It returns an integer",[136,43063,43064],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43066,538],{},[38,43068,43070],{"className":40,"code":43069,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43071,43072,43084,43092,43112,43116,43130,43144],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43073,43074,43076,43078,43080,43082],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43075,54],{"class":53},[47,43077,58],{"class":57},[47,43079,62],{"class":61},[47,43081,256],{"class":65},[47,43083,69],{"class":61},[47,43085,43086,43088,43090],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,43087,864],{"class":53},[47,43089,58],{"class":57},[47,43091,2158],{"class":586},[47,43093,43094,43096,43098,43100,43102,43104,43106,43108,43110],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,43095,7178],{"class":53},[47,43097,58],{"class":57},[47,43099,3017],{"class":83},[47,43101,2377],{"class":586},[47,43103,590],{"class":83},[47,43105,2382],{"class":586},[47,43107,590],{"class":83},[47,43109,1841],{"class":586},[47,43111,3030],{"class":83},[47,43113,43114],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,43115,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,43117,43118,43120,43122,43124,43126,43128],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,43119,98],{"class":97},[47,43121,101],{"class":83},[47,43123,12049],{"class":97},[47,43125,101],{"class":83},[47,43127,565],{"class":87},[47,43129,1419],{"class":83},[47,43131,43132,43134,43136,43138,43140,43142],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,43133,98],{"class":97},[47,43135,101],{"class":83},[47,43137,12049],{"class":97},[47,43139,101],{"class":83},[47,43141,878],{"class":87},[47,43143,1419],{"class":83},[47,43145,43146,43148,43150,43152,43154,43156],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,43147,98],{"class":97},[47,43149,101],{"class":83},[47,43151,12049],{"class":97},[47,43153,101],{"class":83},[47,43155,7209],{"class":87},[47,43157,1419],{"class":83},[20,43159,43160],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[33,43162,43164],{"id":43163},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43166,43167,43168,84],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43169,42891],{},[133,43171,43172,43179,43186],{},[136,43173,43174,43176,43177],{},[15,43175,4085],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[121,43178,1863],{},[136,43180,43181,43183,43184],{},[15,43182,11593],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[121,43185,41802],{},[136,43187,43188,43190],{},[15,43189,42891],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43192,538],{},[38,43194,43196],{"className":40,"code":43195,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43197,43198,43218,43238,43242,43259,43276,43290],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43199,43200,43202,43204,43206,43208,43210,43212,43214,43216],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43201,1208],{"class":53},[47,43203,58],{"class":57},[47,43205,3017],{"class":83},[47,43207,2377],{"class":586},[47,43209,590],{"class":83},[47,43211,2382],{"class":586},[47,43213,590],{"class":83},[47,43215,1841],{"class":586},[47,43217,3030],{"class":83},[47,43219,43220,43222,43224,43226,43228,43230,43232,43234,43236],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,43221,1221],{"class":53},[47,43223,58],{"class":57},[47,43225,3017],{"class":83},[47,43227,2377],{"class":586},[47,43229,590],{"class":83},[47,43231,2382],{"class":586},[47,43233,590],{"class":83},[47,43235,1841],{"class":586},[47,43237,3030],{"class":83},[47,43239,43240],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,43241,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,43243,43244,43246,43248,43250,43252,43254,43256],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,43245,98],{"class":97},[47,43247,101],{"class":83},[47,43249,1208],{"class":87},[47,43251,4085],{"class":57},[47,43253,1253],{"class":87},[47,43255,3057],{"class":83},[47,43257,43258],{"class":113},"   # True\n",[47,43260,43261,43263,43265,43267,43269,43271,43273],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,43262,98],{"class":97},[47,43264,101],{"class":83},[47,43266,1208],{"class":87},[47,43268,11593],{"class":655},[47,43270,1253],{"class":87},[47,43272,3057],{"class":83},[47,43274,43275],{"class":113},"   # False\n",[47,43277,43278,43280,43282,43284,43286,43288],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,43279,98],{"class":97},[47,43281,101],{"class":83},[47,43283,12049],{"class":97},[47,43285,101],{"class":83},[47,43287,154],{"class":87},[47,43289,1419],{"class":83},[47,43291,43292,43294,43296,43298,43300,43302],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,43293,98],{"class":97},[47,43295,101],{"class":83},[47,43297,12049],{"class":97},[47,43299,101],{"class":83},[47,43301,4158],{"class":87},[47,43303,1419],{"class":83},[20,43305,1572],{},[133,43307,43308,43316,43324],{},[136,43309,43310,4181,43313,43315],{},[15,43311,43312],{},"a == b",[15,43314,2997],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[136,43317,43318,4181,43321,43323],{},[15,43319,43320],{},"a is b",[15,43322,3070],{}," because they are different list objects",[136,43325,43326,1063,43329,43332],{},[15,43327,43328],{},"id(a)",[15,43330,43331],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,43334,43335,43336,1063,43340,84],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[154,43337,43339],{"href":43338},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[154,43341,43343],{"href":43342},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[33,43345,43347],{"id":43346},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,43349,43350],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[38,43352,43354],{"className":40,"code":43353,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,43355,43356,43376,43386,43390,43404,43419],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43357,43358,43360,43362,43364,43366,43368,43370,43372,43374],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43359,3012],{"class":53},[47,43361,58],{"class":57},[47,43363,3017],{"class":83},[47,43365,1719],{"class":586},[47,43367,590],{"class":83},[47,43369,7189],{"class":586},[47,43371,590],{"class":83},[47,43373,7194],{"class":586},[47,43375,3030],{"class":83},[47,43377,43378,43381,43383],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,43379,43380],{"class":53},"other_numbers ",[47,43382,58],{"class":57},[47,43384,43385],{"class":53}," numbers\n",[47,43387,43388],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,43389,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,43391,43392,43394,43396,43398,43400,43402],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,43393,98],{"class":97},[47,43395,101],{"class":83},[47,43397,12049],{"class":97},[47,43399,101],{"class":83},[47,43401,3044],{"class":87},[47,43403,1419],{"class":83},[47,43405,43406,43408,43410,43412,43414,43417],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,43407,98],{"class":97},[47,43409,101],{"class":83},[47,43411,12049],{"class":97},[47,43413,101],{"class":83},[47,43415,43416],{"class":87},"other_numbers",[47,43418,1419],{"class":83},[47,43420,43421,43423,43425,43427,43429,43432],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,43422,98],{"class":97},[47,43424,101],{"class":83},[47,43426,3012],{"class":87},[47,43428,11593],{"class":655},[47,43430,43431],{"class":87}," other_numbers",[47,43433,107],{"class":83},[20,43435,4960],{},[38,43437,43438],{"className":40,"code":1264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,43439,43440],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43441,43442],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43443,1264],{"class":1271},[20,43445,43446,43447,43449],{},"The two ",[15,43448,42891],{}," values will also match.",[20,43451,21591,43452,43455],{},[15,43453,43454],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[33,43457,43459],{"id":43458},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,43461,43462],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[38,43464,43466],{"className":40,"code":43465,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,43467,43468,43489,43510,43514,43529,43543,43558],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43469,43470,43473,43475,43477,43479,43481,43483,43485,43487],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43471,43472],{"class":53},"list_a ",[47,43474,58],{"class":57},[47,43476,3017],{"class":83},[47,43478,2377],{"class":586},[47,43480,590],{"class":83},[47,43482,2382],{"class":586},[47,43484,590],{"class":83},[47,43486,1841],{"class":586},[47,43488,3030],{"class":83},[47,43490,43491,43494,43496,43498,43500,43502,43504,43506,43508],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,43492,43493],{"class":53},"list_b ",[47,43495,58],{"class":57},[47,43497,3017],{"class":83},[47,43499,2377],{"class":586},[47,43501,590],{"class":83},[47,43503,2382],{"class":586},[47,43505,590],{"class":83},[47,43507,1841],{"class":586},[47,43509,3030],{"class":83},[47,43511,43512],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,43513,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,43515,43516,43518,43520,43522,43524,43527],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,43517,98],{"class":97},[47,43519,101],{"class":83},[47,43521,43472],{"class":87},[47,43523,4085],{"class":57},[47,43525,43526],{"class":87}," list_b",[47,43528,107],{"class":83},[47,43530,43531,43533,43535,43537,43539,43541],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,43532,98],{"class":97},[47,43534,101],{"class":83},[47,43536,43472],{"class":87},[47,43538,11593],{"class":655},[47,43540,43526],{"class":87},[47,43542,107],{"class":83},[47,43544,43545,43547,43549,43551,43553,43556],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,43546,98],{"class":97},[47,43548,101],{"class":83},[47,43550,12049],{"class":97},[47,43552,101],{"class":83},[47,43554,43555],{"class":87},"list_a",[47,43557,1419],{"class":83},[47,43559,43560,43562,43564,43566,43568,43571],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,43561,98],{"class":97},[47,43563,101],{"class":83},[47,43565,12049],{"class":97},[47,43567,101],{"class":83},[47,43569,43570],{"class":87},"list_b",[47,43572,1419],{"class":83},[20,43574,4960],{},[38,43576,43578],{"className":40,"code":43577,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nFalse\n",[15,43579,43580,43584],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43581,43582],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43583,1264],{"class":1271},[47,43585,43586],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,43587,3436],{"class":1271},[20,43589,43590],{},"What this means:",[133,43592,43593,43596,43599],{},[136,43594,43595],{},"The lists are equal in value",[136,43597,43598],{},"They are not the same object",[136,43600,43601,43602,43604],{},"Their ",[15,43603,42891],{}," values are usually different",[20,43606,43607,43608,43610,43611,84],{},"This is why ",[15,43609,42891],{}," should not replace ",[15,43612,4085],{},[33,43614,43616,43617,43619],{"id":43615},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,43618,42891],{}," is useful",[20,43621,43622,43624],{},[15,43623,42891],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[133,43626,43627,43630,43633,43636],{},[136,43628,43629],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[136,43631,43632],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[136,43634,43635],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[136,43637,43638],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,43640,43641,43642,43644],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,43643,42891],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[38,43646,43648],{"className":40,"code":43647,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,43649,43650,43674,43683,43687,43706,43710,43720,43730,43744],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43651,43652,43654,43656,43658,43660,43662,43664,43666,43668,43670,43672],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43653,11485],{"class":53},[47,43655,58],{"class":57},[47,43657,3017],{"class":83},[47,43659,253],{"class":61},[47,43661,154],{"class":65},[47,43663,253],{"class":61},[47,43665,590],{"class":83},[47,43667,62],{"class":61},[47,43669,4158],{"class":65},[47,43671,253],{"class":61},[47,43673,3030],{"class":83},[47,43675,43676,43679,43681],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,43677,43678],{"class":53},"copy_ref ",[47,43680,58],{"class":57},[47,43682,11523],{"class":53},[47,43684,43685],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,43686,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,43688,43689,43692,43694,43696,43698,43700,43702,43704],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,43690,43691],{"class":53},"copy_ref",[47,43693,84],{"class":83},[47,43695,12954],{"class":87},[47,43697,101],{"class":83},[47,43699,253],{"class":61},[47,43701,9138],{"class":65},[47,43703,253],{"class":61},[47,43705,107],{"class":83},[47,43707,43708],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,43709,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,43711,43712,43714,43716,43718],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,43713,98],{"class":97},[47,43715,101],{"class":83},[47,43717,11532],{"class":87},[47,43719,107],{"class":83},[47,43721,43722,43724,43726,43728],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,43723,98],{"class":97},[47,43725,101],{"class":83},[47,43727,43691],{"class":87},[47,43729,107],{"class":83},[47,43731,43732,43734,43736,43738,43740,43742],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,43733,98],{"class":97},[47,43735,101],{"class":83},[47,43737,12049],{"class":97},[47,43739,101],{"class":83},[47,43741,11532],{"class":87},[47,43743,1419],{"class":83},[47,43745,43746,43748,43750,43752,43754,43756],{"class":49,"line":5831},[47,43747,98],{"class":97},[47,43749,101],{"class":83},[47,43751,12049],{"class":97},[47,43753,101],{"class":83},[47,43755,43691],{"class":87},[47,43757,1419],{"class":83},[20,43759,4960],{},[38,43761,43763],{"className":40,"code":43762,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,43764,43765,43793],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43766,43767,43769,43771,43773,43775,43777,43779,43781,43783,43785,43787,43789,43791],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43768,3296],{"class":83},[47,43770,2693],{"class":61},[47,43772,154],{"class":65},[47,43774,2693],{"class":61},[47,43776,590],{"class":83},[47,43778,2688],{"class":61},[47,43780,4158],{"class":65},[47,43782,2693],{"class":61},[47,43784,590],{"class":83},[47,43786,2688],{"class":61},[47,43788,9138],{"class":65},[47,43790,2693],{"class":61},[47,43792,3030],{"class":83},[47,43794,43795,43797,43799,43801,43803,43805,43807,43809,43811,43813,43815,43817,43819],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,43796,3296],{"class":83},[47,43798,2693],{"class":61},[47,43800,154],{"class":65},[47,43802,2693],{"class":61},[47,43804,590],{"class":83},[47,43806,2688],{"class":61},[47,43808,4158],{"class":65},[47,43810,2693],{"class":61},[47,43812,590],{"class":83},[47,43814,2688],{"class":61},[47,43816,9138],{"class":65},[47,43818,2693],{"class":61},[47,43820,3030],{"class":83},[20,43822,43823],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[33,43825,43827,43828],{"id":43826},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,43829,42891],{},[20,43831,43832,43833,43835],{},"Do not use ",[15,43834,42891],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,43837,43838],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[133,43840,43841,43847,43853,43856],{},[136,43842,43843,43844,43846],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,43845,4085],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[136,43848,43849,43850,43852],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,43851,42891],{}," values across program runs",[136,43854,43855],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[136,43857,43858,43859],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,43860,42891],{},[20,43862,43863],{},"Bad example:",[38,43865,43867],{"className":40,"code":43866,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,43868,43869,43881,43893,43897,43919],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43870,43871,43873,43875,43877,43879],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43872,1208],{"class":53},[47,43874,58],{"class":57},[47,43876,62],{"class":61},[47,43878,36452],{"class":65},[47,43880,69],{"class":61},[47,43882,43883,43885,43887,43889,43891],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,43884,1221],{"class":53},[47,43886,58],{"class":57},[47,43888,62],{"class":61},[47,43890,36452],{"class":65},[47,43892,69],{"class":61},[47,43894,43895],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,43896,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,43898,43899,43901,43903,43905,43907,43909,43911,43913,43915,43917],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,43900,656],{"class":655},[47,43902,14218],{"class":97},[47,43904,101],{"class":83},[47,43906,154],{"class":87},[47,43908,3057],{"class":83},[47,43910,669],{"class":57},[47,43912,14218],{"class":97},[47,43914,101],{"class":83},[47,43916,4158],{"class":87},[47,43918,7740],{"class":83},[47,43920,43921,43923,43925,43927,43930,43932],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,43922,684],{"class":97},[47,43924,101],{"class":83},[47,43926,253],{"class":61},[47,43928,43929],{"class":65},"The values are equal",[47,43931,253],{"class":61},[47,43933,107],{"class":83},[20,43935,43936],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[38,43938,43940],{"className":40,"code":43939,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,43941,43942,43955],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43943,43944,43946,43949,43951,43953],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43945,656],{"class":655},[47,43947,43948],{"class":53}," a ",[47,43950,4085],{"class":57},[47,43952,1253],{"class":53},[47,43954,679],{"class":83},[47,43956,43957,43959,43961,43963,43965,43967],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,43958,684],{"class":97},[47,43960,101],{"class":83},[47,43962,253],{"class":61},[47,43964,43929],{"class":65},[47,43966,253],{"class":61},[47,43968,107],{"class":83},[20,43970,1486,43971,158,43973,43975],{},[15,43972,11593],{},[15,43974,42891],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[33,43977,20203],{"id":20202},[20,43979,43980],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[133,43982,43983,43986,43989,43994],{},[136,43984,43985],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[136,43987,43988],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[136,43990,43991,43992],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,43993,42891],{},[136,43995,43996,43997],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,43998,42891],{},[20,44000,44001],{},"The important rule is:",[133,44003,44004,44009],{},[136,44005,1486,44006,44008],{},[15,44007,4085],{}," to check value",[136,44010,1486,44011,44013],{},[15,44012,11593],{}," to check identity",[20,44015,44016,44017,44019],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44018,42891],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[33,44021,722],{"id":721},[20,44023,44024,44025,1032],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44026,42891],{},[133,44028,44029,44037,44040,44043,44048],{},[136,44030,7816,44031,44033,44034,44036],{},[15,44032,42891],{}," when ",[15,44035,4085],{}," should be used",[136,44038,44039],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[136,44041,44042],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[136,44044,44045,44046],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44047,42891],{},[136,44049,7816,44050,44052],{},[15,44051,42891],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44054,44055],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[38,44057,44059],{"className":40,"code":44058,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44060,44061,44076,44090,44104,44118],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44062,44063,44065,44067,44069,44071,44074],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44064,98],{"class":97},[47,44066,101],{"class":83},[47,44068,12049],{"class":97},[47,44070,101],{"class":83},[47,44072,44073],{"class":87},"my_object",[47,44075,1419],{"class":83},[47,44077,44078,44080,44082,44084,44086,44088],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,44079,98],{"class":97},[47,44081,101],{"class":83},[47,44083,1208],{"class":87},[47,44085,4085],{"class":57},[47,44087,1253],{"class":87},[47,44089,107],{"class":83},[47,44091,44092,44094,44096,44098,44100,44102],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,44093,98],{"class":97},[47,44095,101],{"class":83},[47,44097,1208],{"class":87},[47,44099,11593],{"class":655},[47,44101,1253],{"class":87},[47,44103,107],{"class":83},[47,44105,44106,44108,44110,44112,44114,44116],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,44107,98],{"class":97},[47,44109,101],{"class":83},[47,44111,2613],{"class":919},[47,44113,101],{"class":83},[47,44115,44073],{"class":87},[47,44117,1419],{"class":83},[47,44119,44120,44122,44124,44126],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,44121,31558],{"class":97},[47,44123,101],{"class":83},[47,44125,12049],{"class":97},[47,44127,107],{"class":83},[33,44129,1155],{"id":1154},[724,44131,44133,44134,12115],{"id":44132},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44135,42891],{},[20,44137,44138],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[724,44140,14305,44142,44144],{"id":44141},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44143,42891],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44146,44147],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[724,44149,20822,44151,44153],{"id":44150},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44152,42891],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44155,29675,44156,44158,44159,158,44161,44163],{},[15,44157,4085],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44160,42891],{},[15,44162,11593],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[724,44165,44167,44168,1883],{"id":44166},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44169,42891],{},[20,44171,44172],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[724,44174,44176,44177,44179],{"id":44175},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44178,42891],{}," values?",[20,44181,44182],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[33,44184,1275],{"id":1274},[133,44186,44187,44192,44197,44202,44210],{},[136,44188,44189],{},[154,44190,44191],{"href":43029},"Python variables explained for beginners",[136,44193,44194],{},[154,44195,44196],{"href":43338},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[136,44198,44199],{},[154,44200,44201],{"href":43342},"Python data types overview",[136,44203,44204],{},[154,44205,2968,44207,2901],{"href":44206},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44208,44209],{},"isinstance()",[136,44211,44212],{},[154,44213,44215],{"href":44214},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1320,44217,44218],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":44220},[44221,44223,44224,44225,44226,44227,44229,44231,44232,44233,44245],{"id":42995,"depth":72,"text":44222},"What id() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":43163,"depth":72,"text":43164},{"id":43346,"depth":72,"text":43347},{"id":43458,"depth":72,"text":43459},{"id":43615,"depth":72,"text":44228},"When id() is useful",{"id":43826,"depth":72,"text":44230},"When not to use id()",{"id":20202,"depth":72,"text":20203},{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":44234},[44235,44237,44239,44241,44243],{"id":44132,"depth":94,"text":44236},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44141,"depth":94,"text":44238},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44150,"depth":94,"text":44240},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44166,"depth":94,"text":44242},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44175,"depth":94,"text":44244},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":42883,"description":44246},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44253,"title":41597,"body":44254,"description":45894,"extension":1354,"meta":45895,"navigation":311,"path":45896,"seo":45897,"stem":45898,"__hash__":45899},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44255,"toc":45860},[44256,44261,44266,44269,44271,44314,44319,44322,44327,44332,44335,44351,44353,44397,44399,44426,44428,44443,44445,44447,44449,44465,44467,44479,44482,44516,44519,44544,44549,44551,44556,44560,44563,44565,44613,44615,44648,44654,44665,44667,44719,44721,44752,44754,44758,44762,44805,44811,44817,44869,44877,44882,44886,44977,44979,45012,45015,45017,45077,45079,45105,45115,45117,45121,45126,45131,45133,45170,45172,45191,45194,45198,45201,45257,45269,45278,45280,45307,45315,45322,45326,45329,45366,45369,45375,45412,45414,45418,45424,45442,45447,45495,45499,45588,45591,45598,45600,45602,45607,45625,45627,45670,45676,45693,45695,45757,45759,45761,45767,45775,45781,45787,45796,45806,45810,45818,45820,45822,45857],[10,44257,2968,44259,2972],{"id":44258},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44260,2346],{},[20,44262,1371,44263,44265],{},[15,44264,2346],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44267,44268],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[33,44270,36],{"id":35},[38,44272,44274],{"className":40,"code":44273,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44275,44276,44295],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44277,44278,44280,44282,44284,44286,44288,44291,44293],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44279,212],{"class":53},[47,44281,58],{"class":57},[47,44283,7640],{"class":97},[47,44285,101],{"class":83},[47,44287,253],{"class":61},[47,44289,44290],{"class":65},"Enter your name: ",[47,44292,253],{"class":61},[47,44294,107],{"class":83},[47,44296,44297,44299,44301,44303,44306,44308,44310,44312],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,44298,98],{"class":97},[47,44300,101],{"class":83},[47,44302,253],{"class":61},[47,44304,44305],{"class":65},"Hello, ",[47,44307,253],{"class":61},[47,44309,1844],{"class":57},[47,44311,478],{"class":87},[47,44313,107],{"class":83},[20,44315,1486,44316,44318],{},[15,44317,2346],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44320,44321],"hr",{},[33,44323,128,44325,131],{"id":44324},"what-input-does",[15,44326,2346],{},[20,44328,44329,44331],{},[15,44330,2346],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,44333,44334],{},"Here is what happens:",[133,44336,44337,44342,44345,44348],{},[136,44338,44339,44341],{},[15,44340,2346],{}," waits for the user to type",[136,44343,44344],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[136,44346,44347],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[136,44349,44350],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,44352,538],{},[38,44354,44356],{"className":40,"code":44355,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,44357,44358,44378],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44359,44360,44363,44365,44367,44369,44371,44374,44376],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44361,44362],{"class":53},"color ",[47,44364,58],{"class":57},[47,44366,7640],{"class":97},[47,44368,101],{"class":83},[47,44370,253],{"class":61},[47,44372,44373],{"class":65},"What is your favorite color? ",[47,44375,253],{"class":61},[47,44377,107],{"class":83},[47,44379,44380,44382,44384,44386,44389,44391,44393,44395],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,44381,98],{"class":97},[47,44383,101],{"class":83},[47,44385,253],{"class":61},[47,44387,44388],{"class":65},"Your favorite color is",[47,44390,253],{"class":61},[47,44392,590],{"class":83},[47,44394,35255],{"class":87},[47,44396,107],{"class":83},[20,44398,29434],{},[38,44400,44402],{"className":40,"code":44401,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,44403,44404,44417],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44405,44406,44408,44410,44413,44415],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44407,128],{"class":53},[47,44409,11593],{"class":57},[47,44411,44412],{"class":53}," your favorite color",[47,44414,1883],{"class":36771},[47,44416,35285],{"class":53},[47,44418,44419,44422,44424],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,44420,44421],{"class":53},"Your favorite color ",[47,44423,11593],{"class":57},[47,44425,35285],{"class":53},[20,44427,19359],{},[133,44429,44430,44435,44440],{},[136,44431,44432,44433],{},"The prompt is ",[15,44434,44373],{},[136,44436,44437,44438],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,44439,32297],{},[136,44441,44442],{},"That value is then printed",[44320,44444],{},[33,44446,166],{"id":165},[20,44448,6617],{},[38,44450,44452],{"className":40,"code":44451,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"input(prompt)\n",[15,44453,44454],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44455,44456,44458,44460,44463],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44457,41866],{"class":97},[47,44459,101],{"class":83},[47,44461,44462],{"class":87},"prompt",[47,44464,107],{"class":83},[20,44466,188],{},[133,44468,44469,44473,44476],{},[136,44470,1371,44471,19441],{},[15,44472,44462],{},[136,44474,44475],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[136,44477,44478],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,44480,44481],{},"Example with a prompt:",[38,44483,44485],{"className":40,"code":44484,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,44486,44487,44506],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44488,44489,44491,44493,44495,44497,44499,44502,44504],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44490,7360],{"class":53},[47,44492,58],{"class":57},[47,44494,7640],{"class":97},[47,44496,101],{"class":83},[47,44498,253],{"class":61},[47,44500,44501],{"class":65},"Enter your username: ",[47,44503,253],{"class":61},[47,44505,107],{"class":83},[47,44507,44508,44510,44512,44514],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,44509,98],{"class":97},[47,44511,101],{"class":83},[47,44513,7384],{"class":87},[47,44515,107],{"class":83},[20,44517,44518],{},"Example without a prompt:",[38,44520,44522],{"className":40,"code":44521,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,44523,44524,44534],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44525,44526,44528,44530,44532],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44527,1836],{"class":53},[47,44529,58],{"class":57},[47,44531,7640],{"class":97},[47,44533,91],{"class":83},[47,44535,44536,44538,44540,44542],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,44537,98],{"class":97},[47,44539,101],{"class":83},[47,44541,1863],{"class":87},[47,44543,107],{"class":83},[20,44545,7161,44546,44548],{},[15,44547,2346],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44320,44550],{},[33,44552,128,44554,11104],{"id":44553},"what-input-returns",[15,44555,2346],{},[20,44557,44558,7623],{},[15,44559,2346],{},[20,44561,44562],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,44564,538],{},[38,44566,44568],{"className":40,"code":44567,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44569,44570,44589,44599],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44571,44572,44574,44576,44578,44580,44582,44585,44587],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44573,21030],{"class":53},[47,44575,58],{"class":57},[47,44577,7640],{"class":97},[47,44579,101],{"class":83},[47,44581,253],{"class":61},[47,44583,44584],{"class":65},"Enter your age: ",[47,44586,253],{"class":61},[47,44588,107],{"class":83},[47,44590,44591,44593,44595,44597],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,44592,98],{"class":97},[47,44594,101],{"class":83},[47,44596,8697],{"class":87},[47,44598,107],{"class":83},[47,44600,44601,44603,44605,44607,44609,44611],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,44602,98],{"class":97},[47,44604,101],{"class":83},[47,44606,2613],{"class":919},[47,44608,101],{"class":83},[47,44610,8697],{"class":87},[47,44612,1419],{"class":83},[20,44614,29434],{},[38,44616,44618],{"className":40,"code":44617,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,44619,44620,44630,44634],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44621,44622,44625,44627],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44623,44624],{"class":53},"Enter your age",[47,44626,1032],{"class":83},[47,44628,44629],{"class":586}," 25\n",[47,44631,44632],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,44633,2098],{"class":586},[47,44635,44636,44638,44640,44642,44644,44646],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,44637,2682],{"class":57},[47,44639,2685],{"class":1458},[47,44641,2688],{"class":61},[47,44643,920],{"class":65},[47,44645,2693],{"class":61},[47,44647,2696],{"class":57},[20,44649,44650,44651,44653],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,44652,8591],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,44655,44656,44657,158,44661,84],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[154,44658,44659],{"href":2263},[15,44660,2266],{},[154,44662,44663],{"href":2269},[15,44664,2272],{},[20,44666,538],{},[38,44668,44670],{"className":40,"code":44669,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44671,44672,44695,44705],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44673,44674,44676,44678,44681,44683,44685,44687,44689,44691,44693],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44675,21030],{"class":53},[47,44677,58],{"class":57},[47,44679,44680],{"class":919}," int",[47,44682,101],{"class":83},[47,44684,41866],{"class":97},[47,44686,101],{"class":83},[47,44688,253],{"class":61},[47,44690,44584],{"class":65},[47,44692,253],{"class":61},[47,44694,1419],{"class":83},[47,44696,44697,44699,44701,44703],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,44698,98],{"class":97},[47,44700,101],{"class":83},[47,44702,8697],{"class":87},[47,44704,107],{"class":83},[47,44706,44707,44709,44711,44713,44715,44717],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,44708,98],{"class":97},[47,44710,101],{"class":83},[47,44712,2613],{"class":919},[47,44714,101],{"class":83},[47,44716,8697],{"class":87},[47,44718,1419],{"class":83},[20,44720,29434],{},[38,44722,44724],{"className":40,"code":44723,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,44725,44726,44734,44738],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44727,44728,44730,44732],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44729,44624],{"class":53},[47,44731,1032],{"class":83},[47,44733,44629],{"class":586},[47,44735,44736],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,44737,2098],{"class":586},[47,44739,44740,44742,44744,44746,44748,44750],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,44741,2682],{"class":57},[47,44743,2685],{"class":1458},[47,44745,2688],{"class":61},[47,44747,890],{"class":65},[47,44749,2693],{"class":61},[47,44751,2696],{"class":57},[44320,44753],{},[33,44755,44757],{"id":44756},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[724,44759,44761],{"id":44760},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[38,44763,44765],{"className":40,"code":44764,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,44766,44767,44786],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44768,44769,44771,44773,44775,44777,44779,44782,44784],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44770,212],{"class":53},[47,44772,58],{"class":57},[47,44774,7640],{"class":97},[47,44776,101],{"class":83},[47,44778,253],{"class":61},[47,44780,44781],{"class":65},"What is your name? ",[47,44783,253],{"class":61},[47,44785,107],{"class":83},[47,44787,44788,44790,44792,44794,44797,44799,44801,44803],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,44789,98],{"class":97},[47,44791,101],{"class":83},[47,44793,253],{"class":61},[47,44795,44796],{"class":65},"Hello,",[47,44798,253],{"class":61},[47,44800,590],{"class":83},[47,44802,478],{"class":87},[47,44804,107],{"class":83},[20,44806,44807,44808,44810],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,44809,229],{}," and prints it.",[724,44812,44814,44815],{"id":44813},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,44816,2266],{},[38,44818,44820],{"className":40,"code":44819,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,44821,44822,44845],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44823,44824,44826,44828,44830,44832,44834,44836,44838,44841,44843],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44825,21030],{"class":53},[47,44827,58],{"class":57},[47,44829,44680],{"class":919},[47,44831,101],{"class":83},[47,44833,41866],{"class":97},[47,44835,101],{"class":83},[47,44837,253],{"class":61},[47,44839,44840],{"class":65},"How old are you? ",[47,44842,253],{"class":61},[47,44844,1419],{"class":83},[47,44846,44847,44849,44851,44853,44856,44858,44860,44863,44865,44867],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,44848,98],{"class":97},[47,44850,101],{"class":83},[47,44852,253],{"class":61},[47,44854,44855],{"class":65},"Next year you will be",[47,44857,253],{"class":61},[47,44859,590],{"class":83},[47,44861,44862],{"class":87}," age ",[47,44864,1452],{"class":57},[47,44866,4898],{"class":586},[47,44868,107],{"class":83},[20,44870,5461,44871,44873,44874,44876],{},[15,44872,2266],{}," converts the text from ",[15,44875,2346],{}," into a whole number.",[20,44878,44879,44880,84],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[154,44881,8378],{"href":8377},[724,44883,44885],{"id":44884},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[38,44887,44889],{"className":40,"code":44888,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,44890,44891,44915,44939,44953,44957],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44892,44893,44896,44898,44900,44902,44904,44906,44908,44911,44913],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44894,44895],{"class":53},"num1 ",[47,44897,58],{"class":57},[47,44899,44680],{"class":919},[47,44901,101],{"class":83},[47,44903,41866],{"class":97},[47,44905,101],{"class":83},[47,44907,253],{"class":61},[47,44909,44910],{"class":65},"Enter the first number: ",[47,44912,253],{"class":61},[47,44914,1419],{"class":83},[47,44916,44917,44920,44922,44924,44926,44928,44930,44932,44935,44937],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,44918,44919],{"class":53},"num2 ",[47,44921,58],{"class":57},[47,44923,44680],{"class":919},[47,44925,101],{"class":83},[47,44927,41866],{"class":97},[47,44929,101],{"class":83},[47,44931,253],{"class":61},[47,44933,44934],{"class":65},"Enter the second number: ",[47,44936,253],{"class":61},[47,44938,1419],{"class":83},[47,44940,44941,44943,44945,44948,44950],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,44942,40586],{"class":53},[47,44944,58],{"class":57},[47,44946,44947],{"class":53}," num1 ",[47,44949,1452],{"class":57},[47,44951,44952],{"class":53}," num2\n",[47,44954,44955],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,44956,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,44958,44959,44961,44963,44965,44968,44970,44972,44975],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,44960,98],{"class":97},[47,44962,101],{"class":83},[47,44964,253],{"class":61},[47,44966,44967],{"class":65},"Total:",[47,44969,253],{"class":61},[47,44971,590],{"class":83},[47,44973,44974],{"class":87}," total",[47,44976,107],{"class":83},[20,44978,29434],{},[38,44980,44982],{"className":40,"code":44981,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,44983,44984,44994,45003],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44985,44986,44989,44991],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44987,44988],{"class":53},"Enter the first number",[47,44990,1032],{"class":83},[47,44992,44993],{"class":586}," 2\n",[47,44995,44996,44999,45001],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,44997,44998],{"class":53},"Enter the second number",[47,45000,1032],{"class":83},[47,45002,1967],{"class":586},[47,45004,45005,45008,45010],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,45006,45007],{"class":53},"Total",[47,45009,1032],{"class":83},[47,45011,34245],{"class":586},[20,45013,45014],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45016,538],{},[38,45018,45020],{"className":40,"code":45019,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45021,45022,45040,45058,45062],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45023,45024,45026,45028,45030,45032,45034,45036,45038],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45025,44895],{"class":53},[47,45027,58],{"class":57},[47,45029,7640],{"class":97},[47,45031,101],{"class":83},[47,45033,253],{"class":61},[47,45035,44910],{"class":65},[47,45037,253],{"class":61},[47,45039,107],{"class":83},[47,45041,45042,45044,45046,45048,45050,45052,45054,45056],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45043,44919],{"class":53},[47,45045,58],{"class":57},[47,45047,7640],{"class":97},[47,45049,101],{"class":83},[47,45051,253],{"class":61},[47,45053,44934],{"class":65},[47,45055,253],{"class":61},[47,45057,107],{"class":83},[47,45059,45060],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,45061,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,45063,45064,45066,45068,45070,45072,45075],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,45065,98],{"class":97},[47,45067,101],{"class":83},[47,45069,44895],{"class":87},[47,45071,1452],{"class":57},[47,45073,45074],{"class":87}," num2",[47,45076,107],{"class":83},[20,45078,29434],{},[38,45080,45082],{"className":40,"code":45081,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45083,45084,45092,45100],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45085,45086,45088,45090],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45087,44988],{"class":53},[47,45089,1032],{"class":83},[47,45091,44993],{"class":586},[47,45093,45094,45096,45098],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45095,44998],{"class":53},[47,45097,1032],{"class":83},[47,45099,1967],{"class":586},[47,45101,45102],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,45103,45104],{"class":586},"23\n",[20,45106,45107,45108,45111,45112,84],{},"That happens because ",[15,45109,45110],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45113,45114],{},"\"23\"",[44320,45116],{},[33,45118,45120],{"id":45119},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45122,45123,45124,84],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45125,2346],{},[724,45127,4101,45129,40946],{"id":45128},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45130,2346],{},[20,45132,38602],{},[38,45134,45136],{"className":40,"code":45135,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45137,45138,45156],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45139,45140,45142,45144,45146,45148,45150,45152,45154],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45141,1836],{"class":53},[47,45143,58],{"class":57},[47,45145,7640],{"class":97},[47,45147,101],{"class":83},[47,45149,253],{"class":61},[47,45151,41274],{"class":65},[47,45153,253],{"class":61},[47,45155,107],{"class":83},[47,45157,45158,45160,45162,45164,45166,45168],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45159,98],{"class":97},[47,45161,101],{"class":83},[47,45163,2613],{"class":919},[47,45165,101],{"class":83},[47,45167,1863],{"class":87},[47,45169,1419],{"class":83},[20,45171,338],{},[38,45173,45175],{"className":40,"code":45174,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45176,45177],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45178,45179,45181,45183,45185,45187,45189],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45180,2682],{"class":57},[47,45182,2685],{"class":1458},[47,45184,2688],{"class":61},[47,45186,920],{"class":65},[47,45188,2693],{"class":61},[47,45190,2696],{"class":57},[20,45192,45193],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[724,45195,45197],{"id":45196},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45199,45200],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[38,45202,45204],{"className":40,"code":45203,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45205,45206,45224,45243],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45207,45208,45210,45212,45214,45216,45218,45220,45222],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45209,1208],{"class":53},[47,45211,58],{"class":57},[47,45213,7640],{"class":97},[47,45215,101],{"class":83},[47,45217,253],{"class":61},[47,45219,41274],{"class":65},[47,45221,253],{"class":61},[47,45223,107],{"class":83},[47,45225,45226,45228,45230,45232,45234,45236,45239,45241],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45227,1221],{"class":53},[47,45229,58],{"class":57},[47,45231,7640],{"class":97},[47,45233,101],{"class":83},[47,45235,253],{"class":61},[47,45237,45238],{"class":65},"Enter another number: ",[47,45240,253],{"class":61},[47,45242,107],{"class":83},[47,45244,45245,45247,45249,45251,45253,45255],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,45246,98],{"class":97},[47,45248,101],{"class":83},[47,45250,1208],{"class":87},[47,45252,1452],{"class":57},[47,45254,1253],{"class":87},[47,45256,107],{"class":83},[20,45258,40524,45259,1063,45261,45263,45264,18365,45267,84],{},[15,45260,1896],{},[15,45262,1531],{},", the result is ",[15,45265,45266],{},"45",[15,45268,1539],{},[724,45270,45272,45273,45275,45276],{"id":45271},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45274,40107],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45277,2266],{},[20,45279,538],{},[38,45281,45283],{"className":40,"code":45282,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45284,45285],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45286,45287,45289,45291,45293,45295,45297,45299,45301,45303,45305],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45288,21030],{"class":53},[47,45290,58],{"class":57},[47,45292,44680],{"class":919},[47,45294,101],{"class":83},[47,45296,41866],{"class":97},[47,45298,101],{"class":83},[47,45300,253],{"class":61},[47,45302,44584],{"class":65},[47,45304,253],{"class":61},[47,45306,1419],{"class":83},[20,45308,7669,45309,45312,45313,84],{},[15,45310,45311],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,45314,40107],{},[20,45316,45317,45318,84],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[154,45319,45321],{"href":45320},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[724,45323,45325],{"id":45324},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,45327,45328],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[38,45330,45332],{"className":40,"code":45331,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,45333,45334,45352],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45335,45336,45338,45340,45342,45344,45346,45348,45350],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45337,212],{"class":53},[47,45339,58],{"class":57},[47,45341,7640],{"class":97},[47,45343,101],{"class":83},[47,45345,253],{"class":61},[47,45347,44290],{"class":65},[47,45349,253],{"class":61},[47,45351,107],{"class":83},[47,45353,45354,45356,45358,45360,45362,45364],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45355,98],{"class":97},[47,45357,101],{"class":83},[47,45359,41182],{"class":97},[47,45361,101],{"class":83},[47,45363,229],{"class":87},[47,45365,1419],{"class":83},[20,45367,45368],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,45370,45371,45372,1032],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,45373,45374],{},".strip()",[38,45376,45378],{"className":40,"code":45377,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,45379,45380,45402],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45381,45382,45384,45386,45388,45390,45392,45394,45396,45398,45400],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45383,212],{"class":53},[47,45385,58],{"class":57},[47,45387,7640],{"class":97},[47,45389,101],{"class":83},[47,45391,253],{"class":61},[47,45393,44290],{"class":65},[47,45395,253],{"class":61},[47,45397,927],{"class":83},[47,45399,1105],{"class":87},[47,45401,91],{"class":83},[47,45403,45404,45406,45408,45410],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45405,98],{"class":97},[47,45407,101],{"class":83},[47,45409,229],{"class":87},[47,45411,107],{"class":83},[44320,45413],{},[33,45415,45417],{"id":45416},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,45419,45420,45421,45423],{},"These habits make ",[15,45422,2346],{}," easier and safer to use.",[133,45425,45426,45429,45434,45437],{},[136,45427,45428],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[136,45430,1486,45431,45433],{},[15,45432,45374],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[136,45435,45436],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[136,45438,1486,45439,45441],{},[15,45440,29186],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,45443,45444,45445,1032],{},"Example with ",[15,45446,45374],{},[38,45448,45450],{"className":40,"code":45449,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,45451,45452,45476],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45453,45454,45457,45459,45461,45463,45465,45468,45470,45472,45474],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45455,45456],{"class":53},"city ",[47,45458,58],{"class":57},[47,45460,7640],{"class":97},[47,45462,101],{"class":83},[47,45464,253],{"class":61},[47,45466,45467],{"class":65},"Enter your city: ",[47,45469,253],{"class":61},[47,45471,927],{"class":83},[47,45473,1105],{"class":87},[47,45475,91],{"class":83},[47,45477,45478,45480,45482,45484,45487,45489,45491,45493],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45479,98],{"class":97},[47,45481,101],{"class":83},[47,45483,253],{"class":61},[47,45485,45486],{"class":65},"City:",[47,45488,253],{"class":61},[47,45490,590],{"class":83},[47,45492,30790],{"class":87},[47,45494,107],{"class":83},[20,45496,45444,45497,1032],{},[15,45498,29186],{},[38,45500,45502],{"className":40,"code":45501,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,45503,45504,45510,45533,45565,45573],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45505,45506,45508],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45507,29208],{"class":655},[47,45509,679],{"class":83},[47,45511,45512,45515,45517,45519,45521,45523,45525,45527,45529,45531],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45513,45514],{"class":53},"    age ",[47,45516,58],{"class":57},[47,45518,44680],{"class":919},[47,45520,101],{"class":83},[47,45522,41866],{"class":97},[47,45524,101],{"class":83},[47,45526,253],{"class":61},[47,45528,44584],{"class":65},[47,45530,253],{"class":61},[47,45532,1419],{"class":83},[47,45534,45535,45537,45539,45541,45544,45546,45548,45550,45552,45554,45556,45558,45561,45563],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,45536,684],{"class":97},[47,45538,101],{"class":83},[47,45540,253],{"class":61},[47,45542,45543],{"class":65},"You will be",[47,45545,253],{"class":61},[47,45547,590],{"class":83},[47,45549,44862],{"class":87},[47,45551,1452],{"class":57},[47,45553,4898],{"class":586},[47,45555,590],{"class":83},[47,45557,62],{"class":61},[47,45559,45560],{"class":65},"next year",[47,45562,253],{"class":61},[47,45564,107],{"class":83},[47,45566,45567,45569,45571],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,45568,29239],{"class":655},[47,45570,41329],{"class":919},[47,45572,679],{"class":83},[47,45574,45575,45577,45579,45581,45584,45586],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,45576,684],{"class":97},[47,45578,101],{"class":83},[47,45580,253],{"class":61},[47,45582,45583],{"class":65},"Please enter a whole number.",[47,45585,253],{"class":61},[47,45587,107],{"class":83},[20,45589,45590],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,45592,45593,45594,84],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[154,45595,45597],{"href":45596},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44320,45599],{},[33,45601,722],{"id":721},[20,45603,45604,45605,1032],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,45606,2346],{},[133,45608,45609,45616,45619,45622],{},[136,45610,45611,45612,158,45614],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,45613,2266],{},[15,45615,2272],{},[136,45617,45618],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[136,45620,45621],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[136,45623,45624],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,45626,31488],{},[38,45628,45630],{"className":40,"code":45629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,45631,45632,45642,45656],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45633,45634,45636,45638,45640],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45635,98],{"class":97},[47,45637,101],{"class":83},[47,45639,1863],{"class":87},[47,45641,107],{"class":83},[47,45643,45644,45646,45648,45650,45652,45654],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45645,98],{"class":97},[47,45647,101],{"class":83},[47,45649,2613],{"class":919},[47,45651,101],{"class":83},[47,45653,1863],{"class":87},[47,45655,1419],{"class":83},[47,45657,45658,45660,45662,45664,45666,45668],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,45659,98],{"class":97},[47,45661,101],{"class":83},[47,45663,41182],{"class":97},[47,45665,101],{"class":83},[47,45667,1863],{"class":87},[47,45669,1419],{"class":83},[20,45671,45672,45673,45675],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,45674,2346],{}," actually returned:",[133,45677,45678,45683,45688],{},[136,45679,45680,45682],{},[15,45681,41230],{}," shows the value",[136,45684,45685,45687],{},[15,45686,41236],{}," shows the data type",[136,45689,45690,45692],{},[15,45691,41241],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,45694,538],{},[38,45696,45698],{"className":40,"code":45697,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,45699,45700,45719,45729,45743],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45701,45702,45704,45706,45708,45710,45712,45715,45717],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45703,1836],{"class":53},[47,45705,58],{"class":57},[47,45707,7640],{"class":97},[47,45709,101],{"class":83},[47,45711,253],{"class":61},[47,45713,45714],{"class":65},"Enter something: ",[47,45716,253],{"class":61},[47,45718,107],{"class":83},[47,45720,45721,45723,45725,45727],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45722,98],{"class":97},[47,45724,101],{"class":83},[47,45726,1863],{"class":87},[47,45728,107],{"class":83},[47,45730,45731,45733,45735,45737,45739,45741],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,45732,98],{"class":97},[47,45734,101],{"class":83},[47,45736,2613],{"class":919},[47,45738,101],{"class":83},[47,45740,1863],{"class":87},[47,45742,1419],{"class":83},[47,45744,45745,45747,45749,45751,45753,45755],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,45746,98],{"class":97},[47,45748,101],{"class":83},[47,45750,41182],{"class":97},[47,45752,101],{"class":83},[47,45754,1863],{"class":87},[47,45756,1419],{"class":83},[44320,45758],{},[33,45760,1155],{"id":1154},[724,45762,1159,45764,45766],{"id":45763},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,45765,2346],{}," return an integer?",[20,45768,45769,45770,45772,45773,39332],{},"No. ",[15,45771,2346],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,45774,2266],{},[724,45776,45778,45779,1883],{"id":45777},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,45780,2346],{},[20,45782,45783,45784,45786],{},"No. You can call ",[15,45785,2346],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[724,45788,4556,45790,45793,45794,1883],{"id":45789},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,45791,45792],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,45795,2346],{},[20,45797,28465,45798,45800,45801,41558,45803,45805],{},[15,45799,2346],{}," returns strings. ",[15,45802,45110],{},[15,45804,45114],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[724,45807,45809],{"id":45808},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,45811,1486,45812,45814,45815,84],{},[15,45813,45374],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,45816,45817],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44320,45819],{},[33,45821,1275],{"id":1274},[133,45823,45824,45829,45833,45839,45845,45849],{},[136,45825,45826],{},[154,45827,45828],{"href":45596},"How to get user input in Python",[136,45830,45831],{},[154,45832,8455],{"href":8377},[136,45834,45835],{},[154,45836,2968,45837,2901],{"href":2263},[15,45838,2266],{},[136,45840,45841],{},[154,45842,2968,45843,2901],{"href":2269},[15,45844,2272],{},[136,45846,45847],{},[154,45848,45321],{"href":45320},[136,45850,45851],{},[154,45852,2968,45854,2901],{"href":45853},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,45855,45856],{},"print()",[1320,45858,45859],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":45861},[45862,45863,45865,45866,45868,45874,45882,45883,45884,45893],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":44324,"depth":72,"text":45864},"What input() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":44553,"depth":72,"text":45867},"What input() returns",{"id":44756,"depth":72,"text":44757,"children":45869},[45870,45871,45873],{"id":44760,"depth":94,"text":44761},{"id":44813,"depth":94,"text":45872},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":44884,"depth":94,"text":44885},{"id":45119,"depth":72,"text":45120,"children":45875},[45876,45878,45879,45881],{"id":45128,"depth":94,"text":45877},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45196,"depth":94,"text":45197},{"id":45271,"depth":94,"text":45880},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45324,"depth":94,"text":45325},{"id":45416,"depth":72,"text":45417},{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":45885},[45886,45888,45890,45892],{"id":45763,"depth":94,"text":45887},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":45777,"depth":94,"text":45889},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":45789,"depth":94,"text":45891},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":45808,"depth":94,"text":45809},{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":41597,"description":45894},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":45901,"title":41499,"body":45902,"description":48214,"extension":1354,"meta":48215,"navigation":311,"path":48216,"seo":48217,"stem":48218,"__hash__":48219},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":45903,"toc":48166},[45904,45909,45914,45919,45940,45943,45945,46005,46007,46026,46031,46036,46041,46043,46056,46058,46141,46143,46184,46190,46192,46222,46228,46231,46248,46250,46302,46304,46322,46328,46334,46337,46355,46357,46430,46432,46451,46458,46464,46469,46472,46532,46534,46553,46556,46559,46574,46580,46584,46645,46647,46668,46672,46801,46803,46933,46943,46949,46955,46963,47029,47031,47056,47059,47076,47089,47095,47098,47131,47133,47146,47149,47192,47194,47202,47209,47213,47220,47224,47251,47253,47261,47267,47284,47289,47293,47320,47322,47330,47334,47339,47342,47368,47371,47380,47388,47392,47402,47406,47409,47411,47462,47464,47494,47504,47531,47533,47541,47551,47555,47558,47560,47608,47610,47654,47660,47711,47713,47732,47737,47742,47744,47763,47766,47818,47820,47829,47831,47835,47839,47842,47851,47858,47860,47887,47891,47893,47902,47905,47912,47918,47978,47982,47984,47992,47995,48021,48027,48030,48050,48052,48061,48069,48071,48077,48082,48089,48099,48105,48113,48117,48120,48122,48163],[10,45905,2968,45907,2972],{"id":45906},"python-int-function-explained",[15,45908,2266],{},[20,45910,31723,45911,45913],{},[15,45912,2266],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,45915,34809,45916,45918],{},[15,45917,2266],{}," when they want to:",[133,45920,45921,45931,45934,45937],{},[136,45922,45923,45924,45927,45928],{},"turn text like ",[15,45925,45926],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,45929,45930],{},"42",[136,45932,45933],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[136,45935,45936],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[136,45938,45939],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,45941,45942],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[33,45944,36],{"id":35},[38,45946,45948],{"className":40,"code":45947,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,45949,45950,45968,45982],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45951,45952,45954,45956,45958,45960,45962,45964,45966],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45953,98],{"class":97},[47,45955,101],{"class":83},[47,45957,890],{"class":919},[47,45959,101],{"class":83},[47,45961,253],{"class":61},[47,45963,45930],{"class":65},[47,45965,253],{"class":61},[47,45967,1419],{"class":83},[47,45969,45970,45972,45974,45976,45978,45980],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45971,98],{"class":97},[47,45973,101],{"class":83},[47,45975,890],{"class":919},[47,45977,101],{"class":83},[47,45979,41387],{"class":586},[47,45981,1419],{"class":83},[47,45983,45984,45986,45988,45990,45992,45994,45997,45999,46001,46003],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,45985,98],{"class":97},[47,45987,101],{"class":83},[47,45989,890],{"class":919},[47,45991,101],{"class":83},[47,45993,253],{"class":61},[47,45995,45996],{"class":65},"101",[47,45998,253],{"class":61},[47,46000,590],{"class":83},[47,46002,2382],{"class":586},[47,46004,1419],{"class":83},[20,46006,338],{},[38,46008,46010],{"className":40,"code":46009,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46011,46012,46017,46022],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46013,46014],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46015,46016],{"class":586},"42\n",[47,46018,46019],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,46020,46021],{"class":586},"3\n",[47,46023,46024],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,46025,2335],{"class":586},[20,46027,1486,46028,46030],{},[15,46029,2266],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[33,46032,128,46034,131],{"id":46033},"what-int-does",[15,46035,2266],{},[20,46037,46038,46040],{},[15,46039,2266],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46042,12452],{},[133,46044,46045,46050,46053],{},[136,46046,46047,46048,6739],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46049,890],{},[136,46051,46052],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[136,46054,46055],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46057,538],{},[38,46059,46061],{"className":40,"code":46060,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46062,46063,46075,46089,46093,46103,46113,46127],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46064,46065,46067,46069,46071,46073],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46066,54],{"class":53},[47,46068,58],{"class":57},[47,46070,62],{"class":61},[47,46072,8591],{"class":65},[47,46074,69],{"class":61},[47,46076,46077,46079,46081,46083,46085,46087],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,46078,864],{"class":53},[47,46080,58],{"class":57},[47,46082,44680],{"class":919},[47,46084,101],{"class":83},[47,46086,565],{"class":87},[47,46088,107],{"class":83},[47,46090,46091],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,46092,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,46094,46095,46097,46099,46101],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,46096,98],{"class":97},[47,46098,101],{"class":83},[47,46100,565],{"class":87},[47,46102,107],{"class":83},[47,46104,46105,46107,46109,46111],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,46106,98],{"class":97},[47,46108,101],{"class":83},[47,46110,878],{"class":87},[47,46112,107],{"class":83},[47,46114,46115,46117,46119,46121,46123,46125],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,46116,98],{"class":97},[47,46118,101],{"class":83},[47,46120,2613],{"class":919},[47,46122,101],{"class":83},[47,46124,565],{"class":87},[47,46126,1419],{"class":83},[47,46128,46129,46131,46133,46135,46137,46139],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,46130,98],{"class":97},[47,46132,101],{"class":83},[47,46134,2613],{"class":919},[47,46136,101],{"class":83},[47,46138,878],{"class":87},[47,46140,1419],{"class":83},[20,46142,338],{},[38,46144,46146],{"className":40,"code":46145,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46147,46148,46152,46156,46170],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46149,46150],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46151,2098],{"class":586},[47,46153,46154],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,46155,2098],{"class":586},[47,46157,46158,46160,46162,46164,46166,46168],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,46159,2682],{"class":57},[47,46161,2685],{"class":1458},[47,46163,2688],{"class":61},[47,46165,920],{"class":65},[47,46167,2693],{"class":61},[47,46169,2696],{"class":57},[47,46171,46172,46174,46176,46178,46180,46182],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,46173,2682],{"class":57},[47,46175,2685],{"class":1458},[47,46177,2688],{"class":61},[47,46179,890],{"class":65},[47,46181,2693],{"class":61},[47,46183,2696],{"class":57},[20,46185,46186,46187,46189],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46188,2266],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[33,46191,166],{"id":165},[38,46193,46195],{"className":40,"code":46194,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46196,46197,46207],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46198,46199,46201,46203,46205],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46200,890],{"class":919},[47,46202,101],{"class":83},[47,46204,1567],{"class":87},[47,46206,107],{"class":83},[47,46208,46209,46211,46213,46215,46217,46220],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,46210,890],{"class":919},[47,46212,101],{"class":83},[47,46214,1567],{"class":87},[47,46216,590],{"class":83},[47,46218,46219],{"class":87}," base",[47,46221,107],{"class":83},[724,46223,46225],{"id":46224},"intx",[15,46226,46227],{},"int(x)",[20,46229,46230],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[133,46232,46233,46238,46243],{},[136,46234,46235,46236],{},"a string such as ",[15,46237,41529],{},[136,46239,46240,46241],{},"a float such as ",[15,46242,41387],{},[136,46244,46245,46246],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46247,2997],{},[20,46249,538],{},[38,46251,46253],{"className":40,"code":46252,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46254,46255,46273,46288],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46256,46257,46259,46261,46263,46265,46267,46269,46271],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46258,98],{"class":97},[47,46260,101],{"class":83},[47,46262,890],{"class":919},[47,46264,101],{"class":83},[47,46266,253],{"class":61},[47,46268,1719],{"class":65},[47,46270,253],{"class":61},[47,46272,1419],{"class":83},[47,46274,46275,46277,46279,46281,46283,46286],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,46276,98],{"class":97},[47,46278,101],{"class":83},[47,46280,890],{"class":919},[47,46282,101],{"class":83},[47,46284,46285],{"class":586},"8.7",[47,46287,1419],{"class":83},[47,46289,46290,46292,46294,46296,46298,46300],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,46291,98],{"class":97},[47,46293,101],{"class":83},[47,46295,890],{"class":919},[47,46297,101],{"class":83},[47,46299,2997],{"class":1271},[47,46301,1419],{"class":83},[20,46303,338],{},[38,46305,46307],{"className":40,"code":46306,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46308,46309,46313,46317],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46310,46311],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46312,1765],{"class":586},[47,46314,46315],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,46316,1770],{"class":586},[47,46318,46319],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,46320,46321],{"class":586},"1\n",[724,46323,46325],{"id":46324},"intx-base",[15,46326,46327],{},"int(x, base)",[20,46329,46330,46331,46333],{},"Use this form when ",[15,46332,1567],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,46335,46336],{},"Common bases:",[133,46338,46339,46344,46349],{},[136,46340,46341,46343],{},[15,46342,1449],{}," for binary",[136,46345,46346,46348],{},[15,46347,1734],{}," for octal",[136,46350,46351,46354],{},[15,46352,46353],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,46356,538],{},[38,46358,46360],{"className":40,"code":46359,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,46361,46362,46384,46407],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46363,46364,46366,46368,46370,46372,46374,46376,46378,46380,46382],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46365,98],{"class":97},[47,46367,101],{"class":83},[47,46369,890],{"class":919},[47,46371,101],{"class":83},[47,46373,253],{"class":61},[47,46375,45996],{"class":65},[47,46377,253],{"class":61},[47,46379,590],{"class":83},[47,46381,2382],{"class":586},[47,46383,1419],{"class":83},[47,46385,46386,46388,46390,46392,46394,46396,46399,46401,46403,46405],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,46387,98],{"class":97},[47,46389,101],{"class":83},[47,46391,890],{"class":919},[47,46393,101],{"class":83},[47,46395,253],{"class":61},[47,46397,46398],{"class":65},"17",[47,46400,253],{"class":61},[47,46402,590],{"class":83},[47,46404,5760],{"class":586},[47,46406,1419],{"class":83},[47,46408,46409,46411,46413,46415,46417,46419,46422,46424,46426,46428],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,46410,98],{"class":97},[47,46412,101],{"class":83},[47,46414,890],{"class":919},[47,46416,101],{"class":83},[47,46418,253],{"class":61},[47,46420,46421],{"class":65},"1A",[47,46423,253],{"class":61},[47,46425,590],{"class":83},[47,46427,13389],{"class":586},[47,46429,1419],{"class":83},[20,46431,338],{},[38,46433,46435],{"className":40,"code":46434,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,46436,46437,46441,46446],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46438,46439],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46440,2335],{"class":586},[47,46442,46443],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,46444,46445],{"class":586},"15\n",[47,46447,46448],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,46449,46450],{"class":586},"26\n",[20,46452,46453,46454,84],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[154,46455,46456,1691],{"href":2269},[15,46457,2272],{},[33,46459,7816,46461,46463],{"id":46460},"using-int-with-strings",[15,46462,2266],{}," with strings",[20,46465,46466,46468],{},[15,46467,2266],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,46470,46471],{},"Examples that work:",[38,46473,46475],{"className":40,"code":46474,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,46476,46477,46495,46513],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46478,46479,46481,46483,46485,46487,46489,46491,46493],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46480,98],{"class":97},[47,46482,101],{"class":83},[47,46484,890],{"class":919},[47,46486,101],{"class":83},[47,46488,253],{"class":61},[47,46490,1531],{"class":65},[47,46492,253],{"class":61},[47,46494,1419],{"class":83},[47,46496,46497,46499,46501,46503,46505,46507,46509,46511],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,46498,98],{"class":97},[47,46500,101],{"class":83},[47,46502,890],{"class":919},[47,46504,101],{"class":83},[47,46506,253],{"class":61},[47,46508,1680],{"class":65},[47,46510,253],{"class":61},[47,46512,1419],{"class":83},[47,46514,46515,46517,46519,46521,46523,46525,46528,46530],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,46516,98],{"class":97},[47,46518,101],{"class":83},[47,46520,890],{"class":919},[47,46522,101],{"class":83},[47,46524,253],{"class":61},[47,46526,46527],{"class":65},"  42  ",[47,46529,253],{"class":61},[47,46531,1419],{"class":83},[20,46533,338],{},[38,46535,46537],{"className":40,"code":46536,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,46538,46539,46543,46549],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46540,46541],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46542,2335],{"class":586},[47,46544,46545,46547],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,46546,1413],{"class":57},[47,46548,1615],{"class":586},[47,46550,46551],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,46552,46016],{"class":586},[20,46554,46555],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,46557,46558],{},"Examples that fail:",[38,46560,46562],{"className":40,"code":46561,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,46563,46564,46569],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46565,46566],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46567,46568],{"class":113},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[47,46570,46571],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,46572,46573],{"class":113},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,46575,46576,46577,46579],{},"These raise ",[15,46578,40107],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[724,46581,46583],{"id":46582},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[38,46585,46587],{"className":40,"code":46586,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,46588,46589,46607,46626],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46590,46591,46593,46595,46597,46599,46601,46603,46605],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46592,98],{"class":97},[47,46594,101],{"class":83},[47,46596,890],{"class":919},[47,46598,101],{"class":83},[47,46600,253],{"class":61},[47,46602,1514],{"class":65},[47,46604,253],{"class":61},[47,46606,1419],{"class":83},[47,46608,46609,46611,46613,46615,46617,46619,46622,46624],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,46610,98],{"class":97},[47,46612,101],{"class":83},[47,46614,890],{"class":919},[47,46616,101],{"class":83},[47,46618,253],{"class":61},[47,46620,46621],{"class":65},"+7",[47,46623,253],{"class":61},[47,46625,1419],{"class":83},[47,46627,46628,46630,46632,46634,46636,46638,46641,46643],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,46629,98],{"class":97},[47,46631,101],{"class":83},[47,46633,890],{"class":919},[47,46635,101],{"class":83},[47,46637,253],{"class":61},[47,46639,46640],{"class":65},"-100",[47,46642,253],{"class":61},[47,46644,1419],{"class":83},[20,46646,338],{},[38,46648,46650],{"className":40,"code":46649,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,46651,46652,46657,46661],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46653,46654],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46655,46656],{"class":586},"0\n",[47,46658,46659],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,46660,1473],{"class":586},[47,46662,46663,46665],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,46664,1413],{"class":57},[47,46666,46667],{"class":586},"100\n",[724,46669,46671],{"id":46670},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[38,46673,46675],{"className":40,"code":46674,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,46676,46677,46715,46719,46731,46738,46753,46768],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46678,46679,46681,46683,46685,46687,46689,46691,46693,46695,46698,46700,46702,46704,46706,46708,46711,46713],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46680,3219],{"class":53},[47,46682,58],{"class":57},[47,46684,3017],{"class":83},[47,46686,253],{"class":61},[47,46688,39546],{"class":65},[47,46690,253],{"class":61},[47,46692,590],{"class":83},[47,46694,62],{"class":61},[47,46696,46697],{"class":65},"12abc",[47,46699,253],{"class":61},[47,46701,590],{"class":83},[47,46703,5527],{"class":61},[47,46705,590],{"class":83},[47,46707,62],{"class":61},[47,46709,46710],{"class":65},"seven",[47,46712,253],{"class":61},[47,46714,3030],{"class":83},[47,46716,46717],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,46718,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,46720,46721,46723,46725,46727,46729],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,46722,5359],{"class":655},[47,46724,20986],{"class":53},[47,46726,3278],{"class":655},[47,46728,3281],{"class":53},[47,46730,679],{"class":83},[47,46732,46733,46736],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,46734,46735],{"class":655},"    try",[47,46737,679],{"class":83},[47,46739,46740,46743,46745,46747,46749,46751],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,46741,46742],{"class":97},"        print",[47,46744,101],{"class":83},[47,46746,890],{"class":919},[47,46748,101],{"class":83},[47,46750,1863],{"class":87},[47,46752,1419],{"class":83},[47,46754,46755,46758,46760,46763,46766],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,46756,46757],{"class":655},"    except",[47,46759,41329],{"class":919},[47,46761,46762],{"class":655}," as",[47,46764,46765],{"class":53}," error",[47,46767,679],{"class":83},[47,46769,46770,46772,46774,46776,46778,46780,46782,46785,46787,46790,46792,46795,46797,46799],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,46771,46742],{"class":97},[47,46773,101],{"class":83},[47,46775,21696],{"class":1458},[47,46777,253],{"class":65},[47,46779,8676],{"class":586},[47,46781,1863],{"class":87},[47,46783,46784],{"class":1458},"!r",[47,46786,21705],{"class":586},[47,46788,46789],{"class":65}," -> ",[47,46791,8676],{"class":586},[47,46793,46794],{"class":87},"error",[47,46796,21705],{"class":586},[47,46798,253],{"class":65},[47,46800,107],{"class":83},[20,46802,338],{},[38,46804,46806],{"className":40,"code":46805,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,46807,46808,46844,46876,46901],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46809,46810,46812,46814,46816,46819,46822,46824,46826,46828,46831,46834,46836,46838,46840,46842],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46811,2693],{"class":42731},[47,46813,39546],{"class":42735},[47,46815,2693],{"class":42731},[47,46817,46818],{"class":36771}," ->",[47,46820,46821],{"class":53}," invalid literal ",[47,46823,5359],{"class":655},[47,46825,44680],{"class":919},[47,46827,666],{"class":83},[47,46829,46830],{"class":655}," with",[47,46832,46833],{"class":53}," base ",[47,46835,1719],{"class":586},[47,46837,1032],{"class":83},[47,46839,2688],{"class":61},[47,46841,39546],{"class":65},[47,46843,29104],{"class":61},[47,46845,46846,46848,46850,46852,46854,46856,46858,46860,46862,46864,46866,46868,46870,46872,46874],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,46847,2693],{"class":61},[47,46849,46697],{"class":65},[47,46851,2693],{"class":61},[47,46853,46818],{"class":36771},[47,46855,46821],{"class":53},[47,46857,5359],{"class":655},[47,46859,44680],{"class":919},[47,46861,666],{"class":83},[47,46863,46830],{"class":655},[47,46865,46833],{"class":53},[47,46867,1719],{"class":586},[47,46869,1032],{"class":83},[47,46871,2688],{"class":61},[47,46873,46697],{"class":65},[47,46875,29104],{"class":61},[47,46877,46878,46880,46882,46884,46886,46888,46890,46892,46894,46896,46898],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,46879,3169],{"class":61},[47,46881,46818],{"class":36771},[47,46883,46821],{"class":53},[47,46885,5359],{"class":655},[47,46887,44680],{"class":919},[47,46889,666],{"class":83},[47,46891,46830],{"class":655},[47,46893,46833],{"class":53},[47,46895,1719],{"class":586},[47,46897,1032],{"class":83},[47,46899,46900],{"class":61}," ''\n",[47,46902,46903,46905,46907,46909,46911,46913,46915,46917,46919,46921,46923,46925,46927,46929,46931],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,46904,2693],{"class":61},[47,46906,46710],{"class":65},[47,46908,2693],{"class":61},[47,46910,46818],{"class":36771},[47,46912,46821],{"class":53},[47,46914,5359],{"class":655},[47,46916,44680],{"class":919},[47,46918,666],{"class":83},[47,46920,46830],{"class":655},[47,46922,46833],{"class":53},[47,46924,1719],{"class":586},[47,46926,1032],{"class":83},[47,46928,2688],{"class":61},[47,46930,46710],{"class":65},[47,46932,29104],{"class":61},[20,46934,46935,46936,46938,46939,84],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[154,46937,8378],{"href":8377}," and the ",[154,46940,46941,1691],{"href":7617},[15,46942,2346],{},[33,46944,7816,46946,46948],{"id":46945},"using-int-with-floats",[15,46947,2266],{}," with floats",[20,46950,46951,46952,46954],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,46953,2266],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,46956,46957,46958,13455,46960,46962],{},"Important: ",[15,46959,2266],{},[121,46961,123],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[38,46964,46966],{"className":40,"code":46965,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,46967,46968,46982,46997,47013],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46969,46970,46972,46974,46976,46978,46980],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46971,98],{"class":97},[47,46973,101],{"class":83},[47,46975,890],{"class":919},[47,46977,101],{"class":83},[47,46979,41387],{"class":586},[47,46981,1419],{"class":83},[47,46983,46984,46986,46988,46990,46992,46995],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,46985,98],{"class":97},[47,46987,101],{"class":83},[47,46989,890],{"class":919},[47,46991,101],{"class":83},[47,46993,46994],{"class":586},"3.1",[47,46996,1419],{"class":83},[47,46998,46999,47001,47003,47005,47007,47009,47011],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,47000,98],{"class":97},[47,47002,101],{"class":83},[47,47004,890],{"class":919},[47,47006,101],{"class":83},[47,47008,1413],{"class":57},[47,47010,41387],{"class":586},[47,47012,1419],{"class":83},[47,47014,47015,47017,47019,47021,47023,47025,47027],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,47016,98],{"class":97},[47,47018,101],{"class":83},[47,47020,890],{"class":919},[47,47022,101],{"class":83},[47,47024,1413],{"class":57},[47,47026,46994],{"class":586},[47,47028,1419],{"class":83},[20,47030,338],{},[38,47032,47034],{"className":40,"code":47033,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47035,47036,47040,47044,47050],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47037,47038],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47039,46021],{"class":586},[47,47041,47042],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47043,46021],{"class":586},[47,47045,47046,47048],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,47047,1413],{"class":57},[47,47049,46021],{"class":586},[47,47051,47052,47054],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,47053,1413],{"class":57},[47,47055,46021],{"class":586},[20,47057,47058],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[133,47060,47061,47068],{},[136,47062,47063,41558,47066],{},[15,47064,47065],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47067,1455],{},[136,47069,47070,41558,47073],{},[15,47071,47072],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47074,47075],{},"-3",[20,47077,47078,47079,47083,47084,84],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[154,47080,47081],{"href":2269},[15,47082,2272],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[154,47085,47086],{"href":41578},[15,47087,47088],{},"str()",[33,47090,7816,47092,47094],{"id":47091},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47093,2266],{}," with booleans",[20,47096,47097],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[38,47099,47101],{"className":40,"code":47100,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47102,47103,47117],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47104,47105,47107,47109,47111,47113,47115],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47106,98],{"class":97},[47,47108,101],{"class":83},[47,47110,890],{"class":919},[47,47112,101],{"class":83},[47,47114,2997],{"class":1271},[47,47116,1419],{"class":83},[47,47118,47119,47121,47123,47125,47127,47129],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47120,98],{"class":97},[47,47122,101],{"class":83},[47,47124,890],{"class":919},[47,47126,101],{"class":83},[47,47128,3070],{"class":1271},[47,47130,1419],{"class":83},[20,47132,338],{},[38,47134,47136],{"className":40,"code":47135,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1\n0\n",[15,47137,47138,47142],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47139,47140],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47141,46321],{"class":586},[47,47143,47144],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47145,46656],{"class":586},[20,47147,47148],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[38,47150,47152],{"className":40,"code":47151,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47153,47154,47163,47178,47182],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47155,47156,47159,47161],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47157,47158],{"class":53},"passed ",[47,47160,58],{"class":57},[47,47162,5822],{"class":1271},[47,47164,47165,47167,47169,47171,47173,47176],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47166,40586],{"class":53},[47,47168,58],{"class":57},[47,47170,44680],{"class":919},[47,47172,101],{"class":83},[47,47174,47175],{"class":87},"passed",[47,47177,107],{"class":83},[47,47179,47180],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,47181,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,47183,47184,47186,47188,47190],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,47185,98],{"class":97},[47,47187,101],{"class":83},[47,47189,40615],{"class":87},[47,47191,107],{"class":83},[20,47193,338],{},[38,47195,47196],{"className":40,"code":46321,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,47197,47198],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47199,47200],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47201,46321],{"class":586},[20,47203,47204,47205,84],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[154,47206,47207,1691],{"href":5181},[15,47208,3209],{},[33,47210,47212],{"id":47211},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47214,47215,47216,47219],{},"Use the ",[15,47217,47218],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[724,47221,47223],{"id":47222},"binary-example","Binary example",[38,47225,47227],{"className":40,"code":47226,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47228,47229],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47230,47231,47233,47235,47237,47239,47241,47243,47245,47247,47249],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47232,98],{"class":97},[47,47234,101],{"class":83},[47,47236,890],{"class":919},[47,47238,101],{"class":83},[47,47240,253],{"class":61},[47,47242,45996],{"class":65},[47,47244,253],{"class":61},[47,47246,590],{"class":83},[47,47248,2382],{"class":586},[47,47250,1419],{"class":83},[20,47252,338],{},[38,47254,47255],{"className":40,"code":2335,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,47256,47257],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47258,47259],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47260,2335],{"class":586},[20,47262,47263,47266],{},[15,47264,47265],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[133,47268,47269,47274,47279],{},[136,47270,47271],{},[15,47272,47273],{},"1 × 4",[136,47275,47276],{},[15,47277,47278],{},"0 × 2",[136,47280,47281],{},[15,47282,47283],{},"1 × 1",[20,47285,47286,47287,84],{},"So the result is ",[15,47288,1531],{},[724,47290,47292],{"id":47291},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[38,47294,47296],{"className":40,"code":47295,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47297,47298],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47299,47300,47302,47304,47306,47308,47310,47312,47314,47316,47318],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47301,98],{"class":97},[47,47303,101],{"class":83},[47,47305,890],{"class":919},[47,47307,101],{"class":83},[47,47309,253],{"class":61},[47,47311,46421],{"class":65},[47,47313,253],{"class":61},[47,47315,590],{"class":83},[47,47317,13389],{"class":586},[47,47319,1419],{"class":83},[20,47321,338],{},[38,47323,47324],{"className":40,"code":46450,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,47325,47326],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47327,47328],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47329,46450],{"class":586},[724,47331,47333],{"id":47332},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,47335,1371,47336,47338],{},[15,47337,47218],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,47340,47341],{},"Good:",[38,47343,47344],{"className":40,"code":47226,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,47345,47346],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47347,47348,47350,47352,47354,47356,47358,47360,47362,47364,47366],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47349,98],{"class":97},[47,47351,101],{"class":83},[47,47353,890],{"class":919},[47,47355,101],{"class":83},[47,47357,253],{"class":61},[47,47359,45996],{"class":65},[47,47361,253],{"class":61},[47,47363,590],{"class":83},[47,47365,2382],{"class":586},[47,47367,1419],{"class":83},[20,47369,47370],{},"Not correct:",[38,47372,47374],{"className":40,"code":47373,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,47375,47376],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47377,47378],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47379,47373],{"class":113},[20,47381,47382,47383,8001,47385,47387],{},"That causes a ",[15,47384,2395],{},[15,47386,47218],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[33,47389,47391],{"id":47390},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,47393,47394,47395,47397,47398,1063,47400,84],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,47396,2266],{}," are ",[15,47399,40107],{},[15,47401,2395],{},[724,47403,47404],{"id":40917},[15,47405,40107],{},[20,47407,47408],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,47410,538],{},[38,47412,47414],{"className":40,"code":47413,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47415,47416,47422,47440,47452],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47417,47418,47420],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47419,29208],{"class":655},[47,47421,679],{"class":83},[47,47423,47424,47426,47428,47430,47432,47434,47436,47438],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47425,684],{"class":97},[47,47427,101],{"class":83},[47,47429,890],{"class":919},[47,47431,101],{"class":83},[47,47433,253],{"class":61},[47,47435,39546],{"class":65},[47,47437,253],{"class":61},[47,47439,1419],{"class":83},[47,47441,47442,47444,47446,47448,47450],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,47443,29239],{"class":655},[47,47445,41329],{"class":919},[47,47447,46762],{"class":655},[47,47449,46765],{"class":53},[47,47451,679],{"class":83},[47,47453,47454,47456,47458,47460],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,47455,684],{"class":97},[47,47457,101],{"class":83},[47,47459,46794],{"class":87},[47,47461,107],{"class":83},[20,47463,338],{},[38,47465,47467],{"className":40,"code":47466,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,47468,47469],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47470,47471,47474,47476,47478,47480,47482,47484,47486,47488,47490,47492],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47472,47473],{"class":53},"invalid literal ",[47,47475,5359],{"class":655},[47,47477,44680],{"class":919},[47,47479,666],{"class":83},[47,47481,46830],{"class":655},[47,47483,46833],{"class":53},[47,47485,1719],{"class":586},[47,47487,1032],{"class":83},[47,47489,2688],{"class":61},[47,47491,39546],{"class":65},[47,47493,29104],{"class":61},[20,47495,47496,47497,47500,47501,47503],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,47498,47499],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,47502,2266],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[38,47505,47507],{"className":40,"code":47506,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,47508,47509],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47510,47511,47513,47515,47517,47519,47521,47523,47525,47527,47529],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47512,98],{"class":97},[47,47514,101],{"class":83},[47,47516,890],{"class":919},[47,47518,101],{"class":83},[47,47520,1584],{"class":919},[47,47522,101],{"class":83},[47,47524,253],{"class":61},[47,47526,39546],{"class":65},[47,47528,253],{"class":61},[47,47530,2300],{"class":83},[20,47532,338],{},[38,47534,47535],{"className":40,"code":46021,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,47536,47537],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47538,47539],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47540,46021],{"class":586},[20,47542,47543,47544,1063,47547,84],{},"If you see this often, read ",[154,47545,47546],{"href":2350},"how to convert string to int in Python",[154,47548,25083,47549],{"href":45320},[15,47550,45321],{},[724,47552,47553],{"id":40983},[15,47554,2395],{},[20,47556,47557],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,47559,538],{},[38,47561,47563],{"className":40,"code":47562,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47564,47565,47571,47585,47598],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47566,47567,47569],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47568,29208],{"class":655},[47,47570,679],{"class":83},[47,47572,47573,47575,47577,47579,47581,47583],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47574,684],{"class":97},[47,47576,101],{"class":83},[47,47578,890],{"class":919},[47,47580,101],{"class":83},[47,47582,3174],{"class":1271},[47,47584,1419],{"class":83},[47,47586,47587,47589,47592,47594,47596],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,47588,29239],{"class":655},[47,47590,47591],{"class":919}," TypeError",[47,47593,46762],{"class":655},[47,47595,46765],{"class":53},[47,47597,679],{"class":83},[47,47599,47600,47602,47604,47606],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,47601,684],{"class":97},[47,47603,101],{"class":83},[47,47605,46794],{"class":87},[47,47607,107],{"class":83},[20,47609,338],{},[38,47611,47613],{"className":40,"code":47612,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,47614,47615],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47616,47617,47619,47621,47624,47626,47628,47631,47633,47636,47638,47641,47643,47645,47647,47649,47652],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47618,890],{"class":919},[47,47620,666],{"class":83},[47,47622,47623],{"class":53}," argument must be a string",[47,47625,590],{"class":83},[47,47627,43948],{"class":53},[47,47629,47630],{"class":919},"bytes",[47,47632,1413],{"class":57},[47,47634,47635],{"class":53},"like ",[47,47637,41802],{"class":919},[47,47639,47640],{"class":57}," or",[47,47642,40243],{"class":53},[47,47644,590],{"class":83},[47,47646,7498],{"class":57},[47,47648,2688],{"class":61},[47,47650,47651],{"class":65},"NoneType",[47,47653,29104],{"class":61},[20,47655,47656,47657,47659],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,47658,47218],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[38,47661,47663],{"className":40,"code":47662,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47664,47665,47671,47689,47701],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47666,47667,47669],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47668,29208],{"class":655},[47,47670,679],{"class":83},[47,47672,47673,47675,47677,47679,47681,47683,47685,47687],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47674,684],{"class":97},[47,47676,101],{"class":83},[47,47678,890],{"class":919},[47,47680,101],{"class":83},[47,47682,45996],{"class":586},[47,47684,590],{"class":83},[47,47686,2382],{"class":586},[47,47688,1419],{"class":83},[47,47690,47691,47693,47695,47697,47699],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,47692,29239],{"class":655},[47,47694,47591],{"class":919},[47,47696,46762],{"class":655},[47,47698,46765],{"class":53},[47,47700,679],{"class":83},[47,47702,47703,47705,47707,47709],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,47704,684],{"class":97},[47,47706,101],{"class":83},[47,47708,46794],{"class":87},[47,47710,107],{"class":83},[20,47712,338],{},[38,47714,47716],{"className":40,"code":47715,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,47717,47718],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47719,47720,47722,47724,47727,47729],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47721,890],{"class":919},[47,47723,666],{"class":83},[47,47725,47726],{"class":53}," can",[47,47728,2693],{"class":61},[47,47730,47731],{"class":65},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[33,47733,603,47735],{"id":47734},"when-to-use-int",[15,47736,2266],{},[20,47738,1486,47739,47741],{},[15,47740,2266],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,47743,613],{},[133,47745,47746,47752,47755,47758],{},[136,47747,47748,47749,47751],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,47750,2346],{}," into integers",[136,47753,47754],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[136,47756,47757],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[136,47759,47760,47761,36020],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,47762,47218],{},[20,47764,47765],{},"Example with user input:",[38,47767,47769],{"className":40,"code":47768,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,47770,47771,47785,47800,47804],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47772,47773,47776,47778,47780,47783],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47774,47775],{"class":53},"age_text ",[47,47777,58],{"class":57},[47,47779,62],{"class":61},[47,47781,47782],{"class":65},"18",[47,47784,69],{"class":61},[47,47786,47787,47789,47791,47793,47795,47798],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47788,21030],{"class":53},[47,47790,58],{"class":57},[47,47792,44680],{"class":919},[47,47794,101],{"class":83},[47,47796,47797],{"class":87},"age_text",[47,47799,107],{"class":83},[47,47801,47802],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,47803,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,47805,47806,47808,47810,47812,47814,47816],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,47807,98],{"class":97},[47,47809,101],{"class":83},[47,47811,21030],{"class":87},[47,47813,1452],{"class":57},[47,47815,4898],{"class":586},[47,47817,107],{"class":83},[20,47819,338],{},[38,47821,47823],{"className":40,"code":47822,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"19\n",[15,47824,47825],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47826,47827],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47828,47822],{"class":586},[33,47830,722],{"id":721},[20,47832,14135,47833,84],{},[15,47834,2266],{},[724,47836,47838],{"id":47837},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,47840,47841],{},"This fails:",[38,47843,47845],{"className":40,"code":47844,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,47846,47847],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47848,47849],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47850,47844],{"class":113},[20,47852,47853,47854,47857],{},"Why: ",[15,47855,47856],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,47859,18243],{},[38,47861,47863],{"className":40,"code":47862,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,47864,47865],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47866,47867,47869,47871,47873,47875,47877,47879,47881,47883,47885],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47868,98],{"class":97},[47,47870,101],{"class":83},[47,47872,890],{"class":919},[47,47874,101],{"class":83},[47,47876,1584],{"class":919},[47,47878,101],{"class":83},[47,47880,253],{"class":61},[47,47882,40527],{"class":65},[47,47884,253],{"class":61},[47,47886,2300],{"class":83},[724,47888,47890],{"id":47889},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,47892,47841],{},[38,47894,47896],{"className":40,"code":47895,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,47897,47898],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47899,47900],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47901,47895],{"class":113},[20,47903,47904],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[724,47906,47908,47909],{"id":47907},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,47910,47911],{},"int(None)",[20,47913,47914,47915,47917],{},"This fails because ",[15,47916,3174],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[38,47919,47921],{"className":40,"code":47920,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47922,47923,47932,47936,47942,47956,47968],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47924,47925,47927,47929],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47926,1836],{"class":53},[47,47928,58],{"class":57},[47,47930,47931],{"class":1271}," None\n",[47,47933,47934],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47935,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,47937,47938,47940],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,47939,29208],{"class":655},[47,47941,679],{"class":83},[47,47943,47944,47946,47948,47950,47952,47954],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,47945,684],{"class":97},[47,47947,101],{"class":83},[47,47949,890],{"class":919},[47,47951,101],{"class":83},[47,47953,1863],{"class":87},[47,47955,1419],{"class":83},[47,47957,47958,47960,47962,47964,47966],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,47959,29239],{"class":655},[47,47961,47591],{"class":919},[47,47963,46762],{"class":655},[47,47965,46765],{"class":53},[47,47967,679],{"class":83},[47,47969,47970,47972,47974,47976],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,47971,684],{"class":97},[47,47973,101],{"class":83},[47,47975,46794],{"class":87},[47,47977,107],{"class":83},[724,47979,47981],{"id":47980},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,47983,47841],{},[38,47985,47986],{"className":40,"code":47373,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,47987,47988],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47989,47990],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47991,47373],{"class":113},[20,47993,47994],{},"Use a string instead:",[38,47996,47997],{"className":40,"code":47226,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,47998,47999],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48000,48001,48003,48005,48007,48009,48011,48013,48015,48017,48019],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48002,98],{"class":97},[47,48004,101],{"class":83},[47,48006,890],{"class":919},[47,48008,101],{"class":83},[47,48010,253],{"class":61},[47,48012,45996],{"class":65},[47,48014,253],{"class":61},[47,48016,590],{"class":83},[47,48018,2382],{"class":586},[47,48020,1419],{"class":83},[724,48022,7852,48024,48026],{"id":48023},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48025,2266],{}," to round",[20,48028,48029],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[38,48031,48033],{"className":40,"code":48032,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48034,48035],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48036,48037,48039,48041,48043,48045,48048],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48038,98],{"class":97},[47,48040,101],{"class":83},[47,48042,890],{"class":919},[47,48044,101],{"class":83},[47,48046,48047],{"class":586},"4.9",[47,48049,1419],{"class":83},[20,48051,338],{},[38,48053,48055],{"className":40,"code":48054,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"4\n",[15,48056,48057],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48058,48059],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48060,48054],{"class":586},[20,48062,2560,48063,48065,48066,48068],{},[15,48064,1531],{},", remember that ",[15,48067,2266],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[33,48070,1155],{"id":1154},[724,48072,1159,48074,48076],{"id":48073},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48075,2266],{}," round numbers?",[20,48078,45769,48079,48081],{},[15,48080,2266],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[724,48083,4556,48085,48088],{"id":48084},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48086,48087],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48090,28465,48091,48093,48094,48096,48097,39332],{},[15,48092,47499],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48095,2272],{}," first, then use ",[15,48098,2266],{},[724,48100,4540,48102,12115],{"id":48101},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48103,48104],{},"int(True)",[20,48106,4546,48107,27718,48109,41558,48111,84],{},[15,48108,2377],{},[15,48110,3070],{},[15,48112,1514],{},[724,48114,48116],{"id":48115},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48118,48119],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[33,48121,1275],{"id":1274},[133,48123,48124,48130,48136,48142,48147,48151,48157],{},[136,48125,48126],{},[154,48127,48128,2901],{"href":2269},[15,48129,2272],{},[136,48131,48132],{},[154,48133,48134,2901],{"href":41578},[15,48135,47088],{},[136,48137,48138],{},[154,48139,48140,2901],{"href":5181},[15,48141,3209],{},[136,48143,48144],{},[154,48145,48146],{"href":2350},"How to convert string to int in Python",[136,48148,48149],{},[154,48150,8455],{"href":8377},[136,48152,48153],{},[154,48154,48155,2901],{"href":7617},[15,48156,2346],{},[136,48158,48159],{},[154,48160,29752,48161],{"href":45320},[15,48162,45321],{},[1320,48164,48165],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":48167},[48168,48169,48171,48175,48180,48182,48184,48189,48193,48195,48204,48213],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":46033,"depth":72,"text":48170},"What int() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166,"children":48172},[48173,48174],{"id":46224,"depth":94,"text":46227},{"id":46324,"depth":94,"text":46327},{"id":46460,"depth":72,"text":48176,"children":48177},"Using int() with strings",[48178,48179],{"id":46582,"depth":94,"text":46583},{"id":46670,"depth":94,"text":46671},{"id":46945,"depth":72,"text":48181},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47091,"depth":72,"text":48183},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47211,"depth":72,"text":47212,"children":48185},[48186,48187,48188],{"id":47222,"depth":94,"text":47223},{"id":47291,"depth":94,"text":47292},{"id":47332,"depth":94,"text":47333},{"id":47390,"depth":72,"text":47391,"children":48190},[48191,48192],{"id":40917,"depth":94,"text":40107},{"id":40983,"depth":94,"text":2395},{"id":47734,"depth":72,"text":48194},"When to use int()",{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722,"children":48196},[48197,48198,48199,48201,48202],{"id":47837,"depth":94,"text":47838},{"id":47889,"depth":94,"text":47890},{"id":47907,"depth":94,"text":48200},"Trying int(None)",{"id":47980,"depth":94,"text":47981},{"id":48023,"depth":94,"text":48203},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":48205},[48206,48208,48210,48212],{"id":48073,"depth":94,"text":48207},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48084,"depth":94,"text":48209},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48101,"depth":94,"text":48211},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48115,"depth":94,"text":48116},{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":41499,"description":48214},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48221,"title":48222,"body":48223,"description":50059,"extension":1354,"meta":50060,"navigation":311,"path":44206,"seo":50061,"stem":50062,"__hash__":50063},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48224,"toc":50015},[48225,48230,48235,48243,48252,48254,48313,48319,48324,48329,48332,48360,48363,48366,48377,48387,48389,48391,48411,48415,48443,48445,48484,48486,48494,48496,48499,48503,48556,48558,48570,48574,48631,48633,48645,48651,48657,48661,48664,48667,48733,48735,48747,48753,48755,48807,48810,48851,48854,48861,48870,48876,48879,48912,48918,48921,48952,48958,48961,48973,48977,48982,48986,49144,49146,49161,49164,49168,49272,49274,49291,49295,49356,49358,49366,49369,49373,49440,49442,49451,49457,49459,49468,49470,49505,49510,49512,49542,49546,49548,49585,49588,49590,49627,49633,49635,49685,49687,49695,49705,49711,49715,49720,49769,49771,49784,49787,49789,49792,49867,49870,49889,49892,49922,49932,49934,49939,49946,49952,49958,49965,49973,49979,49982,49984,50012],[10,48226,2968,48228,2972],{"id":48227},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48229,44209],{},[20,48231,48232,48234],{},[15,48233,44209],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48236,48237,48238,158,48240,48242],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48239,2997],{},[15,48241,3070],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48244,48245,48246,48248,48249,48251],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48247,44209],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48250,1690],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[33,48253,3002],{"id":3001},[38,48255,48257],{"className":40,"code":48256,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48258,48259,48267,48271,48292],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48260,48261,48263,48265],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48262,1836],{"class":53},[47,48264,58],{"class":57},[47,48266,1976],{"class":586},[47,48268,48269],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,48270,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,48272,48273,48275,48277,48280,48282,48284,48286,48288,48290],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,48274,98],{"class":97},[47,48276,101],{"class":83},[47,48278,48279],{"class":97},"isinstance",[47,48281,101],{"class":83},[47,48283,1863],{"class":87},[47,48285,590],{"class":83},[47,48287,44680],{"class":919},[47,48289,4761],{"class":83},[47,48291,43258],{"class":113},[47,48293,48294,48296,48298,48300,48302,48304,48306,48309,48311],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,48295,98],{"class":97},[47,48297,101],{"class":83},[47,48299,48279],{"class":97},[47,48301,101],{"class":83},[47,48303,1863],{"class":87},[47,48305,590],{"class":83},[47,48307,48308],{"class":919}," str",[47,48310,4761],{"class":83},[47,48312,43275],{"class":113},[20,48314,1486,48315,48318],{},[15,48316,48317],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[33,48320,128,48322,131],{"id":48321},"what-isinstance-does",[15,48323,44209],{},[20,48325,48326,48328],{},[15,48327,44209],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,48330,48331],{},"It:",[133,48333,48334,48337,48343,48346],{},[136,48335,48336],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[136,48338,10824,48339,158,48341],{},[15,48340,2997],{},[15,48342,3070],{},[136,48344,48345],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[136,48347,48348,48349,712,48351,712,48353,712,48355,16474,48358],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,48350,920],{},[15,48352,890],{},[15,48354,7492],{},[15,48356,48357],{},"tuple",[15,48359,8218],{},[20,48361,48362],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,48364,48365],{},"For example, you might want to:",[133,48367,48368,48371,48374],{},[136,48369,48370],{},"loop through a list",[136,48372,48373],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[136,48375,48376],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,48378,48379,48380,158,48383,84],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[154,48381,44201],{"href":48382},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[154,48384,48386],{"href":48385},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[33,48388,166],{"id":165},[20,48390,169],{},[38,48392,48394],{"className":40,"code":48393,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,48395,48396],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48397,48398,48400,48402,48404,48406,48409],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48399,48279],{"class":97},[47,48401,101],{"class":83},[47,48403,41802],{"class":919},[47,48405,590],{"class":83},[47,48407,48408],{"class":87}," classinfo",[47,48410,107],{"class":83},[724,48412,48414],{"id":48413},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[133,48416,48417,48422,48436],{},[136,48418,48419,48421],{},[15,48420,41802],{}," is the value you want to test",[136,48423,48424,48427,48428,712,48430,712,48432,716,48434],{},[15,48425,48426],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,48429,890],{},[15,48431,920],{},[15,48433,7492],{},[15,48435,8218],{},[136,48437,48438,48439,158,48441],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,48440,2997],{},[15,48442,3070],{},[20,48444,538],{},[38,48446,48448],{"className":40,"code":48447,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,48449,48450,48462,48466],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48451,48452,48454,48456,48458,48460],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48453,212],{"class":53},[47,48455,58],{"class":57},[47,48457,62],{"class":61},[47,48459,10907],{"class":65},[47,48461,69],{"class":61},[47,48463,48464],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,48465,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,48467,48468,48470,48472,48474,48476,48478,48480,48482],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,48469,98],{"class":97},[47,48471,101],{"class":83},[47,48473,48279],{"class":97},[47,48475,101],{"class":83},[47,48477,229],{"class":87},[47,48479,590],{"class":83},[47,48481,48308],{"class":919},[47,48483,1419],{"class":83},[20,48485,338],{},[38,48487,48488],{"className":40,"code":1264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,48489,48490],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48491,48492],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48493,1264],{"class":1271},[33,48495,268],{"id":267},[20,48497,48498],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[724,48500,48502],{"id":48501},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[38,48504,48506],{"className":40,"code":48505,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,48507,48508,48516,48520,48538],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48509,48510,48512,48514],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48511,1836],{"class":53},[47,48513,58],{"class":57},[47,48515,44629],{"class":586},[47,48517,48518],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,48519,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,48521,48522,48524,48526,48528,48530,48532,48534,48536],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,48523,98],{"class":97},[47,48525,101],{"class":83},[47,48527,48279],{"class":97},[47,48529,101],{"class":83},[47,48531,1863],{"class":87},[47,48533,590],{"class":83},[47,48535,44680],{"class":919},[47,48537,1419],{"class":83},[47,48539,48540,48542,48544,48546,48548,48550,48552,48554],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,48541,98],{"class":97},[47,48543,101],{"class":83},[47,48545,48279],{"class":97},[47,48547,101],{"class":83},[47,48549,1863],{"class":87},[47,48551,590],{"class":83},[47,48553,48308],{"class":919},[47,48555,1419],{"class":83},[20,48557,338],{},[38,48559,48560],{"className":40,"code":43577,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,48561,48562,48566],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48563,48564],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48565,1264],{"class":1271},[47,48567,48568],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,48569,3436],{"class":1271},[724,48571,48573],{"id":48572},"check-text","Check text",[38,48575,48577],{"className":40,"code":48576,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,48578,48579,48591,48595,48613],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48580,48581,48583,48585,48587,48589],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48582,54],{"class":53},[47,48584,58],{"class":57},[47,48586,62],{"class":61},[47,48588,256],{"class":65},[47,48590,69],{"class":61},[47,48592,48593],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,48594,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,48596,48597,48599,48601,48603,48605,48607,48609,48611],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,48598,98],{"class":97},[47,48600,101],{"class":83},[47,48602,48279],{"class":97},[47,48604,101],{"class":83},[47,48606,565],{"class":87},[47,48608,590],{"class":83},[47,48610,48308],{"class":919},[47,48612,1419],{"class":83},[47,48614,48615,48617,48619,48621,48623,48625,48627,48629],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,48616,98],{"class":97},[47,48618,101],{"class":83},[47,48620,48279],{"class":97},[47,48622,101],{"class":83},[47,48624,565],{"class":87},[47,48626,590],{"class":83},[47,48628,44680],{"class":919},[47,48630,1419],{"class":83},[20,48632,338],{},[38,48634,48635],{"className":40,"code":43577,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,48636,48637,48641],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48638,48639],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48640,1264],{"class":1271},[47,48642,48643],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,48644,3436],{"class":1271},[20,48646,48647,48648,48650],{},"In both examples, ",[15,48649,44209],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,48652,48653,48654,84],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[154,48655,48656],{"href":2350},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[33,48658,48660],{"id":48659},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,48662,48663],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,48665,48666],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[38,48668,48670],{"className":40,"code":48669,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,48671,48672,48681,48685,48709],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48673,48674,48676,48678],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48675,1836],{"class":53},[47,48677,58],{"class":57},[47,48679,48680],{"class":586}," 3.5\n",[47,48682,48683],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,48684,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,48686,48687,48689,48691,48693,48695,48697,48699,48701,48703,48705,48707],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,48688,98],{"class":97},[47,48690,101],{"class":83},[47,48692,48279],{"class":97},[47,48694,101],{"class":83},[47,48696,1863],{"class":87},[47,48698,590],{"class":83},[47,48700,8634],{"class":83},[47,48702,890],{"class":919},[47,48704,590],{"class":83},[47,48706,39658],{"class":919},[47,48708,2300],{"class":83},[47,48710,48711,48713,48715,48717,48719,48721,48723,48725,48727,48729,48731],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,48712,98],{"class":97},[47,48714,101],{"class":83},[47,48716,48279],{"class":97},[47,48718,101],{"class":83},[47,48720,1863],{"class":87},[47,48722,590],{"class":83},[47,48724,8634],{"class":83},[47,48726,920],{"class":919},[47,48728,590],{"class":83},[47,48730,21962],{"class":919},[47,48732,2300],{"class":83},[20,48734,338],{},[38,48736,48737],{"className":40,"code":43577,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,48738,48739,48743],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48740,48741],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48742,1264],{"class":1271},[47,48744,48745],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,48746,3436],{"class":1271},[20,48748,48749,48750,48752],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,48751,40240],{}," conditions.",[20,48754,7696],{},[38,48756,48758],{"className":40,"code":48757,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,48759,48760,48768,48772],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48761,48762,48764,48766],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48763,1836],{"class":53},[47,48765,58],{"class":57},[47,48767,48680],{"class":586},[47,48769,48770],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,48771,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,48773,48774,48776,48778,48780,48782,48784,48786,48788,48790,48792,48795,48797,48799,48801,48803,48805],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,48775,98],{"class":97},[47,48777,101],{"class":83},[47,48779,2613],{"class":919},[47,48781,101],{"class":83},[47,48783,1863],{"class":87},[47,48785,3057],{"class":83},[47,48787,669],{"class":57},[47,48789,44680],{"class":919},[47,48791,47640],{"class":655},[47,48793,48794],{"class":919}," type",[47,48796,101],{"class":83},[47,48798,1863],{"class":87},[47,48800,3057],{"class":83},[47,48802,669],{"class":57},[47,48804,39658],{"class":919},[47,48806,107],{"class":83},[20,48808,48809],{},"you can write this:",[38,48811,48813],{"className":40,"code":48812,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,48814,48815,48823,48827],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48816,48817,48819,48821],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48818,1836],{"class":53},[47,48820,58],{"class":57},[47,48822,48680],{"class":586},[47,48824,48825],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,48826,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,48828,48829,48831,48833,48835,48837,48839,48841,48843,48845,48847,48849],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,48830,98],{"class":97},[47,48832,101],{"class":83},[47,48834,48279],{"class":97},[47,48836,101],{"class":83},[47,48838,1863],{"class":87},[47,48840,590],{"class":83},[47,48842,8634],{"class":83},[47,48844,890],{"class":919},[47,48846,590],{"class":83},[47,48848,39658],{"class":919},[47,48850,2300],{"class":83},[20,48852,48853],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[33,48855,48857,9985,48859],{"id":48856},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,48858,44209],{},[15,48860,1690],{},[20,48862,9990,48863,1063,48865,48869],{},[15,48864,44209],{},[154,48866,48867],{"href":1687},[15,48868,1690],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[724,48871,48873],{"id":48872},"typevalue-int",[15,48874,48875],{},"type(value) == int",[20,48877,48878],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[38,48880,48882],{"className":40,"code":48881,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,48883,48884,48892],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48885,48886,48888,48890],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48887,1836],{"class":53},[47,48889,58],{"class":57},[47,48891,1976],{"class":586},[47,48893,48894,48896,48898,48900,48902,48904,48906,48908,48910],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,48895,98],{"class":97},[47,48897,101],{"class":83},[47,48899,2613],{"class":919},[47,48901,101],{"class":83},[47,48903,1863],{"class":87},[47,48905,3057],{"class":83},[47,48907,669],{"class":57},[47,48909,44680],{"class":919},[47,48911,107],{"class":83},[724,48913,48915],{"id":48914},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,48916,48917],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,48919,48920],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[38,48922,48924],{"className":40,"code":48923,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,48925,48926,48934],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48927,48928,48930,48932],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48929,1836],{"class":53},[47,48931,58],{"class":57},[47,48933,1976],{"class":586},[47,48935,48936,48938,48940,48942,48944,48946,48948,48950],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,48937,98],{"class":97},[47,48939,101],{"class":83},[47,48941,48279],{"class":97},[47,48943,101],{"class":83},[47,48945,1863],{"class":87},[47,48947,590],{"class":83},[47,48949,44680],{"class":919},[47,48951,1419],{"class":83},[20,48953,48954,48955,48957],{},"For beginners, ",[15,48956,44209],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,48959,48960],{},"In everyday code:",[133,48962,48963,48968],{},[136,48964,39393,48965,48967],{},[15,48966,1690],{}," when you need the exact type",[136,48969,39393,48970,48972],{},[15,48971,44209],{}," when you want a practical type check",[33,48974,48976],{"id":48975},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,48978,48979,48980,84],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,48981,44209],{},[724,48983,48985],{"id":48984},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[38,48987,48989],{"className":40,"code":48988,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,48990,48991,49009,49028,49040,49045,49063,49074,49078,49090,49094,49118],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48992,48993,48995,48998,49000,49002,49004,49007],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48994,34254],{"class":1458},[47,48996,48997],{"class":34257}," repeat_text",[47,48999,101],{"class":83},[47,49001,565],{"class":37067},[47,49003,590],{"class":83},[47,49005,49006],{"class":37067}," count",[47,49008,7740],{"class":83},[47,49010,49011,49013,49015,49018,49020,49022,49024,49026],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49012,5798],{"class":655},[47,49014,7498],{"class":57},[47,49016,49017],{"class":97}," isinstance",[47,49019,101],{"class":83},[47,49021,565],{"class":87},[47,49023,590],{"class":83},[47,49025,48308],{"class":919},[47,49027,7740],{"class":83},[47,49029,49030,49033,49035,49038],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,49031,49032],{"class":655},"        return",[47,49034,62],{"class":61},[47,49036,49037],{"class":65},"text must be a string",[47,49039,69],{"class":61},[47,49041,49042],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,49043,49044],{"class":53},"    \n",[47,49046,49047,49049,49051,49053,49055,49057,49059,49061],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,49048,5798],{"class":655},[47,49050,7498],{"class":57},[47,49052,49017],{"class":97},[47,49054,101],{"class":83},[47,49056,40663],{"class":87},[47,49058,590],{"class":83},[47,49060,44680],{"class":919},[47,49062,7740],{"class":83},[47,49064,49065,49067,49069,49072],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,49066,49032],{"class":655},[47,49068,62],{"class":61},[47,49070,49071],{"class":65},"count must be an integer",[47,49073,69],{"class":61},[47,49075,49076],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,49077,49044],{"class":53},[47,49079,49080,49082,49085,49087],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,49081,34265],{"class":655},[47,49083,49084],{"class":53}," text ",[47,49086,39275],{"class":57},[47,49088,49089],{"class":53}," count\n",[47,49091,49092],{"class":49,"line":5831},[47,49093,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,49095,49096,49098,49100,49103,49105,49107,49110,49112,49114,49116],{"class":49,"line":5836},[47,49097,98],{"class":97},[47,49099,101],{"class":83},[47,49101,49102],{"class":87},"repeat_text",[47,49104,101],{"class":83},[47,49106,253],{"class":61},[47,49108,49109],{"class":65},"Hi ",[47,49111,253],{"class":61},[47,49113,590],{"class":83},[47,49115,1841],{"class":586},[47,49117,1419],{"class":83},[47,49119,49120,49122,49124,49126,49128,49130,49132,49134,49136,49138,49140,49142],{"class":49,"line":10993},[47,49121,98],{"class":97},[47,49123,101],{"class":83},[47,49125,49102],{"class":87},[47,49127,101],{"class":83},[47,49129,253],{"class":61},[47,49131,49109],{"class":65},[47,49133,253],{"class":61},[47,49135,590],{"class":83},[47,49137,62],{"class":61},[47,49139,1455],{"class":65},[47,49141,253],{"class":61},[47,49143,1419],{"class":83},[20,49145,338],{},[38,49147,49149],{"className":40,"code":49148,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49150,49151,49156],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49152,49153],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49154,49155],{"class":53},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[47,49157,49158],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49159,49160],{"class":53},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49162,49163],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[724,49165,49167],{"id":49166},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[38,49169,49171],{"className":40,"code":49170,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49172,49173,49205,49209,49225,49240,49257],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49174,49175,49177,49179,49181,49183,49185,49187,49189,49191,49193,49195,49197,49199,49201,49203],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49176,1836],{"class":53},[47,49178,58],{"class":57},[47,49180,3017],{"class":83},[47,49182,253],{"class":61},[47,49184,154],{"class":65},[47,49186,253],{"class":61},[47,49188,590],{"class":83},[47,49190,62],{"class":61},[47,49192,4158],{"class":65},[47,49194,253],{"class":61},[47,49196,590],{"class":83},[47,49198,62],{"class":61},[47,49200,9138],{"class":65},[47,49202,253],{"class":61},[47,49204,3030],{"class":83},[47,49206,49207],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49208,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,49210,49211,49213,49215,49217,49219,49221,49223],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,49212,656],{"class":655},[47,49214,49017],{"class":97},[47,49216,101],{"class":83},[47,49218,1863],{"class":87},[47,49220,590],{"class":83},[47,49222,48308],{"class":919},[47,49224,7740],{"class":83},[47,49226,49227,49229,49231,49233,49236,49238],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,49228,684],{"class":97},[47,49230,101],{"class":83},[47,49232,253],{"class":61},[47,49234,49235],{"class":65},"This is text",[47,49237,253],{"class":61},[47,49239,107],{"class":83},[47,49241,49242,49245,49247,49249,49251,49253,49255],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,49243,49244],{"class":655},"elif",[47,49246,49017],{"class":97},[47,49248,101],{"class":83},[47,49250,1863],{"class":87},[47,49252,590],{"class":83},[47,49254,21962],{"class":919},[47,49256,7740],{"class":83},[47,49258,49259,49261,49263,49265,49268,49270],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,49260,684],{"class":97},[47,49262,101],{"class":83},[47,49264,253],{"class":61},[47,49266,49267],{"class":65},"This is a list",[47,49269,253],{"class":61},[47,49271,107],{"class":83},[20,49273,338],{},[38,49275,49277],{"className":40,"code":49276,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"This is a list\n",[15,49278,49279],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49280,49281,49284,49286,49288],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49282,49283],{"class":53},"This ",[47,49285,11593],{"class":57},[47,49287,43948],{"class":53},[47,49289,49290],{"class":919},"list\n",[724,49292,49294],{"id":49293},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[38,49296,49298],{"className":40,"code":49297,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49299,49300,49312,49316,49332,49346],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49301,49302,49304,49306,49308,49310],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49303,1836],{"class":53},[47,49305,58],{"class":57},[47,49307,62],{"class":61},[47,49309,45930],{"class":65},[47,49311,69],{"class":61},[47,49313,49314],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49315,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,49317,49318,49320,49322,49324,49326,49328,49330],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,49319,656],{"class":655},[47,49321,49017],{"class":97},[47,49323,101],{"class":83},[47,49325,1863],{"class":87},[47,49327,590],{"class":83},[47,49329,48308],{"class":919},[47,49331,7740],{"class":83},[47,49333,49334,49336,49338,49340,49342,49344],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,49335,41293],{"class":53},[47,49337,58],{"class":57},[47,49339,44680],{"class":919},[47,49341,101],{"class":83},[47,49343,1863],{"class":87},[47,49345,107],{"class":83},[47,49347,49348,49350,49352,49354],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,49349,684],{"class":97},[47,49351,101],{"class":83},[47,49353,878],{"class":87},[47,49355,107],{"class":83},[20,49357,338],{},[38,49359,49360],{"className":40,"code":46016,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,49361,49362],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49363,49364],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49365,46016],{"class":586},[20,49367,49368],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[724,49370,49372],{"id":49371},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[38,49374,49376],{"className":40,"code":49375,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,49377,49378,49402,49406,49422],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49379,49380,49382,49384,49386,49388,49390,49392,49394,49396,49398,49400],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49381,1836],{"class":53},[47,49383,58],{"class":57},[47,49385,9890],{"class":83},[47,49387,253],{"class":61},[47,49389,229],{"class":65},[47,49391,253],{"class":61},[47,49393,1032],{"class":83},[47,49395,62],{"class":61},[47,49397,12280],{"class":65},[47,49399,253],{"class":61},[47,49401,8707],{"class":83},[47,49403,49404],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49405,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,49407,49408,49410,49412,49414,49416,49418,49420],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,49409,656],{"class":655},[47,49411,49017],{"class":97},[47,49413,101],{"class":83},[47,49415,1863],{"class":87},[47,49417,590],{"class":83},[47,49419,8568],{"class":919},[47,49421,7740],{"class":83},[47,49423,49424,49426,49428,49430,49432,49434,49436,49438],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,49425,684],{"class":97},[47,49427,101],{"class":83},[47,49429,1863],{"class":87},[47,49431,3296],{"class":83},[47,49433,253],{"class":61},[47,49435,229],{"class":65},[47,49437,253],{"class":61},[47,49439,3284],{"class":83},[20,49441,338],{},[38,49443,49445],{"className":40,"code":49444,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana\n",[15,49446,49447],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49448,49449],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49450,49444],{"class":53},[20,49452,49453,49454,49456],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,49455,2395],{}," messages later.",[33,49458,3915],{"id":3914},[724,49460,49462,49463,10492,49466],{"id":49461},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,49464,49465],{},"\"int\"",[15,49467,890],{},[20,49469,737],{},[38,49471,49473],{"className":40,"code":49472,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,49474,49475,49483],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49476,49477,49479,49481],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49478,1836],{"class":53},[47,49480,58],{"class":57},[47,49482,1976],{"class":586},[47,49484,49485,49487,49489,49491,49493,49495,49497,49499,49501,49503],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49486,98],{"class":97},[47,49488,101],{"class":83},[47,49490,48279],{"class":97},[47,49492,101],{"class":83},[47,49494,1863],{"class":87},[47,49496,590],{"class":83},[47,49498,62],{"class":61},[47,49500,890],{"class":65},[47,49502,253],{"class":61},[47,49504,1419],{"class":83},[20,49506,49507,49509],{},[15,49508,49465],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,49511,788],{},[38,49513,49514],{"className":40,"code":48923,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,49515,49516,49524],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49517,49518,49520,49522],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49519,1836],{"class":53},[47,49521,58],{"class":57},[47,49523,1976],{"class":586},[47,49525,49526,49528,49530,49532,49534,49536,49538,49540],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49527,98],{"class":97},[47,49529,101],{"class":83},[47,49531,48279],{"class":97},[47,49533,101],{"class":83},[47,49535,1863],{"class":87},[47,49537,590],{"class":83},[47,49539,44680],{"class":919},[47,49541,1419],{"class":83},[724,49543,49545],{"id":49544},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,49547,737],{},[38,49549,49551],{"className":40,"code":49550,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,49552,49553,49561],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49554,49555,49557,49559],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49556,1836],{"class":53},[47,49558,58],{"class":57},[47,49560,34245],{"class":586},[47,49562,49563,49565,49567,49569,49571,49573,49575,49577,49579,49581,49583],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49564,98],{"class":97},[47,49566,101],{"class":83},[47,49568,48279],{"class":97},[47,49570,101],{"class":83},[47,49572,1863],{"class":87},[47,49574,590],{"class":83},[47,49576,3017],{"class":83},[47,49578,890],{"class":919},[47,49580,590],{"class":83},[47,49582,39658],{"class":919},[47,49584,2389],{"class":83},[20,49586,49587],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,49589,788],{},[38,49591,49593],{"className":40,"code":49592,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49594,49595,49603],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49596,49597,49599,49601],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49598,1836],{"class":53},[47,49600,58],{"class":57},[47,49602,34245],{"class":586},[47,49604,49605,49607,49609,49611,49613,49615,49617,49619,49621,49623,49625],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49606,98],{"class":97},[47,49608,101],{"class":83},[47,49610,48279],{"class":97},[47,49612,101],{"class":83},[47,49614,1863],{"class":87},[47,49616,590],{"class":83},[47,49618,8634],{"class":83},[47,49620,890],{"class":919},[47,49622,590],{"class":83},[47,49624,39658],{"class":919},[47,49626,2300],{"class":83},[724,49628,25178,49630,49632],{"id":49629},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,49631,44209],{}," converts a value",[20,49634,18315],{},[38,49636,49638],{"className":40,"code":49637,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,49639,49640,49653,49671,49675],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49641,49642,49644,49646,49648,49651],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49643,1836],{"class":53},[47,49645,58],{"class":57},[47,49647,62],{"class":61},[47,49649,49650],{"class":65},"123",[47,49652,69],{"class":61},[47,49654,49655,49657,49659,49661,49663,49665,49667,49669],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49656,75],{"class":53},[47,49658,58],{"class":57},[47,49660,49017],{"class":97},[47,49662,101],{"class":83},[47,49664,1863],{"class":87},[47,49666,590],{"class":83},[47,49668,44680],{"class":919},[47,49670,107],{"class":83},[47,49672,49673],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,49674,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,49676,49677,49679,49681,49683],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,49678,98],{"class":97},[47,49680,101],{"class":83},[47,49682,104],{"class":87},[47,49684,107],{"class":83},[20,49686,338],{},[38,49688,49689],{"className":40,"code":3436,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,49690,49691],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49692,49693],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49694,3436],{"class":1271},[20,49696,49697,49698,49701,49702,49704],{},"This does not convert ",[15,49699,49700],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,49703,49650],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,49706,49707,49708,6031],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,49709,49710],{},"int(value)",[724,49712,49714],{"id":49713},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,49716,49717,49719],{},[15,49718,44209],{}," does not modify anything.",[38,49721,49723],{"className":40,"code":49722,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,49724,49725,49737,49741,49759],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49726,49727,49729,49731,49733,49735],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49728,1836],{"class":53},[47,49730,58],{"class":57},[47,49732,62],{"class":61},[47,49734,12959],{"class":65},[47,49736,69],{"class":61},[47,49738,49739],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49740,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,49742,49743,49745,49747,49749,49751,49753,49755,49757],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,49744,98],{"class":97},[47,49746,101],{"class":83},[47,49748,48279],{"class":97},[47,49750,101],{"class":83},[47,49752,1863],{"class":87},[47,49754,590],{"class":83},[47,49756,48308],{"class":919},[47,49758,1419],{"class":83},[47,49760,49761,49763,49765,49767],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,49762,98],{"class":97},[47,49764,101],{"class":83},[47,49766,1863],{"class":87},[47,49768,107],{"class":83},[20,49770,338],{},[38,49772,49774],{"className":40,"code":49773,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\n100\n",[15,49775,49776,49780],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49777,49778],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49779,1264],{"class":1271},[47,49781,49782],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49783,46667],{"class":586},[20,49785,49786],{},"The value stays the same.",[33,49788,25346],{"id":25345},[20,49790,49791],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[38,49793,49795],{"className":40,"code":49794,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,49796,49797,49811,49829,49853],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49798,49799,49801,49803,49805,49807,49809],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49800,98],{"class":97},[47,49802,101],{"class":83},[47,49804,2613],{"class":919},[47,49806,101],{"class":83},[47,49808,1863],{"class":87},[47,49810,1419],{"class":83},[47,49812,49813,49815,49817,49819,49821,49823,49825,49827],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49814,98],{"class":97},[47,49816,101],{"class":83},[47,49818,48279],{"class":97},[47,49820,101],{"class":83},[47,49822,1863],{"class":87},[47,49824,590],{"class":83},[47,49826,44680],{"class":919},[47,49828,1419],{"class":83},[47,49830,49831,49833,49835,49837,49839,49841,49843,49845,49847,49849,49851],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,49832,98],{"class":97},[47,49834,101],{"class":83},[47,49836,48279],{"class":97},[47,49838,101],{"class":83},[47,49840,1863],{"class":87},[47,49842,590],{"class":83},[47,49844,8634],{"class":83},[47,49846,890],{"class":919},[47,49848,590],{"class":83},[47,49850,39658],{"class":919},[47,49852,2300],{"class":83},[47,49854,49855,49857,49859,49861,49863,49865],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,49856,98],{"class":97},[47,49858,101],{"class":83},[47,49860,41182],{"class":97},[47,49862,101],{"class":83},[47,49864,1863],{"class":87},[47,49866,1419],{"class":83},[20,49868,49869],{},"These can help when:",[133,49871,49872,49875,49880,49883],{},[136,49873,49874],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[136,49876,49877,49878],{},"you are getting a ",[15,49879,2395],{},[136,49881,49882],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[136,49884,49885,49886,49888],{},"the second argument to ",[15,49887,44209],{}," is invalid",[20,49890,49891],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[133,49893,49894,49908,49914,49919],{},[136,49895,49896,49897,158,49900,49903,49904,158,49906],{},"using ",[15,49898,49899],{},"'int'",[15,49901,49902],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,49905,890],{},[15,49907,920],{},[136,49909,49910,49911,49913],{},"expecting ",[15,49912,44209],{}," to convert a value",[136,49915,49896,49916,49918],{},[15,49917,1690],{}," when inherited types should also match",[136,49920,49921],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,49923,49924,49925,84],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[154,49926,49928,49929],{"href":49927},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,49930,49931],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[33,49933,1155],{"id":1154},[724,49935,4540,49937,4543],{"id":49936},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,49938,44209],{},[20,49940,4546,49941,49943,49944,84],{},[15,49942,2997],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,49945,3070],{},[724,49947,4568,49949,49951],{"id":49948},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,49950,44209],{}," check more than one type?",[20,49953,49954,49955,84],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,49956,49957],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[724,49959,4578,49961,1063,49963,1883],{"id":49960},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,49962,44209],{},[15,49964,1690],{},[20,49966,49967,49969,49970,49972],{},[15,49968,1690],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,49971,44209],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[724,49974,1159,49976,49978],{"id":49975},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,49977,44209],{}," convert a value?",[20,49980,49981],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[33,49983,1275],{"id":1274},[133,49985,49986,49992,49996,50001,50006],{},[136,49987,49988],{},[154,49989,2968,49990,2901],{"href":1687},[15,49991,1690],{},[136,49993,49994],{},[154,49995,44201],{"href":48382},[136,49997,49998],{},[154,49999,50000],{"href":2350},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[136,50002,50003],{},[154,50004,50005],{"href":48385},"What is a data type in Python?",[136,50007,50008],{},[154,50009,49928,50010],{"href":49927},[15,50011,49931],{},[1320,50013,50014],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":50016},[50017,50018,50020,50023,50027,50028,50033,50039,50047,50048,50058],{"id":3001,"depth":72,"text":3002},{"id":48321,"depth":72,"text":50019},"What isinstance() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166,"children":50021},[50022],{"id":48413,"depth":94,"text":48414},{"id":267,"depth":72,"text":268,"children":50024},[50025,50026],{"id":48501,"depth":94,"text":48502},{"id":48572,"depth":94,"text":48573},{"id":48659,"depth":72,"text":48660},{"id":48856,"depth":72,"text":50029,"children":50030},"isinstance() vs type()",[50031,50032],{"id":48872,"depth":94,"text":48875},{"id":48914,"depth":94,"text":48917},{"id":48975,"depth":72,"text":48976,"children":50034},[50035,50036,50037,50038],{"id":48984,"depth":94,"text":48985},{"id":49166,"depth":94,"text":49167},{"id":49293,"depth":94,"text":49294},{"id":49371,"depth":94,"text":49372},{"id":3914,"depth":72,"text":3915,"children":50040},[50041,50043,50044,50046],{"id":49461,"depth":94,"text":50042},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":49544,"depth":94,"text":49545},{"id":49629,"depth":94,"text":50045},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":49713,"depth":94,"text":49714},{"id":25345,"depth":72,"text":25346},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":50049},[50050,50052,50054,50056],{"id":49936,"depth":94,"text":50051},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":49948,"depth":94,"text":50053},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":49960,"depth":94,"text":50055},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":49975,"depth":94,"text":50057},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48222,"description":50059},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50065,"title":50066,"body":50067,"description":52039,"extension":1354,"meta":52040,"navigation":311,"path":52041,"seo":52042,"stem":52043,"__hash__":52044},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50068,"toc":52014},[50069,50072,50077,50082,50096,50099,50101,50176,50181,50185,50190,50193,50207,50209,50375,50387,50389,50391,50406,50409,50412,50425,50427,50525,50529,50535,50538,50547,50549,50584,50589,50610,50615,50620,50652,50655,50712,50716,50722,50725,50778,50780,50820,50823,50891,50894,50945,50952,50956,50962,51047,51053,51059,51108,51111,51114,51164,51166,51171,51175,51225,51229,51276,51280,51357,51361,51426,51429,51433,51438,51443,51455,51457,51476,51482,51485,51504,51509,51536,51543,51547,51553,51556,51651,51654,51657,51706,51711,51713,51717,51752,51755,51812,51822,51825,51859,51862,51864,51868,51871,51875,51878,51882,51885,51889,51902,51906,51911,51913,51963,51975,51977,52011],[10,50070,50066],{"id":50071},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50073,8520,50074,50076],{},[15,50075,41764],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50078,34809,50079,50081],{},[15,50080,41764],{}," to count:",[133,50083,50084,50087,50090,50093],{},[136,50085,50086],{},"characters in a string",[136,50088,50089],{},"items in a list or tuple",[136,50091,50092],{},"keys in a dictionary",[136,50094,50095],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50097,50098],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[33,50100,36],{"id":35},[38,50102,50104],{"className":40,"code":50103,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50105,50106,50118,50138,50142,50159],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50107,50108,50110,50112,50114,50116],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50109,54],{"class":53},[47,50111,58],{"class":57},[47,50113,62],{"class":61},[47,50115,256],{"class":65},[47,50117,69],{"class":61},[47,50119,50120,50122,50124,50126,50128,50130,50132,50134,50136],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,50121,7178],{"class":53},[47,50123,58],{"class":57},[47,50125,3017],{"class":83},[47,50127,1719],{"class":586},[47,50129,590],{"class":83},[47,50131,7189],{"class":586},[47,50133,590],{"class":83},[47,50135,7194],{"class":586},[47,50137,3030],{"class":83},[47,50139,50140],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,50141,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,50143,50144,50146,50148,50150,50152,50154,50156],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,50145,98],{"class":97},[47,50147,101],{"class":83},[47,50149,10562],{"class":97},[47,50151,101],{"class":83},[47,50153,565],{"class":87},[47,50155,4761],{"class":83},[47,50157,50158],{"class":113},"   # 5\n",[47,50160,50161,50163,50165,50167,50169,50171,50173],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,50162,98],{"class":97},[47,50164,101],{"class":83},[47,50166,10562],{"class":97},[47,50168,101],{"class":83},[47,50170,7209],{"class":87},[47,50172,4761],{"class":83},[47,50174,50175],{"class":113},"  # 3\n",[20,50177,1486,50178,50180],{},[15,50179,41764],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[33,50182,50184],{"id":50183},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50186,50187,50189],{},[15,50188,41764],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50191,50192],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[133,50194,50195,50198,50201,50204],{},[136,50196,50197],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[136,50199,50200],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[136,50202,50203],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[136,50205,50206],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50208,538],{},[38,50210,50212],{"className":40,"code":50211,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50213,50214,50226,50251,50283,50303,50307,50324,50341,50358],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50215,50216,50218,50220,50222,50224],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50217,212],{"class":53},[47,50219,58],{"class":57},[47,50221,62],{"class":61},[47,50223,7075],{"class":65},[47,50225,69],{"class":61},[47,50227,50228,50230,50232,50234,50236,50238,50240,50242,50244,50246,50249],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,50229,3012],{"class":53},[47,50231,58],{"class":57},[47,50233,3017],{"class":83},[47,50235,1719],{"class":586},[47,50237,590],{"class":83},[47,50239,7189],{"class":586},[47,50241,590],{"class":83},[47,50243,7194],{"class":586},[47,50245,590],{"class":83},[47,50247,50248],{"class":586}," 40",[47,50250,3030],{"class":83},[47,50252,50253,50255,50257,50259,50261,50263,50265,50267,50269,50271,50273,50275,50277,50279,50281],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,50254,8563],{"class":53},[47,50256,58],{"class":57},[47,50258,9890],{"class":83},[47,50260,253],{"class":61},[47,50262,154],{"class":65},[47,50264,253],{"class":61},[47,50266,1032],{"class":83},[47,50268,4898],{"class":586},[47,50270,590],{"class":83},[47,50272,62],{"class":61},[47,50274,4158],{"class":65},[47,50276,253],{"class":61},[47,50278,1032],{"class":83},[47,50280,2382],{"class":586},[47,50282,8707],{"class":83},[47,50284,50285,50287,50289,50291,50293,50295,50297,50299,50301],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,50286,3219],{"class":53},[47,50288,58],{"class":57},[47,50290,9890],{"class":83},[47,50292,1531],{"class":586},[47,50294,590],{"class":83},[47,50296,37048],{"class":586},[47,50298,590],{"class":83},[47,50300,587],{"class":586},[47,50302,8707],{"class":83},[47,50304,50305],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,50306,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,50308,50309,50311,50313,50315,50317,50319,50321],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,50310,98],{"class":97},[47,50312,101],{"class":83},[47,50314,10562],{"class":97},[47,50316,101],{"class":83},[47,50318,229],{"class":87},[47,50320,4761],{"class":83},[47,50322,50323],{"class":113},"     # 3\n",[47,50325,50326,50328,50330,50332,50334,50336,50338],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,50327,98],{"class":97},[47,50329,101],{"class":83},[47,50331,10562],{"class":97},[47,50333,101],{"class":83},[47,50335,3044],{"class":87},[47,50337,4761],{"class":83},[47,50339,50340],{"class":113},"  # 4\n",[47,50342,50343,50345,50347,50349,50351,50353,50355],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,50344,98],{"class":97},[47,50346,101],{"class":83},[47,50348,10562],{"class":97},[47,50350,101],{"class":83},[47,50352,8602],{"class":87},[47,50354,4761],{"class":83},[47,50356,50357],{"class":113},"     # 2\n",[47,50359,50360,50362,50364,50366,50368,50370,50372],{"class":49,"line":5831},[47,50361,98],{"class":97},[47,50363,101],{"class":83},[47,50365,10562],{"class":97},[47,50367,101],{"class":83},[47,50369,4758],{"class":87},[47,50371,4761],{"class":83},[47,50373,50374],{"class":113},"   # 3\n",[20,50376,50377,50378,712,50381,16474,50385,84],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[154,50379,50380],{"href":161},"Python strings explained",[154,50382,50384],{"href":50383},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[154,50386,8553],{"href":8552},[33,50388,166],{"id":165},[20,50390,169],{},[38,50392,50394],{"className":40,"code":50393,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"len(object)\n",[15,50395,50396],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50397,50398,50400,50402,50404],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50399,10562],{"class":97},[47,50401,101],{"class":83},[47,50403,41802],{"class":919},[47,50405,107],{"class":83},[20,50407,50408],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,50410,50411],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[133,50413,50414,50416,50418,50420,50422],{},[136,50415,37312],{},[136,50417,37306],{},[136,50419,37309],{},[136,50421,37315],{},[136,50423,50424],{},"a dictionary",[20,50426,538],{},[38,50428,50430],{"className":40,"code":50429,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,50431,50432,50453,50477,50499],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50433,50434,50436,50438,50440,50442,50444,50446,50448,50450],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50435,98],{"class":97},[47,50437,101],{"class":83},[47,50439,10562],{"class":97},[47,50441,101],{"class":83},[47,50443,253],{"class":61},[47,50445,42],{"class":65},[47,50447,253],{"class":61},[47,50449,4761],{"class":83},[47,50451,50452],{"class":113},"      # 6\n",[47,50454,50455,50457,50459,50461,50463,50465,50467,50469,50471,50473,50475],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,50456,98],{"class":97},[47,50458,101],{"class":83},[47,50460,10562],{"class":97},[47,50462,2374],{"class":83},[47,50464,2377],{"class":586},[47,50466,590],{"class":83},[47,50468,2382],{"class":586},[47,50470,590],{"class":83},[47,50472,1841],{"class":586},[47,50474,4132],{"class":83},[47,50476,50323],{"class":113},[47,50478,50479,50481,50483,50485,50487,50489,50491,50493,50496],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,50480,98],{"class":97},[47,50482,101],{"class":83},[47,50484,10562],{"class":97},[47,50486,4911],{"class":83},[47,50488,1719],{"class":586},[47,50490,590],{"class":83},[47,50492,7189],{"class":586},[47,50494,50495],{"class":83},")))",[47,50497,50498],{"class":113},"      # 2\n",[47,50500,50501,50503,50505,50507,50509,50511,50513,50515,50517,50519,50522],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,50502,98],{"class":97},[47,50504,101],{"class":83},[47,50506,10562],{"class":97},[47,50508,4930],{"class":83},[47,50510,253],{"class":61},[47,50512,1567],{"class":65},[47,50514,253],{"class":61},[47,50516,1032],{"class":83},[47,50518,4898],{"class":586},[47,50520,50521],{"class":83},"}))",[47,50523,50524],{"class":113},"      # 1\n",[33,50526,50528],{"id":50527},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,50530,50531,50532,50534],{},"When you use ",[15,50533,41764],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,50536,50537],{},"That includes:",[133,50539,50540,50542,50544],{},[136,50541,35547],{},[136,50543,9851],{},[136,50545,50546],{},"punctuation",[20,50548,538],{},[38,50550,50552],{"className":40,"code":50551,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,50553,50554,50567],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50555,50556,50558,50560,50562,50565],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50557,54],{"class":53},[47,50559,58],{"class":57},[47,50561,62],{"class":61},[47,50563,50564],{"class":65},"Hi there!",[47,50566,69],{"class":61},[47,50568,50569,50571,50573,50575,50577,50579,50581],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,50570,98],{"class":97},[47,50572,101],{"class":83},[47,50574,10562],{"class":97},[47,50576,101],{"class":83},[47,50578,565],{"class":87},[47,50580,4761],{"class":83},[47,50582,50583],{"class":113},"  # 9\n",[20,50585,50586,50587,1883],{},"Why is the result ",[15,50588,1539],{},[133,50590,50591,50597,50601,50604],{},[136,50592,50593,50596],{},[15,50594,50595],{},"H"," = 1",[136,50598,50599,50596],{},[15,50600,35558],{},[136,50602,50603],{},"space = 1",[136,50605,50606,50609],{},[15,50607,50608],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,50611,50612,50613],{},"Total: ",[15,50614,1539],{},[20,50616,50617,50618,1032],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,50619,1514],{},[38,50621,50623],{"className":40,"code":50622,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,50624,50625,50634],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50626,50627,50630,50632],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50628,50629],{"class":53},"empty_text ",[47,50631,58],{"class":57},[47,50633,7280],{"class":61},[47,50635,50636,50638,50640,50642,50644,50647,50649],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,50637,98],{"class":97},[47,50639,101],{"class":83},[47,50641,10562],{"class":97},[47,50643,101],{"class":83},[47,50645,50646],{"class":87},"empty_text",[47,50648,4761],{"class":83},[47,50650,50651],{"class":113},"  # 0\n",[20,50653,50654],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[38,50656,50658],{"className":40,"code":50657,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,50659,50660,50673,50677,50697],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50661,50662,50665,50667,50669,50671],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50663,50664],{"class":53},"user_name ",[47,50666,58],{"class":57},[47,50668,62],{"class":61},[47,50670,4401],{"class":65},[47,50672,69],{"class":61},[47,50674,50675],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,50676,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,50678,50679,50681,50683,50685,50688,50690,50693,50695],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,50680,656],{"class":655},[47,50682,37790],{"class":97},[47,50684,101],{"class":83},[47,50686,50687],{"class":87},"user_name",[47,50689,3057],{"class":83},[47,50691,50692],{"class":57}," >=",[47,50694,1841],{"class":586},[47,50696,679],{"class":83},[47,50698,50699,50701,50703,50705,50708,50710],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,50700,684],{"class":97},[47,50702,101],{"class":83},[47,50704,253],{"class":61},[47,50706,50707],{"class":65},"Name is long enough",[47,50709,253],{"class":61},[47,50711,107],{"class":83},[33,50713,50715],{"id":50714},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,50717,50718,50719,50721],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,50720,41764],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,50723,50724],{},"Example with a list:",[38,50726,50728],{"className":40,"code":50727,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,50729,50730,50762],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50731,50732,50734,50736,50738,50740,50742,50744,50746,50748,50750,50752,50754,50756,50758,50760],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50733,12476],{"class":53},[47,50735,58],{"class":57},[47,50737,3017],{"class":83},[47,50739,253],{"class":61},[47,50741,12493],{"class":65},[47,50743,253],{"class":61},[47,50745,590],{"class":83},[47,50747,62],{"class":61},[47,50749,16858],{"class":65},[47,50751,253],{"class":61},[47,50753,590],{"class":83},[47,50755,62],{"class":61},[47,50757,12510],{"class":65},[47,50759,253],{"class":61},[47,50761,3030],{"class":83},[47,50763,50764,50766,50768,50770,50772,50774,50776],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,50765,98],{"class":97},[47,50767,101],{"class":83},[47,50769,10562],{"class":97},[47,50771,101],{"class":83},[47,50773,16905],{"class":87},[47,50775,4761],{"class":83},[47,50777,50175],{"class":113},[20,50779,37321],{},[38,50781,50783],{"className":40,"code":50782,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,50784,50785,50802],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50786,50787,50790,50792,50794,50796,50798,50800],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50788,50789],{"class":53},"point ",[47,50791,58],{"class":57},[47,50793,8634],{"class":83},[47,50795,1719],{"class":586},[47,50797,590],{"class":83},[47,50799,7189],{"class":586},[47,50801,107],{"class":83},[47,50803,50804,50806,50808,50810,50812,50815,50817],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,50805,98],{"class":97},[47,50807,101],{"class":83},[47,50809,10562],{"class":97},[47,50811,101],{"class":83},[47,50813,50814],{"class":87},"point",[47,50816,4761],{"class":83},[47,50818,50819],{"class":113},"  # 2\n",[20,50821,50822],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[38,50824,50826],{"className":40,"code":50825,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,50827,50828,50852,50856,50874],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50829,50830,50832,50834,50836,50838,50840,50842,50844,50846,50848,50850],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50831,7178],{"class":53},[47,50833,58],{"class":57},[47,50835,3017],{"class":83},[47,50837,253],{"class":61},[47,50839,3475],{"class":65},[47,50841,253],{"class":61},[47,50843,590],{"class":83},[47,50845,62],{"class":61},[47,50847,288],{"class":65},[47,50849,253],{"class":61},[47,50851,3030],{"class":83},[47,50853,50854],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,50855,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,50857,50858,50860,50862,50864,50866,50868,50870,50872],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,50859,656],{"class":655},[47,50861,37790],{"class":97},[47,50863,101],{"class":83},[47,50865,7209],{"class":87},[47,50867,3057],{"class":83},[47,50869,37799],{"class":57},[47,50871,4898],{"class":586},[47,50873,679],{"class":83},[47,50875,50876,50878,50880,50882,50884,50886,50888],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,50877,684],{"class":97},[47,50879,101],{"class":83},[47,50881,7209],{"class":87},[47,50883,3296],{"class":83},[47,50885,2377],{"class":586},[47,50887,19848],{"class":83},[47,50889,50890],{"class":113},"  # banana\n",[20,50892,50893],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[38,50895,50897],{"className":40,"code":50896,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,50898,50899,50922],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50900,50901,50903,50905,50907,50910,50912,50915,50917,50920],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50902,4461],{"class":53},[47,50904,58],{"class":57},[47,50906,3017],{"class":83},[47,50908,50909],{"class":586},"88",[47,50911,590],{"class":83},[47,50913,50914],{"class":586}," 91",[47,50916,590],{"class":83},[47,50918,50919],{"class":586}," 75",[47,50921,3030],{"class":83},[47,50923,50924,50926,50928,50930,50933,50935,50937,50939,50941,50943],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,50925,98],{"class":97},[47,50927,101],{"class":83},[47,50929,253],{"class":61},[47,50931,50932],{"class":65},"Number of scores:",[47,50934,253],{"class":61},[47,50936,590],{"class":83},[47,50938,37790],{"class":97},[47,50940,101],{"class":83},[47,50942,15792],{"class":87},[47,50944,1419],{"class":83},[20,50946,50947,50948,84],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[154,50949,50951],{"href":50950},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[33,50953,50955],{"id":50954},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,50957,50958,50959,50961],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,50960,41764],{}," counts keys.",[38,50963,50965],{"className":40,"code":50964,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,50966,50967,50975,50993,51007,51023,51027,51031],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50968,50969,50971,50973],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50970,12263],{"class":53},[47,50972,58],{"class":57},[47,50974,10891],{"class":83},[47,50976,50977,50979,50981,50983,50985,50987,50989,50991],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,50978,10896],{"class":61},[47,50980,229],{"class":65},[47,50982,253],{"class":61},[47,50984,1032],{"class":83},[47,50986,62],{"class":61},[47,50988,7320],{"class":65},[47,50990,253],{"class":61},[47,50992,10912],{"class":83},[47,50994,50995,50997,50999,51001,51003,51005],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,50996,10896],{"class":61},[47,50998,8697],{"class":65},[47,51000,253],{"class":61},[47,51002,1032],{"class":83},[47,51004,30348],{"class":586},[47,51006,10912],{"class":83},[47,51008,51009,51011,51013,51015,51017,51019,51021],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,51010,10896],{"class":61},[47,51012,19293],{"class":65},[47,51014,253],{"class":61},[47,51016,1032],{"class":83},[47,51018,62],{"class":61},[47,51020,21647],{"class":65},[47,51022,69],{"class":61},[47,51024,51025],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,51026,8707],{"class":83},[47,51028,51029],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,51030,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,51032,51033,51035,51037,51039,51041,51043,51045],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,51034,98],{"class":97},[47,51036,101],{"class":83},[47,51038,10562],{"class":97},[47,51040,101],{"class":83},[47,51042,13027],{"class":87},[47,51044,4761],{"class":83},[47,51046,50175],{"class":113},[20,51048,51049,51050,51052],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51051,41764],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51054,51055,51056,51058],{},"For sets, ",[15,51057,41764],{}," counts unique items:",[38,51060,51062],{"className":40,"code":51061,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51063,51064,51092],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51065,51066,51068,51070,51072,51074,51076,51078,51080,51082,51084,51086,51088,51090],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51067,3012],{"class":53},[47,51069,58],{"class":57},[47,51071,9890],{"class":83},[47,51073,2377],{"class":586},[47,51075,590],{"class":83},[47,51077,2382],{"class":586},[47,51079,590],{"class":83},[47,51081,1841],{"class":586},[47,51083,590],{"class":83},[47,51085,1841],{"class":586},[47,51087,590],{"class":83},[47,51089,2382],{"class":586},[47,51091,8707],{"class":83},[47,51093,51094,51096,51098,51100,51102,51104,51106],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,51095,98],{"class":97},[47,51097,101],{"class":83},[47,51099,10562],{"class":97},[47,51101,101],{"class":83},[47,51103,3044],{"class":87},[47,51105,4761],{"class":83},[47,51107,50175],{"class":113},[20,51109,51110],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51112,51113],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[38,51115,51117],{"className":40,"code":51116,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51118,51119,51127,51131,51149],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51120,51121,51123,51125],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51122,8563],{"class":53},[47,51124,58],{"class":57},[47,51126,9237],{"class":83},[47,51128,51129],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,51130,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,51132,51133,51135,51137,51139,51141,51143,51145,51147],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,51134,656],{"class":655},[47,51136,37790],{"class":97},[47,51138,101],{"class":83},[47,51140,8602],{"class":87},[47,51142,3057],{"class":83},[47,51144,669],{"class":57},[47,51146,3230],{"class":586},[47,51148,679],{"class":83},[47,51150,51151,51153,51155,51157,51160,51162],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,51152,684],{"class":97},[47,51154,101],{"class":83},[47,51156,253],{"class":61},[47,51158,51159],{"class":65},"The dictionary is empty",[47,51161,253],{"class":61},[47,51163,107],{"class":83},[33,51165,40449],{"id":40448},[20,51167,51168,51169,84],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51170,41764],{},[724,51172,51174],{"id":51173},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[38,51176,51178],{"className":40,"code":51177,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51179,51180,51188,51192,51210],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51181,51182,51184,51186],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51183,7178],{"class":53},[47,51185,58],{"class":57},[47,51187,7238],{"class":83},[47,51189,51190],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,51191,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,51193,51194,51196,51198,51200,51202,51204,51206,51208],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,51195,656],{"class":655},[47,51197,37790],{"class":97},[47,51199,101],{"class":83},[47,51201,7209],{"class":87},[47,51203,3057],{"class":83},[47,51205,669],{"class":57},[47,51207,3230],{"class":586},[47,51209,679],{"class":83},[47,51211,51212,51214,51216,51218,51221,51223],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,51213,684],{"class":97},[47,51215,101],{"class":83},[47,51217,253],{"class":61},[47,51219,51220],{"class":65},"The list is empty",[47,51222,253],{"class":61},[47,51224,107],{"class":83},[724,51226,51228],{"id":51227},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[38,51230,51232],{"className":40,"code":51231,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51233,51234,51253],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51235,51236,51238,51240,51242,51244,51246,51249,51251],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51237,281],{"class":53},[47,51239,58],{"class":57},[47,51241,7640],{"class":97},[47,51243,101],{"class":83},[47,51245,253],{"class":61},[47,51247,51248],{"class":65},"Enter a word: ",[47,51250,253],{"class":61},[47,51252,107],{"class":83},[47,51254,51255,51257,51259,51261,51264,51266,51268,51270,51272,51274],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,51256,98],{"class":97},[47,51258,101],{"class":83},[47,51260,253],{"class":61},[47,51262,51263],{"class":65},"Number of characters:",[47,51265,253],{"class":61},[47,51267,590],{"class":83},[47,51269,37790],{"class":97},[47,51271,101],{"class":83},[47,51273,321],{"class":87},[47,51275,1419],{"class":83},[724,51277,51279],{"id":51278},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[38,51281,51283],{"className":40,"code":51282,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51284,51285,51299,51303,51321,51336,51342],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51286,51287,51290,51292,51294,51297],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51288,51289],{"class":53},"password ",[47,51291,58],{"class":57},[47,51293,62],{"class":61},[47,51295,51296],{"class":65},"secret123",[47,51298,69],{"class":61},[47,51300,51301],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,51302,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,51304,51305,51307,51309,51311,51313,51315,51317,51319],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,51306,656],{"class":655},[47,51308,37790],{"class":97},[47,51310,101],{"class":83},[47,51312,17024],{"class":87},[47,51314,3057],{"class":83},[47,51316,50692],{"class":57},[47,51318,5760],{"class":586},[47,51320,679],{"class":83},[47,51322,51323,51325,51327,51329,51332,51334],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,51324,684],{"class":97},[47,51326,101],{"class":83},[47,51328,253],{"class":61},[47,51330,51331],{"class":65},"Password length is valid",[47,51333,253],{"class":61},[47,51335,107],{"class":83},[47,51337,51338,51340],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,51339,26838],{"class":655},[47,51341,679],{"class":83},[47,51343,51344,51346,51348,51350,51353,51355],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,51345,684],{"class":97},[47,51347,101],{"class":83},[47,51349,253],{"class":61},[47,51351,51352],{"class":65},"Password is too short",[47,51354,253],{"class":61},[47,51356,107],{"class":83},[724,51358,51360],{"id":51359},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[38,51362,51364],{"className":40,"code":51363,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,51365,51366,51402],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51367,51368,51371,51373,51375,51377,51380,51382,51384,51386,51389,51391,51393,51395,51398,51400],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51369,51370],{"class":53},"results ",[47,51372,58],{"class":57},[47,51374,3017],{"class":83},[47,51376,253],{"class":61},[47,51378,51379],{"class":65},"item1",[47,51381,253],{"class":61},[47,51383,590],{"class":83},[47,51385,62],{"class":61},[47,51387,51388],{"class":65},"item2",[47,51390,253],{"class":61},[47,51392,590],{"class":83},[47,51394,62],{"class":61},[47,51396,51397],{"class":65},"item3",[47,51399,253],{"class":61},[47,51401,3030],{"class":83},[47,51403,51404,51406,51408,51410,51413,51415,51417,51419,51421,51424],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,51405,98],{"class":97},[47,51407,101],{"class":83},[47,51409,253],{"class":61},[47,51411,51412],{"class":65},"Items found:",[47,51414,253],{"class":61},[47,51416,590],{"class":83},[47,51418,37790],{"class":97},[47,51420,101],{"class":83},[47,51422,51423],{"class":87},"results",[47,51425,1419],{"class":83},[20,51427,51428],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[33,51430,51432],{"id":51431},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,51434,51435,51437],{},[15,51436,41764],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,51439,51440,51441,1032],{},"These will raise a ",[15,51442,2395],{},[133,51444,51445,51448,51451],{},[136,51446,51447],{},"plain integers",[136,51449,51450],{},"floats",[136,51452,51453],{},[15,51454,3174],{},[20,51456,538],{},[38,51458,51460],{"className":40,"code":51459,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(len(5))\n",[15,51461,51462],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51463,51464,51466,51468,51470,51472,51474],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51465,98],{"class":97},[47,51467,101],{"class":83},[47,51469,10562],{"class":97},[47,51471,101],{"class":83},[47,51473,1531],{"class":586},[47,51475,1419],{"class":83},[20,51477,51478,51479,51481],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,51480,1531],{}," does not have a length.",[20,51483,51484],{},"Another example:",[38,51486,51488],{"className":40,"code":51487,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,51489,51490],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51491,51492,51494,51496,51498,51500,51502],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51493,98],{"class":97},[47,51495,101],{"class":83},[47,51497,10562],{"class":97},[47,51499,101],{"class":83},[47,51501,39546],{"class":586},[47,51503,1419],{"class":83},[20,51505,51506,51507,1032],{},"And with ",[15,51508,3174],{},[38,51510,51512],{"className":40,"code":51511,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,51513,51514,51522],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51515,51516,51518,51520],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51517,1836],{"class":53},[47,51519,58],{"class":57},[47,51521,47931],{"class":1271},[47,51523,51524,51526,51528,51530,51532,51534],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,51525,98],{"class":97},[47,51527,101],{"class":83},[47,51529,10562],{"class":97},[47,51531,101],{"class":83},[47,51533,1863],{"class":87},[47,51535,1419],{"class":83},[20,51537,51538,51539,84],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[154,51540,51542],{"href":51541},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[33,51544,51546],{"id":51545},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,51548,51549,51550,51552],{},"Before using ",[15,51551,41764],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,51554,51555],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[38,51557,51559],{"className":40,"code":51558,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,51560,51561,51569,51573,51583,51597,51615,51633],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51562,51563,51565,51567],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51564,1836],{"class":53},[47,51566,58],{"class":57},[47,51568,47931],{"class":1271},[47,51570,51571],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,51572,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,51574,51575,51577,51579,51581],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,51576,98],{"class":97},[47,51578,101],{"class":83},[47,51580,1863],{"class":87},[47,51582,107],{"class":83},[47,51584,51585,51587,51589,51591,51593,51595],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,51586,98],{"class":97},[47,51588,101],{"class":83},[47,51590,2613],{"class":919},[47,51592,101],{"class":83},[47,51594,1863],{"class":87},[47,51596,1419],{"class":83},[47,51598,51599,51601,51603,51605,51607,51609,51611,51613],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,51600,98],{"class":97},[47,51602,101],{"class":83},[47,51604,48279],{"class":97},[47,51606,101],{"class":83},[47,51608,1863],{"class":87},[47,51610,590],{"class":83},[47,51612,48308],{"class":919},[47,51614,1419],{"class":83},[47,51616,51617,51619,51621,51623,51625,51627,51629,51631],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,51618,98],{"class":97},[47,51620,101],{"class":83},[47,51622,48279],{"class":97},[47,51624,101],{"class":83},[47,51626,1863],{"class":87},[47,51628,590],{"class":83},[47,51630,21962],{"class":919},[47,51632,1419],{"class":83},[47,51634,51635,51637,51639,51641,51643,51645,51647,51649],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,51636,98],{"class":97},[47,51638,101],{"class":83},[47,51640,48279],{"class":97},[47,51642,101],{"class":83},[47,51644,1863],{"class":87},[47,51646,590],{"class":83},[47,51648,8568],{"class":919},[47,51650,1419],{"class":83},[20,51652,51653],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,51655,51656],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[38,51658,51660],{"className":40,"code":51659,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,51661,51662,51674,51678,51692],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51663,51664,51666,51668,51670,51672],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51665,1836],{"class":53},[47,51667,58],{"class":57},[47,51669,62],{"class":61},[47,51671,256],{"class":65},[47,51673,69],{"class":61},[47,51675,51676],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,51677,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,51679,51680,51682,51684,51686,51688,51690],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,51681,656],{"class":655},[47,51683,20986],{"class":53},[47,51685,11593],{"class":57},[47,51687,7498],{"class":57},[47,51689,3248],{"class":1271},[47,51691,679],{"class":83},[47,51693,51694,51696,51698,51700,51702,51704],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,51695,684],{"class":97},[47,51697,101],{"class":83},[47,51699,10562],{"class":97},[47,51701,101],{"class":83},[47,51703,1863],{"class":87},[47,51705,1419],{"class":83},[20,51707,51708,51709,84],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[154,51710,7841],{"href":1687},[33,51712,722],{"id":721},[20,51714,22497,51715,1032],{},[15,51716,41764],{},[133,51718,51719,51727,51735,51743,51749],{},[136,51720,7816,51721,51723,51724],{},[15,51722,41764],{}," on an integer like ",[15,51725,51726],{},"len(5)",[136,51728,7816,51729,51731,51732],{},[15,51730,41764],{}," on a float like ",[15,51733,51734],{},"len(3.14)",[136,51736,7816,51737,51739,51740,51742],{},[15,51738,41764],{}," on ",[15,51741,3174],{}," after a function returns nothing",[136,51744,3976,51745,51748],{},[15,51746,51747],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[136,51750,51751],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,51753,51754],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[38,51756,51758],{"className":40,"code":51757,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,51759,51760,51796],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51761,51762,51764,51766,51768,51770,51772,51774,51776,51778,51780,51782,51784,51786,51788,51790,51792,51794],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51763,12605],{"class":53},[47,51765,58],{"class":57},[47,51767,9890],{"class":83},[47,51769,253],{"class":61},[47,51771,229],{"class":65},[47,51773,253],{"class":61},[47,51775,1032],{"class":83},[47,51777,62],{"class":61},[47,51779,12280],{"class":65},[47,51781,253],{"class":61},[47,51783,590],{"class":83},[47,51785,62],{"class":61},[47,51787,8697],{"class":65},[47,51789,253],{"class":61},[47,51791,1032],{"class":83},[47,51793,7189],{"class":586},[47,51795,8707],{"class":83},[47,51797,51798,51800,51802,51804,51806,51808,51810],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,51799,98],{"class":97},[47,51801,101],{"class":83},[47,51803,10562],{"class":97},[47,51805,101],{"class":83},[47,51807,16709],{"class":87},[47,51809,4761],{"class":83},[47,51811,50819],{"class":113},[20,51813,36999,51814,51816,51817,1063,51819,84],{},[15,51815,1449],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,51818,14642],{},[15,51820,51821],{},"\"age\"",[20,51823,51824],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[38,51826,51828],{"className":40,"code":51827,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,51829,51830,51843],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51831,51832,51834,51836,51838,51841],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51833,54],{"class":53},[47,51835,58],{"class":57},[47,51837,62],{"class":61},[47,51839,51840],{"class":65},"a b",[47,51842,69],{"class":61},[47,51844,51845,51847,51849,51851,51853,51855,51857],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,51846,98],{"class":97},[47,51848,101],{"class":83},[47,51850,10562],{"class":97},[47,51852,101],{"class":83},[47,51854,565],{"class":87},[47,51856,4761],{"class":83},[47,51858,50175],{"class":113},[20,51860,51861],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[33,51863,1155],{"id":1154},[724,51865,51867],{"id":51866},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,51869,51870],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[724,51872,51874],{"id":51873},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,51876,51877],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[724,51879,51881],{"id":51880},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,51883,51884],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[724,51886,51888],{"id":51887},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,51890,51891,51892,51894,51895,158,51897,51899,51900,84],{},"No. Using ",[15,51893,41764],{}," on an ",[15,51896,890],{},[15,51898,1584],{}," raises a ",[15,51901,2395],{},[724,51903,51905],{"id":51904},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,51907,7161,51908,84],{},[15,51909,51910],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,51912,538],{},[38,51914,51916],{"className":40,"code":51915,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,51917,51918,51926,51930,51948],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51919,51920,51922,51924],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51921,7706],{"class":53},[47,51923,58],{"class":57},[47,51925,7238],{"class":83},[47,51927,51928],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,51929,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,51931,51932,51934,51936,51938,51940,51942,51944,51946],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,51933,656],{"class":655},[47,51935,37790],{"class":97},[47,51937,101],{"class":83},[47,51939,7737],{"class":87},[47,51941,3057],{"class":83},[47,51943,669],{"class":57},[47,51945,3230],{"class":586},[47,51947,679],{"class":83},[47,51949,51950,51952,51954,51956,51959,51961],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,51951,684],{"class":97},[47,51953,101],{"class":83},[47,51955,253],{"class":61},[47,51957,51958],{"class":65},"Empty list",[47,51960,253],{"class":61},[47,51962,107],{"class":83},[20,51964,51965,51966,51968,51969,51971,51972,51974],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,51967,3070],{}," in an ",[15,51970,656],{}," statement, but ",[15,51973,41764],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[33,51976,1275],{"id":1274},[133,51978,51979,51983,51987,51991,51996,52000,52006],{},[136,51980,51981],{},[154,51982,50380],{"href":161},[136,51984,51985],{},[154,51986,50384],{"href":50383},[136,51988,51989],{},[154,51990,8553],{"href":8552},[136,51992,51993],{},[154,51994,51995],{"href":50950},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[136,51997,51998],{},[154,51999,7841],{"href":1687},[136,52001,52002],{},[154,52003,52005],{"href":52004},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[136,52007,52008],{},[154,52009,52010],{"href":51541},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1320,52012,52013],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":52015},[52016,52017,52018,52019,52020,52021,52022,52028,52029,52030,52031,52038],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":50183,"depth":72,"text":50184},{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":50527,"depth":72,"text":50528},{"id":50714,"depth":72,"text":50715},{"id":50954,"depth":72,"text":50955},{"id":40448,"depth":72,"text":40449,"children":52023},[52024,52025,52026,52027],{"id":51173,"depth":94,"text":51174},{"id":51227,"depth":94,"text":51228},{"id":51278,"depth":94,"text":51279},{"id":51359,"depth":94,"text":51360},{"id":51431,"depth":72,"text":51432},{"id":51545,"depth":72,"text":51546},{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":52032},[52033,52034,52035,52036,52037],{"id":51866,"depth":94,"text":51867},{"id":51873,"depth":94,"text":51874},{"id":51880,"depth":94,"text":51881},{"id":51887,"depth":94,"text":51888},{"id":51904,"depth":94,"text":51905},{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50066,"description":52039},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52046,"title":52047,"body":52048,"description":53733,"extension":1354,"meta":53734,"navigation":311,"path":53735,"seo":53736,"stem":53737,"__hash__":53738},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52049,"toc":53706},[52050,52053,52067,52073,52075,52129,52134,52138,52154,52157,52171,52177,52179,52182,52201,52217,52219,52295,52297,52334,52345,52347,52350,52411,52413,52446,52449,52455,52459,52462,52587,52589,52648,52656,52709,52711,52738,52744,52754,52758,52761,52766,52818,52820,52846,52852,52906,52908,52933,52936,52960,52966,52968,52972,52974,53031,53033,53041,53043,53065,53067,53120,53122,53146,53150,53152,53191,53193,53201,53207,53211,53263,53265,53291,53299,53303,53308,53317,53319,53385,53387,53419,53423,53428,53430,53444,53447,53520,53522,53548,53550,53554,53561,53565,53572,53576,53579,53581,53634,53636,53662,53666,53675,53677,53703],[10,52051,52047],{"id":52052},"python-list-append-method",[20,52054,1371,52055,52058,52059,52062,52063,52066],{},[15,52056,52057],{},"append()"," method adds ",[121,52060,52061],{},"one item"," to the ",[121,52064,52065],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52068,52069,52070,52072],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[121,52071,123],{}," create a new list.",[33,52074,3002],{"id":3001},[38,52076,52078],{"className":40,"code":52077,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52079,52080,52100,52114,52124],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52081,52082,52084,52086,52088,52090,52092,52094,52096,52098],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52083,3012],{"class":53},[47,52085,58],{"class":57},[47,52087,3017],{"class":83},[47,52089,2377],{"class":586},[47,52091,590],{"class":83},[47,52093,2382],{"class":586},[47,52095,590],{"class":83},[47,52097,1841],{"class":586},[47,52099,3030],{"class":83},[47,52101,52102,52104,52106,52108,52110,52112],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,52103,3044],{"class":53},[47,52105,84],{"class":83},[47,52107,12954],{"class":87},[47,52109,101],{"class":83},[47,52111,1896],{"class":586},[47,52113,107],{"class":83},[47,52115,52116,52118,52120,52122],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,52117,98],{"class":97},[47,52119,101],{"class":83},[47,52121,3044],{"class":87},[47,52123,107],{"class":83},[47,52125,52126],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,52127,52128],{"class":113},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52130,1486,52131,52133],{},[15,52132,52057],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[33,52135,52137],{"id":52136},"what-append-does","What append() does",[133,52139,52140,52145,52148,52151],{},[136,52141,52142,52144],{},[15,52143,52057],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[136,52146,52147],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[136,52149,52150],{},"It does not create a new list",[136,52152,52153],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52155,52156],{},"This means you can append:",[133,52158,52159,52161,52163,52165,52167,52169],{},[136,52160,3044],{},[136,52162,4708],{},[136,52164,39997],{},[136,52166,4699],{},[136,52168,6650],{},[136,52170,34066],{},[20,52172,52173,52174,84],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[154,52175,52176],{"href":50383},"Python lists explained for beginners",[33,52178,4831],{"id":4830},[20,52180,52181],{},"Basic form:",[38,52183,52185],{"className":40,"code":52184,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52186,52187],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52188,52189,52191,52193,52195,52197,52199],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52190,7737],{"class":53},[47,52192,84],{"class":83},[47,52194,12954],{"class":87},[47,52196,101],{"class":83},[47,52198,22713],{"class":87},[47,52200,107],{"class":83},[133,52202,52203,52208,52213],{},[136,52204,52205,52207],{},[15,52206,7737],{}," is the list you want to change",[136,52209,52210,52212],{},[15,52211,22713],{}," is the value or object to add",[136,52214,11310,52215],{},[15,52216,3174],{},[20,52218,538],{},[38,52220,52222],{"className":40,"code":52221,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52223,52224,52248,52271,52275,52285],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52225,52226,52228,52230,52232,52234,52236,52238,52240,52242,52244,52246],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52227,35643],{"class":53},[47,52229,58],{"class":57},[47,52231,3017],{"class":83},[47,52233,253],{"class":61},[47,52235,3475],{"class":65},[47,52237,253],{"class":61},[47,52239,590],{"class":83},[47,52241,62],{"class":61},[47,52243,288],{"class":65},[47,52245,253],{"class":61},[47,52247,3030],{"class":83},[47,52249,52250,52252,52254,52257,52259,52261,52263,52265,52267,52269],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,52251,75],{"class":53},[47,52253,58],{"class":57},[47,52255,52256],{"class":53}," fruits",[47,52258,84],{"class":83},[47,52260,12954],{"class":87},[47,52262,101],{"class":83},[47,52264,253],{"class":61},[47,52266,32627],{"class":65},[47,52268,253],{"class":61},[47,52270,107],{"class":83},[47,52272,52273],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,52274,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,52276,52277,52279,52281,52283],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,52278,98],{"class":97},[47,52280,101],{"class":83},[47,52282,35695],{"class":87},[47,52284,107],{"class":83},[47,52286,52287,52289,52291,52293],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,52288,98],{"class":97},[47,52290,101],{"class":83},[47,52292,104],{"class":87},[47,52294,107],{"class":83},[20,52296,338],{},[38,52298,52300],{"className":40,"code":52299,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52301,52302,52330],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52303,52304,52306,52308,52310,52312,52314,52316,52318,52320,52322,52324,52326,52328],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52305,3296],{"class":83},[47,52307,2693],{"class":61},[47,52309,3475],{"class":65},[47,52311,2693],{"class":61},[47,52313,590],{"class":83},[47,52315,2688],{"class":61},[47,52317,288],{"class":65},[47,52319,2693],{"class":61},[47,52321,590],{"class":83},[47,52323,2688],{"class":61},[47,52325,32627],{"class":65},[47,52327,2693],{"class":61},[47,52329,3030],{"class":83},[47,52331,52332],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,52333,11207],{"class":1271},[20,52335,52336,52337,52339,52340,52342,52343,84],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,52338,52057],{}," updates ",[15,52341,35695],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,52344,3174],{},[33,52346,268],{"id":267},[20,52348,52349],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[38,52351,52353],{"className":40,"code":52352,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,52354,52355,52379,52397,52401],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52356,52357,52359,52361,52363,52365,52367,52369,52371,52373,52375,52377],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52358,12476],{"class":53},[47,52360,58],{"class":57},[47,52362,3017],{"class":83},[47,52364,253],{"class":61},[47,52366,12493],{"class":65},[47,52368,253],{"class":61},[47,52370,590],{"class":83},[47,52372,62],{"class":61},[47,52374,12510],{"class":65},[47,52376,253],{"class":61},[47,52378,3030],{"class":83},[47,52380,52381,52383,52385,52387,52389,52391,52393,52395],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,52382,16905],{"class":53},[47,52384,84],{"class":83},[47,52386,12954],{"class":87},[47,52388,101],{"class":83},[47,52390,253],{"class":61},[47,52392,16858],{"class":65},[47,52394,253],{"class":61},[47,52396,107],{"class":83},[47,52398,52399],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,52400,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,52402,52403,52405,52407,52409],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,52404,98],{"class":97},[47,52406,101],{"class":83},[47,52408,16905],{"class":87},[47,52410,107],{"class":83},[20,52412,338],{},[38,52414,52416],{"className":40,"code":52415,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,52417,52418],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52419,52420,52422,52424,52426,52428,52430,52432,52434,52436,52438,52440,52442,52444],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52421,3296],{"class":83},[47,52423,2693],{"class":61},[47,52425,12493],{"class":65},[47,52427,2693],{"class":61},[47,52429,590],{"class":83},[47,52431,2688],{"class":61},[47,52433,12510],{"class":65},[47,52435,2693],{"class":61},[47,52437,590],{"class":83},[47,52439,2688],{"class":61},[47,52441,16858],{"class":65},[47,52443,2693],{"class":61},[47,52445,3030],{"class":83},[20,52447,52448],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,52450,30488,52451,84],{},[154,52452,52454],{"href":52453},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[33,52456,52458],{"id":52457},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,52460,52461],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[38,52463,52465],{"className":40,"code":52464,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52466,52467,52475,52479,52493,52511,52525,52551,52573,52577],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52468,52469,52471,52473],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52470,7178],{"class":53},[47,52472,58],{"class":57},[47,52474,7238],{"class":83},[47,52476,52477],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,52478,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,52480,52481,52483,52485,52487,52489,52491],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,52482,7209],{"class":53},[47,52484,84],{"class":83},[47,52486,12954],{"class":87},[47,52488,101],{"class":83},[47,52490,1719],{"class":586},[47,52492,107],{"class":83},[47,52494,52495,52497,52499,52501,52503,52505,52507,52509],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,52496,7209],{"class":53},[47,52498,84],{"class":83},[47,52500,12954],{"class":87},[47,52502,101],{"class":83},[47,52504,253],{"class":61},[47,52506,256],{"class":65},[47,52508,253],{"class":61},[47,52510,107],{"class":83},[47,52512,52513,52515,52517,52519,52521,52523],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,52514,7209],{"class":53},[47,52516,84],{"class":83},[47,52518,12954],{"class":87},[47,52520,101],{"class":83},[47,52522,2997],{"class":1271},[47,52524,107],{"class":83},[47,52526,52527,52529,52531,52533,52535,52537,52539,52541,52543,52545,52547,52549],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,52528,7209],{"class":53},[47,52530,84],{"class":83},[47,52532,12954],{"class":87},[47,52534,4930],{"class":83},[47,52536,253],{"class":61},[47,52538,229],{"class":65},[47,52540,253],{"class":61},[47,52542,1032],{"class":83},[47,52544,62],{"class":61},[47,52546,7075],{"class":65},[47,52548,253],{"class":61},[47,52550,29901],{"class":83},[47,52552,52553,52555,52557,52559,52561,52563,52565,52567,52569,52571],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,52554,7209],{"class":53},[47,52556,84],{"class":83},[47,52558,12954],{"class":87},[47,52560,2374],{"class":83},[47,52562,2377],{"class":586},[47,52564,590],{"class":83},[47,52566,2382],{"class":586},[47,52568,590],{"class":83},[47,52570,1841],{"class":586},[47,52572,3284],{"class":83},[47,52574,52575],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,52576,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,52578,52579,52581,52583,52585],{"class":49,"line":5831},[47,52580,98],{"class":97},[47,52582,101],{"class":83},[47,52584,7209],{"class":87},[47,52586,107],{"class":83},[20,52588,338],{},[38,52590,52592],{"className":40,"code":52591,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,52593,52594],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52595,52596,52598,52600,52602,52604,52606,52608,52610,52612,52614,52616,52618,52620,52622,52624,52626,52628,52630,52633,52635,52637,52639,52641,52643,52645],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52597,3296],{"class":83},[47,52599,1719],{"class":586},[47,52601,590],{"class":83},[47,52603,2688],{"class":61},[47,52605,256],{"class":65},[47,52607,2693],{"class":61},[47,52609,590],{"class":83},[47,52611,3312],{"class":1271},[47,52613,590],{"class":83},[47,52615,9890],{"class":83},[47,52617,2693],{"class":61},[47,52619,229],{"class":65},[47,52621,2693],{"class":61},[47,52623,1032],{"class":83},[47,52625,2688],{"class":61},[47,52627,7075],{"class":65},[47,52629,2693],{"class":61},[47,52631,52632],{"class":83},"},",[47,52634,3017],{"class":83},[47,52636,2377],{"class":586},[47,52638,590],{"class":83},[47,52640,2382],{"class":586},[47,52642,590],{"class":83},[47,52644,1841],{"class":586},[47,52646,52647],{"class":83},"]]\n",[20,52649,52650,52651,41558,52653,84],{},"A list added with ",[15,52652,52057],{},[121,52654,52655],{},"one single item",[38,52657,52659],{"className":40,"code":52658,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,52660,52661,52677,52695,52699],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52662,52663,52665,52667,52669,52671,52673,52675],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52664,3012],{"class":53},[47,52666,58],{"class":57},[47,52668,3017],{"class":83},[47,52670,2377],{"class":586},[47,52672,590],{"class":83},[47,52674,2382],{"class":586},[47,52676,3030],{"class":83},[47,52678,52679,52681,52683,52685,52687,52689,52691,52693],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,52680,3044],{"class":53},[47,52682,84],{"class":83},[47,52684,12954],{"class":87},[47,52686,2374],{"class":83},[47,52688,1455],{"class":586},[47,52690,590],{"class":83},[47,52692,1847],{"class":586},[47,52694,3284],{"class":83},[47,52696,52697],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,52698,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,52700,52701,52703,52705,52707],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,52702,98],{"class":97},[47,52704,101],{"class":83},[47,52706,3044],{"class":87},[47,52708,107],{"class":83},[20,52710,338],{},[38,52712,52714],{"className":40,"code":52713,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,52715,52716],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52717,52718,52720,52722,52724,52726,52728,52730,52732,52734,52736],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52719,3296],{"class":83},[47,52721,2377],{"class":586},[47,52723,590],{"class":83},[47,52725,2382],{"class":586},[47,52727,590],{"class":83},[47,52729,3017],{"class":83},[47,52731,1455],{"class":586},[47,52733,590],{"class":83},[47,52735,1847],{"class":586},[47,52737,52647],{"class":83},[20,52739,1674,52740,52743],{},[15,52741,52742],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,52745,52746,52747,52753],{},"This is different from ",[154,52748,52750],{"href":52749},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,52751,52752],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[33,52755,52757],{"id":52756},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,52759,52760],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[724,52762,7816,52764],{"id":52763},"using-append",[15,52765,52057],{},[38,52767,52768],{"className":40,"code":52658,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,52769,52770,52786,52804,52808],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52771,52772,52774,52776,52778,52780,52782,52784],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52773,3012],{"class":53},[47,52775,58],{"class":57},[47,52777,3017],{"class":83},[47,52779,2377],{"class":586},[47,52781,590],{"class":83},[47,52783,2382],{"class":586},[47,52785,3030],{"class":83},[47,52787,52788,52790,52792,52794,52796,52798,52800,52802],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,52789,3044],{"class":53},[47,52791,84],{"class":83},[47,52793,12954],{"class":87},[47,52795,2374],{"class":83},[47,52797,1455],{"class":586},[47,52799,590],{"class":83},[47,52801,1847],{"class":586},[47,52803,3284],{"class":83},[47,52805,52806],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,52807,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,52809,52810,52812,52814,52816],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,52811,98],{"class":97},[47,52813,101],{"class":83},[47,52815,3044],{"class":87},[47,52817,107],{"class":83},[20,52819,338],{},[38,52821,52822],{"className":40,"code":52713,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,52823,52824],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52825,52826,52828,52830,52832,52834,52836,52838,52840,52842,52844],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52827,3296],{"class":83},[47,52829,2377],{"class":586},[47,52831,590],{"class":83},[47,52833,2382],{"class":586},[47,52835,590],{"class":83},[47,52837,3017],{"class":83},[47,52839,1455],{"class":586},[47,52841,590],{"class":83},[47,52843,1847],{"class":586},[47,52845,52647],{"class":83},[724,52847,7816,52849],{"id":52848},"using-extend",[15,52850,52851],{},"extend()",[38,52853,52855],{"className":40,"code":52854,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,52856,52857,52873,52892,52896],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52858,52859,52861,52863,52865,52867,52869,52871],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52860,3012],{"class":53},[47,52862,58],{"class":57},[47,52864,3017],{"class":83},[47,52866,2377],{"class":586},[47,52868,590],{"class":83},[47,52870,2382],{"class":586},[47,52872,3030],{"class":83},[47,52874,52875,52877,52879,52882,52884,52886,52888,52890],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,52876,3044],{"class":53},[47,52878,84],{"class":83},[47,52880,52881],{"class":87},"extend",[47,52883,2374],{"class":83},[47,52885,1455],{"class":586},[47,52887,590],{"class":83},[47,52889,1847],{"class":586},[47,52891,3284],{"class":83},[47,52893,52894],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,52895,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,52897,52898,52900,52902,52904],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,52899,98],{"class":97},[47,52901,101],{"class":83},[47,52903,3044],{"class":87},[47,52905,107],{"class":83},[20,52907,338],{},[38,52909,52911],{"className":40,"code":52910,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52912,52913],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52914,52915,52917,52919,52921,52923,52925,52927,52929,52931],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52916,3296],{"class":83},[47,52918,2377],{"class":586},[47,52920,590],{"class":83},[47,52922,2382],{"class":586},[47,52924,590],{"class":83},[47,52926,1841],{"class":586},[47,52928,590],{"class":83},[47,52930,1847],{"class":586},[47,52932,3030],{"class":83},[20,52934,52935],{},"The difference:",[133,52937,52938,52944,52950,52955],{},[136,52939,52940,52943],{},[15,52941,52942],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[136,52945,52946,52949],{},[15,52947,52948],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[136,52951,1486,52952,52954],{},[15,52953,52057],{}," for one item",[136,52956,1486,52957,52959],{},[15,52958,52851],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,52961,52962,52963,84],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[154,52964,52965],{"href":52749},"Python list extend() method",[33,52967,3915],{"id":3914},[724,52969,52971],{"id":52970},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,52973,25094],{},[38,52975,52977],{"className":40,"code":52976,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52978,52979,52999,53017,53021],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52980,52981,52983,52985,52987,52989,52991,52993,52995,52997],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52982,7178],{"class":53},[47,52984,58],{"class":57},[47,52986,3017],{"class":83},[47,52988,2377],{"class":586},[47,52990,590],{"class":83},[47,52992,2382],{"class":586},[47,52994,590],{"class":83},[47,52996,1841],{"class":586},[47,52998,3030],{"class":83},[47,53000,53001,53003,53005,53007,53009,53011,53013,53015],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,53002,7178],{"class":53},[47,53004,58],{"class":57},[47,53006,5367],{"class":53},[47,53008,84],{"class":83},[47,53010,12954],{"class":87},[47,53012,101],{"class":83},[47,53014,1896],{"class":586},[47,53016,107],{"class":83},[47,53018,53019],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,53020,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,53022,53023,53025,53027,53029],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,53024,98],{"class":97},[47,53026,101],{"class":83},[47,53028,7209],{"class":87},[47,53030,107],{"class":83},[20,53032,338],{},[38,53034,53035],{"className":40,"code":11207,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,53036,53037],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53038,53039],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53040,11207],{"class":1271},[20,53042,11299],{},[133,53044,53045,53050,53056],{},[136,53046,53047,53049],{},[15,53048,52057],{}," changes the list in place",[136,53051,53052,1786,53054],{},[15,53053,52057],{},[15,53055,3174],{},[136,53057,53058,53059,53062,53063],{},"So ",[15,53060,53061],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53064,3174],{},[20,53066,10207],{},[38,53068,53070],{"className":40,"code":53069,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53071,53072,53092,53106,53110],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53073,53074,53076,53078,53080,53082,53084,53086,53088,53090],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53075,7178],{"class":53},[47,53077,58],{"class":57},[47,53079,3017],{"class":83},[47,53081,2377],{"class":586},[47,53083,590],{"class":83},[47,53085,2382],{"class":586},[47,53087,590],{"class":83},[47,53089,1841],{"class":586},[47,53091,3030],{"class":83},[47,53093,53094,53096,53098,53100,53102,53104],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,53095,7209],{"class":53},[47,53097,84],{"class":83},[47,53099,12954],{"class":87},[47,53101,101],{"class":83},[47,53103,1896],{"class":586},[47,53105,107],{"class":83},[47,53107,53108],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,53109,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,53111,53112,53114,53116,53118],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,53113,98],{"class":97},[47,53115,101],{"class":83},[47,53117,7209],{"class":87},[47,53119,107],{"class":83},[20,53121,338],{},[38,53123,53124],{"className":40,"code":52910,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,53125,53126],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53127,53128,53130,53132,53134,53136,53138,53140,53142,53144],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53129,3296],{"class":83},[47,53131,2377],{"class":586},[47,53133,590],{"class":83},[47,53135,2382],{"class":586},[47,53137,590],{"class":83},[47,53139,1841],{"class":586},[47,53141,590],{"class":83},[47,53143,1847],{"class":586},[47,53145,3030],{"class":83},[724,53147,53149],{"id":53148},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53151,18315],{},[38,53153,53155],{"className":40,"code":53154,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53156,53157,53181],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53158,53159,53161,53163,53165,53167,53169,53171,53173,53175,53177,53179],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53160,31288],{"class":53},[47,53162,58],{"class":57},[47,53164,3017],{"class":83},[47,53166,2377],{"class":586},[47,53168,590],{"class":83},[47,53170,2382],{"class":586},[47,53172,12951],{"class":83},[47,53174,12954],{"class":87},[47,53176,101],{"class":83},[47,53178,1455],{"class":586},[47,53180,107],{"class":83},[47,53182,53183,53185,53187,53189],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,53184,98],{"class":97},[47,53186,101],{"class":83},[47,53188,31307],{"class":87},[47,53190,107],{"class":83},[20,53192,338],{},[38,53194,53195],{"className":40,"code":11207,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,53196,53197],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53198,53199],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53200,11207],{"class":1271},[20,53202,53203,53204,53206],{},"Remember: ",[15,53205,52057],{}," updates the list you already have.",[724,53208,53210],{"id":53209},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[38,53212,53213],{"className":40,"code":52658,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,53214,53215,53231,53249,53253],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53216,53217,53219,53221,53223,53225,53227,53229],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53218,3012],{"class":53},[47,53220,58],{"class":57},[47,53222,3017],{"class":83},[47,53224,2377],{"class":586},[47,53226,590],{"class":83},[47,53228,2382],{"class":586},[47,53230,3030],{"class":83},[47,53232,53233,53235,53237,53239,53241,53243,53245,53247],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,53234,3044],{"class":53},[47,53236,84],{"class":83},[47,53238,12954],{"class":87},[47,53240,2374],{"class":83},[47,53242,1455],{"class":586},[47,53244,590],{"class":83},[47,53246,1847],{"class":586},[47,53248,3284],{"class":83},[47,53250,53251],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,53252,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,53254,53255,53257,53259,53261],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,53256,98],{"class":97},[47,53258,101],{"class":83},[47,53260,3044],{"class":87},[47,53262,107],{"class":83},[20,53264,338],{},[38,53266,53267],{"className":40,"code":52713,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,53268,53269],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53270,53271,53273,53275,53277,53279,53281,53283,53285,53287,53289],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53272,3296],{"class":83},[47,53274,2377],{"class":586},[47,53276,590],{"class":83},[47,53278,2382],{"class":586},[47,53280,590],{"class":83},[47,53282,3017],{"class":83},[47,53284,1455],{"class":586},[47,53286,590],{"class":83},[47,53288,1847],{"class":586},[47,53290,52647],{"class":83},[20,53292,2560,53293,53296,53297,6031],{},[15,53294,53295],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53298,52851],{},[724,53300,53302],{"id":53301},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53304,53305,53307],{},[15,53306,52057],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53309,53310,53311,84],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[154,53312,53314],{"href":53313},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53315,53316],{},"list.insert()",[20,53318,538],{},[38,53320,53322],{"className":40,"code":53321,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53323,53324,53348,53371,53375],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53325,53326,53328,53330,53332,53334,53336,53338,53340,53342,53344,53346],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53327,35494],{"class":53},[47,53329,58],{"class":57},[47,53331,3017],{"class":83},[47,53333,253],{"class":61},[47,53335,154],{"class":65},[47,53337,253],{"class":61},[47,53339,590],{"class":83},[47,53341,62],{"class":61},[47,53343,9138],{"class":65},[47,53345,253],{"class":61},[47,53347,3030],{"class":83},[47,53349,53350,53352,53354,53357,53359,53361,53363,53365,53367,53369],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,53351,35547],{"class":53},[47,53353,84],{"class":83},[47,53355,53356],{"class":87},"insert",[47,53358,101],{"class":83},[47,53360,2377],{"class":586},[47,53362,590],{"class":83},[47,53364,62],{"class":61},[47,53366,4158],{"class":65},[47,53368,253],{"class":61},[47,53370,107],{"class":83},[47,53372,53373],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,53374,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,53376,53377,53379,53381,53383],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,53378,98],{"class":97},[47,53380,101],{"class":83},[47,53382,35547],{"class":87},[47,53384,107],{"class":83},[20,53386,338],{},[38,53388,53389],{"className":40,"code":42278,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,53390,53391],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53392,53393,53395,53397,53399,53401,53403,53405,53407,53409,53411,53413,53415,53417],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53394,3296],{"class":83},[47,53396,2693],{"class":61},[47,53398,154],{"class":65},[47,53400,2693],{"class":61},[47,53402,590],{"class":83},[47,53404,2688],{"class":61},[47,53406,4158],{"class":65},[47,53408,2693],{"class":61},[47,53410,590],{"class":83},[47,53412,2688],{"class":61},[47,53414,9138],{"class":65},[47,53416,2693],{"class":61},[47,53418,3030],{"class":83},[33,53420,53422],{"id":53421},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,53424,53425,53427],{},[15,53426,52057],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,53429,35830],{},[133,53431,53432,53435,53438,53441],{},[136,53433,53434],{},"building a list in a loop",[136,53436,53437],{},"collecting user input",[136,53439,53440],{},"storing results step by step",[136,53442,53443],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,53445,53446],{},"Example with a loop:",[38,53448,53450],{"className":40,"code":53449,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,53451,53452,53461,53465,53486,53505,53509],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53453,53454,53457,53459],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53455,53456],{"class":53},"squares ",[47,53458,58],{"class":57},[47,53460,7238],{"class":83},[47,53462,53463],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,53464,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,53466,53467,53469,53471,53473,53476,53478,53480,53482,53484],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,53468,5359],{"class":655},[47,53470,5787],{"class":53},[47,53472,3278],{"class":655},[47,53474,53475],{"class":97}," range",[47,53477,101],{"class":83},[47,53479,2377],{"class":586},[47,53481,590],{"class":83},[47,53483,4002],{"class":586},[47,53485,7740],{"class":83},[47,53487,53488,53491,53493,53495,53497,53499,53501,53503],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,53489,53490],{"class":53},"    squares",[47,53492,84],{"class":83},[47,53494,12954],{"class":87},[47,53496,101],{"class":83},[47,53498,864],{"class":87},[47,53500,39275],{"class":57},[47,53502,1588],{"class":87},[47,53504,107],{"class":83},[47,53506,53507],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,53508,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,53510,53511,53513,53515,53518],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,53512,98],{"class":97},[47,53514,101],{"class":83},[47,53516,53517],{"class":87},"squares",[47,53519,107],{"class":83},[20,53521,338],{},[38,53523,53525],{"className":40,"code":53524,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,53526,53527],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53528,53529,53531,53533,53535,53537,53539,53542,53544,53546],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53530,3296],{"class":83},[47,53532,2377],{"class":586},[47,53534,590],{"class":83},[47,53536,1847],{"class":586},[47,53538,590],{"class":83},[47,53540,53541],{"class":586}," 9",[47,53543,590],{"class":83},[47,53545,13389],{"class":586},[47,53547,3030],{"class":83},[33,53549,1155],{"id":1154},[724,53551,53553],{"id":53552},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,53555,45769,53556,53558,53559,84],{},[15,53557,52057],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,53560,3174],{},[724,53562,53564],{"id":53563},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,53566,53567,53568,84],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[154,53569,53570],{"href":52749},[15,53571,52851],{},[724,53573,53575],{"id":53574},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,53577,53578],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,53580,538],{},[38,53582,53584],{"className":40,"code":53583,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,53585,53586,53602,53620,53624],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53587,53588,53590,53592,53594,53596,53598,53600],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53589,8563],{"class":53},[47,53591,58],{"class":57},[47,53593,3017],{"class":83},[47,53595,2377],{"class":586},[47,53597,590],{"class":83},[47,53599,2382],{"class":586},[47,53601,3030],{"class":83},[47,53603,53604,53606,53608,53610,53612,53614,53616,53618],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,53605,8602],{"class":53},[47,53607,84],{"class":83},[47,53609,12954],{"class":87},[47,53611,2374],{"class":83},[47,53613,1455],{"class":586},[47,53615,590],{"class":83},[47,53617,1847],{"class":586},[47,53619,3284],{"class":83},[47,53621,53622],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,53623,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,53625,53626,53628,53630,53632],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,53627,98],{"class":97},[47,53629,101],{"class":83},[47,53631,8602],{"class":87},[47,53633,107],{"class":83},[20,53635,338],{},[38,53637,53638],{"className":40,"code":52713,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,53639,53640],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53641,53642,53644,53646,53648,53650,53652,53654,53656,53658,53660],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53643,3296],{"class":83},[47,53645,2377],{"class":586},[47,53647,590],{"class":83},[47,53649,2382],{"class":586},[47,53651,590],{"class":83},[47,53653,3017],{"class":83},[47,53655,1455],{"class":586},[47,53657,590],{"class":83},[47,53659,1847],{"class":586},[47,53661,52647],{"class":83},[724,53663,53665],{"id":53664},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,53667,53668,53670,53671,53674],{},[15,53669,52057],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,53672,53673],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[33,53676,1275],{"id":1274},[133,53678,53679,53684,53688,53693,53697],{},[136,53680,53681],{},[154,53682,53683],{"href":52453},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[136,53685,53686],{},[154,53687,52965],{"href":52749},[136,53689,53690],{},[154,53691,53692],{"href":53313},"Python list insert() method",[136,53694,53695],{},[154,53696,52176],{"href":50383},[136,53698,53699],{},[154,53700,53702],{"href":53701},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1320,53704,53705],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":53707},[53708,53709,53710,53711,53712,53713,53719,53725,53726,53732],{"id":3001,"depth":72,"text":3002},{"id":52136,"depth":72,"text":52137},{"id":4830,"depth":72,"text":4831},{"id":267,"depth":72,"text":268},{"id":52457,"depth":72,"text":52458},{"id":52756,"depth":72,"text":52757,"children":53714},[53715,53717],{"id":52763,"depth":94,"text":53716},"Using append()",{"id":52848,"depth":94,"text":53718},"Using extend()",{"id":3914,"depth":72,"text":3915,"children":53720},[53721,53722,53723,53724],{"id":52970,"depth":94,"text":52971},{"id":53148,"depth":94,"text":53149},{"id":53209,"depth":94,"text":53210},{"id":53301,"depth":94,"text":53302},{"id":53421,"depth":72,"text":53422},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":53727},[53728,53729,53730,53731],{"id":53552,"depth":94,"text":53553},{"id":53563,"depth":94,"text":53564},{"id":53574,"depth":94,"text":53575},{"id":53664,"depth":94,"text":53665},{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52047,"description":53733},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":53740,"title":53741,"body":53742,"description":54986,"extension":1354,"meta":54987,"navigation":311,"path":54988,"seo":54989,"stem":54990,"__hash__":54991},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":53743,"toc":54951},[53744,53750,53756,53762,53764,53812,53817,53822,53826,53842,53848,53850,53853,53868,53870,53881,53883,53885,53942,53944,53952,53954,53970,53976,53978,53984,53988,54072,54075,54124,54131,54139,54142,54156,54169,54175,54250,54257,54264,54338,54346,54349,54360,54369,54373,54377,54388,54390,54467,54488,54490,54500,54503,54551,54553,54574,54577,54579,54630,54636,54643,54710,54716,54722,54725,54752,54757,54763,54766,54838,54841,54852,54858,54860,54866,54869,54875,54881,54888,54896,54902,54908,54910,54948],[10,53745,53747,53748,18],{"id":53746},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,53749,10722],{},[20,53751,53752,53755],{},[15,53753,53754],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,53757,53758,53759,53761],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[121,53760,10734],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[33,53763,3002],{"id":3001},[38,53765,53767],{"className":40,"code":53766,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,53768,53769,53789,53799],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53770,53771,53773,53775,53777,53779,53781,53783,53785,53787],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53772,7178],{"class":53},[47,53774,58],{"class":57},[47,53776,3017],{"class":83},[47,53778,2377],{"class":586},[47,53780,590],{"class":83},[47,53782,2382],{"class":586},[47,53784,590],{"class":83},[47,53786,1841],{"class":586},[47,53788,3030],{"class":83},[47,53790,53791,53793,53795,53797],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,53792,7209],{"class":53},[47,53794,84],{"class":83},[47,53796,10783],{"class":87},[47,53798,91],{"class":83},[47,53800,53801,53803,53805,53807,53809],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,53802,98],{"class":97},[47,53804,101],{"class":83},[47,53806,7209],{"class":87},[47,53808,3057],{"class":83},[47,53810,53811],{"class":113},"  # []\n",[20,53813,1486,53814,53816],{},[15,53815,10722],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[33,53818,128,53820,131],{"id":53819},"what-listclear-does",[15,53821,53754],{},[20,53823,53824,1032],{},[15,53825,53754],{},[133,53827,53828,53831,53834,53839],{},[136,53829,53830],{},"Removes every item from a list",[136,53832,53833],{},"Changes the original list in place",[136,53835,53836,53837],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,53838,3183],{},[136,53840,53841],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,53843,53844,53845,53847],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,53846,10722],{},", but it contains no values.",[33,53849,166],{"id":165},[20,53851,53852],{},"Syntax:",[38,53854,53856],{"className":40,"code":53855,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,53857,53858],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53859,53860,53862,53864,53866],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53861,7737],{"class":53},[47,53863,84],{"class":83},[47,53865,10783],{"class":87},[47,53867,91],{"class":83},[20,53869,188],{},[133,53871,53872,53875,53878],{},[136,53873,53874],{},"Call it on a list object",[136,53876,53877],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[136,53879,53880],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[33,53882,268],{"id":267},[20,53884,10876],{},[38,53886,53888],{"className":40,"code":53887,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53889,53890,53914,53918,53928,53932],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53891,53892,53894,53896,53898,53900,53902,53904,53906,53908,53910,53912],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53893,3012],{"class":53},[47,53895,58],{"class":57},[47,53897,3017],{"class":83},[47,53899,1719],{"class":586},[47,53901,590],{"class":83},[47,53903,7189],{"class":586},[47,53905,590],{"class":83},[47,53907,7194],{"class":586},[47,53909,590],{"class":83},[47,53911,50248],{"class":586},[47,53913,3030],{"class":83},[47,53915,53916],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,53917,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,53919,53920,53922,53924,53926],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,53921,3044],{"class":53},[47,53923,84],{"class":83},[47,53925,10783],{"class":87},[47,53927,91],{"class":83},[47,53929,53930],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,53931,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,53933,53934,53936,53938,53940],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,53935,98],{"class":97},[47,53937,101],{"class":83},[47,53939,3044],{"class":87},[47,53941,107],{"class":83},[20,53943,338],{},[38,53945,53946],{"className":40,"code":37702,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,53947,53948],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53949,53950],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53951,37702],{"class":83},[20,53953,11082],{},[133,53955,53956,53961,53967],{},[136,53957,53958,53960],{},[15,53959,3044],{}," starts with four items",[136,53962,53963,53966],{},[15,53964,53965],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[136,53968,53969],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,53971,53972,53973,84],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[154,53974,52176],{"href":53975},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[33,53977,16821],{"id":16820},[20,53979,53980,1786,53982,84],{},[15,53981,10722],{},[15,53983,3174],{},[20,53985,40309,53986,52072],{},[121,53987,123],{},[38,53989,53991],{"className":40,"code":53990,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,53992,53993,54025,54029,54043,54047,54060],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53994,53995,53997,53999,54001,54003,54005,54007,54009,54011,54013,54015,54017,54019,54021,54023],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53996,7178],{"class":53},[47,53998,58],{"class":57},[47,54000,3017],{"class":83},[47,54002,253],{"class":61},[47,54004,154],{"class":65},[47,54006,253],{"class":61},[47,54008,590],{"class":83},[47,54010,62],{"class":61},[47,54012,4158],{"class":65},[47,54014,253],{"class":61},[47,54016,590],{"class":83},[47,54018,62],{"class":61},[47,54020,9138],{"class":65},[47,54022,253],{"class":61},[47,54024,3030],{"class":83},[47,54026,54027],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,54028,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,54030,54031,54033,54035,54037,54039,54041],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,54032,75],{"class":53},[47,54034,58],{"class":57},[47,54036,5367],{"class":53},[47,54038,84],{"class":83},[47,54040,10783],{"class":87},[47,54042,91],{"class":83},[47,54044,54045],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,54046,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,54048,54049,54051,54053,54055,54057],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,54050,98],{"class":97},[47,54052,101],{"class":83},[47,54054,7209],{"class":87},[47,54056,3057],{"class":83},[47,54058,54059],{"class":113},"   # []\n",[47,54061,54062,54064,54066,54068,54070],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,54063,98],{"class":97},[47,54065,101],{"class":83},[47,54067,104],{"class":87},[47,54069,3057],{"class":83},[47,54071,20278],{"class":113},[20,54073,54074],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[38,54076,54078],{"className":40,"code":54077,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54079,54080,54100,54114],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54081,54082,54084,54086,54088,54090,54092,54094,54096,54098],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54083,7178],{"class":53},[47,54085,58],{"class":57},[47,54087,3017],{"class":83},[47,54089,2377],{"class":586},[47,54091,590],{"class":83},[47,54093,2382],{"class":586},[47,54095,590],{"class":83},[47,54097,1841],{"class":586},[47,54099,3030],{"class":83},[47,54101,54102,54104,54106,54108,54110,54112],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,54103,7178],{"class":53},[47,54105,58],{"class":57},[47,54107,5367],{"class":53},[47,54109,84],{"class":83},[47,54111,10783],{"class":87},[47,54113,91],{"class":83},[47,54115,54116,54118,54120,54122],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,54117,98],{"class":97},[47,54119,101],{"class":83},[47,54121,7209],{"class":87},[47,54123,107],{"class":83},[20,54125,11315,54126,41558,54128,54130],{},[15,54127,7209],{},[15,54129,3174],{},", not an empty list.",[33,54132,54134,54136,54137],{"id":54133},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54135,10722],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54138,3183],{},[20,54140,54141],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[38,54143,54144],{"className":40,"code":53855,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,54145,54146],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54147,54148,54150,54152,54154],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54149,7737],{"class":53},[47,54151,84],{"class":83},[47,54153,10783],{"class":87},[47,54155,91],{"class":83},[38,54157,54159],{"className":40,"code":54158,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = []\n",[15,54160,54161],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54162,54163,54165,54167],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54164,7706],{"class":53},[47,54166,58],{"class":57},[47,54168,7238],{"class":83},[724,54170,54172,54174],{"id":54171},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54173,10722],{}," empties the same list object",[38,54176,54178],{"className":40,"code":54177,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54179,54180,54200,54208,54212,54222,54226,54238],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54181,54182,54184,54186,54188,54190,54192,54194,54196,54198],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54183,1208],{"class":53},[47,54185,58],{"class":57},[47,54187,3017],{"class":83},[47,54189,2377],{"class":586},[47,54191,590],{"class":83},[47,54193,2382],{"class":586},[47,54195,590],{"class":83},[47,54197,1841],{"class":586},[47,54199,3030],{"class":83},[47,54201,54202,54204,54206],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,54203,1221],{"class":53},[47,54205,58],{"class":57},[47,54207,35579],{"class":53},[47,54209,54210],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,54211,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,54213,54214,54216,54218,54220],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,54215,154],{"class":53},[47,54217,84],{"class":83},[47,54219,10783],{"class":87},[47,54221,91],{"class":83},[47,54223,54224],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,54225,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,54227,54228,54230,54232,54234,54236],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,54229,98],{"class":97},[47,54231,101],{"class":83},[47,54233,154],{"class":87},[47,54235,3057],{"class":83},[47,54237,53811],{"class":113},[47,54239,54240,54242,54244,54246,54248],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,54241,98],{"class":97},[47,54243,101],{"class":83},[47,54245,4158],{"class":87},[47,54247,3057],{"class":83},[47,54249,53811],{"class":113},[20,54251,9990,54252,1063,54254,54256],{},[15,54253,154],{},[15,54255,4158],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[724,54258,54260,54263],{"id":54259},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54261,54262],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[38,54265,54267],{"className":40,"code":54266,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54268,54269,54289,54297,54301,54309,54313,54325],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54270,54271,54273,54275,54277,54279,54281,54283,54285,54287],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54272,1208],{"class":53},[47,54274,58],{"class":57},[47,54276,3017],{"class":83},[47,54278,2377],{"class":586},[47,54280,590],{"class":83},[47,54282,2382],{"class":586},[47,54284,590],{"class":83},[47,54286,1841],{"class":586},[47,54288,3030],{"class":83},[47,54290,54291,54293,54295],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,54292,1221],{"class":53},[47,54294,58],{"class":57},[47,54296,35579],{"class":53},[47,54298,54299],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,54300,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,54302,54303,54305,54307],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,54304,1208],{"class":53},[47,54306,58],{"class":57},[47,54308,7238],{"class":83},[47,54310,54311],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,54312,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,54314,54315,54317,54319,54321,54323],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,54316,98],{"class":97},[47,54318,101],{"class":83},[47,54320,154],{"class":87},[47,54322,3057],{"class":83},[47,54324,53811],{"class":113},[47,54326,54327,54329,54331,54333,54335],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,54328,98],{"class":97},[47,54330,101],{"class":83},[47,54332,4158],{"class":87},[47,54334,3057],{"class":83},[47,54336,54337],{"class":113},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,54339,20173,54340,54342,54343,54345],{},[15,54341,154],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,54344,4158],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,54347,54348],{},"This difference matters when:",[133,54350,54351,54354,54357],{},[136,54352,54353],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[136,54355,54356],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[136,54358,54359],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,54361,54362,54363,84],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[154,54364,54366,54367,1289],{"href":54365},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,54368,12176],{},[33,54370,603,54371],{"id":11837},[15,54372,10722],{},[20,54374,1486,54375,5718],{},[15,54376,10722],{},[133,54378,54379,54382,54385],{},[136,54380,54381],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[136,54383,54384],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[136,54386,54387],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,54389,538],{},[38,54391,54393],{"className":40,"code":54392,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,54394,54395,54431,54435,54440,54451,54455],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54396,54397,54400,54402,54404,54406,54409,54411,54413,54415,54418,54420,54422,54424,54427,54429],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54398,54399],{"class":53},"shopping_cart ",[47,54401,58],{"class":57},[47,54403,3017],{"class":83},[47,54405,253],{"class":61},[47,54407,54408],{"class":65},"milk",[47,54410,253],{"class":61},[47,54412,590],{"class":83},[47,54414,62],{"class":61},[47,54416,54417],{"class":65},"bread",[47,54419,253],{"class":61},[47,54421,590],{"class":83},[47,54423,62],{"class":61},[47,54425,54426],{"class":65},"eggs",[47,54428,253],{"class":61},[47,54430,3030],{"class":83},[47,54432,54433],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,54434,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,54436,54437],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,54438,54439],{"class":113},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[47,54441,54442,54445,54447,54449],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,54443,54444],{"class":53},"shopping_cart",[47,54446,84],{"class":83},[47,54448,10783],{"class":87},[47,54450,91],{"class":83},[47,54452,54453],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,54454,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,54456,54457,54459,54461,54463,54465],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,54458,98],{"class":97},[47,54460,101],{"class":83},[47,54462,54444],{"class":87},[47,54464,3057],{"class":83},[47,54466,53811],{"class":113},[20,54468,54469,54470,54474,54475,54481,54482,84],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[154,54471,54473],{"href":54472},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[154,54476,54478,1289],{"href":54477},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,54479,54480],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[154,54483,54485,1289],{"href":54484},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,54486,54487],{},"list.pop()",[33,54489,3915],{"id":3914},[724,54491,54493,54494,10492,54497],{"id":54492},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,54495,54496],{},"my_list.clear",[15,54498,54499],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,54501,54502],{},"This does not call the method.",[38,54504,54506],{"className":40,"code":54505,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,54507,54508,54528,54532,54541],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54509,54510,54512,54514,54516,54518,54520,54522,54524,54526],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54511,7178],{"class":53},[47,54513,58],{"class":57},[47,54515,3017],{"class":83},[47,54517,2377],{"class":586},[47,54519,590],{"class":83},[47,54521,2382],{"class":586},[47,54523,590],{"class":83},[47,54525,1841],{"class":586},[47,54527,3030],{"class":83},[47,54529,54530],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,54531,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,54533,54534,54536,54538],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,54535,7209],{"class":53},[47,54537,84],{"class":83},[47,54539,54540],{"class":24153},"clear\n",[47,54542,54543,54545,54547,54549],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,54544,98],{"class":97},[47,54546,101],{"class":83},[47,54548,7209],{"class":87},[47,54550,107],{"class":83},[20,54552,338],{},[38,54554,54556],{"className":40,"code":54555,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54557,54558],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54559,54560,54562,54564,54566,54568,54570,54572],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54561,3296],{"class":83},[47,54563,2377],{"class":586},[47,54565,590],{"class":83},[47,54567,2382],{"class":586},[47,54569,590],{"class":83},[47,54571,1841],{"class":586},[47,54573,3030],{"class":83},[20,54575,54576],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,54578,10207],{},[38,54580,54582],{"className":40,"code":54581,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54583,54584,54604,54608,54618],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54585,54586,54588,54590,54592,54594,54596,54598,54600,54602],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54587,7178],{"class":53},[47,54589,58],{"class":57},[47,54591,3017],{"class":83},[47,54593,2377],{"class":586},[47,54595,590],{"class":83},[47,54597,2382],{"class":586},[47,54599,590],{"class":83},[47,54601,1841],{"class":586},[47,54603,3030],{"class":83},[47,54605,54606],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,54607,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,54609,54610,54612,54614,54616],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,54611,7209],{"class":53},[47,54613,84],{"class":83},[47,54615,10783],{"class":87},[47,54617,91],{"class":83},[47,54619,54620,54622,54624,54626,54628],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,54621,98],{"class":97},[47,54623,101],{"class":83},[47,54625,7209],{"class":87},[47,54627,3057],{"class":83},[47,54629,53811],{"class":113},[724,54631,7852,54633,54635],{"id":54632},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,54634,10722],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,54637,54638,1786,54640,54642],{},[15,54639,10722],{},[15,54641,3174],{},", not the list.",[38,54644,54646],{"className":40,"code":54645,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,54647,54648,54668,54682,54686,54698],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54649,54650,54652,54654,54656,54658,54660,54662,54664,54666],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54651,7178],{"class":53},[47,54653,58],{"class":57},[47,54655,3017],{"class":83},[47,54657,2377],{"class":586},[47,54659,590],{"class":83},[47,54661,2382],{"class":586},[47,54663,590],{"class":83},[47,54665,1841],{"class":586},[47,54667,3030],{"class":83},[47,54669,54670,54672,54674,54676,54678,54680],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,54671,75],{"class":53},[47,54673,58],{"class":57},[47,54675,5367],{"class":53},[47,54677,84],{"class":83},[47,54679,10783],{"class":87},[47,54681,91],{"class":83},[47,54683,54684],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,54685,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,54687,54688,54690,54692,54694,54696],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,54689,98],{"class":97},[47,54691,101],{"class":83},[47,54693,104],{"class":87},[47,54695,3057],{"class":83},[47,54697,20278],{"class":113},[47,54699,54700,54702,54704,54706,54708],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,54701,98],{"class":97},[47,54703,101],{"class":83},[47,54705,7209],{"class":87},[47,54707,3057],{"class":83},[47,54709,54059],{"class":113},[724,54711,7816,54713,54715],{"id":54712},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,54714,10722],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,54717,54718,54719,54721],{},"Some types have a ",[15,54720,10722],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,54723,54724],{},"This will fail:",[38,54726,54728],{"className":40,"code":54727,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,54729,54730,54742],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54731,54732,54734,54736,54738,54740],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54733,54],{"class":53},[47,54735,58],{"class":57},[47,54737,62],{"class":61},[47,54739,256],{"class":65},[47,54741,69],{"class":61},[47,54743,54744,54746,54748,54750],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,54745,565],{"class":53},[47,54747,84],{"class":83},[47,54749,10783],{"class":87},[47,54751,91],{"class":83},[20,54753,54754,54755,894],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,54756,10722],{},[20,54758,54759,54760,54762],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,54761,3174],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,54764,54765],{},"Useful checks:",[38,54767,54769],{"className":40,"code":54768,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,54770,54771,54781,54795,54809,54818,54828],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54772,54773,54775,54777,54779],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54774,98],{"class":97},[47,54776,101],{"class":83},[47,54778,7737],{"class":87},[47,54780,107],{"class":83},[47,54782,54783,54785,54787,54789,54791,54793],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,54784,98],{"class":97},[47,54786,101],{"class":83},[47,54788,2613],{"class":919},[47,54790,101],{"class":83},[47,54792,7737],{"class":87},[47,54794,1419],{"class":83},[47,54796,54797,54799,54801,54803,54805,54807],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,54798,98],{"class":97},[47,54800,101],{"class":83},[47,54802,12049],{"class":97},[47,54804,101],{"class":83},[47,54806,7737],{"class":87},[47,54808,1419],{"class":83},[47,54810,54811,54813,54815],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,54812,42952],{"class":53},[47,54814,58],{"class":57},[47,54816,54817],{"class":53}," my_list\n",[47,54819,54820,54822,54824,54826],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,54821,7737],{"class":53},[47,54823,84],{"class":83},[47,54825,10783],{"class":87},[47,54827,91],{"class":83},[47,54829,54830,54832,54834,54836],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,54831,98],{"class":97},[47,54833,101],{"class":83},[47,54835,30148],{"class":87},[47,54837,107],{"class":83},[20,54839,54840],{},"These can help you see:",[133,54842,54843,54846,54849],{},[136,54844,54845],{},"What the variable currently contains",[136,54847,54848],{},"Whether it is really a list",[136,54850,54851],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,54853,54854,54855,84],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[154,54856,54857],{"href":53701},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[33,54859,1155],{"id":1154},[724,54861,1159,54863,54865],{"id":54862},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,54864,53754],{}," delete the list?",[20,54867,54868],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[724,54870,1159,54872,54874],{"id":54871},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,54873,53754],{}," return a new list?",[20,54876,54877,54878,54880],{},"No. It returns ",[15,54879,3174],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[724,54882,4578,54884,1063,54886,1883],{"id":54883},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,54885,10722],{},[15,54887,54262],{},[20,54889,54890,54892,54893,54895],{},[15,54891,10722],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,54894,54262],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[724,54897,1190,54899,54901],{"id":54898},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,54900,10722],{}," on other types?",[20,54903,54904,54905,54907],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,54906,10722],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[33,54909,1275],{"id":1274},[133,54911,54912,54916,54921,54928,54935,54941],{},[136,54913,54914],{},[154,54915,52176],{"href":53975},[136,54917,54918],{},[154,54919,54920],{"href":54472},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[136,54922,54923],{},[154,54924,54925,54926,1289],{"href":54484},"Python list ",[15,54927,12162],{},[136,54929,54930],{},[154,54931,54925,54932,1289],{"href":54477},[15,54933,54934],{},"remove()",[136,54936,54937],{},[154,54938,54925,54939,1289],{"href":54365},[15,54940,12176],{},[136,54942,54943],{},[154,54944,29752,54945,33039],{"href":53701},[15,54946,54947],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1320,54949,54950],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":54952},[54953,54954,54956,54957,54958,54959,54966,54967,54975,54985],{"id":3001,"depth":72,"text":3002},{"id":53819,"depth":72,"text":54955},"What list.clear() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":267,"depth":72,"text":268},{"id":16820,"depth":72,"text":16821},{"id":54133,"depth":72,"text":54960,"children":54961},"clear() vs assigning []",[54962,54964],{"id":54171,"depth":94,"text":54963},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54259,"depth":94,"text":54965},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":11837,"depth":72,"text":12208},{"id":3914,"depth":72,"text":3915,"children":54968},[54969,54971,54973],{"id":54492,"depth":94,"text":54970},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":54632,"depth":94,"text":54972},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":54712,"depth":94,"text":54974},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":54976},[54977,54979,54981,54983],{"id":54862,"depth":94,"text":54978},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":54871,"depth":94,"text":54980},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":54883,"depth":94,"text":54982},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":54898,"depth":94,"text":54984},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":53741,"description":54986},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":54993,"title":54994,"body":54995,"description":56680,"extension":1354,"meta":56681,"navigation":311,"path":56682,"seo":56683,"stem":56684,"__hash__":56685},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":54996,"toc":56648},[54997,55002,55008,55016,55018,55107,55114,55119,55123,55137,55139,55216,55218,55279,55282,55284,55286,55307,55310,55324,55327,55372,55374,55382,55385,55391,55397,55400,55477,55479,55524,55527,55532,55615,55617,55658,55663,55667,55673,55675,55683,55686,55779,55781,55839,55842,55858,55863,55873,55878,55880,55885,55890,55893,55895,55952,55955,56008,56014,56019,56023,56040,56042,56126,56128,56169,56177,56179,56184,56190,56192,56255,56260,56330,56334,56369,56372,56374,56413,56417,56493,56499,56505,56510,56532,56535,56554,56562,56564,56570,56573,56580,56588,56593,56596,56600,56606,56614,56617,56619,56645],[10,54998,53747,55000,18],{"id":54999},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55001,12176],{},[20,55003,55004,55007],{},[15,55005,55006],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55009,55010,55011,13455,55013,55015],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55012,58],{},[121,55014,123],{}," make a real copy.",[33,55017,36],{"id":35},[38,55019,55021],{"className":40,"code":55020,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55022,55023,55043,55058,55062,55077,55081,55094],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55024,55025,55027,55029,55031,55033,55035,55037,55039,55041],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55026,3012],{"class":53},[47,55028,58],{"class":57},[47,55030,3017],{"class":83},[47,55032,2377],{"class":586},[47,55034,590],{"class":83},[47,55036,2382],{"class":586},[47,55038,590],{"class":83},[47,55040,1841],{"class":586},[47,55042,3030],{"class":83},[47,55044,55045,55048,55050,55052,55054,55056],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,55046,55047],{"class":53},"new_numbers ",[47,55049,58],{"class":57},[47,55051,3659],{"class":53},[47,55053,84],{"class":83},[47,55055,12311],{"class":87},[47,55057,91],{"class":83},[47,55059,55060],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,55061,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,55063,55064,55067,55069,55071,55073,55075],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,55065,55066],{"class":53},"new_numbers",[47,55068,84],{"class":83},[47,55070,12954],{"class":87},[47,55072,101],{"class":83},[47,55074,1896],{"class":586},[47,55076,107],{"class":83},[47,55078,55079],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,55080,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,55082,55083,55085,55087,55089,55091],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,55084,98],{"class":97},[47,55086,101],{"class":83},[47,55088,3044],{"class":87},[47,55090,3057],{"class":83},[47,55092,55093],{"class":113},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[47,55095,55096,55098,55100,55102,55104],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,55097,98],{"class":97},[47,55099,101],{"class":83},[47,55101,55066],{"class":87},[47,55103,3057],{"class":83},[47,55105,55106],{"class":113},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55108,1486,55109,55111,55112,84],{},[15,55110,55006],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[121,55113,12250],{},[33,55115,128,55117,131],{"id":55116},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55118,55006],{},[20,55120,55121,1032],{},[15,55122,55006],{},[133,55124,55125,55128,55131,55134],{},[136,55126,55127],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[136,55129,55130],{},"Returns that new list",[136,55132,55133],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[136,55135,55136],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55138,538],{},[38,55140,55142],{"className":40,"code":55141,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55143,55144,55176,55191,55195,55205],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55145,55146,55148,55150,55152,55154,55156,55158,55160,55162,55164,55166,55168,55170,55172,55174],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55147,35643],{"class":53},[47,55149,58],{"class":57},[47,55151,3017],{"class":83},[47,55153,253],{"class":61},[47,55155,3475],{"class":65},[47,55157,253],{"class":61},[47,55159,590],{"class":83},[47,55161,62],{"class":61},[47,55163,288],{"class":65},[47,55165,253],{"class":61},[47,55167,590],{"class":83},[47,55169,62],{"class":61},[47,55171,32627],{"class":65},[47,55173,253],{"class":61},[47,55175,3030],{"class":83},[47,55177,55178,55181,55183,55185,55187,55189],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,55179,55180],{"class":53},"copied_fruits ",[47,55182,58],{"class":57},[47,55184,52256],{"class":53},[47,55186,84],{"class":83},[47,55188,12311],{"class":87},[47,55190,91],{"class":83},[47,55192,55193],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,55194,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,55196,55197,55199,55201,55203],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,55198,98],{"class":97},[47,55200,101],{"class":83},[47,55202,35695],{"class":87},[47,55204,107],{"class":83},[47,55206,55207,55209,55211,55214],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,55208,98],{"class":97},[47,55210,101],{"class":83},[47,55212,55213],{"class":87},"copied_fruits",[47,55215,107],{"class":83},[20,55217,338],{},[38,55219,55221],{"className":40,"code":55220,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55222,55223,55251],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55224,55225,55227,55229,55231,55233,55235,55237,55239,55241,55243,55245,55247,55249],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55226,3296],{"class":83},[47,55228,2693],{"class":61},[47,55230,3475],{"class":65},[47,55232,2693],{"class":61},[47,55234,590],{"class":83},[47,55236,2688],{"class":61},[47,55238,288],{"class":65},[47,55240,2693],{"class":61},[47,55242,590],{"class":83},[47,55244,2688],{"class":61},[47,55246,32627],{"class":65},[47,55248,2693],{"class":61},[47,55250,3030],{"class":83},[47,55252,55253,55255,55257,55259,55261,55263,55265,55267,55269,55271,55273,55275,55277],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,55254,3296],{"class":83},[47,55256,2693],{"class":61},[47,55258,3475],{"class":65},[47,55260,2693],{"class":61},[47,55262,590],{"class":83},[47,55264,2688],{"class":61},[47,55266,288],{"class":65},[47,55268,2693],{"class":61},[47,55270,590],{"class":83},[47,55272,2688],{"class":61},[47,55274,32627],{"class":65},[47,55276,2693],{"class":61},[47,55278,3030],{"class":83},[20,55280,55281],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[33,55283,166],{"id":165},[20,55285,169],{},[38,55287,55289],{"className":40,"code":55288,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55290,55291],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55292,55293,55296,55298,55301,55303,55305],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55294,55295],{"class":53},"new_list ",[47,55297,58],{"class":57},[47,55299,55300],{"class":53}," old_list",[47,55302,84],{"class":83},[47,55304,12311],{"class":87},[47,55306,91],{"class":83},[20,55308,55309],{},"How it works:",[133,55311,55312,55318,55321],{},[136,55313,55314,55315,55317],{},"Call ",[15,55316,12176],{}," on an existing list",[136,55319,55320],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[136,55322,55323],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,55325,55326],{},"Example with an empty list:",[38,55328,55330],{"className":40,"code":55329,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,55331,55332,55341,55357,55361],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55333,55334,55337,55339],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55335,55336],{"class":53},"empty_list ",[47,55338,58],{"class":57},[47,55340,7238],{"class":83},[47,55342,55343,55346,55348,55351,55353,55355],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,55344,55345],{"class":53},"new_empty_list ",[47,55347,58],{"class":57},[47,55349,55350],{"class":53}," empty_list",[47,55352,84],{"class":83},[47,55354,12311],{"class":87},[47,55356,91],{"class":83},[47,55358,55359],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,55360,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,55362,55363,55365,55367,55370],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,55364,98],{"class":97},[47,55366,101],{"class":83},[47,55368,55369],{"class":87},"new_empty_list",[47,55371,107],{"class":83},[20,55373,338],{},[38,55375,55376],{"className":40,"code":37702,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,55377,55378],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55379,55380],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55381,37702],{"class":83},[20,55383,55384],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[33,55386,55388,55389],{"id":55387},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,55390,58],{},[20,55392,7816,55393,13455,55395,52072],{},[15,55394,58],{},[121,55396,123],{},[20,55398,55399],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[38,55401,55403],{"className":40,"code":55402,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,55404,55405,55425,55434,55438,55453,55457,55467],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55406,55407,55409,55411,55413,55415,55417,55419,55421,55423],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55408,3012],{"class":53},[47,55410,58],{"class":57},[47,55412,3017],{"class":83},[47,55414,2377],{"class":586},[47,55416,590],{"class":83},[47,55418,2382],{"class":586},[47,55420,590],{"class":83},[47,55422,1841],{"class":586},[47,55424,3030],{"class":83},[47,55426,55427,55430,55432],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,55428,55429],{"class":53},"same_list ",[47,55431,58],{"class":57},[47,55433,43385],{"class":53},[47,55435,55436],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,55437,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,55439,55440,55443,55445,55447,55449,55451],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,55441,55442],{"class":53},"same_list",[47,55444,84],{"class":83},[47,55446,12954],{"class":87},[47,55448,101],{"class":83},[47,55450,1896],{"class":586},[47,55452,107],{"class":83},[47,55454,55455],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,55456,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,55458,55459,55461,55463,55465],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,55460,98],{"class":97},[47,55462,101],{"class":83},[47,55464,3044],{"class":87},[47,55466,107],{"class":83},[47,55468,55469,55471,55473,55475],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,55470,98],{"class":97},[47,55472,101],{"class":83},[47,55474,55442],{"class":87},[47,55476,107],{"class":83},[20,55478,338],{},[38,55480,55482],{"className":40,"code":55481,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55483,55484,55504],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55485,55486,55488,55490,55492,55494,55496,55498,55500,55502],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55487,3296],{"class":83},[47,55489,2377],{"class":586},[47,55491,590],{"class":83},[47,55493,2382],{"class":586},[47,55495,590],{"class":83},[47,55497,1841],{"class":586},[47,55499,590],{"class":83},[47,55501,1847],{"class":586},[47,55503,3030],{"class":83},[47,55505,55506,55508,55510,55512,55514,55516,55518,55520,55522],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,55507,3296],{"class":83},[47,55509,2377],{"class":586},[47,55511,590],{"class":83},[47,55513,2382],{"class":586},[47,55515,590],{"class":83},[47,55517,1841],{"class":586},[47,55519,590],{"class":83},[47,55521,1847],{"class":586},[47,55523,3030],{"class":83},[20,55525,55526],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,55528,55529,55530,1032],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,55531,12176],{},[38,55533,55535],{"className":40,"code":55534,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,55536,55537,55557,55572,55576,55591,55595,55605],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55538,55539,55541,55543,55545,55547,55549,55551,55553,55555],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55540,3012],{"class":53},[47,55542,58],{"class":57},[47,55544,3017],{"class":83},[47,55546,2377],{"class":586},[47,55548,590],{"class":83},[47,55550,2382],{"class":586},[47,55552,590],{"class":83},[47,55554,1841],{"class":586},[47,55556,3030],{"class":83},[47,55558,55559,55562,55564,55566,55568,55570],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,55560,55561],{"class":53},"copied_numbers ",[47,55563,58],{"class":57},[47,55565,3659],{"class":53},[47,55567,84],{"class":83},[47,55569,12311],{"class":87},[47,55571,91],{"class":83},[47,55573,55574],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,55575,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,55577,55578,55581,55583,55585,55587,55589],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,55579,55580],{"class":53},"copied_numbers",[47,55582,84],{"class":83},[47,55584,12954],{"class":87},[47,55586,101],{"class":83},[47,55588,1896],{"class":586},[47,55590,107],{"class":83},[47,55592,55593],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,55594,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,55596,55597,55599,55601,55603],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,55598,98],{"class":97},[47,55600,101],{"class":83},[47,55602,3044],{"class":87},[47,55604,107],{"class":83},[47,55606,55607,55609,55611,55613],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,55608,98],{"class":97},[47,55610,101],{"class":83},[47,55612,55580],{"class":87},[47,55614,107],{"class":83},[20,55616,338],{},[38,55618,55620],{"className":40,"code":55619,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55621,55622,55638],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55623,55624,55626,55628,55630,55632,55634,55636],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55625,3296],{"class":83},[47,55627,2377],{"class":586},[47,55629,590],{"class":83},[47,55631,2382],{"class":586},[47,55633,590],{"class":83},[47,55635,1841],{"class":586},[47,55637,3030],{"class":83},[47,55639,55640,55642,55644,55646,55648,55650,55652,55654,55656],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,55641,3296],{"class":83},[47,55643,2377],{"class":586},[47,55645,590],{"class":83},[47,55647,2382],{"class":586},[47,55649,590],{"class":83},[47,55651,1841],{"class":586},[47,55653,590],{"class":83},[47,55655,1847],{"class":586},[47,55657,3030],{"class":83},[20,55659,55660,55661,84],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[154,55662,52176],{"href":50383},[33,55664,55666],{"id":55665},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,55668,55669,12247,55671,84],{},[15,55670,55006],{},[121,55672,12250],{},[20,55674,1501],{},[133,55676,55677,55680],{},[136,55678,55679],{},"The outer list is new",[136,55681,55682],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,55684,55685],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[38,55687,55689],{"className":40,"code":55688,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,55690,55691,55718,55732,55736,55755,55759,55769],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55692,55693,55695,55697,55700,55702,55704,55706,55708,55710,55712,55714,55716],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55694,11485],{"class":53},[47,55696,58],{"class":57},[47,55698,55699],{"class":83}," [[",[47,55701,2377],{"class":586},[47,55703,590],{"class":83},[47,55705,2382],{"class":586},[47,55707,17464],{"class":83},[47,55709,3017],{"class":83},[47,55711,1455],{"class":586},[47,55713,590],{"class":83},[47,55715,1847],{"class":586},[47,55717,52647],{"class":83},[47,55719,55720,55722,55724,55726,55728,55730],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,55721,13713],{"class":53},[47,55723,58],{"class":57},[47,55725,11560],{"class":53},[47,55727,84],{"class":83},[47,55729,12311],{"class":87},[47,55731,91],{"class":83},[47,55733,55734],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,55735,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,55737,55738,55740,55742,55744,55746,55748,55750,55753],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,55739,13732],{"class":53},[47,55741,3296],{"class":83},[47,55743,1514],{"class":586},[47,55745,12951],{"class":83},[47,55747,12954],{"class":87},[47,55749,101],{"class":83},[47,55751,55752],{"class":586},"99",[47,55754,107],{"class":83},[47,55756,55757],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,55758,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,55760,55761,55763,55765,55767],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,55762,98],{"class":97},[47,55764,101],{"class":83},[47,55766,11532],{"class":87},[47,55768,107],{"class":83},[47,55770,55771,55773,55775,55777],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,55772,98],{"class":97},[47,55774,101],{"class":83},[47,55776,13732],{"class":87},[47,55778,107],{"class":83},[20,55780,338],{},[38,55782,55784],{"className":40,"code":55783,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,55785,55786,55813],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55787,55788,55791,55793,55795,55797,55799,55801,55803,55805,55807,55809,55811],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55789,55790],{"class":83},"[[",[47,55792,2377],{"class":586},[47,55794,590],{"class":83},[47,55796,2382],{"class":586},[47,55798,590],{"class":83},[47,55800,9596],{"class":586},[47,55802,17464],{"class":83},[47,55804,3017],{"class":83},[47,55806,1455],{"class":586},[47,55808,590],{"class":83},[47,55810,1847],{"class":586},[47,55812,52647],{"class":83},[47,55814,55815,55817,55819,55821,55823,55825,55827,55829,55831,55833,55835,55837],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,55816,55790],{"class":83},[47,55818,2377],{"class":586},[47,55820,590],{"class":83},[47,55822,2382],{"class":586},[47,55824,590],{"class":83},[47,55826,9596],{"class":586},[47,55828,17464],{"class":83},[47,55830,3017],{"class":83},[47,55832,1455],{"class":586},[47,55834,590],{"class":83},[47,55836,1847],{"class":586},[47,55838,52647],{"class":83},[20,55840,55841],{},"Why did both change?",[133,55843,55844,55851],{},[136,55845,55846,1063,55848,55850],{},[15,55847,11532],{},[15,55849,13732],{}," are different outer lists",[136,55852,55853,55854,55857],{},"But the inner list ",[15,55855,55856],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,55859,53058,55860,55862],{},[15,55861,12176],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[133,55864,55865,55868,55871],{},[136,55866,55867],{},"Numbers",[136,55869,55870],{},"Strings",[136,55872,39998],{},[20,55874,55875,55876,84],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[154,55877,13192],{"href":13191},[33,55879,16821],{"id":16820},[20,55881,55882,55884],{},[15,55883,55006],{}," returns a new list.",[20,55886,40309,55887,55889],{},[121,55888,123],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,55891,55892],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,55894,788],{},[38,55896,55898],{"className":40,"code":55897,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,55899,55900,55924,55938,55942],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55901,55902,55904,55906,55908,55910,55912,55914,55916,55918,55920,55922],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55903,12476],{"class":53},[47,55905,58],{"class":57},[47,55907,3017],{"class":83},[47,55909,253],{"class":61},[47,55911,12493],{"class":65},[47,55913,253],{"class":61},[47,55915,590],{"class":83},[47,55917,62],{"class":61},[47,55919,12510],{"class":65},[47,55921,253],{"class":61},[47,55923,3030],{"class":83},[47,55925,55926,55928,55930,55932,55934,55936],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,55927,12519],{"class":53},[47,55929,58],{"class":57},[47,55931,12524],{"class":53},[47,55933,84],{"class":83},[47,55935,12311],{"class":87},[47,55937,91],{"class":83},[47,55939,55940],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,55941,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,55943,55944,55946,55948,55950],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,55945,98],{"class":97},[47,55947,101],{"class":83},[47,55949,12543],{"class":87},[47,55951,107],{"class":83},[20,55953,55954],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[38,55956,55958],{"className":40,"code":55957,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,55959,55960,55984,55994,55998],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55961,55962,55964,55966,55968,55970,55972,55974,55976,55978,55980,55982],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55963,12476],{"class":53},[47,55965,58],{"class":57},[47,55967,3017],{"class":83},[47,55969,253],{"class":61},[47,55971,12493],{"class":65},[47,55973,253],{"class":61},[47,55975,590],{"class":83},[47,55977,62],{"class":61},[47,55979,12510],{"class":65},[47,55981,253],{"class":61},[47,55983,3030],{"class":83},[47,55985,55986,55988,55990,55992],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,55987,16905],{"class":53},[47,55989,84],{"class":83},[47,55991,12311],{"class":87},[47,55993,91],{"class":83},[47,55995,55996],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,55997,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,55999,56000,56002,56004,56006],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,56001,98],{"class":97},[47,56003,101],{"class":83},[47,56005,16905],{"class":87},[47,56007,107],{"class":83},[20,56009,56010,56011,56013],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56012,12176],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[33,56015,603,56017],{"id":56016},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56018,55006],{},[20,56020,1486,56021,10001],{},[15,56022,55006],{},[133,56024,56025,56028,56031,56034],{},[136,56026,56027],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[136,56029,56030],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[136,56032,56033],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[136,56035,56036,56037],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56038,56039],{},"[:]",[20,56041,538],{},[38,56043,56045],{"className":40,"code":56044,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56046,56047,56067,56082,56086,56101,56105,56115],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56048,56049,56051,56053,56055,56057,56059,56061,56063,56065],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56050,4461],{"class":53},[47,56052,58],{"class":57},[47,56054,3017],{"class":83},[47,56056,1719],{"class":586},[47,56058,590],{"class":83},[47,56060,7189],{"class":586},[47,56062,590],{"class":83},[47,56064,7194],{"class":586},[47,56066,3030],{"class":83},[47,56068,56069,56072,56074,56076,56078,56080],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,56070,56071],{"class":53},"backup_scores ",[47,56073,58],{"class":57},[47,56075,4508],{"class":53},[47,56077,84],{"class":83},[47,56079,12311],{"class":87},[47,56081,91],{"class":83},[47,56083,56084],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,56085,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,56087,56088,56090,56092,56094,56096,56099],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,56089,15792],{"class":53},[47,56091,84],{"class":83},[47,56093,12954],{"class":87},[47,56095,101],{"class":83},[47,56097,56098],{"class":586},"40",[47,56100,107],{"class":83},[47,56102,56103],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,56104,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,56106,56107,56109,56111,56113],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,56108,98],{"class":97},[47,56110,101],{"class":83},[47,56112,15792],{"class":87},[47,56114,107],{"class":83},[47,56116,56117,56119,56121,56124],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,56118,98],{"class":97},[47,56120,101],{"class":83},[47,56122,56123],{"class":87},"backup_scores",[47,56125,107],{"class":83},[20,56127,338],{},[38,56129,56131],{"className":40,"code":56130,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56132,56133,56153],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56134,56135,56137,56139,56141,56143,56145,56147,56149,56151],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56136,3296],{"class":83},[47,56138,1719],{"class":586},[47,56140,590],{"class":83},[47,56142,7189],{"class":586},[47,56144,590],{"class":83},[47,56146,7194],{"class":586},[47,56148,590],{"class":83},[47,56150,50248],{"class":586},[47,56152,3030],{"class":83},[47,56154,56155,56157,56159,56161,56163,56165,56167],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,56156,3296],{"class":83},[47,56158,1719],{"class":586},[47,56160,590],{"class":83},[47,56162,7189],{"class":586},[47,56164,590],{"class":83},[47,56166,7194],{"class":586},[47,56168,3030],{"class":83},[20,56170,56171,56172,84],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[154,56173,54925,56175,1289],{"href":56174},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56176,52057],{},[33,56178,3915],{"id":3914},[20,56180,56181,56182,84],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56183,55006],{},[724,56185,7816,56187,56189],{"id":56186},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56188,58],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56191,38602],{},[38,56193,56195],{"className":40,"code":56194,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56196,56197,56217,56225,56239,56243],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56198,56199,56201,56203,56205,56207,56209,56211,56213,56215],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56200,1208],{"class":53},[47,56202,58],{"class":57},[47,56204,3017],{"class":83},[47,56206,2377],{"class":586},[47,56208,590],{"class":83},[47,56210,2382],{"class":586},[47,56212,590],{"class":83},[47,56214,1841],{"class":586},[47,56216,3030],{"class":83},[47,56218,56219,56221,56223],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,56220,1221],{"class":53},[47,56222,58],{"class":57},[47,56224,35579],{"class":53},[47,56226,56227,56229,56231,56233,56235,56237],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,56228,4158],{"class":53},[47,56230,84],{"class":83},[47,56232,12954],{"class":87},[47,56234,101],{"class":83},[47,56236,1896],{"class":586},[47,56238,107],{"class":83},[47,56240,56241],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,56242,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,56244,56245,56247,56249,56251,56253],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,56246,98],{"class":97},[47,56248,101],{"class":83},[47,56250,154],{"class":87},[47,56252,3057],{"class":83},[47,56254,55106],{"class":113},[20,56256,56257,56258,6031],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56259,12176],{},[38,56261,56263],{"className":40,"code":56262,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56264,56265,56285,56300,56314,56318],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56266,56267,56269,56271,56273,56275,56277,56279,56281,56283],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56268,1208],{"class":53},[47,56270,58],{"class":57},[47,56272,3017],{"class":83},[47,56274,2377],{"class":586},[47,56276,590],{"class":83},[47,56278,2382],{"class":586},[47,56280,590],{"class":83},[47,56282,1841],{"class":586},[47,56284,3030],{"class":83},[47,56286,56287,56289,56291,56294,56296,56298],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,56288,1221],{"class":53},[47,56290,58],{"class":57},[47,56292,56293],{"class":53}," a",[47,56295,84],{"class":83},[47,56297,12311],{"class":87},[47,56299,91],{"class":83},[47,56301,56302,56304,56306,56308,56310,56312],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,56303,4158],{"class":53},[47,56305,84],{"class":83},[47,56307,12954],{"class":87},[47,56309,101],{"class":83},[47,56311,1896],{"class":586},[47,56313,107],{"class":83},[47,56315,56316],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,56317,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,56319,56320,56322,56324,56326,56328],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,56321,98],{"class":97},[47,56323,101],{"class":83},[47,56325,154],{"class":87},[47,56327,3057],{"class":83},[47,56329,54337],{"class":113},[724,56331,56333],{"id":56332},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[38,56335,56337],{"className":40,"code":56336,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,56338,56339,56359],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56340,56341,56343,56345,56347,56349,56351,56353,56355,56357],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56342,3012],{"class":53},[47,56344,58],{"class":57},[47,56346,3017],{"class":83},[47,56348,2377],{"class":586},[47,56350,590],{"class":83},[47,56352,2382],{"class":586},[47,56354,590],{"class":83},[47,56356,1841],{"class":586},[47,56358,3030],{"class":83},[47,56360,56361,56363,56365,56367],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,56362,3044],{"class":53},[47,56364,84],{"class":83},[47,56366,12311],{"class":87},[47,56368,91],{"class":83},[20,56370,56371],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,56373,38665],{},[38,56375,56377],{"className":40,"code":56376,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,56378,56379,56399],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56380,56381,56383,56385,56387,56389,56391,56393,56395,56397],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56382,3012],{"class":53},[47,56384,58],{"class":57},[47,56386,3017],{"class":83},[47,56388,2377],{"class":586},[47,56390,590],{"class":83},[47,56392,2382],{"class":586},[47,56394,590],{"class":83},[47,56396,1841],{"class":586},[47,56398,3030],{"class":83},[47,56400,56401,56403,56405,56407,56409,56411],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,56402,55561],{"class":53},[47,56404,58],{"class":57},[47,56406,3659],{"class":53},[47,56408,84],{"class":83},[47,56410,12311],{"class":87},[47,56412,91],{"class":83},[724,56414,56416],{"id":56415},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[38,56418,56420],{"className":40,"code":56419,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,56421,56422,56440,56454,56458,56476,56480],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56423,56424,56426,56428,56430,56432,56434,56436,56438],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56425,1208],{"class":53},[47,56427,58],{"class":57},[47,56429,55699],{"class":83},[47,56431,2377],{"class":586},[47,56433,17464],{"class":83},[47,56435,3017],{"class":83},[47,56437,1449],{"class":586},[47,56439,52647],{"class":83},[47,56441,56442,56444,56446,56448,56450,56452],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,56443,1221],{"class":53},[47,56445,58],{"class":57},[47,56447,56293],{"class":53},[47,56449,84],{"class":83},[47,56451,12311],{"class":87},[47,56453,91],{"class":83},[47,56455,56456],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,56457,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,56459,56460,56462,56464,56466,56468,56470,56472,56474],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,56461,4158],{"class":53},[47,56463,3296],{"class":83},[47,56465,1514],{"class":586},[47,56467,12951],{"class":83},[47,56469,12954],{"class":87},[47,56471,101],{"class":83},[47,56473,55752],{"class":586},[47,56475,107],{"class":83},[47,56477,56478],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,56479,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,56481,56482,56484,56486,56488,56490],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,56483,98],{"class":97},[47,56485,101],{"class":83},[47,56487,154],{"class":87},[47,56489,3057],{"class":83},[47,56491,56492],{"class":113},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,56494,56495,56496,56498],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,56497,55006],{}," is shallow.",[724,56500,25020,56502,56504],{"id":56501},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,56503,12176],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,56506,56507,56509],{},[15,56508,12176],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[38,56511,56513],{"className":40,"code":56512,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,56514,56515,56527],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56516,56517,56519,56521,56523,56525],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56518,212],{"class":53},[47,56520,58],{"class":57},[47,56522,62],{"class":61},[47,56524,4401],{"class":65},[47,56526,69],{"class":61},[47,56528,56529],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,56530,56531],{"class":113},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,56533,56534],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[38,56536,56538],{"className":40,"code":56537,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(name))\n",[15,56539,56540],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56541,56542,56544,56546,56548,56550,56552],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56543,98],{"class":97},[47,56545,101],{"class":83},[47,56547,2613],{"class":919},[47,56549,101],{"class":83},[47,56551,229],{"class":87},[47,56553,1419],{"class":83},[20,56555,56556,56557,56561],{},"You can also review ",[154,56558,56560],{"href":56559},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[33,56563,1155],{"id":1154},[724,56565,1159,56567,56569],{"id":56566},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,56568,55006],{}," change the original list?",[20,56571,56572],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[724,56574,4578,56576,1063,56578,1883],{"id":56575},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,56577,55006],{},[15,56579,58],{},[20,56581,56582,56584,56585,56587],{},[15,56583,12176],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,56586,58],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[724,56589,14305,56591,14308],{"id":56590},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,56592,55006],{},[20,56594,56595],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[724,56597,56599],{"id":56598},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,56601,41555,56602,56605],{},[15,56603,56604],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[724,56607,14305,56609,56611,56612,1883],{"id":56608},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,56610,55006],{}," the same as ",[15,56613,56039],{},[20,56615,56616],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[33,56618,1275],{"id":1274},[133,56620,56621,56626,56630,56635,56641],{},[136,56622,56623],{},[154,56624,14367],{"href":56625},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[136,56627,56628],{},[154,56629,52176],{"href":50383},[136,56631,56632],{},[154,56633,56634],{"href":56559},"Creating a list in Python",[136,56636,56637],{},[154,56638,54925,56639,1289],{"href":56174},[15,56640,52057],{},[136,56642,56643],{},[154,56644,13192],{"href":13191},[1320,56646,56647],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":56649},[56650,56651,56653,56654,56656,56657,56658,56660,56668,56679],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":55116,"depth":72,"text":56652},"What list.copy() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":55387,"depth":72,"text":56655},"Why not use =",{"id":55665,"depth":72,"text":55666},{"id":16820,"depth":72,"text":16821},{"id":56016,"depth":72,"text":56659},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":3914,"depth":72,"text":3915,"children":56661},[56662,56664,56665,56666],{"id":56186,"depth":94,"text":56663},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56332,"depth":94,"text":56333},{"id":56415,"depth":94,"text":56416},{"id":56501,"depth":94,"text":56667},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":56669},[56670,56672,56674,56676,56677],{"id":56566,"depth":94,"text":56671},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":56575,"depth":94,"text":56673},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":56590,"depth":94,"text":56675},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":56598,"depth":94,"text":56599},{"id":56608,"depth":94,"text":56678},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":54994,"description":56680},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":56687,"title":56688,"body":56689,"description":58431,"extension":1354,"meta":58432,"navigation":311,"path":58433,"seo":58434,"stem":58435,"__hash__":58436},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":56690,"toc":58390},[56691,56697,56703,56706,56717,56720,56722,56785,56791,56796,56800,56814,56817,56822,56827,56829,56831,56850,56862,56864,56931,56933,56941,56946,56948,56956,56959,56976,56978,57102,57113,57117,57122,57125,57127,57145,57149,57235,57244,57252,57321,57323,57326,57338,57343,57347,57418,57421,57425,57429,57494,57496,57504,57508,57591,57593,57601,57605,57666,57668,57676,57680,57767,57769,57777,57782,57787,57790,57801,57803,57888,57893,57902,57904,57908,57912,57917,57979,57983,57991,57997,58006,58011,58060,58063,58084,58088,58150,58157,58162,58165,58252,58255,58266,58269,58289,58291,58297,58300,58304,58308,58314,58317,58323,58330,58338,58349,58351,58387],[10,56692,53747,56694,18],{"id":56693},"python-list-count-method",[15,56695,56696],{},"count()",[20,56698,56699,56702],{},[15,56700,56701],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,56704,56705],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[133,56707,56708,56711,56714],{},[136,56709,56710],{},"count one specific item",[136,56712,56713],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[136,56715,56716],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,56718,56719],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[33,56721,3002],{"id":3001},[38,56723,56725],{"className":40,"code":56724,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,56726,56727,56755,56773],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56728,56729,56731,56733,56735,56737,56739,56741,56743,56745,56747,56749,56751,56753],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56730,3012],{"class":53},[47,56732,58],{"class":57},[47,56734,3017],{"class":83},[47,56736,2377],{"class":586},[47,56738,590],{"class":83},[47,56740,2382],{"class":586},[47,56742,590],{"class":83},[47,56744,2382],{"class":586},[47,56746,590],{"class":83},[47,56748,1841],{"class":586},[47,56750,590],{"class":83},[47,56752,2382],{"class":586},[47,56754,3030],{"class":83},[47,56756,56757,56759,56761,56763,56765,56767,56769,56771],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,56758,75],{"class":53},[47,56760,58],{"class":57},[47,56762,3659],{"class":53},[47,56764,84],{"class":83},[47,56766,40663],{"class":87},[47,56768,101],{"class":83},[47,56770,1449],{"class":586},[47,56772,107],{"class":83},[47,56774,56775,56777,56779,56781,56783],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,56776,98],{"class":97},[47,56778,101],{"class":83},[47,56780,104],{"class":87},[47,56782,3057],{"class":83},[47,56784,50175],{"class":113},[20,56786,1486,56787,56790],{},[15,56788,56789],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[33,56792,128,56794,131],{"id":56793},"what-listcount-does",[15,56795,56701],{},[20,56797,56798,1032],{},[15,56799,56701],{},[133,56801,56802,56805,56808,56811],{},[136,56803,56804],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[136,56806,56807],{},"returns an integer",[136,56809,56810],{},"does not change the original list",[136,56812,56813],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,56815,56816],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,56818,56819,56820,84],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,56821,1455],{},[20,56823,56824,56825,84],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,56826,1514],{},[33,56828,166],{"id":165},[20,56830,169],{},[38,56832,56834],{"className":40,"code":56833,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,56835,56836],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56837,56838,56840,56842,56844,56846,56848],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56839,7737],{"class":53},[47,56841,84],{"class":83},[47,56843,40663],{"class":87},[47,56845,101],{"class":83},[47,56847,1863],{"class":87},[47,56849,107],{"class":83},[133,56851,56852,56857],{},[136,56853,56854,56856],{},[15,56855,7737],{}," is the list you want to search",[136,56858,56859,56861],{},[15,56860,1863],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,56863,538],{},[38,56865,56867],{"className":40,"code":56866,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,56868,56869,56909],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56870,56871,56873,56875,56877,56879,56881,56883,56885,56887,56889,56891,56893,56895,56897,56899,56901,56903,56905,56907],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56872,35494],{"class":53},[47,56874,58],{"class":57},[47,56876,3017],{"class":83},[47,56878,253],{"class":61},[47,56880,154],{"class":65},[47,56882,253],{"class":61},[47,56884,590],{"class":83},[47,56886,62],{"class":61},[47,56888,4158],{"class":65},[47,56890,253],{"class":61},[47,56892,590],{"class":83},[47,56894,62],{"class":61},[47,56896,154],{"class":65},[47,56898,253],{"class":61},[47,56900,590],{"class":83},[47,56902,62],{"class":61},[47,56904,9138],{"class":65},[47,56906,253],{"class":61},[47,56908,3030],{"class":83},[47,56910,56911,56913,56915,56917,56919,56921,56923,56925,56927,56929],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,56912,98],{"class":97},[47,56914,101],{"class":83},[47,56916,35547],{"class":87},[47,56918,84],{"class":83},[47,56920,40663],{"class":87},[47,56922,101],{"class":83},[47,56924,253],{"class":61},[47,56926,154],{"class":65},[47,56928,253],{"class":61},[47,56930,1419],{"class":83},[20,56932,338],{},[38,56934,56935],{"className":40,"code":16458,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,56936,56937],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56938,56939],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56940,16458],{"class":586},[20,56942,56943,56944,84],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,56945,1514],{},[33,56947,37425],{"id":37424},[20,56949,56950,56951,56953,56954,84],{},"The return value from ",[15,56952,56696],{}," is always an ",[15,56955,890],{},[20,56957,56958],{},"Possible results:",[133,56960,56961,56966,56971],{},[136,56962,56963,56965],{},[15,56964,1514],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[136,56967,56968,56970],{},[15,56969,2377],{}," if it appears once",[136,56972,56973,56975],{},[15,56974,1449],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,56977,538],{},[38,56979,56981],{"className":40,"code":56980,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,56982,56983,57023,57027,57052,57077],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56984,56985,56987,56989,56991,56993,56995,56997,56999,57001,57003,57005,57007,57009,57011,57013,57015,57017,57019,57021],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56986,12476],{"class":53},[47,56988,58],{"class":57},[47,56990,3017],{"class":83},[47,56992,253],{"class":61},[47,56994,12493],{"class":65},[47,56996,253],{"class":61},[47,56998,590],{"class":83},[47,57000,62],{"class":61},[47,57002,12510],{"class":65},[47,57004,253],{"class":61},[47,57006,590],{"class":83},[47,57008,62],{"class":61},[47,57010,16858],{"class":65},[47,57012,253],{"class":61},[47,57014,590],{"class":83},[47,57016,62],{"class":61},[47,57018,12510],{"class":65},[47,57020,253],{"class":61},[47,57022,3030],{"class":83},[47,57024,57025],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,57026,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,57028,57029,57031,57033,57035,57037,57039,57041,57043,57045,57047,57049],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,57030,98],{"class":97},[47,57032,101],{"class":83},[47,57034,16905],{"class":87},[47,57036,84],{"class":83},[47,57038,40663],{"class":87},[47,57040,101],{"class":83},[47,57042,253],{"class":61},[47,57044,12510],{"class":65},[47,57046,253],{"class":61},[47,57048,4761],{"class":83},[47,57050,57051],{"class":113},"   # 2\n",[47,57053,57054,57056,57058,57060,57062,57064,57066,57068,57070,57072,57074],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,57055,98],{"class":97},[47,57057,101],{"class":83},[47,57059,16905],{"class":87},[47,57061,84],{"class":83},[47,57063,40663],{"class":87},[47,57065,101],{"class":83},[47,57067,253],{"class":61},[47,57069,12493],{"class":65},[47,57071,253],{"class":61},[47,57073,4761],{"class":83},[47,57075,57076],{"class":113},"    # 1\n",[47,57078,57079,57081,57083,57085,57087,57089,57091,57093,57095,57097,57099],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,57080,98],{"class":97},[47,57082,101],{"class":83},[47,57084,16905],{"class":87},[47,57086,84],{"class":83},[47,57088,40663],{"class":87},[47,57090,101],{"class":83},[47,57092,253],{"class":61},[47,57094,21926],{"class":65},[47,57096,253],{"class":61},[47,57098,4761],{"class":83},[47,57100,57101],{"class":113}," # 0\n",[20,57103,57104,57105,57107,57108,57110,57111,84],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57106,56696],{}," works, but using ",[15,57109,3278],{}," is often simpler. See ",[154,57112,5598],{"href":5597},[33,57114,57116],{"id":57115},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57118,57119,57121],{},[15,57120,56701],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57123,57124],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57126,43053],{},[133,57128,57129,57132,57135,57142],{},[136,57130,57131],{},"matches are based on equality",[136,57133,57134],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[136,57136,57137,1063,57139,57141],{},[15,57138,2377],{},[15,57140,2997],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[136,57143,57144],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[724,57146,57148],{"id":57147},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[38,57150,57152],{"className":40,"code":57151,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57153,57154,57187,57211],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57155,57156,57158,57160,57162,57164,57166,57168,57170,57172,57175,57177,57179,57181,57183,57185],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57157,3466],{"class":53},[47,57159,58],{"class":57},[47,57161,3017],{"class":83},[47,57163,253],{"class":61},[47,57165,3475],{"class":65},[47,57167,253],{"class":61},[47,57169,590],{"class":83},[47,57171,62],{"class":61},[47,57173,57174],{"class":65},"Apple",[47,57176,253],{"class":61},[47,57178,590],{"class":83},[47,57180,62],{"class":61},[47,57182,3475],{"class":65},[47,57184,253],{"class":61},[47,57186,3030],{"class":83},[47,57188,57189,57191,57193,57195,57197,57199,57201,57203,57205,57207,57209],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,57190,98],{"class":97},[47,57192,101],{"class":83},[47,57194,3509],{"class":87},[47,57196,84],{"class":83},[47,57198,40663],{"class":87},[47,57200,101],{"class":83},[47,57202,253],{"class":61},[47,57204,3475],{"class":65},[47,57206,253],{"class":61},[47,57208,4761],{"class":83},[47,57210,50819],{"class":113},[47,57212,57213,57215,57217,57219,57221,57223,57225,57227,57229,57231,57233],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,57214,98],{"class":97},[47,57216,101],{"class":83},[47,57218,3509],{"class":87},[47,57220,84],{"class":83},[47,57222,40663],{"class":87},[47,57224,101],{"class":83},[47,57226,253],{"class":61},[47,57228,57174],{"class":65},[47,57230,253],{"class":61},[47,57232,4761],{"class":83},[47,57234,27184],{"class":113},[20,57236,57237,1063,57240,57243],{},[15,57238,57239],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57241,57242],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[724,57245,57247,1063,57249,57251],{"id":57246},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57248,2377],{},[15,57250,2997],{}," can match",[38,57253,57255],{"className":40,"code":57254,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57256,57257,57281,57301],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57258,57259,57261,57263,57265,57267,57269,57271,57273,57275,57277,57279],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57260,3219],{"class":53},[47,57262,58],{"class":57},[47,57264,3017],{"class":83},[47,57266,2377],{"class":586},[47,57268,590],{"class":83},[47,57270,3312],{"class":1271},[47,57272,590],{"class":83},[47,57274,2382],{"class":586},[47,57276,590],{"class":83},[47,57278,4898],{"class":586},[47,57280,3030],{"class":83},[47,57282,57283,57285,57287,57289,57291,57293,57295,57297,57299],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,57284,98],{"class":97},[47,57286,101],{"class":83},[47,57288,4758],{"class":87},[47,57290,84],{"class":83},[47,57292,40663],{"class":87},[47,57294,101],{"class":83},[47,57296,2377],{"class":586},[47,57298,4761],{"class":83},[47,57300,50323],{"class":113},[47,57302,57303,57305,57307,57309,57311,57313,57315,57317,57319],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,57304,98],{"class":97},[47,57306,101],{"class":83},[47,57308,4758],{"class":87},[47,57310,84],{"class":83},[47,57312,40663],{"class":87},[47,57314,101],{"class":83},[47,57316,2997],{"class":1271},[47,57318,4761],{"class":83},[47,57320,50175],{"class":113},[20,57322,3806],{},[20,57324,57325],{},"In Python:",[133,57327,57328,57333],{},[136,57329,57330],{},[15,57331,57332],{},"True == 1",[136,57334,57335],{},[15,57336,57337],{},"False == 0",[20,57339,53058,57340,57342],{},[15,57341,56696],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[724,57344,57346],{"id":57345},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[38,57348,57350],{"className":40,"code":57349,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,57351,57352,57394],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57353,57354,57356,57358,57360,57362,57364,57366,57368,57370,57372,57374,57376,57378,57380,57382,57384,57386,57388,57390,57392],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57355,7178],{"class":53},[47,57357,58],{"class":57},[47,57359,55699],{"class":83},[47,57361,2377],{"class":586},[47,57363,590],{"class":83},[47,57365,2382],{"class":586},[47,57367,17464],{"class":83},[47,57369,3017],{"class":83},[47,57371,1455],{"class":586},[47,57373,590],{"class":83},[47,57375,1847],{"class":586},[47,57377,17464],{"class":83},[47,57379,3017],{"class":83},[47,57381,2377],{"class":586},[47,57383,590],{"class":83},[47,57385,2382],{"class":586},[47,57387,17464],{"class":83},[47,57389,3017],{"class":83},[47,57391,2377],{"class":586},[47,57393,52647],{"class":83},[47,57395,57396,57398,57400,57402,57404,57406,57408,57410,57412,57414,57416],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,57397,98],{"class":97},[47,57399,101],{"class":83},[47,57401,7209],{"class":87},[47,57403,84],{"class":83},[47,57405,40663],{"class":87},[47,57407,2374],{"class":83},[47,57409,2377],{"class":586},[47,57411,590],{"class":83},[47,57413,2382],{"class":586},[47,57415,4132],{"class":83},[47,57417,50819],{"class":113},[20,57419,57420],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[33,57422,57424],{"id":57423},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[724,57426,57428],{"id":57427},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[38,57430,57432],{"className":40,"code":57431,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57433,57434,57462,57480,57484],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57435,57436,57438,57440,57442,57444,57446,57448,57450,57452,57454,57456,57458,57460],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57437,3012],{"class":53},[47,57439,58],{"class":57},[47,57441,3017],{"class":83},[47,57443,1719],{"class":586},[47,57445,590],{"class":83},[47,57447,7189],{"class":586},[47,57449,590],{"class":83},[47,57451,5405],{"class":586},[47,57453,590],{"class":83},[47,57455,7194],{"class":586},[47,57457,590],{"class":83},[47,57459,5405],{"class":586},[47,57461,3030],{"class":83},[47,57463,57464,57466,57468,57470,57472,57474,57476,57478],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,57465,75],{"class":53},[47,57467,58],{"class":57},[47,57469,3659],{"class":53},[47,57471,84],{"class":83},[47,57473,40663],{"class":87},[47,57475,101],{"class":83},[47,57477,1719],{"class":586},[47,57479,107],{"class":83},[47,57481,57482],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,57483,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,57485,57486,57488,57490,57492],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,57487,98],{"class":97},[47,57489,101],{"class":83},[47,57491,104],{"class":87},[47,57493,107],{"class":83},[20,57495,338],{},[38,57497,57498],{"className":40,"code":46021,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,57499,57500],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57501,57502],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57503,46021],{"class":586},[724,57505,57507],{"id":57506},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[38,57509,57511],{"className":40,"code":57510,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57512,57513,57555,57577,57581],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57514,57515,57517,57519,57521,57523,57525,57527,57529,57531,57534,57536,57538,57540,57542,57544,57546,57548,57551,57553],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57516,3466],{"class":53},[47,57518,58],{"class":57},[47,57520,3017],{"class":83},[47,57522,253],{"class":61},[47,57524,36452],{"class":65},[47,57526,253],{"class":61},[47,57528,590],{"class":83},[47,57530,62],{"class":61},[47,57532,57533],{"class":65},"dog",[47,57535,253],{"class":61},[47,57537,590],{"class":83},[47,57539,62],{"class":61},[47,57541,36452],{"class":65},[47,57543,253],{"class":61},[47,57545,590],{"class":83},[47,57547,62],{"class":61},[47,57549,57550],{"class":65},"bird",[47,57552,253],{"class":61},[47,57554,3030],{"class":83},[47,57556,57557,57559,57561,57563,57565,57567,57569,57571,57573,57575],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,57558,75],{"class":53},[47,57560,58],{"class":57},[47,57562,5568],{"class":53},[47,57564,84],{"class":83},[47,57566,40663],{"class":87},[47,57568,101],{"class":83},[47,57570,253],{"class":61},[47,57572,36452],{"class":65},[47,57574,253],{"class":61},[47,57576,107],{"class":83},[47,57578,57579],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,57580,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,57582,57583,57585,57587,57589],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,57584,98],{"class":97},[47,57586,101],{"class":83},[47,57588,104],{"class":87},[47,57590,107],{"class":83},[20,57592,338],{},[38,57594,57595],{"className":40,"code":16458,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,57596,57597],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57598,57599],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57600,16458],{"class":586},[724,57602,57604],{"id":57603},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[38,57606,57608],{"className":40,"code":57607,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57609,57610,57634,57652,57656],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57611,57612,57614,57616,57618,57620,57622,57624,57626,57628,57630,57632],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57613,3012],{"class":53},[47,57615,58],{"class":57},[47,57617,3017],{"class":83},[47,57619,2377],{"class":586},[47,57621,590],{"class":83},[47,57623,2382],{"class":586},[47,57625,590],{"class":83},[47,57627,1841],{"class":586},[47,57629,590],{"class":83},[47,57631,1847],{"class":586},[47,57633,3030],{"class":83},[47,57635,57636,57638,57640,57642,57644,57646,57648,57650],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,57637,75],{"class":53},[47,57639,58],{"class":57},[47,57641,3659],{"class":53},[47,57643,84],{"class":83},[47,57645,40663],{"class":87},[47,57647,101],{"class":83},[47,57649,1531],{"class":586},[47,57651,107],{"class":83},[47,57653,57654],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,57655,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,57657,57658,57660,57662,57664],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,57659,98],{"class":97},[47,57661,101],{"class":83},[47,57663,104],{"class":87},[47,57665,107],{"class":83},[20,57667,338],{},[38,57669,57670],{"className":40,"code":46656,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,57671,57672],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57673,57674],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57675,46656],{"class":586},[724,57677,57679],{"id":57678},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[38,57681,57683],{"className":40,"code":57682,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57684,57685,57731,57753,57757],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57686,57687,57689,57691,57693,57695,57697,57699,57701,57703,57705,57707,57709,57711,57713,57715,57717,57719,57721,57723,57725,57727,57729],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57688,8563],{"class":53},[47,57690,58],{"class":57},[47,57692,55699],{"class":83},[47,57694,2377],{"class":586},[47,57696,590],{"class":83},[47,57698,2382],{"class":586},[47,57700,17464],{"class":83},[47,57702,3017],{"class":83},[47,57704,2377],{"class":586},[47,57706,590],{"class":83},[47,57708,2382],{"class":586},[47,57710,17464],{"class":83},[47,57712,3017],{"class":83},[47,57714,1449],{"class":586},[47,57716,590],{"class":83},[47,57718,1841],{"class":586},[47,57720,17464],{"class":83},[47,57722,3017],{"class":83},[47,57724,2377],{"class":586},[47,57726,590],{"class":83},[47,57728,2382],{"class":586},[47,57730,52647],{"class":83},[47,57732,57733,57735,57737,57739,57741,57743,57745,57747,57749,57751],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,57734,75],{"class":53},[47,57736,58],{"class":57},[47,57738,13968],{"class":53},[47,57740,84],{"class":83},[47,57742,40663],{"class":87},[47,57744,2374],{"class":83},[47,57746,2377],{"class":586},[47,57748,590],{"class":83},[47,57750,2382],{"class":586},[47,57752,3284],{"class":83},[47,57754,57755],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,57756,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,57758,57759,57761,57763,57765],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,57760,98],{"class":97},[47,57762,101],{"class":83},[47,57764,104],{"class":87},[47,57766,107],{"class":83},[20,57768,338],{},[38,57770,57771],{"className":40,"code":46021,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,57772,57773],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57774,57775],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57776,46021],{"class":586},[33,57778,603,57780],{"id":57779},"when-to-use-count",[15,57781,56696],{},[20,57783,1486,57784,57786],{},[15,57785,56696],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,57788,57789],{},"Good use cases:",[133,57791,57792,57795,57798],{},[136,57793,57794],{},"counting one specific item",[136,57796,57797],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[136,57799,57800],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,57802,538],{},[38,57804,57806],{"className":40,"code":57805,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,57807,57808,57849,57873,57877],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57809,57810,57813,57815,57817,57819,57821,57823,57825,57827,57829,57831,57833,57835,57837,57839,57841,57843,57845,57847],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57811,57812],{"class":53},"votes ",[47,57814,58],{"class":57},[47,57816,3017],{"class":83},[47,57818,253],{"class":61},[47,57820,644],{"class":65},[47,57822,253],{"class":61},[47,57824,590],{"class":83},[47,57826,62],{"class":61},[47,57828,7997],{"class":65},[47,57830,253],{"class":61},[47,57832,590],{"class":83},[47,57834,62],{"class":61},[47,57836,644],{"class":65},[47,57838,253],{"class":61},[47,57840,590],{"class":83},[47,57842,62],{"class":61},[47,57844,644],{"class":65},[47,57846,253],{"class":61},[47,57848,3030],{"class":83},[47,57850,57851,57854,57856,57859,57861,57863,57865,57867,57869,57871],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,57852,57853],{"class":53},"yes_votes ",[47,57855,58],{"class":57},[47,57857,57858],{"class":53}," votes",[47,57860,84],{"class":83},[47,57862,40663],{"class":87},[47,57864,101],{"class":83},[47,57866,253],{"class":61},[47,57868,644],{"class":65},[47,57870,253],{"class":61},[47,57872,107],{"class":83},[47,57874,57875],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,57876,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,57878,57879,57881,57883,57886],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,57880,98],{"class":97},[47,57882,101],{"class":83},[47,57884,57885],{"class":87},"yes_votes",[47,57887,107],{"class":83},[20,57889,57890,57892],{},[15,57891,56696],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,57894,57895,57896,1063,57898,84],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[154,57897,52176],{"href":50383},[154,57899,57901],{"href":57900},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[33,57903,722],{"id":721},[20,57905,7846,57906,84],{},[15,57907,56701],{},[724,57909,57911],{"id":57910},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,57913,57914,57916],{},[15,57915,56701],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[38,57918,57920],{"className":40,"code":57919,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,57921,57922,57955],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57923,57924,57926,57928,57930,57932,57935,57937,57939,57941,57943,57945,57947,57949,57951,57953],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57925,3466],{"class":53},[47,57927,58],{"class":57},[47,57929,3017],{"class":83},[47,57931,253],{"class":61},[47,57933,57934],{"class":65},"apple pie",[47,57936,253],{"class":61},[47,57938,590],{"class":83},[47,57940,62],{"class":61},[47,57942,288],{"class":65},[47,57944,253],{"class":61},[47,57946,590],{"class":83},[47,57948,62],{"class":61},[47,57950,57934],{"class":65},[47,57952,253],{"class":61},[47,57954,3030],{"class":83},[47,57956,57957,57959,57961,57963,57965,57967,57969,57971,57973,57975,57977],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,57958,98],{"class":97},[47,57960,101],{"class":83},[47,57962,3509],{"class":87},[47,57964,84],{"class":83},[47,57966,40663],{"class":87},[47,57968,101],{"class":83},[47,57970,253],{"class":61},[47,57972,3475],{"class":65},[47,57974,253],{"class":61},[47,57976,4761],{"class":83},[47,57978,50651],{"class":113},[20,57980,1879,57981,1883],{},[15,57982,1514],{},[20,57984,28465,57985,57987,57988,84],{},[15,57986,57239],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,57989,57990],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,57992,57993,57994,84],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,57995,57996],{},"str.count()",[724,57998,7852,58000,7855,58002,158,58004],{"id":57999},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58001,56696],{},[15,58003,2997],{},[15,58005,3070],{},[20,58007,58008,58010],{},[15,58009,56696],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[38,58012,58014],{"className":40,"code":58013,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58015,58016,58040],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58017,58018,58020,58022,58024,58026,58028,58030,58032,58034,58036,58038],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58019,3012],{"class":53},[47,58021,58],{"class":57},[47,58023,3017],{"class":83},[47,58025,2377],{"class":586},[47,58027,590],{"class":83},[47,58029,2382],{"class":586},[47,58031,590],{"class":83},[47,58033,2382],{"class":586},[47,58035,590],{"class":83},[47,58037,1841],{"class":586},[47,58039,3030],{"class":83},[47,58041,58042,58044,58046,58048,58050,58052,58054,58056,58058],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,58043,98],{"class":97},[47,58045,101],{"class":83},[47,58047,3044],{"class":87},[47,58049,84],{"class":83},[47,58051,40663],{"class":87},[47,58053,101],{"class":83},[47,58055,1449],{"class":586},[47,58057,4761],{"class":83},[47,58059,50819],{"class":113},[20,58061,58062],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[38,58064,58066],{"className":40,"code":58065,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58067,58068],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58069,58070,58072,58074,58076,58078,58080,58082],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58071,98],{"class":97},[47,58073,101],{"class":83},[47,58075,1449],{"class":586},[47,58077,20575],{"class":655},[47,58079,3659],{"class":87},[47,58081,3057],{"class":83},[47,58083,3060],{"class":113},[724,58085,58087],{"id":58086},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[38,58089,58091],{"className":40,"code":58090,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58092,58093,58126],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58094,58095,58097,58099,58101,58103,58105,58107,58109,58111,58113,58115,58117,58119,58122,58124],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58096,4392],{"class":53},[47,58098,58],{"class":57},[47,58100,3017],{"class":83},[47,58102,253],{"class":61},[47,58104,7075],{"class":65},[47,58106,253],{"class":61},[47,58108,590],{"class":83},[47,58110,62],{"class":61},[47,58112,19620],{"class":65},[47,58114,253],{"class":61},[47,58116,590],{"class":83},[47,58118,62],{"class":61},[47,58120,58121],{"class":65},"SAM",[47,58123,253],{"class":61},[47,58125,3030],{"class":83},[47,58127,58128,58130,58132,58134,58136,58138,58140,58142,58144,58146,58148],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,58129,98],{"class":97},[47,58131,101],{"class":83},[47,58133,4436],{"class":87},[47,58135,84],{"class":83},[47,58137,40663],{"class":87},[47,58139,101],{"class":83},[47,58141,253],{"class":61},[47,58143,19620],{"class":65},[47,58145,253],{"class":61},[47,58147,4761],{"class":83},[47,58149,27184],{"class":113},[20,58151,58152,58153,58156],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58154,58155],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[724,58158,29054,58160,32955],{"id":58159},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58161,56696],{},[20,58163,58164],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[38,58166,58168],{"className":40,"code":58167,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58169,58170,58180,58194,58212,58226,58238],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58171,58172,58174,58176,58178],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58173,98],{"class":97},[47,58175,101],{"class":83},[47,58177,7737],{"class":87},[47,58179,107],{"class":83},[47,58181,58182,58184,58186,58188,58190,58192],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,58183,98],{"class":97},[47,58185,101],{"class":83},[47,58187,2613],{"class":919},[47,58189,101],{"class":83},[47,58191,7737],{"class":87},[47,58193,1419],{"class":83},[47,58195,58196,58198,58200,58202,58204,58206,58208,58210],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,58197,98],{"class":97},[47,58199,101],{"class":83},[47,58201,7737],{"class":87},[47,58203,84],{"class":83},[47,58205,40663],{"class":87},[47,58207,101],{"class":83},[47,58209,1863],{"class":87},[47,58211,1419],{"class":83},[47,58213,58214,58216,58218,58220,58222,58224],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,58215,98],{"class":97},[47,58217,101],{"class":83},[47,58219,1836],{"class":87},[47,58221,3278],{"class":655},[47,58223,7794],{"class":87},[47,58225,107],{"class":83},[47,58227,58228,58230,58232,58234,58236],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,58229,5359],{"class":655},[47,58231,5362],{"class":53},[47,58233,3278],{"class":655},[47,58235,7794],{"class":53},[47,58237,679],{"class":83},[47,58239,58240,58242,58244,58246,58248,58250],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,58241,684],{"class":97},[47,58243,101],{"class":83},[47,58245,41182],{"class":97},[47,58247,101],{"class":83},[47,58249,22713],{"class":87},[47,58251,1419],{"class":83},[20,58253,58254],{},"These checks can help you see:",[133,58256,58257,58260,58263],{},[136,58258,58259],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[136,58261,58262],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[136,58264,58265],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58267,58268],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[133,58270,58271,58276,58279,58286],{},[136,58272,49896,58273,58275],{},[15,58274,56696],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[136,58277,58278],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[136,58280,10507,58281,58283,58284],{},[15,58282,56701],{}," with string ",[15,58285,56696],{},[136,58287,58288],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[33,58290,1155],{"id":1154},[724,58292,1159,58294,58296],{"id":58293},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58295,56701],{}," change the list?",[20,58298,58299],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[724,58301,58303],{"id":58302},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58305,11310,58306,84],{},[15,58307,1514],{},[724,58309,4568,58311,58313],{"id":58310},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58312,56701],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,58315,58316],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[724,58318,14305,58320,58322],{"id":58319},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58321,56701],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,58324,41555,58325,1063,58327,58329],{},[15,58326,57242],{},[15,58328,57239],{}," are different values.",[724,58331,4556,58333,58335,58336,1883],{"id":58332},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,58334,2997],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,58337,2377],{},[20,58339,8182,58340,58342,58343,1063,58345,58342,58347,84],{},[15,58341,2997],{}," compares equal to ",[15,58344,2377],{},[15,58346,3070],{},[15,58348,1514],{},[33,58350,1275],{"id":1274},[133,58352,58353,58357,58363,58367,58375,58382],{},[136,58354,58355],{},[154,58356,52176],{"href":50383},[136,58358,58359],{},[154,58360,58362],{"href":58361},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[136,58364,58365],{},[154,58366,6336],{"href":5597},[136,58368,58369],{},[154,58370,54925,58372,1289],{"href":58371},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,58373,58374],{},"index()",[136,58376,58377],{},[154,58378,2968,58380],{"href":58379},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,58381,41764],{},[136,58383,58384],{},[154,58385,58386],{"href":57900},"What is a list in Python",[1320,58388,58389],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":58391},[58392,58393,58395,58396,58397,58403,58409,58411,58419,58430],{"id":3001,"depth":72,"text":3002},{"id":56793,"depth":72,"text":58394},"What list.count() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":37424,"depth":72,"text":37425},{"id":57115,"depth":72,"text":57116,"children":58398},[58399,58400,58402],{"id":57147,"depth":94,"text":57148},{"id":57246,"depth":94,"text":58401},"1 and True can match",{"id":57345,"depth":94,"text":57346},{"id":57423,"depth":72,"text":57424,"children":58404},[58405,58406,58407,58408],{"id":57427,"depth":94,"text":57428},{"id":57506,"depth":94,"text":57507},{"id":57603,"depth":94,"text":57604},{"id":57678,"depth":94,"text":57679},{"id":57779,"depth":72,"text":58410},"When to use count()",{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722,"children":58412},[58413,58414,58416,58417],{"id":57910,"depth":94,"text":57911},{"id":57999,"depth":94,"text":58415},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58086,"depth":94,"text":58087},{"id":58159,"depth":94,"text":58418},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":58420},[58421,58423,58424,58426,58428],{"id":58293,"depth":94,"text":58422},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58302,"depth":94,"text":58303},{"id":58310,"depth":94,"text":58425},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58319,"depth":94,"text":58427},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58332,"depth":94,"text":58429},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":56688,"description":58431},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58438,"title":58439,"body":58440,"description":60402,"extension":1354,"meta":60403,"navigation":311,"path":60404,"seo":60405,"stem":60406,"__hash__":60407},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58441,"toc":60365},[58442,58445,58448,58450,58578,58582,58663,58674,58676,58695,58699,58702,58705,58723,58725,58768,58772,58797,58806,58810,58815,58818,58935,58939,59008,59012,59024,59028,59031,59072,59076,59089,59092,59177,59181,59214,59221,59227,59232,59234,59246,59250,59283,59287,59319,59323,59360,59364,59384,59388,59422,59426,59455,59466,59470,59473,59476,59489,59546,59550,59589,59595,59598,59600,59603,59607,59610,59635,59637,59662,59669,59672,59717,59721,59740,59743,59782,59789,59794,59827,59831,59932,59939,59972,59976,60002,60006,60009,60047,60050,60087,60091,60094,60113,60117,60178,60180,60198,60202,60205,60208,60237,60239,60243,60246,60254,60258,60261,60281,60287,60293,60297,60300,60307,60315,60317,60356,60362],[10,58443,58439],{"id":58444},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,58446,58447],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[33,58449,3002],{"id":3001},[38,58451,58453],{"className":40,"code":58452,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,58454,58455,58475,58507,58515,58533,58537,58547,58557,58568],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58456,58457,58459,58461,58463,58465,58467,58469,58471,58473],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58458,3012],{"class":53},[47,58460,58],{"class":57},[47,58462,3017],{"class":83},[47,58464,2377],{"class":586},[47,58466,590],{"class":83},[47,58468,2382],{"class":586},[47,58470,590],{"class":83},[47,58472,1841],{"class":586},[47,58474,3030],{"class":83},[47,58476,58477,58479,58481,58483,58485,58487,58489,58491,58493,58495,58497,58499,58501,58503,58505],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,58478,4392],{"class":53},[47,58480,58],{"class":57},[47,58482,3017],{"class":83},[47,58484,253],{"class":61},[47,58486,12280],{"class":65},[47,58488,253],{"class":61},[47,58490,590],{"class":83},[47,58492,62],{"class":61},[47,58494,35345],{"class":65},[47,58496,253],{"class":61},[47,58498,590],{"class":83},[47,58500,62],{"class":61},[47,58502,35354],{"class":65},[47,58504,253],{"class":61},[47,58506,3030],{"class":83},[47,58508,58509,58511,58513],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,58510,55336],{"class":53},[47,58512,58],{"class":57},[47,58514,7238],{"class":83},[47,58516,58517,58519,58521,58523,58525,58527,58529,58531],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,58518,35494],{"class":53},[47,58520,58],{"class":57},[47,58522,21962],{"class":919},[47,58524,101],{"class":83},[47,58526,253],{"class":61},[47,58528,40964],{"class":65},[47,58530,253],{"class":61},[47,58532,107],{"class":83},[47,58534,58535],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,58536,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,58538,58539,58541,58543,58545],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,58540,98],{"class":97},[47,58542,101],{"class":83},[47,58544,3044],{"class":87},[47,58546,107],{"class":83},[47,58548,58549,58551,58553,58555],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,58550,98],{"class":97},[47,58552,101],{"class":83},[47,58554,4436],{"class":87},[47,58556,107],{"class":83},[47,58558,58559,58561,58563,58566],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,58560,98],{"class":97},[47,58562,101],{"class":83},[47,58564,58565],{"class":87},"empty_list",[47,58567,107],{"class":83},[47,58569,58570,58572,58574,58576],{"class":49,"line":5831},[47,58571,98],{"class":97},[47,58573,101],{"class":83},[47,58575,35547],{"class":87},[47,58577,107],{"class":83},[20,58579,58580],{},[121,58581,338],{},[38,58583,58585],{"className":40,"code":58584,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,58586,58587,58603,58631,58635],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58588,58589,58591,58593,58595,58597,58599,58601],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58590,3296],{"class":83},[47,58592,2377],{"class":586},[47,58594,590],{"class":83},[47,58596,2382],{"class":586},[47,58598,590],{"class":83},[47,58600,1841],{"class":586},[47,58602,3030],{"class":83},[47,58604,58605,58607,58609,58611,58613,58615,58617,58619,58621,58623,58625,58627,58629],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,58606,3296],{"class":83},[47,58608,2693],{"class":61},[47,58610,12280],{"class":65},[47,58612,2693],{"class":61},[47,58614,590],{"class":83},[47,58616,2688],{"class":61},[47,58618,35345],{"class":65},[47,58620,2693],{"class":61},[47,58622,590],{"class":83},[47,58624,2688],{"class":61},[47,58626,35354],{"class":65},[47,58628,2693],{"class":61},[47,58630,3030],{"class":83},[47,58632,58633],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,58634,37702],{"class":83},[47,58636,58637,58639,58641,58643,58645,58647,58649,58651,58653,58655,58657,58659,58661],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,58638,3296],{"class":83},[47,58640,2693],{"class":61},[47,58642,154],{"class":65},[47,58644,2693],{"class":61},[47,58646,590],{"class":83},[47,58648,2688],{"class":61},[47,58650,4158],{"class":65},[47,58652,2693],{"class":61},[47,58654,590],{"class":83},[47,58656,2688],{"class":61},[47,58658,9138],{"class":65},[47,58660,2693],{"class":61},[47,58662,3030],{"class":83},[20,58664,58665,58666,58668,58669,58671,58672,84],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,58667,3183],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,58670,24184],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,58673,35602],{},[33,58675,14565],{"id":14564},[133,58677,58678,58681,58684,58687,58692],{},[136,58679,58680],{},"What a list is in Python",[136,58682,58683],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[136,58685,58686],{},"How to create an empty list",[136,58688,58689,58690,1691],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,58691,24184],{},[136,58693,58694],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[33,58696,58698],{"id":58697},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,58700,58701],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,58703,58704],{},"This means:",[133,58706,58707,58710,58713,58716],{},[136,58708,58709],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[136,58711,58712],{},"The order of items is kept",[136,58714,58715],{},"A list can hold different data types",[136,58717,58718,58719,58722],{},"A list is ",[121,58720,58721],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,58724,538],{},[38,58726,58728],{"className":40,"code":58727,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,58729,58730,58754,58758],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58731,58732,58734,58736,58738,58740,58742,58744,58746,58748,58750,58752],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58733,7178],{"class":53},[47,58735,58],{"class":57},[47,58737,3017],{"class":83},[47,58739,253],{"class":61},[47,58741,3475],{"class":65},[47,58743,253],{"class":61},[47,58745,590],{"class":83},[47,58747,5405],{"class":586},[47,58749,590],{"class":83},[47,58751,3312],{"class":1271},[47,58753,3030],{"class":83},[47,58755,58756],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,58757,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,58759,58760,58762,58764,58766],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,58761,98],{"class":97},[47,58763,101],{"class":83},[47,58765,7209],{"class":87},[47,58767,107],{"class":83},[20,58769,58770],{},[121,58771,338],{},[38,58773,58775],{"className":40,"code":58774,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,58776,58777],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58778,58779,58781,58783,58785,58787,58789,58791,58793,58795],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58780,3296],{"class":83},[47,58782,2693],{"class":61},[47,58784,3475],{"class":65},[47,58786,2693],{"class":61},[47,58788,590],{"class":83},[47,58790,5405],{"class":586},[47,58792,590],{"class":83},[47,58794,3312],{"class":1271},[47,58796,3030],{"class":83},[20,58798,58799,58800,158,58803,84],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[154,58801,58802],{"href":50383},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[154,58804,58805],{"href":57900},"What is a List in Python?",[33,58807,58809],{"id":58808},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,58811,58665,58812,58814],{},[15,58813,3183],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,58816,58817],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[38,58819,58821],{"className":40,"code":58820,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,58822,58823,58843,58875,58900,58904,58914,58924],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58824,58825,58827,58829,58831,58833,58835,58837,58839,58841],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58826,3012],{"class":53},[47,58828,58],{"class":57},[47,58830,3017],{"class":83},[47,58832,2377],{"class":586},[47,58834,590],{"class":83},[47,58836,2382],{"class":586},[47,58838,590],{"class":83},[47,58840,1841],{"class":586},[47,58842,3030],{"class":83},[47,58844,58845,58847,58849,58851,58853,58855,58857,58859,58861,58863,58865,58867,58869,58871,58873],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,58846,4392],{"class":53},[47,58848,58],{"class":57},[47,58850,3017],{"class":83},[47,58852,253],{"class":61},[47,58854,12280],{"class":65},[47,58856,253],{"class":61},[47,58858,590],{"class":83},[47,58860,62],{"class":61},[47,58862,35345],{"class":65},[47,58864,253],{"class":61},[47,58866,590],{"class":83},[47,58868,62],{"class":61},[47,58870,35354],{"class":65},[47,58872,253],{"class":61},[47,58874,3030],{"class":83},[47,58876,58877,58880,58882,58884,58886,58888,58890,58892,58894,58896,58898],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,58878,58879],{"class":53},"mixed ",[47,58881,58],{"class":57},[47,58883,3017],{"class":83},[47,58885,1719],{"class":586},[47,58887,590],{"class":83},[47,58889,62],{"class":61},[47,58891,256],{"class":65},[47,58893,253],{"class":61},[47,58895,590],{"class":83},[47,58897,3303],{"class":1271},[47,58899,3030],{"class":83},[47,58901,58902],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,58903,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,58905,58906,58908,58910,58912],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,58907,98],{"class":97},[47,58909,101],{"class":83},[47,58911,3044],{"class":87},[47,58913,107],{"class":83},[47,58915,58916,58918,58920,58922],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,58917,98],{"class":97},[47,58919,101],{"class":83},[47,58921,4436],{"class":87},[47,58923,107],{"class":83},[47,58925,58926,58928,58930,58933],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,58927,98],{"class":97},[47,58929,101],{"class":83},[47,58931,58932],{"class":87},"mixed",[47,58934,107],{"class":83},[20,58936,58937],{},[121,58938,338],{},[38,58940,58942],{"className":40,"code":58941,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,58943,58944,58960,58988],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58945,58946,58948,58950,58952,58954,58956,58958],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58947,3296],{"class":83},[47,58949,2377],{"class":586},[47,58951,590],{"class":83},[47,58953,2382],{"class":586},[47,58955,590],{"class":83},[47,58957,1841],{"class":586},[47,58959,3030],{"class":83},[47,58961,58962,58964,58966,58968,58970,58972,58974,58976,58978,58980,58982,58984,58986],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,58963,3296],{"class":83},[47,58965,2693],{"class":61},[47,58967,12280],{"class":65},[47,58969,2693],{"class":61},[47,58971,590],{"class":83},[47,58973,2688],{"class":61},[47,58975,35345],{"class":65},[47,58977,2693],{"class":61},[47,58979,590],{"class":83},[47,58981,2688],{"class":61},[47,58983,35354],{"class":65},[47,58985,2693],{"class":61},[47,58987,3030],{"class":83},[47,58989,58990,58992,58994,58996,58998,59000,59002,59004,59006],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,58991,3296],{"class":83},[47,58993,1719],{"class":586},[47,58995,590],{"class":83},[47,58997,2688],{"class":61},[47,58999,256],{"class":65},[47,59001,2693],{"class":61},[47,59003,590],{"class":83},[47,59005,3303],{"class":1271},[47,59007,3030],{"class":83},[724,59009,59011],{"id":59010},"key-points","Key points",[133,59013,59014,59019,59021],{},[136,59015,1486,59016,59018],{},[15,59017,3183],{}," to make a new list",[136,59020,14835],{},[136,59022,59023],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[33,59025,59027],{"id":59026},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59029,59030],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[38,59032,59034],{"className":40,"code":59033,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59035,59036,59044,59048,59058],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59037,59038,59040,59042],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59039,7706],{"class":53},[47,59041,58],{"class":57},[47,59043,7238],{"class":83},[47,59045,59046],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,59047,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,59049,59050,59052,59054,59056],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,59051,98],{"class":97},[47,59053,101],{"class":83},[47,59055,7737],{"class":87},[47,59057,107],{"class":83},[47,59059,59060,59062,59064,59066,59068,59070],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,59061,98],{"class":97},[47,59063,101],{"class":83},[47,59065,10562],{"class":97},[47,59067,101],{"class":83},[47,59069,7737],{"class":87},[47,59071,1419],{"class":83},[20,59073,59074],{},[121,59075,338],{},[38,59077,59079],{"className":40,"code":59078,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[]\n0\n",[15,59080,59081,59085],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59082,59083],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59084,37702],{"class":83},[47,59086,59087],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,59088,46656],{"class":586},[20,59090,59091],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[38,59093,59095],{"className":40,"code":59094,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59096,59097,59105,59109,59127,59145,59163,59167],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59098,59099,59101,59103],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59100,4392],{"class":53},[47,59102,58],{"class":57},[47,59104,7238],{"class":83},[47,59106,59107],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,59108,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,59110,59111,59113,59115,59117,59119,59121,59123,59125],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,59112,4436],{"class":53},[47,59114,84],{"class":83},[47,59116,12954],{"class":87},[47,59118,101],{"class":83},[47,59120,253],{"class":61},[47,59122,12280],{"class":65},[47,59124,253],{"class":61},[47,59126,107],{"class":83},[47,59128,59129,59131,59133,59135,59137,59139,59141,59143],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,59130,4436],{"class":53},[47,59132,84],{"class":83},[47,59134,12954],{"class":87},[47,59136,101],{"class":83},[47,59138,253],{"class":61},[47,59140,35345],{"class":65},[47,59142,253],{"class":61},[47,59144,107],{"class":83},[47,59146,59147,59149,59151,59153,59155,59157,59159,59161],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,59148,4436],{"class":53},[47,59150,84],{"class":83},[47,59152,12954],{"class":87},[47,59154,101],{"class":83},[47,59156,253],{"class":61},[47,59158,35354],{"class":65},[47,59160,253],{"class":61},[47,59162,107],{"class":83},[47,59164,59165],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,59166,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,59168,59169,59171,59173,59175],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,59170,98],{"class":97},[47,59172,101],{"class":83},[47,59174,4436],{"class":87},[47,59176,107],{"class":83},[20,59178,59179],{},[121,59180,338],{},[38,59182,59184],{"className":40,"code":59183,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59185,59186],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59187,59188,59190,59192,59194,59196,59198,59200,59202,59204,59206,59208,59210,59212],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59189,3296],{"class":83},[47,59191,2693],{"class":61},[47,59193,12280],{"class":65},[47,59195,2693],{"class":61},[47,59197,590],{"class":83},[47,59199,2688],{"class":61},[47,59201,35345],{"class":65},[47,59203,2693],{"class":61},[47,59205,590],{"class":83},[47,59207,2688],{"class":61},[47,59209,35354],{"class":65},[47,59211,2693],{"class":61},[47,59213,3030],{"class":83},[20,59215,59216,59217,84],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[154,59218,59219,1289],{"href":56174},[15,59220,52057],{},[33,59222,59224,59225],{"id":59223},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59226,24184],{},[20,59228,1486,59229,59231],{},[15,59230,24184],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59233,4857],{},[133,59235,59236,59238,59240,59242],{},[136,59237,4708],{},[136,59239,4702],{},[136,59241,4705],{},[136,59243,59244],{},[15,59245,35602],{},[724,59247,59249],{"id":59248},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[38,59251,59253],{"className":40,"code":59252,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59254,59255,59273],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59256,59257,59259,59261,59263,59265,59267,59269,59271],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59258,35494],{"class":53},[47,59260,58],{"class":57},[47,59262,21962],{"class":919},[47,59264,101],{"class":83},[47,59266,253],{"class":61},[47,59268,40964],{"class":65},[47,59270,253],{"class":61},[47,59272,107],{"class":83},[47,59274,59275,59277,59279,59281],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,59276,98],{"class":97},[47,59278,101],{"class":83},[47,59280,35547],{"class":87},[47,59282,107],{"class":83},[20,59284,59285],{},[121,59286,338],{},[38,59288,59289],{"className":40,"code":42278,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,59290,59291],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59292,59293,59295,59297,59299,59301,59303,59305,59307,59309,59311,59313,59315,59317],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59294,3296],{"class":83},[47,59296,2693],{"class":61},[47,59298,154],{"class":65},[47,59300,2693],{"class":61},[47,59302,590],{"class":83},[47,59304,2688],{"class":61},[47,59306,4158],{"class":65},[47,59308,2693],{"class":61},[47,59310,590],{"class":83},[47,59312,2688],{"class":61},[47,59314,9138],{"class":65},[47,59316,2693],{"class":61},[47,59318,3030],{"class":83},[724,59320,59322],{"id":59321},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[38,59324,59326],{"className":40,"code":59325,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,59327,59328,59350],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59329,59330,59332,59334,59336,59338,59340,59342,59344,59346,59348],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59331,3012],{"class":53},[47,59333,58],{"class":57},[47,59335,21962],{"class":919},[47,59337,4911],{"class":83},[47,59339,2377],{"class":586},[47,59341,590],{"class":83},[47,59343,2382],{"class":586},[47,59345,590],{"class":83},[47,59347,1841],{"class":586},[47,59349,1419],{"class":83},[47,59351,59352,59354,59356,59358],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,59353,98],{"class":97},[47,59355,101],{"class":83},[47,59357,3044],{"class":87},[47,59359,107],{"class":83},[20,59361,59362],{},[121,59363,338],{},[38,59365,59366],{"className":40,"code":54555,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,59367,59368],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59369,59370,59372,59374,59376,59378,59380,59382],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59371,3296],{"class":83},[47,59373,2377],{"class":586},[47,59375,590],{"class":83},[47,59377,2382],{"class":586},[47,59379,590],{"class":83},[47,59381,1841],{"class":586},[47,59383,3030],{"class":83},[724,59385,59387],{"id":59386},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[38,59389,59391],{"className":40,"code":59390,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,59392,59393,59412],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59394,59395,59397,59399,59401,59403,59406,59408,59410],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59396,3219],{"class":53},[47,59398,58],{"class":57},[47,59400,21962],{"class":919},[47,59402,101],{"class":83},[47,59404,59405],{"class":97},"range",[47,59407,101],{"class":83},[47,59409,1531],{"class":586},[47,59411,1419],{"class":83},[47,59413,59414,59416,59418,59420],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,59415,98],{"class":97},[47,59417,101],{"class":83},[47,59419,4758],{"class":87},[47,59421,107],{"class":83},[20,59423,59424],{},[121,59425,338],{},[38,59427,59429],{"className":40,"code":59428,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,59430,59431],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59432,59433,59435,59437,59439,59441,59443,59445,59447,59449,59451,59453],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59434,3296],{"class":83},[47,59436,1514],{"class":586},[47,59438,590],{"class":83},[47,59440,4898],{"class":586},[47,59442,590],{"class":83},[47,59444,2382],{"class":586},[47,59446,590],{"class":83},[47,59448,1841],{"class":586},[47,59450,590],{"class":83},[47,59452,1847],{"class":586},[47,59454,3030],{"class":83},[20,59456,59457,59459,59460,84],{},[15,59458,24184],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[154,59461,59463,59465],{"href":59462},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,59464,24184],{},": Function Explained",[33,59467,59469],{"id":59468},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,59471,59472],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,59474,59475],{},"Examples include:",[133,59477,59478,59480,59482,59484,59486],{},[136,59479,4708],{},[136,59481,39827],{},[136,59483,51450],{},[136,59485,39997],{},[136,59487,59488],{},"other lists",[38,59490,59492],{"className":40,"code":59491,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,59493,59494,59532,59536],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59495,59496,59498,59500,59502,59504,59506,59508,59510,59512,59514,59516,59518,59520,59522,59524,59526,59528,59530],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59497,8563],{"class":53},[47,59499,58],{"class":57},[47,59501,3017],{"class":83},[47,59503,253],{"class":61},[47,59505,12280],{"class":65},[47,59507,253],{"class":61},[47,59509,590],{"class":83},[47,59511,8704],{"class":586},[47,59513,590],{"class":83},[47,59515,3312],{"class":1271},[47,59517,590],{"class":83},[47,59519,3017],{"class":83},[47,59521,2377],{"class":586},[47,59523,590],{"class":83},[47,59525,2382],{"class":586},[47,59527,590],{"class":83},[47,59529,1841],{"class":586},[47,59531,52647],{"class":83},[47,59533,59534],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,59535,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,59537,59538,59540,59542,59544],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,59539,98],{"class":97},[47,59541,101],{"class":83},[47,59543,8602],{"class":87},[47,59545,107],{"class":83},[20,59547,59548],{},[121,59549,338],{},[38,59551,59553],{"className":40,"code":59552,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,59554,59555],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59556,59557,59559,59561,59563,59565,59567,59569,59571,59573,59575,59577,59579,59581,59583,59585,59587],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59558,3296],{"class":83},[47,59560,2693],{"class":61},[47,59562,12280],{"class":65},[47,59564,2693],{"class":61},[47,59566,590],{"class":83},[47,59568,8704],{"class":586},[47,59570,590],{"class":83},[47,59572,3312],{"class":1271},[47,59574,590],{"class":83},[47,59576,3017],{"class":83},[47,59578,2377],{"class":586},[47,59580,590],{"class":83},[47,59582,2382],{"class":586},[47,59584,590],{"class":83},[47,59586,1841],{"class":586},[47,59588,52647],{"class":83},[20,59590,59591,59592,84],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[121,59593,59594],{},"nested list",[20,59596,59597],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[33,59599,3915],{"id":3914},[20,59601,59602],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[724,59604,59606],{"id":59605},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,59608,59609],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[38,59611,59613],{"className":40,"code":59612,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,59614,59615,59619],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59616,59617],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59618,3932],{"class":113},[47,59620,59621,59623,59625,59627,59629,59631,59633],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,59622,3012],{"class":53},[47,59624,58],{"class":57},[47,59626,3017],{"class":83},[47,59628,2377],{"class":586},[47,59630,2382],{"class":586},[47,59632,1841],{"class":586},[47,59634,3030],{"class":83},[20,59636,10207],{},[38,59638,59640],{"className":40,"code":59639,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,59641,59642],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59643,59644,59646,59648,59650,59652,59654,59656,59658,59660],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59645,3012],{"class":53},[47,59647,58],{"class":57},[47,59649,3017],{"class":83},[47,59651,2377],{"class":586},[47,59653,590],{"class":83},[47,59655,2382],{"class":586},[47,59657,590],{"class":83},[47,59659,1841],{"class":586},[47,59661,3030],{"class":83},[724,59663,7816,59665,10492,59667],{"id":59664},"using-instead-of",[15,59666,666],{},[15,59668,3183],{},[20,59670,59671],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[38,59673,59675],{"className":40,"code":59674,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,59676,59677,59698,59702],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59678,59679,59682,59684,59686,59688,59690,59692,59694,59696],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59680,59681],{"class":53},"my_values ",[47,59683,58],{"class":57},[47,59685,8634],{"class":83},[47,59687,2377],{"class":586},[47,59689,590],{"class":83},[47,59691,2382],{"class":586},[47,59693,590],{"class":83},[47,59695,1841],{"class":586},[47,59697,107],{"class":83},[47,59699,59700],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,59701,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,59703,59704,59706,59708,59710,59712,59715],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,59705,98],{"class":97},[47,59707,101],{"class":83},[47,59709,2613],{"class":919},[47,59711,101],{"class":83},[47,59713,59714],{"class":87},"my_values",[47,59716,1419],{"class":83},[20,59718,59719],{},[121,59720,338],{},[38,59722,59724],{"className":40,"code":59723,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,59725,59726],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59727,59728,59730,59732,59734,59736,59738],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59729,2682],{"class":57},[47,59731,2685],{"class":1458},[47,59733,2688],{"class":61},[47,59735,48357],{"class":65},[47,59737,2693],{"class":61},[47,59739,2696],{"class":57},[20,59741,59742],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[38,59744,59746],{"className":40,"code":59745,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,59747,59748,59768],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59749,59750,59752,59754,59756,59758,59760,59762,59764,59766],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59751,59681],{"class":53},[47,59753,58],{"class":57},[47,59755,3017],{"class":83},[47,59757,2377],{"class":586},[47,59759,590],{"class":83},[47,59761,2382],{"class":586},[47,59763,590],{"class":83},[47,59765,1841],{"class":586},[47,59767,3030],{"class":83},[47,59769,59770,59772,59774,59776,59778,59780],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,59771,98],{"class":97},[47,59773,101],{"class":83},[47,59775,2613],{"class":919},[47,59777,101],{"class":83},[47,59779,59714],{"class":87},[47,59781,1419],{"class":83},[724,59783,7852,59785,59788],{"id":59784},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,59786,59787],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,59790,59791,59793],{},[15,59792,24184],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[38,59795,59797],{"className":40,"code":59796,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,59798,59799,59817],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59800,59801,59803,59805,59807,59809,59811,59813,59815],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59802,75],{"class":53},[47,59804,58],{"class":57},[47,59806,21962],{"class":919},[47,59808,101],{"class":83},[47,59810,253],{"class":61},[47,59812,974],{"class":65},[47,59814,253],{"class":61},[47,59816,107],{"class":83},[47,59818,59819,59821,59823,59825],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,59820,98],{"class":97},[47,59822,101],{"class":83},[47,59824,104],{"class":87},[47,59826,107],{"class":83},[20,59828,59829],{},[121,59830,338],{},[38,59832,59834],{"className":40,"code":59833,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,59835,59836],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59837,59838,59840,59842,59845,59847,59849,59851,59854,59856,59858,59860,59863,59865,59867,59869,59871,59873,59875,59877,59880,59882,59884,59886,59888,59890,59892,59895,59897,59899,59901,59903,59905,59907,59909,59912,59914,59916,59918,59920,59922,59924,59926,59928,59930],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59839,3296],{"class":83},[47,59841,2693],{"class":61},[47,59843,59844],{"class":65},"h",[47,59846,2693],{"class":61},[47,59848,590],{"class":83},[47,59850,2688],{"class":61},[47,59852,59853],{"class":65},"e",[47,59855,2693],{"class":61},[47,59857,590],{"class":83},[47,59859,2688],{"class":61},[47,59861,59862],{"class":65},"l",[47,59864,2693],{"class":61},[47,59866,590],{"class":83},[47,59868,2688],{"class":61},[47,59870,59862],{"class":65},[47,59872,2693],{"class":61},[47,59874,590],{"class":83},[47,59876,2688],{"class":61},[47,59878,59879],{"class":65},"o",[47,59881,2693],{"class":61},[47,59883,590],{"class":83},[47,59885,2688],{"class":61},[47,59887,2688],{"class":61},[47,59889,590],{"class":83},[47,59891,2688],{"class":61},[47,59893,59894],{"class":65},"w",[47,59896,2693],{"class":61},[47,59898,590],{"class":83},[47,59900,2688],{"class":61},[47,59902,59879],{"class":65},[47,59904,2693],{"class":61},[47,59906,590],{"class":83},[47,59908,2688],{"class":61},[47,59910,59911],{"class":65},"r",[47,59913,2693],{"class":61},[47,59915,590],{"class":83},[47,59917,2688],{"class":61},[47,59919,59862],{"class":65},[47,59921,2693],{"class":61},[47,59923,590],{"class":83},[47,59925,2688],{"class":61},[47,59927,18170],{"class":65},[47,59929,2693],{"class":61},[47,59931,3030],{"class":83},[20,59933,59934,59935,59938],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,59936,59937],{},"split()"," instead:",[38,59940,59942],{"className":40,"code":59941,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,59943,59944,59962],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59945,59946,59948,59950,59952,59954,59956,59958,59960],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59947,3466],{"class":53},[47,59949,58],{"class":57},[47,59951,62],{"class":61},[47,59953,974],{"class":65},[47,59955,253],{"class":61},[47,59957,84],{"class":83},[47,59959,33874],{"class":87},[47,59961,91],{"class":83},[47,59963,59964,59966,59968,59970],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,59965,98],{"class":97},[47,59967,101],{"class":83},[47,59969,3509],{"class":87},[47,59971,107],{"class":83},[20,59973,59974],{},[121,59975,338],{},[38,59977,59979],{"className":40,"code":59978,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,59980,59981],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59982,59983,59985,59987,59989,59991,59993,59995,59998,60000],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59984,3296],{"class":83},[47,59986,2693],{"class":61},[47,59988,256],{"class":65},[47,59990,2693],{"class":61},[47,59992,590],{"class":83},[47,59994,2688],{"class":61},[47,59996,59997],{"class":65},"world",[47,59999,2693],{"class":61},[47,60001,3030],{"class":83},[724,60003,60005],{"id":60004},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60007,60008],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[38,60010,60012],{"className":40,"code":60011,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60013,60014,60018],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60015,60016],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60017,3932],{"class":113},[47,60019,60020,60022,60024,60026,60028,60030,60032,60034,60036,60039,60041,60043,60045],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,60021,4392],{"class":53},[47,60023,58],{"class":57},[47,60025,3017],{"class":83},[47,60027,253],{"class":61},[47,60029,12280],{"class":65},[47,60031,253],{"class":61},[47,60033,590],{"class":83},[47,60035,62],{"class":61},[47,60037,60038],{"class":65},"Ben', ",[47,60040,253],{"class":61},[47,60042,35354],{"class":53},[47,60044,253],{"class":61},[47,60046,3030],{"class":65},[20,60048,60049],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[38,60051,60053],{"className":40,"code":60052,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60054,60055],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60056,60057,60059,60061,60063,60065,60067,60069,60071,60073,60075,60077,60079,60081,60083,60085],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60058,4392],{"class":53},[47,60060,58],{"class":57},[47,60062,3017],{"class":83},[47,60064,253],{"class":61},[47,60066,12280],{"class":65},[47,60068,253],{"class":61},[47,60070,590],{"class":83},[47,60072,62],{"class":61},[47,60074,35345],{"class":65},[47,60076,253],{"class":61},[47,60078,590],{"class":83},[47,60080,62],{"class":61},[47,60082,35354],{"class":65},[47,60084,253],{"class":61},[47,60086,3030],{"class":83},[724,60088,60090],{"id":60089},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60092,60093],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[133,60095,60096,60099,60102,60107],{},[136,60097,60098],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[136,60100,60101],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[136,60103,60104,60105],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60106,24184],{},[136,60108,7852,60109,60112],{},[15,60110,60111],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[724,60114,60116],{"id":60115},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[38,60118,60120],{"className":40,"code":60119,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60121,60122,60132,60146,60160],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60123,60124,60126,60128,60130],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60125,98],{"class":97},[47,60127,101],{"class":83},[47,60129,7737],{"class":87},[47,60131,107],{"class":83},[47,60133,60134,60136,60138,60140,60142,60144],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,60135,98],{"class":97},[47,60137,101],{"class":83},[47,60139,2613],{"class":919},[47,60141,101],{"class":83},[47,60143,7737],{"class":87},[47,60145,1419],{"class":83},[47,60147,60148,60150,60152,60154,60156,60158],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,60149,98],{"class":97},[47,60151,101],{"class":83},[47,60153,10562],{"class":97},[47,60155,101],{"class":83},[47,60157,7737],{"class":87},[47,60159,1419],{"class":83},[47,60161,60162,60164,60166,60168,60170,60172,60174,60176],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,60163,98],{"class":97},[47,60165,101],{"class":83},[47,60167,7492],{"class":919},[47,60169,101],{"class":83},[47,60171,59405],{"class":97},[47,60173,101],{"class":83},[47,60175,1531],{"class":586},[47,60177,2300],{"class":83},[20,60179,25412],{},[133,60181,60182,60185,60188,60191],{},[136,60183,60184],{},"what the list contains",[136,60186,60187],{},"whether the value is really a list",[136,60189,60190],{},"how many items it has",[136,60192,25423,60193,60195,60196],{},[15,60194,24184],{}," does with ",[15,60197,35602],{},[33,60199,60201],{"id":60200},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60203,60204],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60206,60207],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[133,60209,60210,60225,60230],{},[136,60211,1486,60212,712,60216,16474,60220,60224],{},[154,60213,60214],{"href":56174},[15,60215,52057],{},[154,60217,60218],{"href":52749},[15,60219,52851],{},[154,60221,60222],{"href":53313},[15,60223,53673],{}," to add items later",[136,60226,1486,60227,60229],{},[154,60228,58802],{"href":50383}," for a broader introduction",[136,60231,1486,60232,60236],{},[154,60233,60234,59465],{"href":59462},[15,60235,24184],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[33,60238,1155],{"id":1154},[724,60240,60242],{"id":60241},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60244,60245],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[38,60247,60248],{"className":40,"code":37702,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,60249,60250],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60251,60252],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60253,37702],{"class":83},[724,60255,60257],{"id":60256},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60259,60260],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[38,60262,60263],{"className":40,"code":54555,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,60264,60265],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60266,60267,60269,60271,60273,60275,60277,60279],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60268,3296],{"class":83},[47,60270,2377],{"class":586},[47,60272,590],{"class":83},[47,60274,2382],{"class":586},[47,60276,590],{"class":83},[47,60278,1841],{"class":586},[47,60280,3030],{"class":83},[724,60282,4540,60284,60286],{"id":60283},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60285,24184],{}," do in Python?",[20,60288,60289,60290,60292],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60291,35602],{},", into a list.",[724,60294,60296],{"id":60295},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60298,60299],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[724,60301,4578,60303,1063,60305,1883],{"id":60302},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60304,3183],{},[15,60306,666],{},[20,60308,60309,60311,60312,60314],{},[15,60310,3183],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60313,666],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[33,60316,1275],{"id":1274},[133,60318,60319,60323,60329,60335,60341,60347,60351],{},[136,60320,60321],{},[154,60322,58802],{"href":50383},[136,60324,60325],{},[154,60326,54925,60327,18],{"href":56174},[15,60328,52057],{},[136,60330,60331],{},[154,60332,54925,60333,18],{"href":52749},[15,60334,52851],{},[136,60336,60337],{},[154,60338,54925,60339,18],{"href":53313},[15,60340,53673],{},[136,60342,60343],{},[154,60344,2968,60345,2972],{"href":59462},[15,60346,24184],{},[136,60348,60349],{},[154,60350,58805],{"href":57900},[136,60352,60353],{},[154,60354,60355],{"href":11464},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,60357,60358,60359,60361],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,60360,52057],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1320,60363,60364],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":60366},[60367,60368,60369,60370,60373,60374,60380,60381,60391,60392,60401],{"id":3001,"depth":72,"text":3002},{"id":14564,"depth":72,"text":14565},{"id":58697,"depth":72,"text":58698},{"id":58808,"depth":72,"text":58809,"children":60371},[60372],{"id":59010,"depth":94,"text":59011},{"id":59026,"depth":72,"text":59027},{"id":59223,"depth":72,"text":60375,"children":60376},"Create a list with list()",[60377,60378,60379],{"id":59248,"depth":94,"text":59249},{"id":59321,"depth":94,"text":59322},{"id":59386,"depth":94,"text":59387},{"id":59468,"depth":72,"text":59469},{"id":3914,"depth":72,"text":3915,"children":60382},[60383,60384,60386,60388,60389,60390],{"id":59605,"depth":94,"text":59606},{"id":59664,"depth":94,"text":60385},"Using () instead of []",{"id":59784,"depth":94,"text":60387},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60004,"depth":94,"text":60005},{"id":60089,"depth":94,"text":60090},{"id":60115,"depth":94,"text":60116},{"id":60200,"depth":72,"text":60201},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":60393},[60394,60395,60396,60398,60399],{"id":60241,"depth":94,"text":60242},{"id":60256,"depth":94,"text":60257},{"id":60283,"depth":94,"text":60397},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60295,"depth":94,"text":60296},{"id":60302,"depth":94,"text":60400},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58439,"description":60402},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60409,"title":60410,"body":60411,"description":62151,"extension":1354,"meta":62152,"navigation":311,"path":62153,"seo":62154,"stem":62155,"__hash__":62156},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60412,"toc":62106},[60413,60418,60423,60426,60428,60499,60504,60509,60513,60527,60532,60534,60554,60559,60562,60584,60588,60593,60685,60687,60709,60715,60721,60728,60735,60741,60798,60804,60862,60864,60876,60884,60890,60895,60899,60956,60959,60963,61022,61025,61029,61087,61099,61103,61156,61159,61163,61169,61175,61237,61240,61301,61304,61360,61365,61367,61371,61378,61439,61444,61453,61509,61516,61520,61578,61587,61645,61649,61684,61688,61698,61701,61756,61770,61773,61888,61893,61897,61908,61910,61989,61999,62001,62006,62011,62018,62026,62032,62035,62041,62044,62050,62056,62058,62094,62103],[10,60414,53747,60416,18],{"id":60415},"python-list-extend-method",[15,60417,52851],{},[20,60419,60420,60422],{},[15,60421,52752],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,60424,60425],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[33,60427,36],{"id":35},[38,60429,60431],{"className":40,"code":60430,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60432,60433,60449,60466,60470,60485,60495],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60434,60435,60437,60439,60441,60443,60445,60447],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60436,3012],{"class":53},[47,60438,58],{"class":57},[47,60440,3017],{"class":83},[47,60442,2377],{"class":586},[47,60444,590],{"class":83},[47,60446,2382],{"class":586},[47,60448,3030],{"class":83},[47,60450,60451,60454,60456,60458,60460,60462,60464],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,60452,60453],{"class":53},"more_numbers ",[47,60455,58],{"class":57},[47,60457,3017],{"class":83},[47,60459,1455],{"class":586},[47,60461,590],{"class":83},[47,60463,1847],{"class":586},[47,60465,3030],{"class":83},[47,60467,60468],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,60469,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,60471,60472,60474,60476,60478,60480,60483],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,60473,3044],{"class":53},[47,60475,84],{"class":83},[47,60477,52881],{"class":87},[47,60479,101],{"class":83},[47,60481,60482],{"class":87},"more_numbers",[47,60484,107],{"class":83},[47,60486,60487,60489,60491,60493],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,60488,98],{"class":97},[47,60490,101],{"class":83},[47,60492,3044],{"class":87},[47,60494,107],{"class":83},[47,60496,60497],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,60498,52128],{"class":113},[20,60500,1486,60501,60503],{},[15,60502,52851],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[33,60505,128,60507,131],{"id":60506},"what-listextend-does",[15,60508,52752],{},[20,60510,60511,1032],{},[15,60512,52851],{},[133,60514,60515,60518,60520,60523],{},[136,60516,60517],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[136,60519,53833],{},[136,60521,60522],{},"Does not create a new list",[136,60524,10824,60525],{},[15,60526,3174],{},[20,60528,60529,60530,53206],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,60531,52851],{},[33,60533,166],{"id":165},[38,60535,60537],{"className":40,"code":60536,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,60538,60539],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60540,60541,60544,60546,60548,60550,60552],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60542,60543],{"class":53},"list_name",[47,60545,84],{"class":83},[47,60547,52881],{"class":87},[47,60549,101],{"class":83},[47,60551,3116],{"class":87},[47,60553,107],{"class":83},[20,60555,4852,60556,60558],{},[121,60557,3116],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,60560,60561],{},"Common iterables include:",[133,60563,60564,60568,60572,60576,60580],{},[136,60565,60566],{},[15,60567,7492],{},[136,60569,60570],{},[15,60571,48357],{},[136,60573,60574],{},[15,60575,5687],{},[136,60577,60578],{},[15,60579,179],{},[136,60581,60582],{},[15,60583,59405],{},[33,60585,60587],{"id":60586},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,60589,60590,60591,1032],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,60592,52851],{},[38,60594,60596],{"className":40,"code":60595,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,60597,60598,60622,60647,60651,60666,60670,60680],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60599,60600,60602,60604,60606,60608,60610,60612,60614,60616,60618,60620],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60601,35643],{"class":53},[47,60603,58],{"class":57},[47,60605,3017],{"class":83},[47,60607,253],{"class":61},[47,60609,3475],{"class":65},[47,60611,253],{"class":61},[47,60613,590],{"class":83},[47,60615,62],{"class":61},[47,60617,288],{"class":65},[47,60619,253],{"class":61},[47,60621,3030],{"class":83},[47,60623,60624,60627,60629,60631,60633,60635,60637,60639,60641,60643,60645],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,60625,60626],{"class":53},"more_fruits ",[47,60628,58],{"class":57},[47,60630,3017],{"class":83},[47,60632,253],{"class":61},[47,60634,32627],{"class":65},[47,60636,253],{"class":61},[47,60638,590],{"class":83},[47,60640,62],{"class":61},[47,60642,21935],{"class":65},[47,60644,253],{"class":61},[47,60646,3030],{"class":83},[47,60648,60649],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,60650,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,60652,60653,60655,60657,60659,60661,60664],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,60654,35695],{"class":53},[47,60656,84],{"class":83},[47,60658,52881],{"class":87},[47,60660,101],{"class":83},[47,60662,60663],{"class":87},"more_fruits",[47,60665,107],{"class":83},[47,60667,60668],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,60669,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,60671,60672,60674,60676,60678],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,60673,98],{"class":97},[47,60675,101],{"class":83},[47,60677,35695],{"class":87},[47,60679,107],{"class":83},[47,60681,60682],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,60683,60684],{"class":113},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,60686,11082],{},[133,60688,60689,60694,60699],{},[136,60690,60691,60693],{},[15,60692,35695],{}," starts with two items",[136,60695,60696,60698],{},[15,60697,60663],{}," has two more items",[136,60700,60701,60703,60704,60706,60707],{},[15,60702,52851],{}," adds each item from ",[15,60705,60663],{}," to ",[15,60708,35695],{},[20,60710,60711,60712,60714],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,60713,35695],{}," contains all four items.",[20,60716,53972,60717,1063,60719,84],{},[154,60718,52176],{"href":50383},[154,60720,56560],{"href":56559},[33,60722,60724,9985,60726],{"id":60723},"extend-vs-append",[15,60725,52851],{},[15,60727,52057],{},[20,60729,60730,1063,60732,60734],{},[15,60731,52851],{},[15,60733,52057],{}," are often confused.",[724,60736,60738,60740],{"id":60737},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,60739,52851],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[38,60742,60744],{"className":40,"code":60743,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60745,60746,60762,60780,60784,60794],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60747,60748,60750,60752,60754,60756,60758,60760],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60749,3012],{"class":53},[47,60751,58],{"class":57},[47,60753,3017],{"class":83},[47,60755,2377],{"class":586},[47,60757,590],{"class":83},[47,60759,2382],{"class":586},[47,60761,3030],{"class":83},[47,60763,60764,60766,60768,60770,60772,60774,60776,60778],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,60765,3044],{"class":53},[47,60767,84],{"class":83},[47,60769,52881],{"class":87},[47,60771,2374],{"class":83},[47,60773,1455],{"class":586},[47,60775,590],{"class":83},[47,60777,1847],{"class":586},[47,60779,3284],{"class":83},[47,60781,60782],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,60783,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,60785,60786,60788,60790,60792],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,60787,98],{"class":97},[47,60789,101],{"class":83},[47,60791,3044],{"class":87},[47,60793,107],{"class":83},[47,60795,60796],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,60797,52128],{"class":113},[724,60799,60801,60803],{"id":60800},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,60802,52057],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[38,60805,60807],{"className":40,"code":60806,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,60808,60809,60825,60843,60847,60857],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60810,60811,60813,60815,60817,60819,60821,60823],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60812,3012],{"class":53},[47,60814,58],{"class":57},[47,60816,3017],{"class":83},[47,60818,2377],{"class":586},[47,60820,590],{"class":83},[47,60822,2382],{"class":586},[47,60824,3030],{"class":83},[47,60826,60827,60829,60831,60833,60835,60837,60839,60841],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,60828,3044],{"class":53},[47,60830,84],{"class":83},[47,60832,12954],{"class":87},[47,60834,2374],{"class":83},[47,60836,1455],{"class":586},[47,60838,590],{"class":83},[47,60840,1847],{"class":586},[47,60842,3284],{"class":83},[47,60844,60845],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,60846,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,60848,60849,60851,60853,60855],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,60850,98],{"class":97},[47,60852,101],{"class":83},[47,60854,3044],{"class":87},[47,60856,107],{"class":83},[47,60858,60859],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,60860,60861],{"class":113},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,60863,18097],{},[133,60865,60866,60871],{},[136,60867,60868,60870],{},[15,60869,52851],{}," to combine values",[136,60872,60873,60875],{},[15,60874,52057],{}," to add one item",[20,60877,41496,60878,1063,60882,84],{},[154,60879,54925,60880,1289],{"href":56174},[15,60881,52057],{},[154,60883,52454],{"href":52453},[33,60885,7816,60887,60889],{"id":60886},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,60888,52851],{}," with different iterables",[20,60891,60892,60894],{},[15,60893,52851],{}," works with more than just lists.",[724,60896,60898],{"id":60897},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[38,60900,60902],{"className":40,"code":60901,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60903,60904,60920,60938,60942,60952],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60905,60906,60908,60910,60912,60914,60916,60918],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60907,3219],{"class":53},[47,60909,58],{"class":57},[47,60911,3017],{"class":83},[47,60913,2377],{"class":586},[47,60915,590],{"class":83},[47,60917,2382],{"class":586},[47,60919,3030],{"class":83},[47,60921,60922,60924,60926,60928,60930,60932,60934,60936],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,60923,4758],{"class":53},[47,60925,84],{"class":83},[47,60927,52881],{"class":87},[47,60929,4911],{"class":83},[47,60931,1455],{"class":586},[47,60933,590],{"class":83},[47,60935,1847],{"class":586},[47,60937,1419],{"class":83},[47,60939,60940],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,60941,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,60943,60944,60946,60948,60950],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,60945,98],{"class":97},[47,60947,101],{"class":83},[47,60949,4758],{"class":87},[47,60951,107],{"class":83},[47,60953,60954],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,60955,52128],{"class":113},[20,60957,60958],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[724,60960,60962],{"id":60961},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[38,60964,60966],{"className":40,"code":60965,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,60967,60968,60984,61003,61007,61017],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60969,60970,60972,60974,60976,60978,60980,60982],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60971,35494],{"class":53},[47,60973,58],{"class":57},[47,60975,3017],{"class":83},[47,60977,253],{"class":61},[47,60979,154],{"class":65},[47,60981,253],{"class":61},[47,60983,3030],{"class":83},[47,60985,60986,60988,60990,60992,60994,60996,60999,61001],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,60987,35547],{"class":53},[47,60989,84],{"class":83},[47,60991,52881],{"class":87},[47,60993,101],{"class":83},[47,60995,253],{"class":61},[47,60997,60998],{"class":65},"bc",[47,61000,253],{"class":61},[47,61002,107],{"class":83},[47,61004,61005],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,61006,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,61008,61009,61011,61013,61015],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,61010,98],{"class":97},[47,61012,101],{"class":83},[47,61014,35547],{"class":87},[47,61016,107],{"class":83},[47,61018,61019],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,61020,61021],{"class":113},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61023,61024],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[724,61026,61028],{"id":61027},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[38,61030,61032],{"className":40,"code":61031,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61033,61034,61046,61068,61072,61082],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61035,61036,61038,61040,61042,61044],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61037,3012],{"class":53},[47,61039,58],{"class":57},[47,61041,3017],{"class":83},[47,61043,1514],{"class":586},[47,61045,3030],{"class":83},[47,61047,61048,61050,61052,61054,61056,61058,61060,61062,61064,61066],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,61049,3044],{"class":53},[47,61051,84],{"class":83},[47,61053,52881],{"class":87},[47,61055,101],{"class":83},[47,61057,59405],{"class":97},[47,61059,101],{"class":83},[47,61061,2377],{"class":586},[47,61063,590],{"class":83},[47,61065,1847],{"class":586},[47,61067,1419],{"class":83},[47,61069,61070],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,61071,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,61073,61074,61076,61078,61080],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,61075,98],{"class":97},[47,61077,101],{"class":83},[47,61079,3044],{"class":87},[47,61081,107],{"class":83},[47,61083,61084],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,61085,61086],{"class":113},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61088,61089,61092,61093,712,61095,16474,61097,84],{},[15,61090,61091],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61094,2377],{},[15,61096,1449],{},[15,61098,1455],{},[724,61100,61102],{"id":61101},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[38,61104,61106],{"className":40,"code":61105,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61107,61108,61124,61142,61146],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61109,61110,61112,61114,61116,61118,61120,61122],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61111,7178],{"class":53},[47,61113,58],{"class":57},[47,61115,3017],{"class":83},[47,61117,2377],{"class":586},[47,61119,590],{"class":83},[47,61121,2382],{"class":586},[47,61123,3030],{"class":83},[47,61125,61126,61128,61130,61132,61134,61136,61138,61140],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,61127,7209],{"class":53},[47,61129,84],{"class":83},[47,61131,52881],{"class":87},[47,61133,4930],{"class":83},[47,61135,1455],{"class":586},[47,61137,590],{"class":83},[47,61139,1847],{"class":586},[47,61141,29901],{"class":83},[47,61143,61144],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,61145,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,61147,61148,61150,61152,61154],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,61149,98],{"class":97},[47,61151,101],{"class":83},[47,61153,7209],{"class":87},[47,61155,107],{"class":83},[20,61157,61158],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[33,61160,61162],{"id":61161},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61164,61165,1786,61167,84],{},[15,61166,52851],{},[15,61168,3174],{},[20,61170,61171,61172,1032],{},"That means this is ",[121,61173,61174],{},"wrong",[38,61176,61178],{"className":40,"code":61177,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61179,61180,61196,61218,61222,61232],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61181,61182,61184,61186,61188,61190,61192,61194],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61183,3012],{"class":53},[47,61185,58],{"class":57},[47,61187,3017],{"class":83},[47,61189,2377],{"class":586},[47,61191,590],{"class":83},[47,61193,2382],{"class":586},[47,61195,3030],{"class":83},[47,61197,61198,61200,61202,61204,61206,61208,61210,61212,61214,61216],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,61199,75],{"class":53},[47,61201,58],{"class":57},[47,61203,3659],{"class":53},[47,61205,84],{"class":83},[47,61207,52881],{"class":87},[47,61209,2374],{"class":83},[47,61211,1455],{"class":586},[47,61213,590],{"class":83},[47,61215,1847],{"class":586},[47,61217,3284],{"class":83},[47,61219,61220],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,61221,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,61223,61224,61226,61228,61230],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,61225,98],{"class":97},[47,61227,101],{"class":83},[47,61229,104],{"class":87},[47,61231,107],{"class":83},[47,61233,61234],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,61235,61236],{"class":113},"# None\n",[20,61238,61239],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[38,61241,61243],{"className":40,"code":61242,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61244,61245,61261,61283,61287,61297],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61246,61247,61249,61251,61253,61255,61257,61259],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61248,3012],{"class":53},[47,61250,58],{"class":57},[47,61252,3017],{"class":83},[47,61254,2377],{"class":586},[47,61256,590],{"class":83},[47,61258,2382],{"class":586},[47,61260,3030],{"class":83},[47,61262,61263,61265,61267,61269,61271,61273,61275,61277,61279,61281],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,61264,3012],{"class":53},[47,61266,58],{"class":57},[47,61268,3659],{"class":53},[47,61270,84],{"class":83},[47,61272,52881],{"class":87},[47,61274,2374],{"class":83},[47,61276,1455],{"class":586},[47,61278,590],{"class":83},[47,61280,1847],{"class":586},[47,61282,3284],{"class":83},[47,61284,61285],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,61286,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,61288,61289,61291,61293,61295],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,61290,98],{"class":97},[47,61292,101],{"class":83},[47,61294,3044],{"class":87},[47,61296,107],{"class":83},[47,61298,61299],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,61300,61236],{"class":113},[20,61302,61303],{},"The correct way is:",[38,61305,61306],{"className":40,"code":60743,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,61307,61308,61324,61342,61346,61356],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61309,61310,61312,61314,61316,61318,61320,61322],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61311,3012],{"class":53},[47,61313,58],{"class":57},[47,61315,3017],{"class":83},[47,61317,2377],{"class":586},[47,61319,590],{"class":83},[47,61321,2382],{"class":586},[47,61323,3030],{"class":83},[47,61325,61326,61328,61330,61332,61334,61336,61338,61340],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,61327,3044],{"class":53},[47,61329,84],{"class":83},[47,61331,52881],{"class":87},[47,61333,2374],{"class":83},[47,61335,1455],{"class":586},[47,61337,590],{"class":83},[47,61339,1847],{"class":586},[47,61341,3284],{"class":83},[47,61343,61344],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,61345,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,61347,61348,61350,61352,61354],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,61349,98],{"class":97},[47,61351,101],{"class":83},[47,61353,3044],{"class":87},[47,61355,107],{"class":83},[47,61357,61358],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,61359,52128],{"class":113},[20,61361,55314,61362,61364],{},[15,61363,52851],{}," first, then use the original list.",[33,61366,3915],{"id":3914},[20,61368,14135,61369,84],{},[15,61370,52851],{},[724,61372,61374,61375,61377],{"id":61373},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,61376,52851],{}," to return a new list",[38,61379,61381],{"className":40,"code":61380,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61382,61383,61399,61421,61425,61435],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61384,61385,61387,61389,61391,61393,61395,61397],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61386,3012],{"class":53},[47,61388,58],{"class":57},[47,61390,3017],{"class":83},[47,61392,2377],{"class":586},[47,61394,590],{"class":83},[47,61396,2382],{"class":586},[47,61398,3030],{"class":83},[47,61400,61401,61403,61405,61407,61409,61411,61413,61415,61417,61419],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,61402,55047],{"class":53},[47,61404,58],{"class":57},[47,61406,3659],{"class":53},[47,61408,84],{"class":83},[47,61410,52881],{"class":87},[47,61412,2374],{"class":83},[47,61414,1455],{"class":586},[47,61416,590],{"class":83},[47,61418,1847],{"class":586},[47,61420,3284],{"class":83},[47,61422,61423],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,61424,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,61426,61427,61429,61431,61433],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,61428,98],{"class":97},[47,61430,101],{"class":83},[47,61432,55066],{"class":87},[47,61434,107],{"class":83},[47,61436,61437],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,61438,61236],{"class":113},[20,61440,61441,61442,84],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,61443,52851],{},[724,61445,61447,61448,44033,61450,61452],{"id":61446},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,61449,52057],{},[15,61451,52851],{}," is needed",[38,61454,61455],{"className":40,"code":60806,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,61456,61457,61473,61491,61495,61505],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61458,61459,61461,61463,61465,61467,61469,61471],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61460,3012],{"class":53},[47,61462,58],{"class":57},[47,61464,3017],{"class":83},[47,61466,2377],{"class":586},[47,61468,590],{"class":83},[47,61470,2382],{"class":586},[47,61472,3030],{"class":83},[47,61474,61475,61477,61479,61481,61483,61485,61487,61489],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,61476,3044],{"class":53},[47,61478,84],{"class":83},[47,61480,12954],{"class":87},[47,61482,2374],{"class":83},[47,61484,1455],{"class":586},[47,61486,590],{"class":83},[47,61488,1847],{"class":586},[47,61490,3284],{"class":83},[47,61492,61493],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,61494,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,61496,61497,61499,61501,61503],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,61498,98],{"class":97},[47,61500,101],{"class":83},[47,61502,3044],{"class":87},[47,61504,107],{"class":83},[47,61506,61507],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,61508,60861],{"class":113},[20,61510,61511,61512,53296,61514,6031],{},"If you wanted ",[15,61513,53295],{},[15,61515,52851],{},[724,61517,61519],{"id":61518},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[38,61521,61523],{"className":40,"code":61522,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,61524,61525,61541,61559,61563,61573],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61526,61527,61529,61531,61533,61535,61537,61539],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61528,3466],{"class":53},[47,61530,58],{"class":57},[47,61532,3017],{"class":83},[47,61534,253],{"class":61},[47,61536,256],{"class":65},[47,61538,253],{"class":61},[47,61540,3030],{"class":83},[47,61542,61543,61545,61547,61549,61551,61553,61555,61557],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,61544,3509],{"class":53},[47,61546,84],{"class":83},[47,61548,52881],{"class":87},[47,61550,101],{"class":83},[47,61552,253],{"class":61},[47,61554,59997],{"class":65},[47,61556,253],{"class":61},[47,61558,107],{"class":83},[47,61560,61561],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,61562,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,61564,61565,61567,61569,61571],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,61566,98],{"class":97},[47,61568,101],{"class":83},[47,61570,3509],{"class":87},[47,61572,107],{"class":83},[47,61574,61575],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,61576,61577],{"class":113},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,61579,61580,61581,61584,61585,1032],{},"If you want ",[15,61582,61583],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,61586,52057],{},[38,61588,61590],{"className":40,"code":61589,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,61591,61592,61608,61626,61630,61640],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61593,61594,61596,61598,61600,61602,61604,61606],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61595,3466],{"class":53},[47,61597,58],{"class":57},[47,61599,3017],{"class":83},[47,61601,253],{"class":61},[47,61603,256],{"class":65},[47,61605,253],{"class":61},[47,61607,3030],{"class":83},[47,61609,61610,61612,61614,61616,61618,61620,61622,61624],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,61611,3509],{"class":53},[47,61613,84],{"class":83},[47,61615,12954],{"class":87},[47,61617,101],{"class":83},[47,61619,253],{"class":61},[47,61621,59997],{"class":65},[47,61623,253],{"class":61},[47,61625,107],{"class":83},[47,61627,61628],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,61629,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,61631,61632,61634,61636,61638],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,61633,98],{"class":97},[47,61635,101],{"class":83},[47,61637,3509],{"class":87},[47,61639,107],{"class":83},[47,61641,61642],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,61643,61644],{"class":113},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[724,61646,61648],{"id":61647},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[38,61650,61652],{"className":40,"code":61651,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,61653,61654,61670],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61655,61656,61658,61660,61662,61664,61666,61668],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61657,3012],{"class":53},[47,61659,58],{"class":57},[47,61661,3017],{"class":83},[47,61663,2377],{"class":586},[47,61665,590],{"class":83},[47,61667,2382],{"class":586},[47,61669,3030],{"class":83},[47,61671,61672,61674,61676,61678,61680,61682],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,61673,3044],{"class":53},[47,61675,84],{"class":83},[47,61677,52881],{"class":87},[47,61679,101],{"class":83},[47,61681,1531],{"class":586},[47,61683,107],{"class":83},[20,61685,887,61686,5951],{},[15,61687,1531],{},[20,61689,61690,61691,61693,61694,61697],{},"You will get a ",[15,61692,2395],{},". See ",[154,61695,61696],{"href":52004},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,61699,61700],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[38,61702,61704],{"className":40,"code":61703,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,61705,61706,61716,61730,61742],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61707,61708,61710,61712,61714],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61709,98],{"class":97},[47,61711,101],{"class":83},[47,61713,7737],{"class":87},[47,61715,107],{"class":83},[47,61717,61718,61720,61722,61724,61726,61728],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,61719,98],{"class":97},[47,61721,101],{"class":83},[47,61723,2613],{"class":919},[47,61725,101],{"class":83},[47,61727,4758],{"class":87},[47,61729,1419],{"class":83},[47,61731,61732,61734,61736,61738,61740],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,61733,98],{"class":97},[47,61735,101],{"class":83},[47,61737,104],{"class":87},[47,61739,3057],{"class":83},[47,61741,107],{"class":53},[47,61743,61744,61746,61748,61750,61752,61754],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,61745,31558],{"class":97},[47,61747,101],{"class":83},[47,61749,7492],{"class":919},[47,61751,84],{"class":83},[47,61753,52881],{"class":24153},[47,61755,107],{"class":83},[42983,61757,61758],{},[20,61759,61760,61761,61764,61765,61767,61768,84],{},"Note: ",[15,61762,61763],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,61766,3057],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,61769,32433],{},[20,61771,61772],{},"Correct debugging example:",[38,61774,61776],{"className":40,"code":61775,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,61777,61778,61794,61810,61814,61828,61832,61840,61850,61864,61874],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61779,61780,61782,61784,61786,61788,61790,61792],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61781,7706],{"class":53},[47,61783,58],{"class":57},[47,61785,3017],{"class":83},[47,61787,2377],{"class":586},[47,61789,590],{"class":83},[47,61791,2382],{"class":586},[47,61793,3030],{"class":83},[47,61795,61796,61798,61800,61802,61804,61806,61808],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,61797,3219],{"class":53},[47,61799,58],{"class":57},[47,61801,3017],{"class":83},[47,61803,1455],{"class":586},[47,61805,590],{"class":83},[47,61807,1847],{"class":586},[47,61809,3030],{"class":83},[47,61811,61812],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,61813,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,61815,61816,61818,61820,61822,61824,61826],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,61817,7737],{"class":53},[47,61819,84],{"class":83},[47,61821,52881],{"class":87},[47,61823,101],{"class":83},[47,61825,4758],{"class":87},[47,61827,107],{"class":83},[47,61829,61830],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,61831,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,61833,61834,61836,61838],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,61835,75],{"class":53},[47,61837,58],{"class":57},[47,61839,47931],{"class":1271},[47,61841,61842,61844,61846,61848],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,61843,98],{"class":97},[47,61845,101],{"class":83},[47,61847,7737],{"class":87},[47,61849,107],{"class":83},[47,61851,61852,61854,61856,61858,61860,61862],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,61853,98],{"class":97},[47,61855,101],{"class":83},[47,61857,2613],{"class":919},[47,61859,101],{"class":83},[47,61861,4758],{"class":87},[47,61863,1419],{"class":83},[47,61865,61866,61868,61870,61872],{"class":49,"line":5831},[47,61867,98],{"class":97},[47,61869,101],{"class":83},[47,61871,104],{"class":87},[47,61873,107],{"class":83},[47,61875,61876,61878,61880,61882,61884,61886],{"class":49,"line":5836},[47,61877,31558],{"class":97},[47,61879,101],{"class":83},[47,61881,7492],{"class":919},[47,61883,84],{"class":83},[47,61885,52881],{"class":24153},[47,61887,107],{"class":83},[33,61889,603,61891],{"id":61890},"when-to-use-extend",[15,61892,52851],{},[20,61894,1486,61895,5718],{},[15,61896,52851],{},[133,61898,61899,61902,61905],{},[136,61900,61901],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[136,61903,61904],{},"Add multiple values at once",[136,61906,61907],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,61909,4872],{},[38,61911,61913],{"className":40,"code":61912,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,61914,61915,61932,61950,61954,61970,61974,61984],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61916,61917,61920,61922,61924,61926,61928,61930],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61918,61919],{"class":53},"all_scores ",[47,61921,58],{"class":57},[47,61923,3017],{"class":83},[47,61925,12903],{"class":586},[47,61927,590],{"class":83},[47,61929,12908],{"class":586},[47,61931,3030],{"class":83},[47,61933,61934,61937,61939,61941,61943,61945,61948],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,61935,61936],{"class":53},"new_scores ",[47,61938,58],{"class":57},[47,61940,3017],{"class":83},[47,61942,50909],{"class":586},[47,61944,590],{"class":83},[47,61946,61947],{"class":586}," 92",[47,61949,3030],{"class":83},[47,61951,61952],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,61953,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,61955,61956,61959,61961,61963,61965,61968],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,61957,61958],{"class":53},"all_scores",[47,61960,84],{"class":83},[47,61962,52881],{"class":87},[47,61964,101],{"class":83},[47,61966,61967],{"class":87},"new_scores",[47,61969,107],{"class":83},[47,61971,61972],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,61973,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,61975,61976,61978,61980,61982],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,61977,98],{"class":97},[47,61979,101],{"class":83},[47,61981,61958],{"class":87},[47,61983,107],{"class":83},[47,61985,61986],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,61987,61988],{"class":113},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,61990,61991,61992,61994,61995,84],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,61993,52057],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[154,61996,54925,61997,1289],{"href":53313},[15,61998,53673],{},[33,62000,1155],{"id":1154},[724,62002,1159,62004,54874],{"id":62003},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62005,52752],{},[20,62007,62008,62009,84],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62010,3174],{},[724,62012,4578,62014,1063,62016,1883],{"id":62013},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62015,52851],{},[15,62017,52057],{},[20,62019,62020,62022,62023,62025],{},[15,62021,52851],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62024,52057],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[724,62027,1190,62029,62031],{"id":62028},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62030,52851],{}," with a string?",[20,62033,62034],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[724,62036,1190,62038,62040],{"id":62037},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62039,52851],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62042,62043],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[724,62045,62047,62048,1883],{"id":62046},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62049,52851],{},[20,62051,62052,62053,62055],{},"You get a ",[15,62054,2395],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[33,62057,1275],{"id":1274},[133,62059,62060,62066,62070,62074,62078,62084,62088],{},[136,62061,62062],{},[154,62063,54925,62064,1289],{"href":56174},[15,62065,52057],{},[136,62067,62068],{},[154,62069,53683],{"href":52453},[136,62071,62072],{},[154,62073,56634],{"href":56559},[136,62075,62076],{},[154,62077,52176],{"href":50383},[136,62079,62080],{},[154,62081,54925,62082,1289],{"href":53313},[15,62083,53673],{},[136,62085,62086],{},[154,62087,61696],{"href":52004},[136,62089,62090],{},[154,62091,54925,62092,1289],{"href":54365},[15,62093,12176],{},[20,62095,62096,62097,62099,62100,62102],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62098,52057],{},", when to use ",[15,62101,53673],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1320,62104,62105],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":62107},[62108,62109,62111,62112,62113,62120,62127,62128,62136,62138,62150],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":60506,"depth":72,"text":62110},"What list.extend() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":60586,"depth":72,"text":60587},{"id":60723,"depth":72,"text":62114,"children":62115},"extend() vs append()",[62116,62118],{"id":60737,"depth":94,"text":62117},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":60800,"depth":94,"text":62119},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":60886,"depth":72,"text":62121,"children":62122},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62123,62124,62125,62126],{"id":60897,"depth":94,"text":60898},{"id":60961,"depth":94,"text":60962},{"id":61027,"depth":94,"text":61028},{"id":61101,"depth":94,"text":61102},{"id":61161,"depth":72,"text":61162},{"id":3914,"depth":72,"text":3915,"children":62129},[62130,62132,62134,62135],{"id":61373,"depth":94,"text":62131},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61446,"depth":94,"text":62133},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":61518,"depth":94,"text":61519},{"id":61647,"depth":94,"text":61648},{"id":61890,"depth":72,"text":62137},"When to use extend()",{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":62139},[62140,62142,62144,62146,62148],{"id":62003,"depth":94,"text":62141},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62013,"depth":94,"text":62143},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62028,"depth":94,"text":62145},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62037,"depth":94,"text":62147},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62046,"depth":94,"text":62149},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60410,"description":62151},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62158,"title":62159,"body":62160,"description":64251,"extension":1354,"meta":64252,"navigation":311,"path":64253,"seo":64254,"stem":64255,"__hash__":64256},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62161,"toc":64214},[62162,62165,62170,62176,62187,62193,62195,62264,62266,62315,62323,62327,62332,62335,62346,62351,62353,62355,62376,62389,62392,62405,62407,62412,62437,62439,62447,62450,62519,62521,62545,62551,62555,62559,62595,62597,62617,62624,62628,62661,62663,62697,62702,62706,62739,62741,62769,62777,62781,62818,62820,62841,62844,62848,62917,62919,62943,62949,62956,62960,62963,62965,62979,62982,63006,63008,63033,63036,63055,63057,63083,63092,63096,63103,63180,63182,63223,63229,63235,63326,63328,63384,63387,63392,63396,63401,63405,63464,63466,63491,63495,63558,63560,63585,63589,63652,63654,63697,63700,63704,63708,63730,63734,63816,63818,63853,63861,63863,63867,63871,63873,63900,63905,63907,63934,63941,63944,63967,63969,64018,64021,64024,64043,64047,64050,64101,64104,64110,64114,64119,64122,64124,64130,64139,64143,64149,64153,64156,64160,64163,64167,64173,64175,64211],[10,62163,62159],{"id":62164},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62166,8520,62167,62169],{},[15,62168,24184],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62171,62172,62173,62175],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62174,24184],{}," for two main reasons:",[133,62177,62178,62181],{},[136,62179,62180],{},"to make an empty list",[136,62182,62183,62184,62186],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62185,59405],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62188,62189,62190,62192],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62191,24184],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[33,62194,36],{"id":35},[38,62196,62198],{"className":40,"code":62197,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62199,62200,62222,62240,62244,62254],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62201,62202,62204,62206,62208,62210,62212,62214,62216,62218,62220],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62203,3012],{"class":53},[47,62205,58],{"class":57},[47,62207,21962],{"class":919},[47,62209,4911],{"class":83},[47,62211,2377],{"class":586},[47,62213,590],{"class":83},[47,62215,2382],{"class":586},[47,62217,590],{"class":83},[47,62219,1841],{"class":586},[47,62221,1419],{"class":83},[47,62223,62224,62226,62228,62230,62232,62234,62236,62238],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,62225,35494],{"class":53},[47,62227,58],{"class":57},[47,62229,21962],{"class":919},[47,62231,101],{"class":83},[47,62233,253],{"class":61},[47,62235,40964],{"class":65},[47,62237,253],{"class":61},[47,62239,107],{"class":83},[47,62241,62242],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,62243,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,62245,62246,62248,62250,62252],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,62247,98],{"class":97},[47,62249,101],{"class":83},[47,62251,3044],{"class":87},[47,62253,107],{"class":83},[47,62255,62256,62258,62260,62262],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,62257,98],{"class":97},[47,62259,101],{"class":83},[47,62261,35547],{"class":87},[47,62263,107],{"class":83},[20,62265,338],{},[38,62267,62269],{"className":40,"code":62268,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62270,62271,62287],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62272,62273,62275,62277,62279,62281,62283,62285],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62274,3296],{"class":83},[47,62276,2377],{"class":586},[47,62278,590],{"class":83},[47,62280,2382],{"class":586},[47,62282,590],{"class":83},[47,62284,1841],{"class":586},[47,62286,3030],{"class":83},[47,62288,62289,62291,62293,62295,62297,62299,62301,62303,62305,62307,62309,62311,62313],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,62290,3296],{"class":83},[47,62292,2693],{"class":61},[47,62294,154],{"class":65},[47,62296,2693],{"class":61},[47,62298,590],{"class":83},[47,62300,2688],{"class":61},[47,62302,4158],{"class":65},[47,62304,2693],{"class":61},[47,62306,590],{"class":83},[47,62308,2688],{"class":61},[47,62310,9138],{"class":65},[47,62312,2693],{"class":61},[47,62314,3030],{"class":83},[20,62316,1486,62317,62319,62320,62322],{},[15,62318,24184],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62321,59405],{},", set, or dictionary.",[33,62324,62326],{"id":62325},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,62328,62329,62331],{},[15,62330,24184],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,62333,62334],{},"It can:",[133,62336,62337,62340,62343],{},[136,62338,62339],{},"create a new list object",[136,62341,62342],{},"make an empty list",[136,62344,62345],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,62347,62348,62349,84],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[154,62350,52176],{"href":50383},[33,62352,166],{"id":165},[20,62354,25891],{},[38,62356,62358],{"className":40,"code":62357,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,62359,62360,62366],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62361,62362,62364],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62363,7492],{"class":919},[47,62365,91],{"class":83},[47,62367,62368,62370,62372,62374],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,62369,7492],{"class":919},[47,62371,101],{"class":83},[47,62373,3116],{"class":87},[47,62375,107],{"class":83},[133,62377,62378,62383],{},[136,62379,62380,62382],{},[15,62381,24184],{}," makes an empty list",[136,62384,62385,62388],{},[15,62386,62387],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,62390,62391],{},"Common iterable values include:",[133,62393,62394,62396,62398,62400,62403],{},[136,62395,4708],{},[136,62397,4702],{},[136,62399,4705],{},[136,62401,62402],{},"ranges",[136,62404,6650],{},[33,62406,59027],{"id":59026},[20,62408,1486,62409,62411],{},[15,62410,24184],{}," with no arguments:",[38,62413,62415],{"className":40,"code":62414,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,62416,62417,62427],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62418,62419,62421,62423,62425],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62420,7178],{"class":53},[47,62422,58],{"class":57},[47,62424,21962],{"class":919},[47,62426,91],{"class":83},[47,62428,62429,62431,62433,62435],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,62430,98],{"class":97},[47,62432,101],{"class":83},[47,62434,7209],{"class":87},[47,62436,107],{"class":83},[20,62438,338],{},[38,62440,62441],{"className":40,"code":37702,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,62442,62443],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62444,62445],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62446,37702],{"class":83},[20,62448,62449],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[38,62451,62453],{"className":40,"code":62452,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62454,62455,62465,62469,62487,62505,62509],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62456,62457,62459,62461,62463],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62458,7178],{"class":53},[47,62460,58],{"class":57},[47,62462,21962],{"class":919},[47,62464,91],{"class":83},[47,62466,62467],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,62468,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,62470,62471,62473,62475,62477,62479,62481,62483,62485],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,62472,7209],{"class":53},[47,62474,84],{"class":83},[47,62476,12954],{"class":87},[47,62478,101],{"class":83},[47,62480,253],{"class":61},[47,62482,3475],{"class":65},[47,62484,253],{"class":61},[47,62486,107],{"class":83},[47,62488,62489,62491,62493,62495,62497,62499,62501,62503],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,62490,7209],{"class":53},[47,62492,84],{"class":83},[47,62494,12954],{"class":87},[47,62496,101],{"class":83},[47,62498,253],{"class":61},[47,62500,288],{"class":65},[47,62502,253],{"class":61},[47,62504,107],{"class":83},[47,62506,62507],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,62508,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,62510,62511,62513,62515,62517],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,62512,98],{"class":97},[47,62514,101],{"class":83},[47,62516,7209],{"class":87},[47,62518,107],{"class":83},[20,62520,338],{},[38,62522,62523],{"className":40,"code":37826,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,62524,62525],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62526,62527,62529,62531,62533,62535,62537,62539,62541,62543],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62528,3296],{"class":83},[47,62530,2693],{"class":61},[47,62532,3475],{"class":65},[47,62534,2693],{"class":61},[47,62536,590],{"class":83},[47,62538,2688],{"class":61},[47,62540,288],{"class":65},[47,62542,2693],{"class":61},[47,62544,3030],{"class":83},[20,62546,62547,62548,62550],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,62549,3183],{},". Both are valid.",[33,62552,62554],{"id":62553},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[724,62556,62558],{"id":62557},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[38,62560,62561],{"className":40,"code":59325,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,62562,62563,62585],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62564,62565,62567,62569,62571,62573,62575,62577,62579,62581,62583],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62566,3012],{"class":53},[47,62568,58],{"class":57},[47,62570,21962],{"class":919},[47,62572,4911],{"class":83},[47,62574,2377],{"class":586},[47,62576,590],{"class":83},[47,62578,2382],{"class":586},[47,62580,590],{"class":83},[47,62582,1841],{"class":586},[47,62584,1419],{"class":83},[47,62586,62587,62589,62591,62593],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,62588,98],{"class":97},[47,62590,101],{"class":83},[47,62592,3044],{"class":87},[47,62594,107],{"class":83},[20,62596,338],{},[38,62598,62599],{"className":40,"code":54555,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,62600,62601],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62602,62603,62605,62607,62609,62611,62613,62615],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62604,3296],{"class":83},[47,62606,2377],{"class":586},[47,62608,590],{"class":83},[47,62610,2382],{"class":586},[47,62612,590],{"class":83},[47,62614,1841],{"class":586},[47,62616,3030],{"class":83},[20,62618,62619,62620,84],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[154,62621,62623],{"href":62622},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[724,62625,62627],{"id":62626},"string-to-list","String to list",[38,62629,62631],{"className":40,"code":62630,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62632,62633,62651],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62634,62635,62637,62639,62641,62643,62645,62647,62649],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62636,35494],{"class":53},[47,62638,58],{"class":57},[47,62640,21962],{"class":919},[47,62642,101],{"class":83},[47,62644,253],{"class":61},[47,62646,36452],{"class":65},[47,62648,253],{"class":61},[47,62650,107],{"class":83},[47,62652,62653,62655,62657,62659],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,62654,98],{"class":97},[47,62656,101],{"class":83},[47,62658,35547],{"class":87},[47,62660,107],{"class":83},[20,62662,338],{},[38,62664,62666],{"className":40,"code":62665,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,62667,62668],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62669,62670,62672,62674,62676,62678,62680,62682,62684,62686,62688,62690,62693,62695],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62671,3296],{"class":83},[47,62673,2693],{"class":61},[47,62675,9138],{"class":65},[47,62677,2693],{"class":61},[47,62679,590],{"class":83},[47,62681,2688],{"class":61},[47,62683,154],{"class":65},[47,62685,2693],{"class":61},[47,62687,590],{"class":83},[47,62689,2688],{"class":61},[47,62691,62692],{"class":65},"t",[47,62694,2693],{"class":61},[47,62696,3030],{"class":83},[20,62698,62699,62701],{},[15,62700,24184],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[724,62703,62705],{"id":62704},"range-to-list","Range to list",[38,62707,62709],{"className":40,"code":62708,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,62710,62711,62729],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62712,62713,62715,62717,62719,62721,62723,62725,62727],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62714,3012],{"class":53},[47,62716,58],{"class":57},[47,62718,21962],{"class":919},[47,62720,101],{"class":83},[47,62722,59405],{"class":97},[47,62724,101],{"class":83},[47,62726,1531],{"class":586},[47,62728,1419],{"class":83},[47,62730,62731,62733,62735,62737],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,62732,98],{"class":97},[47,62734,101],{"class":83},[47,62736,3044],{"class":87},[47,62738,107],{"class":83},[20,62740,338],{},[38,62742,62743],{"className":40,"code":59428,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,62744,62745],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62746,62747,62749,62751,62753,62755,62757,62759,62761,62763,62765,62767],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62748,3296],{"class":83},[47,62750,1514],{"class":586},[47,62752,590],{"class":83},[47,62754,4898],{"class":586},[47,62756,590],{"class":83},[47,62758,2382],{"class":586},[47,62760,590],{"class":83},[47,62762,1841],{"class":586},[47,62764,590],{"class":83},[47,62766,1847],{"class":586},[47,62768,3030],{"class":83},[20,62770,62771,62772,62776],{},"This is common when working with ",[154,62773,62774],{"href":35599},[15,62775,35602],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[724,62778,62780],{"id":62779},"set-to-list","Set to list",[38,62782,62784],{"className":40,"code":62783,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,62785,62786,62808],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62787,62788,62790,62792,62794,62796,62798,62800,62802,62804,62806],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62789,3219],{"class":53},[47,62791,58],{"class":57},[47,62793,21962],{"class":919},[47,62795,4930],{"class":83},[47,62797,1719],{"class":586},[47,62799,590],{"class":83},[47,62801,7189],{"class":586},[47,62803,590],{"class":83},[47,62805,7194],{"class":586},[47,62807,29901],{"class":83},[47,62809,62810,62812,62814,62816],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,62811,98],{"class":97},[47,62813,101],{"class":83},[47,62815,4758],{"class":87},[47,62817,107],{"class":83},[20,62819,16360],{},[38,62821,62823],{"className":40,"code":62822,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,62824,62825],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62826,62827,62829,62831,62833,62835,62837,62839],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62828,3296],{"class":83},[47,62830,1719],{"class":586},[47,62832,590],{"class":83},[47,62834,7189],{"class":586},[47,62836,590],{"class":83},[47,62838,7194],{"class":586},[47,62840,3030],{"class":83},[20,62842,62843],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[724,62845,62847],{"id":62846},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[38,62849,62851],{"className":40,"code":62850,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,62852,62853,62889,62903,62907],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62854,62855,62857,62859,62861,62863,62865,62867,62869,62871,62873,62875,62877,62879,62881,62883,62885,62887],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62856,12605],{"class":53},[47,62858,58],{"class":57},[47,62860,9890],{"class":83},[47,62862,253],{"class":61},[47,62864,229],{"class":65},[47,62866,253],{"class":61},[47,62868,1032],{"class":83},[47,62870,62],{"class":61},[47,62872,12280],{"class":65},[47,62874,253],{"class":61},[47,62876,590],{"class":83},[47,62878,62],{"class":61},[47,62880,8697],{"class":65},[47,62882,253],{"class":61},[47,62884,1032],{"class":83},[47,62886,8704],{"class":586},[47,62888,8707],{"class":83},[47,62890,62891,62893,62895,62897,62899,62901],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,62892,75],{"class":53},[47,62894,58],{"class":57},[47,62896,21962],{"class":919},[47,62898,101],{"class":83},[47,62900,16709],{"class":87},[47,62902,107],{"class":83},[47,62904,62905],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,62906,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,62908,62909,62911,62913,62915],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,62910,98],{"class":97},[47,62912,101],{"class":83},[47,62914,104],{"class":87},[47,62916,107],{"class":83},[20,62918,338],{},[38,62920,62921],{"className":40,"code":24884,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,62922,62923],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62924,62925,62927,62929,62931,62933,62935,62937,62939,62941],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62926,3296],{"class":83},[47,62928,2693],{"class":61},[47,62930,229],{"class":65},[47,62932,2693],{"class":61},[47,62934,590],{"class":83},[47,62936,2688],{"class":61},[47,62938,8697],{"class":65},[47,62940,2693],{"class":61},[47,62942,3030],{"class":83},[20,62944,62945,62946,62948],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,62947,24184],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,62950,62951,62952,84],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[154,62953,62955],{"href":62954},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[33,62957,62959],{"id":62958},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,62961,62962],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,62964,60561],{},[133,62966,62967,62969,62971,62973,62975,62977],{},[136,62968,4699],{},[136,62970,4702],{},[136,62972,4708],{},[136,62974,4705],{},[136,62976,62402],{},[136,62978,6650],{},[20,62980,62981],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[38,62983,62985],{"className":40,"code":62984,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,62986,62987],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62988,62989,62991,62993,62995,62997,62999,63002,63004],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62990,98],{"class":97},[47,62992,101],{"class":83},[47,62994,7492],{"class":919},[47,62996,101],{"class":83},[47,62998,253],{"class":61},[47,63000,63001],{"class":65},"hi",[47,63003,253],{"class":61},[47,63005,1419],{"class":83},[20,63007,338],{},[38,63009,63011],{"className":40,"code":63010,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63012,63013],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63014,63015,63017,63019,63021,63023,63025,63027,63029,63031],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63016,3296],{"class":83},[47,63018,2693],{"class":61},[47,63020,59844],{"class":65},[47,63022,2693],{"class":61},[47,63024,590],{"class":83},[47,63026,2688],{"class":61},[47,63028,35558],{"class":65},[47,63030,2693],{"class":61},[47,63032,3030],{"class":83},[20,63034,63035],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[38,63037,63039],{"className":40,"code":63038,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63040,63041],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63042,63043,63045,63047,63049,63051,63053],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63044,98],{"class":97},[47,63046,101],{"class":83},[47,63048,7492],{"class":919},[47,63050,101],{"class":83},[47,63052,1531],{"class":586},[47,63054,1419],{"class":83},[20,63056,338],{},[38,63058,63060],{"className":40,"code":63059,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63061,63062],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63063,63064,63066,63068,63070,63072,63074,63076,63078,63080],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63065,2395],{"class":919},[47,63067,1032],{"class":83},[47,63069,2688],{"class":61},[47,63071,890],{"class":65},[47,63073,2693],{"class":61},[47,63075,24020],{"class":919},[47,63077,7495],{"class":57},[47,63079,7498],{"class":57},[47,63081,63082],{"class":53}," iterable\n",[20,63084,63085,63086,63088,63089,84],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[154,63087,4534],{"href":4987},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[154,63090,63091],{"href":52004},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[33,63093,63095],{"id":63094},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63097,63098,63099,63102],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63100,63101],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[38,63104,63106],{"className":40,"code":63105,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63107,63108,63128,63142,63146,63156,63166],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63109,63110,63112,63114,63116,63118,63120,63122,63124,63126],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63111,11485],{"class":53},[47,63113,58],{"class":57},[47,63115,3017],{"class":83},[47,63117,2377],{"class":586},[47,63119,590],{"class":83},[47,63121,2382],{"class":586},[47,63123,590],{"class":83},[47,63125,1841],{"class":586},[47,63127,3030],{"class":83},[47,63129,63130,63132,63134,63136,63138,63140],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,63131,13713],{"class":53},[47,63133,58],{"class":57},[47,63135,21962],{"class":919},[47,63137,101],{"class":83},[47,63139,11532],{"class":87},[47,63141,107],{"class":83},[47,63143,63144],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,63145,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,63147,63148,63150,63152,63154],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,63149,98],{"class":97},[47,63151,101],{"class":83},[47,63153,11532],{"class":87},[47,63155,107],{"class":83},[47,63157,63158,63160,63162,63164],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,63159,98],{"class":97},[47,63161,101],{"class":83},[47,63163,13732],{"class":87},[47,63165,107],{"class":83},[47,63167,63168,63170,63172,63174,63176,63178],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,63169,98],{"class":97},[47,63171,101],{"class":83},[47,63173,11485],{"class":87},[47,63175,11593],{"class":655},[47,63177,13786],{"class":87},[47,63179,107],{"class":83},[20,63181,338],{},[38,63183,63185],{"className":40,"code":63184,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63186,63187,63203,63219],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63188,63189,63191,63193,63195,63197,63199,63201],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63190,3296],{"class":83},[47,63192,2377],{"class":586},[47,63194,590],{"class":83},[47,63196,2382],{"class":586},[47,63198,590],{"class":83},[47,63200,1841],{"class":586},[47,63202,3030],{"class":83},[47,63204,63205,63207,63209,63211,63213,63215,63217],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,63206,3296],{"class":83},[47,63208,2377],{"class":586},[47,63210,590],{"class":83},[47,63212,2382],{"class":586},[47,63214,590],{"class":83},[47,63216,1841],{"class":586},[47,63218,3030],{"class":83},[47,63220,63221],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,63222,3436],{"class":1271},[20,63224,63225,63226,63228],{},"This means ",[15,63227,13732],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63230,63231,63232,63234],{},"However, this is only a ",[121,63233,12250],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[38,63236,63238],{"className":40,"code":63237,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63239,63240,63266,63280,63284,63302,63306,63316],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63241,63242,63244,63246,63248,63250,63252,63254,63256,63258,63260,63262,63264],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63243,11485],{"class":53},[47,63245,58],{"class":57},[47,63247,55699],{"class":83},[47,63249,2377],{"class":586},[47,63251,590],{"class":83},[47,63253,2382],{"class":586},[47,63255,17464],{"class":83},[47,63257,3017],{"class":83},[47,63259,1455],{"class":586},[47,63261,590],{"class":83},[47,63263,1847],{"class":586},[47,63265,52647],{"class":83},[47,63267,63268,63270,63272,63274,63276,63278],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,63269,13713],{"class":53},[47,63271,58],{"class":57},[47,63273,21962],{"class":919},[47,63275,101],{"class":83},[47,63277,11532],{"class":87},[47,63279,107],{"class":83},[47,63281,63282],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,63283,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,63285,63286,63288,63290,63292,63294,63296,63298,63300],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,63287,13732],{"class":53},[47,63289,3296],{"class":83},[47,63291,1514],{"class":586},[47,63293,12951],{"class":83},[47,63295,12954],{"class":87},[47,63297,101],{"class":83},[47,63299,55752],{"class":586},[47,63301,107],{"class":83},[47,63303,63304],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,63305,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,63307,63308,63310,63312,63314],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,63309,98],{"class":97},[47,63311,101],{"class":83},[47,63313,11532],{"class":87},[47,63315,107],{"class":83},[47,63317,63318,63320,63322,63324],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,63319,98],{"class":97},[47,63321,101],{"class":83},[47,63323,13732],{"class":87},[47,63325,107],{"class":83},[20,63327,338],{},[38,63329,63330],{"className":40,"code":55783,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,63331,63332,63358],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63333,63334,63336,63338,63340,63342,63344,63346,63348,63350,63352,63354,63356],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63335,55790],{"class":83},[47,63337,2377],{"class":586},[47,63339,590],{"class":83},[47,63341,2382],{"class":586},[47,63343,590],{"class":83},[47,63345,9596],{"class":586},[47,63347,17464],{"class":83},[47,63349,3017],{"class":83},[47,63351,1455],{"class":586},[47,63353,590],{"class":83},[47,63355,1847],{"class":586},[47,63357,52647],{"class":83},[47,63359,63360,63362,63364,63366,63368,63370,63372,63374,63376,63378,63380,63382],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,63361,55790],{"class":83},[47,63363,2377],{"class":586},[47,63365,590],{"class":83},[47,63367,2382],{"class":586},[47,63369,590],{"class":83},[47,63371,9596],{"class":586},[47,63373,17464],{"class":83},[47,63375,3017],{"class":83},[47,63377,1455],{"class":586},[47,63379,590],{"class":83},[47,63381,1847],{"class":586},[47,63383,52647],{"class":83},[20,63385,63386],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,63388,63389,63390,84],{},"For more on this, see ",[154,63391,13192],{"href":13191},[33,63393,63395],{"id":63394},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,63397,63398,63399,84],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,63400,24184],{},[724,63402,63404],{"id":63403},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[38,63406,63408],{"className":40,"code":63407,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,63409,63410,63450],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63411,63412,63414,63416,63418,63420,63422,63424,63426,63428,63430,63432,63434,63436,63438,63440,63442,63444,63446,63448],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63413,12263],{"class":53},[47,63415,58],{"class":57},[47,63417,9890],{"class":83},[47,63419,253],{"class":61},[47,63421,229],{"class":65},[47,63423,253],{"class":61},[47,63425,1032],{"class":83},[47,63427,62],{"class":61},[47,63429,7320],{"class":65},[47,63431,253],{"class":61},[47,63433,590],{"class":83},[47,63435,62],{"class":61},[47,63437,19293],{"class":65},[47,63439,253],{"class":61},[47,63441,1032],{"class":83},[47,63443,62],{"class":61},[47,63445,21647],{"class":65},[47,63447,253],{"class":61},[47,63449,8707],{"class":83},[47,63451,63452,63454,63456,63458,63460,63462],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,63453,98],{"class":97},[47,63455,101],{"class":83},[47,63457,7492],{"class":919},[47,63459,101],{"class":83},[47,63461,13027],{"class":87},[47,63463,1419],{"class":83},[20,63465,338],{},[38,63467,63469],{"className":40,"code":63468,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,63470,63471],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63472,63473,63475,63477,63479,63481,63483,63485,63487,63489],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63474,3296],{"class":83},[47,63476,2693],{"class":61},[47,63478,229],{"class":65},[47,63480,2693],{"class":61},[47,63482,590],{"class":83},[47,63484,2688],{"class":61},[47,63486,19293],{"class":65},[47,63488,2693],{"class":61},[47,63490,3030],{"class":83},[724,63492,63494],{"id":63493},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[38,63496,63498],{"className":40,"code":63497,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,63499,63500,63540],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63501,63502,63504,63506,63508,63510,63512,63514,63516,63518,63520,63522,63524,63526,63528,63530,63532,63534,63536,63538],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63503,12263],{"class":53},[47,63505,58],{"class":57},[47,63507,9890],{"class":83},[47,63509,253],{"class":61},[47,63511,229],{"class":65},[47,63513,253],{"class":61},[47,63515,1032],{"class":83},[47,63517,62],{"class":61},[47,63519,7320],{"class":65},[47,63521,253],{"class":61},[47,63523,590],{"class":83},[47,63525,62],{"class":61},[47,63527,19293],{"class":65},[47,63529,253],{"class":61},[47,63531,1032],{"class":83},[47,63533,62],{"class":61},[47,63535,21647],{"class":65},[47,63537,253],{"class":61},[47,63539,8707],{"class":83},[47,63541,63542,63544,63546,63548,63550,63552,63554,63556],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,63543,98],{"class":97},[47,63545,101],{"class":83},[47,63547,7492],{"class":919},[47,63549,101],{"class":83},[47,63551,13027],{"class":87},[47,63553,84],{"class":83},[47,63555,4758],{"class":87},[47,63557,5690],{"class":83},[20,63559,338],{},[38,63561,63563],{"className":40,"code":63562,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,63564,63565],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63566,63567,63569,63571,63573,63575,63577,63579,63581,63583],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63568,3296],{"class":83},[47,63570,2693],{"class":61},[47,63572,7320],{"class":65},[47,63574,2693],{"class":61},[47,63576,590],{"class":83},[47,63578,2688],{"class":61},[47,63580,21647],{"class":65},[47,63582,2693],{"class":61},[47,63584,3030],{"class":83},[724,63586,63588],{"id":63587},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[38,63590,63592],{"className":40,"code":63591,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,63593,63594,63634],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63595,63596,63598,63600,63602,63604,63606,63608,63610,63612,63614,63616,63618,63620,63622,63624,63626,63628,63630,63632],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63597,12263],{"class":53},[47,63599,58],{"class":57},[47,63601,9890],{"class":83},[47,63603,253],{"class":61},[47,63605,229],{"class":65},[47,63607,253],{"class":61},[47,63609,1032],{"class":83},[47,63611,62],{"class":61},[47,63613,7320],{"class":65},[47,63615,253],{"class":61},[47,63617,590],{"class":83},[47,63619,62],{"class":61},[47,63621,19293],{"class":65},[47,63623,253],{"class":61},[47,63625,1032],{"class":83},[47,63627,62],{"class":61},[47,63629,21647],{"class":65},[47,63631,253],{"class":61},[47,63633,8707],{"class":83},[47,63635,63636,63638,63640,63642,63644,63646,63648,63650],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,63637,98],{"class":97},[47,63639,101],{"class":83},[47,63641,7492],{"class":919},[47,63643,101],{"class":83},[47,63645,13027],{"class":87},[47,63647,84],{"class":83},[47,63649,7209],{"class":87},[47,63651,5690],{"class":83},[20,63653,338],{},[38,63655,63657],{"className":40,"code":63656,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,63658,63659],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63660,63661,63663,63665,63667,63669,63671,63673,63675,63677,63679,63681,63683,63685,63687,63689,63691,63693,63695],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63662,21142],{"class":83},[47,63664,2693],{"class":61},[47,63666,229],{"class":65},[47,63668,2693],{"class":61},[47,63670,590],{"class":83},[47,63672,2688],{"class":61},[47,63674,7320],{"class":65},[47,63676,2693],{"class":61},[47,63678,8631],{"class":83},[47,63680,8634],{"class":83},[47,63682,2693],{"class":61},[47,63684,19293],{"class":65},[47,63686,2693],{"class":61},[47,63688,590],{"class":83},[47,63690,2688],{"class":61},[47,63692,21647],{"class":65},[47,63694,2693],{"class":61},[47,63696,8647],{"class":83},[20,63698,63699],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[33,63701,63703],{"id":63702},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,63705,1486,63706,10001],{},[15,63707,24184],{},[133,63709,63710,63718,63727],{},[136,63711,63712,63713,158,63715],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,63714,52057],{},[15,63716,63717],{},"sort()",[136,63719,63720,63721,158,63723,63726],{},"you want to convert ",[15,63722,35602],{},[15,63724,63725],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[136,63728,63729],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,63731,45444,63732,1032],{},[15,63733,63725],{},[38,63735,63737],{"className":40,"code":63736,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,63738,63739,63763,63779,63783,63806],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63740,63741,63743,63745,63747,63749,63751,63753,63755,63757,63759,63761],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63742,4392],{"class":53},[47,63744,58],{"class":57},[47,63746,3017],{"class":83},[47,63748,253],{"class":61},[47,63750,12280],{"class":65},[47,63752,253],{"class":61},[47,63754,590],{"class":83},[47,63756,62],{"class":61},[47,63758,35345],{"class":65},[47,63760,253],{"class":61},[47,63762,3030],{"class":83},[47,63764,63765,63767,63769,63771,63773,63775,63777],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,63766,4461],{"class":53},[47,63768,58],{"class":57},[47,63770,3017],{"class":83},[47,63772,12903],{"class":586},[47,63774,590],{"class":83},[47,63776,12908],{"class":586},[47,63778,3030],{"class":83},[47,63780,63781],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,63782,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,63784,63785,63787,63789,63791,63793,63796,63798,63800,63802,63804],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,63786,8613],{"class":53},[47,63788,58],{"class":57},[47,63790,21962],{"class":919},[47,63792,101],{"class":83},[47,63794,63795],{"class":97},"zip",[47,63797,101],{"class":83},[47,63799,4436],{"class":87},[47,63801,590],{"class":83},[47,63803,4508],{"class":87},[47,63805,1419],{"class":83},[47,63807,63808,63810,63812,63814],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,63809,98],{"class":97},[47,63811,101],{"class":83},[47,63813,8660],{"class":87},[47,63815,107],{"class":83},[20,63817,338],{},[38,63819,63821],{"className":40,"code":63820,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,63822,63823],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63824,63825,63827,63829,63831,63833,63835,63837,63839,63841,63843,63845,63847,63849,63851],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63826,21142],{"class":83},[47,63828,2693],{"class":61},[47,63830,12280],{"class":65},[47,63832,2693],{"class":61},[47,63834,590],{"class":83},[47,63836,19300],{"class":586},[47,63838,8631],{"class":83},[47,63840,8634],{"class":83},[47,63842,2693],{"class":61},[47,63844,35345],{"class":65},[47,63846,2693],{"class":61},[47,63848,590],{"class":83},[47,63850,12908],{"class":586},[47,63852,8647],{"class":83},[20,63854,63855,63856,63858,63859,84],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,63857,52057],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[154,63860,52454],{"href":52453},[33,63862,3915],{"id":3914},[20,63864,56181,63865,84],{},[15,63866,24184],{},[724,63868,63870],{"id":63869},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,63872,3922],{},[38,63874,63876],{"className":40,"code":63875,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,63877,63878,63882],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63879,63880],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63881,3932],{"class":113},[47,63883,63884,63886,63888,63890,63892,63894,63896,63898],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,63885,7492],{"class":919},[47,63887,101],{"class":83},[47,63889,2377],{"class":586},[47,63891,590],{"class":83},[47,63893,2382],{"class":586},[47,63895,590],{"class":83},[47,63897,1841],{"class":586},[47,63899,107],{"class":83},[20,63901,63902,63904],{},[15,63903,24184],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,63906,18097],{},[38,63908,63910],{"className":40,"code":63909,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,63911,63912],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63913,63914,63916,63918,63920,63922,63924,63926,63928,63930,63932],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63915,98],{"class":97},[47,63917,101],{"class":83},[47,63919,7492],{"class":919},[47,63921,4911],{"class":83},[47,63923,2377],{"class":586},[47,63925,590],{"class":83},[47,63927,2382],{"class":586},[47,63929,590],{"class":83},[47,63931,1841],{"class":586},[47,63933,2300],{"class":83},[724,63935,63937,63938],{"id":63936},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[47,63939,63940],{},"\"hello\"",[20,63942,63943],{},"This is a common surprise:",[38,63945,63947],{"className":40,"code":63946,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,63948,63949],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63950,63951,63953,63955,63957,63959,63961,63963,63965],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63952,98],{"class":97},[47,63954,101],{"class":83},[47,63956,7492],{"class":919},[47,63958,101],{"class":83},[47,63960,253],{"class":61},[47,63962,256],{"class":65},[47,63964,253],{"class":61},[47,63966,1419],{"class":83},[20,63968,338],{},[38,63970,63972],{"className":40,"code":63971,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,63973,63974],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63975,63976,63978,63980,63982,63984,63986,63988,63990,63992,63994,63996,63998,64000,64002,64004,64006,64008,64010,64012,64014,64016],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63977,3296],{"class":83},[47,63979,2693],{"class":61},[47,63981,59844],{"class":65},[47,63983,2693],{"class":61},[47,63985,590],{"class":83},[47,63987,2688],{"class":61},[47,63989,59853],{"class":65},[47,63991,2693],{"class":61},[47,63993,590],{"class":83},[47,63995,2688],{"class":61},[47,63997,59862],{"class":65},[47,63999,2693],{"class":61},[47,64001,590],{"class":83},[47,64003,2688],{"class":61},[47,64005,59862],{"class":65},[47,64007,2693],{"class":61},[47,64009,590],{"class":83},[47,64011,2688],{"class":61},[47,64013,59879],{"class":65},[47,64015,2693],{"class":61},[47,64017,3030],{"class":83},[20,64019,64020],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64022,64023],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[38,64025,64027],{"className":40,"code":64026,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64028,64029],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64030,64031,64033,64035,64037,64039,64041],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64032,98],{"class":97},[47,64034,2374],{"class":83},[47,64036,253],{"class":61},[47,64038,256],{"class":65},[47,64040,253],{"class":61},[47,64042,3284],{"class":83},[724,64044,64046],{"id":64045},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64048,64049],{},"This:",[38,64051,64053],{"className":40,"code":64052,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64054,64055,64087],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64056,64057,64059,64061,64063,64065,64067,64069,64071,64073,64075,64077,64079,64081,64083,64085],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64058,8563],{"class":53},[47,64060,58],{"class":57},[47,64062,9890],{"class":83},[47,64064,253],{"class":61},[47,64066,154],{"class":65},[47,64068,253],{"class":61},[47,64070,1032],{"class":83},[47,64072,4898],{"class":586},[47,64074,590],{"class":83},[47,64076,62],{"class":61},[47,64078,4158],{"class":65},[47,64080,253],{"class":61},[47,64082,1032],{"class":83},[47,64084,2382],{"class":586},[47,64086,8707],{"class":83},[47,64088,64089,64091,64093,64095,64097,64099],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,64090,98],{"class":97},[47,64092,101],{"class":83},[47,64094,7492],{"class":919},[47,64096,101],{"class":83},[47,64098,8602],{"class":87},[47,64100,1419],{"class":83},[20,64102,64103],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64105,1486,64106,64109],{},[15,64107,64108],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[724,64111,64113],{"id":64112},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64115,64116,64118],{},[15,64117,24184],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64120,64121],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[33,64123,1155],{"id":1154},[724,64125,4578,64127,64129],{"id":64126},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[47,64128],{}," and list()?",[20,64131,64132,64133,64135,64136,64138],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64134,3183],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64137,24184],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[724,64140,64142],{"id":64141},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64144,64145,64146,64148],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64147,24184],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[724,64150,64152],{"id":64151},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64154,64155],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[724,64157,64159],{"id":64158},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64161,64162],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[724,64164,64166],{"id":64165},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64168,64169,64170,64172],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64171,24184],{}," cannot loop through it.",[33,64174,1275],{"id":1274},[133,64176,64177,64181,64186,64190,64194,64198,64202,64207],{},[136,64178,64179],{},[154,64180,52176],{"href":50383},[136,64182,64183],{},[154,64184,64185],{"href":35599},"Python range() function explained",[136,64187,64188],{},[154,64189,62623],{"href":62622},[136,64191,64192],{},[154,64193,62955],{"href":62954},[136,64195,64196],{},[154,64197,4615],{"href":4987},[136,64199,64200],{},[154,64201,13192],{"href":13191},[136,64203,64204],{},[154,64205,64206],{"href":52004},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[136,64208,64209],{},[154,64210,53683],{"href":52453},[1320,64212,64213],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":64215},[64216,64217,64218,64219,64220,64227,64228,64229,64234,64235,64242,64250],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":62325,"depth":72,"text":62326},{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":59026,"depth":72,"text":59027},{"id":62553,"depth":72,"text":62554,"children":64221},[64222,64223,64224,64225,64226],{"id":62557,"depth":94,"text":62558},{"id":62626,"depth":94,"text":62627},{"id":62704,"depth":94,"text":62705},{"id":62779,"depth":94,"text":62780},{"id":62846,"depth":94,"text":62847},{"id":62958,"depth":72,"text":62959},{"id":63094,"depth":72,"text":63095},{"id":63394,"depth":72,"text":63395,"children":64230},[64231,64232,64233],{"id":63403,"depth":94,"text":63404},{"id":63493,"depth":94,"text":63494},{"id":63587,"depth":94,"text":63588},{"id":63702,"depth":72,"text":63703},{"id":3914,"depth":72,"text":3915,"children":64236},[64237,64238,64240,64241],{"id":63869,"depth":94,"text":63870},{"id":63936,"depth":94,"text":64239},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64045,"depth":94,"text":64046},{"id":64112,"depth":94,"text":64113},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":64243},[64244,64246,64247,64248,64249],{"id":64126,"depth":94,"text":64245},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64141,"depth":94,"text":64142},{"id":64151,"depth":94,"text":64152},{"id":64158,"depth":94,"text":64159},{"id":64165,"depth":94,"text":64166},{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62159,"description":64251},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64258,"title":64259,"body":64260,"description":65611,"extension":1354,"meta":65612,"navigation":311,"path":65613,"seo":65614,"stem":65615,"__hash__":65616},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64261,"toc":65585},[64262,64267,64273,64282,64284,64357,64366,64371,64375,64391,64395,64397,64399,64418,64421,64449,64452,64477,64485,64487,64492,64499,64501,64558,64560,64568,64574,64578,64581,64654,64656,64664,64667,64690,64697,64703,64707,64713,64784,64786,64794,64803,64810,64817,64825,64969,64971,64988,64991,65030,65033,65037,65042,65044,65103,65109,65112,65219,65221,65236,65239,65246,65248,65252,65400,65403,65464,65467,65470,65491,65496,65500,65511,65514,65516,65521,65524,65532,65537,65543,65546,65552,65560,65562,65582],[10,64263,53747,64265,18],{"id":64264},"python-list-index-method",[15,64266,58374],{},[20,64268,64269,64272],{},[15,64270,64271],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64274,64275,64276,64279,64280,84],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[121,64277,64278],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64281,40107],{},[33,64283,3002],{"id":3001},[38,64285,64287],{"className":40,"code":64286,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64288,64289,64321,64344],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64290,64291,64293,64295,64297,64299,64301,64303,64305,64307,64309,64311,64313,64315,64317,64319],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64292,7178],{"class":53},[47,64294,58],{"class":57},[47,64296,3017],{"class":83},[47,64298,253],{"class":61},[47,64300,3475],{"class":65},[47,64302,253],{"class":61},[47,64304,590],{"class":83},[47,64306,62],{"class":61},[47,64308,288],{"class":65},[47,64310,253],{"class":61},[47,64312,590],{"class":83},[47,64314,62],{"class":61},[47,64316,3492],{"class":65},[47,64318,253],{"class":61},[47,64320,3030],{"class":83},[47,64322,64323,64326,64328,64330,64332,64334,64336,64338,64340,64342],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,64324,64325],{"class":53},"position ",[47,64327,58],{"class":57},[47,64329,5367],{"class":53},[47,64331,84],{"class":83},[47,64333,35250],{"class":87},[47,64335,101],{"class":83},[47,64337,253],{"class":61},[47,64339,288],{"class":65},[47,64341,253],{"class":61},[47,64343,107],{"class":83},[47,64345,64346,64348,64350,64353,64355],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,64347,98],{"class":97},[47,64349,101],{"class":83},[47,64351,64352],{"class":87},"position",[47,64354,3057],{"class":83},[47,64356,27184],{"class":113},[20,64358,1486,64359,64362,64363,64365],{},[15,64360,64361],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,64364,40107],{}," if the item is not found.",[33,64367,128,64369,131],{"id":64368},"what-listindex-does",[15,64370,64271],{},[20,64372,64373,1032],{},[15,64374,64271],{},[133,64376,64377,64380,64383,64388],{},[136,64378,64379],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[136,64381,64382],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[136,64384,64385,64386],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,64387,1514],{},[136,64389,64390],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,64392,53972,64393,84],{},[154,64394,52176],{"href":53975},[33,64396,166],{"id":165},[20,64398,30130],{},[38,64400,64402],{"className":40,"code":64401,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,64403,64404],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64405,64406,64408,64410,64412,64414,64416],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64407,7737],{"class":53},[47,64409,84],{"class":83},[47,64411,35250],{"class":87},[47,64413,101],{"class":83},[47,64415,1863],{"class":87},[47,64417,107],{"class":83},[20,64419,64420],{},"You can also limit the search:",[38,64422,64424],{"className":40,"code":64423,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,64425,64426],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64427,64428,64430,64432,64434,64436,64438,64440,64442,64444,64447],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64429,7737],{"class":53},[47,64431,84],{"class":83},[47,64433,35250],{"class":87},[47,64435,101],{"class":83},[47,64437,1863],{"class":87},[47,64439,590],{"class":83},[47,64441,35455],{"class":87},[47,64443,590],{"class":83},[47,64445,64446],{"class":87}," end",[47,64448,107],{"class":83},[20,64450,64451],{},"Here is what each part means:",[133,64453,64454,64459,64464,64469],{},[136,64455,64456,64458],{},[15,64457,1863],{},": the item to search for",[136,64460,64461,64463],{},[15,64462,35476],{},": where the search begins",[136,64465,64466,64468],{},[15,64467,52065],{},": where the search stops",[136,64470,64471,4181,64473,64476],{},[15,64472,52065],{},[121,64474,64475],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,64478,64479,64480,64482,64483,84],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,64481,35476],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,64484,52065],{},[33,64486,37425],{"id":37424},[20,64488,64489,64491],{},[15,64490,64271],{}," returns an integer.",[20,64493,64494,64495,64498],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[121,64496,64497],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,64500,538],{},[38,64502,64504],{"className":40,"code":64503,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,64505,64506,64526,64544,64548],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64507,64508,64510,64512,64514,64516,64518,64520,64522,64524],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64509,3012],{"class":53},[47,64511,58],{"class":57},[47,64513,3017],{"class":83},[47,64515,1719],{"class":586},[47,64517,590],{"class":83},[47,64519,7189],{"class":586},[47,64521,590],{"class":83},[47,64523,7194],{"class":586},[47,64525,3030],{"class":83},[47,64527,64528,64530,64532,64534,64536,64538,64540,64542],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,64529,75],{"class":53},[47,64531,58],{"class":57},[47,64533,3659],{"class":53},[47,64535,84],{"class":83},[47,64537,35250],{"class":87},[47,64539,101],{"class":83},[47,64541,15157],{"class":586},[47,64543,107],{"class":83},[47,64545,64546],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,64547,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,64549,64550,64552,64554,64556],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,64551,98],{"class":97},[47,64553,101],{"class":83},[47,64555,104],{"class":87},[47,64557,107],{"class":83},[20,64559,338],{},[38,64561,64562],{"className":40,"code":46321,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,64563,64564],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64565,64566],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64567,46321],{"class":586},[20,64569,64570,64571,64573],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,64572,58374],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[33,64575,64577],{"id":64576},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,64579,64580],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[38,64582,64584],{"className":40,"code":64583,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,64585,64586,64618,64640,64644],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64587,64588,64590,64592,64594,64596,64598,64600,64602,64604,64606,64608,64610,64612,64614,64616],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64589,35643],{"class":53},[47,64591,58],{"class":57},[47,64593,3017],{"class":83},[47,64595,253],{"class":61},[47,64597,3475],{"class":65},[47,64599,253],{"class":61},[47,64601,590],{"class":83},[47,64603,62],{"class":61},[47,64605,288],{"class":65},[47,64607,253],{"class":61},[47,64609,590],{"class":83},[47,64611,62],{"class":61},[47,64613,3492],{"class":65},[47,64615,253],{"class":61},[47,64617,3030],{"class":83},[47,64619,64620,64622,64624,64626,64628,64630,64632,64634,64636,64638],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,64621,64325],{"class":53},[47,64623,58],{"class":57},[47,64625,52256],{"class":53},[47,64627,84],{"class":83},[47,64629,35250],{"class":87},[47,64631,101],{"class":83},[47,64633,253],{"class":61},[47,64635,3492],{"class":65},[47,64637,253],{"class":61},[47,64639,107],{"class":83},[47,64641,64642],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,64643,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,64645,64646,64648,64650,64652],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,64647,98],{"class":97},[47,64649,101],{"class":83},[47,64651,64352],{"class":87},[47,64653,107],{"class":83},[20,64655,338],{},[38,64657,64658],{"className":40,"code":16458,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,64659,64660],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64661,64662],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64663,16458],{"class":586},[20,64665,64666],{},"In this list:",[133,64668,64669,64676,64683],{},[136,64670,64671,64673,64674],{},[15,64672,57239],{}," is at index ",[15,64675,1514],{},[136,64677,64678,64673,64681],{},[15,64679,64680],{},"\"banana\"",[15,64682,2377],{},[136,64684,64685,64673,64688],{},[15,64686,64687],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,64689,1449],{},[20,64691,53058,64692,1786,64695,84],{},[15,64693,64694],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,64696,1449],{},[20,64698,50947,64699,84],{},[154,64700,64702],{"href":64701},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[33,64704,64706],{"id":64705},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,64708,64709,64710,64712],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,64711,58374],{}," returns the first match only.",[38,64714,64716],{"className":40,"code":64715,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,64717,64718,64758,64762],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64719,64720,64722,64724,64726,64728,64730,64732,64734,64736,64738,64740,64742,64744,64746,64748,64750,64752,64754,64756],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64721,12476],{"class":53},[47,64723,58],{"class":57},[47,64725,3017],{"class":83},[47,64727,253],{"class":61},[47,64729,12493],{"class":65},[47,64731,253],{"class":61},[47,64733,590],{"class":83},[47,64735,62],{"class":61},[47,64737,12510],{"class":65},[47,64739,253],{"class":61},[47,64741,590],{"class":83},[47,64743,62],{"class":61},[47,64745,12493],{"class":65},[47,64747,253],{"class":61},[47,64749,590],{"class":83},[47,64751,62],{"class":61},[47,64753,16858],{"class":65},[47,64755,253],{"class":61},[47,64757,3030],{"class":83},[47,64759,64760],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,64761,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,64763,64764,64766,64768,64770,64772,64774,64776,64778,64780,64782],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,64765,98],{"class":97},[47,64767,101],{"class":83},[47,64769,16905],{"class":87},[47,64771,84],{"class":83},[47,64773,35250],{"class":87},[47,64775,101],{"class":83},[47,64777,253],{"class":61},[47,64779,12493],{"class":65},[47,64781,253],{"class":61},[47,64783,1419],{"class":83},[20,64785,338],{},[38,64787,64788],{"className":40,"code":46656,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,64789,64790],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64791,64792],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64793,46656],{"class":586},[20,64795,443,64796,64799,64800,64802],{},[15,64797,64798],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,64801,1514],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,64804,64805,64806,84],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[154,64807,54925,64808,1289],{"href":58433},[15,64809,56696],{},[33,64811,7816,64813,1063,64815],{"id":64812},"using-start-and-end",[15,64814,35476],{},[15,64816,52065],{},[20,64818,64819,64820,1063,64822,64824],{},"The optional ",[15,64821,35476],{},[15,64823,52065],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[38,64826,64828],{"className":40,"code":64827,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,64829,64830,64878,64882,64907,64936],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64831,64832,64834,64836,64838,64840,64842,64844,64846,64848,64850,64852,64854,64856,64858,64860,64862,64864,64866,64868,64870,64872,64874,64876],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64833,35494],{"class":53},[47,64835,58],{"class":57},[47,64837,3017],{"class":83},[47,64839,253],{"class":61},[47,64841,154],{"class":65},[47,64843,253],{"class":61},[47,64845,590],{"class":83},[47,64847,62],{"class":61},[47,64849,4158],{"class":65},[47,64851,253],{"class":61},[47,64853,590],{"class":83},[47,64855,62],{"class":61},[47,64857,9138],{"class":65},[47,64859,253],{"class":61},[47,64861,590],{"class":83},[47,64863,62],{"class":61},[47,64865,4158],{"class":65},[47,64867,253],{"class":61},[47,64869,590],{"class":83},[47,64871,62],{"class":61},[47,64873,18170],{"class":65},[47,64875,253],{"class":61},[47,64877,3030],{"class":83},[47,64879,64880],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,64881,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,64883,64884,64886,64888,64890,64892,64894,64896,64898,64900,64902,64904],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,64885,98],{"class":97},[47,64887,101],{"class":83},[47,64889,35547],{"class":87},[47,64891,84],{"class":83},[47,64893,35250],{"class":87},[47,64895,101],{"class":83},[47,64897,253],{"class":61},[47,64899,4158],{"class":65},[47,64901,253],{"class":61},[47,64903,4761],{"class":83},[47,64905,64906],{"class":113},"        # first match\n",[47,64908,64909,64911,64913,64915,64917,64919,64921,64923,64925,64927,64929,64931,64933],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,64910,98],{"class":97},[47,64912,101],{"class":83},[47,64914,35547],{"class":87},[47,64916,84],{"class":83},[47,64918,35250],{"class":87},[47,64920,101],{"class":83},[47,64922,253],{"class":61},[47,64924,4158],{"class":65},[47,64926,253],{"class":61},[47,64928,590],{"class":83},[47,64930,2382],{"class":586},[47,64932,4761],{"class":83},[47,64934,64935],{"class":113},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[47,64937,64938,64940,64942,64944,64946,64948,64950,64952,64954,64956,64958,64960,64962,64964,64966],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,64939,98],{"class":97},[47,64941,101],{"class":83},[47,64943,35547],{"class":87},[47,64945,84],{"class":83},[47,64947,35250],{"class":87},[47,64949,101],{"class":83},[47,64951,253],{"class":61},[47,64953,4158],{"class":65},[47,64955,253],{"class":61},[47,64957,590],{"class":83},[47,64959,4898],{"class":586},[47,64961,590],{"class":83},[47,64963,1847],{"class":586},[47,64965,4761],{"class":83},[47,64967,64968],{"class":113},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,64970,338],{},[38,64972,64974],{"className":40,"code":64973,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,64975,64976,64980,64984],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64977,64978],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64979,46321],{"class":586},[47,64981,64982],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,64983,46021],{"class":586},[47,64985,64986],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,64987,46321],{"class":586},[20,64989,64990],{},"How this works:",[133,64992,64993,65005,65018],{},[136,64994,64995,64998,64999,65002,65003],{},[15,64996,64997],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65000,65001],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65004,2377],{},[136,65006,65007,65010,65011,65013,65014,65002,65016],{},[15,65008,65009],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65012,1449],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65015,65001],{},[15,65017,1455],{},[136,65019,65020,65023,65024,712,65026,16474,65028],{},[15,65021,65022],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65025,2377],{},[15,65027,1449],{},[15,65029,1455],{},[20,65031,65032],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[33,65034,65036],{"id":65035},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65038,65039,65040,84],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65041,40107],{},[20,65043,538],{},[38,65045,65047],{"className":40,"code":65046,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65048,65049,65081],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65050,65051,65053,65055,65057,65059,65061,65063,65065,65067,65069,65071,65073,65075,65077,65079],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65052,7178],{"class":53},[47,65054,58],{"class":57},[47,65056,3017],{"class":83},[47,65058,253],{"class":61},[47,65060,3475],{"class":65},[47,65062,253],{"class":61},[47,65064,590],{"class":83},[47,65066,62],{"class":61},[47,65068,288],{"class":65},[47,65070,253],{"class":61},[47,65072,590],{"class":83},[47,65074,62],{"class":61},[47,65076,3492],{"class":65},[47,65078,253],{"class":61},[47,65080,3030],{"class":83},[47,65082,65083,65085,65087,65089,65091,65093,65095,65097,65099,65101],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,65084,98],{"class":97},[47,65086,101],{"class":83},[47,65088,7209],{"class":87},[47,65090,84],{"class":83},[47,65092,35250],{"class":87},[47,65094,101],{"class":83},[47,65096,253],{"class":61},[47,65098,32627],{"class":65},[47,65100,253],{"class":61},[47,65102,1419],{"class":83},[20,65104,887,65105,65108],{},[15,65106,65107],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65110,65111],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[38,65113,65115],{"className":40,"code":65114,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65116,65117,65149,65162,65166,65179,65198,65204],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65118,65119,65121,65123,65125,65127,65129,65131,65133,65135,65137,65139,65141,65143,65145,65147],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65120,7178],{"class":53},[47,65122,58],{"class":57},[47,65124,3017],{"class":83},[47,65126,253],{"class":61},[47,65128,3475],{"class":65},[47,65130,253],{"class":61},[47,65132,590],{"class":83},[47,65134,62],{"class":61},[47,65136,288],{"class":65},[47,65138,253],{"class":61},[47,65140,590],{"class":83},[47,65142,62],{"class":61},[47,65144,3492],{"class":65},[47,65146,253],{"class":61},[47,65148,3030],{"class":83},[47,65150,65151,65154,65156,65158,65160],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,65152,65153],{"class":53},"search_value ",[47,65155,58],{"class":57},[47,65157,62],{"class":61},[47,65159,32627],{"class":65},[47,65161,69],{"class":61},[47,65163,65164],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,65165,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,65167,65168,65170,65173,65175,65177],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,65169,656],{"class":655},[47,65171,65172],{"class":53}," search_value ",[47,65174,3278],{"class":57},[47,65176,5367],{"class":53},[47,65178,679],{"class":83},[47,65180,65181,65183,65185,65187,65189,65191,65193,65196],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,65182,684],{"class":97},[47,65184,101],{"class":83},[47,65186,7209],{"class":87},[47,65188,84],{"class":83},[47,65190,35250],{"class":87},[47,65192,101],{"class":83},[47,65194,65195],{"class":87},"search_value",[47,65197,1419],{"class":83},[47,65199,65200,65202],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,65201,26838],{"class":655},[47,65203,679],{"class":83},[47,65205,65206,65208,65210,65212,65215,65217],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,65207,684],{"class":97},[47,65209,101],{"class":83},[47,65211,253],{"class":61},[47,65213,65214],{"class":65},"Item not found",[47,65216,253],{"class":61},[47,65218,107],{"class":83},[20,65220,338],{},[38,65222,65224],{"className":40,"code":65223,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Item not found\n",[15,65225,65226],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65227,65228,65231,65233],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65229,65230],{"class":53},"Item ",[47,65232,123],{"class":57},[47,65234,65235],{"class":53}," found\n",[20,65237,65238],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65240,65241,65242,84],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[154,65243,65245],{"href":65244},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[33,65247,3915],{"id":3914},[20,65249,20613,65250,1032],{},[15,65251,64271],{},[133,65253,65254,65272,65284,65344],{},[136,65255,25178,65256,1786,65258,65261,65262,65264,65265,4559,65267,65269,65270,84],{},[15,65257,58374],{},[15,65259,65260],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9245,65263],{},"\nPython does ",[121,65266,123],{},[15,65268,65260],{},". It raises ",[15,65271,40107],{},[136,65273,65274,65275,65277,65280,65281,65283],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9245,65276],{},[15,65278,65279],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65282,64680],{},", not the value itself.",[136,65285,7816,65286,10492,65289,65291,65293,65294,788,65296,65319,737,65321],{},[15,65287,65288],{},"index[]",[15,65290,58374],{},[9245,65292],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9245,65295],{},[38,65297,65299],{"className":40,"code":65298,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65300,65301],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65302,65303,65305,65307,65309,65311,65313,65315,65317],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65304,7209],{"class":53},[47,65306,84],{"class":83},[47,65308,35250],{"class":87},[47,65310,101],{"class":83},[47,65312,253],{"class":61},[47,65314,288],{"class":65},[47,65316,253],{"class":61},[47,65318,107],{"class":83},[9245,65320],{},[38,65322,65324],{"className":40,"code":65323,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,65325,65326],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65327,65328,65330,65332,65334,65336,65338,65340,65342],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65329,7209],{"class":53},[47,65331,84],{"class":83},[47,65333,35250],{"class":24153},[47,65335,3296],{"class":83},[47,65337,253],{"class":61},[47,65339,288],{"class":65},[47,65341,253],{"class":61},[47,65343,3030],{"class":83},[136,65345,65346,65347,65349,1063,65352,65354,65355],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9245,65348],{},[15,65350,65351],{},"\"3\"",[15,65353,1455],{}," are different values in Python.",[38,65356,65358],{"className":40,"code":65357,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,65359,65360,65380],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65361,65362,65364,65366,65368,65370,65372,65374,65376,65378],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65363,3012],{"class":53},[47,65365,58],{"class":57},[47,65367,3017],{"class":83},[47,65369,2377],{"class":586},[47,65371,590],{"class":83},[47,65373,2382],{"class":586},[47,65375,590],{"class":83},[47,65377,1841],{"class":586},[47,65379,3030],{"class":83},[47,65381,65382,65384,65386,65388,65390,65392,65394,65396,65398],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,65383,98],{"class":97},[47,65385,101],{"class":83},[47,65387,253],{"class":61},[47,65389,1455],{"class":65},[47,65391,253],{"class":61},[47,65393,20575],{"class":655},[47,65395,3659],{"class":87},[47,65397,3057],{"class":83},[47,65399,4169],{"class":113},[20,65401,65402],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[38,65404,65406],{"className":40,"code":65405,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,65407,65408,65418,65432,65446],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65409,65410,65412,65414,65416],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65411,98],{"class":97},[47,65413,101],{"class":83},[47,65415,7737],{"class":87},[47,65417,107],{"class":83},[47,65419,65420,65422,65424,65426,65428,65430],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,65421,98],{"class":97},[47,65423,101],{"class":83},[47,65425,2613],{"class":919},[47,65427,101],{"class":83},[47,65429,65195],{"class":87},[47,65431,1419],{"class":83},[47,65433,65434,65436,65438,65440,65442,65444],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,65435,98],{"class":97},[47,65437,101],{"class":83},[47,65439,65153],{"class":87},[47,65441,3278],{"class":655},[47,65443,7794],{"class":87},[47,65445,107],{"class":83},[47,65447,65448,65450,65452,65454,65456,65458,65460,65462],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,65449,98],{"class":97},[47,65451,101],{"class":83},[47,65453,7737],{"class":87},[47,65455,84],{"class":83},[47,65457,35250],{"class":87},[47,65459,101],{"class":83},[47,65461,65195],{"class":87},[47,65463,1419],{"class":83},[20,65465,65466],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,65468,65469],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[133,65471,65472,65475,65482,65488],{},[136,65473,65474],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[136,65476,65477,65478,10492,65480],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,65479,65351],{},[15,65481,1455],{},[136,65483,65484,65485,65487],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,65486,58374],{}," returns only the first one",[136,65489,65490],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[33,65492,603,65494],{"id":65493},"when-to-use-index",[15,65495,58374],{},[20,65497,1486,65498,10001],{},[15,65499,58374],{},[133,65501,65502,65505,65508],{},[136,65503,65504],{},"You need the position of a known value",[136,65506,65507],{},"You are working with a small list",[136,65509,65510],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,65512,65513],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[33,65515,1155],{"id":1154},[724,65517,4540,65519,4543],{"id":65518},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,65520,64271],{},[20,65522,65523],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[724,65525,1159,65527,4559,65529,65531],{"id":65526},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,65528,64271],{},[15,65530,65260],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,65533,65534,65535,6031],{},"No. It raises ",[15,65536,40107],{},[724,65538,4568,65540,65542],{"id":65539},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,65541,64271],{}," find all matching items?",[20,65544,65545],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[724,65547,65549,65550,1883],{"id":65548},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,65551,58374],{},[20,65553,65554,65555,1063,65557,65559],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,65556,35476],{},[15,65558,52065],{}," arguments.",[33,65561,1275],{"id":1274},[133,65563,65564,65568,65572,65576],{},[136,65565,65566],{},[154,65567,58362],{"href":64701},[136,65569,65570],{},[154,65571,52176],{"href":53975},[136,65573,65574],{},[154,65575,65245],{"href":65244},[136,65577,65578],{},[154,65579,54925,65580,1289],{"href":58433},[15,65581,56696],{},[1320,65583,65584],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":65586},[65587,65588,65590,65591,65592,65593,65594,65596,65597,65598,65600,65610],{"id":3001,"depth":72,"text":3002},{"id":64368,"depth":72,"text":65589},"What list.index() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":37424,"depth":72,"text":37425},{"id":64576,"depth":72,"text":64577},{"id":64705,"depth":72,"text":64706},{"id":64812,"depth":72,"text":65595},"Using start and end",{"id":65035,"depth":72,"text":65036},{"id":3914,"depth":72,"text":3915},{"id":65493,"depth":72,"text":65599},"When to use index()",{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":65601},[65602,65604,65606,65608],{"id":65518,"depth":94,"text":65603},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":65526,"depth":94,"text":65605},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":65539,"depth":94,"text":65607},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":65548,"depth":94,"text":65609},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64259,"description":65611},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":65618,"title":65619,"body":65620,"description":67562,"extension":1354,"meta":67563,"navigation":311,"path":67564,"seo":67565,"stem":67566,"__hash__":67567},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":65621,"toc":67522},[65622,65627,65632,65635,65644,65701,65707,65712,65716,65730,65736,65738,65761,65778,65780,65841,65843,65875,65888,65890,65893,65993,65995,66073,66079,66083,66091,66095,66101,66156,66158,66182,66186,66189,66242,66244,66268,66272,66275,66328,66330,66354,66358,66364,66435,66437,66478,66484,66491,66494,66499,66507,66512,66520,66522,66619,66621,66690,66697,66702,66704,66708,66713,66715,66786,66788,66817,66823,66825,66852,66855,66878,66882,66885,66907,66910,66933,66935,66995,66997,67029,67035,67040,67093,67095,67120,67123,67172,67174,67195,67199,67204,67207,67262,67264,67291,67298,67302,67307,67378,67381,67395,67400,67405,67407,67421,67433,67438,67440,67445,67450,67454,67457,67463,67469,67476,67484,67486,67519],[10,65623,53747,65625,18],{"id":65624},"python-list-insert-method",[15,65626,53673],{},[20,65628,65629,65631],{},[15,65630,53316],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,65633,65634],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,65636,1486,65637,65639,65640,84],{},[15,65638,53673],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[154,65641,54925,65642,1289],{"href":56174},[15,65643,52057],{},[38,65645,65647],{"className":40,"code":65646,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,65648,65649,65669,65687,65697],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65650,65651,65653,65655,65657,65659,65661,65663,65665,65667],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65652,3012],{"class":53},[47,65654,58],{"class":57},[47,65656,3017],{"class":83},[47,65658,2377],{"class":586},[47,65660,590],{"class":83},[47,65662,2382],{"class":586},[47,65664,590],{"class":83},[47,65666,1847],{"class":586},[47,65668,3030],{"class":83},[47,65670,65671,65673,65675,65677,65679,65681,65683,65685],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,65672,3044],{"class":53},[47,65674,84],{"class":83},[47,65676,53356],{"class":87},[47,65678,101],{"class":83},[47,65680,1449],{"class":586},[47,65682,590],{"class":83},[47,65684,1841],{"class":586},[47,65686,107],{"class":83},[47,65688,65689,65691,65693,65695],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,65690,98],{"class":97},[47,65692,101],{"class":83},[47,65694,3044],{"class":87},[47,65696,107],{"class":83},[47,65698,65699],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,65700,52128],{"class":113},[20,65702,1486,65703,65706],{},[15,65704,65705],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[33,65708,128,65710,131],{"id":65709},"what-listinsert-does",[15,65711,53316],{},[20,65713,65714,1032],{},[15,65715,53316],{},[133,65717,65718,65721,65724,65726],{},[136,65719,65720],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[136,65722,65723],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[136,65725,53833],{},[136,65727,10824,65728],{},[15,65729,3174],{},[20,65731,65732,65733,65735],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,65734,53673],{}," does not create a new list.",[33,65737,4831],{"id":4830},[38,65739,65741],{"className":40,"code":65740,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,65742,65743],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65744,65745,65747,65749,65751,65753,65755,65757,65759],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65746,7737],{"class":53},[47,65748,84],{"class":83},[47,65750,53356],{"class":87},[47,65752,101],{"class":83},[47,65754,35250],{"class":87},[47,65756,590],{"class":83},[47,65758,28911],{"class":87},[47,65760,107],{"class":83},[133,65762,65763,65768,65773],{},[136,65764,65765,65767],{},[15,65766,35250],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[136,65769,65770,65772],{},[15,65771,22713],{}," is the value to add",[136,65774,65775,65776],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,65777,1514],{},[20,65779,538],{},[38,65781,65783],{"className":40,"code":65782,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,65784,65785,65809,65831],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65786,65787,65789,65791,65793,65795,65797,65799,65801,65803,65805,65807],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65788,35494],{"class":53},[47,65790,58],{"class":57},[47,65792,3017],{"class":83},[47,65794,253],{"class":61},[47,65796,154],{"class":65},[47,65798,253],{"class":61},[47,65800,590],{"class":83},[47,65802,62],{"class":61},[47,65804,9138],{"class":65},[47,65806,253],{"class":61},[47,65808,3030],{"class":83},[47,65810,65811,65813,65815,65817,65819,65821,65823,65825,65827,65829],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,65812,35547],{"class":53},[47,65814,84],{"class":83},[47,65816,53356],{"class":87},[47,65818,101],{"class":83},[47,65820,2377],{"class":586},[47,65822,590],{"class":83},[47,65824,62],{"class":61},[47,65826,4158],{"class":65},[47,65828,253],{"class":61},[47,65830,107],{"class":83},[47,65832,65833,65835,65837,65839],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,65834,98],{"class":97},[47,65836,101],{"class":83},[47,65838,35547],{"class":87},[47,65840,107],{"class":83},[20,65842,338],{},[38,65844,65845],{"className":40,"code":42278,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,65846,65847],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65848,65849,65851,65853,65855,65857,65859,65861,65863,65865,65867,65869,65871,65873],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65850,3296],{"class":83},[47,65852,2693],{"class":61},[47,65854,154],{"class":65},[47,65856,2693],{"class":61},[47,65858,590],{"class":83},[47,65860,2688],{"class":61},[47,65862,4158],{"class":65},[47,65864,2693],{"class":61},[47,65866,590],{"class":83},[47,65868,2688],{"class":61},[47,65870,9138],{"class":65},[47,65872,2693],{"class":61},[47,65874,3030],{"class":83},[20,65876,20173,65877,65879,65880,65882,65883,1063,65885,84],{},[15,65878,65001],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,65881,2377],{},", so it appears between ",[15,65884,17498],{},[15,65886,65887],{},"\"c\"",[33,65889,5188],{"id":5187},[20,65891,65892],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[38,65894,65896],{"className":40,"code":65895,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,65897,65898,65930,65948,65952,65974],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65899,65900,65902,65904,65906,65908,65910,65912,65914,65916,65918,65920,65922,65924,65926,65928],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65901,12476],{"class":53},[47,65903,58],{"class":57},[47,65905,3017],{"class":83},[47,65907,253],{"class":61},[47,65909,12493],{"class":65},[47,65911,253],{"class":61},[47,65913,590],{"class":83},[47,65915,62],{"class":61},[47,65917,12510],{"class":65},[47,65919,253],{"class":61},[47,65921,590],{"class":83},[47,65923,62],{"class":61},[47,65925,16858],{"class":65},[47,65927,253],{"class":61},[47,65929,3030],{"class":83},[47,65931,65932,65934,65936,65938,65940,65942,65944,65946],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,65933,98],{"class":97},[47,65935,101],{"class":83},[47,65937,253],{"class":61},[47,65939,10962],{"class":65},[47,65941,253],{"class":61},[47,65943,590],{"class":83},[47,65945,12524],{"class":87},[47,65947,107],{"class":83},[47,65949,65950],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,65951,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,65953,65954,65956,65958,65960,65962,65964,65966,65968,65970,65972],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,65955,16905],{"class":53},[47,65957,84],{"class":83},[47,65959,53356],{"class":87},[47,65961,101],{"class":83},[47,65963,2377],{"class":586},[47,65965,590],{"class":83},[47,65967,62],{"class":61},[47,65969,21926],{"class":65},[47,65971,253],{"class":61},[47,65973,107],{"class":83},[47,65975,65976,65978,65980,65982,65985,65987,65989,65991],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,65977,98],{"class":97},[47,65979,101],{"class":83},[47,65981,253],{"class":61},[47,65983,65984],{"class":65},"After: ",[47,65986,253],{"class":61},[47,65988,590],{"class":83},[47,65990,12524],{"class":87},[47,65992,107],{"class":83},[20,65994,338],{},[38,65996,65998],{"className":40,"code":65997,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,65999,66000,66032],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66001,66002,66004,66006,66008,66010,66012,66014,66016,66018,66020,66022,66024,66026,66028,66030],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66003,11022],{"class":53},[47,66005,1032],{"class":83},[47,66007,3017],{"class":83},[47,66009,2693],{"class":61},[47,66011,12493],{"class":65},[47,66013,2693],{"class":61},[47,66015,590],{"class":83},[47,66017,2688],{"class":61},[47,66019,12510],{"class":65},[47,66021,2693],{"class":61},[47,66023,590],{"class":83},[47,66025,2688],{"class":61},[47,66027,16858],{"class":65},[47,66029,2693],{"class":61},[47,66031,3030],{"class":83},[47,66033,66034,66036,66038,66041,66043,66045,66047,66049,66051,66053,66055,66057,66059,66061,66063,66065,66067,66069,66071],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,66035,11075],{"class":53},[47,66037,1032],{"class":83},[47,66039,66040],{"class":83},"  [",[47,66042,2693],{"class":61},[47,66044,12493],{"class":65},[47,66046,2693],{"class":61},[47,66048,590],{"class":83},[47,66050,2688],{"class":61},[47,66052,21926],{"class":65},[47,66054,2693],{"class":61},[47,66056,590],{"class":83},[47,66058,2688],{"class":61},[47,66060,12510],{"class":65},[47,66062,2693],{"class":61},[47,66064,590],{"class":83},[47,66066,2688],{"class":61},[47,66068,16858],{"class":65},[47,66070,2693],{"class":61},[47,66072,3030],{"class":83},[20,66074,66075,66076,66078],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66077,2377],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[33,66080,66082],{"id":66081},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66084,1371,66085,34733,66087,66090],{},[15,66086,35250],{},[15,66088,66089],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[724,66092,66094],{"id":66093},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66096,66097,66098,66100],{},"Use index ",[15,66099,1514],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[38,66102,66104],{"className":40,"code":66103,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66105,66106,66127,66146],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66107,66108,66111,66113,66115,66117,66119,66121,66123,66125],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66109,66110],{"class":53},"nums ",[47,66112,58],{"class":57},[47,66114,3017],{"class":83},[47,66116,1449],{"class":586},[47,66118,590],{"class":83},[47,66120,1841],{"class":586},[47,66122,590],{"class":83},[47,66124,1847],{"class":586},[47,66126,3030],{"class":83},[47,66128,66129,66132,66134,66136,66138,66140,66142,66144],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,66130,66131],{"class":53},"nums",[47,66133,84],{"class":83},[47,66135,53356],{"class":87},[47,66137,101],{"class":83},[47,66139,1514],{"class":586},[47,66141,590],{"class":83},[47,66143,4898],{"class":586},[47,66145,107],{"class":83},[47,66147,66148,66150,66152,66154],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,66149,98],{"class":97},[47,66151,101],{"class":83},[47,66153,66131],{"class":87},[47,66155,107],{"class":83},[20,66157,338],{},[38,66159,66160],{"className":40,"code":52910,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,66161,66162],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66163,66164,66166,66168,66170,66172,66174,66176,66178,66180],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66165,3296],{"class":83},[47,66167,2377],{"class":586},[47,66169,590],{"class":83},[47,66171,2382],{"class":586},[47,66173,590],{"class":83},[47,66175,1841],{"class":586},[47,66177,590],{"class":83},[47,66179,1847],{"class":586},[47,66181,3030],{"class":83},[724,66183,66185],{"id":66184},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66187,66188],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[38,66190,66192],{"className":40,"code":66191,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66193,66194,66214,66232],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66195,66196,66198,66200,66202,66204,66206,66208,66210,66212],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66197,66110],{"class":53},[47,66199,58],{"class":57},[47,66201,3017],{"class":83},[47,66203,2377],{"class":586},[47,66205,590],{"class":83},[47,66207,2382],{"class":586},[47,66209,590],{"class":83},[47,66211,1847],{"class":586},[47,66213,3030],{"class":83},[47,66215,66216,66218,66220,66222,66224,66226,66228,66230],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,66217,66131],{"class":53},[47,66219,84],{"class":83},[47,66221,53356],{"class":87},[47,66223,101],{"class":83},[47,66225,1449],{"class":586},[47,66227,590],{"class":83},[47,66229,1841],{"class":586},[47,66231,107],{"class":83},[47,66233,66234,66236,66238,66240],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,66235,98],{"class":97},[47,66237,101],{"class":83},[47,66239,66131],{"class":87},[47,66241,107],{"class":83},[20,66243,338],{},[38,66245,66246],{"className":40,"code":52910,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,66247,66248],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66249,66250,66252,66254,66256,66258,66260,66262,66264,66266],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66251,3296],{"class":83},[47,66253,2377],{"class":586},[47,66255,590],{"class":83},[47,66257,2382],{"class":586},[47,66259,590],{"class":83},[47,66261,1841],{"class":586},[47,66263,590],{"class":83},[47,66265,1847],{"class":586},[47,66267,3030],{"class":83},[724,66269,66271],{"id":66270},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66273,66274],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[38,66276,66278],{"className":40,"code":66277,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66279,66280,66300,66318],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66281,66282,66284,66286,66288,66290,66292,66294,66296,66298],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66283,66110],{"class":53},[47,66285,58],{"class":57},[47,66287,3017],{"class":83},[47,66289,2377],{"class":586},[47,66291,590],{"class":83},[47,66293,2382],{"class":586},[47,66295,590],{"class":83},[47,66297,1841],{"class":586},[47,66299,3030],{"class":83},[47,66301,66302,66304,66306,66308,66310,66312,66314,66316],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,66303,66131],{"class":53},[47,66305,84],{"class":83},[47,66307,53356],{"class":87},[47,66309,101],{"class":83},[47,66311,1719],{"class":586},[47,66313,590],{"class":83},[47,66315,1847],{"class":586},[47,66317,107],{"class":83},[47,66319,66320,66322,66324,66326],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,66321,98],{"class":97},[47,66323,101],{"class":83},[47,66325,66131],{"class":87},[47,66327,107],{"class":83},[20,66329,338],{},[38,66331,66332],{"className":40,"code":52910,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,66333,66334],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66335,66336,66338,66340,66342,66344,66346,66348,66350,66352],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66337,3296],{"class":83},[47,66339,2377],{"class":586},[47,66341,590],{"class":83},[47,66343,2382],{"class":586},[47,66345,590],{"class":83},[47,66347,1841],{"class":586},[47,66349,590],{"class":83},[47,66351,1847],{"class":586},[47,66353,3030],{"class":83},[724,66355,66357],{"id":66356},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,66359,66360,66361,66363],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,66362,53673],{}," places the item before that position.",[38,66365,66367],{"className":40,"code":66366,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66368,66369,66401,66425],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66370,66371,66373,66375,66377,66379,66381,66383,66385,66387,66389,66391,66393,66395,66397,66399],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66372,35494],{"class":53},[47,66374,58],{"class":57},[47,66376,3017],{"class":83},[47,66378,253],{"class":61},[47,66380,154],{"class":65},[47,66382,253],{"class":61},[47,66384,590],{"class":83},[47,66386,62],{"class":61},[47,66388,4158],{"class":65},[47,66390,253],{"class":61},[47,66392,590],{"class":83},[47,66394,62],{"class":61},[47,66396,18170],{"class":65},[47,66398,253],{"class":61},[47,66400,3030],{"class":83},[47,66402,66403,66405,66407,66409,66411,66413,66415,66417,66419,66421,66423],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,66404,35547],{"class":53},[47,66406,84],{"class":83},[47,66408,53356],{"class":87},[47,66410,101],{"class":83},[47,66412,1413],{"class":57},[47,66414,2377],{"class":586},[47,66416,590],{"class":83},[47,66418,62],{"class":61},[47,66420,9138],{"class":65},[47,66422,253],{"class":61},[47,66424,107],{"class":83},[47,66426,66427,66429,66431,66433],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,66428,98],{"class":97},[47,66430,101],{"class":83},[47,66432,35547],{"class":87},[47,66434,107],{"class":83},[20,66436,338],{},[38,66438,66440],{"className":40,"code":66439,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,66441,66442],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66443,66444,66446,66448,66450,66452,66454,66456,66458,66460,66462,66464,66466,66468,66470,66472,66474,66476],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66445,3296],{"class":83},[47,66447,2693],{"class":61},[47,66449,154],{"class":65},[47,66451,2693],{"class":61},[47,66453,590],{"class":83},[47,66455,2688],{"class":61},[47,66457,4158],{"class":65},[47,66459,2693],{"class":61},[47,66461,590],{"class":83},[47,66463,2688],{"class":61},[47,66465,9138],{"class":65},[47,66467,2693],{"class":61},[47,66469,590],{"class":83},[47,66471,2688],{"class":61},[47,66473,18170],{"class":65},[47,66475,2693],{"class":61},[47,66477,3030],{"class":83},[20,66479,66480,66481,1692],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[154,66482,66483],{"href":50383},"Python lists beginner guide",[33,66485,66487,9985,66489],{"id":66486},"insert-vs-append",[15,66488,53673],{},[15,66490,52057],{},[20,66492,66493],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[724,66495,1486,66497,10001],{"id":66496},"use-insert-when",[15,66498,53673],{},[133,66500,66501,66504],{},[136,66502,66503],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[136,66505,66506],{},"The order of the list matters",[724,66508,1486,66510,10001],{"id":66509},"use-append-when",[15,66511,52057],{},[133,66513,66514,66517],{},[136,66515,66516],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[136,66518,66519],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,66521,538],{},[38,66523,66525],{"className":40,"code":66524,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,66526,66527,66551,66555,66577,66587,66591,66609],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66528,66529,66531,66533,66535,66537,66539,66541,66543,66545,66547,66549],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66530,7178],{"class":53},[47,66532,58],{"class":57},[47,66534,3017],{"class":83},[47,66536,253],{"class":61},[47,66538,3475],{"class":65},[47,66540,253],{"class":61},[47,66542,590],{"class":83},[47,66544,62],{"class":61},[47,66546,32627],{"class":65},[47,66548,253],{"class":61},[47,66550,3030],{"class":83},[47,66552,66553],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,66554,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,66556,66557,66559,66561,66563,66565,66567,66569,66571,66573,66575],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,66558,7209],{"class":53},[47,66560,84],{"class":83},[47,66562,53356],{"class":87},[47,66564,101],{"class":83},[47,66566,2377],{"class":586},[47,66568,590],{"class":83},[47,66570,62],{"class":61},[47,66572,288],{"class":65},[47,66574,253],{"class":61},[47,66576,107],{"class":83},[47,66578,66579,66581,66583,66585],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,66580,98],{"class":97},[47,66582,101],{"class":83},[47,66584,7209],{"class":87},[47,66586,107],{"class":83},[47,66588,66589],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,66590,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,66592,66593,66595,66597,66599,66601,66603,66605,66607],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,66594,7209],{"class":53},[47,66596,84],{"class":83},[47,66598,12954],{"class":87},[47,66600,101],{"class":83},[47,66602,253],{"class":61},[47,66604,21935],{"class":65},[47,66606,253],{"class":61},[47,66608,107],{"class":83},[47,66610,66611,66613,66615,66617],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,66612,98],{"class":97},[47,66614,101],{"class":83},[47,66616,7209],{"class":87},[47,66618,107],{"class":83},[20,66620,338],{},[38,66622,66624],{"className":40,"code":66623,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,66625,66626,66654],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66627,66628,66630,66632,66634,66636,66638,66640,66642,66644,66646,66648,66650,66652],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66629,3296],{"class":83},[47,66631,2693],{"class":61},[47,66633,3475],{"class":65},[47,66635,2693],{"class":61},[47,66637,590],{"class":83},[47,66639,2688],{"class":61},[47,66641,288],{"class":65},[47,66643,2693],{"class":61},[47,66645,590],{"class":83},[47,66647,2688],{"class":61},[47,66649,32627],{"class":65},[47,66651,2693],{"class":61},[47,66653,3030],{"class":83},[47,66655,66656,66658,66660,66662,66664,66666,66668,66670,66672,66674,66676,66678,66680,66682,66684,66686,66688],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,66657,3296],{"class":83},[47,66659,2693],{"class":61},[47,66661,3475],{"class":65},[47,66663,2693],{"class":61},[47,66665,590],{"class":83},[47,66667,2688],{"class":61},[47,66669,288],{"class":65},[47,66671,2693],{"class":61},[47,66673,590],{"class":83},[47,66675,2688],{"class":61},[47,66677,32627],{"class":65},[47,66679,2693],{"class":61},[47,66681,590],{"class":83},[47,66683,2688],{"class":61},[47,66685,21935],{"class":65},[47,66687,2693],{"class":61},[47,66689,3030],{"class":83},[20,66691,66692,66693,84],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[154,66694,54925,66695,1289],{"href":56174},[15,66696,52057],{},[20,66698,66699,66700,84],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[154,66701,52454],{"href":52453},[33,66703,3915],{"id":3914},[20,66705,14135,66706,84],{},[15,66707,53673],{},[724,66709,11994,66711],{"id":66710},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,66712,53673],{},[20,66714,25094],{},[38,66716,66718],{"className":40,"code":66717,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,66719,66720,66740,66762,66766,66776],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66721,66722,66724,66726,66728,66730,66732,66734,66736,66738],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66723,3012],{"class":53},[47,66725,58],{"class":57},[47,66727,3017],{"class":83},[47,66729,2377],{"class":586},[47,66731,590],{"class":83},[47,66733,2382],{"class":586},[47,66735,590],{"class":83},[47,66737,1841],{"class":586},[47,66739,3030],{"class":83},[47,66741,66742,66744,66746,66748,66750,66752,66754,66756,66758,66760],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,66743,75],{"class":53},[47,66745,58],{"class":57},[47,66747,3659],{"class":53},[47,66749,84],{"class":83},[47,66751,53356],{"class":87},[47,66753,101],{"class":83},[47,66755,2377],{"class":586},[47,66757,590],{"class":83},[47,66759,9596],{"class":586},[47,66761,107],{"class":83},[47,66763,66764],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,66765,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,66767,66768,66770,66772,66774],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,66769,98],{"class":97},[47,66771,101],{"class":83},[47,66773,104],{"class":87},[47,66775,107],{"class":83},[47,66777,66778,66780,66782,66784],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,66779,98],{"class":97},[47,66781,101],{"class":83},[47,66783,3044],{"class":87},[47,66785,107],{"class":83},[20,66787,338],{},[38,66789,66791],{"className":40,"code":66790,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,66792,66793,66797],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66794,66795],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66796,11207],{"class":1271},[47,66798,66799,66801,66803,66805,66807,66809,66811,66813,66815],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,66800,3296],{"class":83},[47,66802,2377],{"class":586},[47,66804,590],{"class":83},[47,66806,9596],{"class":586},[47,66808,590],{"class":83},[47,66810,2382],{"class":586},[47,66812,590],{"class":83},[47,66814,1841],{"class":586},[47,66816,3030],{"class":83},[20,66818,66819,53558,66821,84],{},[15,66820,53673],{},[15,66822,3174],{},[20,66824,737],{},[38,66826,66828],{"className":40,"code":66827,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,66829,66830],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66831,66832,66834,66836,66838,66840,66842,66844,66846,66848,66850],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66833,55295],{"class":53},[47,66835,58],{"class":57},[47,66837,3659],{"class":53},[47,66839,84],{"class":83},[47,66841,53356],{"class":87},[47,66843,101],{"class":83},[47,66845,2377],{"class":586},[47,66847,590],{"class":83},[47,66849,9596],{"class":586},[47,66851,107],{"class":83},[20,66853,66854],{},"Right:",[38,66856,66858],{"className":40,"code":66857,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,66859,66860],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66861,66862,66864,66866,66868,66870,66872,66874,66876],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66863,3044],{"class":53},[47,66865,84],{"class":83},[47,66867,53356],{"class":87},[47,66869,101],{"class":83},[47,66871,2377],{"class":586},[47,66873,590],{"class":83},[47,66875,9596],{"class":586},[47,66877,107],{"class":83},[724,66879,66881],{"id":66880},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,66883,66884],{},"The correct order is:",[38,66886,66887],{"className":40,"code":65740,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,66888,66889],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66890,66891,66893,66895,66897,66899,66901,66903,66905],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66892,7737],{"class":53},[47,66894,84],{"class":83},[47,66896,53356],{"class":87},[47,66898,101],{"class":83},[47,66900,35250],{"class":87},[47,66902,590],{"class":83},[47,66904,28911],{"class":87},[47,66906,107],{"class":83},[20,66908,66909],{},"Not:",[38,66911,66913],{"className":40,"code":66912,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,66914,66915],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66916,66917,66919,66921,66923,66925,66927,66929,66931],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66918,7737],{"class":53},[47,66920,84],{"class":83},[47,66922,53356],{"class":87},[47,66924,101],{"class":83},[47,66926,22713],{"class":87},[47,66928,590],{"class":83},[47,66930,35225],{"class":87},[47,66932,107],{"class":83},[20,66934,538],{},[38,66936,66937],{"className":40,"code":65782,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,66938,66939,66963,66985],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66940,66941,66943,66945,66947,66949,66951,66953,66955,66957,66959,66961],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66942,35494],{"class":53},[47,66944,58],{"class":57},[47,66946,3017],{"class":83},[47,66948,253],{"class":61},[47,66950,154],{"class":65},[47,66952,253],{"class":61},[47,66954,590],{"class":83},[47,66956,62],{"class":61},[47,66958,9138],{"class":65},[47,66960,253],{"class":61},[47,66962,3030],{"class":83},[47,66964,66965,66967,66969,66971,66973,66975,66977,66979,66981,66983],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,66966,35547],{"class":53},[47,66968,84],{"class":83},[47,66970,53356],{"class":87},[47,66972,101],{"class":83},[47,66974,2377],{"class":586},[47,66976,590],{"class":83},[47,66978,62],{"class":61},[47,66980,4158],{"class":65},[47,66982,253],{"class":61},[47,66984,107],{"class":83},[47,66986,66987,66989,66991,66993],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,66988,98],{"class":97},[47,66990,101],{"class":83},[47,66992,35547],{"class":87},[47,66994,107],{"class":83},[20,66996,338],{},[38,66998,66999],{"className":40,"code":42278,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,67000,67001],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67002,67003,67005,67007,67009,67011,67013,67015,67017,67019,67021,67023,67025,67027],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67004,3296],{"class":83},[47,67006,2693],{"class":61},[47,67008,154],{"class":65},[47,67010,2693],{"class":61},[47,67012,590],{"class":83},[47,67014,2688],{"class":61},[47,67016,4158],{"class":65},[47,67018,2693],{"class":61},[47,67020,590],{"class":83},[47,67022,2688],{"class":61},[47,67024,9138],{"class":65},[47,67026,2693],{"class":61},[47,67028,3030],{"class":83},[724,67030,7852,67032,67034],{"id":67031},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67033,53673],{}," to replace an item",[20,67036,67037,67039],{},[15,67038,53673],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[38,67041,67043],{"className":40,"code":67042,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67044,67045,67065,67083],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67046,67047,67049,67051,67053,67055,67057,67059,67061,67063],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67048,3012],{"class":53},[47,67050,58],{"class":57},[47,67052,3017],{"class":83},[47,67054,2377],{"class":586},[47,67056,590],{"class":83},[47,67058,2382],{"class":586},[47,67060,590],{"class":83},[47,67062,1841],{"class":586},[47,67064,3030],{"class":83},[47,67066,67067,67069,67071,67073,67075,67077,67079,67081],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,67068,3044],{"class":53},[47,67070,84],{"class":83},[47,67072,53356],{"class":87},[47,67074,101],{"class":83},[47,67076,2377],{"class":586},[47,67078,590],{"class":83},[47,67080,9596],{"class":586},[47,67082,107],{"class":83},[47,67084,67085,67087,67089,67091],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,67086,98],{"class":97},[47,67088,101],{"class":83},[47,67090,3044],{"class":87},[47,67092,107],{"class":83},[20,67094,338],{},[38,67096,67098],{"className":40,"code":67097,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67099,67100],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67101,67102,67104,67106,67108,67110,67112,67114,67116,67118],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67103,3296],{"class":83},[47,67105,2377],{"class":586},[47,67107,590],{"class":83},[47,67109,9596],{"class":586},[47,67111,590],{"class":83},[47,67113,2382],{"class":586},[47,67115,590],{"class":83},[47,67117,1841],{"class":586},[47,67119,3030],{"class":83},[20,67121,67122],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[38,67124,67126],{"className":40,"code":67125,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67127,67128,67148,67162],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67129,67130,67132,67134,67136,67138,67140,67142,67144,67146],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67131,3012],{"class":53},[47,67133,58],{"class":57},[47,67135,3017],{"class":83},[47,67137,2377],{"class":586},[47,67139,590],{"class":83},[47,67141,2382],{"class":586},[47,67143,590],{"class":83},[47,67145,1841],{"class":586},[47,67147,3030],{"class":83},[47,67149,67150,67152,67154,67156,67158,67160],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,67151,3044],{"class":53},[47,67153,3296],{"class":83},[47,67155,2377],{"class":586},[47,67157,12674],{"class":83},[47,67159,12677],{"class":57},[47,67161,13532],{"class":586},[47,67163,67164,67166,67168,67170],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,67165,98],{"class":97},[47,67167,101],{"class":83},[47,67169,3044],{"class":87},[47,67171,107],{"class":83},[20,67173,338],{},[38,67175,67177],{"className":40,"code":67176,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67178,67179],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67180,67181,67183,67185,67187,67189,67191,67193],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67182,3296],{"class":83},[47,67184,2377],{"class":586},[47,67186,590],{"class":83},[47,67188,9596],{"class":586},[47,67190,590],{"class":83},[47,67192,1841],{"class":586},[47,67194,3030],{"class":83},[724,67196,67198],{"id":67197},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67200,67201,67203],{},[15,67202,53673],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67205,67206],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[38,67208,67210],{"className":40,"code":67209,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67211,67212,67228,67252],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67213,67214,67216,67218,67220,67222,67224,67226],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67215,3012],{"class":53},[47,67217,58],{"class":57},[47,67219,3017],{"class":83},[47,67221,2377],{"class":586},[47,67223,590],{"class":83},[47,67225,1847],{"class":586},[47,67227,3030],{"class":83},[47,67229,67230,67232,67234,67236,67238,67240,67242,67244,67246,67248,67250],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,67231,3044],{"class":53},[47,67233,84],{"class":83},[47,67235,53356],{"class":87},[47,67237,101],{"class":83},[47,67239,2377],{"class":586},[47,67241,590],{"class":83},[47,67243,3017],{"class":83},[47,67245,1449],{"class":586},[47,67247,590],{"class":83},[47,67249,1841],{"class":586},[47,67251,3284],{"class":83},[47,67253,67254,67256,67258,67260],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,67255,98],{"class":97},[47,67257,101],{"class":83},[47,67259,3044],{"class":87},[47,67261,107],{"class":83},[20,67263,338],{},[38,67265,67267],{"className":40,"code":67266,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67268,67269],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67270,67271,67273,67275,67277,67279,67281,67283,67285,67287,67289],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67272,3296],{"class":83},[47,67274,2377],{"class":586},[47,67276,590],{"class":83},[47,67278,3017],{"class":83},[47,67280,1449],{"class":586},[47,67282,590],{"class":83},[47,67284,1841],{"class":586},[47,67286,17464],{"class":83},[47,67288,1847],{"class":586},[47,67290,3030],{"class":83},[20,67292,67293,67294,84],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[154,67295,54925,67296,1289],{"href":52749},[15,67297,52851],{},[724,67299,67301],{"id":67300},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67303,8272,67304,67306],{},[15,67305,53673],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[38,67308,67310],{"className":40,"code":67309,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67311,67312,67322,67336,67354,67368],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67313,67314,67316,67318,67320],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67315,98],{"class":97},[47,67317,101],{"class":83},[47,67319,7737],{"class":87},[47,67321,107],{"class":83},[47,67323,67324,67326,67328,67330,67332,67334],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,67325,98],{"class":97},[47,67327,101],{"class":83},[47,67329,10562],{"class":97},[47,67331,101],{"class":83},[47,67333,7737],{"class":87},[47,67335,1419],{"class":83},[47,67337,67338,67340,67342,67344,67346,67348,67350,67352],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,67339,98],{"class":97},[47,67341,101],{"class":83},[47,67343,7737],{"class":87},[47,67345,84],{"class":83},[47,67347,53356],{"class":24153},[47,67349,84],{"class":83},[47,67351,33852],{"class":353},[47,67353,107],{"class":83},[47,67355,67356,67358,67360,67362,67364,67366],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,67357,31558],{"class":97},[47,67359,101],{"class":83},[47,67361,7492],{"class":919},[47,67363,84],{"class":83},[47,67365,53356],{"class":24153},[47,67367,107],{"class":83},[47,67369,67370,67372,67374,67376],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,67371,2613],{"class":919},[47,67373,101],{"class":83},[47,67375,7737],{"class":87},[47,67377,107],{"class":83},[20,67379,67380],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[133,67382,67383,67386,67389,67392],{},[136,67384,67385],{},"What is currently in the list",[136,67387,67388],{},"How long the list is",[136,67390,67391],{},"That you are working with a real list",[136,67393,67394],{},"How Python describes the method",[33,67396,603,67398],{"id":67397},"when-to-use-insert",[15,67399,53673],{},[20,67401,1486,67402,67404],{},[15,67403,53673],{}," when position matters.",[20,67406,35830],{},[133,67408,67409,67412,67415,67418],{},[136,67410,67411],{},"Ordered menus",[136,67413,67414],{},"Rankings or score lists",[136,67416,67417],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[136,67419,67420],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,67422,67423,67424,67426,67427,67429,67430,67432],{},"You usually do ",[121,67425,123],{}," need ",[15,67428,53673],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,67431,52057],{}," is simpler.",[20,67434,67435,67436,84],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[154,67437,56560],{"href":56559},[33,67439,1155],{"id":1154},[724,67441,1159,67443,54874],{"id":67442},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,67444,53316],{},[20,67446,67447,67448,84],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,67449,3174],{},[724,67451,67453],{"id":67452},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,67455,67456],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[724,67458,4568,67460,67462],{"id":67459},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,67461,53316],{}," add multiple items?",[20,67464,67465,67466,67468],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,67467,52851],{}," or slicing.",[724,67470,4578,67472,1063,67474,1883],{"id":67471},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,67473,53673],{},[15,67475,52057],{},[20,67477,67478,67480,67481,67483],{},[15,67479,53673],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,67482,52057],{}," adds only at the end.",[33,67485,1275],{"id":1274},[133,67487,67488,67494,67500,67504,67508,67512],{},[136,67489,67490],{},[154,67491,54925,67492,1289],{"href":56174},[15,67493,52057],{},[136,67495,67496],{},[154,67497,54925,67498,1289],{"href":52749},[15,67499,52851],{},[136,67501,67502],{},[154,67503,53683],{"href":52453},[136,67505,67506],{},[154,67507,52176],{"href":50383},[136,67509,67510],{},[154,67511,56634],{"href":56559},[136,67513,67514],{},[154,67515,29752,67516,33039],{"href":53701},[15,67517,67518],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1320,67520,67521],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":67523},[67524,67526,67527,67528,67534,67541,67550,67552,67561],{"id":65709,"depth":72,"text":67525},"What list.insert() does",{"id":4830,"depth":72,"text":4831},{"id":5187,"depth":72,"text":5188},{"id":66081,"depth":72,"text":66082,"children":67529},[67530,67531,67532,67533],{"id":66093,"depth":94,"text":66094},{"id":66184,"depth":94,"text":66185},{"id":66270,"depth":94,"text":66271},{"id":66356,"depth":94,"text":66357},{"id":66486,"depth":72,"text":67535,"children":67536},"insert() vs append()",[67537,67539],{"id":66496,"depth":94,"text":67538},"Use insert() when:",{"id":66509,"depth":94,"text":67540},"Use append() when:",{"id":3914,"depth":72,"text":3915,"children":67542},[67543,67545,67546,67548,67549],{"id":66710,"depth":94,"text":67544},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":66880,"depth":94,"text":66881},{"id":67031,"depth":94,"text":67547},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67197,"depth":94,"text":67198},{"id":67300,"depth":94,"text":67301},{"id":67397,"depth":72,"text":67551},"When to use insert()",{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":67553},[67554,67556,67557,67559],{"id":67442,"depth":94,"text":67555},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67452,"depth":94,"text":67453},{"id":67459,"depth":94,"text":67558},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67471,"depth":94,"text":67560},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":65619,"description":67562},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":67569,"title":67570,"body":67571,"description":69126,"extension":1354,"meta":69127,"navigation":311,"path":58379,"seo":69128,"stem":69129,"__hash__":69130},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":67572,"toc":69099},[67573,67579,67588,67637,67639,67647,67653,67655,67673,67679,67684,67687,67690,67705,67707,67759,67761,67769,67777,67784,67786,67792,67857,67859,67867,67869,67888,67891,67942,67946,67951,67978,67980,67988,67991,68060,68062,68077,68083,68087,68096,68099,68154,68156,68164,68167,68169,68214,68216,68224,68230,68232,68240,68243,68245,68284,68286,68325,68330,68332,68334,68369,68372,68374,68412,68416,68422,68424,68475,68477,68485,68492,68495,68516,68519,68574,68585,68587,68648,68650,68659,68666,68672,68675,68678,68735,68738,68751,68758,68764,68770,68772,68785,68788,68885,68887,68904,68907,68989,68991,69013,69020,69026,69028,69032,69038,69044,69049,69053,69056,69062,69069,69071,69096],[10,67574,67576,67577,3057],{"id":67575},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,67578,10562],{},[20,67580,67581,67582,67584,67585,67587],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,67583,41764],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,67586,41764],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[38,67589,67591],{"className":40,"code":67590,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,67592,67593,67613,67627],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67594,67595,67597,67599,67601,67603,67605,67607,67609,67611],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67596,3012],{"class":53},[47,67598,58],{"class":57},[47,67600,3017],{"class":83},[47,67602,1719],{"class":586},[47,67604,590],{"class":83},[47,67606,7189],{"class":586},[47,67608,590],{"class":83},[47,67610,7194],{"class":586},[47,67612,3030],{"class":83},[47,67614,67615,67617,67619,67621,67623,67625],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,67616,40645],{"class":53},[47,67618,58],{"class":57},[47,67620,37790],{"class":97},[47,67622,101],{"class":83},[47,67624,3044],{"class":87},[47,67626,107],{"class":83},[47,67628,67629,67631,67633,67635],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,67630,98],{"class":97},[47,67632,101],{"class":83},[47,67634,40663],{"class":87},[47,67636,107],{"class":83},[20,67638,338],{},[38,67640,67641],{"className":40,"code":46021,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,67642,67643],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67644,67645],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67646,46021],{"class":586},[20,67648,1486,67649,67652],{},[15,67650,67651],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[33,67654,14565],{"id":14564},[133,67656,67657,67662,67667,67670],{},[136,67658,3594,67659,67661],{},[15,67660,41764],{}," works with Python lists",[136,67663,67664,67665,11104],{},"What value ",[15,67666,41764],{},[136,67668,67669],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[136,67671,67672],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[33,67674,128,67676,67678],{"id":67675},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,67677,41764],{}," returns for a list",[20,67680,67681,64491],{},[15,67682,67683],{},"len(my_list)",[20,67685,67686],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,67688,67689],{},"A few important points:",[133,67691,67692,67695,67700],{},[136,67693,67694],{},"It counts list items",[136,67696,40309,67697,67699],{},[121,67698,123],{}," count characters inside a string item",[136,67701,67702,67703],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,67704,1514],{},[20,67706,538],{},[38,67708,67710],{"className":40,"code":67709,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,67711,67712,67745],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67713,67714,67716,67718,67720,67722,67724,67726,67728,67730,67733,67735,67737,67739,67741,67743],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67715,3466],{"class":53},[47,67717,58],{"class":57},[47,67719,3017],{"class":83},[47,67721,253],{"class":61},[47,67723,36452],{"class":65},[47,67725,253],{"class":61},[47,67727,590],{"class":83},[47,67729,62],{"class":61},[47,67731,67732],{"class":65},"elephant",[47,67734,253],{"class":61},[47,67736,590],{"class":83},[47,67738,62],{"class":61},[47,67740,57533],{"class":65},[47,67742,253],{"class":61},[47,67744,3030],{"class":83},[47,67746,67747,67749,67751,67753,67755,67757],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,67748,98],{"class":97},[47,67750,101],{"class":83},[47,67752,10562],{"class":97},[47,67754,101],{"class":83},[47,67756,3509],{"class":87},[47,67758,1419],{"class":83},[20,67760,338],{},[38,67762,67763],{"className":40,"code":46021,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,67764,67765],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67766,67767],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67768,46021],{"class":586},[20,67770,443,67771,67774,67775,64498],{},[15,67772,67773],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[121,67776,52061],{},[20,67778,67779,67780,84],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[154,67781,2968,67782,2901],{"href":41761},[15,67783,41764],{},[33,67785,5188],{"id":5187},[20,67787,67788,67789,67791],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,67790,41764],{},", and print the result.",[38,67793,67795],{"className":40,"code":67794,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,67796,67797,67829,67843,67847],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67798,67799,67801,67803,67805,67807,67809,67811,67813,67815,67817,67819,67821,67823,67825,67827],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67800,12476],{"class":53},[47,67802,58],{"class":57},[47,67804,3017],{"class":83},[47,67806,253],{"class":61},[47,67808,12493],{"class":65},[47,67810,253],{"class":61},[47,67812,590],{"class":83},[47,67814,62],{"class":61},[47,67816,16858],{"class":65},[47,67818,253],{"class":61},[47,67820,590],{"class":83},[47,67822,62],{"class":61},[47,67824,12510],{"class":65},[47,67826,253],{"class":61},[47,67828,3030],{"class":83},[47,67830,67831,67833,67835,67837,67839,67841],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,67832,40645],{"class":53},[47,67834,58],{"class":57},[47,67836,37790],{"class":97},[47,67838,101],{"class":83},[47,67840,16905],{"class":87},[47,67842,107],{"class":83},[47,67844,67845],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,67846,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,67848,67849,67851,67853,67855],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,67850,98],{"class":97},[47,67852,101],{"class":83},[47,67854,40663],{"class":87},[47,67856,107],{"class":83},[20,67858,338],{},[38,67860,67861],{"className":40,"code":46021,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,67862,67863],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67864,67865],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67866,46021],{"class":586},[20,67868,11082],{},[133,67870,67871,67876,67883],{},[136,67872,67873,67875],{},[15,67874,16905],{}," is a list with 3 items",[136,67877,67878,1786,67881],{},[15,67879,67880],{},"len(colors)",[15,67882,1455],{},[136,67884,67885,67886],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,67887,40663],{},[20,67889,67890],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[38,67892,67894],{"className":40,"code":67893,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,67895,67896,67928],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67897,67898,67900,67902,67904,67906,67908,67910,67912,67914,67916,67918,67920,67922,67924,67926],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67899,12476],{"class":53},[47,67901,58],{"class":57},[47,67903,3017],{"class":83},[47,67905,253],{"class":61},[47,67907,12493],{"class":65},[47,67909,253],{"class":61},[47,67911,590],{"class":83},[47,67913,62],{"class":61},[47,67915,16858],{"class":65},[47,67917,253],{"class":61},[47,67919,590],{"class":83},[47,67921,62],{"class":61},[47,67923,12510],{"class":65},[47,67925,253],{"class":61},[47,67927,3030],{"class":83},[47,67929,67930,67932,67934,67936,67938,67940],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,67931,98],{"class":97},[47,67933,101],{"class":83},[47,67935,10562],{"class":97},[47,67937,101],{"class":83},[47,67939,16905],{"class":87},[47,67941,1419],{"class":83},[33,67943,67945],{"id":67944},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,67947,67948,67949,84],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,67950,1514],{},[38,67952,67954],{"className":40,"code":67953,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,67955,67956,67964],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67957,67958,67960,67962],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67959,7178],{"class":53},[47,67961,58],{"class":57},[47,67963,7238],{"class":83},[47,67965,67966,67968,67970,67972,67974,67976],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,67967,98],{"class":97},[47,67969,101],{"class":83},[47,67971,10562],{"class":97},[47,67973,101],{"class":83},[47,67975,7209],{"class":87},[47,67977,1419],{"class":83},[20,67979,338],{},[38,67981,67982],{"className":40,"code":46656,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,67983,67984],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67985,67986],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67987,46656],{"class":586},[20,67989,67990],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[38,67992,67994],{"className":40,"code":67993,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,67995,67996,68004,68008,68026,68040,68046],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67997,67998,68000,68002],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67999,7178],{"class":53},[47,68001,58],{"class":57},[47,68003,7238],{"class":83},[47,68005,68006],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,68007,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,68009,68010,68012,68014,68016,68018,68020,68022,68024],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,68011,656],{"class":655},[47,68013,37790],{"class":97},[47,68015,101],{"class":83},[47,68017,7209],{"class":87},[47,68019,3057],{"class":83},[47,68021,37799],{"class":57},[47,68023,3230],{"class":586},[47,68025,679],{"class":83},[47,68027,68028,68030,68032,68034,68036,68038],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,68029,684],{"class":97},[47,68031,101],{"class":83},[47,68033,7209],{"class":87},[47,68035,3296],{"class":83},[47,68037,1514],{"class":586},[47,68039,3284],{"class":83},[47,68041,68042,68044],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,68043,26838],{"class":655},[47,68045,679],{"class":83},[47,68047,68048,68050,68052,68054,68056,68058],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,68049,684],{"class":97},[47,68051,101],{"class":83},[47,68053,253],{"class":61},[47,68055,51220],{"class":65},[47,68057,253],{"class":61},[47,68059,107],{"class":83},[20,68061,338],{},[38,68063,68065],{"className":40,"code":68064,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"The list is empty\n",[15,68066,68067],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68068,68069,68071,68073,68075],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68070,1371],{"class":53},[47,68072,7492],{"class":919},[47,68074,7495],{"class":57},[47,68076,7501],{"class":53},[20,68078,68079,68080,68082],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[154,68081,52176],{"href":50383}," is a good next step.",[33,68084,68086],{"id":68085},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68088,68089,68091,68092,68095],{},[15,68090,41764],{}," counts only the ",[121,68093,68094],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68097,68098],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[38,68100,68102],{"className":40,"code":68101,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68103,68104,68140],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68105,68106,68108,68110,68112,68114,68116,68118,68120,68122,68124,68126,68128,68130,68132,68134,68136,68138],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68107,8563],{"class":53},[47,68109,58],{"class":57},[47,68111,55699],{"class":83},[47,68113,2377],{"class":586},[47,68115,590],{"class":83},[47,68117,2382],{"class":586},[47,68119,17464],{"class":83},[47,68121,3017],{"class":83},[47,68123,1455],{"class":586},[47,68125,590],{"class":83},[47,68127,1847],{"class":586},[47,68129,17464],{"class":83},[47,68131,3017],{"class":83},[47,68133,1531],{"class":586},[47,68135,590],{"class":83},[47,68137,37048],{"class":586},[47,68139,52647],{"class":83},[47,68141,68142,68144,68146,68148,68150,68152],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,68143,98],{"class":97},[47,68145,101],{"class":83},[47,68147,10562],{"class":97},[47,68149,101],{"class":83},[47,68151,8602],{"class":87},[47,68153,1419],{"class":83},[20,68155,338],{},[38,68157,68158],{"className":40,"code":46021,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,68159,68160],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68161,68162],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68163,46021],{"class":586},[20,68165,68166],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68168,51484],{},[38,68170,68172],{"className":40,"code":68171,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68173,68174,68200],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68175,68176,68178,68180,68182,68184,68186,68188,68190,68192,68194,68196,68198],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68177,58879],{"class":53},[47,68179,58],{"class":57},[47,68181,3017],{"class":83},[47,68183,2377],{"class":586},[47,68185,590],{"class":83},[47,68187,3017],{"class":83},[47,68189,1449],{"class":586},[47,68191,590],{"class":83},[47,68193,1841],{"class":586},[47,68195,17464],{"class":83},[47,68197,1847],{"class":586},[47,68199,3030],{"class":83},[47,68201,68202,68204,68206,68208,68210,68212],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,68203,98],{"class":97},[47,68205,101],{"class":83},[47,68207,10562],{"class":97},[47,68209,101],{"class":83},[47,68211,58932],{"class":87},[47,68213,1419],{"class":83},[20,68215,338],{},[38,68217,68218],{"className":40,"code":46021,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,68219,68220],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68221,68222],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68223,46021],{"class":586},[20,68225,443,68226,68229],{},[15,68227,68228],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[33,68231,3915],{"id":3914},[724,68233,7816,68235,10492,68238],{"id":68234},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68236,68237],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68239,67683],{},[20,68241,68242],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68244,737],{},[38,68246,68248],{"className":40,"code":68247,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68249,68250,68270],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68251,68252,68254,68256,68258,68260,68262,68264,68266,68268],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68253,3012],{"class":53},[47,68255,58],{"class":57},[47,68257,3017],{"class":83},[47,68259,1719],{"class":586},[47,68261,590],{"class":83},[47,68263,7189],{"class":586},[47,68265,590],{"class":83},[47,68267,7194],{"class":586},[47,68269,3030],{"class":83},[47,68271,68272,68274,68276,68278,68280,68282],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,68273,98],{"class":97},[47,68275,101],{"class":83},[47,68277,3044],{"class":87},[47,68279,84],{"class":83},[47,68281,10562],{"class":87},[47,68283,236],{"class":83},[20,68285,788],{},[38,68287,68289],{"className":40,"code":68288,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68290,68291,68311],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68292,68293,68295,68297,68299,68301,68303,68305,68307,68309],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68294,3012],{"class":53},[47,68296,58],{"class":57},[47,68298,3017],{"class":83},[47,68300,1719],{"class":586},[47,68302,590],{"class":83},[47,68304,7189],{"class":586},[47,68306,590],{"class":83},[47,68308,7194],{"class":586},[47,68310,3030],{"class":83},[47,68312,68313,68315,68317,68319,68321,68323],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,68314,98],{"class":97},[47,68316,101],{"class":83},[47,68318,10562],{"class":97},[47,68320,101],{"class":83},[47,68322,3044],{"class":87},[47,68324,1419],{"class":83},[20,68326,68327,68329],{},[15,68328,41764],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[724,68331,25091],{"id":25090},[20,68333,737],{},[38,68335,68337],{"className":40,"code":68336,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,68338,68339,68359],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68340,68341,68343,68345,68347,68349,68351,68353,68355,68357],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68342,3012],{"class":53},[47,68344,58],{"class":57},[47,68346,3017],{"class":83},[47,68348,1719],{"class":586},[47,68350,590],{"class":83},[47,68352,7189],{"class":586},[47,68354,590],{"class":83},[47,68356,7194],{"class":586},[47,68358,3030],{"class":83},[47,68360,68361,68363,68365,68367],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,68362,98],{"class":97},[47,68364,101],{"class":83},[47,68366,10562],{"class":97},[47,68368,107],{"class":83},[20,68370,68371],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,68373,788],{},[38,68375,68376],{"className":40,"code":68288,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,68377,68378,68398],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68379,68380,68382,68384,68386,68388,68390,68392,68394,68396],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68381,3012],{"class":53},[47,68383,58],{"class":57},[47,68385,3017],{"class":83},[47,68387,1719],{"class":586},[47,68389,590],{"class":83},[47,68391,7189],{"class":586},[47,68393,590],{"class":83},[47,68395,7194],{"class":586},[47,68397,3030],{"class":83},[47,68399,68400,68402,68404,68406,68408,68410],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,68401,98],{"class":97},[47,68403,101],{"class":83},[47,68405,10562],{"class":97},[47,68407,101],{"class":83},[47,68409,3044],{"class":87},[47,68411,1419],{"class":83},[724,68413,68415],{"id":68414},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,68417,68418,68419,68421],{},"The length of a list is ",[121,68420,123],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,68423,538],{},[38,68425,68427],{"className":40,"code":68426,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,68428,68429,68461],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68430,68431,68433,68435,68437,68439,68441,68443,68445,68447,68449,68451,68453,68455,68457,68459],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68432,35494],{"class":53},[47,68434,58],{"class":57},[47,68436,3017],{"class":83},[47,68438,253],{"class":61},[47,68440,154],{"class":65},[47,68442,253],{"class":61},[47,68444,590],{"class":83},[47,68446,62],{"class":61},[47,68448,4158],{"class":65},[47,68450,253],{"class":61},[47,68452,590],{"class":83},[47,68454,62],{"class":61},[47,68456,9138],{"class":65},[47,68458,253],{"class":61},[47,68460,3030],{"class":83},[47,68462,68463,68465,68467,68469,68471,68473],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,68464,98],{"class":97},[47,68466,101],{"class":83},[47,68468,10562],{"class":97},[47,68470,101],{"class":83},[47,68472,35547],{"class":87},[47,68474,1419],{"class":83},[20,68476,338],{},[38,68478,68479],{"className":40,"code":46021,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,68480,68481],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68482,68483],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68484,46021],{"class":586},[20,68486,68487,68488,18365,68490,84],{},"But the last index is ",[15,68489,1449],{},[15,68491,1455],{},[20,68493,68494],{},"Indexes are:",[133,68496,68497,68504,68510],{},[136,68498,68499,68501,68502],{},[15,68500,1514],{}," for ",[15,68503,17498],{},[136,68505,68506,68501,68508],{},[15,68507,2377],{},[15,68509,65001],{},[136,68511,68512,68501,68514],{},[15,68513,1449],{},[15,68515,65887],{},[20,68517,68518],{},"So this causes an error:",[38,68520,68522],{"className":40,"code":68521,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,68523,68524,68556],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68525,68526,68528,68530,68532,68534,68536,68538,68540,68542,68544,68546,68548,68550,68552,68554],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68527,35494],{"class":53},[47,68529,58],{"class":57},[47,68531,3017],{"class":83},[47,68533,253],{"class":61},[47,68535,154],{"class":65},[47,68537,253],{"class":61},[47,68539,590],{"class":83},[47,68541,62],{"class":61},[47,68543,4158],{"class":65},[47,68545,253],{"class":61},[47,68547,590],{"class":83},[47,68549,62],{"class":61},[47,68551,9138],{"class":65},[47,68553,253],{"class":61},[47,68555,3030],{"class":83},[47,68557,68558,68560,68562,68564,68566,68568,68570,68572],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,68559,98],{"class":97},[47,68561,101],{"class":83},[47,68563,35547],{"class":87},[47,68565,3296],{"class":83},[47,68567,10562],{"class":97},[47,68569,101],{"class":83},[47,68571,35547],{"class":87},[47,68573,10079],{"class":83},[20,68575,7895,68576,4181,68579,68581,68582,68584],{},[15,68577,68578],{},"len(letters)",[15,68580,1455],{},", and index ",[15,68583,1455],{}," does not exist.",[20,68586,18243],{},[38,68588,68590],{"className":40,"code":68589,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,68591,68592,68624],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68593,68594,68596,68598,68600,68602,68604,68606,68608,68610,68612,68614,68616,68618,68620,68622],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68595,35494],{"class":53},[47,68597,58],{"class":57},[47,68599,3017],{"class":83},[47,68601,253],{"class":61},[47,68603,154],{"class":65},[47,68605,253],{"class":61},[47,68607,590],{"class":83},[47,68609,62],{"class":61},[47,68611,4158],{"class":65},[47,68613,253],{"class":61},[47,68615,590],{"class":83},[47,68617,62],{"class":61},[47,68619,9138],{"class":65},[47,68621,253],{"class":61},[47,68623,3030],{"class":83},[47,68625,68626,68628,68630,68632,68634,68636,68638,68640,68642,68644,68646],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,68627,98],{"class":97},[47,68629,101],{"class":83},[47,68631,35547],{"class":87},[47,68633,3296],{"class":83},[47,68635,10562],{"class":97},[47,68637,101],{"class":83},[47,68639,35547],{"class":87},[47,68641,3057],{"class":83},[47,68643,1612],{"class":57},[47,68645,4898],{"class":586},[47,68647,3284],{"class":83},[20,68649,338],{},[38,68651,68653],{"className":40,"code":68652,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"c\n",[15,68654,68655],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68656,68657],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68658,68652],{"class":53},[20,68660,68661,68662,84],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[154,68663,68665],{"href":68664},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[724,68667,7816,68669,68671],{"id":68668},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,68670,41764],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,68673,68674],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,68676,68677],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[38,68679,68681],{"className":40,"code":68680,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,68682,68683,68693,68707,68721],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68684,68685,68687,68689,68691],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68686,98],{"class":97},[47,68688,101],{"class":83},[47,68690,7737],{"class":87},[47,68692,107],{"class":83},[47,68694,68695,68697,68699,68701,68703,68705],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,68696,98],{"class":97},[47,68698,101],{"class":83},[47,68700,10562],{"class":97},[47,68702,101],{"class":83},[47,68704,7737],{"class":87},[47,68706,1419],{"class":83},[47,68708,68709,68711,68713,68715,68717,68719],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,68710,98],{"class":97},[47,68712,101],{"class":83},[47,68714,2613],{"class":919},[47,68716,101],{"class":83},[47,68718,7737],{"class":87},[47,68720,1419],{"class":83},[47,68722,68723,68725,68727,68729,68731,68733],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,68724,98],{"class":97},[47,68726,101],{"class":83},[47,68728,7737],{"class":87},[47,68730,3296],{"class":83},[47,68732,1514],{"class":586},[47,68734,3284],{"class":83},[20,68736,68737],{},"These help you verify:",[133,68739,68740,68743,68745,68748],{},[136,68741,68742],{},"what the variable contains",[136,68744,60190],{},[136,68746,68747],{},"whether it is really a list",[136,68749,68750],{},"what the first item is",[20,68752,68753,68754,68757],{},"Be careful with ",[15,68755,68756],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[33,68759,603,68761,68763],{"id":68760},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,68762,41764],{}," with lists",[20,68765,68766,68767,68769],{},"You will often use ",[15,68768,41764],{}," in real programs.",[20,68771,8772],{},[133,68773,68774,68776,68779,68782],{},[136,68775,51174],{},[136,68777,68778],{},"Control loops",[136,68780,68781],{},"Validate input or results",[136,68783,68784],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,68786,68787],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[38,68789,68791],{"className":40,"code":68790,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,68792,68793,68813,68829,68833,68847,68861],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68794,68795,68797,68799,68801,68803,68805,68807,68809,68811],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68796,1208],{"class":53},[47,68798,58],{"class":57},[47,68800,3017],{"class":83},[47,68802,2377],{"class":586},[47,68804,590],{"class":83},[47,68806,2382],{"class":586},[47,68808,590],{"class":83},[47,68810,1841],{"class":586},[47,68812,3030],{"class":83},[47,68814,68815,68817,68819,68821,68823,68825,68827],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,68816,1221],{"class":53},[47,68818,58],{"class":57},[47,68820,3017],{"class":83},[47,68822,1719],{"class":586},[47,68824,590],{"class":83},[47,68826,7189],{"class":586},[47,68828,3030],{"class":83},[47,68830,68831],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,68832,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,68834,68835,68837,68839,68841,68843,68845],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,68836,98],{"class":97},[47,68838,101],{"class":83},[47,68840,10562],{"class":97},[47,68842,101],{"class":83},[47,68844,154],{"class":87},[47,68846,1419],{"class":83},[47,68848,68849,68851,68853,68855,68857,68859],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,68850,98],{"class":97},[47,68852,101],{"class":83},[47,68854,10562],{"class":97},[47,68856,101],{"class":83},[47,68858,4158],{"class":87},[47,68860,1419],{"class":83},[47,68862,68863,68865,68867,68869,68871,68873,68875,68877,68879,68881,68883],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,68864,98],{"class":97},[47,68866,101],{"class":83},[47,68868,10562],{"class":97},[47,68870,101],{"class":83},[47,68872,154],{"class":87},[47,68874,3057],{"class":83},[47,68876,37799],{"class":57},[47,68878,37790],{"class":97},[47,68880,101],{"class":83},[47,68882,4158],{"class":87},[47,68884,1419],{"class":83},[20,68886,338],{},[38,68888,68890],{"className":40,"code":68889,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,68891,68892,68896,68900],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68893,68894],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68895,46021],{"class":586},[47,68897,68898],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,68899,16458],{"class":586},[47,68901,68902],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,68903,1264],{"class":1271},[20,68905,68906],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[38,68908,68910],{"className":40,"code":68909,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,68911,68912,68944,68948,68970],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68913,68914,68916,68918,68920,68922,68924,68926,68928,68930,68932,68934,68936,68938,68940,68942],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68915,4392],{"class":53},[47,68917,58],{"class":57},[47,68919,3017],{"class":83},[47,68921,253],{"class":61},[47,68923,12280],{"class":65},[47,68925,253],{"class":61},[47,68927,590],{"class":83},[47,68929,62],{"class":61},[47,68931,35345],{"class":65},[47,68933,253],{"class":61},[47,68935,590],{"class":83},[47,68937,62],{"class":61},[47,68939,35354],{"class":65},[47,68941,253],{"class":61},[47,68943,3030],{"class":83},[47,68945,68946],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,68947,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,68949,68950,68952,68955,68957,68959,68961,68963,68965,68967],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,68951,5359],{"class":655},[47,68953,68954],{"class":53}," i ",[47,68956,3278],{"class":655},[47,68958,53475],{"class":97},[47,68960,101],{"class":83},[47,68962,10562],{"class":97},[47,68964,101],{"class":83},[47,68966,4436],{"class":87},[47,68968,68969],{"class":83},")):\n",[47,68971,68972,68974,68976,68978,68980,68983,68985,68987],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,68973,684],{"class":97},[47,68975,101],{"class":83},[47,68977,35558],{"class":87},[47,68979,590],{"class":83},[47,68981,68982],{"class":87}," names",[47,68984,3296],{"class":83},[47,68986,35558],{"class":87},[47,68988,3284],{"class":83},[20,68990,338],{},[38,68992,68993],{"className":40,"code":35402,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,68994,68995,69001,69007],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68996,68997,68999],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68998,1514],{"class":586},[47,69000,35411],{"class":53},[47,69002,69003,69005],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,69004,2377],{"class":586},[47,69006,35418],{"class":53},[47,69008,69009,69011],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,69010,1449],{"class":586},[47,69012,35425],{"class":53},[20,69014,69015,69016,84],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[154,69017,69019],{"href":69018},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69021,69022,69023,69025],{},"You can also read ",[154,69024,50951],{"href":50950}," for a task-focused guide.",[33,69027,1155],{"id":1154},[724,69029,69031],{"id":69030},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69033,1486,69034,69037],{},[15,69035,69036],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[724,69039,4540,69041,12115],{"id":69040},"what-does-len-return",[15,69042,69043],{},"len([])",[20,69045,4546,69046,69048],{},[15,69047,1514],{}," because the list is empty.",[724,69050,69052],{"id":69051},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69054,69055],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[724,69057,1190,69059,69061],{"id":69058},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69060,68237],{}," in Python?",[20,69063,29675,69064,7620,69066,69068],{},[15,69065,67683],{},[15,69067,41764],{}," is a built-in function.",[33,69070,1275],{"id":1274},[133,69072,69073,69079,69083,69087,69091],{},[136,69074,69075],{},[154,69076,2968,69077,2901],{"href":41761},[15,69078,41764],{},[136,69080,69081],{},[154,69082,51995],{"href":50950},[136,69084,69085],{},[154,69086,52176],{"href":50383},[136,69088,69089],{},[154,69090,68665],{"href":68664},[136,69092,69093],{},[154,69094,69095],{"href":69018},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1320,69097,69098],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":69100},[69101,69102,69104,69105,69106,69107,69115,69117,69125],{"id":14564,"depth":72,"text":14565},{"id":67675,"depth":72,"text":69103},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5187,"depth":72,"text":5188},{"id":67944,"depth":72,"text":67945},{"id":68085,"depth":72,"text":68086},{"id":3914,"depth":72,"text":3915,"children":69108},[69109,69111,69112,69113],{"id":68234,"depth":94,"text":69110},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25090,"depth":94,"text":25091},{"id":68414,"depth":94,"text":68415},{"id":68668,"depth":94,"text":69114},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":68760,"depth":72,"text":69116},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":69118},[69119,69120,69122,69123],{"id":69030,"depth":94,"text":69031},{"id":69040,"depth":94,"text":69121},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69051,"depth":94,"text":69052},{"id":69058,"depth":94,"text":69124},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":67570,"description":69126},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69132,"title":69133,"body":69134,"description":71115,"extension":1354,"meta":71116,"navigation":311,"path":71117,"seo":71118,"stem":71119,"__hash__":71120},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69135,"toc":71088},[69136,69139,69144,69147,69155,69168,69170,69235,69237,69259,69264,69268,69273,69281,69283,69293,69295,69376,69378,69408,69410,69429,69434,69451,69453,69537,69539,69569,69574,69578,69584,69668,69670,69700,69703,69707,69710,69801,69803,69840,69843,69928,69930,69960,69966,69973,69977,69982,69991,69993,70078,70080,70109,70112,70120,70124,70128,70137,70160,70162,70184,70186,70200,70202,70262,70266,70271,70310,70312,70329,70331,70341,70440,70445,70449,70454,70497,70499,70527,70529,70543,70618,70620,70642,70646,70649,70654,70665,70670,70678,70681,70752,70754,70779,70836,70838,70859,70868,70876,70881,70883,70888,70909,70912,70987,70990,71004,71011,71013,71017,71023,71027,71037,71041,71048,71052,71058,71060,71085],[10,69137,69133],{"id":69138},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69140,69141,69143],{},[15,69142,54487],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69145,69146],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[133,69148,69149,69152],{},[136,69150,69151],{},"delete an item from a list",[136,69153,69154],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69156,69157,69158,69160,69161,8101,69163,69167],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69159,12162],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69162,12162],{},[154,69164,69165],{"href":54477},[15,69166,54934],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[33,69169,36],{"id":35},[38,69171,69173],{"className":40,"code":69172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69174,69175,69195,69210,69214,69225],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69176,69177,69179,69181,69183,69185,69187,69189,69191,69193],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69178,3012],{"class":53},[47,69180,58],{"class":57},[47,69182,3017],{"class":83},[47,69184,1719],{"class":586},[47,69186,590],{"class":83},[47,69188,7189],{"class":586},[47,69190,590],{"class":83},[47,69192,7194],{"class":586},[47,69194,3030],{"class":83},[47,69196,69197,69200,69202,69204,69206,69208],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,69198,69199],{"class":53},"last_item ",[47,69201,58],{"class":57},[47,69203,3659],{"class":53},[47,69205,84],{"class":83},[47,69207,25645],{"class":87},[47,69209,91],{"class":83},[47,69211,69212],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,69213,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,69215,69216,69218,69220,69223],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,69217,98],{"class":97},[47,69219,101],{"class":83},[47,69221,69222],{"class":87},"last_item",[47,69224,107],{"class":83},[47,69226,69227,69229,69231,69233],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,69228,98],{"class":97},[47,69230,101],{"class":83},[47,69232,3044],{"class":87},[47,69234,107],{"class":83},[20,69236,338],{},[38,69238,69240],{"className":40,"code":69239,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69241,69242,69247],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69243,69244],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69245,69246],{"class":586},"30\n",[47,69248,69249,69251,69253,69255,69257],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,69250,3296],{"class":83},[47,69252,1719],{"class":586},[47,69254,590],{"class":83},[47,69256,7189],{"class":586},[47,69258,3030],{"class":83},[20,69260,1486,69261,69263],{},[15,69262,12162],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[33,69265,69267],{"id":69266},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69269,69270,69272],{},[15,69271,12162],{}," has two main jobs:",[133,69274,69275,69278],{},[136,69276,69277],{},"It removes one item from a list",[136,69279,69280],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69282,43053],{},[133,69284,69285,69288,69291],{},[136,69286,69287],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[136,69289,69290],{},"It changes the original list",[136,69292,52150],{},[20,69294,538],{},[38,69296,69298],{"className":40,"code":69297,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69299,69300,69332,69336,69351,69355,69366],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69301,69302,69304,69306,69308,69310,69312,69314,69316,69318,69320,69322,69324,69326,69328,69330],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69303,12476],{"class":53},[47,69305,58],{"class":57},[47,69307,3017],{"class":83},[47,69309,253],{"class":61},[47,69311,12493],{"class":65},[47,69313,253],{"class":61},[47,69315,590],{"class":83},[47,69317,62],{"class":61},[47,69319,16858],{"class":65},[47,69321,253],{"class":61},[47,69323,590],{"class":83},[47,69325,62],{"class":61},[47,69327,12510],{"class":65},[47,69329,253],{"class":61},[47,69331,3030],{"class":83},[47,69333,69334],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,69335,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,69337,69338,69341,69343,69345,69347,69349],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,69339,69340],{"class":53},"removed ",[47,69342,58],{"class":57},[47,69344,12524],{"class":53},[47,69346,84],{"class":83},[47,69348,25645],{"class":87},[47,69350,91],{"class":83},[47,69352,69353],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,69354,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,69356,69357,69359,69361,69364],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,69358,98],{"class":97},[47,69360,101],{"class":83},[47,69362,69363],{"class":87},"removed",[47,69365,107],{"class":83},[47,69367,69368,69370,69372,69374],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,69369,98],{"class":97},[47,69371,101],{"class":83},[47,69373,16905],{"class":87},[47,69375,107],{"class":83},[20,69377,338],{},[38,69379,69381],{"className":40,"code":69380,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,69382,69383,69388],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69384,69385],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69386,69387],{"class":53},"blue\n",[47,69389,69390,69392,69394,69396,69398,69400,69402,69404,69406],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,69391,3296],{"class":83},[47,69393,2693],{"class":61},[47,69395,12493],{"class":65},[47,69397,2693],{"class":61},[47,69399,590],{"class":83},[47,69401,2688],{"class":61},[47,69403,16858],{"class":65},[47,69405,2693],{"class":61},[47,69407,3030],{"class":83},[33,69409,166],{"id":165},[38,69411,69413],{"className":40,"code":69412,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,69414,69415],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69416,69417,69419,69421,69423,69425,69427],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69418,7492],{"class":919},[47,69420,84],{"class":83},[47,69422,25645],{"class":87},[47,69424,2374],{"class":83},[47,69426,35250],{"class":87},[47,69428,3284],{"class":83},[20,69430,1371,69431,69433],{},[15,69432,35250],{}," is optional.",[133,69435,69436,69442,69448],{},[136,69437,69438,69439,69441],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,69440,12162],{}," removes the last item",[136,69443,69444,69445,69447],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,69446,12162],{}," removes the item at that position",[136,69449,69450],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,69452,538],{},[38,69454,69456],{"className":40,"code":69455,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,69457,69458,69490,69494,69513,69517,69527],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69459,69460,69462,69464,69466,69468,69470,69472,69474,69476,69478,69480,69482,69484,69486,69488],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69461,35494],{"class":53},[47,69463,58],{"class":57},[47,69465,3017],{"class":83},[47,69467,253],{"class":61},[47,69469,154],{"class":65},[47,69471,253],{"class":61},[47,69473,590],{"class":83},[47,69475,62],{"class":61},[47,69477,4158],{"class":65},[47,69479,253],{"class":61},[47,69481,590],{"class":83},[47,69483,62],{"class":61},[47,69485,9138],{"class":65},[47,69487,253],{"class":61},[47,69489,3030],{"class":83},[47,69491,69492],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,69493,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,69495,69496,69498,69500,69503,69505,69507,69509,69511],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,69497,27942],{"class":53},[47,69499,58],{"class":57},[47,69501,69502],{"class":53}," letters",[47,69504,84],{"class":83},[47,69506,25645],{"class":87},[47,69508,101],{"class":83},[47,69510,2377],{"class":586},[47,69512,107],{"class":83},[47,69514,69515],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,69516,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,69518,69519,69521,69523,69525],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,69520,98],{"class":97},[47,69522,101],{"class":83},[47,69524,22713],{"class":87},[47,69526,107],{"class":83},[47,69528,69529,69531,69533,69535],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,69530,98],{"class":97},[47,69532,101],{"class":83},[47,69534,35547],{"class":87},[47,69536,107],{"class":83},[20,69538,338],{},[38,69540,69542],{"className":40,"code":69541,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,69543,69544,69549],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69545,69546],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69547,69548],{"class":53},"b\n",[47,69550,69551,69553,69555,69557,69559,69561,69563,69565,69567],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,69552,3296],{"class":83},[47,69554,2693],{"class":61},[47,69556,154],{"class":65},[47,69558,2693],{"class":61},[47,69560,590],{"class":83},[47,69562,2688],{"class":61},[47,69564,9138],{"class":65},[47,69566,2693],{"class":61},[47,69568,3030],{"class":83},[20,69570,69571,69572,84],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[154,69573,52176],{"href":50383},[33,69575,69577],{"id":69576},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,69579,69580,69581,69583],{},"When you call ",[15,69582,12162],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[38,69585,69587],{"className":40,"code":69586,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,69588,69589,69624,69628,69643,69647,69658],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69590,69591,69593,69595,69597,69599,69602,69604,69606,69608,69611,69613,69615,69617,69620,69622],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69592,29302],{"class":53},[47,69594,58],{"class":57},[47,69596,3017],{"class":83},[47,69598,253],{"class":61},[47,69600,69601],{"class":65},"write",[47,69603,253],{"class":61},[47,69605,590],{"class":83},[47,69607,62],{"class":61},[47,69609,69610],{"class":65},"test",[47,69612,253],{"class":61},[47,69614,590],{"class":83},[47,69616,62],{"class":61},[47,69618,69619],{"class":65},"submit",[47,69621,253],{"class":61},[47,69623,3030],{"class":83},[47,69625,69626],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,69627,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,69629,69630,69633,69635,69637,69639,69641],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,69631,69632],{"class":53},"last_task ",[47,69634,58],{"class":57},[47,69636,29380],{"class":53},[47,69638,84],{"class":83},[47,69640,25645],{"class":87},[47,69642,91],{"class":83},[47,69644,69645],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,69646,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,69648,69649,69651,69653,69656],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,69650,98],{"class":97},[47,69652,101],{"class":83},[47,69654,69655],{"class":87},"last_task",[47,69657,107],{"class":83},[47,69659,69660,69662,69664,69666],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,69661,98],{"class":97},[47,69663,101],{"class":83},[47,69665,35910],{"class":87},[47,69667,107],{"class":83},[20,69669,338],{},[38,69671,69673],{"className":40,"code":69672,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,69674,69675,69680],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69676,69677],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69678,69679],{"class":53},"submit\n",[47,69681,69682,69684,69686,69688,69690,69692,69694,69696,69698],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,69683,3296],{"class":83},[47,69685,2693],{"class":61},[47,69687,69601],{"class":65},[47,69689,2693],{"class":61},[47,69691,590],{"class":83},[47,69693,2688],{"class":61},[47,69695,69610],{"class":65},[47,69697,2693],{"class":61},[47,69699,3030],{"class":83},[20,69701,69702],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[33,69704,69706],{"id":69705},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,69708,69709],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[38,69711,69713],{"className":40,"code":69712,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,69714,69715,69755,69759,69777,69781,69791],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69716,69717,69719,69721,69723,69725,69727,69729,69731,69733,69735,69737,69739,69741,69743,69745,69747,69749,69751,69753],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69718,35643],{"class":53},[47,69720,58],{"class":57},[47,69722,3017],{"class":83},[47,69724,253],{"class":61},[47,69726,3475],{"class":65},[47,69728,253],{"class":61},[47,69730,590],{"class":83},[47,69732,62],{"class":61},[47,69734,288],{"class":65},[47,69736,253],{"class":61},[47,69738,590],{"class":83},[47,69740,62],{"class":61},[47,69742,3492],{"class":65},[47,69744,253],{"class":61},[47,69746,590],{"class":83},[47,69748,62],{"class":61},[47,69750,32627],{"class":65},[47,69752,253],{"class":61},[47,69754,3030],{"class":83},[47,69756,69757],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,69758,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,69760,69761,69763,69765,69767,69769,69771,69773,69775],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,69762,69340],{"class":53},[47,69764,58],{"class":57},[47,69766,52256],{"class":53},[47,69768,84],{"class":83},[47,69770,25645],{"class":87},[47,69772,101],{"class":83},[47,69774,2377],{"class":586},[47,69776,107],{"class":83},[47,69778,69779],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,69780,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,69782,69783,69785,69787,69789],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,69784,98],{"class":97},[47,69786,101],{"class":83},[47,69788,69363],{"class":87},[47,69790,107],{"class":83},[47,69792,69793,69795,69797,69799],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,69794,98],{"class":97},[47,69796,101],{"class":83},[47,69798,35695],{"class":87},[47,69800,107],{"class":83},[20,69802,338],{},[38,69804,69806],{"className":40,"code":69805,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,69807,69808,69812],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69809,69810],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69811,348],{"class":53},[47,69813,69814,69816,69818,69820,69822,69824,69826,69828,69830,69832,69834,69836,69838],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,69815,3296],{"class":83},[47,69817,2693],{"class":61},[47,69819,3475],{"class":65},[47,69821,2693],{"class":61},[47,69823,590],{"class":83},[47,69825,2688],{"class":61},[47,69827,3492],{"class":65},[47,69829,2693],{"class":61},[47,69831,590],{"class":83},[47,69833,2688],{"class":61},[47,69835,32627],{"class":65},[47,69837,2693],{"class":61},[47,69839,3030],{"class":83},[20,69841,69842],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[38,69844,69846],{"className":40,"code":69845,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,69847,69848,69880,69884,69904,69908,69918],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69849,69850,69852,69854,69856,69858,69860,69862,69864,69866,69868,69870,69872,69874,69876,69878],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69851,35643],{"class":53},[47,69853,58],{"class":57},[47,69855,3017],{"class":83},[47,69857,253],{"class":61},[47,69859,3475],{"class":65},[47,69861,253],{"class":61},[47,69863,590],{"class":83},[47,69865,62],{"class":61},[47,69867,288],{"class":65},[47,69869,253],{"class":61},[47,69871,590],{"class":83},[47,69873,62],{"class":61},[47,69875,3492],{"class":65},[47,69877,253],{"class":61},[47,69879,3030],{"class":83},[47,69881,69882],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,69883,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,69885,69886,69888,69890,69892,69894,69896,69898,69900,69902],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,69887,69340],{"class":53},[47,69889,58],{"class":57},[47,69891,52256],{"class":53},[47,69893,84],{"class":83},[47,69895,25645],{"class":87},[47,69897,101],{"class":83},[47,69899,1413],{"class":57},[47,69901,2377],{"class":586},[47,69903,107],{"class":83},[47,69905,69906],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,69907,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,69909,69910,69912,69914,69916],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,69911,98],{"class":97},[47,69913,101],{"class":83},[47,69915,69363],{"class":87},[47,69917,107],{"class":83},[47,69919,69920,69922,69924,69926],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,69921,98],{"class":97},[47,69923,101],{"class":83},[47,69925,35695],{"class":87},[47,69927,107],{"class":83},[20,69929,338],{},[38,69931,69933],{"className":40,"code":69932,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,69934,69935,69940],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69936,69937],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69938,69939],{"class":53},"cherry\n",[47,69941,69942,69944,69946,69948,69950,69952,69954,69956,69958],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,69943,3296],{"class":83},[47,69945,2693],{"class":61},[47,69947,3475],{"class":65},[47,69949,2693],{"class":61},[47,69951,590],{"class":83},[47,69953,2688],{"class":61},[47,69955,288],{"class":65},[47,69957,2693],{"class":61},[47,69959,3030],{"class":83},[20,69961,69962,69963,69965],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,69964,65260],{}," means the last item.",[20,69967,69968,69969,84],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[154,69970,69971,1289],{"href":58371},[15,69972,64271],{},[33,69974,69976],{"id":69975},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,69978,69979,69981],{},[15,69980,12162],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,69983,69984,69985,1063,69987,84],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,69986,12162],{},[154,69988,69989],{"href":54477},[15,69990,54934],{},[20,69992,538],{},[38,69994,69996],{"className":40,"code":69995,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,69997,69998,70030,70034,70053,70057,70068],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69999,70000,70002,70004,70006,70008,70010,70012,70014,70016,70018,70020,70022,70024,70026,70028],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70001,4392],{"class":53},[47,70003,58],{"class":57},[47,70005,3017],{"class":83},[47,70007,253],{"class":61},[47,70009,12280],{"class":65},[47,70011,253],{"class":61},[47,70013,590],{"class":83},[47,70015,62],{"class":61},[47,70017,35345],{"class":65},[47,70019,253],{"class":61},[47,70021,590],{"class":83},[47,70023,62],{"class":61},[47,70025,35354],{"class":65},[47,70027,253],{"class":61},[47,70029,3030],{"class":83},[47,70031,70032],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70033,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,70035,70036,70039,70041,70043,70045,70047,70049,70051],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,70037,70038],{"class":53},"removed_name ",[47,70040,58],{"class":57},[47,70042,68982],{"class":53},[47,70044,84],{"class":83},[47,70046,25645],{"class":87},[47,70048,101],{"class":83},[47,70050,1514],{"class":586},[47,70052,107],{"class":83},[47,70054,70055],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,70056,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,70058,70059,70061,70063,70066],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,70060,98],{"class":97},[47,70062,101],{"class":83},[47,70064,70065],{"class":87},"removed_name",[47,70067,107],{"class":83},[47,70069,70070,70072,70074,70076],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,70071,98],{"class":97},[47,70073,101],{"class":83},[47,70075,4436],{"class":87},[47,70077,107],{"class":83},[20,70079,338],{},[38,70081,70083],{"className":40,"code":70082,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70084,70085,70089],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70086,70087],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70088,49444],{"class":53},[47,70090,70091,70093,70095,70097,70099,70101,70103,70105,70107],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70092,3296],{"class":83},[47,70094,2693],{"class":61},[47,70096,35345],{"class":65},[47,70098,2693],{"class":61},[47,70100,590],{"class":83},[47,70102,2688],{"class":61},[47,70104,35354],{"class":65},[47,70106,2693],{"class":61},[47,70108,3030],{"class":83},[20,70110,70111],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70113,70114,70115,70117,70118,84],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70116,54934],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70119,3174],{},[33,70121,70123],{"id":70122},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[724,70125,70127],{"id":70126},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70129,70130,70131,70133,70134,84],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70132,12162],{}," raises an ",[15,70135,70136],{},"IndexError",[38,70138,70140],{"className":40,"code":70139,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70141,70142,70150],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70143,70144,70146,70148],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70145,7178],{"class":53},[47,70147,58],{"class":57},[47,70149,7238],{"class":83},[47,70151,70152,70154,70156,70158],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70153,7209],{"class":53},[47,70155,84],{"class":83},[47,70157,25645],{"class":87},[47,70159,91],{"class":83},[20,70161,338],{},[38,70163,70165],{"className":40,"code":70164,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70166,70167],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70168,70169,70171,70173,70176,70179,70182],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70170,70136],{"class":919},[47,70172,1032],{"class":83},[47,70174,70175],{"class":53}," pop ",[47,70177,70178],{"class":655},"from",[47,70180,70181],{"class":53}," empty ",[47,70183,49290],{"class":919},[20,70185,38665],{},[133,70187,70188,70193],{},[136,70189,70190,70191],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70192,12162],{},[136,70194,70195,70196,1063,70198],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70197,29208],{},[15,70199,29239],{},[20,70201,538],{},[38,70203,70205],{"className":40,"code":70204,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70206,70207,70215,70219,70227,70241,70247],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70208,70209,70211,70213],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70210,7178],{"class":53},[47,70212,58],{"class":57},[47,70214,7238],{"class":83},[47,70216,70217],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70218,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,70220,70221,70223,70225],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,70222,656],{"class":655},[47,70224,5367],{"class":53},[47,70226,679],{"class":83},[47,70228,70229,70231,70233,70235,70237,70239],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,70230,684],{"class":97},[47,70232,101],{"class":83},[47,70234,7209],{"class":87},[47,70236,84],{"class":83},[47,70238,25645],{"class":87},[47,70240,236],{"class":83},[47,70242,70243,70245],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,70244,26838],{"class":655},[47,70246,679],{"class":83},[47,70248,70249,70251,70253,70255,70258,70260],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,70250,684],{"class":97},[47,70252,101],{"class":83},[47,70254,253],{"class":61},[47,70256,70257],{"class":65},"The list is empty.",[47,70259,253],{"class":61},[47,70261,107],{"class":83},[724,70263,70265],{"id":70264},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70267,70268,70269,84],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70270,70136],{},[38,70272,70274],{"className":40,"code":70273,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70275,70276,70296],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70277,70278,70280,70282,70284,70286,70288,70290,70292,70294],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70279,3012],{"class":53},[47,70281,58],{"class":57},[47,70283,3017],{"class":83},[47,70285,1719],{"class":586},[47,70287,590],{"class":83},[47,70289,7189],{"class":586},[47,70291,590],{"class":83},[47,70293,7194],{"class":586},[47,70295,3030],{"class":83},[47,70297,70298,70300,70302,70304,70306,70308],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70299,3044],{"class":53},[47,70301,84],{"class":83},[47,70303,25645],{"class":87},[47,70305,101],{"class":83},[47,70307,1531],{"class":586},[47,70309,107],{"class":83},[20,70311,338],{},[38,70313,70315],{"className":40,"code":70314,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70316,70317],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70318,70319,70321,70323,70326],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70320,70136],{"class":919},[47,70322,1032],{"class":83},[47,70324,70325],{"class":53}," pop index out of ",[47,70327,70328],{"class":97},"range\n",[20,70330,38665],{},[133,70332,70333,70338],{},[136,70334,70335,70336],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,70337,41764],{},[136,70339,70340],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[38,70342,70344],{"className":40,"code":70343,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,70345,70346,70366,70375,70379,70401,70419,70425],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70347,70348,70350,70352,70354,70356,70358,70360,70362,70364],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70349,3012],{"class":53},[47,70351,58],{"class":57},[47,70353,3017],{"class":83},[47,70355,1719],{"class":586},[47,70357,590],{"class":83},[47,70359,7189],{"class":586},[47,70361,590],{"class":83},[47,70363,7194],{"class":586},[47,70365,3030],{"class":83},[47,70367,70368,70371,70373],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70369,70370],{"class":53},"index ",[47,70372,58],{"class":57},[47,70374,44993],{"class":586},[47,70376,70377],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,70378,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,70380,70381,70383,70385,70388,70391,70393,70395,70397,70399],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,70382,656],{"class":655},[47,70384,3230],{"class":586},[47,70386,70387],{"class":57}," \u003C=",[47,70389,70390],{"class":53}," index ",[47,70392,2682],{"class":57},[47,70394,37790],{"class":97},[47,70396,101],{"class":83},[47,70398,3044],{"class":87},[47,70400,7740],{"class":83},[47,70402,70403,70405,70407,70409,70411,70413,70415,70417],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,70404,684],{"class":97},[47,70406,101],{"class":83},[47,70408,3044],{"class":87},[47,70410,84],{"class":83},[47,70412,25645],{"class":87},[47,70414,101],{"class":83},[47,70416,35250],{"class":87},[47,70418,1419],{"class":83},[47,70420,70421,70423],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,70422,26838],{"class":655},[47,70424,679],{"class":83},[47,70426,70427,70429,70431,70433,70436,70438],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,70428,684],{"class":97},[47,70430,101],{"class":83},[47,70432,253],{"class":61},[47,70434,70435],{"class":65},"Index is out of range.",[47,70437,253],{"class":61},[47,70439,107],{"class":83},[20,70441,70442,70443,84],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[154,70444,68665],{"href":68664},[724,70446,70448],{"id":70447},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,70450,70451,70453],{},[15,70452,12162],{}," expects an integer index.",[38,70455,70457],{"className":40,"code":70456,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,70458,70459,70479],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70460,70461,70463,70465,70467,70469,70471,70473,70475,70477],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70462,3012],{"class":53},[47,70464,58],{"class":57},[47,70466,3017],{"class":83},[47,70468,1719],{"class":586},[47,70470,590],{"class":83},[47,70472,7189],{"class":586},[47,70474,590],{"class":83},[47,70476,7194],{"class":586},[47,70478,3030],{"class":83},[47,70480,70481,70483,70485,70487,70489,70491,70493,70495],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70482,3044],{"class":53},[47,70484,84],{"class":83},[47,70486,25645],{"class":87},[47,70488,101],{"class":83},[47,70490,253],{"class":61},[47,70492,2377],{"class":65},[47,70494,253],{"class":61},[47,70496,107],{"class":83},[20,70498,338],{},[38,70500,70502],{"className":40,"code":70501,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,70503,70504],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70505,70506,70508,70510,70512,70514,70516,70518,70521,70524],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70507,2395],{"class":919},[47,70509,1032],{"class":83},[47,70511,2688],{"class":61},[47,70513,920],{"class":65},[47,70515,2693],{"class":61},[47,70517,24020],{"class":919},[47,70519,70520],{"class":53}," cannot be interpreted ",[47,70522,70523],{"class":655},"as",[47,70525,70526],{"class":53}," an integer\n",[20,70528,38665],{},[133,70530,70531,70540],{},[136,70532,70533,70534,712,70536,716,70538],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,70535,1514],{},[15,70537,2377],{},[15,70539,65260],{},[136,70541,70542],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[38,70544,70546],{"className":40,"code":70545,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70547,70548,70568,70586,70590,70608],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70549,70550,70552,70554,70556,70558,70560,70562,70564,70566],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70551,3012],{"class":53},[47,70553,58],{"class":57},[47,70555,3017],{"class":83},[47,70557,1719],{"class":586},[47,70559,590],{"class":83},[47,70561,7189],{"class":586},[47,70563,590],{"class":83},[47,70565,7194],{"class":586},[47,70567,3030],{"class":83},[47,70569,70570,70572,70574,70576,70578,70580,70582,70584],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70571,70370],{"class":53},[47,70573,58],{"class":57},[47,70575,44680],{"class":919},[47,70577,101],{"class":83},[47,70579,253],{"class":61},[47,70581,2377],{"class":65},[47,70583,253],{"class":61},[47,70585,107],{"class":83},[47,70587,70588],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,70589,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,70591,70592,70594,70596,70598,70600,70602,70604,70606],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,70593,98],{"class":97},[47,70595,101],{"class":83},[47,70597,3044],{"class":87},[47,70599,84],{"class":83},[47,70601,25645],{"class":87},[47,70603,101],{"class":83},[47,70605,35250],{"class":87},[47,70607,1419],{"class":83},[47,70609,70610,70612,70614,70616],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,70611,98],{"class":97},[47,70613,101],{"class":83},[47,70615,3044],{"class":87},[47,70617,107],{"class":83},[20,70619,338],{},[38,70621,70623],{"className":40,"code":70622,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,70624,70625,70630],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70626,70627],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70628,70629],{"class":586},"20\n",[47,70631,70632,70634,70636,70638,70640],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70633,3296],{"class":83},[47,70635,1719],{"class":586},[47,70637,590],{"class":83},[47,70639,7194],{"class":586},[47,70641,3030],{"class":83},[33,70643,70645],{"id":70644},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,70647,70648],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[724,70650,1486,70652,10001],{"id":70651},"use-pop-when",[15,70653,12162],{},[133,70655,70656,70659,70662],{},[136,70657,70658],{},"you want to remove by index",[136,70660,70661],{},"you want the removed item returned",[136,70663,70664],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[724,70666,1486,70668,10001],{"id":70667},"use-remove-when",[15,70669,54934],{},[133,70671,70672,70675],{},[136,70673,70674],{},"you want to remove by value",[136,70676,70677],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,70679,70680],{},"Compare these examples:",[38,70682,70684],{"className":40,"code":70683,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70685,70686,70710,70714,70732,70742],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70687,70688,70690,70692,70694,70696,70698,70700,70702,70704,70706,70708],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70689,3012],{"class":53},[47,70691,58],{"class":57},[47,70693,3017],{"class":83},[47,70695,1719],{"class":586},[47,70697,590],{"class":83},[47,70699,7189],{"class":586},[47,70701,590],{"class":83},[47,70703,7194],{"class":586},[47,70705,590],{"class":83},[47,70707,7189],{"class":586},[47,70709,3030],{"class":83},[47,70711,70712],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70713,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,70715,70716,70718,70720,70722,70724,70726,70728,70730],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,70717,69340],{"class":53},[47,70719,58],{"class":57},[47,70721,3659],{"class":53},[47,70723,84],{"class":83},[47,70725,25645],{"class":87},[47,70727,101],{"class":83},[47,70729,2377],{"class":586},[47,70731,107],{"class":83},[47,70733,70734,70736,70738,70740],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,70735,98],{"class":97},[47,70737,101],{"class":83},[47,70739,69363],{"class":87},[47,70741,107],{"class":83},[47,70743,70744,70746,70748,70750],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,70745,98],{"class":97},[47,70747,101],{"class":83},[47,70749,3044],{"class":87},[47,70751,107],{"class":83},[20,70753,338],{},[38,70755,70757],{"className":40,"code":70756,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,70758,70759,70763],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70760,70761],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70762,70629],{"class":586},[47,70764,70765,70767,70769,70771,70773,70775,70777],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70766,3296],{"class":83},[47,70768,1719],{"class":586},[47,70770,590],{"class":83},[47,70772,7194],{"class":586},[47,70774,590],{"class":83},[47,70776,7189],{"class":586},[47,70778,3030],{"class":83},[38,70780,70782],{"className":40,"code":70781,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70783,70784,70808,70812,70826],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70785,70786,70788,70790,70792,70794,70796,70798,70800,70802,70804,70806],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70787,3012],{"class":53},[47,70789,58],{"class":57},[47,70791,3017],{"class":83},[47,70793,1719],{"class":586},[47,70795,590],{"class":83},[47,70797,7189],{"class":586},[47,70799,590],{"class":83},[47,70801,7194],{"class":586},[47,70803,590],{"class":83},[47,70805,7189],{"class":586},[47,70807,3030],{"class":83},[47,70809,70810],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70811,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,70813,70814,70816,70818,70820,70822,70824],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,70815,3044],{"class":53},[47,70817,84],{"class":83},[47,70819,34197],{"class":87},[47,70821,101],{"class":83},[47,70823,15157],{"class":586},[47,70825,107],{"class":83},[47,70827,70828,70830,70832,70834],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,70829,98],{"class":97},[47,70831,101],{"class":83},[47,70833,3044],{"class":87},[47,70835,107],{"class":83},[20,70837,338],{},[38,70839,70841],{"className":40,"code":70840,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,70842,70843],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70844,70845,70847,70849,70851,70853,70855,70857],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70846,3296],{"class":83},[47,70848,1719],{"class":586},[47,70850,590],{"class":83},[47,70852,7194],{"class":586},[47,70854,590],{"class":83},[47,70856,7189],{"class":586},[47,70858,3030],{"class":83},[20,70860,70861,70862,70865,70866,84],{},"In the first example, ",[15,70863,70864],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,70867,2377],{},[20,70869,56010,70870,70873,70874,84],{},[15,70871,70872],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,70875,15157],{},[20,70877,70878,70879,84],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[154,70880,54473],{"href":54472},[33,70882,722],{"id":721},[20,70884,70885,70886,1032],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,70887,12162],{},[133,70889,70890,70893,70896,70902,70906],{},[136,70891,70892],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[136,70894,70895],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[136,70897,946,70898,8101,70900],{},[15,70899,12162],{},[15,70901,54934],{},[136,70903,7852,70904,61377],{},[15,70905,12162],{},[136,70907,70908],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,70910,70911],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[38,70913,70915],{"className":40,"code":70914,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,70916,70917,70927,70941,70955,70973],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70918,70919,70921,70923,70925],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70920,98],{"class":97},[47,70922,101],{"class":83},[47,70924,7737],{"class":87},[47,70926,107],{"class":83},[47,70928,70929,70931,70933,70935,70937,70939],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70930,98],{"class":97},[47,70932,101],{"class":83},[47,70934,10562],{"class":97},[47,70936,101],{"class":83},[47,70938,7737],{"class":87},[47,70940,1419],{"class":83},[47,70942,70943,70945,70947,70949,70951,70953],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,70944,98],{"class":97},[47,70946,101],{"class":83},[47,70948,7737],{"class":87},[47,70950,84],{"class":83},[47,70952,25645],{"class":87},[47,70954,236],{"class":83},[47,70956,70957,70959,70961,70963,70965,70967,70969,70971],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,70958,98],{"class":97},[47,70960,101],{"class":83},[47,70962,7737],{"class":87},[47,70964,84],{"class":83},[47,70966,25645],{"class":87},[47,70968,101],{"class":83},[47,70970,1514],{"class":586},[47,70972,1419],{"class":83},[47,70974,70975,70977,70979,70981,70983,70985],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,70976,98],{"class":97},[47,70978,101],{"class":83},[47,70980,2613],{"class":919},[47,70982,101],{"class":83},[47,70984,35250],{"class":87},[47,70986,1419],{"class":83},[20,70988,70989],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[133,70991,70992,70998],{},[136,70993,70994,70997],{},[15,70995,70996],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[136,70999,71000,71003],{},[15,71001,71002],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71005,71006,71007,71010],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71008,71009],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[33,71012,1155],{"id":1154},[724,71014,71016],{"id":71015},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71018,71019,71020,71022],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71021,12162],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[724,71024,71026],{"id":71025},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71028,71029,71031,71032,71034,71035,84],{},[15,71030,12162],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71033,54934],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71036,3174],{},[724,71038,71040],{"id":71039},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71042,71043,71044,71047],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71045,71046],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[724,71049,71051],{"id":71050},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71053,71054,71055,71057],{},"Python raises ",[15,71056,70136],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[33,71059,1275],{"id":1274},[133,71061,71062,71066,71071,71076,71081],{},[136,71063,71064],{},[154,71065,54920],{"href":54472},[136,71067,71068],{},[154,71069,71070],{"href":54477},"Python list remove() method",[136,71072,71073],{},[154,71074,71075],{"href":58371},"Python list index() method",[136,71077,71078],{},[154,71079,71080],{"href":50383},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[136,71082,71083],{},[154,71084,68665],{"href":68664},[1320,71086,71087],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":71089},[71090,71091,71092,71093,71094,71095,71096,71101,71107,71108,71114],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":69266,"depth":72,"text":69267},{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":69576,"depth":72,"text":69577},{"id":69705,"depth":72,"text":69706},{"id":69975,"depth":72,"text":69976},{"id":70122,"depth":72,"text":70123,"children":71097},[71098,71099,71100],{"id":70126,"depth":94,"text":70127},{"id":70264,"depth":94,"text":70265},{"id":70447,"depth":94,"text":70448},{"id":70644,"depth":72,"text":70645,"children":71102},[71103,71105],{"id":70651,"depth":94,"text":71104},"Use pop() when:",{"id":70667,"depth":94,"text":71106},"Use remove() when:",{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":71109},[71110,71111,71112,71113],{"id":71015,"depth":94,"text":71016},{"id":71025,"depth":94,"text":71026},{"id":71039,"depth":94,"text":71040},{"id":71050,"depth":94,"text":71051},{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69133,"description":71115},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71122,"title":71123,"body":71124,"description":72910,"extension":1354,"meta":72911,"navigation":311,"path":72912,"seo":72913,"stem":72914,"__hash__":72915},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71125,"toc":72892},[71126,71129,71134,71140,71142,71212,71218,71222,71227,71248,71251,71318,71320,71341,71349,71351,71370,71386,71388,71453,71455,71480,71482,71484,71549,71551,71576,71578,71592,71595,71648,71650,71671,71675,71683,71756,71758,71791,71797,71803,71894,71896,71921,71927,72016,72018,72042,72044,72048,72103,72105,72137,72140,72143,72237,72239,72272,72278,72284,72288,72295,72321,72325,72390,72392,72417,72421,72502,72504,72533,72538,72543,72549,72553,72560,72582,72586,72645,72647,72671,72680,72685,72687,72691,72720,72722,72797,72800,72814,72820,72822,72826,72829,72833,72838,72842,72851,72855,72863,72865,72889],[10,71127,71123],{"id":71128},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71130,1371,71131,71133],{},[15,71132,54480],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71135,71136,71137,71139],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[121,71138,1863],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[33,71141,36],{"id":35},[38,71143,71145],{"className":40,"code":71144,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71146,71147,71179,71197,71207],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71148,71149,71151,71153,71155,71157,71159,71161,71163,71165,71167,71169,71171,71173,71175,71177],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71150,7178],{"class":53},[47,71152,58],{"class":57},[47,71154,3017],{"class":83},[47,71156,253],{"class":61},[47,71158,3475],{"class":65},[47,71160,253],{"class":61},[47,71162,590],{"class":83},[47,71164,62],{"class":61},[47,71166,288],{"class":65},[47,71168,253],{"class":61},[47,71170,590],{"class":83},[47,71172,62],{"class":61},[47,71174,32627],{"class":65},[47,71176,253],{"class":61},[47,71178,3030],{"class":83},[47,71180,71181,71183,71185,71187,71189,71191,71193,71195],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,71182,7209],{"class":53},[47,71184,84],{"class":83},[47,71186,34197],{"class":87},[47,71188,101],{"class":83},[47,71190,253],{"class":61},[47,71192,288],{"class":65},[47,71194,253],{"class":61},[47,71196,107],{"class":83},[47,71198,71199,71201,71203,71205],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,71200,98],{"class":97},[47,71202,101],{"class":83},[47,71204,7209],{"class":87},[47,71206,107],{"class":83},[47,71208,71209],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,71210,71211],{"class":113},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71213,1486,71214,71217],{},[15,71215,71216],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[33,71219,71221],{"id":71220},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71223,71224,71226],{},[15,71225,54934],{}," is a list method that:",[133,71228,71229,71235,71240,71245],{},[136,71230,71231,71232,71234],{},"Deletes the ",[121,71233,29313],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[136,71236,71237,71238],{},"Changes the original list ",[121,71239,10734],{},[136,71241,1159,71242,71244],{},[121,71243,123],{}," return a new list",[136,71246,71247],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71249,71250],{},"This is important for beginners:",[38,71252,71254],{"className":40,"code":71253,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71255,71256,71276,71294,71298,71308],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71257,71258,71260,71262,71264,71266,71268,71270,71272,71274],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71259,3012],{"class":53},[47,71261,58],{"class":57},[47,71263,3017],{"class":83},[47,71265,2377],{"class":586},[47,71267,590],{"class":83},[47,71269,2382],{"class":586},[47,71271,590],{"class":83},[47,71273,1841],{"class":586},[47,71275,3030],{"class":83},[47,71277,71278,71280,71282,71284,71286,71288,71290,71292],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,71279,75],{"class":53},[47,71281,58],{"class":57},[47,71283,3659],{"class":53},[47,71285,84],{"class":83},[47,71287,34197],{"class":87},[47,71289,101],{"class":83},[47,71291,1449],{"class":586},[47,71293,107],{"class":83},[47,71295,71296],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,71297,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,71299,71300,71302,71304,71306],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,71301,98],{"class":97},[47,71303,101],{"class":83},[47,71305,3044],{"class":87},[47,71307,107],{"class":83},[47,71309,71310,71312,71314,71316],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,71311,98],{"class":97},[47,71313,101],{"class":83},[47,71315,104],{"class":87},[47,71317,107],{"class":83},[20,71319,338],{},[38,71321,71323],{"className":40,"code":71322,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71324,71325,71337],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71326,71327,71329,71331,71333,71335],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71328,3296],{"class":83},[47,71330,2377],{"class":586},[47,71332,590],{"class":83},[47,71334,1841],{"class":586},[47,71336,3030],{"class":83},[47,71338,71339],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,71340,11207],{"class":1271},[20,71342,71343,71344,71346,71347,84],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,71345,54934],{}," itself returned ",[15,71348,3174],{},[33,71350,4831],{"id":4830},[38,71352,71354],{"className":40,"code":71353,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,71355,71356],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71357,71358,71360,71362,71364,71366,71368],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71359,7492],{"class":919},[47,71361,84],{"class":83},[47,71363,34197],{"class":87},[47,71365,101],{"class":83},[47,71367,1863],{"class":87},[47,71369,107],{"class":83},[133,71371,71372,71377,71380],{},[136,71373,71374,71376],{},[15,71375,1863],{}," is the item you want to delete",[136,71378,71379],{},"Python searches from left to right",[136,71381,71382,71383,71385],{},"Only the ",[121,71384,29313],{}," matching value is removed",[20,71387,538],{},[38,71389,71391],{"className":40,"code":71390,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,71392,71393,71425,71443],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71394,71395,71397,71399,71401,71403,71405,71407,71409,71411,71413,71415,71417,71419,71421,71423],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71396,35494],{"class":53},[47,71398,58],{"class":57},[47,71400,3017],{"class":83},[47,71402,253],{"class":61},[47,71404,154],{"class":65},[47,71406,253],{"class":61},[47,71408,590],{"class":83},[47,71410,62],{"class":61},[47,71412,4158],{"class":65},[47,71414,253],{"class":61},[47,71416,590],{"class":83},[47,71418,62],{"class":61},[47,71420,9138],{"class":65},[47,71422,253],{"class":61},[47,71424,3030],{"class":83},[47,71426,71427,71429,71431,71433,71435,71437,71439,71441],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,71428,35547],{"class":53},[47,71430,84],{"class":83},[47,71432,34197],{"class":87},[47,71434,101],{"class":83},[47,71436,253],{"class":61},[47,71438,4158],{"class":65},[47,71440,253],{"class":61},[47,71442,107],{"class":83},[47,71444,71445,71447,71449,71451],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,71446,98],{"class":97},[47,71448,101],{"class":83},[47,71450,35547],{"class":87},[47,71452,107],{"class":83},[20,71454,338],{},[38,71456,71458],{"className":40,"code":71457,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,71459,71460],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71461,71462,71464,71466,71468,71470,71472,71474,71476,71478],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71463,3296],{"class":83},[47,71465,2693],{"class":61},[47,71467,154],{"class":65},[47,71469,2693],{"class":61},[47,71471,590],{"class":83},[47,71473,2688],{"class":61},[47,71475,9138],{"class":65},[47,71477,2693],{"class":61},[47,71479,3030],{"class":83},[33,71481,5188],{"id":5187},[20,71483,64580],{},[38,71485,71487],{"className":40,"code":71486,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,71488,71489,71521,71539],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71490,71491,71493,71495,71497,71499,71501,71503,71505,71507,71509,71511,71513,71515,71517,71519],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71492,12476],{"class":53},[47,71494,58],{"class":57},[47,71496,3017],{"class":83},[47,71498,253],{"class":61},[47,71500,12493],{"class":65},[47,71502,253],{"class":61},[47,71504,590],{"class":83},[47,71506,62],{"class":61},[47,71508,12510],{"class":65},[47,71510,253],{"class":61},[47,71512,590],{"class":83},[47,71514,62],{"class":61},[47,71516,16858],{"class":65},[47,71518,253],{"class":61},[47,71520,3030],{"class":83},[47,71522,71523,71525,71527,71529,71531,71533,71535,71537],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,71524,16905],{"class":53},[47,71526,84],{"class":83},[47,71528,34197],{"class":87},[47,71530,101],{"class":83},[47,71532,253],{"class":61},[47,71534,12510],{"class":65},[47,71536,253],{"class":61},[47,71538,107],{"class":83},[47,71540,71541,71543,71545,71547],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,71542,98],{"class":97},[47,71544,101],{"class":83},[47,71546,16905],{"class":87},[47,71548,107],{"class":83},[20,71550,338],{},[38,71552,71554],{"className":40,"code":71553,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,71555,71556],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71557,71558,71560,71562,71564,71566,71568,71570,71572,71574],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71559,3296],{"class":83},[47,71561,2693],{"class":61},[47,71563,12493],{"class":65},[47,71565,2693],{"class":61},[47,71567,590],{"class":83},[47,71569,2688],{"class":61},[47,71571,16858],{"class":65},[47,71573,2693],{"class":61},[47,71575,3030],{"class":83},[20,71577,11082],{},[133,71579,71580,71583,71589],{},[136,71581,71582],{},"A list is created with three values",[136,71584,71585,71588],{},[15,71586,71587],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[136,71590,71591],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,71593,71594],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[38,71596,71598],{"className":40,"code":71597,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,71599,71600,71624,71638],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71601,71602,71604,71606,71608,71610,71612,71614,71616,71618,71620,71622],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71603,4461],{"class":53},[47,71605,58],{"class":57},[47,71607,3017],{"class":83},[47,71609,1719],{"class":586},[47,71611,590],{"class":83},[47,71613,7189],{"class":586},[47,71615,590],{"class":83},[47,71617,7194],{"class":586},[47,71619,590],{"class":83},[47,71621,50248],{"class":586},[47,71623,3030],{"class":83},[47,71625,71626,71628,71630,71632,71634,71636],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,71627,15792],{"class":53},[47,71629,84],{"class":83},[47,71631,34197],{"class":87},[47,71633,101],{"class":83},[47,71635,36246],{"class":586},[47,71637,107],{"class":83},[47,71639,71640,71642,71644,71646],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,71641,98],{"class":97},[47,71643,101],{"class":83},[47,71645,15792],{"class":87},[47,71647,107],{"class":83},[20,71649,338],{},[38,71651,71653],{"className":40,"code":71652,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,71654,71655],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71656,71657,71659,71661,71663,71665,71667,71669],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71658,3296],{"class":83},[47,71660,1719],{"class":586},[47,71662,590],{"class":83},[47,71664,7189],{"class":586},[47,71666,590],{"class":83},[47,71668,50248],{"class":586},[47,71670,3030],{"class":83},[33,71672,71674],{"id":71673},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,71676,64570,71677,71679,71680,71682],{},[15,71678,54934],{}," deletes only the ",[121,71681,29313],{}," one.",[38,71684,71686],{"className":40,"code":71685,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,71687,71688,71728,71746],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71689,71690,71692,71694,71696,71698,71700,71702,71704,71706,71708,71710,71712,71714,71716,71718,71720,71722,71724,71726],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71691,7178],{"class":53},[47,71693,58],{"class":57},[47,71695,3017],{"class":83},[47,71697,253],{"class":61},[47,71699,3475],{"class":65},[47,71701,253],{"class":61},[47,71703,590],{"class":83},[47,71705,62],{"class":61},[47,71707,288],{"class":65},[47,71709,253],{"class":61},[47,71711,590],{"class":83},[47,71713,62],{"class":61},[47,71715,3475],{"class":65},[47,71717,253],{"class":61},[47,71719,590],{"class":83},[47,71721,62],{"class":61},[47,71723,32627],{"class":65},[47,71725,253],{"class":61},[47,71727,3030],{"class":83},[47,71729,71730,71732,71734,71736,71738,71740,71742,71744],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,71731,7209],{"class":53},[47,71733,84],{"class":83},[47,71735,34197],{"class":87},[47,71737,101],{"class":83},[47,71739,253],{"class":61},[47,71741,3475],{"class":65},[47,71743,253],{"class":61},[47,71745,107],{"class":83},[47,71747,71748,71750,71752,71754],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,71749,98],{"class":97},[47,71751,101],{"class":83},[47,71753,7209],{"class":87},[47,71755,107],{"class":83},[20,71757,338],{},[38,71759,71761],{"className":40,"code":71760,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71762,71763],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71764,71765,71767,71769,71771,71773,71775,71777,71779,71781,71783,71785,71787,71789],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71766,3296],{"class":83},[47,71768,2693],{"class":61},[47,71770,288],{"class":65},[47,71772,2693],{"class":61},[47,71774,590],{"class":83},[47,71776,2688],{"class":61},[47,71778,3475],{"class":65},[47,71780,2693],{"class":61},[47,71782,590],{"class":83},[47,71784,2688],{"class":61},[47,71786,32627],{"class":65},[47,71788,2693],{"class":61},[47,71790,3030],{"class":83},[20,71792,71793,71794,71796],{},"Only the first ",[15,71795,57239],{}," was removed.",[20,71798,71799,71800,71802],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,71801,54934],{}," again:",[38,71804,71806],{"className":40,"code":71805,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,71807,71808,71848,71866,71884],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71809,71810,71812,71814,71816,71818,71820,71822,71824,71826,71828,71830,71832,71834,71836,71838,71840,71842,71844,71846],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71811,7178],{"class":53},[47,71813,58],{"class":57},[47,71815,3017],{"class":83},[47,71817,253],{"class":61},[47,71819,3475],{"class":65},[47,71821,253],{"class":61},[47,71823,590],{"class":83},[47,71825,62],{"class":61},[47,71827,288],{"class":65},[47,71829,253],{"class":61},[47,71831,590],{"class":83},[47,71833,62],{"class":61},[47,71835,3475],{"class":65},[47,71837,253],{"class":61},[47,71839,590],{"class":83},[47,71841,62],{"class":61},[47,71843,32627],{"class":65},[47,71845,253],{"class":61},[47,71847,3030],{"class":83},[47,71849,71850,71852,71854,71856,71858,71860,71862,71864],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,71851,7209],{"class":53},[47,71853,84],{"class":83},[47,71855,34197],{"class":87},[47,71857,101],{"class":83},[47,71859,253],{"class":61},[47,71861,3475],{"class":65},[47,71863,253],{"class":61},[47,71865,107],{"class":83},[47,71867,71868,71870,71872,71874,71876,71878,71880,71882],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,71869,7209],{"class":53},[47,71871,84],{"class":83},[47,71873,34197],{"class":87},[47,71875,101],{"class":83},[47,71877,253],{"class":61},[47,71879,3475],{"class":65},[47,71881,253],{"class":61},[47,71883,107],{"class":83},[47,71885,71886,71888,71890,71892],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,71887,98],{"class":97},[47,71889,101],{"class":83},[47,71891,7209],{"class":87},[47,71893,107],{"class":83},[20,71895,338],{},[38,71897,71899],{"className":40,"code":71898,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,71900,71901],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71902,71903,71905,71907,71909,71911,71913,71915,71917,71919],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71904,3296],{"class":83},[47,71906,2693],{"class":61},[47,71908,288],{"class":65},[47,71910,2693],{"class":61},[47,71912,590],{"class":83},[47,71914,2688],{"class":61},[47,71916,32627],{"class":65},[47,71918,2693],{"class":61},[47,71920,3030],{"class":83},[20,71922,71923,71924,71926],{},"If you need to remove ",[121,71925,3111],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[38,71928,71930],{"className":40,"code":71929,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,71931,71932,71972,72006],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71933,71934,71936,71938,71940,71942,71944,71946,71948,71950,71952,71954,71956,71958,71960,71962,71964,71966,71968,71970],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71935,7178],{"class":53},[47,71937,58],{"class":57},[47,71939,3017],{"class":83},[47,71941,253],{"class":61},[47,71943,3475],{"class":65},[47,71945,253],{"class":61},[47,71947,590],{"class":83},[47,71949,62],{"class":61},[47,71951,288],{"class":65},[47,71953,253],{"class":61},[47,71955,590],{"class":83},[47,71957,62],{"class":61},[47,71959,3475],{"class":65},[47,71961,253],{"class":61},[47,71963,590],{"class":83},[47,71965,62],{"class":61},[47,71967,32627],{"class":65},[47,71969,253],{"class":61},[47,71971,3030],{"class":83},[47,71973,71974,71976,71978,71980,71982,71984,71986,71988,71991,71993,71995,71998,72000,72002,72004],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,71975,7178],{"class":53},[47,71977,58],{"class":57},[47,71979,3017],{"class":83},[47,71981,27942],{"class":53},[47,71983,5359],{"class":655},[47,71985,5362],{"class":53},[47,71987,3278],{"class":655},[47,71989,71990],{"class":53}," items ",[47,71992,656],{"class":655},[47,71994,5362],{"class":53},[47,71996,71997],{"class":57},"!=",[47,71999,62],{"class":61},[47,72001,3475],{"class":65},[47,72003,253],{"class":61},[47,72005,3030],{"class":83},[47,72007,72008,72010,72012,72014],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,72009,98],{"class":97},[47,72011,101],{"class":83},[47,72013,7209],{"class":87},[47,72015,107],{"class":83},[20,72017,338],{},[38,72019,72020],{"className":40,"code":71898,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,72021,72022],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72023,72024,72026,72028,72030,72032,72034,72036,72038,72040],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72025,3296],{"class":83},[47,72027,2693],{"class":61},[47,72029,288],{"class":65},[47,72031,2693],{"class":61},[47,72033,590],{"class":83},[47,72035,2688],{"class":61},[47,72037,32627],{"class":65},[47,72039,2693],{"class":61},[47,72041,3030],{"class":83},[33,72043,65036],{"id":65035},[20,72045,65039,72046,84],{},[15,72047,40107],{},[38,72049,72051],{"className":40,"code":72050,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72052,72053,72085],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72054,72055,72057,72059,72061,72063,72065,72067,72069,72071,72073,72075,72077,72079,72081,72083],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72056,7178],{"class":53},[47,72058,58],{"class":57},[47,72060,3017],{"class":83},[47,72062,253],{"class":61},[47,72064,3475],{"class":65},[47,72066,253],{"class":61},[47,72068,590],{"class":83},[47,72070,62],{"class":61},[47,72072,288],{"class":65},[47,72074,253],{"class":61},[47,72076,590],{"class":83},[47,72078,62],{"class":61},[47,72080,32627],{"class":65},[47,72082,253],{"class":61},[47,72084,3030],{"class":83},[47,72086,72087,72089,72091,72093,72095,72097,72099,72101],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,72088,7209],{"class":53},[47,72090,84],{"class":83},[47,72092,34197],{"class":87},[47,72094,101],{"class":83},[47,72096,253],{"class":61},[47,72098,21935],{"class":65},[47,72100,253],{"class":61},[47,72102,107],{"class":83},[20,72104,338],{},[38,72106,72108],{"className":40,"code":72107,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72109,72110],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72111,72112,72114,72116,72118,72120,72122,72124,72126,72128,72130,72132,72134],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72113,40107],{"class":919},[47,72115,1032],{"class":83},[47,72117,21962],{"class":919},[47,72119,84],{"class":83},[47,72121,34197],{"class":87},[47,72123,101],{"class":83},[47,72125,1567],{"class":87},[47,72127,15855],{"class":83},[47,72129,3275],{"class":53},[47,72131,123],{"class":57},[47,72133,20575],{"class":57},[47,72135,72136],{"class":919}," list\n",[20,72138,72139],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72141,72142],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[38,72144,72146],{"className":40,"code":72145,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72147,72148,72180,72192,72196,72208,72223,72227],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72149,72150,72152,72154,72156,72158,72160,72162,72164,72166,72168,72170,72172,72174,72176,72178],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72151,7178],{"class":53},[47,72153,58],{"class":57},[47,72155,3017],{"class":83},[47,72157,253],{"class":61},[47,72159,3475],{"class":65},[47,72161,253],{"class":61},[47,72163,590],{"class":83},[47,72165,62],{"class":61},[47,72167,288],{"class":65},[47,72169,253],{"class":61},[47,72171,590],{"class":83},[47,72173,62],{"class":61},[47,72175,32627],{"class":65},[47,72177,253],{"class":61},[47,72179,3030],{"class":83},[47,72181,72182,72184,72186,72188,72190],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,72183,1836],{"class":53},[47,72185,58],{"class":57},[47,72187,62],{"class":61},[47,72189,21935],{"class":65},[47,72191,69],{"class":61},[47,72193,72194],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,72195,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,72197,72198,72200,72202,72204,72206],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,72199,656],{"class":655},[47,72201,20986],{"class":53},[47,72203,3278],{"class":57},[47,72205,5367],{"class":53},[47,72207,679],{"class":83},[47,72209,72210,72213,72215,72217,72219,72221],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,72211,72212],{"class":53},"    items",[47,72214,84],{"class":83},[47,72216,34197],{"class":87},[47,72218,101],{"class":83},[47,72220,1863],{"class":87},[47,72222,107],{"class":83},[47,72224,72225],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,72226,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,72228,72229,72231,72233,72235],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,72230,98],{"class":97},[47,72232,101],{"class":83},[47,72234,7209],{"class":87},[47,72236,107],{"class":83},[20,72238,338],{},[38,72240,72242],{"className":40,"code":72241,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72243,72244],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72245,72246,72248,72250,72252,72254,72256,72258,72260,72262,72264,72266,72268,72270],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72247,3296],{"class":83},[47,72249,2693],{"class":61},[47,72251,3475],{"class":65},[47,72253,2693],{"class":61},[47,72255,590],{"class":83},[47,72257,2688],{"class":61},[47,72259,288],{"class":65},[47,72261,2693],{"class":61},[47,72263,590],{"class":83},[47,72265,2688],{"class":61},[47,72267,32627],{"class":65},[47,72269,2693],{"class":61},[47,72271,3030],{"class":83},[20,72273,72274,72275,72277],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72276,54934],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72279,72280,72281,84],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[154,72282,65245],{"href":72283},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[33,72285,72287],{"id":72286},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72289,72290,1063,72292,72294],{},[15,72291,54934],{},[15,72293,12162],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[133,72296,72297,72304,72310,72316],{},[136,72298,72299,72301,72302],{},[15,72300,54934],{}," deletes by ",[121,72303,1863],{},[136,72305,72306,72301,72308],{},[15,72307,12162],{},[121,72309,35250],{},[136,72311,72312,1786,72314],{},[15,72313,54934],{},[15,72315,3174],{},[136,72317,72318,72320],{},[15,72319,12162],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72322,45444,72323,1032],{},[15,72324,54934],{},[38,72326,72328],{"className":40,"code":72327,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72329,72330,72362,72380],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72331,72332,72334,72336,72338,72340,72342,72344,72346,72348,72350,72352,72354,72356,72358,72360],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72333,7178],{"class":53},[47,72335,58],{"class":57},[47,72337,3017],{"class":83},[47,72339,253],{"class":61},[47,72341,3475],{"class":65},[47,72343,253],{"class":61},[47,72345,590],{"class":83},[47,72347,62],{"class":61},[47,72349,288],{"class":65},[47,72351,253],{"class":61},[47,72353,590],{"class":83},[47,72355,62],{"class":61},[47,72357,32627],{"class":65},[47,72359,253],{"class":61},[47,72361,3030],{"class":83},[47,72363,72364,72366,72368,72370,72372,72374,72376,72378],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,72365,7209],{"class":53},[47,72367,84],{"class":83},[47,72369,34197],{"class":87},[47,72371,101],{"class":83},[47,72373,253],{"class":61},[47,72375,288],{"class":65},[47,72377,253],{"class":61},[47,72379,107],{"class":83},[47,72381,72382,72384,72386,72388],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,72383,98],{"class":97},[47,72385,101],{"class":83},[47,72387,7209],{"class":87},[47,72389,107],{"class":83},[20,72391,338],{},[38,72393,72395],{"className":40,"code":72394,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72396,72397],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72398,72399,72401,72403,72405,72407,72409,72411,72413,72415],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72400,3296],{"class":83},[47,72402,2693],{"class":61},[47,72404,3475],{"class":65},[47,72406,2693],{"class":61},[47,72408,590],{"class":83},[47,72410,2688],{"class":61},[47,72412,32627],{"class":65},[47,72414,2693],{"class":61},[47,72416,3030],{"class":83},[20,72418,45444,72419,1032],{},[15,72420,12162],{},[38,72422,72424],{"className":40,"code":72423,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,72425,72426,72458,72477,72481,72491],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72427,72428,72430,72432,72434,72436,72438,72440,72442,72444,72446,72448,72450,72452,72454,72456],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72429,7178],{"class":53},[47,72431,58],{"class":57},[47,72433,3017],{"class":83},[47,72435,253],{"class":61},[47,72437,3475],{"class":65},[47,72439,253],{"class":61},[47,72441,590],{"class":83},[47,72443,62],{"class":61},[47,72445,288],{"class":65},[47,72447,253],{"class":61},[47,72449,590],{"class":83},[47,72451,62],{"class":61},[47,72453,32627],{"class":65},[47,72455,253],{"class":61},[47,72457,3030],{"class":83},[47,72459,72460,72463,72465,72467,72469,72471,72473,72475],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,72461,72462],{"class":53},"removed_item ",[47,72464,58],{"class":57},[47,72466,5367],{"class":53},[47,72468,84],{"class":83},[47,72470,25645],{"class":87},[47,72472,101],{"class":83},[47,72474,2377],{"class":586},[47,72476,107],{"class":83},[47,72478,72479],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,72480,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,72482,72483,72485,72487,72489],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,72484,98],{"class":97},[47,72486,101],{"class":83},[47,72488,7209],{"class":87},[47,72490,107],{"class":83},[47,72492,72493,72495,72497,72500],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,72494,98],{"class":97},[47,72496,101],{"class":83},[47,72498,72499],{"class":87},"removed_item",[47,72501,107],{"class":83},[20,72503,338],{},[38,72505,72507],{"className":40,"code":72506,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,72508,72509,72529],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72510,72511,72513,72515,72517,72519,72521,72523,72525,72527],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72512,3296],{"class":83},[47,72514,2693],{"class":61},[47,72516,3475],{"class":65},[47,72518,2693],{"class":61},[47,72520,590],{"class":83},[47,72522,2688],{"class":61},[47,72524,32627],{"class":65},[47,72526,2693],{"class":61},[47,72528,3030],{"class":83},[47,72530,72531],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,72532,348],{"class":53},[20,72534,1486,72535,72537],{},[15,72536,54934],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,72539,1486,72540,72542],{},[15,72541,12162],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,72544,72545,72546,84],{},"For more detail, see the ",[154,72547,72548],{"href":54484},"Python list pop() method",[33,72550,72552],{"id":72551},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,72554,72555,1063,72557,72559],{},[15,72556,54934],{},[15,72558,26429],{}," are also different.",[133,72561,72562,72567,72572,72577],{},[136,72563,72564,72566],{},[15,72565,54934],{}," deletes by matching value",[136,72568,72569,72571],{},[15,72570,26429],{}," deletes by index or slice",[136,72573,1486,72574,72576],{},[15,72575,26429],{}," when you know the position",[136,72578,1486,72579,72581],{},[15,72580,54934],{}," when you know the item value",[20,72583,45444,72584,1032],{},[15,72585,26429],{},[38,72587,72589],{"className":40,"code":72588,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72590,72591,72623,72635],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72592,72593,72595,72597,72599,72601,72603,72605,72607,72609,72611,72613,72615,72617,72619,72621],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72594,7178],{"class":53},[47,72596,58],{"class":57},[47,72598,3017],{"class":83},[47,72600,253],{"class":61},[47,72602,3475],{"class":65},[47,72604,253],{"class":61},[47,72606,590],{"class":83},[47,72608,62],{"class":61},[47,72610,288],{"class":65},[47,72612,253],{"class":61},[47,72614,590],{"class":83},[47,72616,62],{"class":61},[47,72618,32627],{"class":65},[47,72620,253],{"class":61},[47,72622,3030],{"class":83},[47,72624,72625,72627,72629,72631,72633],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,72626,26429],{"class":655},[47,72628,5367],{"class":53},[47,72630,3296],{"class":83},[47,72632,2377],{"class":586},[47,72634,3030],{"class":83},[47,72636,72637,72639,72641,72643],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,72638,98],{"class":97},[47,72640,101],{"class":83},[47,72642,7209],{"class":87},[47,72644,107],{"class":83},[20,72646,338],{},[38,72648,72649],{"className":40,"code":72394,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,72650,72651],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72652,72653,72655,72657,72659,72661,72663,72665,72667,72669],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72654,3296],{"class":83},[47,72656,2693],{"class":61},[47,72658,3475],{"class":65},[47,72660,2693],{"class":61},[47,72662,590],{"class":83},[47,72664,2688],{"class":61},[47,72666,32627],{"class":65},[47,72668,2693],{"class":61},[47,72670,3030],{"class":83},[20,72672,72673,72674,72676,72677,72679],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,72675,2377],{},", not the value ",[15,72678,64680],{}," directly.",[20,72681,72682,72683,84],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[154,72684,54473],{"href":54472},[33,72686,722],{"id":721},[20,72688,20613,72689,1032],{},[15,72690,54934],{},[133,72692,72693,72696,72701,72708,72717],{},[136,72694,72695],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[136,72697,7852,72698,72700],{},[15,72699,54934],{}," to delete all matching values",[136,72702,11994,72703,72705,72706],{},[15,72704,54934],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,72707,3174],{},[136,72709,7816,72710,44033,72712,158,72714,72716],{},[15,72711,54934],{},[15,72713,12162],{},[15,72715,26429],{}," would be a better fit",[136,72718,72719],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,72721,70911],{},[38,72723,72725],{"className":40,"code":72724,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,72726,72727,72737,72751,72769,72783],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72728,72729,72731,72733,72735],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72730,98],{"class":97},[47,72732,101],{"class":83},[47,72734,7737],{"class":87},[47,72736,107],{"class":83},[47,72738,72739,72741,72743,72745,72747,72749],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,72740,98],{"class":97},[47,72742,101],{"class":83},[47,72744,1836],{"class":87},[47,72746,3278],{"class":655},[47,72748,7794],{"class":87},[47,72750,107],{"class":83},[47,72752,72753,72755,72757,72759,72761,72763,72765,72767],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,72754,98],{"class":97},[47,72756,101],{"class":83},[47,72758,7737],{"class":87},[47,72760,84],{"class":83},[47,72762,40663],{"class":87},[47,72764,101],{"class":83},[47,72766,1863],{"class":87},[47,72768,1419],{"class":83},[47,72770,72771,72773,72775,72777,72779,72781],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,72772,98],{"class":97},[47,72774,101],{"class":83},[47,72776,2613],{"class":919},[47,72778,101],{"class":83},[47,72780,7737],{"class":87},[47,72782,1419],{"class":83},[47,72784,72785,72787,72789,72791,72793,72795],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,72786,31558],{"class":97},[47,72788,101],{"class":83},[47,72790,7492],{"class":919},[47,72792,84],{"class":83},[47,72794,34197],{"class":24153},[47,72796,107],{"class":83},[20,72798,72799],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[133,72801,72802,72805,72808,72811],{},[136,72803,72804],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[136,72806,72807],{},"How many times does it appear?",[136,72809,72810],{},"Am I working with a list?",[136,72812,72813],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,72815,72816,72817,72819],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[154,72818,71075],{"href":58371}," may also help.",[33,72821,1155],{"id":1154},[724,72823,72825],{"id":72824},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,72827,72828],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[724,72830,72832],{"id":72831},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,72834,4546,72835,72837],{},[15,72836,3174],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[724,72839,72841],{"id":72840},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,72843,72844,72845,72848,72849,84],{},"Check with ",[15,72846,72847],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,72850,54934],{},[724,72852,72854],{"id":72853},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,72856,1486,72857,72859,72860,72862],{},[15,72858,54934],{}," for a value and ",[15,72861,12162],{}," for an index.",[33,72864,1275],{"id":1274},[133,72866,72867,72871,72875,72879,72883],{},[136,72868,72869],{},[154,72870,54920],{"href":54472},[136,72872,72873],{},[154,72874,72548],{"href":54484},[136,72876,72877],{},[154,72878,71075],{"href":58371},[136,72880,72881],{},[154,72882,65245],{"href":72283},[136,72884,72885],{},[154,72886,72888],{"href":72887},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1320,72890,72891],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":72893},[72894,72895,72896,72897,72898,72899,72900,72901,72902,72903,72909],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":71220,"depth":72,"text":71221},{"id":4830,"depth":72,"text":4831},{"id":5187,"depth":72,"text":5188},{"id":71673,"depth":72,"text":71674},{"id":65035,"depth":72,"text":65036},{"id":72286,"depth":72,"text":72287},{"id":72551,"depth":72,"text":72552},{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":72904},[72905,72906,72907,72908],{"id":72824,"depth":94,"text":72825},{"id":72831,"depth":94,"text":72832},{"id":72840,"depth":94,"text":72841},{"id":72853,"depth":94,"text":72854},{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71123,"description":72910},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":72917,"title":72918,"body":72919,"description":74810,"extension":1354,"meta":74811,"navigation":311,"path":74812,"seo":74813,"stem":74814,"__hash__":74815},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":72920,"toc":74780},[72921,72927,72933,72936,72947,72949,72998,73003,73008,73012,73027,73029,73094,73096,73137,73139,73141,73156,73158,73169,73171,73228,73230,73263,73265,73268,73317,73319,73344,73346,73362,73368,73375,73436,73438,73471,73476,73479,73559,73561,73622,73628,73632,73635,73699,73701,73726,73728,73748,73750,73799,73801,73822,73831,73834,73838,73843,73888,73890,73911,73917,73922,73930,73994,73996,74033,74039,74043,74050,74115,74117,74154,74158,74175,74185,74190,74195,74206,74213,74215,74221,74244,74247,74274,74279,74282,74383,74385,74440,74443,74550,74552,74623,74626,74652,74654,74659,74663,74671,74676,74681,74687,74692,74696,74699,74716,74719,74739,74747,74749,74777],[10,72922,53747,72924,18],{"id":72923},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,72925,72926],{},"reverse()",[20,72928,72929,72932],{},[15,72930,72931],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,72934,72935],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,72937,72938,72939,72941,72942,72946],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,72940,72926],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[154,72943,72945],{"href":72944},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[33,72948,3002],{"id":3001},[38,72950,72952],{"className":40,"code":72951,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,72953,72954,72974,72985],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72955,72956,72958,72960,72962,72964,72966,72968,72970,72972],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72957,3012],{"class":53},[47,72959,58],{"class":57},[47,72961,3017],{"class":83},[47,72963,2377],{"class":586},[47,72965,590],{"class":83},[47,72967,2382],{"class":586},[47,72969,590],{"class":83},[47,72971,1841],{"class":586},[47,72973,3030],{"class":83},[47,72975,72976,72978,72980,72983],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,72977,3044],{"class":53},[47,72979,84],{"class":83},[47,72981,72982],{"class":87},"reverse",[47,72984,91],{"class":83},[47,72986,72987,72989,72991,72993,72995],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,72988,98],{"class":97},[47,72990,101],{"class":83},[47,72992,3044],{"class":87},[47,72994,3057],{"class":83},[47,72996,72997],{"class":113},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,72999,73000,73002],{},[15,73001,72926],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[33,73004,128,73006,131],{"id":73005},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73007,72931],{},[20,73009,73010,1032],{},[15,73011,72931],{},[133,73013,73014,73017,73020,73024],{},[136,73015,73016],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[136,73018,73019],{},"Changes the original list directly",[136,73021,10824,73022],{},[15,73023,3174],{},[136,73025,73026],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73028,538],{},[38,73030,73032],{"className":40,"code":73031,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73033,73034,73074,73084],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73035,73036,73038,73040,73042,73044,73046,73048,73050,73052,73054,73056,73058,73060,73062,73064,73066,73068,73070,73072],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73037,35494],{"class":53},[47,73039,58],{"class":57},[47,73041,3017],{"class":83},[47,73043,253],{"class":61},[47,73045,154],{"class":65},[47,73047,253],{"class":61},[47,73049,590],{"class":83},[47,73051,62],{"class":61},[47,73053,4158],{"class":65},[47,73055,253],{"class":61},[47,73057,590],{"class":83},[47,73059,62],{"class":61},[47,73061,9138],{"class":65},[47,73063,253],{"class":61},[47,73065,590],{"class":83},[47,73067,62],{"class":61},[47,73069,18170],{"class":65},[47,73071,253],{"class":61},[47,73073,3030],{"class":83},[47,73075,73076,73078,73080,73082],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,73077,35547],{"class":53},[47,73079,84],{"class":83},[47,73081,72982],{"class":87},[47,73083,91],{"class":83},[47,73085,73086,73088,73090,73092],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,73087,98],{"class":97},[47,73089,101],{"class":83},[47,73091,35547],{"class":87},[47,73093,107],{"class":83},[20,73095,338],{},[38,73097,73099],{"className":40,"code":73098,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73100,73101],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73102,73103,73105,73107,73109,73111,73113,73115,73117,73119,73121,73123,73125,73127,73129,73131,73133,73135],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73104,3296],{"class":83},[47,73106,2693],{"class":61},[47,73108,18170],{"class":65},[47,73110,2693],{"class":61},[47,73112,590],{"class":83},[47,73114,2688],{"class":61},[47,73116,9138],{"class":65},[47,73118,2693],{"class":61},[47,73120,590],{"class":83},[47,73122,2688],{"class":61},[47,73124,4158],{"class":65},[47,73126,2693],{"class":61},[47,73128,590],{"class":83},[47,73130,2688],{"class":61},[47,73132,154],{"class":65},[47,73134,2693],{"class":61},[47,73136,3030],{"class":83},[33,73138,166],{"id":165},[20,73140,169],{},[38,73142,73144],{"className":40,"code":73143,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73145,73146],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73147,73148,73150,73152,73154],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73149,7737],{"class":53},[47,73151,84],{"class":83},[47,73153,72982],{"class":87},[47,73155,91],{"class":83},[20,73157,12452],{},[133,73159,73160,73163,73166],{},[136,73161,73162],{},"No arguments are needed",[136,73164,73165],{},"You call it on an existing list",[136,73167,73168],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73170,538],{},[38,73172,73174],{"className":40,"code":73173,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73175,73176,73208,73218],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73177,73178,73180,73182,73184,73186,73188,73190,73192,73194,73196,73198,73200,73202,73204,73206],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73179,12476],{"class":53},[47,73181,58],{"class":57},[47,73183,3017],{"class":83},[47,73185,253],{"class":61},[47,73187,12493],{"class":65},[47,73189,253],{"class":61},[47,73191,590],{"class":83},[47,73193,62],{"class":61},[47,73195,16858],{"class":65},[47,73197,253],{"class":61},[47,73199,590],{"class":83},[47,73201,62],{"class":61},[47,73203,12510],{"class":65},[47,73205,253],{"class":61},[47,73207,3030],{"class":83},[47,73209,73210,73212,73214,73216],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,73211,16905],{"class":53},[47,73213,84],{"class":83},[47,73215,72982],{"class":87},[47,73217,91],{"class":83},[47,73219,73220,73222,73224,73226],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,73221,98],{"class":97},[47,73223,101],{"class":83},[47,73225,16905],{"class":87},[47,73227,107],{"class":83},[20,73229,338],{},[38,73231,73233],{"className":40,"code":73232,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73234,73235],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73236,73237,73239,73241,73243,73245,73247,73249,73251,73253,73255,73257,73259,73261],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73238,3296],{"class":83},[47,73240,2693],{"class":61},[47,73242,12510],{"class":65},[47,73244,2693],{"class":61},[47,73246,590],{"class":83},[47,73248,2688],{"class":61},[47,73250,16858],{"class":65},[47,73252,2693],{"class":61},[47,73254,590],{"class":83},[47,73256,2688],{"class":61},[47,73258,12493],{"class":65},[47,73260,2693],{"class":61},[47,73262,3030],{"class":83},[33,73264,268],{"id":267},[20,73266,73267],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[38,73269,73271],{"className":40,"code":73270,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73272,73273,73297,73307],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73274,73275,73277,73279,73281,73283,73285,73287,73289,73291,73293,73295],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73276,3012],{"class":53},[47,73278,58],{"class":57},[47,73280,3017],{"class":83},[47,73282,1719],{"class":586},[47,73284,590],{"class":83},[47,73286,7189],{"class":586},[47,73288,590],{"class":83},[47,73290,7194],{"class":586},[47,73292,590],{"class":83},[47,73294,50248],{"class":586},[47,73296,3030],{"class":83},[47,73298,73299,73301,73303,73305],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,73300,3044],{"class":53},[47,73302,84],{"class":83},[47,73304,72982],{"class":87},[47,73306,91],{"class":83},[47,73308,73309,73311,73313,73315],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,73310,98],{"class":97},[47,73312,101],{"class":83},[47,73314,3044],{"class":87},[47,73316,107],{"class":83},[20,73318,338],{},[38,73320,73322],{"className":40,"code":73321,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73323,73324],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73325,73326,73328,73330,73332,73334,73336,73338,73340,73342],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73327,3296],{"class":83},[47,73329,56098],{"class":586},[47,73331,590],{"class":83},[47,73333,7194],{"class":586},[47,73335,590],{"class":83},[47,73337,7189],{"class":586},[47,73339,590],{"class":83},[47,73341,5405],{"class":586},[47,73343,3030],{"class":83},[20,73345,11082],{},[133,73347,73348,73354,73359],{},[136,73349,73350,73351],{},"The list starts as ",[15,73352,73353],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[136,73355,73356,73358],{},[15,73357,72926],{}," flips the order",[136,73360,73361],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[33,73363,73365,73367],{"id":73364},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,73366,72926],{}," changes the original list",[20,73369,73370,73371,73374],{},"This method is ",[121,73372,73373],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[38,73376,73378],{"className":40,"code":73377,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,73379,73380,73412,73422,73426],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73381,73382,73384,73386,73388,73390,73392,73394,73396,73398,73400,73402,73404,73406,73408,73410],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73383,35643],{"class":53},[47,73385,58],{"class":57},[47,73387,3017],{"class":83},[47,73389,253],{"class":61},[47,73391,3475],{"class":65},[47,73393,253],{"class":61},[47,73395,590],{"class":83},[47,73397,62],{"class":61},[47,73399,288],{"class":65},[47,73401,253],{"class":61},[47,73403,590],{"class":83},[47,73405,62],{"class":61},[47,73407,3492],{"class":65},[47,73409,253],{"class":61},[47,73411,3030],{"class":83},[47,73413,73414,73416,73418,73420],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,73415,35695],{"class":53},[47,73417,84],{"class":83},[47,73419,72982],{"class":87},[47,73421,91],{"class":83},[47,73423,73424],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,73425,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,73427,73428,73430,73432,73434],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,73429,98],{"class":97},[47,73431,101],{"class":83},[47,73433,35695],{"class":87},[47,73435,107],{"class":83},[20,73437,338],{},[38,73439,73441],{"className":40,"code":73440,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73442,73443],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73444,73445,73447,73449,73451,73453,73455,73457,73459,73461,73463,73465,73467,73469],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73446,3296],{"class":83},[47,73448,2693],{"class":61},[47,73450,3492],{"class":65},[47,73452,2693],{"class":61},[47,73454,590],{"class":83},[47,73456,2688],{"class":61},[47,73458,288],{"class":65},[47,73460,2693],{"class":61},[47,73462,590],{"class":83},[47,73464,2688],{"class":61},[47,73466,3475],{"class":65},[47,73468,2693],{"class":61},[47,73470,3030],{"class":83},[20,73472,1486,73473,73475],{},[15,73474,72926],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,73477,73478],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[38,73480,73482],{"className":40,"code":73481,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,73483,73484,73516,73534,73538,73548],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73485,73486,73488,73490,73492,73494,73496,73498,73500,73502,73504,73506,73508,73510,73512,73514],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73487,35643],{"class":53},[47,73489,58],{"class":57},[47,73491,3017],{"class":83},[47,73493,253],{"class":61},[47,73495,3475],{"class":65},[47,73497,253],{"class":61},[47,73499,590],{"class":83},[47,73501,62],{"class":61},[47,73503,288],{"class":65},[47,73505,253],{"class":61},[47,73507,590],{"class":83},[47,73509,62],{"class":61},[47,73511,3492],{"class":65},[47,73513,253],{"class":61},[47,73515,3030],{"class":83},[47,73517,73518,73521,73523,73525,73528,73530,73532],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,73519,73520],{"class":53},"reversed_fruits ",[47,73522,58],{"class":57},[47,73524,52256],{"class":53},[47,73526,73527],{"class":83},"[::",[47,73529,1413],{"class":57},[47,73531,2377],{"class":586},[47,73533,3030],{"class":83},[47,73535,73536],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,73537,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,73539,73540,73542,73544,73546],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,73541,98],{"class":97},[47,73543,101],{"class":83},[47,73545,35695],{"class":87},[47,73547,107],{"class":83},[47,73549,73550,73552,73554,73557],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,73551,98],{"class":97},[47,73553,101],{"class":83},[47,73555,73556],{"class":87},"reversed_fruits",[47,73558,107],{"class":83},[20,73560,338],{},[38,73562,73564],{"className":40,"code":73563,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73565,73566,73594],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73567,73568,73570,73572,73574,73576,73578,73580,73582,73584,73586,73588,73590,73592],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73569,3296],{"class":83},[47,73571,2693],{"class":61},[47,73573,3475],{"class":65},[47,73575,2693],{"class":61},[47,73577,590],{"class":83},[47,73579,2688],{"class":61},[47,73581,288],{"class":65},[47,73583,2693],{"class":61},[47,73585,590],{"class":83},[47,73587,2688],{"class":61},[47,73589,3492],{"class":65},[47,73591,2693],{"class":61},[47,73593,3030],{"class":83},[47,73595,73596,73598,73600,73602,73604,73606,73608,73610,73612,73614,73616,73618,73620],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,73597,3296],{"class":83},[47,73599,2693],{"class":61},[47,73601,3492],{"class":65},[47,73603,2693],{"class":61},[47,73605,590],{"class":83},[47,73607,2688],{"class":61},[47,73609,288],{"class":65},[47,73611,2693],{"class":61},[47,73613,590],{"class":83},[47,73615,2688],{"class":61},[47,73617,3475],{"class":65},[47,73619,2693],{"class":61},[47,73621,3030],{"class":83},[20,73623,73624,73625,84],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[154,73626,73627],{"href":72944},"Python list slicing explained",[33,73629,73631],{"id":73630},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,73633,73634],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[38,73636,73638],{"className":40,"code":73637,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73639,73640,73660,73674,73678,73689],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73641,73642,73644,73646,73648,73650,73652,73654,73656,73658],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73643,3012],{"class":53},[47,73645,58],{"class":57},[47,73647,3017],{"class":83},[47,73649,2377],{"class":586},[47,73651,590],{"class":83},[47,73653,2382],{"class":586},[47,73655,590],{"class":83},[47,73657,1841],{"class":586},[47,73659,3030],{"class":83},[47,73661,73662,73664,73666,73668,73670,73672],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,73663,55295],{"class":53},[47,73665,58],{"class":57},[47,73667,3659],{"class":53},[47,73669,84],{"class":83},[47,73671,72982],{"class":87},[47,73673,91],{"class":83},[47,73675,73676],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,73677,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,73679,73680,73682,73684,73687],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,73681,98],{"class":97},[47,73683,101],{"class":83},[47,73685,73686],{"class":87},"new_list",[47,73688,107],{"class":83},[47,73690,73691,73693,73695,73697],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,73692,98],{"class":97},[47,73694,101],{"class":83},[47,73696,3044],{"class":87},[47,73698,107],{"class":83},[20,73700,338],{},[38,73702,73704],{"className":40,"code":73703,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73705,73706,73710],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73707,73708],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73709,11207],{"class":1271},[47,73711,73712,73714,73716,73718,73720,73722,73724],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,73713,3296],{"class":83},[47,73715,1455],{"class":586},[47,73717,590],{"class":83},[47,73719,2382],{"class":586},[47,73721,590],{"class":83},[47,73723,4898],{"class":586},[47,73725,3030],{"class":83},[20,73727,11299],{},[133,73729,73730,73738,73742],{},[136,73731,73732,73734,73735,73737],{},[15,73733,72926],{}," changes ",[15,73736,3044],{}," directly",[136,73739,40309,73740,71244],{},[121,73741,123],{},[136,73743,53058,73744,41558,73746],{},[15,73745,73686],{},[15,73747,3174],{},[20,73749,61303],{},[38,73751,73753],{"className":40,"code":73752,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73754,73755,73775,73785,73789],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73756,73757,73759,73761,73763,73765,73767,73769,73771,73773],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73758,3012],{"class":53},[47,73760,58],{"class":57},[47,73762,3017],{"class":83},[47,73764,2377],{"class":586},[47,73766,590],{"class":83},[47,73768,2382],{"class":586},[47,73770,590],{"class":83},[47,73772,1841],{"class":586},[47,73774,3030],{"class":83},[47,73776,73777,73779,73781,73783],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,73778,3044],{"class":53},[47,73780,84],{"class":83},[47,73782,72982],{"class":87},[47,73784,91],{"class":83},[47,73786,73787],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,73788,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,73790,73791,73793,73795,73797],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,73792,98],{"class":97},[47,73794,101],{"class":83},[47,73796,3044],{"class":87},[47,73798,107],{"class":83},[20,73800,338],{},[38,73802,73804],{"className":40,"code":73803,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73805,73806],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73807,73808,73810,73812,73814,73816,73818,73820],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73809,3296],{"class":83},[47,73811,1455],{"class":586},[47,73813,590],{"class":83},[47,73815,2382],{"class":586},[47,73817,590],{"class":83},[47,73819,4898],{"class":586},[47,73821,3030],{"class":83},[33,73823,73825,9985,73827,73830],{"id":73824},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,73826,72926],{},[15,73828,73829],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,73832,73833],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[724,73835,73836],{"id":72982},[15,73837,72926],{},[20,73839,73840,73842],{},[15,73841,72926],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[38,73844,73846],{"className":40,"code":73845,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73847,73848,73868,73878],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73849,73850,73852,73854,73856,73858,73860,73862,73864,73866],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73851,3012],{"class":53},[47,73853,58],{"class":57},[47,73855,3017],{"class":83},[47,73857,1455],{"class":586},[47,73859,590],{"class":83},[47,73861,4898],{"class":586},[47,73863,590],{"class":83},[47,73865,2382],{"class":586},[47,73867,3030],{"class":83},[47,73869,73870,73872,73874,73876],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,73871,3044],{"class":53},[47,73873,84],{"class":83},[47,73875,72982],{"class":87},[47,73877,91],{"class":83},[47,73879,73880,73882,73884,73886],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,73881,98],{"class":97},[47,73883,101],{"class":83},[47,73885,3044],{"class":87},[47,73887,107],{"class":83},[20,73889,338],{},[38,73891,73893],{"className":40,"code":73892,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,73894,73895],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73896,73897,73899,73901,73903,73905,73907,73909],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73898,3296],{"class":83},[47,73900,1449],{"class":586},[47,73902,590],{"class":83},[47,73904,4898],{"class":586},[47,73906,590],{"class":83},[47,73908,1841],{"class":586},[47,73910,3030],{"class":83},[20,73912,73913,73914,73916],{},"Notice that this is ",[121,73915,123],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[724,73918,73920],{"id":73919},"sorted",[15,73921,73829],{},[20,73923,73924,73929],{},[154,73925,73927],{"href":73926},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,73928,73829],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[38,73931,73933],{"className":40,"code":73932,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,73934,73935,73955,73970,73974,73984],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73936,73937,73939,73941,73943,73945,73947,73949,73951,73953],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73938,3012],{"class":53},[47,73940,58],{"class":57},[47,73942,3017],{"class":83},[47,73944,1455],{"class":586},[47,73946,590],{"class":83},[47,73948,4898],{"class":586},[47,73950,590],{"class":83},[47,73952,2382],{"class":586},[47,73954,3030],{"class":83},[47,73956,73957,73959,73961,73964,73966,73968],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,73958,75],{"class":53},[47,73960,58],{"class":57},[47,73962,73963],{"class":97}," sorted",[47,73965,101],{"class":83},[47,73967,3044],{"class":87},[47,73969,107],{"class":83},[47,73971,73972],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,73973,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,73975,73976,73978,73980,73982],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,73977,98],{"class":97},[47,73979,101],{"class":83},[47,73981,3044],{"class":87},[47,73983,107],{"class":83},[47,73985,73986,73988,73990,73992],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,73987,98],{"class":97},[47,73989,101],{"class":83},[47,73991,104],{"class":87},[47,73993,107],{"class":83},[20,73995,338],{},[38,73997,73999],{"className":40,"code":73998,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74000,74001,74017],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74002,74003,74005,74007,74009,74011,74013,74015],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74004,3296],{"class":83},[47,74006,1455],{"class":586},[47,74008,590],{"class":83},[47,74010,4898],{"class":586},[47,74012,590],{"class":83},[47,74014,2382],{"class":586},[47,74016,3030],{"class":83},[47,74018,74019,74021,74023,74025,74027,74029,74031],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,74020,3296],{"class":83},[47,74022,2377],{"class":586},[47,74024,590],{"class":83},[47,74026,2382],{"class":586},[47,74028,590],{"class":83},[47,74030,1841],{"class":586},[47,74032,3030],{"class":83},[20,74034,74035,74036,84],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74037,74038],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[724,74040,74042],{"id":74041},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74044,74045,74046,74049],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74047,74048],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[38,74051,74053],{"className":40,"code":74052,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74054,74055,74075,74091,74095,74105],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74056,74057,74059,74061,74063,74065,74067,74069,74071,74073],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74058,3012],{"class":53},[47,74060,58],{"class":57},[47,74062,3017],{"class":83},[47,74064,1455],{"class":586},[47,74066,590],{"class":83},[47,74068,4898],{"class":586},[47,74070,590],{"class":83},[47,74072,2382],{"class":586},[47,74074,3030],{"class":83},[47,74076,74077,74079,74081,74083,74085,74087,74089],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,74078,75],{"class":53},[47,74080,58],{"class":57},[47,74082,3659],{"class":53},[47,74084,73527],{"class":83},[47,74086,1413],{"class":57},[47,74088,2377],{"class":586},[47,74090,3030],{"class":83},[47,74092,74093],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,74094,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,74096,74097,74099,74101,74103],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,74098,98],{"class":97},[47,74100,101],{"class":83},[47,74102,3044],{"class":87},[47,74104,107],{"class":83},[47,74106,74107,74109,74111,74113],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,74108,98],{"class":97},[47,74110,101],{"class":83},[47,74112,104],{"class":87},[47,74114,107],{"class":83},[20,74116,338],{},[38,74118,74120],{"className":40,"code":74119,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74121,74122,74138],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74123,74124,74126,74128,74130,74132,74134,74136],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74125,3296],{"class":83},[47,74127,1455],{"class":586},[47,74129,590],{"class":83},[47,74131,4898],{"class":586},[47,74133,590],{"class":83},[47,74135,2382],{"class":586},[47,74137,3030],{"class":83},[47,74139,74140,74142,74144,74146,74148,74150,74152],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,74141,3296],{"class":83},[47,74143,1449],{"class":586},[47,74145,590],{"class":83},[47,74147,4898],{"class":586},[47,74149,590],{"class":83},[47,74151,1841],{"class":586},[47,74153,3030],{"class":83},[724,74155,74157],{"id":74156},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[133,74159,74160,74165,74170],{},[136,74161,1486,74162,74164],{},[15,74163,72926],{}," when you want to change the original list",[136,74166,1486,74167,74169],{},[15,74168,74048],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[136,74171,1486,74172,74174],{},[15,74173,73829],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74176,74177,74178,74184],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[154,74179,74181,74182,1289],{"href":74180},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74183,63717],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[33,74186,603,74188],{"id":74187},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74189,72926],{},[20,74191,74192,74194],{},[15,74193,72926],{}," is a good choice:",[133,74196,74197,74200,74203],{},[136,74198,74199],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[136,74201,74202],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[136,74204,74205],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74207,74208,74209,84],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[154,74210,74212],{"href":74211},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[33,74214,722],{"id":721},[20,74216,74217,74218,74220],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74219,72926],{}," for these reasons:",[133,74222,74223,74227,74232,74237],{},[136,74224,11994,74225,11997],{},[15,74226,72926],{},[136,74228,7852,74229,74231],{},[15,74230,72926],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[136,74233,7816,74234,74236],{},[15,74235,72926],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[136,74238,946,74239,8101,74241],{},[15,74240,72926],{},[15,74242,74243],{},"reversed()",[20,74245,74246],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[38,74248,74250],{"className":40,"code":74249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74251,74252,74264],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74253,74254,74256,74258,74260,74262],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74255,54],{"class":53},[47,74257,58],{"class":57},[47,74259,62],{"class":61},[47,74261,256],{"class":65},[47,74263,69],{"class":61},[47,74265,74266,74268,74270,74272],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,74267,565],{"class":53},[47,74269,84],{"class":83},[47,74271,72982],{"class":87},[47,74273,91],{"class":83},[20,74275,74276,74277,894],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74278,72926],{},[20,74280,74281],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[38,74283,74285],{"className":40,"code":74284,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74286,74287,74307,74311,74321,74335,74339,74353,74363,74367],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74288,74289,74291,74293,74295,74297,74299,74301,74303,74305],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74290,7706],{"class":53},[47,74292,58],{"class":57},[47,74294,3017],{"class":83},[47,74296,2377],{"class":586},[47,74298,590],{"class":83},[47,74300,2382],{"class":586},[47,74302,590],{"class":83},[47,74304,1841],{"class":586},[47,74306,3030],{"class":83},[47,74308,74309],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,74310,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,74312,74313,74315,74317,74319],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,74314,98],{"class":97},[47,74316,101],{"class":83},[47,74318,7737],{"class":87},[47,74320,107],{"class":83},[47,74322,74323,74325,74327,74329,74331,74333],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,74324,98],{"class":97},[47,74326,101],{"class":83},[47,74328,2613],{"class":919},[47,74330,101],{"class":83},[47,74332,7737],{"class":87},[47,74334,1419],{"class":83},[47,74336,74337],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,74338,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,74340,74341,74343,74345,74347,74349,74351],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,74342,75],{"class":53},[47,74344,58],{"class":57},[47,74346,7794],{"class":53},[47,74348,84],{"class":83},[47,74350,72982],{"class":87},[47,74352,91],{"class":83},[47,74354,74355,74357,74359,74361],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,74356,98],{"class":97},[47,74358,101],{"class":83},[47,74360,104],{"class":87},[47,74362,107],{"class":83},[47,74364,74365],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,74366,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,74368,74369,74371,74373,74375,74377,74379,74381],{"class":49,"line":5831},[47,74370,98],{"class":97},[47,74372,101],{"class":83},[47,74374,7737],{"class":87},[47,74376,73527],{"class":83},[47,74378,1413],{"class":57},[47,74380,2377],{"class":586},[47,74382,3284],{"class":83},[20,74384,338],{},[38,74386,74388],{"className":40,"code":74387,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,74389,74390,74406,74420,74424],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74391,74392,74394,74396,74398,74400,74402,74404],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74393,3296],{"class":83},[47,74395,2377],{"class":586},[47,74397,590],{"class":83},[47,74399,2382],{"class":586},[47,74401,590],{"class":83},[47,74403,1841],{"class":586},[47,74405,3030],{"class":83},[47,74407,74408,74410,74412,74414,74416,74418],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,74409,2682],{"class":57},[47,74411,2685],{"class":1458},[47,74413,2688],{"class":61},[47,74415,7492],{"class":65},[47,74417,2693],{"class":61},[47,74419,2696],{"class":57},[47,74421,74422],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,74423,11207],{"class":1271},[47,74425,74426,74428,74430,74432,74434,74436,74438],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,74427,3296],{"class":83},[47,74429,2377],{"class":586},[47,74431,590],{"class":83},[47,74433,2382],{"class":586},[47,74435,590],{"class":83},[47,74437,4898],{"class":586},[47,74439,3030],{"class":83},[20,74441,74442],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[38,74444,74446],{"className":40,"code":74445,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74447,74448,74468,74472,74482,74496,74500,74514,74524,74534],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74449,74450,74452,74454,74456,74458,74460,74462,74464,74466],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74451,7706],{"class":53},[47,74453,58],{"class":57},[47,74455,3017],{"class":83},[47,74457,2377],{"class":586},[47,74459,590],{"class":83},[47,74461,2382],{"class":586},[47,74463,590],{"class":83},[47,74465,1841],{"class":586},[47,74467,3030],{"class":83},[47,74469,74470],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,74471,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,74473,74474,74476,74478,74480],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,74475,98],{"class":97},[47,74477,101],{"class":83},[47,74479,7737],{"class":87},[47,74481,107],{"class":83},[47,74483,74484,74486,74488,74490,74492,74494],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,74485,98],{"class":97},[47,74487,101],{"class":83},[47,74489,2613],{"class":919},[47,74491,101],{"class":83},[47,74493,7737],{"class":87},[47,74495,1419],{"class":83},[47,74497,74498],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,74499,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,74501,74502,74504,74506,74508,74510,74512],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,74503,75],{"class":53},[47,74505,58],{"class":57},[47,74507,7794],{"class":53},[47,74509,84],{"class":83},[47,74511,72982],{"class":87},[47,74513,91],{"class":83},[47,74515,74516,74518,74520,74522],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,74517,98],{"class":97},[47,74519,101],{"class":83},[47,74521,104],{"class":87},[47,74523,107],{"class":83},[47,74525,74526,74528,74530,74532],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,74527,98],{"class":97},[47,74529,101],{"class":83},[47,74531,7737],{"class":87},[47,74533,107],{"class":83},[47,74535,74536,74538,74540,74542,74544,74546,74548],{"class":49,"line":5831},[47,74537,98],{"class":97},[47,74539,101],{"class":83},[47,74541,7737],{"class":87},[47,74543,73527],{"class":83},[47,74545,1413],{"class":57},[47,74547,2377],{"class":586},[47,74549,3284],{"class":83},[20,74551,338],{},[38,74553,74555],{"className":40,"code":74554,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74556,74557,74573,74587,74591,74607],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74558,74559,74561,74563,74565,74567,74569,74571],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74560,3296],{"class":83},[47,74562,2377],{"class":586},[47,74564,590],{"class":83},[47,74566,2382],{"class":586},[47,74568,590],{"class":83},[47,74570,1841],{"class":586},[47,74572,3030],{"class":83},[47,74574,74575,74577,74579,74581,74583,74585],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,74576,2682],{"class":57},[47,74578,2685],{"class":1458},[47,74580,2688],{"class":61},[47,74582,7492],{"class":65},[47,74584,2693],{"class":61},[47,74586,2696],{"class":57},[47,74588,74589],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,74590,11207],{"class":1271},[47,74592,74593,74595,74597,74599,74601,74603,74605],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,74594,3296],{"class":83},[47,74596,1455],{"class":586},[47,74598,590],{"class":83},[47,74600,2382],{"class":586},[47,74602,590],{"class":83},[47,74604,4898],{"class":586},[47,74606,3030],{"class":83},[47,74608,74609,74611,74613,74615,74617,74619,74621],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,74610,3296],{"class":83},[47,74612,2377],{"class":586},[47,74614,590],{"class":83},[47,74616,2382],{"class":586},[47,74618,590],{"class":83},[47,74620,1841],{"class":586},[47,74622,3030],{"class":83},[20,74624,74625],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[133,74627,74628,74637,74646],{},[136,74629,27200,74630,74633,74634],{},[15,74631,74632],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,74635,74636],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[136,74638,11315,74639,74642,74643,21962],{},[15,74640,74641],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[121,74644,74645],{},"current",[136,74647,74648,74649],{},"So it prints ",[15,74650,74651],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[33,74653,1155],{"id":1154},[724,74655,1159,74657,54874],{"id":74656},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,74658,72931],{},[20,74660,62008,74661,84],{},[15,74662,3174],{},[724,74664,33611,74666,33614,74668,1883],{"id":74665},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,74667,72926],{},[15,74669,74670],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,74672,74673,74675],{},[15,74674,72926],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,74677,74678,74680],{},[15,74679,74670],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[724,74682,1190,74684,74686],{"id":74683},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,74685,72926],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,74688,45769,74689,74691],{},[15,74690,72926],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[724,74693,74695],{"id":74694},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,74697,74698],{},"Use slicing:",[38,74700,74702],{"className":40,"code":74701,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,74703,74704],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74705,74706,74708,74710,74712,74714],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74707,7737],{"class":53},[47,74709,73527],{"class":83},[47,74711,1413],{"class":57},[47,74713,2377],{"class":586},[47,74715,3030],{"class":83},[20,74717,74718],{},"Or use:",[38,74720,74722],{"className":40,"code":74721,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,74723,74724],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74725,74726,74728,74730,74733,74735,74737],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74727,7492],{"class":919},[47,74729,101],{"class":83},[47,74731,74732],{"class":97},"reversed",[47,74734,101],{"class":83},[47,74736,7737],{"class":87},[47,74738,1419],{"class":83},[20,74740,74741,74742,74746],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[154,74743,54925,74744],{"href":54365},[15,74745,12176],{}," can also help.",[33,74748,1275],{"id":1274},[133,74750,74751,74757,74763,74767,74771],{},[136,74752,74753],{},[154,74754,54925,74755,1289],{"href":74180},[15,74756,63717],{},[136,74758,74759],{},[154,74760,2968,74761,2901],{"href":73926},[15,74762,73829],{},[136,74764,74765],{},[154,74766,74212],{"href":74211},[136,74768,74769],{},[154,74770,73627],{"href":72944},[136,74772,74773],{},[154,74774,54925,74775,1289],{"href":54365},[15,74776,12176],{},[1320,74778,74779],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":74781},[74782,74783,74785,74786,74787,74789,74790,74797,74799,74800,74809],{"id":3001,"depth":72,"text":3002},{"id":73005,"depth":72,"text":74784},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":267,"depth":72,"text":268},{"id":73364,"depth":72,"text":74788},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":73630,"depth":72,"text":73631},{"id":73824,"depth":72,"text":74791,"children":74792},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[74793,74794,74795,74796],{"id":72982,"depth":94,"text":72926},{"id":73919,"depth":94,"text":73829},{"id":74041,"depth":94,"text":74042},{"id":74156,"depth":94,"text":74157},{"id":74187,"depth":72,"text":74798},"When to use reverse()",{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":74801},[74802,74804,74806,74808],{"id":74656,"depth":94,"text":74803},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":74665,"depth":94,"text":74805},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":74683,"depth":94,"text":74807},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":74694,"depth":94,"text":74695},{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":72918,"description":74810},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":74817,"title":74818,"body":74819,"description":77252,"extension":1354,"meta":77253,"navigation":311,"path":77254,"seo":77255,"stem":77256,"__hash__":77257},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":74820,"toc":77220},[74821,74824,74836,74839,74862,74870,74872,74984,74993,74997,75000,75003,75090,75092,75125,75127,75150,75156,75160,75163,75185,75187,75204,75207,75227,75229,75339,75341,75418,75422,75425,75468,75470,75603,75605,75707,75712,75716,75719,75721,75735,75738,75852,75854,75928,75930,75958,75962,75967,75997,76000,76126,76128,76210,76216,76220,76222,76261,76270,76274,76277,76281,76328,76330,76338,76342,76393,76395,76408,76410,76424,76427,76435,76437,76484,76486,76494,76497,76540,76545,76548,76551,76574,76578,76629,76632,76653,76663,76667,76669,76699,76702,76725,76729,76732,76799,76801,76838,76841,76849,76916,76918,76955,76961,76968,76972,76975,77005,77010,77014,77017,77041,77044,77138,77148,77150,77154,77157,77161,77164,77169,77172,77178,77181,77183,77211,77217],[10,74822,74818],{"id":74823},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,74825,74826,74827,712,74829,16474,74832,74835],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,74828,35476],{},[15,74830,74831],{},"stop",[15,74833,74834],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,74837,74838],{},"The basic slice form is:",[38,74840,74842],{"className":40,"code":74841,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,74843,74844],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74845,74846,74848,74850,74852,74854,74856,74858,74860],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74847,7737],{"class":53},[47,74849,3296],{"class":83},[47,74851,35476],{"class":53},[47,74853,1032],{"class":83},[47,74855,74831],{"class":53},[47,74857,1032],{"class":83},[47,74859,74834],{"class":53},[47,74861,3030],{"class":83},[20,74863,74864,74865,74867,74868,84],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,74866,74831],{}," position is ",[121,74869,64475],{},[33,74871,36],{"id":35},[38,74873,74875],{"className":40,"code":74874,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,74876,74877,74905,74909,74930,74948,74965],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74878,74879,74881,74883,74885,74887,74889,74891,74893,74895,74897,74899,74901,74903],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74880,3012],{"class":53},[47,74882,58],{"class":57},[47,74884,3017],{"class":83},[47,74886,1719],{"class":586},[47,74888,590],{"class":83},[47,74890,7189],{"class":586},[47,74892,590],{"class":83},[47,74894,7194],{"class":586},[47,74896,590],{"class":83},[47,74898,50248],{"class":586},[47,74900,590],{"class":83},[47,74902,4478],{"class":586},[47,74904,3030],{"class":83},[47,74906,74907],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,74908,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,74910,74911,74913,74915,74917,74919,74921,74923,74925,74927],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,74912,98],{"class":97},[47,74914,101],{"class":83},[47,74916,3044],{"class":87},[47,74918,3296],{"class":83},[47,74920,2377],{"class":586},[47,74922,1032],{"class":83},[47,74924,1896],{"class":586},[47,74926,19848],{"class":83},[47,74928,74929],{"class":113},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[47,74931,74932,74934,74936,74938,74941,74943,74945],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,74933,98],{"class":97},[47,74935,101],{"class":83},[47,74937,3044],{"class":87},[47,74939,74940],{"class":83},"[:",[47,74942,1455],{"class":586},[47,74944,19848],{"class":83},[47,74946,74947],{"class":113},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[47,74949,74950,74952,74954,74956,74958,74960,74962],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,74951,98],{"class":97},[47,74953,101],{"class":83},[47,74955,3044],{"class":87},[47,74957,73527],{"class":83},[47,74959,1449],{"class":586},[47,74961,19848],{"class":83},[47,74963,74964],{"class":113},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[47,74966,74967,74969,74971,74973,74975,74977,74979,74981],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,74968,98],{"class":97},[47,74970,101],{"class":83},[47,74972,3044],{"class":87},[47,74974,73527],{"class":83},[47,74976,1413],{"class":57},[47,74978,2377],{"class":586},[47,74980,19848],{"class":83},[47,74982,74983],{"class":113},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,74985,1486,74986,74989,74990,74992],{},[15,74987,74988],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,74991,74831],{}," value is not included.",[33,74994,74996],{"id":74995},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,74998,74999],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75001,75002],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[38,75004,75006],{"className":40,"code":75005,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75007,75008,75056,75060,75079],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75009,75010,75012,75014,75016,75018,75020,75022,75024,75026,75028,75030,75032,75034,75036,75038,75040,75042,75044,75046,75048,75050,75052,75054],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75011,35494],{"class":53},[47,75013,58],{"class":57},[47,75015,3017],{"class":83},[47,75017,253],{"class":61},[47,75019,154],{"class":65},[47,75021,253],{"class":61},[47,75023,590],{"class":83},[47,75025,62],{"class":61},[47,75027,4158],{"class":65},[47,75029,253],{"class":61},[47,75031,590],{"class":83},[47,75033,62],{"class":61},[47,75035,9138],{"class":65},[47,75037,253],{"class":61},[47,75039,590],{"class":83},[47,75041,62],{"class":61},[47,75043,18170],{"class":65},[47,75045,253],{"class":61},[47,75047,590],{"class":83},[47,75049,62],{"class":61},[47,75051,59853],{"class":65},[47,75053,253],{"class":61},[47,75055,3030],{"class":83},[47,75057,75058],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,75059,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,75061,75062,75065,75067,75069,75071,75073,75075,75077],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,75063,75064],{"class":53},"part ",[47,75066,58],{"class":57},[47,75068,69502],{"class":53},[47,75070,3296],{"class":83},[47,75072,2377],{"class":586},[47,75074,1032],{"class":83},[47,75076,1896],{"class":586},[47,75078,3030],{"class":83},[47,75080,75081,75083,75085,75088],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,75082,98],{"class":97},[47,75084,101],{"class":83},[47,75086,75087],{"class":87},"part",[47,75089,107],{"class":83},[20,75091,338],{},[38,75093,75095],{"className":40,"code":75094,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75096,75097],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75098,75099,75101,75103,75105,75107,75109,75111,75113,75115,75117,75119,75121,75123],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75100,3296],{"class":83},[47,75102,2693],{"class":61},[47,75104,4158],{"class":65},[47,75106,2693],{"class":61},[47,75108,590],{"class":83},[47,75110,2688],{"class":61},[47,75112,9138],{"class":65},[47,75114,2693],{"class":61},[47,75116,590],{"class":83},[47,75118,2688],{"class":61},[47,75120,18170],{"class":65},[47,75122,2693],{"class":61},[47,75124,3030],{"class":83},[20,75126,12452],{},[133,75128,75129,75132,75135,75141,75147],{},[136,75130,75131],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[136,75133,75134],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[136,75136,75137,75138],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75139,75140],{},"list[start:stop]",[136,75142,75143,75144,75146],{},"The item at ",[15,75145,74831],{}," is not included",[136,75148,75149],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75151,75152,75153,84],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[154,75154,75155],{"href":50383},"beginner guide to Python lists",[33,75157,75159],{"id":75158},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75161,75162],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[38,75164,75165],{"className":40,"code":74841,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,75166,75167],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75168,75169,75171,75173,75175,75177,75179,75181,75183],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75170,7737],{"class":53},[47,75172,3296],{"class":83},[47,75174,35476],{"class":53},[47,75176,1032],{"class":83},[47,75178,74831],{"class":53},[47,75180,1032],{"class":83},[47,75182,74834],{"class":53},[47,75184,3030],{"class":83},[20,75186,64451],{},[133,75188,75189,75194,75199],{},[136,75190,75191,75193],{},[15,75192,35476],{}," is where slicing begins",[136,75195,75196,75198],{},[15,75197,74831],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[136,75200,75201,75203],{},[15,75202,74834],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75205,75206],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[133,75208,75209,75215,75220],{},[136,75210,75211,75212,75214],{},"Missing ",[15,75213,35476],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[136,75216,75211,75217,75219],{},[15,75218,74831],{}," means go to the end of the list",[136,75221,75211,75222,75224,75225],{},[15,75223,74834],{}," means use ",[15,75226,2377],{},[20,75228,538],{},[38,75230,75232],{"className":40,"code":75231,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75233,75234,75262,75266,75287,75304,75322],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75235,75236,75238,75240,75242,75244,75246,75248,75250,75252,75254,75256,75258,75260],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75237,3012],{"class":53},[47,75239,58],{"class":57},[47,75241,3017],{"class":83},[47,75243,1719],{"class":586},[47,75245,590],{"class":83},[47,75247,7189],{"class":586},[47,75249,590],{"class":83},[47,75251,7194],{"class":586},[47,75253,590],{"class":83},[47,75255,50248],{"class":586},[47,75257,590],{"class":83},[47,75259,4478],{"class":586},[47,75261,3030],{"class":83},[47,75263,75264],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,75265,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,75267,75268,75270,75272,75274,75276,75278,75280,75282,75284],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,75269,98],{"class":97},[47,75271,101],{"class":83},[47,75273,3044],{"class":87},[47,75275,3296],{"class":83},[47,75277,2377],{"class":586},[47,75279,1032],{"class":83},[47,75281,1896],{"class":586},[47,75283,19848],{"class":83},[47,75285,75286],{"class":113},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[47,75288,75289,75291,75293,75295,75297,75299,75301],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,75290,98],{"class":97},[47,75292,101],{"class":83},[47,75294,3044],{"class":87},[47,75296,74940],{"class":83},[47,75298,1455],{"class":586},[47,75300,19848],{"class":83},[47,75302,75303],{"class":113},"    # start from the beginning\n",[47,75305,75306,75308,75310,75312,75314,75316,75319],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,75307,98],{"class":97},[47,75309,101],{"class":83},[47,75311,3044],{"class":87},[47,75313,3296],{"class":83},[47,75315,1449],{"class":586},[47,75317,75318],{"class":83},":])",[47,75320,75321],{"class":113},"    # go to the end\n",[47,75323,75324,75326,75328,75330,75332,75334,75336],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,75325,98],{"class":97},[47,75327,101],{"class":83},[47,75329,3044],{"class":87},[47,75331,73527],{"class":83},[47,75333,2377],{"class":586},[47,75335,19848],{"class":83},[47,75337,75338],{"class":113},"   # step of 1\n",[20,75340,338],{},[38,75342,75344],{"className":40,"code":75343,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75345,75346,75362,75378,75394],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75347,75348,75350,75352,75354,75356,75358,75360],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75349,3296],{"class":83},[47,75351,15157],{"class":586},[47,75353,590],{"class":83},[47,75355,7194],{"class":586},[47,75357,590],{"class":83},[47,75359,50248],{"class":586},[47,75361,3030],{"class":83},[47,75363,75364,75366,75368,75370,75372,75374,75376],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,75365,3296],{"class":83},[47,75367,1719],{"class":586},[47,75369,590],{"class":83},[47,75371,7189],{"class":586},[47,75373,590],{"class":83},[47,75375,7194],{"class":586},[47,75377,3030],{"class":83},[47,75379,75380,75382,75384,75386,75388,75390,75392],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,75381,3296],{"class":83},[47,75383,36246],{"class":586},[47,75385,590],{"class":83},[47,75387,50248],{"class":586},[47,75389,590],{"class":83},[47,75391,4478],{"class":586},[47,75393,3030],{"class":83},[47,75395,75396,75398,75400,75402,75404,75406,75408,75410,75412,75414,75416],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,75397,3296],{"class":83},[47,75399,1719],{"class":586},[47,75401,590],{"class":83},[47,75403,7189],{"class":586},[47,75405,590],{"class":83},[47,75407,7194],{"class":586},[47,75409,590],{"class":83},[47,75411,50248],{"class":586},[47,75413,590],{"class":83},[47,75415,4478],{"class":586},[47,75417,3030],{"class":83},[33,75419,75421],{"id":75420},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,75423,75424],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[133,75426,75427,75436,75445,75456,75462],{},[136,75428,75429,75432,75433,5367],{},[15,75430,75431],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,75434,75435],{},"n",[136,75437,75438,75441,75442,75444],{},[15,75439,75440],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,75443,75435],{}," to the end",[136,75446,75447,75450,75451,75453,75454],{},[15,75448,75449],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,75452,154],{}," up to ",[15,75455,4158],{},[136,75457,75458,75461],{},[15,75459,75460],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[136,75463,75464,75467],{},[15,75465,75466],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,75469,538],{},[38,75471,75473],{"className":40,"code":75472,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,75474,75475,75508,75512,75529,75546,75567,75584],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75476,75477,75479,75481,75483,75485,75487,75489,75491,75493,75495,75497,75499,75501,75503,75506],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75478,3012],{"class":53},[47,75480,58],{"class":57},[47,75482,3017],{"class":83},[47,75484,1719],{"class":586},[47,75486,590],{"class":83},[47,75488,7189],{"class":586},[47,75490,590],{"class":83},[47,75492,7194],{"class":586},[47,75494,590],{"class":83},[47,75496,50248],{"class":586},[47,75498,590],{"class":83},[47,75500,4478],{"class":586},[47,75502,590],{"class":83},[47,75504,75505],{"class":586}," 60",[47,75507,3030],{"class":83},[47,75509,75510],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,75511,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,75513,75514,75516,75518,75520,75522,75524,75526],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,75515,98],{"class":97},[47,75517,101],{"class":83},[47,75519,3044],{"class":87},[47,75521,74940],{"class":83},[47,75523,1455],{"class":586},[47,75525,19848],{"class":83},[47,75527,75528],{"class":113},"    # first 3 items\n",[47,75530,75531,75533,75535,75537,75539,75541,75543],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,75532,98],{"class":97},[47,75534,101],{"class":83},[47,75536,3044],{"class":87},[47,75538,3296],{"class":83},[47,75540,1455],{"class":586},[47,75542,75318],{"class":83},[47,75544,75545],{"class":113},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[47,75547,75548,75550,75552,75554,75556,75558,75560,75562,75564],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,75549,98],{"class":97},[47,75551,101],{"class":83},[47,75553,3044],{"class":87},[47,75555,3296],{"class":83},[47,75557,2377],{"class":586},[47,75559,1032],{"class":83},[47,75561,1531],{"class":586},[47,75563,19848],{"class":83},[47,75565,75566],{"class":113},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[47,75568,75569,75571,75573,75575,75577,75579,75581],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,75570,98],{"class":97},[47,75572,101],{"class":83},[47,75574,3044],{"class":87},[47,75576,73527],{"class":83},[47,75578,1449],{"class":586},[47,75580,19848],{"class":83},[47,75582,75583],{"class":113},"   # every second item\n",[47,75585,75586,75588,75590,75592,75594,75596,75598,75600],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,75587,98],{"class":97},[47,75589,101],{"class":83},[47,75591,3044],{"class":87},[47,75593,73527],{"class":83},[47,75595,1413],{"class":57},[47,75597,2377],{"class":586},[47,75599,19848],{"class":83},[47,75601,75602],{"class":113},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,75604,338],{},[38,75606,75608],{"className":40,"code":75607,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75609,75610,75626,75642,75662,75678],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75611,75612,75614,75616,75618,75620,75622,75624],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75613,3296],{"class":83},[47,75615,1719],{"class":586},[47,75617,590],{"class":83},[47,75619,7189],{"class":586},[47,75621,590],{"class":83},[47,75623,7194],{"class":586},[47,75625,3030],{"class":83},[47,75627,75628,75630,75632,75634,75636,75638,75640],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,75629,3296],{"class":83},[47,75631,56098],{"class":586},[47,75633,590],{"class":83},[47,75635,4478],{"class":586},[47,75637,590],{"class":83},[47,75639,75505],{"class":586},[47,75641,3030],{"class":83},[47,75643,75644,75646,75648,75650,75652,75654,75656,75658,75660],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,75645,3296],{"class":83},[47,75647,15157],{"class":586},[47,75649,590],{"class":83},[47,75651,7194],{"class":586},[47,75653,590],{"class":83},[47,75655,50248],{"class":586},[47,75657,590],{"class":83},[47,75659,4478],{"class":586},[47,75661,3030],{"class":83},[47,75663,75664,75666,75668,75670,75672,75674,75676],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,75665,3296],{"class":83},[47,75667,1719],{"class":586},[47,75669,590],{"class":83},[47,75671,7194],{"class":586},[47,75673,590],{"class":83},[47,75675,4478],{"class":586},[47,75677,3030],{"class":83},[47,75679,75680,75682,75685,75687,75689,75691,75693,75695,75697,75699,75701,75703,75705],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,75681,3296],{"class":83},[47,75683,75684],{"class":586},"60",[47,75686,590],{"class":83},[47,75688,4478],{"class":586},[47,75690,590],{"class":83},[47,75692,50248],{"class":586},[47,75694,590],{"class":83},[47,75696,7194],{"class":586},[47,75698,590],{"class":83},[47,75700,7189],{"class":586},[47,75702,590],{"class":83},[47,75704,5405],{"class":586},[47,75706,3030],{"class":83},[20,75708,75709,75710,84],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[154,75711,14290],{"href":56625},[33,75713,75715],{"id":75714},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,75717,75718],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,75720,4872],{},[133,75722,75723,75729],{},[136,75724,75725,75728],{},[15,75726,75727],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[136,75730,75731,75734],{},[15,75732,75733],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,75736,75737],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[38,75739,75741],{"className":40,"code":75740,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,75742,75743,75791,75795,75814,75833],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75744,75745,75747,75749,75751,75753,75755,75757,75759,75761,75763,75765,75767,75769,75771,75773,75775,75777,75779,75781,75783,75785,75787,75789],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75746,35494],{"class":53},[47,75748,58],{"class":57},[47,75750,3017],{"class":83},[47,75752,253],{"class":61},[47,75754,154],{"class":65},[47,75756,253],{"class":61},[47,75758,590],{"class":83},[47,75760,62],{"class":61},[47,75762,4158],{"class":65},[47,75764,253],{"class":61},[47,75766,590],{"class":83},[47,75768,62],{"class":61},[47,75770,9138],{"class":65},[47,75772,253],{"class":61},[47,75774,590],{"class":83},[47,75776,62],{"class":61},[47,75778,18170],{"class":65},[47,75780,253],{"class":61},[47,75782,590],{"class":83},[47,75784,62],{"class":61},[47,75786,59853],{"class":65},[47,75788,253],{"class":61},[47,75790,3030],{"class":83},[47,75792,75793],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,75794,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,75796,75797,75799,75801,75803,75805,75807,75809,75811],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,75798,98],{"class":97},[47,75800,101],{"class":83},[47,75802,35547],{"class":87},[47,75804,3296],{"class":83},[47,75806,1413],{"class":57},[47,75808,2377],{"class":586},[47,75810,19848],{"class":83},[47,75812,75813],{"class":113},"    # last item\n",[47,75815,75816,75818,75820,75822,75824,75826,75828,75830],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,75817,98],{"class":97},[47,75819,101],{"class":83},[47,75821,35547],{"class":87},[47,75823,3296],{"class":83},[47,75825,1413],{"class":57},[47,75827,1455],{"class":586},[47,75829,75318],{"class":83},[47,75831,75832],{"class":113},"   # last 3 items\n",[47,75834,75835,75837,75839,75841,75843,75845,75847,75849],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,75836,98],{"class":97},[47,75838,101],{"class":83},[47,75840,35547],{"class":87},[47,75842,74940],{"class":83},[47,75844,1413],{"class":57},[47,75846,2377],{"class":586},[47,75848,19848],{"class":83},[47,75850,75851],{"class":113},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,75853,338],{},[38,75855,75857],{"className":40,"code":75856,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75858,75859,75864,75892],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75860,75861],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75862,75863],{"class":53},"e\n",[47,75865,75866,75868,75870,75872,75874,75876,75878,75880,75882,75884,75886,75888,75890],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,75867,3296],{"class":83},[47,75869,2693],{"class":61},[47,75871,9138],{"class":65},[47,75873,2693],{"class":61},[47,75875,590],{"class":83},[47,75877,2688],{"class":61},[47,75879,18170],{"class":65},[47,75881,2693],{"class":61},[47,75883,590],{"class":83},[47,75885,2688],{"class":61},[47,75887,59853],{"class":65},[47,75889,2693],{"class":61},[47,75891,3030],{"class":83},[47,75893,75894,75896,75898,75900,75902,75904,75906,75908,75910,75912,75914,75916,75918,75920,75922,75924,75926],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,75895,3296],{"class":83},[47,75897,2693],{"class":61},[47,75899,154],{"class":65},[47,75901,2693],{"class":61},[47,75903,590],{"class":83},[47,75905,2688],{"class":61},[47,75907,4158],{"class":65},[47,75909,2693],{"class":61},[47,75911,590],{"class":83},[47,75913,2688],{"class":61},[47,75915,9138],{"class":65},[47,75917,2693],{"class":61},[47,75919,590],{"class":83},[47,75921,2688],{"class":61},[47,75923,18170],{"class":65},[47,75925,2693],{"class":61},[47,75927,3030],{"class":83},[20,75929,12452],{},[133,75931,75932,75935,75939,75945,75951],{},[136,75933,75934],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[136,75936,75937,75728],{},[15,75938,75727],{},[136,75940,75941,75944],{},[15,75942,75943],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[136,75946,75947,75950],{},[15,75948,75949],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[136,75952,75953,75954,1063,75956],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,75955,35476],{},[15,75957,74831],{},[33,75959,75961],{"id":75960},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,75963,1371,75964,75966],{},[15,75965,74834],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[133,75968,75969,75972,75975,75980,75990],{},[136,75970,75971],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[136,75973,75974],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[136,75976,75977,75979],{},[15,75978,75466],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[136,75981,8272,75982,75984,75985,75987,75988],{},[15,75983,74834],{}," is negative, ",[15,75986,35476],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,75989,74831],{},[136,75991,75992,75994,75995],{},[15,75993,74834],{}," cannot be ",[15,75996,1514],{},[20,75998,75999],{},"Example with different step values:",[38,76001,76003],{"className":40,"code":76002,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76004,76005,76037,76041,76058,76080,76099],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76006,76007,76009,76011,76013,76015,76017,76019,76021,76023,76025,76027,76029,76031,76033,76035],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76008,3012],{"class":53},[47,76010,58],{"class":57},[47,76012,3017],{"class":83},[47,76014,1719],{"class":586},[47,76016,590],{"class":83},[47,76018,7189],{"class":586},[47,76020,590],{"class":83},[47,76022,7194],{"class":586},[47,76024,590],{"class":83},[47,76026,50248],{"class":586},[47,76028,590],{"class":83},[47,76030,4478],{"class":586},[47,76032,590],{"class":83},[47,76034,75505],{"class":586},[47,76036,3030],{"class":83},[47,76038,76039],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,76040,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,76042,76043,76045,76047,76049,76051,76053,76055],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,76044,98],{"class":97},[47,76046,101],{"class":83},[47,76048,3044],{"class":87},[47,76050,73527],{"class":83},[47,76052,1449],{"class":586},[47,76054,19848],{"class":83},[47,76056,76057],{"class":113},"     # every second item\n",[47,76059,76060,76062,76064,76066,76068,76070,76073,76075,76077],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,76061,98],{"class":97},[47,76063,101],{"class":83},[47,76065,3044],{"class":87},[47,76067,3296],{"class":83},[47,76069,2377],{"class":586},[47,76071,76072],{"class":83},"::",[47,76074,1449],{"class":586},[47,76076,19848],{"class":83},[47,76078,76079],{"class":113},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[47,76081,76082,76084,76086,76088,76090,76092,76094,76096],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,76083,98],{"class":97},[47,76085,101],{"class":83},[47,76087,3044],{"class":87},[47,76089,73527],{"class":83},[47,76091,1413],{"class":57},[47,76093,2377],{"class":586},[47,76095,19848],{"class":83},[47,76097,76098],{"class":113},"    # reverse the list\n",[47,76100,76101,76103,76105,76107,76109,76111,76113,76115,76117,76119,76121,76123],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,76102,98],{"class":97},[47,76104,101],{"class":83},[47,76106,3044],{"class":87},[47,76108,3296],{"class":83},[47,76110,1896],{"class":586},[47,76112,1032],{"class":83},[47,76114,2377],{"class":586},[47,76116,1032],{"class":83},[47,76118,1413],{"class":57},[47,76120,2377],{"class":586},[47,76122,19848],{"class":83},[47,76124,76125],{"class":113},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76127,338],{},[38,76129,76131],{"className":40,"code":76130,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76132,76133,76149,76165,76193],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76134,76135,76137,76139,76141,76143,76145,76147],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76136,3296],{"class":83},[47,76138,1719],{"class":586},[47,76140,590],{"class":83},[47,76142,7194],{"class":586},[47,76144,590],{"class":83},[47,76146,4478],{"class":586},[47,76148,3030],{"class":83},[47,76150,76151,76153,76155,76157,76159,76161,76163],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,76152,3296],{"class":83},[47,76154,15157],{"class":586},[47,76156,590],{"class":83},[47,76158,50248],{"class":586},[47,76160,590],{"class":83},[47,76162,75505],{"class":586},[47,76164,3030],{"class":83},[47,76166,76167,76169,76171,76173,76175,76177,76179,76181,76183,76185,76187,76189,76191],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,76168,3296],{"class":83},[47,76170,75684],{"class":586},[47,76172,590],{"class":83},[47,76174,4478],{"class":586},[47,76176,590],{"class":83},[47,76178,50248],{"class":586},[47,76180,590],{"class":83},[47,76182,7194],{"class":586},[47,76184,590],{"class":83},[47,76186,7189],{"class":586},[47,76188,590],{"class":83},[47,76190,5405],{"class":586},[47,76192,3030],{"class":83},[47,76194,76195,76197,76200,76202,76204,76206,76208],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,76196,3296],{"class":83},[47,76198,76199],{"class":586},"50",[47,76201,590],{"class":83},[47,76203,50248],{"class":586},[47,76205,590],{"class":83},[47,76207,7194],{"class":586},[47,76209,3030],{"class":83},[20,76211,76212,76213,84],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[154,76214,76215],{"href":74211},"how to reverse a list in Python",[724,76217,76219],{"id":76218},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76221,2225],{},[38,76223,76225],{"className":40,"code":76224,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76226,76227,76247],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76228,76229,76231,76233,76235,76237,76239,76241,76243,76245],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76230,3012],{"class":53},[47,76232,58],{"class":57},[47,76234,3017],{"class":83},[47,76236,2377],{"class":586},[47,76238,590],{"class":83},[47,76240,2382],{"class":586},[47,76242,590],{"class":83},[47,76244,1841],{"class":586},[47,76246,3030],{"class":83},[47,76248,76249,76251,76253,76255,76257,76259],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,76250,98],{"class":97},[47,76252,101],{"class":83},[47,76254,3044],{"class":87},[47,76256,73527],{"class":83},[47,76258,1514],{"class":586},[47,76260,3284],{"class":83},[20,76262,76263,76264,76266,76267,76269],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76265,40107],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76268,1514],{}," does not make sense.",[33,76271,76273],{"id":76272},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76275,76276],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[724,76278,76280],{"id":76279},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[38,76282,76284],{"className":40,"code":76283,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76285,76286,76310,76314],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76287,76288,76290,76292,76294,76296,76298,76300,76302,76304,76306,76308],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76289,3012],{"class":53},[47,76291,58],{"class":57},[47,76293,3017],{"class":83},[47,76295,1719],{"class":586},[47,76297,590],{"class":83},[47,76299,7189],{"class":586},[47,76301,590],{"class":83},[47,76303,7194],{"class":586},[47,76305,590],{"class":83},[47,76307,50248],{"class":586},[47,76309,3030],{"class":83},[47,76311,76312],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,76313,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,76315,76316,76318,76320,76322,76324,76326],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,76317,98],{"class":97},[47,76319,101],{"class":83},[47,76321,3044],{"class":87},[47,76323,3296],{"class":83},[47,76325,1449],{"class":586},[47,76327,3284],{"class":83},[20,76329,338],{},[38,76331,76332],{"className":40,"code":69246,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,76333,76334],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76335,76336],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76337,69246],{"class":586},[724,76339,76341],{"id":76340},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[38,76343,76345],{"className":40,"code":76344,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76346,76347,76371,76375],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76348,76349,76351,76353,76355,76357,76359,76361,76363,76365,76367,76369],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76350,3012],{"class":53},[47,76352,58],{"class":57},[47,76354,3017],{"class":83},[47,76356,1719],{"class":586},[47,76358,590],{"class":83},[47,76360,7189],{"class":586},[47,76362,590],{"class":83},[47,76364,7194],{"class":586},[47,76366,590],{"class":83},[47,76368,50248],{"class":586},[47,76370,3030],{"class":83},[47,76372,76373],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,76374,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,76376,76377,76379,76381,76383,76385,76387,76389,76391],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,76378,98],{"class":97},[47,76380,101],{"class":83},[47,76382,3044],{"class":87},[47,76384,3296],{"class":83},[47,76386,1449],{"class":586},[47,76388,1032],{"class":83},[47,76390,1455],{"class":586},[47,76392,3284],{"class":83},[20,76394,338],{},[38,76396,76398],{"className":40,"code":76397,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[30]\n",[15,76399,76400],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76401,76402,76404,76406],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76403,3296],{"class":83},[47,76405,36246],{"class":586},[47,76407,3030],{"class":83},[20,76409,13164],{},[133,76411,76412,76418],{},[136,76413,76414,76417],{},[15,76415,76416],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[136,76419,76420,76423],{},[15,76421,76422],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,76425,76426],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[133,76428,76429,76432],{},[136,76430,76431],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[136,76433,76434],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,76436,538],{},[38,76438,76440],{"className":40,"code":76439,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,76441,76442,76462,76466],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76443,76444,76446,76448,76450,76452,76454,76456,76458,76460],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76445,3012],{"class":53},[47,76447,58],{"class":57},[47,76449,3017],{"class":83},[47,76451,1719],{"class":586},[47,76453,590],{"class":83},[47,76455,7189],{"class":586},[47,76457,590],{"class":83},[47,76459,7194],{"class":586},[47,76461,3030],{"class":83},[47,76463,76464],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,76465,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,76467,76468,76470,76472,76474,76476,76478,76480,76482],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,76469,98],{"class":97},[47,76471,101],{"class":83},[47,76473,3044],{"class":87},[47,76475,3296],{"class":83},[47,76477,1531],{"class":586},[47,76479,1032],{"class":83},[47,76481,1719],{"class":586},[47,76483,3284],{"class":83},[20,76485,338],{},[38,76487,76488],{"className":40,"code":37702,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,76489,76490],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76491,76492],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76493,37702],{"class":83},[20,76495,76496],{},"But this would raise an error:",[38,76498,76500],{"className":40,"code":76499,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,76501,76502,76522,76526],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76503,76504,76506,76508,76510,76512,76514,76516,76518,76520],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76505,3012],{"class":53},[47,76507,58],{"class":57},[47,76509,3017],{"class":83},[47,76511,1719],{"class":586},[47,76513,590],{"class":83},[47,76515,7189],{"class":586},[47,76517,590],{"class":83},[47,76519,7194],{"class":586},[47,76521,3030],{"class":83},[47,76523,76524],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,76525,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,76527,76528,76530,76532,76534,76536,76538],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,76529,98],{"class":97},[47,76531,101],{"class":83},[47,76533,3044],{"class":87},[47,76535,3296],{"class":83},[47,76537,1531],{"class":586},[47,76539,3284],{"class":83},[20,76541,76542,76543,84],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[154,76544,68665],{"href":68664},[33,76546,14579],{"id":76547},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,76549,76550],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[133,76552,76553,76557,76559,76562,76568],{},[136,76554,4101,76555,75146],{},[15,76556,74831],{},[136,76558,60098],{},[136,76560,76561],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[136,76563,946,76564,8101,76566],{},[15,76565,75466],{},[15,76567,72931],{},[136,76569,76570,76571,76573],{},"Using step ",[15,76572,1514],{},", which causes an error",[724,76575,76577],{"id":76576},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[38,76579,76581],{"className":40,"code":76580,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,76582,76583,76611],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76584,76585,76587,76589,76591,76593,76595,76597,76599,76601,76603,76605,76607,76609],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76586,3012],{"class":53},[47,76588,58],{"class":57},[47,76590,3017],{"class":83},[47,76592,1719],{"class":586},[47,76594,590],{"class":83},[47,76596,7189],{"class":586},[47,76598,590],{"class":83},[47,76600,7194],{"class":586},[47,76602,590],{"class":83},[47,76604,50248],{"class":586},[47,76606,590],{"class":83},[47,76608,4478],{"class":586},[47,76610,3030],{"class":83},[47,76612,76613,76615,76617,76619,76621,76623,76625,76627],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,76614,98],{"class":97},[47,76616,101],{"class":83},[47,76618,3044],{"class":87},[47,76620,3296],{"class":83},[47,76622,2377],{"class":586},[47,76624,1032],{"class":83},[47,76626,1896],{"class":586},[47,76628,3284],{"class":83},[20,76630,76631],{},"This returns:",[38,76633,76635],{"className":40,"code":76634,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,76636,76637],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76638,76639,76641,76643,76645,76647,76649,76651],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76640,3296],{"class":83},[47,76642,15157],{"class":586},[47,76644,590],{"class":83},[47,76646,7194],{"class":586},[47,76648,590],{"class":83},[47,76650,50248],{"class":586},[47,76652,3030],{"class":83},[20,76654,40309,76655,76657,76658,76660,76661,84],{},[121,76656,123],{}," include ",[15,76659,76199],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,76662,1896],{},[724,76664,76666],{"id":76665},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,76668,737],{},[38,76670,76672],{"className":40,"code":76671,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,76673,76674,76694],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76675,76676,76678,76680,76682,76684,76686,76688,76690,76692],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76677,3012],{"class":53},[47,76679,58],{"class":57},[47,76681,3017],{"class":83},[47,76683,1719],{"class":586},[47,76685,590],{"class":83},[47,76687,7189],{"class":586},[47,76689,590],{"class":83},[47,76691,7194],{"class":586},[47,76693,3030],{"class":83},[47,76695,76696],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,76697,76698],{"class":113},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,76700,76701],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[38,76703,76705],{"className":40,"code":76704,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,76706,76707],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76708,76709,76711,76713,76715,76717,76719,76721,76723],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76710,98],{"class":97},[47,76712,101],{"class":83},[47,76714,3044],{"class":87},[47,76716,3296],{"class":83},[47,76718,2377],{"class":586},[47,76720,1032],{"class":83},[47,76722,1455],{"class":586},[47,76724,3284],{"class":83},[724,76726,76728],{"id":76727},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,76730,76731],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[38,76733,76735],{"className":40,"code":76734,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,76736,76737,76761,76775,76779,76789],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76738,76739,76741,76743,76745,76747,76749,76751,76753,76755,76757,76759],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76740,3012],{"class":53},[47,76742,58],{"class":57},[47,76744,3017],{"class":83},[47,76746,1719],{"class":586},[47,76748,590],{"class":83},[47,76750,7189],{"class":586},[47,76752,590],{"class":83},[47,76754,7194],{"class":586},[47,76756,590],{"class":83},[47,76758,50248],{"class":586},[47,76760,3030],{"class":83},[47,76762,76763,76765,76767,76769,76771,76773],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,76764,75064],{"class":53},[47,76766,58],{"class":57},[47,76768,3659],{"class":53},[47,76770,74940],{"class":83},[47,76772,1449],{"class":586},[47,76774,3030],{"class":83},[47,76776,76777],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,76778,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,76780,76781,76783,76785,76787],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,76782,98],{"class":97},[47,76784,101],{"class":83},[47,76786,75087],{"class":87},[47,76788,107],{"class":83},[47,76790,76791,76793,76795,76797],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,76792,98],{"class":97},[47,76794,101],{"class":83},[47,76796,3044],{"class":87},[47,76798,107],{"class":83},[20,76800,338],{},[38,76802,76804],{"className":40,"code":76803,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,76805,76806,76818],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76807,76808,76810,76812,76814,76816],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76809,3296],{"class":83},[47,76811,1719],{"class":586},[47,76813,590],{"class":83},[47,76815,7189],{"class":586},[47,76817,3030],{"class":83},[47,76819,76820,76822,76824,76826,76828,76830,76832,76834,76836],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,76821,3296],{"class":83},[47,76823,1719],{"class":586},[47,76825,590],{"class":83},[47,76827,7189],{"class":586},[47,76829,590],{"class":83},[47,76831,7194],{"class":586},[47,76833,590],{"class":83},[47,76835,50248],{"class":586},[47,76837,3030],{"class":83},[20,76839,76840],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[724,76842,76844,76845,8101,76847],{"id":76843},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,76846,75466],{},[15,76848,72931],{},[38,76850,76852],{"className":40,"code":76851,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,76853,76854,76874,76878,76895,76906],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76855,76856,76858,76860,76862,76864,76866,76868,76870,76872],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76857,3012],{"class":53},[47,76859,58],{"class":57},[47,76861,3017],{"class":83},[47,76863,1719],{"class":586},[47,76865,590],{"class":83},[47,76867,7189],{"class":586},[47,76869,590],{"class":83},[47,76871,7194],{"class":586},[47,76873,3030],{"class":83},[47,76875,76876],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,76877,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,76879,76880,76883,76885,76887,76889,76891,76893],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,76881,76882],{"class":53},"reversed_copy ",[47,76884,58],{"class":57},[47,76886,3659],{"class":53},[47,76888,73527],{"class":83},[47,76890,1413],{"class":57},[47,76892,2377],{"class":586},[47,76894,3030],{"class":83},[47,76896,76897,76899,76901,76904],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,76898,98],{"class":97},[47,76900,101],{"class":83},[47,76902,76903],{"class":87},"reversed_copy",[47,76905,107],{"class":83},[47,76907,76908,76910,76912,76914],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,76909,98],{"class":97},[47,76911,101],{"class":83},[47,76913,3044],{"class":87},[47,76915,107],{"class":83},[20,76917,338],{},[38,76919,76921],{"className":40,"code":76920,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,76922,76923,76939],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76924,76925,76927,76929,76931,76933,76935,76937],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76926,3296],{"class":83},[47,76928,36246],{"class":586},[47,76930,590],{"class":83},[47,76932,7189],{"class":586},[47,76934,590],{"class":83},[47,76936,5405],{"class":586},[47,76938,3030],{"class":83},[47,76940,76941,76943,76945,76947,76949,76951,76953],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,76942,3296],{"class":83},[47,76944,1719],{"class":586},[47,76946,590],{"class":83},[47,76948,7189],{"class":586},[47,76950,590],{"class":83},[47,76952,7194],{"class":586},[47,76954,3030],{"class":83},[20,76956,76957,76960],{},[15,76958,76959],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,76962,76963,76964,76967],{},"By contrast, ",[15,76965,76966],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[724,76969,76971],{"id":76970},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,76973,76974],{},"This is not allowed:",[38,76976,76978],{"className":40,"code":76977,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76979,76980,77000],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76981,76982,76984,76986,76988,76990,76992,76994,76996,76998],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76983,3012],{"class":53},[47,76985,58],{"class":57},[47,76987,3017],{"class":83},[47,76989,1719],{"class":586},[47,76991,590],{"class":83},[47,76993,7189],{"class":586},[47,76995,590],{"class":83},[47,76997,7194],{"class":586},[47,76999,3030],{"class":83},[47,77001,77002],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,77003,77004],{"class":113},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77006,77007,77008,84],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77009,40107],{},[33,77011,77013],{"id":77012},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77015,77016],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[133,77018,77019,77026,77032,77035,77038],{},[136,77020,946,77021,1063,77023,77025],{},[15,77022,35476],{},[15,77024,74831],{}," positions",[136,77027,77028,77029,77031],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77030,74831],{}," index is included",[136,77033,77034],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[136,77036,77037],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[136,77039,77040],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77042,77043],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[38,77045,77047],{"className":40,"code":77046,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77048,77049,77059,77073,77091,77105,77122],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77050,77051,77053,77055,77057],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77052,98],{"class":97},[47,77054,101],{"class":83},[47,77056,7737],{"class":87},[47,77058,107],{"class":83},[47,77060,77061,77063,77065,77067,77069,77071],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,77062,98],{"class":97},[47,77064,101],{"class":83},[47,77066,10562],{"class":97},[47,77068,101],{"class":83},[47,77070,7737],{"class":87},[47,77072,1419],{"class":83},[47,77074,77075,77077,77079,77081,77083,77085,77087,77089],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,77076,98],{"class":97},[47,77078,101],{"class":83},[47,77080,7737],{"class":87},[47,77082,3296],{"class":83},[47,77084,2377],{"class":586},[47,77086,1032],{"class":83},[47,77088,1896],{"class":586},[47,77090,3284],{"class":83},[47,77092,77093,77095,77097,77099,77101,77103],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,77094,98],{"class":97},[47,77096,101],{"class":83},[47,77098,7737],{"class":87},[47,77100,74940],{"class":83},[47,77102,1455],{"class":586},[47,77104,3284],{"class":83},[47,77106,77107,77109,77111,77113,77115,77117,77119],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,77108,98],{"class":97},[47,77110,101],{"class":83},[47,77112,7737],{"class":87},[47,77114,3296],{"class":83},[47,77116,1413],{"class":57},[47,77118,1455],{"class":586},[47,77120,77121],{"class":83},":])\n",[47,77123,77124,77126,77128,77130,77132,77134,77136],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,77125,98],{"class":97},[47,77127,101],{"class":83},[47,77129,7737],{"class":87},[47,77131,73527],{"class":83},[47,77133,1413],{"class":57},[47,77135,2377],{"class":586},[47,77137,3284],{"class":83},[20,77139,7816,77140,77142,77143,77147],{},[15,77141,41764],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[154,77144,77146],{"href":77145},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[33,77149,1155],{"id":1154},[724,77151,77153],{"id":77152},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77155,77156],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[724,77158,77160],{"id":77159},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77162,77163],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[724,77165,4540,77167,39363],{"id":77166},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77168,75466],{},[20,77170,77171],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[724,77173,77175,77176,1883],{"id":77174},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77177,70136],{},[20,77179,77180],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[33,77182,1275],{"id":1274},[133,77184,77185,77190,77195,77199,77203,77207],{},[136,77186,77187],{},[154,77188,77189],{"href":50383},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[136,77191,77192],{},[154,77193,77194],{"href":56559},"How to create a list in Python",[136,77196,77197],{},[154,77198,14367],{"href":56625},[136,77200,77201],{},[154,77202,74212],{"href":74211},[136,77204,77205],{},[154,77206,77146],{"href":77145},[136,77208,77209],{},[154,77210,68665],{"href":68664},[20,77212,77213,77214,77216],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77215,41764],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1320,77218,77219],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":77221},[77222,77223,77224,77225,77226,77227,77230,77234,77242,77243,77251],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":74995,"depth":72,"text":74996},{"id":75158,"depth":72,"text":75159},{"id":75420,"depth":72,"text":75421},{"id":75714,"depth":72,"text":75715},{"id":75960,"depth":72,"text":75961,"children":77228},[77229],{"id":76218,"depth":94,"text":76219},{"id":76272,"depth":72,"text":76273,"children":77231},[77232,77233],{"id":76279,"depth":94,"text":76280},{"id":76340,"depth":94,"text":76341},{"id":76547,"depth":72,"text":14579,"children":77235},[77236,77237,77238,77239,77241],{"id":76576,"depth":94,"text":76577},{"id":76665,"depth":94,"text":76666},{"id":76727,"depth":94,"text":76728},{"id":76843,"depth":94,"text":77240},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":76970,"depth":94,"text":76971},{"id":77012,"depth":72,"text":77013},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":77244},[77245,77246,77247,77249],{"id":77152,"depth":94,"text":77153},{"id":77159,"depth":94,"text":77160},{"id":77166,"depth":94,"text":77248},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77174,"depth":94,"text":77250},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":74818,"description":77252},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77259,"title":77260,"body":77261,"description":79330,"extension":1354,"meta":79331,"navigation":311,"path":79332,"seo":79333,"stem":79334,"__hash__":79335},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77262,"toc":79296},[77263,77268,77274,77280,77282,77329,77336,77341,77345,77360,77363,77416,77418,77443,77448,77450,77482,77485,77501,77503,77564,77566,77591,77595,77600,77653,77655,77680,77685,77746,77748,77773,77776,77783,77787,77790,77851,77853,77886,77889,77950,77952,77985,77991,78064,78066,78098,78105,78110,78115,78117,78129,78132,78210,78212,78253,78256,78330,78332,78365,78370,78377,78384,78388,78397,78401,78409,78411,78478,78480,78516,78521,78532,78534,78539,78544,78546,78609,78611,78636,78643,78648,78652,78655,78695,78700,78706,78711,78713,78740,78745,78748,78795,78797,78854,78861,78866,78872,78941,78945,78948,79011,79013,79046,79051,79053,79056,79137,79139,79163,79169,79171,79176,79180,79187,79195,79199,79201,79224,79228,79230,79257,79260,79267,79270,79272,79293],[10,77264,53747,77266,18],{"id":77265},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77267,63717],{},[20,77269,77270,77273],{},[15,77271,77272],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77275,77276,77277,77279],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77278,63717],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[33,77281,36],{"id":35},[38,77283,77285],{"className":40,"code":77284,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77286,77287,77307,77317],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77288,77289,77291,77293,77295,77297,77299,77301,77303,77305],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77290,3012],{"class":53},[47,77292,58],{"class":57},[47,77294,3017],{"class":83},[47,77296,1455],{"class":586},[47,77298,590],{"class":83},[47,77300,4898],{"class":586},[47,77302,590],{"class":83},[47,77304,2382],{"class":586},[47,77306,3030],{"class":83},[47,77308,77309,77311,77313,77315],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,77310,3044],{"class":53},[47,77312,84],{"class":83},[47,77314,34202],{"class":87},[47,77316,91],{"class":83},[47,77318,77319,77321,77323,77325,77327],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,77320,98],{"class":97},[47,77322,101],{"class":83},[47,77324,3044],{"class":87},[47,77326,3057],{"class":83},[47,77328,54337],{"class":113},[20,77330,1486,77331,77333,77334,84],{},[15,77332,77272],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77335,3174],{},[33,77337,128,77339,131],{"id":77338},"what-listsort-does",[15,77340,77272],{},[20,77342,77343,1032],{},[15,77344,77272],{},[133,77346,77347,77350,77353,77357],{},[136,77348,77349],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[136,77351,77352],{},"Changes the original list",[136,77354,10824,77355],{},[15,77356,3174],{},[136,77358,77359],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,77361,77362],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[38,77364,77366],{"className":40,"code":77365,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77367,77368,77392,77402,77406],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77369,77370,77372,77374,77376,77378,77380,77382,77384,77386,77388,77390],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77371,3012],{"class":53},[47,77373,58],{"class":57},[47,77375,3017],{"class":83},[47,77377,1531],{"class":586},[47,77379,590],{"class":83},[47,77381,2382],{"class":586},[47,77383,590],{"class":83},[47,77385,53541],{"class":586},[47,77387,590],{"class":83},[47,77389,4898],{"class":586},[47,77391,3030],{"class":83},[47,77393,77394,77396,77398,77400],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,77395,3044],{"class":53},[47,77397,84],{"class":83},[47,77399,34202],{"class":87},[47,77401,91],{"class":83},[47,77403,77404],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,77405,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,77407,77408,77410,77412,77414],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,77409,98],{"class":97},[47,77411,101],{"class":83},[47,77413,3044],{"class":87},[47,77415,107],{"class":83},[20,77417,338],{},[38,77419,77421],{"className":40,"code":77420,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,77422,77423],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77424,77425,77427,77429,77431,77433,77435,77437,77439,77441],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77426,3296],{"class":83},[47,77428,2377],{"class":586},[47,77430,590],{"class":83},[47,77432,2382],{"class":586},[47,77434,590],{"class":83},[47,77436,4002],{"class":586},[47,77438,590],{"class":83},[47,77440,53541],{"class":586},[47,77442,3030],{"class":83},[20,77444,77445,77446,84],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[154,77447,66483],{"href":50383},[33,77449,166],{"id":165},[38,77451,77453],{"className":40,"code":77452,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,77454,77455],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77456,77457,77459,77461,77463,77465,77467,77469,77471,77473,77476,77478,77480],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77458,7737],{"class":53},[47,77460,84],{"class":83},[47,77462,34202],{"class":87},[47,77464,101],{"class":83},[47,77466,14243],{"class":8573},[47,77468,58],{"class":57},[47,77470,3174],{"class":1271},[47,77472,590],{"class":83},[47,77474,77475],{"class":8573}," reverse",[47,77477,58],{"class":57},[47,77479,3070],{"class":1271},[47,77481,107],{"class":83},[20,77483,77484],{},"Main arguments:",[133,77486,77487,77492,77498],{},[136,77488,77489,77491],{},[15,77490,14243],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[136,77493,77494,77497],{},[15,77495,77496],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[136,77499,77500],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,77502,538],{},[38,77504,77506],{"className":40,"code":77505,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77507,77508,77532,77550,77554],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77509,77510,77512,77514,77516,77518,77520,77522,77524,77526,77528,77530],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77511,3012],{"class":53},[47,77513,58],{"class":57},[47,77515,3017],{"class":83},[47,77517,1896],{"class":586},[47,77519,590],{"class":83},[47,77521,4898],{"class":586},[47,77523,590],{"class":83},[47,77525,587],{"class":586},[47,77527,590],{"class":83},[47,77529,2382],{"class":586},[47,77531,3030],{"class":83},[47,77533,77534,77536,77538,77540,77542,77544,77546,77548],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,77535,3044],{"class":53},[47,77537,84],{"class":83},[47,77539,34202],{"class":87},[47,77541,101],{"class":83},[47,77543,72982],{"class":8573},[47,77545,58],{"class":57},[47,77547,2997],{"class":1271},[47,77549,107],{"class":83},[47,77551,77552],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,77553,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,77555,77556,77558,77560,77562],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,77557,98],{"class":97},[47,77559,101],{"class":83},[47,77561,3044],{"class":87},[47,77563,107],{"class":83},[20,77565,338],{},[38,77567,77569],{"className":40,"code":77568,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,77570,77571],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77572,77573,77575,77577,77579,77581,77583,77585,77587,77589],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77574,3296],{"class":83},[47,77576,1416],{"class":586},[47,77578,590],{"class":83},[47,77580,1847],{"class":586},[47,77582,590],{"class":83},[47,77584,2382],{"class":586},[47,77586,590],{"class":83},[47,77588,4898],{"class":586},[47,77590,3030],{"class":83},[33,77592,77594],{"id":77593},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,77596,1486,77597,77599],{},[15,77598,63717],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[38,77601,77603],{"className":40,"code":77602,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77604,77605,77629,77639,77643],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77606,77607,77609,77611,77613,77615,77617,77619,77621,77623,77625,77627],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77608,3012],{"class":53},[47,77610,58],{"class":57},[47,77612,3017],{"class":83},[47,77614,1719],{"class":586},[47,77616,590],{"class":83},[47,77618,1841],{"class":586},[47,77620,590],{"class":83},[47,77622,5760],{"class":586},[47,77624,590],{"class":83},[47,77626,4898],{"class":586},[47,77628,3030],{"class":83},[47,77630,77631,77633,77635,77637],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,77632,3044],{"class":53},[47,77634,84],{"class":83},[47,77636,34202],{"class":87},[47,77638,91],{"class":83},[47,77640,77641],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,77642,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,77644,77645,77647,77649,77651],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,77646,98],{"class":97},[47,77648,101],{"class":83},[47,77650,3044],{"class":87},[47,77652,107],{"class":83},[20,77654,338],{},[38,77656,77658],{"className":40,"code":77657,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,77659,77660],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77661,77662,77664,77666,77668,77670,77672,77674,77676,77678],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77663,3296],{"class":83},[47,77665,2377],{"class":586},[47,77667,590],{"class":83},[47,77669,1841],{"class":586},[47,77671,590],{"class":83},[47,77673,5760],{"class":586},[47,77675,590],{"class":83},[47,77677,5405],{"class":586},[47,77679,3030],{"class":83},[20,77681,1486,77682,77684],{},[15,77683,77496],{}," for descending order:",[38,77686,77688],{"className":40,"code":77687,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77689,77690,77714,77732,77736],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77691,77692,77694,77696,77698,77700,77702,77704,77706,77708,77710,77712],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77693,3012],{"class":53},[47,77695,58],{"class":57},[47,77697,3017],{"class":83},[47,77699,1719],{"class":586},[47,77701,590],{"class":83},[47,77703,1841],{"class":586},[47,77705,590],{"class":83},[47,77707,5760],{"class":586},[47,77709,590],{"class":83},[47,77711,4898],{"class":586},[47,77713,3030],{"class":83},[47,77715,77716,77718,77720,77722,77724,77726,77728,77730],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,77717,3044],{"class":53},[47,77719,84],{"class":83},[47,77721,34202],{"class":87},[47,77723,101],{"class":83},[47,77725,72982],{"class":8573},[47,77727,58],{"class":57},[47,77729,2997],{"class":1271},[47,77731,107],{"class":83},[47,77733,77734],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,77735,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,77737,77738,77740,77742,77744],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,77739,98],{"class":97},[47,77741,101],{"class":83},[47,77743,3044],{"class":87},[47,77745,107],{"class":83},[20,77747,338],{},[38,77749,77751],{"className":40,"code":77750,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,77752,77753],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77754,77755,77757,77759,77761,77763,77765,77767,77769,77771],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77756,3296],{"class":83},[47,77758,1719],{"class":586},[47,77760,590],{"class":83},[47,77762,5760],{"class":586},[47,77764,590],{"class":83},[47,77766,1841],{"class":586},[47,77768,590],{"class":83},[47,77770,4898],{"class":586},[47,77772,3030],{"class":83},[20,77774,77775],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,77777,77778,77779,84],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[154,77780,77782],{"href":77781},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[33,77784,77786],{"id":77785},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,77788,77789],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[38,77791,77793],{"className":40,"code":77792,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,77794,77795,77827,77837,77841],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77796,77797,77799,77801,77803,77805,77807,77809,77811,77813,77815,77817,77819,77821,77823,77825],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77798,3466],{"class":53},[47,77800,58],{"class":57},[47,77802,3017],{"class":83},[47,77804,253],{"class":61},[47,77806,288],{"class":65},[47,77808,253],{"class":61},[47,77810,590],{"class":83},[47,77812,62],{"class":61},[47,77814,3475],{"class":65},[47,77816,253],{"class":61},[47,77818,590],{"class":83},[47,77820,62],{"class":61},[47,77822,3492],{"class":65},[47,77824,253],{"class":61},[47,77826,3030],{"class":83},[47,77828,77829,77831,77833,77835],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,77830,3509],{"class":53},[47,77832,84],{"class":83},[47,77834,34202],{"class":87},[47,77836,91],{"class":83},[47,77838,77839],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,77840,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,77842,77843,77845,77847,77849],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,77844,98],{"class":97},[47,77846,101],{"class":83},[47,77848,3509],{"class":87},[47,77850,107],{"class":83},[20,77852,338],{},[38,77854,77856],{"className":40,"code":77855,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,77857,77858],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77859,77860,77862,77864,77866,77868,77870,77872,77874,77876,77878,77880,77882,77884],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77861,3296],{"class":83},[47,77863,2693],{"class":61},[47,77865,3475],{"class":65},[47,77867,2693],{"class":61},[47,77869,590],{"class":83},[47,77871,2688],{"class":61},[47,77873,288],{"class":65},[47,77875,2693],{"class":61},[47,77877,590],{"class":83},[47,77879,2688],{"class":61},[47,77881,3492],{"class":65},[47,77883,2693],{"class":61},[47,77885,3030],{"class":83},[20,77887,77888],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[38,77890,77892],{"className":40,"code":77891,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,77893,77894,77926,77936,77940],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77895,77896,77898,77900,77902,77904,77906,77908,77910,77912,77914,77916,77918,77920,77922,77924],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77897,3466],{"class":53},[47,77899,58],{"class":57},[47,77901,3017],{"class":83},[47,77903,253],{"class":61},[47,77905,288],{"class":65},[47,77907,253],{"class":61},[47,77909,590],{"class":83},[47,77911,62],{"class":61},[47,77913,57174],{"class":65},[47,77915,253],{"class":61},[47,77917,590],{"class":83},[47,77919,62],{"class":61},[47,77921,3492],{"class":65},[47,77923,253],{"class":61},[47,77925,3030],{"class":83},[47,77927,77928,77930,77932,77934],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,77929,3509],{"class":53},[47,77931,84],{"class":83},[47,77933,34202],{"class":87},[47,77935,91],{"class":83},[47,77937,77938],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,77939,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,77941,77942,77944,77946,77948],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,77943,98],{"class":97},[47,77945,101],{"class":83},[47,77947,3509],{"class":87},[47,77949,107],{"class":83},[20,77951,338],{},[38,77953,77955],{"className":40,"code":77954,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,77956,77957],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77958,77959,77961,77963,77965,77967,77969,77971,77973,77975,77977,77979,77981,77983],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77960,3296],{"class":83},[47,77962,2693],{"class":61},[47,77964,57174],{"class":65},[47,77966,2693],{"class":61},[47,77968,590],{"class":83},[47,77970,2688],{"class":61},[47,77972,288],{"class":65},[47,77974,2693],{"class":61},[47,77976,590],{"class":83},[47,77978,2688],{"class":61},[47,77980,3492],{"class":65},[47,77982,2693],{"class":61},[47,77984,3030],{"class":83},[20,77986,77987,77988,1032],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,77989,77990],{},"key=str.lower",[38,77992,77994],{"className":40,"code":77993,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,77995,77996,78028,78050,78054],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77997,77998,78000,78002,78004,78006,78008,78010,78012,78014,78016,78018,78020,78022,78024,78026],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77999,3466],{"class":53},[47,78001,58],{"class":57},[47,78003,3017],{"class":83},[47,78005,253],{"class":61},[47,78007,288],{"class":65},[47,78009,253],{"class":61},[47,78011,590],{"class":83},[47,78013,62],{"class":61},[47,78015,57174],{"class":65},[47,78017,253],{"class":61},[47,78019,590],{"class":83},[47,78021,62],{"class":61},[47,78023,3492],{"class":65},[47,78025,253],{"class":61},[47,78027,3030],{"class":83},[47,78029,78030,78032,78034,78036,78038,78040,78042,78044,78046,78048],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,78031,3509],{"class":53},[47,78033,84],{"class":83},[47,78035,34202],{"class":87},[47,78037,101],{"class":83},[47,78039,14243],{"class":8573},[47,78041,58],{"class":57},[47,78043,920],{"class":919},[47,78045,84],{"class":83},[47,78047,8038],{"class":24153},[47,78049,107],{"class":83},[47,78051,78052],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,78053,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,78055,78056,78058,78060,78062],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,78057,98],{"class":97},[47,78059,101],{"class":83},[47,78061,3509],{"class":87},[47,78063,107],{"class":83},[20,78065,338],{},[38,78067,78068],{"className":40,"code":77954,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,78069,78070],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78071,78072,78074,78076,78078,78080,78082,78084,78086,78088,78090,78092,78094,78096],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78073,3296],{"class":83},[47,78075,2693],{"class":61},[47,78077,57174],{"class":65},[47,78079,2693],{"class":61},[47,78081,590],{"class":83},[47,78083,2688],{"class":61},[47,78085,288],{"class":65},[47,78087,2693],{"class":61},[47,78089,590],{"class":83},[47,78091,2688],{"class":61},[47,78093,3492],{"class":65},[47,78095,2693],{"class":61},[47,78097,3030],{"class":83},[20,78099,78100,78101,78104],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78102,78103],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[33,78106,36017,78108,36020],{"id":78107},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78109,14243],{},[20,78111,1371,78112,78114],{},[15,78113,14243],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78116,6742],{},[133,78118,78119,78124],{},[136,78120,78121,78123],{},[15,78122,10562],{}," to sort by length",[136,78125,78126,78128],{},[15,78127,78103],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78130,78131],{},"Sort words by length:",[38,78133,78135],{"className":40,"code":78134,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78136,78137,78178,78196,78200],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78138,78139,78141,78143,78145,78147,78150,78152,78154,78156,78158,78160,78162,78164,78166,78168,78170,78172,78174,78176],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78140,3466],{"class":53},[47,78142,58],{"class":57},[47,78144,3017],{"class":83},[47,78146,253],{"class":61},[47,78148,78149],{"class":65},"pear",[47,78151,253],{"class":61},[47,78153,590],{"class":83},[47,78155,62],{"class":61},[47,78157,288],{"class":65},[47,78159,253],{"class":61},[47,78161,590],{"class":83},[47,78163,62],{"class":61},[47,78165,37763],{"class":65},[47,78167,253],{"class":61},[47,78169,590],{"class":83},[47,78171,62],{"class":61},[47,78173,3475],{"class":65},[47,78175,253],{"class":61},[47,78177,3030],{"class":83},[47,78179,78180,78182,78184,78186,78188,78190,78192,78194],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,78181,3509],{"class":53},[47,78183,84],{"class":83},[47,78185,34202],{"class":87},[47,78187,101],{"class":83},[47,78189,14243],{"class":8573},[47,78191,58],{"class":57},[47,78193,10562],{"class":97},[47,78195,107],{"class":83},[47,78197,78198],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,78199,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,78201,78202,78204,78206,78208],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,78203,98],{"class":97},[47,78205,101],{"class":83},[47,78207,3509],{"class":87},[47,78209,107],{"class":83},[20,78211,338],{},[38,78213,78215],{"className":40,"code":78214,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78216,78217],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78218,78219,78221,78223,78225,78227,78229,78231,78233,78235,78237,78239,78241,78243,78245,78247,78249,78251],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78220,3296],{"class":83},[47,78222,2693],{"class":61},[47,78224,37763],{"class":65},[47,78226,2693],{"class":61},[47,78228,590],{"class":83},[47,78230,2688],{"class":61},[47,78232,78149],{"class":65},[47,78234,2693],{"class":61},[47,78236,590],{"class":83},[47,78238,2688],{"class":61},[47,78240,3475],{"class":65},[47,78242,2693],{"class":61},[47,78244,590],{"class":83},[47,78246,2688],{"class":61},[47,78248,288],{"class":65},[47,78250,2693],{"class":61},[47,78252,3030],{"class":83},[20,78254,78255],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[38,78257,78259],{"className":40,"code":78258,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78260,78261,78294,78316,78320],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78262,78263,78265,78267,78269,78271,78273,78275,78277,78279,78281,78283,78285,78287,78290,78292],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78264,3466],{"class":53},[47,78266,58],{"class":57},[47,78268,3017],{"class":83},[47,78270,253],{"class":61},[47,78272,4410],{"class":65},[47,78274,253],{"class":61},[47,78276,590],{"class":83},[47,78278,62],{"class":61},[47,78280,403],{"class":65},[47,78282,253],{"class":61},[47,78284,590],{"class":83},[47,78286,62],{"class":61},[47,78288,78289],{"class":65},"Carol",[47,78291,253],{"class":61},[47,78293,3030],{"class":83},[47,78295,78296,78298,78300,78302,78304,78306,78308,78310,78312,78314],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,78297,3509],{"class":53},[47,78299,84],{"class":83},[47,78301,34202],{"class":87},[47,78303,101],{"class":83},[47,78305,14243],{"class":8573},[47,78307,58],{"class":57},[47,78309,920],{"class":919},[47,78311,84],{"class":83},[47,78313,8038],{"class":24153},[47,78315,107],{"class":83},[47,78317,78318],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,78319,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,78321,78322,78324,78326,78328],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,78323,98],{"class":97},[47,78325,101],{"class":83},[47,78327,3509],{"class":87},[47,78329,107],{"class":83},[20,78331,338],{},[38,78333,78335],{"className":40,"code":78334,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78336,78337],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78338,78339,78341,78343,78345,78347,78349,78351,78353,78355,78357,78359,78361,78363],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78340,3296],{"class":83},[47,78342,2693],{"class":61},[47,78344,403],{"class":65},[47,78346,2693],{"class":61},[47,78348,590],{"class":83},[47,78350,2688],{"class":61},[47,78352,4410],{"class":65},[47,78354,2693],{"class":61},[47,78356,590],{"class":83},[47,78358,2688],{"class":61},[47,78360,78289],{"class":65},[47,78362,2693],{"class":61},[47,78364,3030],{"class":83},[20,78366,1371,78367,78369],{},[15,78368,14243],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[33,78371,78373,9985,78375],{"id":78372},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,78374,77272],{},[15,78376,73829],{},[20,78378,78379,1063,78381,78383],{},[15,78380,77272],{},[15,78382,73829],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,78385,78386,1032],{},[15,78387,77272],{},[133,78389,78390,78393],{},[136,78391,78392],{},"Changes the existing list",[136,78394,10824,78395],{},[15,78396,3174],{},[20,78398,78399,1032],{},[15,78400,73829],{},[133,78402,78403,78406],{},[136,78404,78405],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[136,78407,78408],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,78410,538],{},[38,78412,78414],{"className":40,"code":78413,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,78415,78416,78436,78440,78454,78458,78468],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78417,78418,78420,78422,78424,78426,78428,78430,78432,78434],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78419,3012],{"class":53},[47,78421,58],{"class":57},[47,78423,3017],{"class":83},[47,78425,1455],{"class":586},[47,78427,590],{"class":83},[47,78429,4898],{"class":586},[47,78431,590],{"class":83},[47,78433,2382],{"class":586},[47,78435,3030],{"class":83},[47,78437,78438],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,78439,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,78441,78442,78444,78446,78448,78450,78452],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,78443,55295],{"class":53},[47,78445,58],{"class":57},[47,78447,73963],{"class":97},[47,78449,101],{"class":83},[47,78451,3044],{"class":87},[47,78453,107],{"class":83},[47,78455,78456],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,78457,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,78459,78460,78462,78464,78466],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,78461,98],{"class":97},[47,78463,101],{"class":83},[47,78465,3044],{"class":87},[47,78467,107],{"class":83},[47,78469,78470,78472,78474,78476],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,78471,98],{"class":97},[47,78473,101],{"class":83},[47,78475,73686],{"class":87},[47,78477,107],{"class":83},[20,78479,338],{},[38,78481,78482],{"className":40,"code":73998,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,78483,78484,78500],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78485,78486,78488,78490,78492,78494,78496,78498],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78487,3296],{"class":83},[47,78489,1455],{"class":586},[47,78491,590],{"class":83},[47,78493,4898],{"class":586},[47,78495,590],{"class":83},[47,78497,2382],{"class":586},[47,78499,3030],{"class":83},[47,78501,78502,78504,78506,78508,78510,78512,78514],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,78503,3296],{"class":83},[47,78505,2377],{"class":586},[47,78507,590],{"class":83},[47,78509,2382],{"class":586},[47,78511,590],{"class":83},[47,78513,1841],{"class":586},[47,78515,3030],{"class":83},[20,78517,1486,78518,78520],{},[15,78519,73829],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,78522,78523,78524,1063,78528,84],{},"You can learn more in ",[154,78525,2968,78526,5184],{"href":73926},[15,78527,73829],{},[154,78529,78531],{"href":78530},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[33,78533,722],{"id":721},[20,78535,78536,78537,84],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,78538,77272],{},[724,78540,11994,78542],{"id":78541},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,78543,63717],{},[20,78545,25094],{},[38,78547,78549],{"className":40,"code":78548,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78550,78551,78571,78585,78589,78599],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78552,78553,78555,78557,78559,78561,78563,78565,78567,78569],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78554,3012],{"class":53},[47,78556,58],{"class":57},[47,78558,3017],{"class":83},[47,78560,1455],{"class":586},[47,78562,590],{"class":83},[47,78564,4898],{"class":586},[47,78566,590],{"class":83},[47,78568,2382],{"class":586},[47,78570,3030],{"class":83},[47,78572,78573,78575,78577,78579,78581,78583],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,78574,75],{"class":53},[47,78576,58],{"class":57},[47,78578,3659],{"class":53},[47,78580,84],{"class":83},[47,78582,34202],{"class":87},[47,78584,91],{"class":83},[47,78586,78587],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,78588,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,78590,78591,78593,78595,78597],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,78592,98],{"class":97},[47,78594,101],{"class":83},[47,78596,104],{"class":87},[47,78598,107],{"class":83},[47,78600,78601,78603,78605,78607],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,78602,98],{"class":97},[47,78604,101],{"class":83},[47,78606,3044],{"class":87},[47,78608,107],{"class":83},[20,78610,338],{},[38,78612,78614],{"className":40,"code":78613,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78615,78616,78620],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78617,78618],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78619,11207],{"class":1271},[47,78621,78622,78624,78626,78628,78630,78632,78634],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,78623,3296],{"class":83},[47,78625,2377],{"class":586},[47,78627,590],{"class":83},[47,78629,2382],{"class":586},[47,78631,590],{"class":83},[47,78633,1841],{"class":586},[47,78635,3030],{"class":83},[20,78637,78638,78640,78641,84],{},[15,78639,63717],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,78642,3174],{},[20,78644,78645,78646,6031],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,78647,73829],{},[724,78649,78651],{"id":78650},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,78653,78654],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[38,78656,78658],{"className":40,"code":78657,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,78659,78660,78685],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78661,78662,78664,78666,78668,78670,78672,78674,78677,78679,78681,78683],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78663,7178],{"class":53},[47,78665,58],{"class":57},[47,78667,3017],{"class":83},[47,78669,2377],{"class":586},[47,78671,590],{"class":83},[47,78673,62],{"class":61},[47,78675,78676],{"class":65},"two",[47,78678,253],{"class":61},[47,78680,590],{"class":83},[47,78682,1841],{"class":586},[47,78684,3030],{"class":83},[47,78686,78687,78689,78691,78693],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,78688,7209],{"class":53},[47,78690,84],{"class":83},[47,78692,34202],{"class":87},[47,78694,91],{"class":83},[20,78696,2392,78697,78699],{},[15,78698,2395],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[724,78701,4101,78703,78705],{"id":78702},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,78704,63717],{}," only works on lists",[20,78707,78708,78710],{},[15,78709,63717],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,78712,737],{},[38,78714,78716],{"className":40,"code":78715,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,78717,78718,78730],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78719,78720,78722,78724,78726,78728],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78721,54],{"class":53},[47,78723,58],{"class":57},[47,78725,62],{"class":61},[47,78727,42],{"class":65},[47,78729,69],{"class":61},[47,78731,78732,78734,78736,78738],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,78733,565],{"class":53},[47,78735,84],{"class":83},[47,78737,34202],{"class":87},[47,78739,91],{"class":83},[20,78741,78742,78743,894],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,78744,63717],{},[20,78746,78747],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[38,78749,78751],{"className":40,"code":78750,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,78752,78753,78771,78781,78785],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78754,78755,78757,78759,78761,78763,78765,78767,78769],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78756,35494],{"class":53},[47,78758,58],{"class":57},[47,78760,21962],{"class":919},[47,78762,101],{"class":83},[47,78764,253],{"class":61},[47,78766,42],{"class":65},[47,78768,253],{"class":61},[47,78770,107],{"class":83},[47,78772,78773,78775,78777,78779],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,78774,35547],{"class":53},[47,78776,84],{"class":83},[47,78778,34202],{"class":87},[47,78780,91],{"class":83},[47,78782,78783],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,78784,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,78786,78787,78789,78791,78793],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,78788,98],{"class":97},[47,78790,101],{"class":83},[47,78792,35547],{"class":87},[47,78794,107],{"class":83},[20,78796,338],{},[38,78798,78800],{"className":40,"code":78799,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,78801,78802],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78803,78804,78806,78808,78810,78812,78814,78816,78818,78820,78822,78824,78826,78828,78830,78832,78834,78836,78838,78840,78842,78844,78846,78848,78850,78852],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78805,3296],{"class":83},[47,78807,2693],{"class":61},[47,78809,59844],{"class":65},[47,78811,2693],{"class":61},[47,78813,590],{"class":83},[47,78815,2688],{"class":61},[47,78817,75435],{"class":65},[47,78819,2693],{"class":61},[47,78821,590],{"class":83},[47,78823,2688],{"class":61},[47,78825,59879],{"class":65},[47,78827,2693],{"class":61},[47,78829,590],{"class":83},[47,78831,2688],{"class":61},[47,78833,20],{"class":65},[47,78835,2693],{"class":61},[47,78837,590],{"class":83},[47,78839,2688],{"class":61},[47,78841,62692],{"class":65},[47,78843,2693],{"class":61},[47,78845,590],{"class":83},[47,78847,2688],{"class":61},[47,78849,11144],{"class":65},[47,78851,2693],{"class":61},[47,78853,3030],{"class":83},[724,78855,78857,78858,78860],{"id":78856},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,78859,14243],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,78862,78863,78864,84],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,78865,14243],{},[20,78867,78868,78869,78871],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,78870,63717],{}," will not do that:",[38,78873,78875],{"className":40,"code":78874,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78876,78877,78909,78927,78931],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78878,78879,78881,78883,78885,78887,78889,78891,78893,78895,78897,78899,78901,78903,78905,78907],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78880,3466],{"class":53},[47,78882,58],{"class":57},[47,78884,3017],{"class":83},[47,78886,253],{"class":61},[47,78888,288],{"class":65},[47,78890,253],{"class":61},[47,78892,590],{"class":83},[47,78894,62],{"class":61},[47,78896,37763],{"class":65},[47,78898,253],{"class":61},[47,78900,590],{"class":83},[47,78902,62],{"class":61},[47,78904,3475],{"class":65},[47,78906,253],{"class":61},[47,78908,3030],{"class":83},[47,78910,78911,78913,78915,78917,78919,78921,78923,78925],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,78912,3509],{"class":53},[47,78914,84],{"class":83},[47,78916,34202],{"class":87},[47,78918,101],{"class":83},[47,78920,14243],{"class":8573},[47,78922,58],{"class":57},[47,78924,10562],{"class":97},[47,78926,107],{"class":83},[47,78928,78929],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,78930,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,78932,78933,78935,78937,78939],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,78934,98],{"class":97},[47,78936,101],{"class":83},[47,78938,3509],{"class":87},[47,78940,107],{"class":83},[724,78942,78944],{"id":78943},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,78946,78947],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[38,78949,78951],{"className":40,"code":78950,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78952,78953,78987,78997,79001],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78954,78955,78957,78959,78961,78963,78966,78968,78970,78972,78974,78976,78978,78980,78983,78985],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78956,3466],{"class":53},[47,78958,58],{"class":57},[47,78960,3017],{"class":83},[47,78962,253],{"class":61},[47,78964,78965],{"class":65},"zebra",[47,78967,253],{"class":61},[47,78969,590],{"class":83},[47,78971,62],{"class":61},[47,78973,57174],{"class":65},[47,78975,253],{"class":61},[47,78977,590],{"class":83},[47,78979,62],{"class":61},[47,78981,78982],{"class":65},"monkey",[47,78984,253],{"class":61},[47,78986,3030],{"class":83},[47,78988,78989,78991,78993,78995],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,78990,3509],{"class":53},[47,78992,84],{"class":83},[47,78994,34202],{"class":87},[47,78996,91],{"class":83},[47,78998,78999],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,79000,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,79002,79003,79005,79007,79009],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,79004,98],{"class":97},[47,79006,101],{"class":83},[47,79008,3509],{"class":87},[47,79010,107],{"class":83},[20,79012,338],{},[38,79014,79016],{"className":40,"code":79015,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79017,79018],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79019,79020,79022,79024,79026,79028,79030,79032,79034,79036,79038,79040,79042,79044],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79021,3296],{"class":83},[47,79023,2693],{"class":61},[47,79025,57174],{"class":65},[47,79027,2693],{"class":61},[47,79029,590],{"class":83},[47,79031,2688],{"class":61},[47,79033,78982],{"class":65},[47,79035,2693],{"class":61},[47,79037,590],{"class":83},[47,79039,2688],{"class":61},[47,79041,78965],{"class":65},[47,79043,2693],{"class":61},[47,79045,3030],{"class":83},[20,79047,1486,79048,79050],{},[15,79049,77990],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[724,79052,60116],{"id":60115},[20,79054,79055],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[38,79057,79059],{"className":40,"code":79058,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79060,79061,79071,79085,79099,79113],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79062,79063,79065,79067,79069],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79064,98],{"class":97},[47,79066,101],{"class":83},[47,79068,7737],{"class":87},[47,79070,107],{"class":83},[47,79072,79073,79075,79077,79079,79081,79083],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,79074,98],{"class":97},[47,79076,101],{"class":83},[47,79078,2613],{"class":919},[47,79080,101],{"class":83},[47,79082,7737],{"class":87},[47,79084,1419],{"class":83},[47,79086,79087,79089,79091,79093,79095,79097],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,79088,98],{"class":97},[47,79090,101],{"class":83},[47,79092,7737],{"class":87},[47,79094,84],{"class":83},[47,79096,34202],{"class":87},[47,79098,236],{"class":83},[47,79100,79101,79103,79105,79107,79109,79111],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,79102,98],{"class":97},[47,79104,101],{"class":83},[47,79106,73919],{"class":97},[47,79108,101],{"class":83},[47,79110,7737],{"class":87},[47,79112,1419],{"class":83},[47,79114,79115,79117,79119,79121,79123,79125,79127,79129,79131,79133,79135],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,79116,98],{"class":97},[47,79118,2374],{"class":83},[47,79120,2613],{"class":919},[47,79122,101],{"class":83},[47,79124,22713],{"class":87},[47,79126,3057],{"class":83},[47,79128,3272],{"class":655},[47,79130,5362],{"class":87},[47,79132,3278],{"class":655},[47,79134,7794],{"class":87},[47,79136,3284],{"class":83},[20,79138,10571],{},[133,79140,79141,79144,79147,79154,79160],{},[136,79142,79143],{},"What values are in the list",[136,79145,79146],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[136,79148,79149,79150,1786,79152],{},"That ",[15,79151,63717],{},[15,79153,3174],{},[136,79155,79156,79157,79159],{},"Whether ",[15,79158,73829],{}," works better for your case",[136,79161,79162],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79164,79165,79166,79168],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79167,2395],{}," problems.",[33,79170,1155],{"id":1154},[724,79172,1159,79174,54874],{"id":79173},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79175,77272],{},[20,79177,62008,79178,84],{},[15,79179,3174],{},[724,79181,4578,79183,1063,79185,1883],{"id":79182},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79184,63717],{},[15,79186,73829],{},[20,79188,79189,79191,79192,79194],{},[15,79190,63717],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79193,73829],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[724,79196,79198],{"id":79197},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79200,18097],{},[38,79202,79204],{"className":40,"code":79203,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79205,79206],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79207,79208,79210,79212,79214,79216,79218,79220,79222],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79209,7737],{"class":53},[47,79211,84],{"class":83},[47,79213,34202],{"class":87},[47,79215,101],{"class":83},[47,79217,72982],{"class":8573},[47,79219,58],{"class":57},[47,79221,2997],{"class":1271},[47,79223,107],{"class":83},[724,79225,79227],{"id":79226},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79229,18097],{},[38,79231,79233],{"className":40,"code":79232,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79234,79235],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79236,79237,79239,79241,79243,79245,79247,79249,79251,79253,79255],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79238,7737],{"class":53},[47,79240,84],{"class":83},[47,79242,34202],{"class":87},[47,79244,101],{"class":83},[47,79246,14243],{"class":8573},[47,79248,58],{"class":57},[47,79250,920],{"class":919},[47,79252,84],{"class":83},[47,79254,8038],{"class":24153},[47,79256,107],{"class":83},[20,79258,79259],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[724,79261,79263,79264,79266],{"id":79262},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79265,2395],{}," when sorting?",[20,79268,79269],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[33,79271,1275],{"id":1274},[133,79273,79274,79279,79285,79289],{},[136,79275,79276],{},[154,79277,79278],{"href":77781},"How to sort a list in Python",[136,79280,79281],{},[154,79282,2968,79283,5184],{"href":73926},[15,79284,73829],{},[136,79286,79287],{},[154,79288,66483],{"href":50383},[136,79290,79291],{},[154,79292,78531],{"href":78530},[1320,79294,79295],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":79297},[79298,79299,79301,79302,79303,79304,79306,79308,79319,79329],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":77338,"depth":72,"text":79300},"What list.sort() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":77593,"depth":72,"text":77594},{"id":77785,"depth":72,"text":77786},{"id":78107,"depth":72,"text":79305},"Using the key argument",{"id":78372,"depth":72,"text":79307},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722,"children":79309},[79310,79312,79313,79315,79317,79318],{"id":78541,"depth":94,"text":79311},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":78650,"depth":94,"text":78651},{"id":78702,"depth":94,"text":79314},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":78856,"depth":94,"text":79316},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":78943,"depth":94,"text":78944},{"id":60115,"depth":94,"text":60116},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":79320},[79321,79323,79325,79326,79327],{"id":79173,"depth":94,"text":79322},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79182,"depth":94,"text":79324},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79197,"depth":94,"text":79198},{"id":79226,"depth":94,"text":79227},{"id":79262,"depth":94,"text":79328},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77260,"description":79330},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79337,"title":79338,"body":79339,"description":81970,"extension":1354,"meta":81971,"navigation":311,"path":81972,"seo":81973,"stem":81974,"__hash__":81975},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79340,"toc":81929},[79341,79346,79351,79354,79365,79368,79388,79390,79452,79454,79495,79504,79509,79514,79520,79531,79533,79552,79555,79560,79565,79567,79572,79586,79588,79606,79609,79626,79629,79635,79658,79663,79665,79668,79729,79731,79764,79766,79805,79813,79823,79829,79834,79927,79929,79953,79955,79973,79976,80007,80013,80018,80021,80023,80148,80150,80174,80176,80195,80201,80207,80326,80328,80345,80352,80358,80363,80370,80376,80378,80435,80438,80459,80462,80465,80526,80528,80561,80565,80635,80637,80654,80658,80661,80736,80738,80775,80778,80781,80852,80854,80915,80920,80925,80928,80942,80944,81017,81019,81039,81042,81045,81102,81164,81167,81199,81202,81217,81222,81224,81230,81233,81289,81292,81294,81313,81317,81319,81363,81372,81374,81434,81438,81441,81443,81536,81538,81653,81657,81659,81733,81736,81739,81741,81746,81811,81813,81837,81847,81849,81855,81864,81873,81882,81888,81891,81895,81898,81900,81926],[10,79342,2968,79344,2972],{"id":79343},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79345,39119],{},[20,79347,2975,79348,79350],{},[15,79349,39119],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79352,79353],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[133,79355,79356,79359,79362],{},[136,79357,79358],{},"converting numbers to strings",[136,79360,79361],{},"changing strings to integers",[136,79363,79364],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,79366,79367],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[133,79369,79370,79377,79383],{},[136,79371,79372,13455,79374,79376],{},[15,79373,39119],{},[121,79375,123],{}," return a list in Python 3",[136,79378,79379,79380],{},"it returns a ",[121,79381,79382],{},"map object",[136,79384,79385,79386],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,79387,24184],{},[33,79389,36],{"id":35},[38,79391,79393],{"className":40,"code":79392,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79394,79395,79419,79438],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79396,79397,79399,79401,79403,79405,79407,79409,79411,79413,79415,79417],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79398,3012],{"class":53},[47,79400,58],{"class":57},[47,79402,3017],{"class":83},[47,79404,2377],{"class":586},[47,79406,590],{"class":83},[47,79408,2382],{"class":586},[47,79410,590],{"class":83},[47,79412,1841],{"class":586},[47,79414,590],{"class":83},[47,79416,1847],{"class":586},[47,79418,3030],{"class":83},[47,79420,79421,79423,79425,79428,79430,79432,79434,79436],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,79422,75],{"class":53},[47,79424,58],{"class":57},[47,79426,79427],{"class":97}," map",[47,79429,101],{"class":83},[47,79431,920],{"class":919},[47,79433,590],{"class":83},[47,79435,3659],{"class":87},[47,79437,107],{"class":83},[47,79439,79440,79442,79444,79446,79448,79450],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,79441,98],{"class":97},[47,79443,101],{"class":83},[47,79445,7492],{"class":919},[47,79447,101],{"class":83},[47,79449,104],{"class":87},[47,79451,1419],{"class":83},[20,79453,338],{},[38,79455,79457],{"className":40,"code":79456,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,79458,79459],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79460,79461,79463,79465,79467,79469,79471,79473,79475,79477,79479,79481,79483,79485,79487,79489,79491,79493],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79462,3296],{"class":83},[47,79464,2693],{"class":61},[47,79466,2377],{"class":65},[47,79468,2693],{"class":61},[47,79470,590],{"class":83},[47,79472,2688],{"class":61},[47,79474,1449],{"class":65},[47,79476,2693],{"class":61},[47,79478,590],{"class":83},[47,79480,2688],{"class":61},[47,79482,1455],{"class":65},[47,79484,2693],{"class":61},[47,79486,590],{"class":83},[47,79488,2688],{"class":61},[47,79490,1896],{"class":65},[47,79492,2693],{"class":61},[47,79494,3030],{"class":83},[20,79496,1486,79497,79500,79501,79503],{},[15,79498,79499],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,79502,24184],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[33,79505,128,79507,131],{"id":79506},"what-map-does",[15,79508,39119],{},[20,79510,79511,79513],{},[15,79512,39119],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79515,79516,79517,79519],{},"An ",[121,79518,3116],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[133,79521,79522,79524,79526,79528],{},[136,79523,37306],{},[136,79525,37309],{},[136,79527,37312],{},[136,79529,79530],{},"a range object",[20,79532,30130],{},[38,79534,79536],{"className":40,"code":79535,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,79537,79538],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79539,79540,79542,79544,79546,79548,79550],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79541,39262],{"class":97},[47,79543,101],{"class":83},[47,79545,37265],{"class":87},[47,79547,590],{"class":83},[47,79549,37270],{"class":87},[47,79551,107],{"class":83},[20,79553,79554],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,79556,79557,79558,33147],{},"Important: the result is a ",[121,79559,79382],{},[20,79561,79562,79563,84],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[154,79564,4534],{"href":4533},[33,79566,166],{"id":165},[20,79568,79569,79571],{},[15,79570,39119],{}," needs at least two parts:",[133,79573,79574,79580],{},[136,79575,79576,79579],{},[121,79577,79578],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[136,79581,79582,79585],{},[121,79583,79584],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,79587,3101],{},[38,79589,79590],{"className":40,"code":79535,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,79591,79592],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79593,79594,79596,79598,79600,79602,79604],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79595,39262],{"class":97},[47,79597,101],{"class":83},[47,79599,37265],{"class":87},[47,79601,590],{"class":83},[47,79603,37270],{"class":87},[47,79605,107],{"class":83},[20,79607,79608],{},"You can pass:",[133,79610,79611,79620,79623],{},[136,79612,79613,79614,712,79616,716,79618],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,79615,920],{},[15,79617,890],{},[15,79619,1408],{},[136,79621,79622],{},"your own custom function",[136,79624,79625],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,79627,79628],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,79630,79631,79632,79634],{},"You will often see ",[15,79633,39119],{}," used like this:",[38,79636,79638],{"className":40,"code":79637,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,79639,79640],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79641,79642,79644,79646,79648,79650,79652,79654,79656],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79643,7492],{"class":919},[47,79645,101],{"class":83},[47,79647,39262],{"class":97},[47,79649,101],{"class":83},[47,79651,37265],{"class":87},[47,79653,590],{"class":83},[47,79655,3281],{"class":87},[47,79657,1419],{"class":83},[20,79659,6077,79660,79662],{},[15,79661,24184],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[33,79664,268],{"id":267},[20,79666,79667],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[38,79669,79671],{"className":40,"code":79670,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79672,79673,79693,79711,79715],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79674,79675,79677,79679,79681,79683,79685,79687,79689,79691],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79676,3012],{"class":53},[47,79678,58],{"class":57},[47,79680,3017],{"class":83},[47,79682,1719],{"class":586},[47,79684,590],{"class":83},[47,79686,7189],{"class":586},[47,79688,590],{"class":83},[47,79690,7194],{"class":586},[47,79692,3030],{"class":83},[47,79694,79695,79697,79699,79701,79703,79705,79707,79709],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,79696,75],{"class":53},[47,79698,58],{"class":57},[47,79700,79427],{"class":97},[47,79702,101],{"class":83},[47,79704,920],{"class":919},[47,79706,590],{"class":83},[47,79708,3659],{"class":87},[47,79710,107],{"class":83},[47,79712,79713],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,79714,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,79716,79717,79719,79721,79723,79725,79727],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,79718,98],{"class":97},[47,79720,101],{"class":83},[47,79722,7492],{"class":919},[47,79724,101],{"class":83},[47,79726,104],{"class":87},[47,79728,1419],{"class":83},[20,79730,338],{},[38,79732,79734],{"className":40,"code":79733,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,79735,79736],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79737,79738,79740,79742,79744,79746,79748,79750,79752,79754,79756,79758,79760,79762],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79739,3296],{"class":83},[47,79741,2693],{"class":61},[47,79743,1719],{"class":65},[47,79745,2693],{"class":61},[47,79747,590],{"class":83},[47,79749,2688],{"class":61},[47,79751,15157],{"class":65},[47,79753,2693],{"class":61},[47,79755,590],{"class":83},[47,79757,2688],{"class":61},[47,79759,36246],{"class":65},[47,79761,2693],{"class":61},[47,79763,3030],{"class":83},[20,79765,11082],{},[133,79767,79768,79773,79781,79789,79797],{},[136,79769,79770,79772],{},[15,79771,3044],{}," contains integers",[136,79774,79775,79778,79779],{},[15,79776,79777],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,79780,47088],{},[136,79782,79783,41558,79786],{},[15,79784,79785],{},"str(10)",[15,79787,79788],{},"'10'",[136,79790,79791,41558,79794],{},[15,79792,79793],{},"str(20)",[15,79795,79796],{},"'20'",[136,79798,79799,41558,79802],{},[15,79800,79801],{},"str(30)",[15,79803,79804],{},"'30'",[20,79806,53058,79807,79809,79810,79812],{},[15,79808,39119],{}," applies ",[15,79811,47088],{}," one item at a time.",[20,79814,79815,79816,79818,79819,84],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,79817,24184],{}," better, see ",[154,79820,2968,79821,2901],{"href":64253},[15,79822,24184],{},[33,79824,7816,79826,79828],{"id":79825},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,79827,39119],{}," with your own function",[20,79830,15117,79831,79833],{},[15,79832,39119],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[38,79835,79837],{"className":40,"code":79836,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79838,79839,79852,79862,79866,79890,79909,79913],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79840,79841,79843,79846,79848,79850],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79842,34254],{"class":1458},[47,79844,79845],{"class":34257}," double",[47,79847,101],{"class":83},[47,79849,1567],{"class":37067},[47,79851,7740],{"class":83},[47,79853,79854,79856,79858,79860],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,79855,34265],{"class":655},[47,79857,3275],{"class":53},[47,79859,39275],{"class":57},[47,79861,44993],{"class":586},[47,79863,79864],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,79865,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,79867,79868,79870,79872,79874,79876,79878,79880,79882,79884,79886,79888],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,79869,3012],{"class":53},[47,79871,58],{"class":57},[47,79873,3017],{"class":83},[47,79875,2377],{"class":586},[47,79877,590],{"class":83},[47,79879,2382],{"class":586},[47,79881,590],{"class":83},[47,79883,1841],{"class":586},[47,79885,590],{"class":83},[47,79887,1847],{"class":586},[47,79889,3030],{"class":83},[47,79891,79892,79894,79896,79898,79900,79903,79905,79907],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,79893,75],{"class":53},[47,79895,58],{"class":57},[47,79897,79427],{"class":97},[47,79899,101],{"class":83},[47,79901,79902],{"class":87},"double",[47,79904,590],{"class":83},[47,79906,3659],{"class":87},[47,79908,107],{"class":83},[47,79910,79911],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,79912,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,79914,79915,79917,79919,79921,79923,79925],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,79916,98],{"class":97},[47,79918,101],{"class":83},[47,79920,7492],{"class":919},[47,79922,101],{"class":83},[47,79924,104],{"class":87},[47,79926,1419],{"class":83},[20,79928,338],{},[38,79930,79931],{"className":40,"code":39288,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,79932,79933],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79934,79935,79937,79939,79941,79943,79945,79947,79949,79951],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79936,3296],{"class":83},[47,79938,1449],{"class":586},[47,79940,590],{"class":83},[47,79942,1847],{"class":586},[47,79944,590],{"class":83},[47,79946,37048],{"class":586},[47,79948,590],{"class":83},[47,79950,5760],{"class":586},[47,79952,3030],{"class":83},[20,79954,64990],{},[133,79956,79957,79964,79970],{},[136,79958,79959,79961,79962],{},[15,79960,39119],{}," takes the function ",[15,79963,79902],{},[136,79965,79966,79967,79969],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,79968,3044],{}," into that function",[136,79971,79972],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,79974,79975],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[133,79977,79978,79985,79992,80000],{},[136,79979,79980,5473,79983],{},[15,79981,79982],{},"double(1)",[15,79984,1449],{},[136,79986,79987,5473,79990],{},[15,79988,79989],{},"double(2)",[15,79991,1896],{},[136,79993,79994,5473,79997],{},[15,79995,79996],{},"double(3)",[15,79998,79999],{},"6",[136,80001,80002,5473,80005],{},[15,80003,80004],{},"double(4)",[15,80006,1734],{},[33,80008,7816,80010,80012],{"id":80009},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80011,39119],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80014,80015,80017],{},[15,80016,39119],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80019,80020],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80022,538],{},[38,80024,80026],{"className":40,"code":80025,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80027,80028,80045,80055,80059,80080,80101,80105,80130,80134],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80029,80030,80032,80035,80037,80039,80041,80043],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80031,34254],{"class":1458},[47,80033,80034],{"class":34257}," add_numbers",[47,80036,101],{"class":83},[47,80038,154],{"class":37067},[47,80040,590],{"class":83},[47,80042,1253],{"class":37067},[47,80044,7740],{"class":83},[47,80046,80047,80049,80051,80053],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,80048,34265],{"class":655},[47,80050,43948],{"class":53},[47,80052,1452],{"class":57},[47,80054,35586],{"class":53},[47,80056,80057],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,80058,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,80060,80061,80064,80066,80068,80070,80072,80074,80076,80078],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,80062,80063],{"class":53},"list1 ",[47,80065,58],{"class":57},[47,80067,3017],{"class":83},[47,80069,2377],{"class":586},[47,80071,590],{"class":83},[47,80073,2382],{"class":586},[47,80075,590],{"class":83},[47,80077,1841],{"class":586},[47,80079,3030],{"class":83},[47,80081,80082,80085,80087,80089,80091,80093,80095,80097,80099],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,80083,80084],{"class":53},"list2 ",[47,80086,58],{"class":57},[47,80088,3017],{"class":83},[47,80090,1719],{"class":586},[47,80092,590],{"class":83},[47,80094,7189],{"class":586},[47,80096,590],{"class":83},[47,80098,7194],{"class":586},[47,80100,3030],{"class":83},[47,80102,80103],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,80104,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,80106,80107,80109,80111,80113,80115,80118,80120,80123,80125,80128],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,80108,75],{"class":53},[47,80110,58],{"class":57},[47,80112,79427],{"class":97},[47,80114,101],{"class":83},[47,80116,80117],{"class":87},"add_numbers",[47,80119,590],{"class":83},[47,80121,80122],{"class":87}," list1",[47,80124,590],{"class":83},[47,80126,80127],{"class":87}," list2",[47,80129,107],{"class":83},[47,80131,80132],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,80133,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,80135,80136,80138,80140,80142,80144,80146],{"class":49,"line":5831},[47,80137,98],{"class":97},[47,80139,101],{"class":83},[47,80141,7492],{"class":919},[47,80143,101],{"class":83},[47,80145,104],{"class":87},[47,80147,1419],{"class":83},[20,80149,338],{},[38,80151,80153],{"className":40,"code":80152,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80154,80155],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80156,80157,80159,80162,80164,80167,80169,80172],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80158,3296],{"class":83},[47,80160,80161],{"class":586},"11",[47,80163,590],{"class":83},[47,80165,80166],{"class":586}," 22",[47,80168,590],{"class":83},[47,80170,80171],{"class":586}," 33",[47,80173,3030],{"class":83},[20,80175,1572],{},[133,80177,80178,80184,80190],{},[136,80179,80180,80181],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80182,80183],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[136,80185,80186,80187],{},"then ",[15,80188,80189],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[136,80191,80186,80192],{},[15,80193,80194],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[724,80196,80198,80200],{"id":80197},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80199,39119],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80202,80203,80204,80206],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80205,39119],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[38,80208,80210],{"className":40,"code":80209,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80211,80212,80228,80238,80242,80266,80282,80286,80308,80312],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80213,80214,80216,80218,80220,80222,80224,80226],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80215,34254],{"class":1458},[47,80217,80034],{"class":34257},[47,80219,101],{"class":83},[47,80221,154],{"class":37067},[47,80223,590],{"class":83},[47,80225,1253],{"class":37067},[47,80227,7740],{"class":83},[47,80229,80230,80232,80234,80236],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,80231,34265],{"class":655},[47,80233,43948],{"class":53},[47,80235,1452],{"class":57},[47,80237,35586],{"class":53},[47,80239,80240],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,80241,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,80243,80244,80246,80248,80250,80252,80254,80256,80258,80260,80262,80264],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,80245,80063],{"class":53},[47,80247,58],{"class":57},[47,80249,3017],{"class":83},[47,80251,2377],{"class":586},[47,80253,590],{"class":83},[47,80255,2382],{"class":586},[47,80257,590],{"class":83},[47,80259,1841],{"class":586},[47,80261,590],{"class":83},[47,80263,1847],{"class":586},[47,80265,3030],{"class":83},[47,80267,80268,80270,80272,80274,80276,80278,80280],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,80269,80084],{"class":53},[47,80271,58],{"class":57},[47,80273,3017],{"class":83},[47,80275,1719],{"class":586},[47,80277,590],{"class":83},[47,80279,7189],{"class":586},[47,80281,3030],{"class":83},[47,80283,80284],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,80285,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,80287,80288,80290,80292,80294,80296,80298,80300,80302,80304,80306],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,80289,75],{"class":53},[47,80291,58],{"class":57},[47,80293,79427],{"class":97},[47,80295,101],{"class":83},[47,80297,80117],{"class":87},[47,80299,590],{"class":83},[47,80301,80122],{"class":87},[47,80303,590],{"class":83},[47,80305,80127],{"class":87},[47,80307,107],{"class":83},[47,80309,80310],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,80311,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,80313,80314,80316,80318,80320,80322,80324],{"class":49,"line":5831},[47,80315,98],{"class":97},[47,80317,101],{"class":83},[47,80319,7492],{"class":919},[47,80321,101],{"class":83},[47,80323,104],{"class":87},[47,80325,1419],{"class":83},[20,80327,338],{},[38,80329,80331],{"className":40,"code":80330,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80332,80333],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80334,80335,80337,80339,80341,80343],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80336,3296],{"class":83},[47,80338,80161],{"class":586},[47,80340,590],{"class":83},[47,80342,80166],{"class":586},[47,80344,3030],{"class":83},[20,80346,80347,80348,80351],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80349,80350],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[33,80353,80355,80357],{"id":80354},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80356,39119],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,80359,37428,80360,80362],{},[15,80361,39119],{}," returns a map object.",[20,80364,80365,80366,80369],{},"This object is ",[121,80367,80368],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[724,80371,1879,80373,80375],{"id":80372},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,80374,32433],{}," looks strange",[20,80377,33048],{},[38,80379,80381],{"className":40,"code":80380,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,80382,80383,80403,80421,80425],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80384,80385,80387,80389,80391,80393,80395,80397,80399,80401],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80386,3012],{"class":53},[47,80388,58],{"class":57},[47,80390,3017],{"class":83},[47,80392,2377],{"class":586},[47,80394,590],{"class":83},[47,80396,2382],{"class":586},[47,80398,590],{"class":83},[47,80400,1841],{"class":586},[47,80402,3030],{"class":83},[47,80404,80405,80407,80409,80411,80413,80415,80417,80419],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,80406,75],{"class":53},[47,80408,58],{"class":57},[47,80410,79427],{"class":97},[47,80412,101],{"class":83},[47,80414,920],{"class":919},[47,80416,590],{"class":83},[47,80418,3659],{"class":87},[47,80420,107],{"class":83},[47,80422,80423],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,80424,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,80426,80427,80429,80431,80433],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,80428,98],{"class":97},[47,80430,101],{"class":83},[47,80432,104],{"class":87},[47,80434,107],{"class":83},[20,80436,80437],{},"Output will look something like this:",[38,80439,80441],{"className":40,"code":80440,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,80442,80443],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80444,80445,80447,80449,80451,80453,80455,80457],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80446,2682],{"class":57},[47,80448,39262],{"class":97},[47,80450,24020],{"class":919},[47,80452,36768],{"class":53},[47,80454,36772],{"class":36771},[47,80456,36775],{"class":353},[47,80458,2696],{"class":57},[20,80460,80461],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,80463,80464],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[38,80466,80468],{"className":40,"code":80467,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80469,80470,80490,80508,80512],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80471,80472,80474,80476,80478,80480,80482,80484,80486,80488],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80473,3012],{"class":53},[47,80475,58],{"class":57},[47,80477,3017],{"class":83},[47,80479,2377],{"class":586},[47,80481,590],{"class":83},[47,80483,2382],{"class":586},[47,80485,590],{"class":83},[47,80487,1841],{"class":586},[47,80489,3030],{"class":83},[47,80491,80492,80494,80496,80498,80500,80502,80504,80506],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,80493,75],{"class":53},[47,80495,58],{"class":57},[47,80497,79427],{"class":97},[47,80499,101],{"class":83},[47,80501,920],{"class":919},[47,80503,590],{"class":83},[47,80505,3659],{"class":87},[47,80507,107],{"class":83},[47,80509,80510],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,80511,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,80513,80514,80516,80518,80520,80522,80524],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,80515,98],{"class":97},[47,80517,101],{"class":83},[47,80519,7492],{"class":919},[47,80521,101],{"class":83},[47,80523,104],{"class":87},[47,80525,1419],{"class":83},[20,80527,338],{},[38,80529,80531],{"className":40,"code":80530,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80532,80533],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80534,80535,80537,80539,80541,80543,80545,80547,80549,80551,80553,80555,80557,80559],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80536,3296],{"class":83},[47,80538,2693],{"class":61},[47,80540,2377],{"class":65},[47,80542,2693],{"class":61},[47,80544,590],{"class":83},[47,80546,2688],{"class":61},[47,80548,1449],{"class":65},[47,80550,2693],{"class":61},[47,80552,590],{"class":83},[47,80554,2688],{"class":61},[47,80556,1455],{"class":65},[47,80558,2693],{"class":61},[47,80560,3030],{"class":83},[724,80562,80564],{"id":80563},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[38,80566,80568],{"className":40,"code":80567,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,80569,80570,80590,80608,80612,80625],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80571,80572,80574,80576,80578,80580,80582,80584,80586,80588],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80573,3012],{"class":53},[47,80575,58],{"class":57},[47,80577,3017],{"class":83},[47,80579,2377],{"class":586},[47,80581,590],{"class":83},[47,80583,2382],{"class":586},[47,80585,590],{"class":83},[47,80587,1841],{"class":586},[47,80589,3030],{"class":83},[47,80591,80592,80594,80596,80598,80600,80602,80604,80606],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,80593,75],{"class":53},[47,80595,58],{"class":57},[47,80597,79427],{"class":97},[47,80599,101],{"class":83},[47,80601,920],{"class":919},[47,80603,590],{"class":83},[47,80605,3659],{"class":87},[47,80607,107],{"class":83},[47,80609,80610],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,80611,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,80613,80614,80616,80618,80620,80623],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,80615,5359],{"class":655},[47,80617,5362],{"class":53},[47,80619,3278],{"class":655},[47,80621,80622],{"class":53}," result",[47,80624,679],{"class":83},[47,80626,80627,80629,80631,80633],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,80628,684],{"class":97},[47,80630,101],{"class":83},[47,80632,22713],{"class":87},[47,80634,107],{"class":83},[20,80636,338],{},[38,80638,80640],{"className":40,"code":80639,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,80641,80642,80646,80650],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80643,80644],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80645,46321],{"class":586},[47,80647,80648],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,80649,16458],{"class":586},[47,80651,80652],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,80653,46021],{"class":586},[724,80655,80657],{"id":80656},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,80659,80660],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[38,80662,80664],{"className":40,"code":80663,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80665,80666,80686,80704,80708,80722],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80667,80668,80670,80672,80674,80676,80678,80680,80682,80684],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80669,3012],{"class":53},[47,80671,58],{"class":57},[47,80673,3017],{"class":83},[47,80675,2377],{"class":586},[47,80677,590],{"class":83},[47,80679,2382],{"class":586},[47,80681,590],{"class":83},[47,80683,1841],{"class":586},[47,80685,3030],{"class":83},[47,80687,80688,80690,80692,80694,80696,80698,80700,80702],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,80689,75],{"class":53},[47,80691,58],{"class":57},[47,80693,79427],{"class":97},[47,80695,101],{"class":83},[47,80697,920],{"class":919},[47,80699,590],{"class":83},[47,80701,3659],{"class":87},[47,80703,107],{"class":83},[47,80705,80706],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,80707,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,80709,80710,80712,80714,80716,80718,80720],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,80711,98],{"class":97},[47,80713,101],{"class":83},[47,80715,7492],{"class":919},[47,80717,101],{"class":83},[47,80719,104],{"class":87},[47,80721,1419],{"class":83},[47,80723,80724,80726,80728,80730,80732,80734],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,80725,98],{"class":97},[47,80727,101],{"class":83},[47,80729,7492],{"class":919},[47,80731,101],{"class":83},[47,80733,104],{"class":87},[47,80735,1419],{"class":83},[20,80737,338],{},[38,80739,80741],{"className":40,"code":80740,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,80742,80743,80771],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80744,80745,80747,80749,80751,80753,80755,80757,80759,80761,80763,80765,80767,80769],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80746,3296],{"class":83},[47,80748,2693],{"class":61},[47,80750,2377],{"class":65},[47,80752,2693],{"class":61},[47,80754,590],{"class":83},[47,80756,2688],{"class":61},[47,80758,1449],{"class":65},[47,80760,2693],{"class":61},[47,80762,590],{"class":83},[47,80764,2688],{"class":61},[47,80766,1455],{"class":65},[47,80768,2693],{"class":61},[47,80770,3030],{"class":83},[47,80772,80773],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,80774,37702],{"class":83},[20,80776,80777],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,80779,80780],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[38,80782,80784],{"className":40,"code":80783,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,80785,80786,80806,80828,80832,80842],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80787,80788,80790,80792,80794,80796,80798,80800,80802,80804],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80789,3012],{"class":53},[47,80791,58],{"class":57},[47,80793,3017],{"class":83},[47,80795,2377],{"class":586},[47,80797,590],{"class":83},[47,80799,2382],{"class":586},[47,80801,590],{"class":83},[47,80803,1841],{"class":586},[47,80805,3030],{"class":83},[47,80807,80808,80810,80812,80814,80816,80818,80820,80822,80824,80826],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,80809,75],{"class":53},[47,80811,58],{"class":57},[47,80813,21962],{"class":919},[47,80815,101],{"class":83},[47,80817,39262],{"class":97},[47,80819,101],{"class":83},[47,80821,920],{"class":919},[47,80823,590],{"class":83},[47,80825,3659],{"class":87},[47,80827,1419],{"class":83},[47,80829,80830],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,80831,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,80833,80834,80836,80838,80840],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,80835,98],{"class":97},[47,80837,101],{"class":83},[47,80839,104],{"class":87},[47,80841,107],{"class":83},[47,80843,80844,80846,80848,80850],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,80845,98],{"class":97},[47,80847,101],{"class":83},[47,80849,104],{"class":87},[47,80851,107],{"class":83},[20,80853,338],{},[38,80855,80857],{"className":40,"code":80856,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80858,80859,80887],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80860,80861,80863,80865,80867,80869,80871,80873,80875,80877,80879,80881,80883,80885],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80862,3296],{"class":83},[47,80864,2693],{"class":61},[47,80866,2377],{"class":65},[47,80868,2693],{"class":61},[47,80870,590],{"class":83},[47,80872,2688],{"class":61},[47,80874,1449],{"class":65},[47,80876,2693],{"class":61},[47,80878,590],{"class":83},[47,80880,2688],{"class":61},[47,80882,1455],{"class":65},[47,80884,2693],{"class":61},[47,80886,3030],{"class":83},[47,80888,80889,80891,80893,80895,80897,80899,80901,80903,80905,80907,80909,80911,80913],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,80890,3296],{"class":83},[47,80892,2693],{"class":61},[47,80894,2377],{"class":65},[47,80896,2693],{"class":61},[47,80898,590],{"class":83},[47,80900,2688],{"class":61},[47,80902,1449],{"class":65},[47,80904,2693],{"class":61},[47,80906,590],{"class":83},[47,80908,2688],{"class":61},[47,80910,1455],{"class":65},[47,80912,2693],{"class":61},[47,80914,3030],{"class":83},[33,80916,603,80918],{"id":80917},"when-to-use-map",[15,80919,39119],{},[20,80921,80922,80924],{},[15,80923,39119],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,80926,80927],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[133,80929,80930,80934,80938],{},[136,80931,80932],{},[15,80933,920],{},[136,80935,80936],{},[15,80937,890],{},[136,80939,80940],{},[15,80941,1408],{},[20,80943,538],{},[38,80945,80947],{"className":40,"code":80946,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,80948,80949,80981,81003,81007],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80950,80951,80953,80955,80957,80959,80961,80963,80965,80967,80969,80971,80973,80975,80977,80979],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80952,3219],{"class":53},[47,80954,58],{"class":57},[47,80956,3017],{"class":83},[47,80958,2693],{"class":61},[47,80960,2377],{"class":65},[47,80962,2693],{"class":61},[47,80964,590],{"class":83},[47,80966,2688],{"class":61},[47,80968,1449],{"class":65},[47,80970,2693],{"class":61},[47,80972,590],{"class":83},[47,80974,2688],{"class":61},[47,80976,1455],{"class":65},[47,80978,2693],{"class":61},[47,80980,3030],{"class":83},[47,80982,80983,80985,80987,80989,80991,80993,80995,80997,80999,81001],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,80984,3012],{"class":53},[47,80986,58],{"class":57},[47,80988,21962],{"class":919},[47,80990,101],{"class":83},[47,80992,39262],{"class":97},[47,80994,101],{"class":83},[47,80996,890],{"class":919},[47,80998,590],{"class":83},[47,81000,3281],{"class":87},[47,81002,1419],{"class":83},[47,81004,81005],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,81006,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,81008,81009,81011,81013,81015],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,81010,98],{"class":97},[47,81012,101],{"class":83},[47,81014,3044],{"class":87},[47,81016,107],{"class":83},[20,81018,338],{},[38,81020,81021],{"className":40,"code":54555,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,81022,81023],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81024,81025,81027,81029,81031,81033,81035,81037],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81026,3296],{"class":83},[47,81028,2377],{"class":586},[47,81030,590],{"class":83},[47,81032,2382],{"class":586},[47,81034,590],{"class":83},[47,81036,1841],{"class":586},[47,81038,3030],{"class":83},[20,81040,81041],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81043,81044],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[38,81046,81048],{"className":40,"code":81047,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81049,81050,81070,81092],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81051,81052,81054,81056,81058,81060,81062,81064,81066,81068],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81053,3012],{"class":53},[47,81055,58],{"class":57},[47,81057,3017],{"class":83},[47,81059,2377],{"class":586},[47,81061,590],{"class":83},[47,81063,2382],{"class":586},[47,81065,590],{"class":83},[47,81067,1841],{"class":586},[47,81069,3030],{"class":83},[47,81071,81072,81074,81076,81078,81080,81082,81084,81086,81088,81090],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,81073,75],{"class":53},[47,81075,58],{"class":57},[47,81077,21962],{"class":919},[47,81079,101],{"class":83},[47,81081,39262],{"class":97},[47,81083,101],{"class":83},[47,81085,920],{"class":919},[47,81087,590],{"class":83},[47,81089,3659],{"class":87},[47,81091,1419],{"class":83},[47,81093,81094,81096,81098,81100],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,81095,98],{"class":97},[47,81097,101],{"class":83},[47,81099,104],{"class":87},[47,81101,107],{"class":83},[38,81103,81105],{"className":40,"code":81104,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81106,81107,81127,81154],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81108,81109,81111,81113,81115,81117,81119,81121,81123,81125],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81110,3012],{"class":53},[47,81112,58],{"class":57},[47,81114,3017],{"class":83},[47,81116,2377],{"class":586},[47,81118,590],{"class":83},[47,81120,2382],{"class":586},[47,81122,590],{"class":83},[47,81124,1841],{"class":586},[47,81126,3030],{"class":83},[47,81128,81129,81131,81133,81135,81137,81139,81141,81143,81145,81148,81150,81152],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,81130,75],{"class":53},[47,81132,58],{"class":57},[47,81134,3017],{"class":83},[47,81136,920],{"class":919},[47,81138,101],{"class":83},[47,81140,75435],{"class":87},[47,81142,3057],{"class":83},[47,81144,3272],{"class":655},[47,81146,81147],{"class":53}," n ",[47,81149,3278],{"class":655},[47,81151,3659],{"class":53},[47,81153,3030],{"class":83},[47,81155,81156,81158,81160,81162],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,81157,98],{"class":97},[47,81159,101],{"class":83},[47,81161,104],{"class":87},[47,81163,107],{"class":83},[20,81165,81166],{},"Both produce:",[38,81168,81169],{"className":40,"code":80530,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,81170,81171],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81172,81173,81175,81177,81179,81181,81183,81185,81187,81189,81191,81193,81195,81197],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81174,3296],{"class":83},[47,81176,2693],{"class":61},[47,81178,2377],{"class":65},[47,81180,2693],{"class":61},[47,81182,590],{"class":83},[47,81184,2688],{"class":61},[47,81186,1449],{"class":65},[47,81188,2693],{"class":61},[47,81190,590],{"class":83},[47,81192,2688],{"class":61},[47,81194,1455],{"class":65},[47,81196,2693],{"class":61},[47,81198,3030],{"class":83},[20,81200,81201],{},"A simple rule:",[133,81203,81204,81209,81214],{},[136,81205,39393,81206,81208],{},[15,81207,39119],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[136,81210,39399,81211,81213],{},[15,81212,5359],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[136,81215,81216],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81218,81219,81220,84],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[154,81221,3789],{"href":3788},[33,81223,3915],{"id":3914},[724,81225,81227,81228],{"id":81226},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81229,24184],{},[20,81231,81232],{},"This is very common:",[38,81234,81235],{"className":40,"code":80380,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,81236,81237,81257,81275,81279],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81238,81239,81241,81243,81245,81247,81249,81251,81253,81255],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81240,3012],{"class":53},[47,81242,58],{"class":57},[47,81244,3017],{"class":83},[47,81246,2377],{"class":586},[47,81248,590],{"class":83},[47,81250,2382],{"class":586},[47,81252,590],{"class":83},[47,81254,1841],{"class":586},[47,81256,3030],{"class":83},[47,81258,81259,81261,81263,81265,81267,81269,81271,81273],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,81260,75],{"class":53},[47,81262,58],{"class":57},[47,81264,79427],{"class":97},[47,81266,101],{"class":83},[47,81268,920],{"class":919},[47,81270,590],{"class":83},[47,81272,3659],{"class":87},[47,81274,107],{"class":83},[47,81276,81277],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,81278,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,81280,81281,81283,81285,81287],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,81282,98],{"class":97},[47,81284,101],{"class":83},[47,81286,104],{"class":87},[47,81288,107],{"class":83},[20,81290,81291],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81293,38665],{},[38,81295,81297],{"className":40,"code":81296,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81298,81299],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81300,81301,81303,81305,81307,81309,81311],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81302,98],{"class":97},[47,81304,101],{"class":83},[47,81306,7492],{"class":919},[47,81308,101],{"class":83},[47,81310,104],{"class":87},[47,81312,1419],{"class":83},[724,81314,81316],{"id":81315},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81318,737],{},[38,81320,81322],{"className":40,"code":81321,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81323,81324,81344],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81325,81326,81328,81330,81332,81334,81336,81338,81340,81342],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81327,3012],{"class":53},[47,81329,58],{"class":57},[47,81331,3017],{"class":83},[47,81333,2377],{"class":586},[47,81335,590],{"class":83},[47,81337,2382],{"class":586},[47,81339,590],{"class":83},[47,81341,1841],{"class":586},[47,81343,3030],{"class":83},[47,81345,81346,81348,81350,81352,81354,81356,81359,81361],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,81347,75],{"class":53},[47,81349,58],{"class":57},[47,81351,79427],{"class":97},[47,81353,101],{"class":83},[47,81355,920],{"class":919},[47,81357,81358],{"class":83},"(),",[47,81360,3659],{"class":87},[47,81362,107],{"class":83},[20,81364,81365,81366,81368,81369,81371],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,81367,47088],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,81370,39119],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,81373,788],{},[38,81375,81376],{"className":40,"code":80467,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,81377,81378,81398,81416,81420],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81379,81380,81382,81384,81386,81388,81390,81392,81394,81396],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81381,3012],{"class":53},[47,81383,58],{"class":57},[47,81385,3017],{"class":83},[47,81387,2377],{"class":586},[47,81389,590],{"class":83},[47,81391,2382],{"class":586},[47,81393,590],{"class":83},[47,81395,1841],{"class":586},[47,81397,3030],{"class":83},[47,81399,81400,81402,81404,81406,81408,81410,81412,81414],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,81401,75],{"class":53},[47,81403,58],{"class":57},[47,81405,79427],{"class":97},[47,81407,101],{"class":83},[47,81409,920],{"class":919},[47,81411,590],{"class":83},[47,81413,3659],{"class":87},[47,81415,107],{"class":83},[47,81417,81418],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,81419,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,81421,81422,81424,81426,81428,81430,81432],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,81423,98],{"class":97},[47,81425,101],{"class":83},[47,81427,7492],{"class":919},[47,81429,101],{"class":83},[47,81431,104],{"class":87},[47,81433,1419],{"class":83},[724,81435,81437],{"id":81436},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,81439,81440],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,81442,737],{},[38,81444,81446],{"className":40,"code":81445,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81447,81448,81465,81475,81479,81499,81518,81522],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81449,81450,81452,81455,81457,81459,81461,81463],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81451,34254],{"class":1458},[47,81453,81454],{"class":34257}," add",[47,81456,101],{"class":83},[47,81458,154],{"class":37067},[47,81460,590],{"class":83},[47,81462,1253],{"class":37067},[47,81464,7740],{"class":83},[47,81466,81467,81469,81471,81473],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,81468,34265],{"class":655},[47,81470,43948],{"class":53},[47,81472,1452],{"class":57},[47,81474,35586],{"class":53},[47,81476,81477],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,81478,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,81480,81481,81483,81485,81487,81489,81491,81493,81495,81497],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,81482,3012],{"class":53},[47,81484,58],{"class":57},[47,81486,3017],{"class":83},[47,81488,2377],{"class":586},[47,81490,590],{"class":83},[47,81492,2382],{"class":586},[47,81494,590],{"class":83},[47,81496,1841],{"class":586},[47,81498,3030],{"class":83},[47,81500,81501,81503,81505,81507,81509,81512,81514,81516],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,81502,75],{"class":53},[47,81504,58],{"class":57},[47,81506,79427],{"class":97},[47,81508,101],{"class":83},[47,81510,81511],{"class":87},"add",[47,81513,590],{"class":83},[47,81515,3659],{"class":87},[47,81517,107],{"class":83},[47,81519,81520],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,81521,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,81523,81524,81526,81528,81530,81532,81534],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,81525,98],{"class":97},[47,81527,101],{"class":83},[47,81529,7492],{"class":919},[47,81531,101],{"class":83},[47,81533,104],{"class":87},[47,81535,1419],{"class":83},[20,81537,788],{},[38,81539,81541],{"className":40,"code":81540,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81542,81543,81559,81569,81573,81593,81613,81635,81639],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81544,81545,81547,81549,81551,81553,81555,81557],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81546,34254],{"class":1458},[47,81548,81454],{"class":34257},[47,81550,101],{"class":83},[47,81552,154],{"class":37067},[47,81554,590],{"class":83},[47,81556,1253],{"class":37067},[47,81558,7740],{"class":83},[47,81560,81561,81563,81565,81567],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,81562,34265],{"class":655},[47,81564,43948],{"class":53},[47,81566,1452],{"class":57},[47,81568,35586],{"class":53},[47,81570,81571],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,81572,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,81574,81575,81577,81579,81581,81583,81585,81587,81589,81591],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,81576,80063],{"class":53},[47,81578,58],{"class":57},[47,81580,3017],{"class":83},[47,81582,2377],{"class":586},[47,81584,590],{"class":83},[47,81586,2382],{"class":586},[47,81588,590],{"class":83},[47,81590,1841],{"class":586},[47,81592,3030],{"class":83},[47,81594,81595,81597,81599,81601,81603,81605,81607,81609,81611],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,81596,80084],{"class":53},[47,81598,58],{"class":57},[47,81600,3017],{"class":83},[47,81602,1719],{"class":586},[47,81604,590],{"class":83},[47,81606,7189],{"class":586},[47,81608,590],{"class":83},[47,81610,7194],{"class":586},[47,81612,3030],{"class":83},[47,81614,81615,81617,81619,81621,81623,81625,81627,81629,81631,81633],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,81616,75],{"class":53},[47,81618,58],{"class":57},[47,81620,79427],{"class":97},[47,81622,101],{"class":83},[47,81624,81511],{"class":87},[47,81626,590],{"class":83},[47,81628,80122],{"class":87},[47,81630,590],{"class":83},[47,81632,80127],{"class":87},[47,81634,107],{"class":83},[47,81636,81637],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,81638,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,81640,81641,81643,81645,81647,81649,81651],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,81642,98],{"class":97},[47,81644,101],{"class":83},[47,81646,7492],{"class":919},[47,81648,101],{"class":83},[47,81650,104],{"class":87},[47,81652,1419],{"class":83},[724,81654,81656],{"id":81655},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,81658,737],{},[38,81660,81661],{"className":40,"code":80663,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,81662,81663,81683,81701,81705,81719],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81664,81665,81667,81669,81671,81673,81675,81677,81679,81681],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81666,3012],{"class":53},[47,81668,58],{"class":57},[47,81670,3017],{"class":83},[47,81672,2377],{"class":586},[47,81674,590],{"class":83},[47,81676,2382],{"class":586},[47,81678,590],{"class":83},[47,81680,1841],{"class":586},[47,81682,3030],{"class":83},[47,81684,81685,81687,81689,81691,81693,81695,81697,81699],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,81686,75],{"class":53},[47,81688,58],{"class":57},[47,81690,79427],{"class":97},[47,81692,101],{"class":83},[47,81694,920],{"class":919},[47,81696,590],{"class":83},[47,81698,3659],{"class":87},[47,81700,107],{"class":83},[47,81702,81703],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,81704,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,81706,81707,81709,81711,81713,81715,81717],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,81708,98],{"class":97},[47,81710,101],{"class":83},[47,81712,7492],{"class":919},[47,81714,101],{"class":83},[47,81716,104],{"class":87},[47,81718,1419],{"class":83},[47,81720,81721,81723,81725,81727,81729,81731],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,81722,98],{"class":97},[47,81724,101],{"class":83},[47,81726,7492],{"class":919},[47,81728,101],{"class":83},[47,81730,104],{"class":87},[47,81732,1419],{"class":83},[20,81734,81735],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,81737,81738],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[33,81740,67301],{"id":67300},[20,81742,8272,81743,81745],{},[15,81744,39119],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[38,81747,81749],{"className":40,"code":81748,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81750,81751,81761,81775,81789,81801],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81752,81753,81755,81757,81759],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81754,98],{"class":97},[47,81756,101],{"class":83},[47,81758,104],{"class":87},[47,81760,107],{"class":83},[47,81762,81763,81765,81767,81769,81771,81773],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,81764,98],{"class":97},[47,81766,101],{"class":83},[47,81768,7492],{"class":919},[47,81770,101],{"class":83},[47,81772,104],{"class":87},[47,81774,1419],{"class":83},[47,81776,81777,81779,81781,81783,81785,81787],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,81778,98],{"class":97},[47,81780,101],{"class":83},[47,81782,2613],{"class":919},[47,81784,101],{"class":83},[47,81786,104],{"class":87},[47,81788,1419],{"class":83},[47,81790,81791,81793,81795,81797,81799],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,81792,5359],{"class":655},[47,81794,5362],{"class":53},[47,81796,3278],{"class":655},[47,81798,80622],{"class":53},[47,81800,679],{"class":83},[47,81802,81803,81805,81807,81809],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,81804,684],{"class":97},[47,81806,101],{"class":83},[47,81808,22713],{"class":87},[47,81810,107],{"class":83},[20,81812,12072],{},[133,81814,81815,81820,81825,81831],{},[136,81816,81817,81819],{},[15,81818,32433],{}," shows that you have a map object",[136,81821,81822,81824],{},[15,81823,32441],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[136,81826,81827,81830],{},[15,81828,81829],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[136,81832,81833,81834,81836],{},"looping over ",[15,81835,104],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,81838,81839,81840,81843,81844,81846],{},"Be careful: ",[15,81841,81842],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,81845,5359],{}," loop consume the map object.",[33,81848,1155],{"id":1154},[724,81850,1159,81852,81854],{"id":81851},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,81853,39119],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,81856,81857,81858,81860,81861,23341],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,81859,39119],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,81862,81863],{},"list(map(...))",[724,81865,14305,81867,81869,81870,81872],{"id":81866},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,81868,39119],{}," better than a ",[15,81871,5359],{}," loop?",[20,81874,81875,81876,81878,81879,81881],{},"Not always. ",[15,81877,39119],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,81880,5359],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[724,81883,4568,81885,81887],{"id":81884},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,81886,39119],{}," use more than one list?",[20,81889,81890],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[724,81892,81894],{"id":81893},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,81896,81897],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[33,81899,1275],{"id":1274},[133,81901,81902,81908,81914,81918,81922],{},[136,81903,81904],{},[154,81905,2968,81906,2901],{"href":39488},[15,81907,36980],{},[136,81909,81910],{},[154,81911,2968,81912,2901],{"href":64253},[15,81913,24184],{},[136,81915,81916],{},[154,81917,4620],{"href":4529},[136,81919,81920],{},[154,81921,4625],{"href":3788},[136,81923,81924],{},[154,81925,4615],{"href":4533},[1320,81927,81928],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":81930},[81931,81932,81934,81935,81936,81938,81943,81950,81952,81959,81960,81969],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":79506,"depth":72,"text":81933},"What map() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":267,"depth":72,"text":268},{"id":79825,"depth":72,"text":81937},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80009,"depth":72,"text":81939,"children":81940},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[81941],{"id":80197,"depth":94,"text":81942},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80354,"depth":72,"text":81944,"children":81945},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[81946,81948,81949],{"id":80372,"depth":94,"text":81947},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":80563,"depth":94,"text":80564},{"id":80656,"depth":94,"text":80657},{"id":80917,"depth":72,"text":81951},"When to use map()",{"id":3914,"depth":72,"text":3915,"children":81953},[81954,81956,81957,81958],{"id":81226,"depth":94,"text":81955},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81315,"depth":94,"text":81316},{"id":81436,"depth":94,"text":81437},{"id":81655,"depth":94,"text":81656},{"id":67300,"depth":72,"text":67301},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":81961},[81962,81964,81966,81968],{"id":81851,"depth":94,"text":81963},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":81866,"depth":94,"text":81965},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":81884,"depth":94,"text":81967},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":81893,"depth":94,"text":81894},{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79338,"description":81970},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":81977,"title":81978,"body":81979,"description":83999,"extension":1354,"meta":84000,"navigation":311,"path":84001,"seo":84002,"stem":84003,"__hash__":84004},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":81980,"toc":83957},[81981,81987,81992,81995,82003,82006,82008,82132,82134,82152,82154,82174,82179,82183,82197,82200,82203,82205,82210,82322,82325,82343,82349,82352,82414,82416,82425,82428,82442,82444,82492,82494,82503,82513,82519,82522,82549,82551,82559,82562,82565,82635,82637,82645,82648,82653,82658,82709,82711,82719,82722,82724,82741,82743,82795,82798,82804,82808,82813,82816,82820,82879,82881,82890,82896,82905,82909,82972,82974,82982,82987,82991,82996,83076,83078,83087,83094,83099,83104,83107,83142,83144,83152,83155,83161,83163,83213,83215,83224,83227,83245,83247,83252,83258,83265,83292,83294,83317,83322,83357,83362,83368,83373,83416,83419,83422,83461,83468,83474,83479,83494,83498,83505,83508,83512,83517,83521,83526,83528,83589,83591,83620,83625,83632,83641,83643,83646,83671,83673,83776,83779,83797,83806,83808,83813,83816,83822,83825,83827,83837,83843,83847,83905,83912,83920,83922,83954],[10,81982,2968,81984,2972],{"id":81983},"python-max-function-explained",[15,81985,81986],{},"max()",[20,81988,8520,81989,81991],{},[15,81990,81986],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,81993,81994],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[133,81996,81997,82000],{},[136,81998,81999],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[136,82001,82002],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82004,82005],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[33,82007,36],{"id":35},[38,82009,82011],{"className":40,"code":82010,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82012,82013,82037,82052,82056,82082,82086,82118],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82014,82015,82017,82019,82021,82023,82025,82027,82029,82031,82033,82035],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82016,3012],{"class":53},[47,82018,58],{"class":57},[47,82020,3017],{"class":83},[47,82022,1455],{"class":586},[47,82024,590],{"class":83},[47,82026,5760],{"class":586},[47,82028,590],{"class":83},[47,82030,2382],{"class":586},[47,82032,590],{"class":83},[47,82034,4002],{"class":586},[47,82036,3030],{"class":83},[47,82038,82039,82041,82043,82046,82048,82050],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,82040,98],{"class":97},[47,82042,101],{"class":83},[47,82044,82045],{"class":97},"max",[47,82047,101],{"class":83},[47,82049,3044],{"class":87},[47,82051,1419],{"class":83},[47,82053,82054],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,82055,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,82057,82058,82060,82062,82064,82066,82068,82070,82072,82074,82076,82078,82080],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,82059,98],{"class":97},[47,82061,101],{"class":83},[47,82063,82045],{"class":97},[47,82065,101],{"class":83},[47,82067,1455],{"class":586},[47,82069,590],{"class":83},[47,82071,5760],{"class":586},[47,82073,590],{"class":83},[47,82075,2382],{"class":586},[47,82077,590],{"class":83},[47,82079,4002],{"class":586},[47,82081,1419],{"class":83},[47,82083,82084],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,82085,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,82087,82088,82090,82092,82094,82096,82098,82100,82102,82104,82106,82108,82110,82112,82114,82116],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,82089,3466],{"class":53},[47,82091,58],{"class":57},[47,82093,3017],{"class":83},[47,82095,253],{"class":61},[47,82097,3475],{"class":65},[47,82099,253],{"class":61},[47,82101,590],{"class":83},[47,82103,62],{"class":61},[47,82105,288],{"class":65},[47,82107,253],{"class":61},[47,82109,590],{"class":83},[47,82111,62],{"class":61},[47,82113,78149],{"class":65},[47,82115,253],{"class":61},[47,82117,3030],{"class":83},[47,82119,82120,82122,82124,82126,82128,82130],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,82121,98],{"class":97},[47,82123,101],{"class":83},[47,82125,82045],{"class":97},[47,82127,101],{"class":83},[47,82129,3509],{"class":87},[47,82131,1419],{"class":83},[20,82133,338],{},[38,82135,82137],{"className":40,"code":82136,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82138,82139,82143,82147],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82140,82141],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82142,1770],{"class":586},[47,82144,82145],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,82146,1770],{"class":586},[47,82148,82149],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,82150,82151],{"class":53},"pear\n",[20,82153,19359],{},[133,82155,82156,82162,82168],{},[136,82157,82158,82161],{},[15,82159,82160],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[136,82163,82164,82167],{},[15,82165,82166],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[136,82169,82170,82173],{},[15,82171,82172],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[33,82175,128,82177,131],{"id":82176},"what-max-does",[15,82178,81986],{},[20,82180,82181,1032],{},[15,82182,81986],{},[133,82184,82185,82188,82191,82194],{},[136,82186,82187],{},"Returns the largest item",[136,82189,82190],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[136,82192,82193],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[136,82195,82196],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82198,82199],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82201,82202],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[33,82204,166],{"id":165},[20,82206,82207,82208,1032],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82209,81986],{},[38,82211,82213],{"className":40,"code":82212,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82214,82215,82225,82249,82271,82294],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82216,82217,82219,82221,82223],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82218,82045],{"class":97},[47,82220,101],{"class":83},[47,82222,3116],{"class":87},[47,82224,107],{"class":83},[47,82226,82227,82229,82231,82233,82235,82238,82240,82242,82244,82247],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,82228,82045],{"class":97},[47,82230,101],{"class":83},[47,82232,3116],{"class":87},[47,82234,590],{"class":83},[47,82236,82237],{"class":57}," *",[47,82239,590],{"class":83},[47,82241,20981],{"class":8573},[47,82243,58],{"class":57},[47,82245,82246],{"class":87},"func",[47,82248,107],{"class":83},[47,82250,82251,82253,82255,82257,82259,82261,82263,82265,82267,82269],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,82252,82045],{"class":97},[47,82254,101],{"class":83},[47,82256,3116],{"class":87},[47,82258,590],{"class":83},[47,82260,82237],{"class":57},[47,82262,590],{"class":83},[47,82264,25927],{"class":8573},[47,82266,58],{"class":57},[47,82268,1863],{"class":87},[47,82270,107],{"class":83},[47,82272,82273,82275,82277,82280,82282,82285,82287,82289,82292],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,82274,82045],{"class":97},[47,82276,101],{"class":83},[47,82278,82279],{"class":87},"arg1",[47,82281,590],{"class":83},[47,82283,82284],{"class":87}," arg2",[47,82286,590],{"class":83},[47,82288,82237],{"class":57},[47,82290,82291],{"class":87},"args",[47,82293,107],{"class":83},[47,82295,82296,82298,82300,82302,82304,82306,82308,82310,82312,82314,82316,82318,82320],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,82297,82045],{"class":97},[47,82299,101],{"class":83},[47,82301,82279],{"class":87},[47,82303,590],{"class":83},[47,82305,82284],{"class":87},[47,82307,590],{"class":83},[47,82309,82237],{"class":57},[47,82311,82291],{"class":87},[47,82313,590],{"class":83},[47,82315,20981],{"class":8573},[47,82317,58],{"class":57},[47,82319,82246],{"class":87},[47,82321,107],{"class":83},[20,82323,82324],{},"The most important parts are:",[133,82326,82327,82332,82337],{},[136,82328,82329,82331],{},[15,82330,3116],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[136,82333,82334,82336],{},[15,82335,14243],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[136,82338,82339,82342],{},[15,82340,82341],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[33,82344,7816,82346,82348],{"id":82345},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82347,81986],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,82350,82351],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[38,82353,82355],{"className":40,"code":82354,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82356,82357,82383,82399,82403],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82358,82359,82361,82363,82365,82368,82370,82372,82374,82376,82378,82381],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82360,4461],{"class":53},[47,82362,58],{"class":57},[47,82364,3017],{"class":83},[47,82366,82367],{"class":586},"72",[47,82369,590],{"class":83},[47,82371,50914],{"class":586},[47,82373,590],{"class":83},[47,82375,12908],{"class":586},[47,82377,590],{"class":83},[47,82379,82380],{"class":586}," 66",[47,82382,3030],{"class":83},[47,82384,82385,82388,82390,82393,82395,82397],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,82386,82387],{"class":53},"highest_score ",[47,82389,58],{"class":57},[47,82391,82392],{"class":97}," max",[47,82394,101],{"class":83},[47,82396,15792],{"class":87},[47,82398,107],{"class":83},[47,82400,82401],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,82402,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,82404,82405,82407,82409,82412],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,82406,98],{"class":97},[47,82408,101],{"class":83},[47,82410,82411],{"class":87},"highest_score",[47,82413,107],{"class":83},[20,82415,338],{},[38,82417,82419],{"className":40,"code":82418,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"91\n",[15,82420,82421],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82422,82423],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82424,82418],{"class":586},[20,82426,82427],{},"This works well for:",[133,82429,82430,82433,82436,82439],{},[136,82431,82432],{},"Scores",[136,82434,82435],{},"Prices",[136,82437,82438],{},"Ages",[136,82440,82441],{},"Counts",[20,82443,51484],{},[38,82445,82447],{"className":40,"code":82446,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,82448,82449,82477],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82450,82451,82454,82456,82458,82460,82462,82465,82467,82470,82472,82475],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82452,82453],{"class":53},"prices ",[47,82455,58],{"class":57},[47,82457,3017],{"class":83},[47,82459,39801],{"class":586},[47,82461,590],{"class":83},[47,82463,82464],{"class":586}," 5.50",[47,82466,590],{"class":83},[47,82468,82469],{"class":586}," 12.75",[47,82471,590],{"class":83},[47,82473,82474],{"class":586}," 29.00",[47,82476,3030],{"class":83},[47,82478,82479,82481,82483,82485,82487,82490],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,82480,98],{"class":97},[47,82482,101],{"class":83},[47,82484,82045],{"class":97},[47,82486,101],{"class":83},[47,82488,82489],{"class":87},"prices",[47,82491,1419],{"class":83},[20,82493,338],{},[38,82495,82497],{"className":40,"code":82496,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"29.0\n",[15,82498,82499],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82500,82501],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82502,82496],{"class":586},[20,82504,82505,82506,82508,82509,84],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,82507,81986],{}," is simpler than ",[154,82510,82511],{"href":73926},[15,82512,73829],{},[33,82514,7816,82516,82518],{"id":82515},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,82517,81986],{}," with separate values",[20,82520,82521],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[38,82523,82525],{"className":40,"code":82524,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,82526,82527],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82528,82529,82531,82533,82535,82537,82539,82541,82543,82545,82547],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82530,98],{"class":97},[47,82532,101],{"class":83},[47,82534,82045],{"class":97},[47,82536,101],{"class":83},[47,82538,1896],{"class":586},[47,82540,590],{"class":83},[47,82542,30348],{"class":586},[47,82544,590],{"class":83},[47,82546,587],{"class":586},[47,82548,1419],{"class":83},[20,82550,338],{},[38,82552,82553],{"className":40,"code":1615,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,82554,82555],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82556,82557],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82558,1615],{"class":586},[20,82560,82561],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,82563,82564],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[38,82566,82568],{"className":40,"code":82567,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,82569,82570,82579,82587,82597,82601,82624],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82571,82572,82574,82576],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82573,1208],{"class":53},[47,82575,58],{"class":57},[47,82577,82578],{"class":586}," 15\n",[47,82580,82581,82583,82585],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,82582,1221],{"class":53},[47,82584,58],{"class":57},[47,82586,2158],{"class":586},[47,82588,82589,82592,82594],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,82590,82591],{"class":53},"c ",[47,82593,58],{"class":57},[47,82595,82596],{"class":586}," 27\n",[47,82598,82599],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,82600,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,82602,82603,82606,82608,82610,82612,82614,82616,82618,82620,82622],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,82604,82605],{"class":53},"largest ",[47,82607,58],{"class":57},[47,82609,82392],{"class":97},[47,82611,101],{"class":83},[47,82613,154],{"class":87},[47,82615,590],{"class":83},[47,82617,1253],{"class":87},[47,82619,590],{"class":83},[47,82621,9080],{"class":87},[47,82623,107],{"class":83},[47,82625,82626,82628,82630,82633],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,82627,98],{"class":97},[47,82629,101],{"class":83},[47,82631,82632],{"class":87},"largest",[47,82634,107],{"class":83},[20,82636,338],{},[38,82638,82639],{"className":40,"code":46016,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,82640,82641],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82642,82643],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82644,46016],{"class":586},[20,82646,82647],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[33,82649,7816,82651,46463],{"id":82650},"using-max-with-strings",[15,82652,81986],{},[20,82654,82655,82657],{},[15,82656,81986],{}," can compare strings too.",[38,82659,82661],{"className":40,"code":82660,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82662,82663,82695],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82664,82665,82667,82669,82671,82673,82675,82677,82679,82681,82683,82685,82687,82689,82691,82693],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82666,3466],{"class":53},[47,82668,58],{"class":57},[47,82670,3017],{"class":83},[47,82672,253],{"class":61},[47,82674,3475],{"class":65},[47,82676,253],{"class":61},[47,82678,590],{"class":83},[47,82680,62],{"class":61},[47,82682,288],{"class":65},[47,82684,253],{"class":61},[47,82686,590],{"class":83},[47,82688,62],{"class":61},[47,82690,78149],{"class":65},[47,82692,253],{"class":61},[47,82694,3030],{"class":83},[47,82696,82697,82699,82701,82703,82705,82707],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,82698,98],{"class":97},[47,82700,101],{"class":83},[47,82702,82045],{"class":97},[47,82704,101],{"class":83},[47,82706,3509],{"class":87},[47,82708,1419],{"class":83},[20,82710,338],{},[38,82712,82713],{"className":40,"code":82151,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,82714,82715],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82716,82717],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82718,82151],{"class":53},[20,82720,82721],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,82723,67689],{},[133,82725,82726,82735,82738],{},[136,82727,82728,82731,82732,82734],{},[15,82729,82730],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,82733,64680],{}," alphabetically",[136,82736,82737],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[136,82739,82740],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,82742,538],{},[38,82744,82746],{"className":40,"code":82745,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82747,82748,82781],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82749,82750,82752,82754,82756,82758,82760,82762,82764,82766,82769,82771,82773,82775,82777,82779],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82751,3466],{"class":53},[47,82753,58],{"class":57},[47,82755,3017],{"class":83},[47,82757,253],{"class":61},[47,82759,3475],{"class":65},[47,82761,253],{"class":61},[47,82763,590],{"class":83},[47,82765,62],{"class":61},[47,82767,82768],{"class":65},"Banana",[47,82770,253],{"class":61},[47,82772,590],{"class":83},[47,82774,62],{"class":61},[47,82776,78149],{"class":65},[47,82778,253],{"class":61},[47,82780,3030],{"class":83},[47,82782,82783,82785,82787,82789,82791,82793],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,82784,98],{"class":97},[47,82786,101],{"class":83},[47,82788,82045],{"class":97},[47,82790,101],{"class":83},[47,82792,3509],{"class":87},[47,82794,1419],{"class":83},[20,82796,82797],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,82799,82800,82801,82803],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,82802,14243],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[33,82805,36017,82806,36020],{"id":78107},[15,82807,14243],{},[20,82809,1371,82810,82812],{},[15,82811,14243],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,82814,82815],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[724,82817,82819],{"id":82818},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[38,82821,82823],{"className":40,"code":82822,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,82824,82825,82857],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82826,82827,82829,82831,82833,82835,82837,82839,82841,82843,82845,82847,82849,82851,82853,82855],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82828,3466],{"class":53},[47,82830,58],{"class":57},[47,82832,3017],{"class":83},[47,82834,253],{"class":61},[47,82836,36452],{"class":65},[47,82838,253],{"class":61},[47,82840,590],{"class":83},[47,82842,62],{"class":61},[47,82844,67732],{"class":65},[47,82846,253],{"class":61},[47,82848,590],{"class":83},[47,82850,62],{"class":61},[47,82852,57533],{"class":65},[47,82854,253],{"class":61},[47,82856,3030],{"class":83},[47,82858,82859,82861,82863,82865,82867,82869,82871,82873,82875,82877],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,82860,98],{"class":97},[47,82862,101],{"class":83},[47,82864,82045],{"class":97},[47,82866,101],{"class":83},[47,82868,3509],{"class":87},[47,82870,590],{"class":83},[47,82872,20981],{"class":8573},[47,82874,58],{"class":57},[47,82876,10562],{"class":97},[47,82878,1419],{"class":83},[20,82880,338],{},[38,82882,82884],{"className":40,"code":82883,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"elephant\n",[15,82885,82886],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82887,82888],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82889,82883],{"class":53},[20,82891,20173,82892,82895],{},[15,82893,82894],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,82897,82898,82899,33034,82901,84],{},"If you are new to ",[15,82900,41764],{},[154,82902,82903,5184],{"href":41761},[15,82904,41764],{},[724,82906,82908],{"id":82907},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[38,82910,82912],{"className":40,"code":82911,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,82913,82914,82946],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82915,82916,82918,82920,82922,82924,82926,82928,82930,82932,82934,82936,82938,82940,82942,82944],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82917,3466],{"class":53},[47,82919,58],{"class":57},[47,82921,3017],{"class":83},[47,82923,253],{"class":61},[47,82925,3475],{"class":65},[47,82927,253],{"class":61},[47,82929,590],{"class":83},[47,82931,62],{"class":61},[47,82933,82768],{"class":65},[47,82935,253],{"class":61},[47,82937,590],{"class":83},[47,82939,62],{"class":61},[47,82941,78149],{"class":65},[47,82943,253],{"class":61},[47,82945,3030],{"class":83},[47,82947,82948,82950,82952,82954,82956,82958,82960,82962,82964,82966,82968,82970],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,82949,98],{"class":97},[47,82951,101],{"class":83},[47,82953,82045],{"class":97},[47,82955,101],{"class":83},[47,82957,3509],{"class":87},[47,82959,590],{"class":83},[47,82961,20981],{"class":8573},[47,82963,58],{"class":57},[47,82965,920],{"class":919},[47,82967,84],{"class":83},[47,82969,8038],{"class":24153},[47,82971,1419],{"class":83},[20,82973,338],{},[38,82975,82976],{"className":40,"code":82151,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,82977,82978],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82979,82980],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82981,82151],{"class":53},[20,82983,20173,82984,82986],{},[15,82985,78103],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[724,82988,82990],{"id":82989},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,82992,82993,82994,1032],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,82995,37064],{},[38,82997,82999],{"className":40,"code":82998,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83000,83001,83044],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83002,83003,83005,83007,83009,83011,83013,83015,83017,83019,83022,83024,83026,83028,83031,83033,83035,83037,83040,83042],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83004,7178],{"class":53},[47,83006,58],{"class":57},[47,83008,3017],{"class":83},[47,83010,253],{"class":61},[47,83012,154],{"class":65},[47,83014,253],{"class":61},[47,83016,590],{"class":83},[47,83018,62],{"class":61},[47,83020,83021],{"class":65},"bb",[47,83023,253],{"class":61},[47,83025,590],{"class":83},[47,83027,62],{"class":61},[47,83029,83030],{"class":65},"cccc",[47,83032,253],{"class":61},[47,83034,590],{"class":83},[47,83036,62],{"class":61},[47,83038,83039],{"class":65},"ddd",[47,83041,253],{"class":61},[47,83043,3030],{"class":83},[47,83045,83046,83048,83050,83052,83054,83056,83058,83060,83062,83064,83066,83068,83070,83072,83074],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,83047,98],{"class":97},[47,83049,101],{"class":83},[47,83051,82045],{"class":97},[47,83053,101],{"class":83},[47,83055,7209],{"class":87},[47,83057,590],{"class":83},[47,83059,20981],{"class":8573},[47,83061,58],{"class":57},[47,83063,37064],{"class":1458},[47,83065,80],{"class":37067},[47,83067,1032],{"class":83},[47,83069,37790],{"class":97},[47,83071,101],{"class":83},[47,83073,565],{"class":87},[47,83075,2300],{"class":83},[20,83077,338],{},[38,83079,83081],{"className":40,"code":83080,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"cccc\n",[15,83082,83083],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83084,83085],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83086,83080],{"class":53},[20,83088,48954,83089,1063,83091,83093],{},[15,83090,82894],{},[15,83092,77990],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[33,83095,36017,83097,36020],{"id":83096},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83098,82341],{},[20,83100,1371,83101,83103],{},[15,83102,82341],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83105,83106],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[38,83108,83110],{"className":40,"code":83109,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83111,83112,83120],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83113,83114,83116,83118],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83115,3012],{"class":53},[47,83117,58],{"class":57},[47,83119,7238],{"class":83},[47,83121,83122,83124,83126,83128,83130,83132,83134,83136,83138,83140],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,83123,98],{"class":97},[47,83125,101],{"class":83},[47,83127,82045],{"class":97},[47,83129,101],{"class":83},[47,83131,3044],{"class":87},[47,83133,590],{"class":83},[47,83135,25927],{"class":8573},[47,83137,58],{"class":57},[47,83139,1514],{"class":586},[47,83141,1419],{"class":83},[20,83143,338],{},[38,83145,83146],{"className":40,"code":46656,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,83147,83148],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83149,83150],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83151,46656],{"class":586},[20,83153,83154],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83156,83157,83158,83160],{},"Without ",[15,83159,82341],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83162,51484],{},[38,83164,83166],{"className":40,"code":83165,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83167,83168,83176,83203],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83169,83170,83172,83174],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83171,3466],{"class":53},[47,83173,58],{"class":57},[47,83175,7238],{"class":83},[47,83177,83178,83180,83182,83184,83186,83188,83190,83192,83194,83196,83199,83201],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,83179,75],{"class":53},[47,83181,58],{"class":57},[47,83183,82392],{"class":97},[47,83185,101],{"class":83},[47,83187,3509],{"class":87},[47,83189,590],{"class":83},[47,83191,25927],{"class":8573},[47,83193,58],{"class":57},[47,83195,253],{"class":61},[47,83197,83198],{"class":65},"no words found",[47,83200,253],{"class":61},[47,83202,107],{"class":83},[47,83204,83205,83207,83209,83211],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,83206,98],{"class":97},[47,83208,101],{"class":83},[47,83210,104],{"class":87},[47,83212,107],{"class":83},[20,83214,338],{},[38,83216,83218],{"className":40,"code":83217,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"no words found\n",[15,83219,83220],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83221,83222],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83223,83217],{"class":53},[20,83225,83226],{},"Important:",[133,83228,83229,83237],{},[136,83230,83231,83233,83234],{},[15,83232,82341],{}," works with ",[15,83235,83236],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[136,83238,40309,83239,83241,83242],{},[121,83240,123],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83243,83244],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[33,83246,47391],{"id":47390},[20,83248,83249,83250,84],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83251,81986],{},[724,83253,83255,83257],{"id":83254},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83256,40107],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83259,83260,83261,45312,83263,84],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83262,82341],{},[15,83264,40107],{},[38,83266,83268],{"className":40,"code":83267,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83269,83270,83278],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83271,83272,83274,83276],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83273,3012],{"class":53},[47,83275,58],{"class":57},[47,83277,7238],{"class":83},[47,83279,83280,83282,83284,83286,83288,83290],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,83281,98],{"class":97},[47,83283,101],{"class":83},[47,83285,82045],{"class":97},[47,83287,101],{"class":83},[47,83289,3044],{"class":87},[47,83291,1419],{"class":83},[20,83293,29085],{},[38,83295,83297],{"className":40,"code":83296,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83298,83299],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83300,83301,83303,83305,83307,83309,83312,83314],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83302,40107],{"class":919},[47,83304,1032],{"class":83},[47,83306,82392],{"class":97},[47,83308,666],{"class":83},[47,83310,83311],{"class":53}," arg ",[47,83313,11593],{"class":57},[47,83315,83316],{"class":53}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83318,83319,83320,1032],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83321,82341],{},[38,83323,83325],{"className":40,"code":83324,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83326,83327,83335],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83328,83329,83331,83333],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83330,3012],{"class":53},[47,83332,58],{"class":57},[47,83334,7238],{"class":83},[47,83336,83337,83339,83341,83343,83345,83347,83349,83351,83353,83355],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,83338,98],{"class":97},[47,83340,101],{"class":83},[47,83342,82045],{"class":97},[47,83344,101],{"class":83},[47,83346,3044],{"class":87},[47,83348,590],{"class":83},[47,83350,25927],{"class":8573},[47,83352,58],{"class":57},[47,83354,3174],{"class":1271},[47,83356,1419],{"class":83},[20,83358,83359,83360,84],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[154,83361,65245],{"href":72283},[724,83363,83365,83367],{"id":83364},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,83366,2395],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,83369,83370,83371,84],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,83372,2395],{},[38,83374,83376],{"className":40,"code":83375,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83377,83378,83402],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83379,83380,83382,83384,83386,83388,83390,83392,83394,83396,83398,83400],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83381,7178],{"class":53},[47,83383,58],{"class":57},[47,83385,3017],{"class":83},[47,83387,1719],{"class":586},[47,83389,590],{"class":83},[47,83391,62],{"class":61},[47,83393,15157],{"class":65},[47,83395,253],{"class":61},[47,83397,590],{"class":83},[47,83399,7194],{"class":586},[47,83401,3030],{"class":83},[47,83403,83404,83406,83408,83410,83412,83414],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,83405,98],{"class":97},[47,83407,101],{"class":83},[47,83409,82045],{"class":97},[47,83411,101],{"class":83},[47,83413,7209],{"class":87},[47,83415,1419],{"class":83},[20,83417,83418],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,83420,83421],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[38,83423,83425],{"className":40,"code":83424,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83426,83427,83447],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83428,83429,83431,83433,83435,83437,83439,83441,83443,83445],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83430,7178],{"class":53},[47,83432,58],{"class":57},[47,83434,3017],{"class":83},[47,83436,1719],{"class":586},[47,83438,590],{"class":83},[47,83440,7189],{"class":586},[47,83442,590],{"class":83},[47,83444,7194],{"class":586},[47,83446,3030],{"class":83},[47,83448,83449,83451,83453,83455,83457,83459],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,83450,98],{"class":97},[47,83452,101],{"class":83},[47,83454,82045],{"class":97},[47,83456,101],{"class":83},[47,83458,7209],{"class":87},[47,83460,1419],{"class":83},[20,83462,83463,83464,84],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[154,83465,83467],{"href":83466},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[724,83469,83471,83473],{"id":83470},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,83472,2395],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,83475,83476,83478],{},[15,83477,81986],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[38,83480,83482],{"className":40,"code":83481,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(max())\n",[15,83483,83484],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83485,83486,83488,83490,83492],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83487,98],{"class":97},[47,83489,101],{"class":83},[47,83491,82045],{"class":97},[47,83493,236],{"class":83},[20,83495,2392,83496,84],{},[15,83497,2395],{},[33,83499,83501,9985,83503],{"id":83500},"max-vs-sorted",[15,83502,81986],{},[15,83504,73829],{},[20,83506,83507],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,83509,83510,1032],{},[15,83511,81986],{},[133,83513,83514],{},[136,83515,83516],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,83518,83519,1032],{},[15,83520,73829],{},[133,83522,83523],{},[136,83524,83525],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,83527,538],{},[38,83529,83531],{"className":40,"code":83530,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,83532,83533,83557,83561,83575],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83534,83535,83537,83539,83541,83543,83545,83547,83549,83551,83553,83555],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83536,3012],{"class":53},[47,83538,58],{"class":57},[47,83540,3017],{"class":83},[47,83542,1455],{"class":586},[47,83544,590],{"class":83},[47,83546,5760],{"class":586},[47,83548,590],{"class":83},[47,83550,2382],{"class":586},[47,83552,590],{"class":83},[47,83554,4002],{"class":586},[47,83556,3030],{"class":83},[47,83558,83559],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,83560,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,83562,83563,83565,83567,83569,83571,83573],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,83564,98],{"class":97},[47,83566,101],{"class":83},[47,83568,82045],{"class":97},[47,83570,101],{"class":83},[47,83572,3044],{"class":87},[47,83574,1419],{"class":83},[47,83576,83577,83579,83581,83583,83585,83587],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,83578,98],{"class":97},[47,83580,101],{"class":83},[47,83582,73919],{"class":97},[47,83584,101],{"class":83},[47,83586,3044],{"class":87},[47,83588,1419],{"class":83},[20,83590,338],{},[38,83592,83594],{"className":40,"code":83593,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,83595,83596,83600],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83597,83598],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83599,1770],{"class":586},[47,83601,83602,83604,83606,83608,83610,83612,83614,83616,83618],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,83603,3296],{"class":83},[47,83605,1449],{"class":586},[47,83607,590],{"class":83},[47,83609,1841],{"class":586},[47,83611,590],{"class":83},[47,83613,4002],{"class":586},[47,83615,590],{"class":83},[47,83617,5760],{"class":586},[47,83619,3030],{"class":83},[20,83621,1486,83622,83624],{},[15,83623,81986],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,83626,1486,83627,83631],{},[154,83628,83629],{"href":73926},[15,83630,73829],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,83633,83634,83635,84],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[154,83636,83638],{"href":83637},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,83639,83640],{},"min()",[33,83642,722],{"id":721},[20,83644,83645],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[133,83647,83648,83655,83658,83663,83666],{},[136,83649,29054,83650,83652,83653],{},[15,83651,81986],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,83654,82341],{},[136,83656,83657],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[136,83659,7852,83660,83662],{},[15,83661,81986],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[136,83664,83665],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[136,83667,7816,83668,83670],{},[15,83669,82341],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,83672,10513],{},[38,83674,83676],{"className":40,"code":83675,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,83677,83678,83688,83702,83716,83730,83752],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83679,83680,83682,83684,83686],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83681,98],{"class":97},[47,83683,101],{"class":83},[47,83685,7209],{"class":87},[47,83687,107],{"class":83},[47,83689,83690,83692,83694,83696,83698,83700],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,83691,98],{"class":97},[47,83693,101],{"class":83},[47,83695,2613],{"class":919},[47,83697,101],{"class":83},[47,83699,7209],{"class":87},[47,83701,1419],{"class":83},[47,83703,83704,83706,83708,83710,83712,83714],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,83705,98],{"class":97},[47,83707,101],{"class":83},[47,83709,10562],{"class":97},[47,83711,101],{"class":83},[47,83713,7209],{"class":87},[47,83715,1419],{"class":83},[47,83717,83718,83720,83722,83724,83726,83728],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,83719,98],{"class":97},[47,83721,101],{"class":83},[47,83723,82045],{"class":97},[47,83725,101],{"class":83},[47,83727,7209],{"class":87},[47,83729,1419],{"class":83},[47,83731,83732,83734,83736,83738,83740,83742,83744,83746,83748,83750],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,83733,98],{"class":97},[47,83735,101],{"class":83},[47,83737,82045],{"class":97},[47,83739,101],{"class":83},[47,83741,7209],{"class":87},[47,83743,590],{"class":83},[47,83745,25927],{"class":8573},[47,83747,58],{"class":57},[47,83749,3174],{"class":1271},[47,83751,1419],{"class":83},[47,83753,83754,83756,83758,83760,83762,83764,83766,83768,83770,83772,83774],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,83755,98],{"class":97},[47,83757,2374],{"class":83},[47,83759,2613],{"class":919},[47,83761,101],{"class":83},[47,83763,1567],{"class":87},[47,83765,3057],{"class":83},[47,83767,3272],{"class":655},[47,83769,3275],{"class":87},[47,83771,3278],{"class":655},[47,83773,5367],{"class":87},[47,83775,3284],{"class":83},[20,83777,83778],{},"These are useful for checking:",[133,83780,83781,83786,83791,83794],{},[136,83782,83783,83784],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,83785,7209],{},[136,83787,79156,83788,83790],{},[15,83789,7209],{}," is a list or some other type",[136,83792,83793],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[136,83795,83796],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,83798,68753,83799,83802,83803,83805],{},[15,83800,83801],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,83804,7209],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[33,83807,1155],{"id":1154},[724,83809,4540,83811,4543],{"id":83810},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,83812,81986],{},[20,83814,83815],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[724,83817,4568,83819,83821],{"id":83818},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,83820,81986],{}," work with strings?",[20,83823,83824],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[724,83826,71051],{"id":71050},[20,83828,83829,51899,83831,83833,83834,83836],{},[15,83830,81986],{},[15,83832,40107],{}," unless you use the ",[15,83835,82341],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[724,83838,83840,83841,1883],{"id":83839},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,83842,81986],{},[20,83844,1486,83845,1032],{},[15,83846,82894],{},[38,83848,83849],{"className":40,"code":82822,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,83850,83851,83883],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83852,83853,83855,83857,83859,83861,83863,83865,83867,83869,83871,83873,83875,83877,83879,83881],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83854,3466],{"class":53},[47,83856,58],{"class":57},[47,83858,3017],{"class":83},[47,83860,253],{"class":61},[47,83862,36452],{"class":65},[47,83864,253],{"class":61},[47,83866,590],{"class":83},[47,83868,62],{"class":61},[47,83870,67732],{"class":65},[47,83872,253],{"class":61},[47,83874,590],{"class":83},[47,83876,62],{"class":61},[47,83878,57533],{"class":65},[47,83880,253],{"class":61},[47,83882,3030],{"class":83},[47,83884,83885,83887,83889,83891,83893,83895,83897,83899,83901,83903],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,83886,98],{"class":97},[47,83888,101],{"class":83},[47,83890,82045],{"class":97},[47,83892,101],{"class":83},[47,83894,3509],{"class":87},[47,83896,590],{"class":83},[47,83898,20981],{"class":8573},[47,83900,58],{"class":57},[47,83902,10562],{"class":97},[47,83904,1419],{"class":83},[724,83906,4578,83908,1063,83910,1883],{"id":83907},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,83909,81986],{},[15,83911,73829],{},[20,83913,83914,83916,83917,83919],{},[15,83915,81986],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,83918,73829],{}," returns all items in order.",[33,83921,1275],{"id":1274},[133,83923,83924,83930,83936,83942,83946,83950],{},[136,83925,83926],{},[154,83927,83928,2901],{"href":83637},[15,83929,83640],{},[136,83931,83932],{},[154,83933,83934,2901],{"href":73926},[15,83935,73829],{},[136,83937,83938],{},[154,83939,83940,2901],{"href":41761},[15,83941,41764],{},[136,83943,83944],{},[154,83945,58362],{"href":58361},[136,83947,83948],{},[154,83949,65245],{"href":72283},[136,83951,83952],{},[154,83953,83467],{"href":83466},[1320,83955,83956],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":83958},[83959,83960,83962,83963,83965,83967,83969,83974,83976,83984,83986,83987,83998],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":82176,"depth":72,"text":83961},"What max() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":82345,"depth":72,"text":83964},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82515,"depth":72,"text":83966},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":82650,"depth":72,"text":83968},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78107,"depth":72,"text":79305,"children":83970},[83971,83972,83973],{"id":82818,"depth":94,"text":82819},{"id":82907,"depth":94,"text":82908},{"id":82989,"depth":94,"text":82990},{"id":83096,"depth":72,"text":83975},"Using the default argument",{"id":47390,"depth":72,"text":47391,"children":83977},[83978,83980,83982],{"id":83254,"depth":94,"text":83979},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83364,"depth":94,"text":83981},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83470,"depth":94,"text":83983},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83500,"depth":72,"text":83985},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":83988},[83989,83991,83993,83994,83996],{"id":83810,"depth":94,"text":83990},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":83818,"depth":94,"text":83992},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71050,"depth":94,"text":71051},{"id":83839,"depth":94,"text":83995},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":83907,"depth":94,"text":83997},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":81978,"description":83999},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84006,"title":84007,"body":84008,"description":85961,"extension":1354,"meta":85962,"navigation":311,"path":85963,"seo":85964,"stem":85965,"__hash__":85966},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84009,"toc":85918},[84010,84015,84020,84025,84027,84101,84103,84116,84121,84126,84142,84146,84151,84227,84233,84236,84279,84281,84289,84295,84298,84329,84331,84339,84345,84350,84409,84411,84420,84423,84433,84439,84444,84479,84481,84489,84495,84501,84506,84550,84552,84561,84564,84604,84606,84615,84618,84630,84635,84640,84691,84693,84702,84705,84756,84758,84767,84770,84777,84783,84788,84790,84805,84809,84869,84871,84880,84884,85056,85058,85095,85102,85108,85111,85138,85140,85161,85166,85201,85203,85211,85214,85217,85233,85238,85240,85244,85250,85254,85281,85284,85294,85334,85338,85341,85384,85386,85395,85398,85403,85472,85474,85482,85487,85491,85494,85545,85547,85555,85558,85621,85623,85631,85634,85639,85643,85656,85663,85671,85673,85675,85705,85711,85812,85822,85824,85829,85832,85837,85840,85842,85850,85858,85866,85873,85881,85883,85915],[10,84011,2968,84013,2972],{"id":84012},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84014,83640],{},[20,84016,84017,84019],{},[15,84018,83640],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84021,28,84022,84024],{},[15,84023,83640],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[33,84026,36],{"id":35},[38,84028,84030],{"className":40,"code":84029,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84031,84032,84056,84071,84075],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84033,84034,84036,84038,84040,84042,84044,84046,84048,84050,84052,84054],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84035,3012],{"class":53},[47,84037,58],{"class":57},[47,84039,3017],{"class":83},[47,84041,1531],{"class":586},[47,84043,590],{"class":83},[47,84045,2382],{"class":586},[47,84047,590],{"class":83},[47,84049,53541],{"class":586},[47,84051,590],{"class":83},[47,84053,4898],{"class":586},[47,84055,3030],{"class":83},[47,84057,84058,84060,84062,84065,84067,84069],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,84059,98],{"class":97},[47,84061,101],{"class":83},[47,84063,84064],{"class":97},"min",[47,84066,101],{"class":83},[47,84068,3044],{"class":87},[47,84070,1419],{"class":83},[47,84072,84073],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,84074,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,84076,84077,84079,84081,84083,84085,84087,84089,84091,84093,84095,84097,84099],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,84078,98],{"class":97},[47,84080,101],{"class":83},[47,84082,84064],{"class":97},[47,84084,101],{"class":83},[47,84086,1531],{"class":586},[47,84088,590],{"class":83},[47,84090,2382],{"class":586},[47,84092,590],{"class":83},[47,84094,53541],{"class":586},[47,84096,590],{"class":83},[47,84098,4898],{"class":586},[47,84100,1419],{"class":83},[20,84102,338],{},[38,84104,84106],{"className":40,"code":84105,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1\n1\n",[15,84107,84108,84112],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84109,84110],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84111,46321],{"class":586},[47,84113,84114],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,84115,46321],{"class":586},[20,84117,1486,84118,84120],{},[15,84119,83640],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[33,84122,128,84124,131],{"id":84123},"what-min-does",[15,84125,83640],{},[133,84127,84128,84133,84136,84139],{},[136,84129,84130,84132],{},[15,84131,83640],{}," returns the smallest item",[136,84134,84135],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[136,84137,84138],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[136,84140,84141],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[33,84143,84145],{"id":84144},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84147,84148,84149,1032],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84150,83640],{},[38,84152,84154],{"className":40,"code":84153,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84155,84156,84166,84191,84209],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84157,84158,84160,84162,84164],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84159,84064],{"class":97},[47,84161,101],{"class":83},[47,84163,3116],{"class":87},[47,84165,107],{"class":83},[47,84167,84168,84170,84172,84175,84177,84180,84182,84185,84187,84189],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,84169,84064],{"class":97},[47,84171,101],{"class":83},[47,84173,84174],{"class":87},"value1",[47,84176,590],{"class":83},[47,84178,84179],{"class":87}," value2",[47,84181,590],{"class":83},[47,84183,84184],{"class":87}," value3",[47,84186,590],{"class":83},[47,84188,33859],{"class":97},[47,84190,107],{"class":83},[47,84192,84193,84195,84197,84199,84201,84203,84205,84207],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,84194,84064],{"class":97},[47,84196,101],{"class":83},[47,84198,3116],{"class":87},[47,84200,590],{"class":83},[47,84202,20981],{"class":8573},[47,84204,58],{"class":57},[47,84206,36775],{"class":97},[47,84208,107],{"class":83},[47,84210,84211,84213,84215,84217,84219,84221,84223,84225],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,84212,84064],{"class":97},[47,84214,101],{"class":83},[47,84216,3116],{"class":87},[47,84218,590],{"class":83},[47,84220,25927],{"class":8573},[47,84222,58],{"class":57},[47,84224,36775],{"class":97},[47,84226,107],{"class":83},[724,84228,84230],{"id":84229},"miniterable",[15,84231,84232],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84234,84235],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[38,84237,84239],{"className":40,"code":84238,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84240,84241,84265],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84242,84243,84245,84247,84249,84251,84253,84255,84257,84259,84261,84263],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84244,3012],{"class":53},[47,84246,58],{"class":57},[47,84248,3017],{"class":83},[47,84250,1734],{"class":586},[47,84252,590],{"class":83},[47,84254,1841],{"class":586},[47,84256,590],{"class":83},[47,84258,30348],{"class":586},[47,84260,590],{"class":83},[47,84262,4898],{"class":586},[47,84264,3030],{"class":83},[47,84266,84267,84269,84271,84273,84275,84277],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,84268,98],{"class":97},[47,84270,101],{"class":83},[47,84272,84064],{"class":97},[47,84274,101],{"class":83},[47,84276,3044],{"class":87},[47,84278,1419],{"class":83},[20,84280,338],{},[38,84282,84283],{"className":40,"code":46321,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,84284,84285],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84286,84287],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84288,46321],{"class":586},[724,84290,84292],{"id":84291},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84293,84294],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84296,84297],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[38,84299,84301],{"className":40,"code":84300,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84302,84303],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84304,84305,84307,84309,84311,84313,84315,84317,84319,84321,84323,84325,84327],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84306,98],{"class":97},[47,84308,101],{"class":83},[47,84310,84064],{"class":97},[47,84312,101],{"class":83},[47,84314,1734],{"class":586},[47,84316,590],{"class":83},[47,84318,1841],{"class":586},[47,84320,590],{"class":83},[47,84322,30348],{"class":586},[47,84324,590],{"class":83},[47,84326,4898],{"class":586},[47,84328,1419],{"class":83},[20,84330,338],{},[38,84332,84333],{"className":40,"code":46321,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,84334,84335],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84336,84337],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84338,46321],{"class":586},[724,84340,84342],{"id":84341},"miniterable-key",[15,84343,84344],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84346,1486,84347,84349],{},[15,84348,14243],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[38,84351,84353],{"className":40,"code":84352,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84354,84355,84387],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84356,84357,84359,84361,84363,84365,84367,84369,84371,84373,84375,84377,84379,84381,84383,84385],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84358,3466],{"class":53},[47,84360,58],{"class":57},[47,84362,3017],{"class":83},[47,84364,253],{"class":61},[47,84366,78149],{"class":65},[47,84368,253],{"class":61},[47,84370,590],{"class":83},[47,84372,62],{"class":61},[47,84374,37746],{"class":65},[47,84376,253],{"class":61},[47,84378,590],{"class":83},[47,84380,62],{"class":61},[47,84382,288],{"class":65},[47,84384,253],{"class":61},[47,84386,3030],{"class":83},[47,84388,84389,84391,84393,84395,84397,84399,84401,84403,84405,84407],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,84390,98],{"class":97},[47,84392,101],{"class":83},[47,84394,84064],{"class":97},[47,84396,101],{"class":83},[47,84398,3509],{"class":87},[47,84400,590],{"class":83},[47,84402,20981],{"class":8573},[47,84404,58],{"class":57},[47,84406,10562],{"class":97},[47,84408,1419],{"class":83},[20,84410,338],{},[38,84412,84414],{"className":40,"code":84413,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"kiwi\n",[15,84415,84416],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84417,84418],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84419,84413],{"class":53},[20,84421,84422],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,84424,84425,84426,84428,84429,84],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,84427,41764],{},", see the ",[154,84430,84431,2901],{"href":41761},[15,84432,41764],{},[724,84434,84436],{"id":84435},"miniterable-default",[15,84437,84438],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,84440,1486,84441,84443],{},[15,84442,82341],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[38,84445,84447],{"className":40,"code":84446,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84448,84449,84457],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84450,84451,84453,84455],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84452,3012],{"class":53},[47,84454,58],{"class":57},[47,84456,7238],{"class":83},[47,84458,84459,84461,84463,84465,84467,84469,84471,84473,84475,84477],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,84460,98],{"class":97},[47,84462,101],{"class":83},[47,84464,84064],{"class":97},[47,84466,101],{"class":83},[47,84468,3044],{"class":87},[47,84470,590],{"class":83},[47,84472,25927],{"class":8573},[47,84474,58],{"class":57},[47,84476,1514],{"class":586},[47,84478,1419],{"class":83},[20,84480,338],{},[38,84482,84483],{"className":40,"code":46656,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,84484,84485],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84486,84487],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84488,46656],{"class":586},[20,84490,84491,84492,84494],{},"This avoids a ",[15,84493,40107],{}," when there is no item to return.",[33,84496,7816,84498,84500],{"id":84497},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,84499,83640],{}," with numbers",[20,84502,84503,84505],{},[15,84504,83640],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[38,84507,84509],{"className":40,"code":84508,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,84510,84511,84536],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84512,84513,84515,84517,84519,84521,84523,84526,84528,84530,84532,84534],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84514,4461],{"class":53},[47,84516,58],{"class":57},[47,84518,3017],{"class":83},[47,84520,50909],{"class":586},[47,84522,590],{"class":83},[47,84524,84525],{"class":586}," 72",[47,84527,590],{"class":83},[47,84529,28310],{"class":586},[47,84531,590],{"class":83},[47,84533,75505],{"class":586},[47,84535,3030],{"class":83},[47,84537,84538,84540,84542,84544,84546,84548],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,84539,98],{"class":97},[47,84541,101],{"class":83},[47,84543,84064],{"class":97},[47,84545,101],{"class":83},[47,84547,15792],{"class":87},[47,84549,1419],{"class":83},[20,84551,338],{},[38,84553,84555],{"className":40,"code":84554,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"60\n",[15,84556,84557],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84558,84559],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84560,84554],{"class":586},[20,84562,84563],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[38,84565,84567],{"className":40,"code":84566,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,84568,84569,84590],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84570,84571,84573,84575,84577,84579,84581,84584,84586,84588],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84572,82453],{"class":53},[47,84574,58],{"class":57},[47,84576,3017],{"class":83},[47,84578,39801],{"class":586},[47,84580,590],{"class":83},[47,84582,84583],{"class":586}," 5.49",[47,84585,590],{"class":83},[47,84587,82469],{"class":586},[47,84589,3030],{"class":83},[47,84591,84592,84594,84596,84598,84600,84602],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,84593,98],{"class":97},[47,84595,101],{"class":83},[47,84597,84064],{"class":97},[47,84599,101],{"class":83},[47,84601,82489],{"class":87},[47,84603,1419],{"class":83},[20,84605,338],{},[38,84607,84609],{"className":40,"code":84608,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5.49\n",[15,84610,84611],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84612,84613],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84614,84608],{"class":586},[20,84616,84617],{},"This is useful for things like:",[133,84619,84620,84622,84624,84627],{},[136,84621,15792],{},[136,84623,82489],{},[136,84625,84626],{},"measurements",[136,84628,84629],{},"ages",[33,84631,7816,84633,46463],{"id":84632},"using-min-with-strings",[15,84634,83640],{},[20,84636,84637,84639],{},[15,84638,83640],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[38,84641,84643],{"className":40,"code":84642,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84644,84645,84677],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84646,84647,84649,84651,84653,84655,84657,84659,84661,84663,84665,84667,84669,84671,84673,84675],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84648,3466],{"class":53},[47,84650,58],{"class":57},[47,84652,3017],{"class":83},[47,84654,253],{"class":61},[47,84656,288],{"class":65},[47,84658,253],{"class":61},[47,84660,590],{"class":83},[47,84662,62],{"class":61},[47,84664,3475],{"class":65},[47,84666,253],{"class":61},[47,84668,590],{"class":83},[47,84670,62],{"class":61},[47,84672,3492],{"class":65},[47,84674,253],{"class":61},[47,84676,3030],{"class":83},[47,84678,84679,84681,84683,84685,84687,84689],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,84680,98],{"class":97},[47,84682,101],{"class":83},[47,84684,84064],{"class":97},[47,84686,101],{"class":83},[47,84688,3509],{"class":87},[47,84690,1419],{"class":83},[20,84692,338],{},[38,84694,84696],{"className":40,"code":84695,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"apple\n",[15,84697,84698],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84699,84700],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84701,84695],{"class":53},[20,84703,84704],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[38,84706,84708],{"className":40,"code":84707,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84709,84710,84742],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84711,84712,84714,84716,84718,84720,84722,84724,84726,84728,84730,84732,84734,84736,84738,84740],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84713,3466],{"class":53},[47,84715,58],{"class":57},[47,84717,3017],{"class":83},[47,84719,253],{"class":61},[47,84721,288],{"class":65},[47,84723,253],{"class":61},[47,84725,590],{"class":83},[47,84727,62],{"class":61},[47,84729,57174],{"class":65},[47,84731,253],{"class":61},[47,84733,590],{"class":83},[47,84735,62],{"class":61},[47,84737,3492],{"class":65},[47,84739,253],{"class":61},[47,84741,3030],{"class":83},[47,84743,84744,84746,84748,84750,84752,84754],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,84745,98],{"class":97},[47,84747,101],{"class":83},[47,84749,84064],{"class":97},[47,84751,101],{"class":83},[47,84753,3509],{"class":87},[47,84755,1419],{"class":83},[20,84757,338],{},[38,84759,84761],{"className":40,"code":84760,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Apple\n",[15,84762,84763],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84764,84765],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84766,84760],{"class":53},[20,84768,84769],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,84771,84772,84773,84],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[154,84774,84775,5184],{"href":73926},[15,84776,73829],{},[33,84778,7816,84780,84782],{"id":84779},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,84781,83640],{}," with a key function",[20,84784,1371,84785,84787],{},[15,84786,14243],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,84789,188],{},[133,84791,84792,84797,84802],{},[136,84793,84794,84796],{},[15,84795,14243],{}," changes the comparison rule",[136,84798,84799,84801],{},[15,84800,83640],{}," still returns the original item",[136,84803,84804],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[724,84806,84808],{"id":84807},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[38,84810,84812],{"className":40,"code":84811,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84813,84814,84847],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84815,84816,84818,84820,84822,84824,84826,84828,84830,84832,84834,84836,84838,84840,84843,84845],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84817,3466],{"class":53},[47,84819,58],{"class":57},[47,84821,3017],{"class":83},[47,84823,253],{"class":61},[47,84825,67732],{"class":65},[47,84827,253],{"class":61},[47,84829,590],{"class":83},[47,84831,62],{"class":61},[47,84833,36452],{"class":65},[47,84835,253],{"class":61},[47,84837,590],{"class":83},[47,84839,62],{"class":61},[47,84841,84842],{"class":65},"giraffe",[47,84844,253],{"class":61},[47,84846,3030],{"class":83},[47,84848,84849,84851,84853,84855,84857,84859,84861,84863,84865,84867],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,84850,98],{"class":97},[47,84852,101],{"class":83},[47,84854,84064],{"class":97},[47,84856,101],{"class":83},[47,84858,3509],{"class":87},[47,84860,590],{"class":83},[47,84862,20981],{"class":8573},[47,84864,58],{"class":57},[47,84866,10562],{"class":97},[47,84868,1419],{"class":83},[20,84870,338],{},[38,84872,84874],{"className":40,"code":84873,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"cat\n",[15,84875,84876],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84877,84878],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84879,84873],{"class":53},[724,84881,84883],{"id":84882},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[38,84885,84887],{"className":40,"code":84886,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,84888,84889,84899,84934,84966,84998,85002,85006,85045],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84890,84891,84894,84896],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84892,84893],{"class":53},"students ",[47,84895,58],{"class":57},[47,84897,84898],{"class":83}," [\n",[47,84900,84901,84904,84906,84908,84910,84912,84914,84916,84918,84920,84922,84925,84927,84929,84931],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,84902,84903],{"class":83},"    {",[47,84905,253],{"class":61},[47,84907,229],{"class":65},[47,84909,253],{"class":61},[47,84911,1032],{"class":83},[47,84913,62],{"class":61},[47,84915,12280],{"class":65},[47,84917,253],{"class":61},[47,84919,590],{"class":83},[47,84921,62],{"class":61},[47,84923,84924],{"class":65},"score",[47,84926,253],{"class":61},[47,84928,1032],{"class":83},[47,84930,12908],{"class":586},[47,84932,84933],{"class":83},"},\n",[47,84935,84936,84938,84940,84942,84944,84946,84948,84950,84952,84954,84956,84958,84960,84962,84964],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,84937,84903],{"class":83},[47,84939,253],{"class":61},[47,84941,229],{"class":65},[47,84943,253],{"class":61},[47,84945,1032],{"class":83},[47,84947,62],{"class":61},[47,84949,35345],{"class":65},[47,84951,253],{"class":61},[47,84953,590],{"class":83},[47,84955,62],{"class":61},[47,84957,84924],{"class":65},[47,84959,253],{"class":61},[47,84961,1032],{"class":83},[47,84963,84525],{"class":586},[47,84965,84933],{"class":83},[47,84967,84968,84970,84972,84974,84976,84978,84980,84982,84984,84986,84988,84990,84992,84994,84996],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,84969,84903],{"class":83},[47,84971,253],{"class":61},[47,84973,229],{"class":65},[47,84975,253],{"class":61},[47,84977,1032],{"class":83},[47,84979,62],{"class":61},[47,84981,35354],{"class":65},[47,84983,253],{"class":61},[47,84985,590],{"class":83},[47,84987,62],{"class":61},[47,84989,84924],{"class":65},[47,84991,253],{"class":61},[47,84993,1032],{"class":83},[47,84995,19300],{"class":586},[47,84997,8707],{"class":83},[47,84999,85000],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,85001,3030],{"class":83},[47,85003,85004],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,85005,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,85007,85008,85011,85013,85016,85018,85021,85023,85025,85027,85029,85031,85033,85035,85037,85039,85041,85043],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,85009,85010],{"class":53},"lowest ",[47,85012,58],{"class":57},[47,85014,85015],{"class":97}," min",[47,85017,101],{"class":83},[47,85019,85020],{"class":87},"students",[47,85022,590],{"class":83},[47,85024,20981],{"class":8573},[47,85026,58],{"class":57},[47,85028,37064],{"class":1458},[47,85030,12306],{"class":37067},[47,85032,1032],{"class":83},[47,85034,12306],{"class":87},[47,85036,3296],{"class":83},[47,85038,253],{"class":61},[47,85040,84924],{"class":65},[47,85042,253],{"class":61},[47,85044,3284],{"class":83},[47,85046,85047,85049,85051,85054],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,85048,98],{"class":97},[47,85050,101],{"class":83},[47,85052,85053],{"class":87},"lowest",[47,85055,107],{"class":83},[20,85057,338],{},[38,85059,85061],{"className":40,"code":85060,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85062,85063],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85064,85065,85067,85069,85071,85073,85075,85077,85079,85081,85083,85085,85087,85089,85091,85093],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85066,8676],{"class":83},[47,85068,2693],{"class":61},[47,85070,229],{"class":65},[47,85072,2693],{"class":61},[47,85074,1032],{"class":83},[47,85076,2688],{"class":61},[47,85078,35345],{"class":65},[47,85080,2693],{"class":61},[47,85082,590],{"class":83},[47,85084,2688],{"class":61},[47,85086,84924],{"class":65},[47,85088,2693],{"class":61},[47,85090,1032],{"class":83},[47,85092,84525],{"class":586},[47,85094,8707],{"class":83},[20,85096,85097,85098,85101],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85099,85100],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[33,85103,7816,85105,85107],{"id":85104},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85106,82341],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85109,85110],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[38,85112,85114],{"className":40,"code":85113,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85115,85116,85124],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85117,85118,85120,85122],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85119,3012],{"class":53},[47,85121,58],{"class":57},[47,85123,7238],{"class":83},[47,85125,85126,85128,85130,85132,85134,85136],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,85127,98],{"class":97},[47,85129,101],{"class":83},[47,85131,84064],{"class":97},[47,85133,101],{"class":83},[47,85135,3044],{"class":87},[47,85137,1419],{"class":83},[20,85139,338],{},[38,85141,85143],{"className":40,"code":85142,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85144,85145],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85146,85147,85149,85151,85153,85155,85157,85159],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85148,40107],{"class":919},[47,85150,1032],{"class":83},[47,85152,85015],{"class":97},[47,85154,666],{"class":83},[47,85156,83311],{"class":53},[47,85158,11593],{"class":57},[47,85160,83316],{"class":53},[20,85162,85163,85164,1032],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85165,82341],{},[38,85167,85169],{"className":40,"code":85168,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85170,85171,85179],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85172,85173,85175,85177],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85174,3012],{"class":53},[47,85176,58],{"class":57},[47,85178,7238],{"class":83},[47,85180,85181,85183,85185,85187,85189,85191,85193,85195,85197,85199],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,85182,98],{"class":97},[47,85184,101],{"class":83},[47,85186,84064],{"class":97},[47,85188,101],{"class":83},[47,85190,3044],{"class":87},[47,85192,590],{"class":83},[47,85194,25927],{"class":8573},[47,85196,58],{"class":57},[47,85198,3174],{"class":1271},[47,85200,1419],{"class":83},[20,85202,338],{},[38,85204,85205],{"className":40,"code":11207,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,85206,85207],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85208,85209],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85210,11207],{"class":1271},[20,85212,85213],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85215,85216],{},"Remember:",[133,85218,85219,85227],{},[136,85220,85221,85223,85224,85226],{},[15,85222,82341],{}," works only when ",[15,85225,83640],{}," gets one iterable argument",[136,85228,85229,85230],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85231,85232],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85234,85235,85236,84],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[154,85237,65245],{"href":72283},[33,85239,10144],{"id":10143},[20,85241,56181,85242,84],{},[15,85243,83640],{},[724,85245,85247,85248],{"id":85246},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85249,82341],{},[20,85251,2392,85252,1032],{},[15,85253,40107],{},[38,85255,85257],{"className":40,"code":85256,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85258,85259,85267],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85260,85261,85263,85265],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85262,7178],{"class":53},[47,85264,58],{"class":57},[47,85266,7238],{"class":83},[47,85268,85269,85271,85273,85275,85277,85279],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,85270,98],{"class":97},[47,85272,101],{"class":83},[47,85274,84064],{"class":97},[47,85276,101],{"class":83},[47,85278,7209],{"class":87},[47,85280,1419],{"class":83},[20,85282,85283],{},"Fix it by:",[133,85285,85286,85289],{},[136,85287,85288],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[136,85290,85291,85292],{},"or using ",[15,85293,82341],{},[38,85295,85297],{"className":40,"code":85296,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85298,85299,85307],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85300,85301,85303,85305],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85302,7178],{"class":53},[47,85304,58],{"class":57},[47,85306,7238],{"class":83},[47,85308,85309,85311,85313,85315,85317,85319,85321,85323,85325,85327,85330,85332],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,85310,98],{"class":97},[47,85312,101],{"class":83},[47,85314,84064],{"class":97},[47,85316,101],{"class":83},[47,85318,7209],{"class":87},[47,85320,590],{"class":83},[47,85322,25927],{"class":8573},[47,85324,58],{"class":57},[47,85326,253],{"class":61},[47,85328,85329],{"class":65},"no items",[47,85331,253],{"class":61},[47,85333,1419],{"class":83},[724,85335,85337],{"id":85336},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85339,85340],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[38,85342,85344],{"className":40,"code":85343,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85345,85346,85370],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85347,85348,85350,85352,85354,85356,85358,85360,85362,85364,85366,85368],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85349,8563],{"class":53},[47,85351,58],{"class":57},[47,85353,3017],{"class":83},[47,85355,1719],{"class":586},[47,85357,590],{"class":83},[47,85359,62],{"class":61},[47,85361,15157],{"class":65},[47,85363,253],{"class":61},[47,85365,590],{"class":83},[47,85367,4002],{"class":586},[47,85369,3030],{"class":83},[47,85371,85372,85374,85376,85378,85380,85382],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,85373,98],{"class":97},[47,85375,101],{"class":83},[47,85377,84064],{"class":97},[47,85379,101],{"class":83},[47,85381,8602],{"class":87},[47,85383,1419],{"class":83},[20,85385,338],{},[38,85387,85389],{"className":40,"code":85388,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"TypeError\n",[15,85390,85391],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85392,85393],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85394,85388],{"class":919},[20,85396,85397],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,85399,85400,85401,84],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,85402,83640],{},[38,85404,85406],{"className":40,"code":85405,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85407,85408,85432,85458],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85409,85410,85412,85414,85416,85418,85420,85422,85424,85426,85428,85430],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85411,8563],{"class":53},[47,85413,58],{"class":57},[47,85415,3017],{"class":83},[47,85417,1719],{"class":586},[47,85419,590],{"class":83},[47,85421,62],{"class":61},[47,85423,15157],{"class":65},[47,85425,253],{"class":61},[47,85427,590],{"class":83},[47,85429,4002],{"class":586},[47,85431,3030],{"class":83},[47,85433,85434,85436,85438,85440,85442,85444,85446,85448,85450,85452,85454,85456],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,85435,3012],{"class":53},[47,85437,58],{"class":57},[47,85439,3017],{"class":83},[47,85441,890],{"class":919},[47,85443,101],{"class":83},[47,85445,1567],{"class":87},[47,85447,3057],{"class":83},[47,85449,3272],{"class":655},[47,85451,3275],{"class":53},[47,85453,3278],{"class":655},[47,85455,13968],{"class":53},[47,85457,3030],{"class":83},[47,85459,85460,85462,85464,85466,85468,85470],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,85461,98],{"class":97},[47,85463,101],{"class":83},[47,85465,84064],{"class":97},[47,85467,101],{"class":83},[47,85469,3044],{"class":87},[47,85471,1419],{"class":83},[20,85473,338],{},[38,85475,85476],{"className":40,"code":2335,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,85477,85478],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85479,85480],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85481,2335],{"class":586},[20,85483,85484,85485,84],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,85486,2395],{},[724,85488,85490],{"id":85489},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,85492,85493],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[38,85495,85497],{"className":40,"code":85496,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85498,85499,85531],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85500,85501,85503,85505,85507,85509,85511,85513,85515,85517,85519,85521,85523,85525,85527,85529],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85502,3466],{"class":53},[47,85504,58],{"class":57},[47,85506,3017],{"class":83},[47,85508,253],{"class":61},[47,85510,78965],{"class":65},[47,85512,253],{"class":61},[47,85514,590],{"class":83},[47,85516,62],{"class":61},[47,85518,57174],{"class":65},[47,85520,253],{"class":61},[47,85522,590],{"class":83},[47,85524,62],{"class":61},[47,85526,78982],{"class":65},[47,85528,253],{"class":61},[47,85530,3030],{"class":83},[47,85532,85533,85535,85537,85539,85541,85543],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,85534,98],{"class":97},[47,85536,101],{"class":83},[47,85538,84064],{"class":97},[47,85540,101],{"class":83},[47,85542,3509],{"class":87},[47,85544,1419],{"class":83},[20,85546,338],{},[38,85548,85549],{"className":40,"code":84760,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,85550,85551],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85552,85553],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85554,84760],{"class":53},[20,85556,85557],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[38,85559,85561],{"className":40,"code":85560,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,85562,85563,85595],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85564,85565,85567,85569,85571,85573,85575,85577,85579,85581,85583,85585,85587,85589,85591,85593],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85566,3466],{"class":53},[47,85568,58],{"class":57},[47,85570,3017],{"class":83},[47,85572,253],{"class":61},[47,85574,78965],{"class":65},[47,85576,253],{"class":61},[47,85578,590],{"class":83},[47,85580,62],{"class":61},[47,85582,57174],{"class":65},[47,85584,253],{"class":61},[47,85586,590],{"class":83},[47,85588,62],{"class":61},[47,85590,78982],{"class":65},[47,85592,253],{"class":61},[47,85594,3030],{"class":83},[47,85596,85597,85599,85601,85603,85605,85607,85609,85611,85613,85615,85617,85619],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,85598,98],{"class":97},[47,85600,101],{"class":83},[47,85602,84064],{"class":97},[47,85604,101],{"class":83},[47,85606,3509],{"class":87},[47,85608,590],{"class":83},[47,85610,20981],{"class":8573},[47,85612,58],{"class":57},[47,85614,920],{"class":919},[47,85616,84],{"class":83},[47,85618,8038],{"class":24153},[47,85620,1419],{"class":83},[20,85622,338],{},[38,85624,85625],{"className":40,"code":84760,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,85626,85627],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85628,85629],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85630,84760],{"class":53},[20,85632,85633],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[33,85635,603,85637],{"id":85636},"when-to-use-min",[15,85638,83640],{},[20,85640,1486,85641,10001],{},[15,85642,83640],{},[133,85644,85645,85648,85653],{},[136,85646,85647],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[136,85649,85650,85651],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,85652,14243],{},[136,85654,85655],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,85657,1486,85658,85662],{},[154,85659,85660],{"href":73926},[15,85661,73829],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,85664,1486,85665,85670],{},[154,85666,85668],{"href":85667},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,85669,81986],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[33,85672,722],{"id":721},[20,85674,83645],{},[133,85676,85677,85685,85688,85693,85700],{},[136,85678,85679,85680,85682,85683],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,85681,83640],{}," without using ",[15,85684,82341],{},[136,85686,85687],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[136,85689,7852,85690,85692],{},[15,85691,83640],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[136,85694,4101,85695,85697,85698,84801],{},[15,85696,14243],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,85699,83640],{},[136,85701,7816,85702,85704],{},[15,85703,82341],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,85706,85707,85708,85710],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,85709,83640],{},", these quick checks can help:",[38,85712,85714],{"className":40,"code":85713,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85715,85716,85730,85740,85754,85768,85790],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85717,85718,85720,85722,85724,85726,85728],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85719,98],{"class":97},[47,85721,101],{"class":83},[47,85723,2613],{"class":919},[47,85725,101],{"class":83},[47,85727,8602],{"class":87},[47,85729,1419],{"class":83},[47,85731,85732,85734,85736,85738],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,85733,98],{"class":97},[47,85735,101],{"class":83},[47,85737,8602],{"class":87},[47,85739,107],{"class":83},[47,85741,85742,85744,85746,85748,85750,85752],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,85743,98],{"class":97},[47,85745,101],{"class":83},[47,85747,10562],{"class":97},[47,85749,101],{"class":83},[47,85751,8602],{"class":87},[47,85753,1419],{"class":83},[47,85755,85756,85758,85760,85762,85764,85766],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,85757,98],{"class":97},[47,85759,101],{"class":83},[47,85761,84064],{"class":97},[47,85763,101],{"class":83},[47,85765,8602],{"class":87},[47,85767,1419],{"class":83},[47,85769,85770,85772,85774,85776,85778,85780,85782,85784,85786,85788],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,85771,98],{"class":97},[47,85773,101],{"class":83},[47,85775,84064],{"class":97},[47,85777,101],{"class":83},[47,85779,8602],{"class":87},[47,85781,590],{"class":83},[47,85783,25927],{"class":8573},[47,85785,58],{"class":57},[47,85787,3174],{"class":1271},[47,85789,1419],{"class":83},[47,85791,85792,85794,85796,85798,85800,85802,85804,85806,85808,85810],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,85793,98],{"class":97},[47,85795,101],{"class":83},[47,85797,84064],{"class":97},[47,85799,101],{"class":83},[47,85801,3509],{"class":87},[47,85803,590],{"class":83},[47,85805,20981],{"class":8573},[47,85807,58],{"class":57},[47,85809,10562],{"class":97},[47,85811,1419],{"class":83},[20,85813,85814,85815,85818,85819,85821],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,85816,85817],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,85820,8602],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[33,85823,1155],{"id":1154},[724,85825,4540,85827,4543],{"id":85826},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,85828,83640],{},[20,85830,85831],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[724,85833,4568,85835,83821],{"id":85834},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,85836,83640],{},[20,85838,85839],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[724,85841,71051],{"id":71050},[20,85843,85844,51899,85846,83833,85848,36026],{},[15,85845,83640],{},[15,85847,40107],{},[15,85849,82341],{},[724,85851,4540,85853,85855,85856,1883],{"id":85852},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,85854,14243],{}," do in ",[15,85857,83640],{},[20,85859,85860,85862,85863,85865],{},[15,85861,14243],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,85864,82894],{}," compares strings by length.",[724,85867,4578,85869,1063,85871,1883],{"id":85868},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,85870,83640],{},[15,85872,73829],{},[20,85874,85875,85877,85878,85880],{},[15,85876,83640],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,85879,73829],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[33,85882,1275],{"id":1274},[133,85884,85885,85891,85897,85903,85907,85911],{},[136,85886,85887],{},[154,85888,85889,2901],{"href":85667},[15,85890,81986],{},[136,85892,85893],{},[154,85894,85895,2901],{"href":73926},[15,85896,73829],{},[136,85898,85899],{},[154,85900,85901,2901],{"href":41761},[15,85902,41764],{},[136,85904,85905],{},[154,85906,79278],{"href":77781},[136,85908,85909],{},[154,85910,58362],{"href":58361},[136,85912,85913],{},[154,85914,65245],{"href":72283},[1320,85916,85917],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":85919},[85920,85921,85923,85929,85931,85933,85938,85940,85946,85948,85949,85960],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":84123,"depth":72,"text":85922},"What min() does",{"id":84144,"depth":72,"text":84145,"children":85924},[85925,85926,85927,85928],{"id":84229,"depth":94,"text":84232},{"id":84291,"depth":94,"text":84294},{"id":84341,"depth":94,"text":84344},{"id":84435,"depth":94,"text":84438},{"id":84497,"depth":72,"text":85930},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":84632,"depth":72,"text":85932},"Using min() with strings",{"id":84779,"depth":72,"text":85934,"children":85935},"Using min() with a key function",[85936,85937],{"id":84807,"depth":94,"text":84808},{"id":84882,"depth":94,"text":84883},{"id":85104,"depth":72,"text":85939},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10143,"depth":72,"text":10144,"children":85941},[85942,85944,85945],{"id":85246,"depth":94,"text":85943},"Empty list without default",{"id":85336,"depth":94,"text":85337},{"id":85489,"depth":94,"text":85490},{"id":85636,"depth":72,"text":85947},"When to use min()",{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":85950},[85951,85953,85955,85956,85958],{"id":85826,"depth":94,"text":85952},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":85834,"depth":94,"text":85954},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71050,"depth":94,"text":71051},{"id":85852,"depth":94,"text":85957},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":85868,"depth":94,"text":85959},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84007,"description":85961},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":85968,"title":85969,"body":85970,"description":88149,"extension":1354,"meta":88150,"navigation":311,"path":88151,"seo":88152,"stem":88153,"__hash__":88154},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":85971,"toc":88113},[85972,85975,85981,85987,85989,86070,86079,86083,86088,86090,86135,86137,86217,86223,86225,86228,86260,86262,86280,86282,86355,86357,86376,86380,86383,86419,86421,86488,86562,86635,86640,86644,86650,86653,86670,86673,86675,86736,86738,86758,86764,86768,86771,86841,86844,86863,86868,86944,86947,86951,86957,86961,86966,87036,87040,87045,87119,87123,87126,87201,87212,87216,87221,87311,87316,87384,87387,87406,87417,87421,87424,87429,87432,87494,87497,87508,87513,87516,87519,87524,87527,87530,87534,87537,87543,87546,87557,87559,87621,87636,87642,87645,87648,87659,87670,87676,87679,87681,87743,87753,87759,87764,87770,87774,87780,87783,87804,87806,87811,87838,87841,87868,87871,87910,87913,87951,87954,88015,88018,88020,88024,88027,88031,88037,88045,88053,88057,88060,88064,88070,88072,88110],[10,85973,85969],{"id":85974},"python-open-function-explained",[20,85976,85977,85980],{},[15,85978,85979],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,85982,85983,85984,85986],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,85985,85979],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[33,85988,36],{"id":35},[38,85990,85992],{"className":40,"code":85991,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,85993,85994,86043,86059],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85995,85996,85999,86002,86004,86006,86009,86011,86013,86015,86017,86019,86021,86024,86026,86028,86031,86033,86035,86037,86041],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85997,85998],{"class":655},"with",[47,86000,86001],{"class":97}," open",[47,86003,101],{"class":83},[47,86005,253],{"class":61},[47,86007,86008],{"class":65},"example.txt",[47,86010,253],{"class":61},[47,86012,590],{"class":83},[47,86014,62],{"class":61},[47,86016,59911],{"class":65},[47,86018,253],{"class":61},[47,86020,590],{"class":83},[47,86022,86023],{"class":8573}," encoding",[47,86025,58],{"class":57},[47,86027,253],{"class":61},[47,86029,86030],{"class":65},"utf-8",[47,86032,253],{"class":61},[47,86034,3057],{"class":83},[47,86036,46762],{"class":655},[47,86038,86040],{"class":86039},"sMMDD"," file",[47,86042,679],{"class":83},[47,86044,86045,86048,86050,86052,86054,86057],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,86046,86047],{"class":53},"    content ",[47,86049,58],{"class":57},[47,86051,86040],{"class":86039},[47,86053,84],{"class":83},[47,86055,86056],{"class":87},"read",[47,86058,91],{"class":83},[47,86060,86061,86063,86065,86068],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,86062,684],{"class":97},[47,86064,101],{"class":83},[47,86066,86067],{"class":87},"content",[47,86069,107],{"class":83},[20,86071,1486,86072,86074,86075,86078],{},[15,86073,85998],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86076,86077],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[33,86080,86082],{"id":86081},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86084,86085,86087],{},[15,86086,85979],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86089,188],{},[133,86091,86092,86095,86100,86105],{},[136,86093,86094],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[136,86096,40309,86097,86099],{},[121,86098,123],{}," read or write anything by itself",[136,86101,16824,86102],{},[121,86103,86104],{},"file object",[136,86106,86107,86108],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[133,86109,86110,86115,86120,86125,86130],{},[136,86111,86112],{},[15,86113,86114],{},"read()",[136,86116,86117],{},[15,86118,86119],{},"readline()",[136,86121,86122],{},[15,86123,86124],{},"readlines()",[136,86126,86127],{},[15,86128,86129],{},"write()",[136,86131,86132],{},[15,86133,86134],{},"close()",[20,86136,538],{},[38,86138,86140],{"className":40,"code":86139,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86141,86142,86181,86196,86206],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86143,86144,86147,86149,86151,86153,86155,86157,86159,86161,86163,86165,86167,86169,86171,86173,86175,86177,86179],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86145,86146],{"class":86039},"file",[47,86148,12677],{"class":57},[47,86150,86001],{"class":97},[47,86152,101],{"class":83},[47,86154,253],{"class":61},[47,86156,86008],{"class":65},[47,86158,253],{"class":61},[47,86160,590],{"class":83},[47,86162,62],{"class":61},[47,86164,59911],{"class":65},[47,86166,253],{"class":61},[47,86168,590],{"class":83},[47,86170,86023],{"class":8573},[47,86172,58],{"class":57},[47,86174,253],{"class":61},[47,86176,86030],{"class":65},[47,86178,253],{"class":61},[47,86180,107],{"class":83},[47,86182,86183,86186,86188,86190,86192,86194],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,86184,86185],{"class":53},"content ",[47,86187,58],{"class":57},[47,86189,86040],{"class":86039},[47,86191,84],{"class":83},[47,86193,86056],{"class":87},[47,86195,91],{"class":83},[47,86197,86198,86200,86202,86204],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,86199,98],{"class":97},[47,86201,101],{"class":83},[47,86203,86067],{"class":87},[47,86205,107],{"class":83},[47,86207,86208,86210,86212,86215],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,86209,86146],{"class":86039},[47,86211,84],{"class":83},[47,86213,86214],{"class":87},"close",[47,86216,91],{"class":83},[20,86218,86219,86220,86222],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86221,85998],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[33,86224,166],{"id":165},[20,86226,86227],{},"A common form is:",[38,86229,86231],{"className":40,"code":86230,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86232,86233],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86234,86235,86237,86239,86241,86243,86246,86248,86250,86252,86254,86256,86258],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86236,41830],{"class":97},[47,86238,101],{"class":83},[47,86240,86146],{"class":86039},[47,86242,590],{"class":83},[47,86244,86245],{"class":87}," mode",[47,86247,590],{"class":83},[47,86249,86023],{"class":8573},[47,86251,58],{"class":57},[47,86253,253],{"class":61},[47,86255,86030],{"class":65},[47,86257,253],{"class":61},[47,86259,107],{"class":83},[20,86261,64451],{},[133,86263,86264,86269,86274],{},[136,86265,86266,86268],{},[15,86267,86146],{}," is the file name or file path",[136,86270,86271,86273],{},[15,86272,20321],{}," controls how the file is opened",[136,86275,86276,86279],{},[15,86277,86278],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86281,538],{},[38,86283,86285],{"className":40,"code":86284,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86286,86287,86330,86345],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86288,86289,86291,86293,86295,86297,86300,86302,86304,86306,86308,86310,86312,86314,86316,86318,86320,86322,86324,86326,86328],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86290,85998],{"class":655},[47,86292,86001],{"class":97},[47,86294,101],{"class":83},[47,86296,253],{"class":61},[47,86298,86299],{"class":65},"notes.txt",[47,86301,253],{"class":61},[47,86303,590],{"class":83},[47,86305,62],{"class":61},[47,86307,59911],{"class":65},[47,86309,253],{"class":61},[47,86311,590],{"class":83},[47,86313,86023],{"class":8573},[47,86315,58],{"class":57},[47,86317,253],{"class":61},[47,86319,86030],{"class":65},[47,86321,253],{"class":61},[47,86323,3057],{"class":83},[47,86325,46762],{"class":655},[47,86327,86040],{"class":86039},[47,86329,679],{"class":83},[47,86331,86332,86335,86337,86339,86341,86343],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,86333,86334],{"class":53},"    text ",[47,86336,58],{"class":57},[47,86338,86040],{"class":86039},[47,86340,84],{"class":83},[47,86342,86056],{"class":87},[47,86344,91],{"class":83},[47,86346,86347,86349,86351,86353],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,86348,684],{"class":97},[47,86350,101],{"class":83},[47,86352,565],{"class":87},[47,86354,107],{"class":83},[20,86356,19359],{},[133,86358,86359,86365,86370],{},[136,86360,86361,86364],{},[15,86362,86363],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[136,86366,86367,86369],{},[15,86368,86077],{}," means open for reading",[136,86371,86372,86375],{},[15,86373,86374],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[33,86377,86379],{"id":86378},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86381,86382],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[133,86384,86385,86390,86396,86401,86407,86413],{},[136,86386,86387,86389],{},[15,86388,86077],{}," = read a text file",[136,86391,86392,86395],{},[15,86393,86394],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[136,86397,86398,86400],{},[15,86399,17498],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[136,86402,86403,86406],{},[15,86404,86405],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[136,86408,86409,86412],{},[15,86410,86411],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[136,86414,86415,86418],{},[15,86416,86417],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,86420,1520],{},[38,86422,86424],{"className":40,"code":86423,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,86425,86426,86431,86474],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86427,86428],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86429,86430],{"class":113},"# Read a text file\n",[47,86432,86433,86435,86437,86439,86441,86444,86446,86448,86450,86452,86454,86456,86458,86460,86462,86464,86466,86468,86470,86472],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,86434,85998],{"class":655},[47,86436,86001],{"class":97},[47,86438,101],{"class":83},[47,86440,253],{"class":61},[47,86442,86443],{"class":65},"data.txt",[47,86445,253],{"class":61},[47,86447,590],{"class":83},[47,86449,62],{"class":61},[47,86451,59911],{"class":65},[47,86453,253],{"class":61},[47,86455,590],{"class":83},[47,86457,86023],{"class":8573},[47,86459,58],{"class":57},[47,86461,253],{"class":61},[47,86463,86030],{"class":65},[47,86465,253],{"class":61},[47,86467,3057],{"class":83},[47,86469,46762],{"class":655},[47,86471,86040],{"class":86039},[47,86473,679],{"class":83},[47,86475,86476,86478,86480,86482,86484,86486],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,86477,684],{"class":97},[47,86479,101],{"class":83},[47,86481,86146],{"class":86039},[47,86483,84],{"class":83},[47,86485,86056],{"class":87},[47,86487,236],{"class":83},[38,86489,86491],{"className":40,"code":86490,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,86492,86493,86498,86540],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86494,86495],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86496,86497],{"class":113},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[47,86499,86500,86502,86504,86506,86508,86510,86512,86514,86516,86518,86520,86522,86524,86526,86528,86530,86532,86534,86536,86538],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,86501,85998],{"class":655},[47,86503,86001],{"class":97},[47,86505,101],{"class":83},[47,86507,253],{"class":61},[47,86509,86443],{"class":65},[47,86511,253],{"class":61},[47,86513,590],{"class":83},[47,86515,62],{"class":61},[47,86517,59894],{"class":65},[47,86519,253],{"class":61},[47,86521,590],{"class":83},[47,86523,86023],{"class":8573},[47,86525,58],{"class":57},[47,86527,253],{"class":61},[47,86529,86030],{"class":65},[47,86531,253],{"class":61},[47,86533,3057],{"class":83},[47,86535,46762],{"class":655},[47,86537,86040],{"class":86039},[47,86539,679],{"class":83},[47,86541,86542,86545,86547,86549,86551,86553,86555,86558,86560],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,86543,86544],{"class":86039},"    file",[47,86546,84],{"class":83},[47,86548,69601],{"class":87},[47,86550,101],{"class":83},[47,86552,253],{"class":61},[47,86554,34270],{"class":65},[47,86556,86557],{"class":353},"\\n",[47,86559,253],{"class":61},[47,86561,107],{"class":83},[38,86563,86565],{"className":40,"code":86564,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,86566,86567,86572,86614],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86568,86569],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86570,86571],{"class":113},"# Append to a text file\n",[47,86573,86574,86576,86578,86580,86582,86584,86586,86588,86590,86592,86594,86596,86598,86600,86602,86604,86606,86608,86610,86612],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,86575,85998],{"class":655},[47,86577,86001],{"class":97},[47,86579,101],{"class":83},[47,86581,253],{"class":61},[47,86583,86443],{"class":65},[47,86585,253],{"class":61},[47,86587,590],{"class":83},[47,86589,62],{"class":61},[47,86591,154],{"class":65},[47,86593,253],{"class":61},[47,86595,590],{"class":83},[47,86597,86023],{"class":8573},[47,86599,58],{"class":57},[47,86601,253],{"class":61},[47,86603,86030],{"class":65},[47,86605,253],{"class":61},[47,86607,3057],{"class":83},[47,86609,46762],{"class":655},[47,86611,86040],{"class":86039},[47,86613,679],{"class":83},[47,86615,86616,86618,86620,86622,86624,86626,86629,86631,86633],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,86617,86544],{"class":86039},[47,86619,84],{"class":83},[47,86621,69601],{"class":87},[47,86623,101],{"class":83},[47,86625,253],{"class":61},[47,86627,86628],{"class":65},"Another line",[47,86630,86557],{"class":353},[47,86632,253],{"class":61},[47,86634,107],{"class":83},[20,86636,68753,86637,86639],{},[15,86638,86394],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[33,86641,86643],{"id":86642},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,86645,86646,21377,86648,84],{},[15,86647,85979],{},[121,86649,86104],{},[20,86651,86652],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[133,86654,86655,86660,86665],{},[136,86656,86657],{},[15,86658,86659],{},"file.read()",[136,86661,86662],{},[15,86663,86664],{},"file.write()",[136,86666,86667],{},[15,86668,86669],{},"file.close()",[20,86671,86672],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,86674,538],{},[38,86676,86678],{"className":40,"code":86677,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,86679,86680,86722],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86681,86682,86684,86686,86688,86690,86692,86694,86696,86698,86700,86702,86704,86706,86708,86710,86712,86714,86716,86718,86720],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86683,85998],{"class":655},[47,86685,86001],{"class":97},[47,86687,101],{"class":83},[47,86689,253],{"class":61},[47,86691,86008],{"class":65},[47,86693,253],{"class":61},[47,86695,590],{"class":83},[47,86697,62],{"class":61},[47,86699,59911],{"class":65},[47,86701,253],{"class":61},[47,86703,590],{"class":83},[47,86705,86023],{"class":8573},[47,86707,58],{"class":57},[47,86709,253],{"class":61},[47,86711,86030],{"class":65},[47,86713,253],{"class":61},[47,86715,3057],{"class":83},[47,86717,46762],{"class":655},[47,86719,86040],{"class":86039},[47,86721,679],{"class":83},[47,86723,86724,86726,86728,86730,86732,86734],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,86725,684],{"class":97},[47,86727,101],{"class":83},[47,86729,2613],{"class":919},[47,86731,101],{"class":83},[47,86733,86146],{"class":86039},[47,86735,1419],{"class":83},[20,86737,29434],{},[38,86739,86741],{"className":40,"code":86740,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,86742,86743],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86744,86745,86747,86749,86751,86754,86756],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86746,2682],{"class":57},[47,86748,2685],{"class":1458},[47,86750,2688],{"class":61},[47,86752,86753],{"class":65},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[47,86755,2693],{"class":61},[47,86757,2696],{"class":57},[20,86759,86760,86761,86763],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,86762,85979],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[33,86765,86767],{"id":86766},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,86769,86770],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[38,86772,86773],{"className":40,"code":85991,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,86774,86775,86817,86831],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86776,86777,86779,86781,86783,86785,86787,86789,86791,86793,86795,86797,86799,86801,86803,86805,86807,86809,86811,86813,86815],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86778,85998],{"class":655},[47,86780,86001],{"class":97},[47,86782,101],{"class":83},[47,86784,253],{"class":61},[47,86786,86008],{"class":65},[47,86788,253],{"class":61},[47,86790,590],{"class":83},[47,86792,62],{"class":61},[47,86794,59911],{"class":65},[47,86796,253],{"class":61},[47,86798,590],{"class":83},[47,86800,86023],{"class":8573},[47,86802,58],{"class":57},[47,86804,253],{"class":61},[47,86806,86030],{"class":65},[47,86808,253],{"class":61},[47,86810,3057],{"class":83},[47,86812,46762],{"class":655},[47,86814,86040],{"class":86039},[47,86816,679],{"class":83},[47,86818,86819,86821,86823,86825,86827,86829],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,86820,86047],{"class":53},[47,86822,58],{"class":57},[47,86824,86040],{"class":86039},[47,86826,84],{"class":83},[47,86828,86056],{"class":87},[47,86830,91],{"class":83},[47,86832,86833,86835,86837,86839],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,86834,684],{"class":97},[47,86836,101],{"class":83},[47,86838,86067],{"class":87},[47,86840,107],{"class":83},[20,86842,86843],{},"Why this is recommended:",[133,86845,86846,86851,86857,86860],{},[136,86847,86848,86850],{},[15,86849,85998],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[136,86852,86853,86854,86856],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,86855,86134],{}," yourself",[136,86858,86859],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[136,86861,86862],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,86864,83157,86865,86867],{},[15,86866,85998],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[38,86869,86870],{"className":40,"code":86139,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,86871,86872,86910,86924,86934],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86873,86874,86876,86878,86880,86882,86884,86886,86888,86890,86892,86894,86896,86898,86900,86902,86904,86906,86908],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86875,86146],{"class":86039},[47,86877,12677],{"class":57},[47,86879,86001],{"class":97},[47,86881,101],{"class":83},[47,86883,253],{"class":61},[47,86885,86008],{"class":65},[47,86887,253],{"class":61},[47,86889,590],{"class":83},[47,86891,62],{"class":61},[47,86893,59911],{"class":65},[47,86895,253],{"class":61},[47,86897,590],{"class":83},[47,86899,86023],{"class":8573},[47,86901,58],{"class":57},[47,86903,253],{"class":61},[47,86905,86030],{"class":65},[47,86907,253],{"class":61},[47,86909,107],{"class":83},[47,86911,86912,86914,86916,86918,86920,86922],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,86913,86185],{"class":53},[47,86915,58],{"class":57},[47,86917,86040],{"class":86039},[47,86919,84],{"class":83},[47,86921,86056],{"class":87},[47,86923,91],{"class":83},[47,86925,86926,86928,86930,86932],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,86927,98],{"class":97},[47,86929,101],{"class":83},[47,86931,86067],{"class":87},[47,86933,107],{"class":83},[47,86935,86936,86938,86940,86942],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,86937,86146],{"class":86039},[47,86939,84],{"class":83},[47,86941,86214],{"class":87},[47,86943,91],{"class":83},[20,86945,86946],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[33,86948,86950],{"id":86949},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,86952,86953,86954,86956],{},"Use mode ",[15,86955,86077],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[724,86958,86960],{"id":86959},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,86962,86963,86965],{},[15,86964,86114],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[38,86967,86968],{"className":40,"code":85991,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,86969,86970,87012,87026],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86971,86972,86974,86976,86978,86980,86982,86984,86986,86988,86990,86992,86994,86996,86998,87000,87002,87004,87006,87008,87010],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86973,85998],{"class":655},[47,86975,86001],{"class":97},[47,86977,101],{"class":83},[47,86979,253],{"class":61},[47,86981,86008],{"class":65},[47,86983,253],{"class":61},[47,86985,590],{"class":83},[47,86987,62],{"class":61},[47,86989,59911],{"class":65},[47,86991,253],{"class":61},[47,86993,590],{"class":83},[47,86995,86023],{"class":8573},[47,86997,58],{"class":57},[47,86999,253],{"class":61},[47,87001,86030],{"class":65},[47,87003,253],{"class":61},[47,87005,3057],{"class":83},[47,87007,46762],{"class":655},[47,87009,86040],{"class":86039},[47,87011,679],{"class":83},[47,87013,87014,87016,87018,87020,87022,87024],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,87015,86047],{"class":53},[47,87017,58],{"class":57},[47,87019,86040],{"class":86039},[47,87021,84],{"class":83},[47,87023,86056],{"class":87},[47,87025,91],{"class":83},[47,87027,87028,87030,87032,87034],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,87029,684],{"class":97},[47,87031,101],{"class":83},[47,87033,86067],{"class":87},[47,87035,107],{"class":83},[724,87037,87039],{"id":87038},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87041,87042,87044],{},[15,87043,86119],{}," reads one line at a time.",[38,87046,87048],{"className":40,"code":87047,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87049,87050,87092,87108],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87051,87052,87054,87056,87058,87060,87062,87064,87066,87068,87070,87072,87074,87076,87078,87080,87082,87084,87086,87088,87090],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87053,85998],{"class":655},[47,87055,86001],{"class":97},[47,87057,101],{"class":83},[47,87059,253],{"class":61},[47,87061,86008],{"class":65},[47,87063,253],{"class":61},[47,87065,590],{"class":83},[47,87067,62],{"class":61},[47,87069,59911],{"class":65},[47,87071,253],{"class":61},[47,87073,590],{"class":83},[47,87075,86023],{"class":8573},[47,87077,58],{"class":57},[47,87079,253],{"class":61},[47,87081,86030],{"class":65},[47,87083,253],{"class":61},[47,87085,3057],{"class":83},[47,87087,46762],{"class":655},[47,87089,86040],{"class":86039},[47,87091,679],{"class":83},[47,87093,87094,87097,87099,87101,87103,87106],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,87095,87096],{"class":53},"    first_line ",[47,87098,58],{"class":57},[47,87100,86040],{"class":86039},[47,87102,84],{"class":83},[47,87104,87105],{"class":87},"readline",[47,87107,91],{"class":83},[47,87109,87110,87112,87114,87117],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,87111,684],{"class":97},[47,87113,101],{"class":83},[47,87115,87116],{"class":87},"first_line",[47,87118,107],{"class":83},[724,87120,87122],{"id":87121},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87124,87125],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[38,87127,87129],{"className":40,"code":87128,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87130,87131,87173,87187],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87132,87133,87135,87137,87139,87141,87143,87145,87147,87149,87151,87153,87155,87157,87159,87161,87163,87165,87167,87169,87171],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87134,85998],{"class":655},[47,87136,86001],{"class":97},[47,87138,101],{"class":83},[47,87140,253],{"class":61},[47,87142,86008],{"class":65},[47,87144,253],{"class":61},[47,87146,590],{"class":83},[47,87148,62],{"class":61},[47,87150,59911],{"class":65},[47,87152,253],{"class":61},[47,87154,590],{"class":83},[47,87156,86023],{"class":8573},[47,87158,58],{"class":57},[47,87160,253],{"class":61},[47,87162,86030],{"class":65},[47,87164,253],{"class":61},[47,87166,3057],{"class":83},[47,87168,46762],{"class":655},[47,87170,86040],{"class":86039},[47,87172,679],{"class":83},[47,87174,87175,87178,87181,87183,87185],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,87176,87177],{"class":655},"    for",[47,87179,87180],{"class":53}," line ",[47,87182,3278],{"class":655},[47,87184,86040],{"class":86039},[47,87186,679],{"class":83},[47,87188,87189,87191,87193,87195,87197,87199],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,87190,46742],{"class":97},[47,87192,101],{"class":83},[47,87194,49],{"class":87},[47,87196,84],{"class":83},[47,87198,1105],{"class":87},[47,87200,236],{"class":83},[20,87202,87203,87204,158,87208,84],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[154,87205,87207],{"href":87206},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[154,87209,87211],{"href":87210},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[33,87213,87215],{"id":87214},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87217,1486,87218,87220],{},[15,87219,86394],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[38,87222,87224],{"className":40,"code":87223,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87225,87226,87269,87290],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87227,87228,87230,87232,87234,87236,87239,87241,87243,87245,87247,87249,87251,87253,87255,87257,87259,87261,87263,87265,87267],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87229,85998],{"class":655},[47,87231,86001],{"class":97},[47,87233,101],{"class":83},[47,87235,253],{"class":61},[47,87237,87238],{"class":65},"output.txt",[47,87240,253],{"class":61},[47,87242,590],{"class":83},[47,87244,62],{"class":61},[47,87246,59894],{"class":65},[47,87248,253],{"class":61},[47,87250,590],{"class":83},[47,87252,86023],{"class":8573},[47,87254,58],{"class":57},[47,87256,253],{"class":61},[47,87258,86030],{"class":65},[47,87260,253],{"class":61},[47,87262,3057],{"class":83},[47,87264,46762],{"class":655},[47,87266,86040],{"class":86039},[47,87268,679],{"class":83},[47,87270,87271,87273,87275,87277,87279,87281,87284,87286,87288],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,87272,86544],{"class":86039},[47,87274,84],{"class":83},[47,87276,69601],{"class":87},[47,87278,101],{"class":83},[47,87280,253],{"class":61},[47,87282,87283],{"class":65},"First line",[47,87285,86557],{"class":353},[47,87287,253],{"class":61},[47,87289,107],{"class":83},[47,87291,87292,87294,87296,87298,87300,87302,87305,87307,87309],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,87293,86544],{"class":86039},[47,87295,84],{"class":83},[47,87297,69601],{"class":87},[47,87299,101],{"class":83},[47,87301,253],{"class":61},[47,87303,87304],{"class":65},"Second line",[47,87306,86557],{"class":353},[47,87308,253],{"class":61},[47,87310,107],{"class":83},[20,87312,1486,87313,87315],{},[15,87314,17498],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[38,87317,87319],{"className":40,"code":87318,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87320,87321,87363],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87322,87323,87325,87327,87329,87331,87333,87335,87337,87339,87341,87343,87345,87347,87349,87351,87353,87355,87357,87359,87361],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87324,85998],{"class":655},[47,87326,86001],{"class":97},[47,87328,101],{"class":83},[47,87330,253],{"class":61},[47,87332,87238],{"class":65},[47,87334,253],{"class":61},[47,87336,590],{"class":83},[47,87338,62],{"class":61},[47,87340,154],{"class":65},[47,87342,253],{"class":61},[47,87344,590],{"class":83},[47,87346,86023],{"class":8573},[47,87348,58],{"class":57},[47,87350,253],{"class":61},[47,87352,86030],{"class":65},[47,87354,253],{"class":61},[47,87356,3057],{"class":83},[47,87358,46762],{"class":655},[47,87360,86040],{"class":86039},[47,87362,679],{"class":83},[47,87364,87365,87367,87369,87371,87373,87375,87378,87380,87382],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,87366,86544],{"class":86039},[47,87368,84],{"class":83},[47,87370,69601],{"class":87},[47,87372,101],{"class":83},[47,87374,253],{"class":61},[47,87376,87377],{"class":65},"Third line",[47,87379,86557],{"class":353},[47,87381,253],{"class":61},[47,87383,107],{"class":83},[20,87385,87386],{},"Important detail:",[133,87388,87389,87394,87401],{},[136,87390,87391,87393],{},[15,87392,86129],{}," writes a string",[136,87395,87396,13455,87398,87400],{},[15,87397,86129],{},[121,87399,123],{}," add a newline for you",[136,87402,87403,87404,86856],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,87405,86557],{},[20,87407,87408,87409,158,87413,84],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[154,87410,87412],{"href":87411},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[154,87414,87416],{"href":87415},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[33,87418,87420],{"id":87419},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,87422,87423],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[724,87425,87427],{"id":87426},"encodingutf-8",[15,87428,86374],{},[20,87430,87431],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[38,87433,87435],{"className":40,"code":87434,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87436,87437,87480],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87438,87439,87441,87443,87445,87447,87450,87452,87454,87456,87458,87460,87462,87464,87466,87468,87470,87472,87474,87476,87478],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87440,85998],{"class":655},[47,87442,86001],{"class":97},[47,87444,101],{"class":83},[47,87446,253],{"class":61},[47,87448,87449],{"class":65},"message.txt",[47,87451,253],{"class":61},[47,87453,590],{"class":83},[47,87455,62],{"class":61},[47,87457,59911],{"class":65},[47,87459,253],{"class":61},[47,87461,590],{"class":83},[47,87463,86023],{"class":8573},[47,87465,58],{"class":57},[47,87467,253],{"class":61},[47,87469,86030],{"class":65},[47,87471,253],{"class":61},[47,87473,3057],{"class":83},[47,87475,46762],{"class":655},[47,87477,86040],{"class":86039},[47,87479,679],{"class":83},[47,87481,87482,87484,87486,87488,87490,87492],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,87483,684],{"class":97},[47,87485,101],{"class":83},[47,87487,86146],{"class":86039},[47,87489,84],{"class":83},[47,87491,86056],{"class":87},[47,87493,236],{"class":83},[20,87495,87496],{},"Why it matters:",[133,87498,87499,87502,87505],{},[136,87500,87501],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[136,87503,87504],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[136,87506,87507],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[724,87509,87511],{"id":87510},"newline",[15,87512,87510],{},[20,87514,87515],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,87517,87518],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[724,87520,87522],{"id":87521},"buffering",[15,87523,87521],{},[20,87525,87526],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,87528,87529],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[33,87531,87533],{"id":87532},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,87535,87536],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[724,87538,87540],{"id":87539},"filenotfounderror",[15,87541,87542],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,87544,87545],{},"This happens when:",[133,87547,87548,87551,87554],{},[136,87549,87550],{},"the file does not exist",[136,87552,87553],{},"the path is wrong",[136,87555,87556],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,87558,538],{},[38,87560,87562],{"className":40,"code":87561,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87563,87564,87607],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87565,87566,87568,87570,87572,87574,87577,87579,87581,87583,87585,87587,87589,87591,87593,87595,87597,87599,87601,87603,87605],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87567,85998],{"class":655},[47,87569,86001],{"class":97},[47,87571,101],{"class":83},[47,87573,253],{"class":61},[47,87575,87576],{"class":65},"missing.txt",[47,87578,253],{"class":61},[47,87580,590],{"class":83},[47,87582,62],{"class":61},[47,87584,59911],{"class":65},[47,87586,253],{"class":61},[47,87588,590],{"class":83},[47,87590,86023],{"class":8573},[47,87592,58],{"class":57},[47,87594,253],{"class":61},[47,87596,86030],{"class":65},[47,87598,253],{"class":61},[47,87600,3057],{"class":83},[47,87602,46762],{"class":655},[47,87604,86040],{"class":86039},[47,87606,679],{"class":83},[47,87608,87609,87611,87613,87615,87617,87619],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,87610,684],{"class":97},[47,87612,101],{"class":83},[47,87614,86146],{"class":86039},[47,87616,84],{"class":83},[47,87618,86056],{"class":87},[47,87620,236],{"class":83},[20,87622,87623,87624,1063,87632,84],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[154,87625,87627,87628,87631],{"href":87626},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[47,87629,87630],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[154,87633,87635],{"href":87634},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[724,87637,87639],{"id":87638},"permissionerror",[15,87640,87641],{},"PermissionError",[20,87643,87644],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,87646,87647],{},"Example causes:",[133,87649,87650,87653,87656],{},[136,87651,87652],{},"the file is protected",[136,87654,87655],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[136,87657,87658],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,87660,87661,87662],{},"Related page: ",[154,87663,87665,87666,87669],{"href":87664},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[47,87667,87668],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[724,87671,87673],{"id":87672},"isadirectoryerror",[15,87674,87675],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,87677,87678],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,87680,538],{},[38,87682,87684],{"className":40,"code":87683,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87685,87686,87729],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87687,87688,87690,87692,87694,87696,87699,87701,87703,87705,87707,87709,87711,87713,87715,87717,87719,87721,87723,87725,87727],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87689,85998],{"class":655},[47,87691,86001],{"class":97},[47,87693,101],{"class":83},[47,87695,253],{"class":61},[47,87697,87698],{"class":65},"my_folder",[47,87700,253],{"class":61},[47,87702,590],{"class":83},[47,87704,62],{"class":61},[47,87706,59911],{"class":65},[47,87708,253],{"class":61},[47,87710,590],{"class":83},[47,87712,86023],{"class":8573},[47,87714,58],{"class":57},[47,87716,253],{"class":61},[47,87718,86030],{"class":65},[47,87720,253],{"class":61},[47,87722,3057],{"class":83},[47,87724,46762],{"class":655},[47,87726,86040],{"class":86039},[47,87728,679],{"class":83},[47,87730,87731,87733,87735,87737,87739,87741],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,87732,684],{"class":97},[47,87734,101],{"class":83},[47,87736,86146],{"class":86039},[47,87738,84],{"class":83},[47,87740,86056],{"class":87},[47,87742,236],{"class":83},[20,87744,87661,87745],{},[154,87746,87748,87749,87752],{"href":87747},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[47,87750,87751],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[724,87754,87756],{"id":87755},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,87757,87758],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,87760,87761,87762,84],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,87763,85979],{},[20,87765,87661,87766],{},[154,87767,87769],{"href":87768},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[33,87771,87773],{"id":87772},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,87775,87776,87777,87779],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,87778,85979],{}," function.",[20,87781,87782],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[133,87784,87785,87788,87791,87797],{},[136,87786,87787],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[136,87789,87790],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[136,87792,87793,87794,87796],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,87795,85979],{}," itself",[136,87798,87799,87800],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[154,87801,87803],{"href":87802},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[33,87805,722],{"id":721},[20,87807,87808,87809,1032],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,87810,85979],{},[133,87812,87813,87818,87824,87829,87832,87835],{},[136,87814,7816,87815,87817],{},[15,87816,86077],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[136,87819,87820,87821,87823],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,87822,86278],{}," for text files",[136,87825,7816,87826,87828],{},[15,87827,86394],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[136,87830,87831],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[136,87833,87834],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[136,87836,87837],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,87839,87840],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[38,87842,87844],{"className":40,"code":87843,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,87845,87846,87853],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87847,87848,87850],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87849,34494],{"class":655},[47,87851,87852],{"class":53}," os\n",[47,87854,87855,87857,87859,87861,87863,87866],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,87856,98],{"class":97},[47,87858,101],{"class":83},[47,87860,42029],{"class":87},[47,87862,84],{"class":83},[47,87864,87865],{"class":87},"getcwd",[47,87867,236],{"class":83},[20,87869,87870],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[38,87872,87874],{"className":40,"code":87873,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,87875,87876,87882],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87877,87878,87880],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87879,34494],{"class":655},[47,87881,87852],{"class":53},[47,87883,87884,87886,87888,87890,87892,87895,87897,87900,87902,87904,87906,87908],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,87885,98],{"class":97},[47,87887,101],{"class":83},[47,87889,42029],{"class":87},[47,87891,84],{"class":83},[47,87893,87894],{"class":24153},"path",[47,87896,84],{"class":83},[47,87898,87899],{"class":87},"exists",[47,87901,101],{"class":83},[47,87903,253],{"class":61},[47,87905,86008],{"class":65},[47,87907,253],{"class":61},[47,87909,1419],{"class":83},[20,87911,87912],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[38,87914,87916],{"className":40,"code":87915,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,87917,87918,87924],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87919,87920,87922],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87921,34494],{"class":655},[47,87923,87852],{"class":53},[47,87925,87926,87928,87930,87932,87934,87936,87938,87941,87943,87945,87947,87949],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,87927,98],{"class":97},[47,87929,101],{"class":83},[47,87931,42029],{"class":87},[47,87933,84],{"class":83},[47,87935,87894],{"class":24153},[47,87937,84],{"class":83},[47,87939,87940],{"class":87},"isfile",[47,87942,101],{"class":83},[47,87944,253],{"class":61},[47,87946,86008],{"class":65},[47,87948,253],{"class":61},[47,87950,1419],{"class":83},[20,87952,87953],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[38,87955,87957],{"className":40,"code":87956,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87958,87959,88001],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87960,87961,87963,87965,87967,87969,87971,87973,87975,87977,87979,87981,87983,87985,87987,87989,87991,87993,87995,87997,87999],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87962,85998],{"class":655},[47,87964,86001],{"class":97},[47,87966,101],{"class":83},[47,87968,253],{"class":61},[47,87970,86008],{"class":65},[47,87972,253],{"class":61},[47,87974,590],{"class":83},[47,87976,62],{"class":61},[47,87978,59911],{"class":65},[47,87980,253],{"class":61},[47,87982,590],{"class":83},[47,87984,86023],{"class":8573},[47,87986,58],{"class":57},[47,87988,253],{"class":61},[47,87990,86030],{"class":65},[47,87992,253],{"class":61},[47,87994,3057],{"class":83},[47,87996,46762],{"class":655},[47,87998,86040],{"class":86039},[47,88000,679],{"class":83},[47,88002,88003,88005,88007,88009,88011,88013],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,88004,684],{"class":97},[47,88006,101],{"class":83},[47,88008,86146],{"class":86039},[47,88010,84],{"class":83},[47,88012,86056],{"class":87},[47,88014,236],{"class":83},[20,88016,88017],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[33,88019,1155],{"id":1154},[724,88021,88023],{"id":88022},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88025,88026],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[724,88028,88030],{"id":88029},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88032,88033,88034,88036],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88035,85998],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[724,88038,4578,88040,1063,88042,88044],{"id":88039},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88041,86394],{},[15,88043,17498],{}," mode?",[20,88046,88047,88049,88050,88052],{},[15,88048,86394],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88051,17498],{}," adds new content to the end.",[724,88054,88056],{"id":88055},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88058,88059],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[724,88061,88063],{"id":88062},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88065,88066,88067,88069],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88068,86374],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[33,88071,1275],{"id":1274},[133,88073,88074,88078,88082,88086,88090,88094,88098,88104],{},[136,88075,88076],{},[154,88077,87207],{"href":87206},[136,88079,88080],{},[154,88081,87412],{"href":87411},[136,88083,88084],{},[154,88085,87416],{"href":87415},[136,88087,88088],{},[154,88089,87211],{"href":87210},[136,88091,88092],{},[154,88093,87803],{"href":87802},[136,88095,88096],{},[154,88097,87635],{"href":87634},[136,88099,88100],{},[154,88101,87627,88102,87631],{"href":87626},[47,88103,87630],{},[136,88105,88106],{},[154,88107,87665,88108,87669],{"href":87664},[47,88109,87668],{},[1320,88111,88112],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":88114},[88115,88116,88117,88118,88119,88120,88121,88126,88127,88132,88138,88139,88140,88148],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":86081,"depth":72,"text":86082},{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":86378,"depth":72,"text":86379},{"id":86642,"depth":72,"text":86643},{"id":86766,"depth":72,"text":86767},{"id":86949,"depth":72,"text":86950,"children":88122},[88123,88124,88125],{"id":86959,"depth":94,"text":86960},{"id":87038,"depth":94,"text":87039},{"id":87121,"depth":94,"text":87122},{"id":87214,"depth":72,"text":87215},{"id":87419,"depth":72,"text":87420,"children":88128},[88129,88130,88131],{"id":87426,"depth":94,"text":86374},{"id":87510,"depth":94,"text":87510},{"id":87521,"depth":94,"text":87521},{"id":87532,"depth":72,"text":87533,"children":88133},[88134,88135,88136,88137],{"id":87539,"depth":94,"text":87542},{"id":87638,"depth":94,"text":87641},{"id":87672,"depth":94,"text":87675},{"id":87755,"depth":94,"text":87758},{"id":87772,"depth":72,"text":87773},{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":88141},[88142,88143,88144,88146,88147],{"id":88022,"depth":94,"text":88023},{"id":88029,"depth":94,"text":88030},{"id":88039,"depth":94,"text":88145},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88055,"depth":94,"text":88056},{"id":88062,"depth":94,"text":88063},{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":85969,"description":88149},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88156,"title":88157,"body":88158,"description":90151,"extension":1354,"meta":90152,"navigation":311,"path":90153,"seo":90154,"stem":90155,"__hash__":90156},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88159,"toc":90098},[88160,88165,88170,88176,88178,88246,88248,88267,88272,88277,88282,88285,88297,88299,88342,88344,88362,88373,88375,88377,88402,88404,88415,88417,88477,88479,88505,88508,88512,88517,88521,88524,88558,88562,88565,88590,88594,88617,88621,88654,88659,88663,88668,88671,88739,88741,88765,88770,88773,88804,88806,88838,88855,88859,88864,88888,88895,88900,88905,88908,88912,88947,88949,88958,88962,89053,89055,89086,89091,89097,89102,89111,89114,89148,89150,89164,89168,89209,89211,89220,89224,89272,89274,89288,89293,89304,89311,89317,89319,89354,89356,89370,89373,89395,89401,89430,89441,89447,89453,89467,89469,89548,89550,89600,89607,89609,89614,89618,89621,89636,89641,89643,89662,89668,89671,89686,89688,89706,89712,89717,89747,89750,89773,89776,89803,89810,89816,89824,89847,89852,89860,89862,89882,89886,89892,89942,89945,89967,89969,89975,89983,89989,89995,90003,90008,90012,90015,90038,90043,90050,90062,90064,90095],[10,88161,2968,88163,2972],{"id":88162},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88164,45856],{},[20,88166,31723,88167,88169],{},[15,88168,45856],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88171,88172,88173,88175],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88174,45856],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[33,88177,36],{"id":35},[38,88179,88181],{"className":40,"code":88180,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88182,88183,88195,88204,88208,88218,88228],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88184,88185,88187,88189,88191,88193],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88186,212],{"class":53},[47,88188,58],{"class":57},[47,88190,62],{"class":61},[47,88192,7320],{"class":65},[47,88194,69],{"class":61},[47,88196,88197,88199,88201],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,88198,21030],{"class":53},[47,88200,58],{"class":57},[47,88202,88203],{"class":586}," 12\n",[47,88205,88206],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,88207,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,88209,88210,88212,88214,88216],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,88211,98],{"class":97},[47,88213,101],{"class":83},[47,88215,229],{"class":87},[47,88217,107],{"class":83},[47,88219,88220,88222,88224,88226],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,88221,98],{"class":97},[47,88223,101],{"class":83},[47,88225,8697],{"class":87},[47,88227,107],{"class":83},[47,88229,88230,88232,88234,88236,88238,88240,88242,88244],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,88231,98],{"class":97},[47,88233,101],{"class":83},[47,88235,253],{"class":61},[47,88237,34270],{"class":65},[47,88239,253],{"class":61},[47,88241,590],{"class":83},[47,88243,478],{"class":87},[47,88245,107],{"class":83},[20,88247,338],{},[38,88249,88251],{"className":40,"code":88250,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88252,88253,88258,88262],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88254,88255],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88256,88257],{"class":53},"Mia\n",[47,88259,88260],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,88261,1615],{"class":586},[47,88263,88264],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,88265,88266],{"class":53},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88268,1486,88269,88271],{},[15,88270,45856],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[33,88273,128,88275,131],{"id":88274},"what-print-does",[15,88276,45856],{},[20,88278,88279,88281],{},[15,88280,45856],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88283,88284],{},"You can use it to display:",[133,88286,88287,88289,88291,88294],{},[136,88288,565],{},[136,88290,3044],{},[136,88292,88293],{},"variables",[136,88295,88296],{},"expressions",[20,88298,538],{},[38,88300,88302],{"className":40,"code":88301,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88303,88304,88318,88328],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88305,88306,88308,88310,88312,88314,88316],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88307,98],{"class":97},[47,88309,101],{"class":83},[47,88311,253],{"class":61},[47,88313,34270],{"class":65},[47,88315,253],{"class":61},[47,88317,107],{"class":83},[47,88319,88320,88322,88324,88326],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,88321,98],{"class":97},[47,88323,101],{"class":83},[47,88325,1531],{"class":586},[47,88327,107],{"class":83},[47,88329,88330,88332,88334,88336,88338,88340],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,88331,98],{"class":97},[47,88333,101],{"class":83},[47,88335,1449],{"class":586},[47,88337,1844],{"class":57},[47,88339,1841],{"class":586},[47,88341,107],{"class":83},[20,88343,338],{},[38,88345,88347],{"className":40,"code":88346,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88348,88349,88354,88358],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88350,88351],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88352,88353],{"class":53},"Hello\n",[47,88355,88356],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,88357,2335],{"class":586},[47,88359,88360],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,88361,2335],{"class":586},[20,88363,88364,88365,88367,88368,88372],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88366,45856],{}," ",[121,88369,3087,88370],{},[15,88371,3174],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[33,88374,166],{"id":165},[20,88376,30130],{},[38,88378,88380],{"className":40,"code":88379,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88381,88382],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88383,88384,88386,88388,88391,88393,88396,88398,88400],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88385,98],{"class":97},[47,88387,101],{"class":83},[47,88389,88390],{"class":87},"object1",[47,88392,590],{"class":83},[47,88394,88395],{"class":87}," object2",[47,88397,590],{"class":83},[47,88399,33859],{"class":97},[47,88401,107],{"class":83},[20,88403,79608],{},[133,88405,88406,88409,88412],{},[136,88407,88408],{},"one value",[136,88410,88411],{},"many values",[136,88413,88414],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,88416,538],{},[38,88418,88420],{"className":40,"code":88419,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,88421,88422,88436,88455],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88423,88424,88426,88428,88430,88432,88434],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88425,98],{"class":97},[47,88427,101],{"class":83},[47,88429,253],{"class":61},[47,88431,57174],{"class":65},[47,88433,253],{"class":61},[47,88435,107],{"class":83},[47,88437,88438,88440,88442,88444,88447,88449,88451,88453],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,88439,98],{"class":97},[47,88441,101],{"class":83},[47,88443,253],{"class":61},[47,88445,88446],{"class":65},"Score:",[47,88448,253],{"class":61},[47,88450,590],{"class":83},[47,88452,5405],{"class":586},[47,88454,107],{"class":83},[47,88456,88457,88459,88461,88463,88465,88467,88469,88471,88473,88475],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,88458,98],{"class":97},[47,88460,101],{"class":83},[47,88462,253],{"class":61},[47,88464,44967],{"class":65},[47,88466,253],{"class":61},[47,88468,590],{"class":83},[47,88470,1847],{"class":586},[47,88472,1844],{"class":57},[47,88474,37048],{"class":586},[47,88476,107],{"class":83},[20,88478,338],{},[38,88480,88482],{"className":40,"code":88481,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,88483,88484,88488,88497],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88485,88486],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88487,84760],{"class":53},[47,88489,88490,88493,88495],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,88491,88492],{"class":53},"Score",[47,88494,1032],{"class":83},[47,88496,1976],{"class":586},[47,88498,88499,88501,88503],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,88500,45007],{"class":53},[47,88502,1032],{"class":83},[47,88504,1976],{"class":586},[20,88506,88507],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[33,88509,88511],{"id":88510},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,88513,88514,88515,84],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,88516,45856],{},[724,88518,88520],{"id":88519},"print-text","Print text",[20,88522,88523],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[38,88525,88527],{"className":40,"code":88526,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,88528,88529,88543],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88530,88531,88533,88535,88537,88539,88541],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88532,98],{"class":97},[47,88534,101],{"class":83},[47,88536,253],{"class":61},[47,88538,34270],{"class":65},[47,88540,253],{"class":61},[47,88542,107],{"class":83},[47,88544,88545,88547,88549,88551,88554,88556],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,88546,98],{"class":97},[47,88548,101],{"class":83},[47,88550,253],{"class":61},[47,88552,88553],{"class":65},"Python is fun",[47,88555,253],{"class":61},[47,88557,107],{"class":83},[724,88559,88561],{"id":88560},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,88563,88564],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[38,88566,88568],{"className":40,"code":88567,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,88569,88570,88580],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88571,88572,88574,88576,88578],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88573,98],{"class":97},[47,88575,101],{"class":83},[47,88577,1531],{"class":586},[47,88579,107],{"class":83},[47,88581,88582,88584,88586,88588],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,88583,98],{"class":97},[47,88585,101],{"class":83},[47,88587,39546],{"class":586},[47,88589,107],{"class":83},[724,88591,88593],{"id":88592},"print-variables","Print variables",[38,88595,88597],{"className":40,"code":88596,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,88598,88599,88607],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88600,88601,88603,88605],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88602,4493],{"class":53},[47,88604,58],{"class":57},[47,88606,13532],{"class":586},[47,88608,88609,88611,88613,88615],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,88610,98],{"class":97},[47,88612,101],{"class":83},[47,88614,84924],{"class":87},[47,88616,107],{"class":83},[724,88618,88620],{"id":88619},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[38,88622,88624],{"className":40,"code":88623,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,88625,88626,88640],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88627,88628,88630,88632,88634,88636,88638],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88629,98],{"class":97},[47,88631,101],{"class":83},[47,88633,1449],{"class":586},[47,88635,1844],{"class":57},[47,88637,1841],{"class":586},[47,88639,107],{"class":83},[47,88641,88642,88644,88646,88648,88650,88652],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,88643,98],{"class":97},[47,88645,101],{"class":83},[47,88647,1719],{"class":586},[47,88649,82237],{"class":57},[47,88651,1847],{"class":586},[47,88653,107],{"class":83},[20,88655,88656,88657,84],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[154,88658,50380],{"href":161},[33,88660,88662],{"id":88661},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,88664,88665,88667],{},[15,88666,45856],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,88669,88670],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[38,88672,88674],{"className":40,"code":88673,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,88675,88676,88689,88697,88701,88720],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88677,88678,88680,88682,88684,88687],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88679,212],{"class":53},[47,88681,58],{"class":57},[47,88683,62],{"class":61},[47,88685,88686],{"class":65},"Ava",[47,88688,69],{"class":61},[47,88690,88691,88693,88695],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,88692,21030],{"class":53},[47,88694,58],{"class":57},[47,88696,1976],{"class":586},[47,88698,88699],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,88700,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,88702,88703,88705,88707,88709,88712,88714,88716,88718],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,88704,98],{"class":97},[47,88706,101],{"class":83},[47,88708,253],{"class":61},[47,88710,88711],{"class":65},"Name:",[47,88713,253],{"class":61},[47,88715,590],{"class":83},[47,88717,478],{"class":87},[47,88719,107],{"class":83},[47,88721,88722,88724,88726,88728,88731,88733,88735,88737],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,88723,98],{"class":97},[47,88725,101],{"class":83},[47,88727,253],{"class":61},[47,88729,88730],{"class":65},"Age:",[47,88732,253],{"class":61},[47,88734,590],{"class":83},[47,88736,8586],{"class":87},[47,88738,107],{"class":83},[20,88740,338],{},[38,88742,88744],{"className":40,"code":88743,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,88745,88746,88756],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88747,88748,88751,88753],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88749,88750],{"class":53},"Name",[47,88752,1032],{"class":83},[47,88754,88755],{"class":53}," Ava\n",[47,88757,88758,88761,88763],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,88759,88760],{"class":53},"Age",[47,88762,1032],{"class":83},[47,88764,1976],{"class":586},[20,88766,88767,88768,84],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,88769,1452],{},[20,88771,88772],{},"For example, this works:",[38,88774,88776],{"className":40,"code":88775,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,88777,88778,88786],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88779,88780,88782,88784],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88781,21030],{"class":53},[47,88783,58],{"class":57},[47,88785,1976],{"class":586},[47,88787,88788,88790,88792,88794,88796,88798,88800,88802],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,88789,98],{"class":97},[47,88791,101],{"class":83},[47,88793,253],{"class":61},[47,88795,88730],{"class":65},[47,88797,253],{"class":61},[47,88799,590],{"class":83},[47,88801,8586],{"class":87},[47,88803,107],{"class":83},[20,88805,36331],{},[38,88807,88809],{"className":40,"code":88808,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,88810,88811,88819],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88812,88813,88815,88817],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88814,21030],{"class":53},[47,88816,58],{"class":57},[47,88818,1976],{"class":586},[47,88820,88821,88823,88825,88827,88830,88832,88834,88836],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,88822,98],{"class":97},[47,88824,101],{"class":83},[47,88826,253],{"class":61},[47,88828,88829],{"class":65},"Age: ",[47,88831,253],{"class":61},[47,88833,1844],{"class":57},[47,88835,8586],{"class":87},[47,88837,107],{"class":83},[20,88839,88840,88841,88844,88845,88847,88848,88850,88851,84],{},"That fails because ",[15,88842,88843],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,88846,8697],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,88849,1452],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[154,88852,88853],{"href":41578},[15,88854,47088],{},[33,88856,88858],{"id":88857},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,88860,88861,88863],{},[15,88862,45856],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[133,88865,88866,88872,88877,88882],{},[136,88867,88868,88871],{},[15,88869,88870],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[136,88873,88874,88876],{},[15,88875,52065],{}," controls what is added after the output",[136,88878,88879,88881],{},[15,88880,86146],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[136,88883,88884,88887],{},[15,88885,88886],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,88889,88890,88891,1063,88893,84],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,88892,88870],{},[15,88894,52065],{},[33,88896,88898,36020],{"id":88897},"sep-argument",[15,88899,88870],{},[20,88901,1371,88902,88904],{},[15,88903,88870],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,88906,88907],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[724,88909,88911],{"id":88910},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[38,88913,88915],{"className":40,"code":88914,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,88916,88917],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88918,88919,88921,88923,88925,88927,88929,88931,88933,88935,88937,88939,88941,88943,88945],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88920,98],{"class":97},[47,88922,101],{"class":83},[47,88924,253],{"class":61},[47,88926,12493],{"class":65},[47,88928,253],{"class":61},[47,88930,590],{"class":83},[47,88932,62],{"class":61},[47,88934,16858],{"class":65},[47,88936,253],{"class":61},[47,88938,590],{"class":83},[47,88940,62],{"class":61},[47,88942,12510],{"class":65},[47,88944,253],{"class":61},[47,88946,107],{"class":83},[20,88948,338],{},[38,88950,88952],{"className":40,"code":88951,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"red green blue\n",[15,88953,88954],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88955,88956],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88957,88951],{"class":53},[724,88959,88961],{"id":88960},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[38,88963,88965],{"className":40,"code":88964,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,88966,88967,89010],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88968,88969,88971,88973,88975,88977,88979,88981,88983,88985,88987,88989,88991,88993,88995,88997,89000,89002,89004,89006,89008],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88970,98],{"class":97},[47,88972,101],{"class":83},[47,88974,253],{"class":61},[47,88976,12493],{"class":65},[47,88978,253],{"class":61},[47,88980,590],{"class":83},[47,88982,62],{"class":61},[47,88984,16858],{"class":65},[47,88986,253],{"class":61},[47,88988,590],{"class":83},[47,88990,62],{"class":61},[47,88992,12510],{"class":65},[47,88994,253],{"class":61},[47,88996,590],{"class":83},[47,88998,88999],{"class":8573}," sep",[47,89001,58],{"class":57},[47,89003,253],{"class":61},[47,89005,590],{"class":65},[47,89007,253],{"class":61},[47,89009,107],{"class":83},[47,89011,89012,89014,89016,89018,89020,89022,89024,89026,89028,89030,89032,89034,89036,89038,89040,89042,89044,89046,89049,89051],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,89013,98],{"class":97},[47,89015,101],{"class":83},[47,89017,253],{"class":61},[47,89019,12493],{"class":65},[47,89021,253],{"class":61},[47,89023,590],{"class":83},[47,89025,62],{"class":61},[47,89027,16858],{"class":65},[47,89029,253],{"class":61},[47,89031,590],{"class":83},[47,89033,62],{"class":61},[47,89035,12510],{"class":65},[47,89037,253],{"class":61},[47,89039,590],{"class":83},[47,89041,88999],{"class":8573},[47,89043,58],{"class":57},[47,89045,253],{"class":61},[47,89047,89048],{"class":65}," - ",[47,89050,253],{"class":61},[47,89052,107],{"class":83},[20,89054,338],{},[38,89056,89058],{"className":40,"code":89057,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89059,89060,89072],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89061,89062,89064,89066,89068,89070],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89063,12493],{"class":53},[47,89065,590],{"class":83},[47,89067,16858],{"class":53},[47,89069,590],{"class":83},[47,89071,69387],{"class":53},[47,89073,89074,89077,89079,89082,89084],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,89075,89076],{"class":53},"red ",[47,89078,1413],{"class":57},[47,89080,89081],{"class":53}," green ",[47,89083,1413],{"class":57},[47,89085,35285],{"class":53},[20,89087,89088,89090],{},[15,89089,88870],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89092,89093,89094,84],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[154,89095,89096],{"href":1306},"how to format strings in Python",[33,89098,89100,36020],{"id":89099},"end-argument",[15,89101,52065],{},[20,89103,89104,89105,89107,89108,89110],{},"By default, ",[15,89106,45856],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89109,45856],{}," starts on a new line.",[724,89112,88911],{"id":89113},"default-behavior-1",[38,89115,89117],{"className":40,"code":89116,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89118,89119,89133],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89120,89121,89123,89125,89127,89129,89131],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89122,98],{"class":97},[47,89124,101],{"class":83},[47,89126,253],{"class":61},[47,89128,34270],{"class":65},[47,89130,253],{"class":61},[47,89132,107],{"class":83},[47,89134,89135,89137,89139,89141,89144,89146],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,89136,98],{"class":97},[47,89138,101],{"class":83},[47,89140,253],{"class":61},[47,89142,89143],{"class":65},"World",[47,89145,253],{"class":61},[47,89147,107],{"class":83},[20,89149,338],{},[38,89151,89153],{"className":40,"code":89152,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89154,89155,89159],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89156,89157],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89158,88353],{"class":53},[47,89160,89161],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,89162,89163],{"class":53},"World\n",[724,89165,89167],{"id":89166},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[38,89169,89171],{"className":40,"code":89170,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89172,89173,89195],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89174,89175,89177,89179,89181,89183,89185,89187,89189,89191,89193],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89176,98],{"class":97},[47,89178,101],{"class":83},[47,89180,253],{"class":61},[47,89182,34270],{"class":65},[47,89184,253],{"class":61},[47,89186,590],{"class":83},[47,89188,64446],{"class":8573},[47,89190,58],{"class":57},[47,89192,5672],{"class":61},[47,89194,107],{"class":83},[47,89196,89197,89199,89201,89203,89205,89207],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,89198,98],{"class":97},[47,89200,101],{"class":83},[47,89202,253],{"class":61},[47,89204,89143],{"class":65},[47,89206,253],{"class":61},[47,89208,107],{"class":83},[20,89210,338],{},[38,89212,89214],{"className":40,"code":89213,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89215,89216],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89217,89218],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89219,89213],{"class":53},[724,89221,89223],{"id":89222},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[38,89225,89227],{"className":40,"code":89226,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89228,89229,89258],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89230,89231,89233,89235,89237,89239,89241,89243,89245,89247,89249,89252,89254,89256],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89232,98],{"class":97},[47,89234,101],{"class":83},[47,89236,253],{"class":61},[47,89238,34270],{"class":65},[47,89240,253],{"class":61},[47,89242,590],{"class":83},[47,89244,64446],{"class":8573},[47,89246,58],{"class":57},[47,89248,253],{"class":61},[47,89250,89251],{"class":65},"!",[47,89253,86557],{"class":353},[47,89255,253],{"class":61},[47,89257,107],{"class":83},[47,89259,89260,89262,89264,89266,89268,89270],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,89261,98],{"class":97},[47,89263,101],{"class":83},[47,89265,253],{"class":61},[47,89267,89143],{"class":65},[47,89269,253],{"class":61},[47,89271,107],{"class":83},[20,89273,338],{},[38,89275,89277],{"className":40,"code":89276,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89278,89279,89284],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89280,89281],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89282,89283],{"class":53},"Hello!\n",[47,89285,89286],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,89287,89163],{"class":53},[20,89289,1371,89290,89292],{},[15,89291,52065],{}," argument is useful for:",[133,89294,89295,89298,89301],{},[136,89296,89297],{},"progress messages",[136,89299,89300],{},"inline output",[136,89302,89303],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[33,89305,89307,1786,89309],{"id":89306},"print-returns-none",[15,89308,45856],{},[15,89310,3174],{},[20,89312,89313,89314,89316],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89315,45856],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89318,538],{},[38,89320,89322],{"className":40,"code":89321,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89323,89324,89344],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89325,89326,89328,89330,89333,89335,89337,89340,89342],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89327,75],{"class":53},[47,89329,58],{"class":57},[47,89331,89332],{"class":97}," print",[47,89334,101],{"class":83},[47,89336,253],{"class":61},[47,89338,89339],{"class":65},"Hi",[47,89341,253],{"class":61},[47,89343,107],{"class":83},[47,89345,89346,89348,89350,89352],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,89347,98],{"class":97},[47,89349,101],{"class":83},[47,89351,104],{"class":87},[47,89353,107],{"class":83},[20,89355,338],{},[38,89357,89359],{"className":40,"code":89358,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89360,89361,89366],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89362,89363],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89364,89365],{"class":53},"Hi\n",[47,89367,89368],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,89369,11207],{"class":1271},[20,89371,89372],{},"Why does this happen?",[133,89374,89375,89383,89388],{},[136,89376,89377,89380,89381],{},[15,89378,89379],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89382,89339],{},[136,89384,89385,89386],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89387,3174],{},[136,89389,89390,89391,11319,89393],{},"so ",[15,89392,104],{},[15,89394,3174],{},[20,89396,89397,89398,89400],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,89399,45856],{}," call.",[38,89402,89404],{"className":40,"code":89403,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,89405,89406,89419],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89407,89408,89411,89413,89415,89417],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89409,89410],{"class":53},"message ",[47,89412,58],{"class":57},[47,89414,62],{"class":61},[47,89416,89339],{"class":65},[47,89418,69],{"class":61},[47,89420,89421,89423,89425,89428],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,89422,98],{"class":97},[47,89424,101],{"class":83},[47,89426,89427],{"class":87},"message",[47,89429,107],{"class":83},[20,89431,89432,89433,89435,89436,89440],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,89434,45856],{}," with functions like ",[154,89437,89438],{"href":7617},[15,89439,2346],{},", which do return a value.",[33,89442,89444,89445],{"id":89443},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,89446,45856],{},[20,89448,89449,89450,89452],{},"Beginners use ",[15,89451,45856],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[133,89454,89455,89458,89461,89464],{},[136,89456,89457],{},"to display results to the user",[136,89459,89460],{},"to show messages in a script",[136,89462,89463],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[136,89465,89466],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,89468,538],{},[38,89470,89472],{"className":40,"code":89471,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,89473,89474,89482,89486,89506,89517],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89475,89476,89478,89480],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89477,40586],{"class":53},[47,89479,58],{"class":57},[47,89481,37916],{"class":586},[47,89483,89484],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,89485,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,89487,89488,89490,89492,89494,89496,89498,89500,89502,89504],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,89489,5359],{"class":655},[47,89491,5787],{"class":53},[47,89493,3278],{"class":655},[47,89495,53475],{"class":97},[47,89497,101],{"class":83},[47,89499,2377],{"class":586},[47,89501,590],{"class":83},[47,89503,1847],{"class":586},[47,89505,7740],{"class":83},[47,89507,89508,89511,89514],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,89509,89510],{"class":53},"    total ",[47,89512,89513],{"class":57},"+=",[47,89515,89516],{"class":53}," number\n",[47,89518,89519,89521,89523,89525,89528,89530,89532,89534,89536,89538,89540,89542,89544,89546],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,89520,684],{"class":97},[47,89522,101],{"class":83},[47,89524,253],{"class":61},[47,89526,89527],{"class":65},"Current number:",[47,89529,253],{"class":61},[47,89531,590],{"class":83},[47,89533,1588],{"class":87},[47,89535,590],{"class":83},[47,89537,62],{"class":61},[47,89539,44967],{"class":65},[47,89541,253],{"class":61},[47,89543,590],{"class":83},[47,89545,44974],{"class":87},[47,89547,107],{"class":83},[20,89549,338],{},[38,89551,89553],{"className":40,"code":89552,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,89554,89555,89571,89585],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89556,89557,89560,89562,89564,89567,89569],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89558,89559],{"class":53},"Current number",[47,89561,1032],{"class":83},[47,89563,4898],{"class":586},[47,89565,89566],{"class":53}," Total",[47,89568,1032],{"class":83},[47,89570,29019],{"class":586},[47,89572,89573,89575,89577,89579,89581,89583],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,89574,89559],{"class":53},[47,89576,1032],{"class":83},[47,89578,2382],{"class":586},[47,89580,89566],{"class":53},[47,89582,1032],{"class":83},[47,89584,1967],{"class":586},[47,89586,89587,89589,89591,89593,89595,89597],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,89588,89559],{"class":53},[47,89590,1032],{"class":83},[47,89592,1841],{"class":586},[47,89594,89566],{"class":53},[47,89596,1032],{"class":83},[47,89598,89599],{"class":586}," 6\n",[20,89601,89602,89603,84],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[154,89604,89606],{"href":89605},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[33,89608,722],{"id":721},[20,89610,89611,89612,84],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,89613,45856],{},[724,89615,89617],{"id":89616},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,89619,89620],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[38,89622,89624],{"className":40,"code":89623,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(Hello)\n",[15,89625,89626],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89627,89628,89630,89632,89634],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89629,98],{"class":97},[47,89631,101],{"class":83},[47,89633,34270],{"class":87},[47,89635,107],{"class":83},[20,89637,8272,89638,89640],{},[15,89639,34270],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,89642,10207],{},[38,89644,89646],{"className":40,"code":89645,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,89647,89648],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89649,89650,89652,89654,89656,89658,89660],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89651,98],{"class":97},[47,89653,101],{"class":83},[47,89655,253],{"class":61},[47,89657,34270],{"class":65},[47,89659,253],{"class":61},[47,89661,107],{"class":83},[724,89663,7816,89665,89667],{"id":89664},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,89666,98],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,89669,89670],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[38,89672,89674],{"className":40,"code":89673,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,89675,89676],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89677,89678,89680,89682,89684],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89679,98],{"class":97},[47,89681,62],{"class":61},[47,89683,34270],{"class":65},[47,89685,69],{"class":61},[20,89687,10207],{},[38,89689,89690],{"className":40,"code":89645,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,89691,89692],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89693,89694,89696,89698,89700,89702,89704],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89695,98],{"class":97},[47,89697,101],{"class":83},[47,89699,253],{"class":61},[47,89701,34270],{"class":65},[47,89703,253],{"class":61},[47,89705,107],{"class":83},[724,89707,89709,89710],{"id":89708},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,89711,1452],{},[20,89713,89714,89715,84],{},"This causes a ",[15,89716,2395],{},[38,89718,89719],{"className":40,"code":88808,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,89720,89721,89729],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89722,89723,89725,89727],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89724,21030],{"class":53},[47,89726,58],{"class":57},[47,89728,1976],{"class":586},[47,89730,89731,89733,89735,89737,89739,89741,89743,89745],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,89732,98],{"class":97},[47,89734,101],{"class":83},[47,89736,253],{"class":61},[47,89738,88829],{"class":65},[47,89740,253],{"class":61},[47,89742,1844],{"class":57},[47,89744,8586],{"class":87},[47,89746,107],{"class":83},[20,89748,89749],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[38,89751,89753],{"className":40,"code":89752,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89754,89755],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89756,89757,89759,89761,89763,89765,89767,89769,89771],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89758,98],{"class":97},[47,89760,101],{"class":83},[47,89762,253],{"class":61},[47,89764,88730],{"class":65},[47,89766,253],{"class":61},[47,89768,590],{"class":83},[47,89770,8586],{"class":87},[47,89772,107],{"class":83},[20,89774,89775],{},"Or convert the number first:",[38,89777,89779],{"className":40,"code":89778,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,89780,89781],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89782,89783,89785,89787,89789,89791,89793,89795,89797,89799,89801],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89784,98],{"class":97},[47,89786,101],{"class":83},[47,89788,253],{"class":61},[47,89790,88829],{"class":65},[47,89792,253],{"class":61},[47,89794,1844],{"class":57},[47,89796,48308],{"class":919},[47,89798,101],{"class":83},[47,89800,8697],{"class":87},[47,89802,1419],{"class":83},[20,89804,89805,89806,84],{},"If you see this error, read ",[154,89807,89809],{"href":89808},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[724,89811,7852,89813,89815],{"id":89812},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,89814,45856],{}," to return a value",[20,89817,89818,89819,34733,89822,1032],{},"This does not store ",[15,89820,89821],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,89823,104],{},[38,89825,89827],{"className":40,"code":89826,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,89828,89829],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89830,89831,89833,89835,89837,89839,89841,89843,89845],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89832,75],{"class":53},[47,89834,58],{"class":57},[47,89836,89332],{"class":97},[47,89838,101],{"class":83},[47,89840,253],{"class":61},[47,89842,34270],{"class":65},[47,89844,253],{"class":61},[47,89846,107],{"class":83},[20,89848,89849,89850,84],{},"It stores ",[15,89851,3174],{},[724,89853,89855,89856,1063,89858],{"id":89854},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,89857,88870],{},[15,89859,52065],{},[20,89861,85216],{},[133,89863,89864,89873],{},[136,89865,89866,89868,89869,89872],{},[15,89867,88870],{}," changes what goes ",[121,89870,89871],{},"between"," multiple values",[136,89874,89875,89877,89878,89881],{},[15,89876,52065],{}," changes what appears ",[121,89879,89880],{},"after"," the output",[33,89883,89885],{"id":89884},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,89887,89888,89889,89891],{},"These simple ",[15,89890,45856],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[38,89893,89895],{"className":40,"code":89894,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,89896,89897,89917,89932],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,89898,89899,89901,89903,89905,89908,89910,89912,89915],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,89900,98],{"class":97},[47,89902,101],{"class":83},[47,89904,253],{"class":61},[47,89906,89907],{"class":65},"Debug:",[47,89909,253],{"class":61},[47,89911,590],{"class":83},[47,89913,89914],{"class":87}," variable_name",[47,89916,107],{"class":83},[47,89918,89919,89921,89923,89925,89927,89930],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,89920,98],{"class":97},[47,89922,101],{"class":83},[47,89924,2613],{"class":919},[47,89926,101],{"class":83},[47,89928,89929],{"class":87},"variable_name",[47,89931,1419],{"class":83},[47,89933,89934,89936,89938,89940],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,89935,31558],{"class":97},[47,89937,101],{"class":83},[47,89939,98],{"class":97},[47,89941,107],{"class":83},[20,89943,89944],{},"What they do:",[133,89946,89947,89953,89959],{},[136,89948,89949,89952],{},[15,89950,89951],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[136,89954,89955,89958],{},[15,89956,89957],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[136,89960,89961,89964,89965],{},[15,89962,89963],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,89966,45856],{},[33,89968,1155],{"id":1154},[724,89970,1159,89972,89974],{"id":89971},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,89973,45856],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,89976,89977,89978,89980,89981,36026],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,89979,45856],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,89982,52065],{},[724,89984,4568,89986,89988],{"id":89985},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,89987,45856],{}," show more than one value?",[20,89990,89991,89992,89994],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,89993,45856],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[724,89996,4556,89998,4559,90001,1883],{"id":89997},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,89999,90000],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90002,3174],{},[20,90004,28465,90005,90007],{},[15,90006,45856],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[724,90009,90011],{"id":90010},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90013,90014],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[38,90016,90018],{"className":40,"code":90017,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90019,90020],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90021,90022,90024,90026,90028,90030,90032,90034,90036],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90023,98],{"class":97},[47,90025,101],{"class":83},[47,90027,253],{"class":61},[47,90029,88730],{"class":65},[47,90031,253],{"class":61},[47,90033,590],{"class":83},[47,90035,5405],{"class":586},[47,90037,107],{"class":83},[20,90039,90040,90041,39332],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90042,47088],{},[724,90044,4578,90046,1063,90048,1883],{"id":90045},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90047,88870],{},[15,90049,52065],{},[133,90051,90052,90057],{},[136,90053,90054,90056],{},[15,90055,88870],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[136,90058,90059,90061],{},[15,90060,52065],{}," changes what appears after the output",[33,90063,1275],{"id":1274},[133,90065,90066,90070,90076,90082,90086,90091],{},[136,90067,90068],{},[154,90069,50380],{"href":161},[136,90071,90072],{},[154,90073,2968,90074,2901],{"href":7617},[15,90075,2346],{},[136,90077,90078],{},[154,90079,2968,90080,2901],{"href":41578},[15,90081,47088],{},[136,90083,90084],{},[154,90085,1307],{"href":1306},[136,90087,90088],{},[154,90089,90090],{"href":89605},"How to debug Python code",[136,90092,90093],{},[154,90094,89809],{"href":89808},[1320,90096,90097],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":90099},[90100,90101,90103,90104,90110,90111,90112,90117,90123,90125,90127,90138,90139,90150],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":88274,"depth":72,"text":90102},"What print() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":88510,"depth":72,"text":88511,"children":90105},[90106,90107,90108,90109],{"id":88519,"depth":94,"text":88520},{"id":88560,"depth":94,"text":88561},{"id":88592,"depth":94,"text":88593},{"id":88619,"depth":94,"text":88620},{"id":88661,"depth":72,"text":88662},{"id":88857,"depth":72,"text":88858},{"id":88897,"depth":72,"text":90113,"children":90114},"sep argument",[90115,90116],{"id":88910,"depth":94,"text":88911},{"id":88960,"depth":94,"text":88961},{"id":89099,"depth":72,"text":90118,"children":90119},"end argument",[90120,90121,90122],{"id":89113,"depth":94,"text":88911},{"id":89166,"depth":94,"text":89167},{"id":89222,"depth":94,"text":89223},{"id":89306,"depth":72,"text":90124},"print() returns None",{"id":89443,"depth":72,"text":90126},"When beginners use print()",{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722,"children":90128},[90129,90130,90132,90134,90136],{"id":89616,"depth":94,"text":89617},{"id":89664,"depth":94,"text":90131},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":89708,"depth":94,"text":90133},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":89812,"depth":94,"text":90135},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":89854,"depth":94,"text":90137},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":89884,"depth":72,"text":89885},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":90140},[90141,90143,90145,90147,90148],{"id":89971,"depth":94,"text":90142},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":89985,"depth":94,"text":90144},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":89997,"depth":94,"text":90146},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90010,"depth":94,"text":90011},{"id":90045,"depth":94,"text":90149},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88157,"description":90151},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90158,"title":90159,"body":90160,"description":92464,"extension":1354,"meta":92465,"navigation":311,"path":92466,"seo":92467,"stem":92468,"__hash__":92469},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90161,"toc":92410},[90162,90167,90172,90185,90187,90252,90263,90268,90273,90275,90298,90301,90332,90334,90351,90356,90362,90367,90416,90419,90436,90442,90447,90470,90472,90500,90506,90514,90541,90543,90568,90574,90577,90608,90610,90639,90643,90646,90651,90673,90675,90703,90709,90715,90741,90743,90767,90773,90779,90809,90811,90839,90849,90853,90859,90892,90894,90923,90926,90929,90962,90964,90972,90978,90980,91003,91008,91017,91022,91036,91038,91078,91080,91110,91114,91149,91155,91159,91203,91205,91235,91241,91244,91323,91325,91347,91355,91358,91421,91429,91504,91510,91517,91522,91527,91550,91552,91573,91575,91588,91590,91637,91639,91678,91687,91689,91693,91697,91700,91727,91730,91759,91762,91786,91789,91797,91803,91825,91827,91855,91859,91864,91919,91924,91926,91983,91990,91999,92002,92034,92036,92044,92047,92053,92055,92078,92081,92087,92090,92109,92111,92130,92133,92155,92157,92185,92189,92193,92298,92300,92313,92315,92321,92324,92332,92337,92343,92349,92354,92362,92368,92375,92377,92407],[10,90163,2968,90165,2972],{"id":90164},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90166,35602],{},[20,90168,31723,90169,90171],{},[15,90170,35602],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90173,90174,90175,90177,90178,90180,90181,90184],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90176,5359],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90179,35602],{}," stops ",[121,90182,90183],{},"before"," the end value.",[33,90186,36],{"id":35},[38,90188,90190],{"className":40,"code":90189,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90191,90192,90208,90218,90222,90227,90232,90237,90242,90247],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90193,90194,90196,90198,90200,90202,90204,90206],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90195,5359],{"class":655},[47,90197,68954],{"class":53},[47,90199,3278],{"class":655},[47,90201,53475],{"class":97},[47,90203,101],{"class":83},[47,90205,1531],{"class":586},[47,90207,7740],{"class":83},[47,90209,90210,90212,90214,90216],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,90211,684],{"class":97},[47,90213,101],{"class":83},[47,90215,35558],{"class":87},[47,90217,107],{"class":83},[47,90219,90220],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,90221,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,90223,90224],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,90225,90226],{"class":113},"# Output:\n",[47,90228,90229],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,90230,90231],{"class":113},"# 0\n",[47,90233,90234],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,90235,90236],{"class":113},"# 1\n",[47,90238,90239],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,90240,90241],{"class":113},"# 2\n",[47,90243,90244],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,90245,90246],{"class":113},"# 3\n",[47,90248,90249],{"class":49,"line":5831},[47,90250,90251],{"class":113},"# 4\n",[20,90253,90254,90257,90258,90260,90261,84],{},[15,90255,90256],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90259,1514],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90262,1531],{},[33,90264,128,90266,131],{"id":90265},"what-range-does",[15,90267,35602],{},[20,90269,90270,90272],{},[15,90271,35602],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90274,12452],{},[133,90276,90277,90282,90288,90293],{},[136,90278,90279,90281],{},[15,90280,35602],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[136,90283,90284,90285,90287],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90286,5359],{}," loops",[136,90289,90290,90291],{},"The stop value is ",[121,90292,64475],{},[136,90294,16824,90295,90297],{},[15,90296,59405],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90299,90300],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[38,90302,90304],{"className":40,"code":90303,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90305,90306,90322],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90307,90308,90310,90312,90314,90316,90318,90320],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90309,5359],{"class":655},[47,90311,5787],{"class":53},[47,90313,3278],{"class":655},[47,90315,53475],{"class":97},[47,90317,101],{"class":83},[47,90319,1455],{"class":586},[47,90321,7740],{"class":83},[47,90323,90324,90326,90328,90330],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,90325,684],{"class":97},[47,90327,101],{"class":83},[47,90329,878],{"class":87},[47,90331,107],{"class":83},[20,90333,338],{},[38,90335,90337],{"className":40,"code":90336,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90338,90339,90343,90347],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90340,90341],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90342,46656],{"class":586},[47,90344,90345],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,90346,46321],{"class":586},[47,90348,90349],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,90350,16458],{"class":586},[20,90352,90353,90354,84],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[154,90355,35432],{"href":35431},[33,90357,90359,90361],{"id":90358},"range-syntax",[15,90360,35602],{}," syntax",[20,90363,90364,90366],{},[15,90365,35602],{}," has three common forms:",[38,90368,90370],{"className":40,"code":90369,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90371,90372,90382,90397],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90373,90374,90376,90378,90380],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90375,59405],{"class":97},[47,90377,101],{"class":83},[47,90379,74831],{"class":87},[47,90381,107],{"class":83},[47,90383,90384,90386,90388,90390,90392,90395],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,90385,59405],{"class":97},[47,90387,101],{"class":83},[47,90389,35476],{"class":87},[47,90391,590],{"class":83},[47,90393,90394],{"class":87}," stop",[47,90396,107],{"class":83},[47,90398,90399,90401,90403,90405,90407,90409,90411,90414],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,90400,59405],{"class":97},[47,90402,101],{"class":83},[47,90404,35476],{"class":87},[47,90406,590],{"class":83},[47,90408,90394],{"class":87},[47,90410,590],{"class":83},[47,90412,90413],{"class":87}," step",[47,90415,107],{"class":83},[20,90417,90418],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[133,90420,90421,90426,90431],{},[136,90422,90423,90425],{},[15,90424,35476],{}," = first number",[136,90427,90428,90430],{},[15,90429,74831],{}," = end limit, not included",[136,90432,90433,90435],{},[15,90434,74834],{}," = amount to move each time",[724,90437,90439],{"id":90438},"rangestop",[15,90440,90441],{},"range(stop)",[20,90443,90444,90445,84],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,90446,1514],{},[38,90448,90450],{"className":40,"code":90449,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,90451,90452],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90453,90454,90456,90458,90460,90462,90464,90466,90468],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90455,98],{"class":97},[47,90457,101],{"class":83},[47,90459,7492],{"class":919},[47,90461,101],{"class":83},[47,90463,59405],{"class":97},[47,90465,101],{"class":83},[47,90467,1531],{"class":586},[47,90469,2300],{"class":83},[20,90471,338],{},[38,90473,90474],{"className":40,"code":59428,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,90475,90476],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90477,90478,90480,90482,90484,90486,90488,90490,90492,90494,90496,90498],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90479,3296],{"class":83},[47,90481,1514],{"class":586},[47,90483,590],{"class":83},[47,90485,4898],{"class":586},[47,90487,590],{"class":83},[47,90489,2382],{"class":586},[47,90491,590],{"class":83},[47,90493,1841],{"class":586},[47,90495,590],{"class":83},[47,90497,1847],{"class":586},[47,90499,3030],{"class":83},[724,90501,90503],{"id":90502},"rangestart-stop",[15,90504,90505],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,90507,90508,90509,90511,90512,84],{},"This starts at ",[15,90510,35476],{}," and stops before ",[15,90513,74831],{},[38,90515,90517],{"className":40,"code":90516,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,90518,90519],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90520,90521,90523,90525,90527,90529,90531,90533,90535,90537,90539],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90522,98],{"class":97},[47,90524,101],{"class":83},[47,90526,7492],{"class":919},[47,90528,101],{"class":83},[47,90530,59405],{"class":97},[47,90532,101],{"class":83},[47,90534,1449],{"class":586},[47,90536,590],{"class":83},[47,90538,37048],{"class":586},[47,90540,2300],{"class":83},[20,90542,338],{},[38,90544,90546],{"className":40,"code":90545,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,90547,90548],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90549,90550,90552,90554,90556,90558,90560,90562,90564,90566],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90551,3296],{"class":83},[47,90553,1449],{"class":586},[47,90555,590],{"class":83},[47,90557,1841],{"class":586},[47,90559,590],{"class":83},[47,90561,1847],{"class":586},[47,90563,590],{"class":83},[47,90565,4002],{"class":586},[47,90567,3030],{"class":83},[724,90569,90571],{"id":90570},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,90572,90573],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,90575,90576],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[38,90578,90580],{"className":40,"code":90579,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,90581,90582],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90583,90584,90586,90588,90590,90592,90594,90596,90598,90600,90602,90604,90606],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90585,98],{"class":97},[47,90587,101],{"class":83},[47,90589,7492],{"class":919},[47,90591,101],{"class":83},[47,90593,59405],{"class":97},[47,90595,101],{"class":83},[47,90597,2377],{"class":586},[47,90599,590],{"class":83},[47,90601,5405],{"class":586},[47,90603,590],{"class":83},[47,90605,2382],{"class":586},[47,90607,2300],{"class":83},[20,90609,338],{},[38,90611,90613],{"className":40,"code":90612,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,90614,90615],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90616,90617,90619,90621,90623,90625,90627,90629,90631,90633,90635,90637],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90618,3296],{"class":83},[47,90620,2377],{"class":586},[47,90622,590],{"class":83},[47,90624,1841],{"class":586},[47,90626,590],{"class":83},[47,90628,4002],{"class":586},[47,90630,590],{"class":83},[47,90632,587],{"class":586},[47,90634,590],{"class":83},[47,90636,53541],{"class":586},[47,90638,3030],{"class":83},[33,90640,90642],{"id":90641},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,90644,90645],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[724,90647,90649],{"id":90648},"range5",[15,90650,90256],{},[38,90652,90653],{"className":40,"code":90449,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,90654,90655],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90656,90657,90659,90661,90663,90665,90667,90669,90671],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90658,98],{"class":97},[47,90660,101],{"class":83},[47,90662,7492],{"class":919},[47,90664,101],{"class":83},[47,90666,59405],{"class":97},[47,90668,101],{"class":83},[47,90670,1531],{"class":586},[47,90672,2300],{"class":83},[20,90674,338],{},[38,90676,90677],{"className":40,"code":59428,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,90678,90679],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90680,90681,90683,90685,90687,90689,90691,90693,90695,90697,90699,90701],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90682,3296],{"class":83},[47,90684,1514],{"class":586},[47,90686,590],{"class":83},[47,90688,4898],{"class":586},[47,90690,590],{"class":83},[47,90692,2382],{"class":586},[47,90694,590],{"class":83},[47,90696,1841],{"class":586},[47,90698,590],{"class":83},[47,90700,1847],{"class":586},[47,90702,3030],{"class":83},[20,90704,90508,90705,90511,90707,84],{},[15,90706,1514],{},[15,90708,1531],{},[724,90710,90712],{"id":90711},"range2-6",[15,90713,90714],{},"range(2, 6)",[38,90716,90717],{"className":40,"code":90516,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,90718,90719],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90720,90721,90723,90725,90727,90729,90731,90733,90735,90737,90739],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90722,98],{"class":97},[47,90724,101],{"class":83},[47,90726,7492],{"class":919},[47,90728,101],{"class":83},[47,90730,59405],{"class":97},[47,90732,101],{"class":83},[47,90734,1449],{"class":586},[47,90736,590],{"class":83},[47,90738,37048],{"class":586},[47,90740,2300],{"class":83},[20,90742,338],{},[38,90744,90745],{"className":40,"code":90545,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,90746,90747],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90748,90749,90751,90753,90755,90757,90759,90761,90763,90765],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90750,3296],{"class":83},[47,90752,1449],{"class":586},[47,90754,590],{"class":83},[47,90756,1841],{"class":586},[47,90758,590],{"class":83},[47,90760,1847],{"class":586},[47,90762,590],{"class":83},[47,90764,4002],{"class":586},[47,90766,3030],{"class":83},[20,90768,90508,90769,90511,90771,84],{},[15,90770,1449],{},[15,90772,79999],{},[724,90774,90776],{"id":90775},"range1-10-2",[15,90777,90778],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[38,90780,90781],{"className":40,"code":90579,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,90782,90783],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90784,90785,90787,90789,90791,90793,90795,90797,90799,90801,90803,90805,90807],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90786,98],{"class":97},[47,90788,101],{"class":83},[47,90790,7492],{"class":919},[47,90792,101],{"class":83},[47,90794,59405],{"class":97},[47,90796,101],{"class":83},[47,90798,2377],{"class":586},[47,90800,590],{"class":83},[47,90802,5405],{"class":586},[47,90804,590],{"class":83},[47,90806,2382],{"class":586},[47,90808,2300],{"class":83},[20,90810,338],{},[38,90812,90813],{"className":40,"code":90612,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,90814,90815],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90816,90817,90819,90821,90823,90825,90827,90829,90831,90833,90835,90837],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90818,3296],{"class":83},[47,90820,2377],{"class":586},[47,90822,590],{"class":83},[47,90824,1841],{"class":586},[47,90826,590],{"class":83},[47,90828,4002],{"class":586},[47,90830,590],{"class":83},[47,90832,587],{"class":586},[47,90834,590],{"class":83},[47,90836,53541],{"class":586},[47,90838,3030],{"class":83},[20,90840,90841,90842,90844,90845,60706,90847,84],{},"This moves by ",[15,90843,1449],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,90846,2377],{},[15,90848,1539],{},[724,90850,90852],{"id":90851},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,90854,90855,90856,90858],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,90857,35602],{}," count backward.",[38,90860,90862],{"className":40,"code":90861,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,90863,90864],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90865,90866,90868,90870,90872,90874,90876,90878,90880,90882,90884,90886,90888,90890],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90867,98],{"class":97},[47,90869,101],{"class":83},[47,90871,7492],{"class":919},[47,90873,101],{"class":83},[47,90875,59405],{"class":97},[47,90877,101],{"class":83},[47,90879,1531],{"class":586},[47,90881,590],{"class":83},[47,90883,3230],{"class":586},[47,90885,590],{"class":83},[47,90887,1612],{"class":57},[47,90889,2377],{"class":586},[47,90891,2300],{"class":83},[20,90893,338],{},[38,90895,90897],{"className":40,"code":90896,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,90898,90899],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90900,90901,90903,90905,90907,90909,90911,90913,90915,90917,90919,90921],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90902,3296],{"class":83},[47,90904,1531],{"class":586},[47,90906,590],{"class":83},[47,90908,1847],{"class":586},[47,90910,590],{"class":83},[47,90912,1841],{"class":586},[47,90914,590],{"class":83},[47,90916,2382],{"class":586},[47,90918,590],{"class":83},[47,90920,4898],{"class":586},[47,90922,3030],{"class":83},[20,90924,90925],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,90927,90928],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[38,90930,90932],{"className":40,"code":90931,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,90933,90934],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90935,90936,90938,90940,90942,90944,90946,90948,90950,90952,90954,90956,90958,90960],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90937,98],{"class":97},[47,90939,101],{"class":83},[47,90941,7492],{"class":919},[47,90943,101],{"class":83},[47,90945,59405],{"class":97},[47,90947,101],{"class":83},[47,90949,2377],{"class":586},[47,90951,590],{"class":83},[47,90953,4002],{"class":586},[47,90955,590],{"class":83},[47,90957,1612],{"class":57},[47,90959,2377],{"class":586},[47,90961,2300],{"class":83},[20,90963,338],{},[38,90965,90966],{"className":40,"code":37702,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,90967,90968],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90969,90970],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90971,37702],{"class":83},[724,90973,90974,75994,90976],{"id":76218},[15,90975,74834],{},[15,90977,1514],{},[20,90979,2225],{},[38,90981,90983],{"className":40,"code":90982,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,90984,90985],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90986,90987,90989,90991,90993,90995,90997,90999,91001],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90988,59405],{"class":97},[47,90990,101],{"class":83},[47,90992,2377],{"class":586},[47,90994,590],{"class":83},[47,90996,4002],{"class":586},[47,90998,590],{"class":83},[47,91000,3230],{"class":586},[47,91002,107],{"class":83},[20,91004,76263,91005,91007],{},[15,91006,40107],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[33,91009,7816,91011,91013,91014,91016],{"id":91010},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91012,35602],{}," in a ",[15,91015,5359],{}," loop",[20,91018,91019,91021],{},[15,91020,35602],{}," is most useful when:",[133,91023,91024,91027,91030],{},[136,91025,91026],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[136,91028,91029],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[136,91031,91032,91033],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91034,91035],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91037,538],{},[38,91039,91041],{"className":40,"code":91040,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91042,91043,91059],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91044,91045,91047,91049,91051,91053,91055,91057],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91046,5359],{"class":655},[47,91048,68954],{"class":53},[47,91050,3278],{"class":655},[47,91052,53475],{"class":97},[47,91054,101],{"class":83},[47,91056,1455],{"class":586},[47,91058,7740],{"class":83},[47,91060,91061,91063,91065,91067,91070,91072,91074,91076],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,91062,684],{"class":97},[47,91064,101],{"class":83},[47,91066,253],{"class":61},[47,91068,91069],{"class":65},"Loop number:",[47,91071,253],{"class":61},[47,91073,590],{"class":83},[47,91075,35533],{"class":87},[47,91077,107],{"class":83},[20,91079,338],{},[38,91081,91083],{"className":40,"code":91082,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91084,91085,91094,91102],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91086,91087,91090,91092],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91088,91089],{"class":53},"Loop number",[47,91091,1032],{"class":83},[47,91093,37916],{"class":586},[47,91095,91096,91098,91100],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,91097,91089],{"class":53},[47,91099,1032],{"class":83},[47,91101,29019],{"class":586},[47,91103,91104,91106,91108],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,91105,91089],{"class":53},[47,91107,1032],{"class":83},[47,91109,44993],{"class":586},[724,91111,91113],{"id":91112},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[38,91115,91117],{"className":40,"code":91116,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91118,91119,91135],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91120,91121,91123,91125,91127,91129,91131,91133],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91122,5359],{"class":655},[47,91124,68954],{"class":53},[47,91126,3278],{"class":655},[47,91128,53475],{"class":97},[47,91130,101],{"class":83},[47,91132,1531],{"class":586},[47,91134,7740],{"class":83},[47,91136,91137,91139,91141,91143,91145,91147],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,91138,684],{"class":97},[47,91140,101],{"class":83},[47,91142,253],{"class":61},[47,91144,34270],{"class":65},[47,91146,253],{"class":61},[47,91148,107],{"class":83},[20,91150,91151,91152,91154],{},"This prints ",[15,91153,89821],{}," five times.",[724,91156,91158],{"id":91157},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[38,91160,91162],{"className":40,"code":91161,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91163,91164,91184],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91165,91166,91168,91170,91172,91174,91176,91178,91180,91182],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91167,5359],{"class":655},[47,91169,68954],{"class":53},[47,91171,3278],{"class":655},[47,91173,53475],{"class":97},[47,91175,101],{"class":83},[47,91177,2377],{"class":586},[47,91179,590],{"class":83},[47,91181,1847],{"class":586},[47,91183,7740],{"class":83},[47,91185,91186,91188,91190,91192,91195,91197,91199,91201],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,91187,684],{"class":97},[47,91189,101],{"class":83},[47,91191,253],{"class":61},[47,91193,91194],{"class":65},"Current number is",[47,91196,253],{"class":61},[47,91198,590],{"class":83},[47,91200,35533],{"class":87},[47,91202,107],{"class":83},[20,91204,338],{},[38,91206,91208],{"className":40,"code":91207,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91209,91210,91219,91227],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91211,91212,91215,91217],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91213,91214],{"class":53},"Current number ",[47,91216,11593],{"class":57},[47,91218,29019],{"class":586},[47,91220,91221,91223,91225],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,91222,91214],{"class":53},[47,91224,11593],{"class":57},[47,91226,44993],{"class":586},[47,91228,91229,91231,91233],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,91230,91214],{"class":53},[47,91232,11593],{"class":57},[47,91234,1967],{"class":586},[724,91236,91238,91240],{"id":91237},"range-and-indexing",[15,91239,35602],{}," and indexing",[20,91242,91243],{},"You may see code like this:",[38,91245,91247],{"className":40,"code":91246,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91248,91249,91281,91285,91305],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91250,91251,91253,91255,91257,91259,91261,91263,91265,91267,91269,91271,91273,91275,91277,91279],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91252,7178],{"class":53},[47,91254,58],{"class":57},[47,91256,3017],{"class":83},[47,91258,253],{"class":61},[47,91260,154],{"class":65},[47,91262,253],{"class":61},[47,91264,590],{"class":83},[47,91266,62],{"class":61},[47,91268,4158],{"class":65},[47,91270,253],{"class":61},[47,91272,590],{"class":83},[47,91274,62],{"class":61},[47,91276,9138],{"class":65},[47,91278,253],{"class":61},[47,91280,3030],{"class":83},[47,91282,91283],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,91284,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,91286,91287,91289,91291,91293,91295,91297,91299,91301,91303],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,91288,5359],{"class":655},[47,91290,68954],{"class":53},[47,91292,3278],{"class":655},[47,91294,53475],{"class":97},[47,91296,101],{"class":83},[47,91298,10562],{"class":97},[47,91300,101],{"class":83},[47,91302,7209],{"class":87},[47,91304,68969],{"class":83},[47,91306,91307,91309,91311,91313,91315,91317,91319,91321],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,91308,684],{"class":97},[47,91310,101],{"class":83},[47,91312,35558],{"class":87},[47,91314,590],{"class":83},[47,91316,5367],{"class":87},[47,91318,3296],{"class":83},[47,91320,35558],{"class":87},[47,91322,3284],{"class":83},[20,91324,338],{},[38,91326,91327],{"className":40,"code":35570,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91328,91329,91335,91341],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91330,91331,91333],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91332,1514],{"class":586},[47,91334,35579],{"class":53},[47,91336,91337,91339],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,91338,2377],{"class":586},[47,91340,35586],{"class":53},[47,91342,91343,91345],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,91344,1449],{"class":586},[47,91346,35593],{"class":53},[20,91348,91349,91350,91354],{},"This works, and it uses ",[154,91351,91352],{"href":41761},[15,91353,41764],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91356,91357],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[38,91359,91361],{"className":40,"code":91360,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91362,91363,91395,91399,91411],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91364,91365,91367,91369,91371,91373,91375,91377,91379,91381,91383,91385,91387,91389,91391,91393],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91366,7178],{"class":53},[47,91368,58],{"class":57},[47,91370,3017],{"class":83},[47,91372,253],{"class":61},[47,91374,154],{"class":65},[47,91376,253],{"class":61},[47,91378,590],{"class":83},[47,91380,62],{"class":61},[47,91382,4158],{"class":65},[47,91384,253],{"class":61},[47,91386,590],{"class":83},[47,91388,62],{"class":61},[47,91390,9138],{"class":65},[47,91392,253],{"class":61},[47,91394,3030],{"class":83},[47,91396,91397],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,91398,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,91400,91401,91403,91405,91407,91409],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,91402,5359],{"class":655},[47,91404,5362],{"class":53},[47,91406,3278],{"class":655},[47,91408,5367],{"class":53},[47,91410,679],{"class":83},[47,91412,91413,91415,91417,91419],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,91414,684],{"class":97},[47,91416,101],{"class":83},[47,91418,22713],{"class":87},[47,91420,107],{"class":83},[20,91422,35997,91423,91428],{},[154,91424,91426],{"href":91425},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,91427,35153],{}," is usually a better choice:",[38,91430,91432],{"className":40,"code":91431,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,91433,91434,91466,91470,91490],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91435,91436,91438,91440,91442,91444,91446,91448,91450,91452,91454,91456,91458,91460,91462,91464],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91437,7178],{"class":53},[47,91439,58],{"class":57},[47,91441,3017],{"class":83},[47,91443,253],{"class":61},[47,91445,154],{"class":65},[47,91447,253],{"class":61},[47,91449,590],{"class":83},[47,91451,62],{"class":61},[47,91453,4158],{"class":65},[47,91455,253],{"class":61},[47,91457,590],{"class":83},[47,91459,62],{"class":61},[47,91461,9138],{"class":65},[47,91463,253],{"class":61},[47,91465,3030],{"class":83},[47,91467,91468],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,91469,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,91471,91472,91474,91476,91478,91480,91482,91484,91486,91488],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,91473,5359],{"class":655},[47,91475,35225],{"class":53},[47,91477,590],{"class":83},[47,91479,5362],{"class":53},[47,91481,3278],{"class":655},[47,91483,35235],{"class":97},[47,91485,101],{"class":83},[47,91487,7209],{"class":87},[47,91489,7740],{"class":83},[47,91491,91492,91494,91496,91498,91500,91502],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,91493,684],{"class":97},[47,91495,101],{"class":83},[47,91497,35250],{"class":87},[47,91499,590],{"class":83},[47,91501,28911],{"class":87},[47,91503,107],{"class":83},[20,91505,78523,91506,84],{},[154,91507,36010,91508,36013],{"href":36009},[15,91509,35153],{},[33,91511,91513,91514,91516],{"id":91512},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,91515,35602],{}," to a list",[20,91518,91519,91521],{},[15,91520,35602],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,91523,91524,91525,1032],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,91526,24184],{},[38,91528,91530],{"className":40,"code":91529,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,91531,91532],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91533,91534,91536,91538,91540,91542,91544,91546,91548],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91535,98],{"class":97},[47,91537,101],{"class":83},[47,91539,7492],{"class":919},[47,91541,101],{"class":83},[47,91543,59405],{"class":97},[47,91545,101],{"class":83},[47,91547,1455],{"class":586},[47,91549,2300],{"class":83},[20,91551,338],{},[38,91553,91555],{"className":40,"code":91554,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,91556,91557],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91558,91559,91561,91563,91565,91567,91569,91571],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91560,3296],{"class":83},[47,91562,1514],{"class":586},[47,91564,590],{"class":83},[47,91566,4898],{"class":586},[47,91568,590],{"class":83},[47,91570,2382],{"class":586},[47,91572,3030],{"class":83},[20,91574,32718],{},[133,91576,91577,91582,91585],{},[136,91578,91579,91580,41488],{},"learning how ",[15,91581,35602],{},[136,91583,91584],{},"checking your values",[136,91586,91587],{},"debugging code",[20,91589,4872],{},[38,91591,91593],{"className":40,"code":91592,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,91594,91595,91609,91613,91623],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91596,91597,91599,91601,91603,91605,91607],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91598,3012],{"class":53},[47,91600,58],{"class":57},[47,91602,53475],{"class":97},[47,91604,101],{"class":83},[47,91606,1896],{"class":586},[47,91608,107],{"class":83},[47,91610,91611],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,91612,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,91614,91615,91617,91619,91621],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,91616,98],{"class":97},[47,91618,101],{"class":83},[47,91620,3044],{"class":87},[47,91622,107],{"class":83},[47,91624,91625,91627,91629,91631,91633,91635],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,91626,98],{"class":97},[47,91628,101],{"class":83},[47,91630,7492],{"class":919},[47,91632,101],{"class":83},[47,91634,3044],{"class":87},[47,91636,1419],{"class":83},[20,91638,338],{},[38,91640,91642],{"className":40,"code":91641,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,91643,91644,91658],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91645,91646,91648,91650,91652,91654,91656],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91647,59405],{"class":97},[47,91649,101],{"class":83},[47,91651,1514],{"class":586},[47,91653,590],{"class":83},[47,91655,1847],{"class":586},[47,91657,107],{"class":83},[47,91659,91660,91662,91664,91666,91668,91670,91672,91674,91676],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,91661,3296],{"class":83},[47,91663,1514],{"class":586},[47,91665,590],{"class":83},[47,91667,4898],{"class":586},[47,91669,590],{"class":83},[47,91671,2382],{"class":586},[47,91673,590],{"class":83},[47,91675,1841],{"class":586},[47,91677,3030],{"class":83},[20,91679,91680,91681,9985,91683,91686],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,91682,59405],{},[15,91684,91685],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[33,91688,3915],{"id":3914},[20,91690,32947,91691,84],{},[15,91692,35602],{},[724,91694,91696],{"id":91695},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,91698,91699],{},"Many beginners think this:",[38,91701,91703],{"className":40,"code":91702,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,91704,91705],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91706,91707,91709,91711,91713,91715,91717,91719,91721,91723,91725],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91708,98],{"class":97},[47,91710,101],{"class":83},[47,91712,7492],{"class":919},[47,91714,101],{"class":83},[47,91716,59405],{"class":97},[47,91718,101],{"class":83},[47,91720,2377],{"class":586},[47,91722,590],{"class":83},[47,91724,4002],{"class":586},[47,91726,2300],{"class":83},[20,91728,91729],{},"will produce:",[38,91731,91733],{"className":40,"code":91732,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91734,91735],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91736,91737,91739,91741,91743,91745,91747,91749,91751,91753,91755,91757],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91738,3296],{"class":83},[47,91740,2377],{"class":586},[47,91742,590],{"class":83},[47,91744,2382],{"class":586},[47,91746,590],{"class":83},[47,91748,1841],{"class":586},[47,91750,590],{"class":83},[47,91752,1847],{"class":586},[47,91754,590],{"class":83},[47,91756,4002],{"class":586},[47,91758,3030],{"class":83},[20,91760,91761],{},"But the real output is:",[38,91763,91764],{"className":40,"code":52910,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91765,91766],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91767,91768,91770,91772,91774,91776,91778,91780,91782,91784],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91769,3296],{"class":83},[47,91771,2377],{"class":586},[47,91773,590],{"class":83},[47,91775,2382],{"class":586},[47,91777,590],{"class":83},[47,91779,1841],{"class":586},[47,91781,590],{"class":83},[47,91783,1847],{"class":586},[47,91785,3030],{"class":83},[20,91787,91788],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[724,91790,3976,91792,91794,91795],{"id":91791},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,91793,90256],{}," starts at ",[15,91796,2377],{},[20,91798,36872,91799,18365,91801,84],{},[15,91800,1514],{},[15,91802,2377],{},[38,91804,91805],{"className":40,"code":90449,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91806,91807],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91808,91809,91811,91813,91815,91817,91819,91821,91823],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91810,98],{"class":97},[47,91812,101],{"class":83},[47,91814,7492],{"class":919},[47,91816,101],{"class":83},[47,91818,59405],{"class":97},[47,91820,101],{"class":83},[47,91822,1531],{"class":586},[47,91824,2300],{"class":83},[20,91826,338],{},[38,91828,91829],{"className":40,"code":59428,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91830,91831],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91832,91833,91835,91837,91839,91841,91843,91845,91847,91849,91851,91853],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91834,3296],{"class":83},[47,91836,1514],{"class":586},[47,91838,590],{"class":83},[47,91840,4898],{"class":586},[47,91842,590],{"class":83},[47,91844,2382],{"class":586},[47,91846,590],{"class":83},[47,91848,1841],{"class":586},[47,91850,590],{"class":83},[47,91852,1847],{"class":586},[47,91854,3030],{"class":83},[724,91856,91858],{"id":91857},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,91860,91861,91862,1032],{},"This often happens with ",[15,91863,2346],{},[38,91865,91867],{"className":40,"code":91866,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,91868,91869,91888,91892,91909],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91870,91871,91874,91876,91878,91880,91882,91884,91886],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91872,91873],{"class":53},"user_number ",[47,91875,58],{"class":57},[47,91877,7640],{"class":97},[47,91879,101],{"class":83},[47,91881,253],{"class":61},[47,91883,41274],{"class":65},[47,91885,253],{"class":61},[47,91887,107],{"class":83},[47,91889,91890],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,91891,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,91893,91894,91896,91898,91900,91902,91904,91907],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,91895,5359],{"class":655},[47,91897,68954],{"class":53},[47,91899,3278],{"class":655},[47,91901,53475],{"class":97},[47,91903,101],{"class":83},[47,91905,91906],{"class":87},"user_number",[47,91908,7740],{"class":83},[47,91910,91911,91913,91915,91917],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,91912,684],{"class":97},[47,91914,101],{"class":83},[47,91916,35558],{"class":87},[47,91918,107],{"class":83},[20,91920,47914,91921,91923],{},[15,91922,2346],{}," returns a string.",[20,91925,10207],{},[38,91927,91929],{"className":40,"code":91928,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,91930,91931,91953,91957,91973],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91932,91933,91935,91937,91939,91941,91943,91945,91947,91949,91951],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91934,91873],{"class":53},[47,91936,58],{"class":57},[47,91938,44680],{"class":919},[47,91940,101],{"class":83},[47,91942,41866],{"class":97},[47,91944,101],{"class":83},[47,91946,253],{"class":61},[47,91948,41274],{"class":65},[47,91950,253],{"class":61},[47,91952,1419],{"class":83},[47,91954,91955],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,91956,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,91958,91959,91961,91963,91965,91967,91969,91971],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,91960,5359],{"class":655},[47,91962,68954],{"class":53},[47,91964,3278],{"class":655},[47,91966,53475],{"class":97},[47,91968,101],{"class":83},[47,91970,91906],{"class":87},[47,91972,7740],{"class":83},[47,91974,91975,91977,91979,91981],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,91976,684],{"class":97},[47,91978,101],{"class":83},[47,91980,35558],{"class":87},[47,91982,107],{"class":83},[20,91984,91985,91986,84],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[154,91987,49928,91988],{"href":49927},[15,91989,49931],{},[724,91991,91993,91994,91996,91997],{"id":91992},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,91995,35476],{}," smaller than ",[15,91998,74831],{},[20,92000,92001],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[38,92003,92004],{"className":40,"code":90931,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,92005,92006],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92007,92008,92010,92012,92014,92016,92018,92020,92022,92024,92026,92028,92030,92032],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92009,98],{"class":97},[47,92011,101],{"class":83},[47,92013,7492],{"class":919},[47,92015,101],{"class":83},[47,92017,59405],{"class":97},[47,92019,101],{"class":83},[47,92021,2377],{"class":586},[47,92023,590],{"class":83},[47,92025,4002],{"class":586},[47,92027,590],{"class":83},[47,92029,1612],{"class":57},[47,92031,2377],{"class":586},[47,92033,2300],{"class":83},[20,92035,338],{},[38,92037,92038],{"className":40,"code":37702,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,92039,92040],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92041,92042],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92043,37702],{"class":83},[20,92045,92046],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[724,92048,25020,92050],{"id":92049},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92051,92052],{},"step = 0",[20,92054,76974],{},[38,92056,92058],{"className":40,"code":92057,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92059,92060],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92061,92062,92064,92066,92068,92070,92072,92074,92076],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92063,59405],{"class":97},[47,92065,101],{"class":83},[47,92067,2377],{"class":586},[47,92069,590],{"class":83},[47,92071,5405],{"class":586},[47,92073,590],{"class":83},[47,92075,3230],{"class":586},[47,92077,107],{"class":83},[20,92079,92080],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[724,92082,4101,92084,92086],{"id":92083},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92085,35602],{}," is not a list",[20,92088,92089],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[38,92091,92093],{"className":40,"code":92092,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92094,92095],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92096,92097,92099,92101,92103,92105,92107],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92098,98],{"class":97},[47,92100,101],{"class":83},[47,92102,59405],{"class":97},[47,92104,101],{"class":83},[47,92106,1531],{"class":586},[47,92108,1419],{"class":83},[20,92110,338],{},[38,92112,92114],{"className":40,"code":92113,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92115,92116],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92117,92118,92120,92122,92124,92126,92128],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92119,59405],{"class":97},[47,92121,101],{"class":83},[47,92123,1514],{"class":586},[47,92125,590],{"class":83},[47,92127,4002],{"class":586},[47,92129,107],{"class":83},[20,92131,92132],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[38,92134,92135],{"className":40,"code":90449,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,92136,92137],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92138,92139,92141,92143,92145,92147,92149,92151,92153],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92140,98],{"class":97},[47,92142,101],{"class":83},[47,92144,7492],{"class":919},[47,92146,101],{"class":83},[47,92148,59405],{"class":97},[47,92150,101],{"class":83},[47,92152,1531],{"class":586},[47,92154,2300],{"class":83},[20,92156,338],{},[38,92158,92159],{"className":40,"code":59428,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,92160,92161],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92162,92163,92165,92167,92169,92171,92173,92175,92177,92179,92181,92183],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92164,3296],{"class":83},[47,92166,1514],{"class":586},[47,92168,590],{"class":83},[47,92170,4898],{"class":586},[47,92172,590],{"class":83},[47,92174,2382],{"class":586},[47,92176,590],{"class":83},[47,92178,1841],{"class":586},[47,92180,590],{"class":83},[47,92182,1847],{"class":586},[47,92184,3030],{"class":83},[33,92186,92188],{"id":92187},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92190,8272,92191,81745],{},[15,92192,35602],{},[38,92194,92196],{"className":40,"code":92195,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92197,92198,92212,92230,92252,92280],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92199,92200,92202,92204,92206,92208,92210],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92201,98],{"class":97},[47,92203,101],{"class":83},[47,92205,59405],{"class":97},[47,92207,101],{"class":83},[47,92209,1531],{"class":586},[47,92211,1419],{"class":83},[47,92213,92214,92216,92218,92220,92222,92224,92226,92228],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,92215,98],{"class":97},[47,92217,101],{"class":83},[47,92219,7492],{"class":919},[47,92221,101],{"class":83},[47,92223,59405],{"class":97},[47,92225,101],{"class":83},[47,92227,1531],{"class":586},[47,92229,2300],{"class":83},[47,92231,92232,92234,92236,92238,92240,92242,92244,92246,92248,92250],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,92233,98],{"class":97},[47,92235,101],{"class":83},[47,92237,7492],{"class":919},[47,92239,101],{"class":83},[47,92241,59405],{"class":97},[47,92243,101],{"class":83},[47,92245,1449],{"class":586},[47,92247,590],{"class":83},[47,92249,5760],{"class":586},[47,92251,2300],{"class":83},[47,92253,92254,92256,92258,92260,92262,92264,92266,92268,92270,92272,92274,92276,92278],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,92255,98],{"class":97},[47,92257,101],{"class":83},[47,92259,7492],{"class":919},[47,92261,101],{"class":83},[47,92263,59405],{"class":97},[47,92265,101],{"class":83},[47,92267,1719],{"class":586},[47,92269,590],{"class":83},[47,92271,3230],{"class":586},[47,92273,590],{"class":83},[47,92275,1612],{"class":57},[47,92277,1449],{"class":586},[47,92279,2300],{"class":83},[47,92281,92282,92284,92286,92288,92290,92292,92294,92296],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,92283,98],{"class":97},[47,92285,101],{"class":83},[47,92287,2613],{"class":919},[47,92289,101],{"class":83},[47,92291,59405],{"class":97},[47,92293,101],{"class":83},[47,92295,1531],{"class":586},[47,92297,2300],{"class":83},[20,92299,25412],{},[133,92301,92302,92305,92308],{},[136,92303,92304],{},"what values are being created",[136,92306,92307],{},"whether the direction is correct",[136,92309,92310,92311,24020],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92312,59405],{},[33,92314,1155],{"id":1154},[724,92316,1159,92318,92320],{"id":92317},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92319,35602],{}," include the last number?",[20,92322,92323],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[724,92325,4556,92327,92329,92330,1883],{"id":92326},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92328,90256],{}," start at ",[15,92331,1514],{},[20,92333,92334,92335,84],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92336,1514],{},[724,92338,4568,92340,92342],{"id":92339},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92341,35602],{}," count backward?",[20,92344,92345,92346,84],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92347,92348],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[724,92350,14305,92352,25447],{"id":92351},"is-range-a-list",[15,92353,35602],{},[20,92355,25450,92356,92358,92359,23341],{},[15,92357,59405],{}," object. Use ",[15,92360,92361],{},"list(range(...))",[724,92363,4556,92365,48088],{"id":92364},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92366,92367],{},"range(input())",[20,92369,92370,2876,92372,84],{},[15,92371,2346],{},[15,92373,92374],{},"int(input())",[33,92376,1275],{"id":1274},[133,92378,92379,92383,92389,92395,92401],{},[136,92380,92381],{},[154,92382,35432],{"href":35431},[136,92384,92385],{},[154,92386,2968,92387,2901],{"href":41761},[15,92388,41764],{},[136,92390,92391],{},[154,92392,2968,92393,2901],{"href":91425},[15,92394,35153],{},[136,92396,92397],{},[154,92398,36923,92399,36013],{"href":36009},[15,92400,35153],{},[136,92402,92403],{},[154,92404,49928,92405],{"href":49927},[15,92406,49931],{},[1320,92408,92409],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":92411},[92412,92413,92415,92421,92429,92436,92438,92450,92451,92463],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":90265,"depth":72,"text":92414},"What range() does",{"id":90358,"depth":72,"text":92416,"children":92417},"range() syntax",[92418,92419,92420],{"id":90438,"depth":94,"text":90441},{"id":90502,"depth":94,"text":90505},{"id":90570,"depth":94,"text":90573},{"id":90641,"depth":72,"text":90642,"children":92422},[92423,92424,92425,92426,92427],{"id":90648,"depth":94,"text":90256},{"id":90711,"depth":94,"text":90714},{"id":90775,"depth":94,"text":90778},{"id":90851,"depth":94,"text":90852},{"id":76218,"depth":94,"text":92428},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91010,"depth":72,"text":92430,"children":92431},"Using range() in a for loop",[92432,92433,92434],{"id":91112,"depth":94,"text":91113},{"id":91157,"depth":94,"text":91158},{"id":91237,"depth":94,"text":92435},"range() and indexing",{"id":91512,"depth":72,"text":92437},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":3914,"depth":72,"text":3915,"children":92439},[92440,92441,92443,92444,92446,92448],{"id":91695,"depth":94,"text":91696},{"id":91791,"depth":94,"text":92442},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":91857,"depth":94,"text":91858},{"id":91992,"depth":94,"text":92445},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92049,"depth":94,"text":92447},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92083,"depth":94,"text":92449},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92187,"depth":72,"text":92188},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":92452},[92453,92455,92457,92459,92461],{"id":92317,"depth":94,"text":92454},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92326,"depth":94,"text":92456},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92339,"depth":94,"text":92458},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92351,"depth":94,"text":92460},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92364,"depth":94,"text":92462},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90159,"description":92464},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92471,"title":92472,"body":92473,"description":94146,"extension":1354,"meta":94147,"navigation":311,"path":94148,"seo":94149,"stem":94150,"__hash__":94151},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92474,"toc":94119},[92475,92484,92491,92508,92524,92526,92575,92583,92587,92590,92610,92612,92676,92678,92721,92724,92770,92772,92805,92815,92821,92829,92846,92848,92879,92881,92906,92911,92922,92925,92995,92997,93028,93033,93038,93055,93057,93108,93110,93143,93146,93153,93158,93162,93178,93180,93224,93226,93272,93275,93288,93293,93297,93311,93313,93364,93366,93399,93404,93406,93413,93415,93438,93440,93505,93507,93524,93527,93560,93562,93590,93600,93607,93611,93614,93632,93635,93663,93666,93684,93689,93695,93698,93720,93722,93750,93752,93755,93780,93783,93896,93898,93977,93979,93985,93990,93998,94006,94010,94013,94015,94048,94050,94058,94064,94071,94078,94081,94083,94116],[10,92476,2968,92478,9985,92480,92483],{"id":92477},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,92479,35602],{},[15,92481,92482],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,92485,92486,1063,92488,92490],{},[15,92487,35602],{},[15,92489,92482],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[133,92492,92493,92501],{},[136,92494,92495,92497,92498],{},[15,92496,35602],{}," creates a ",[121,92499,92500],{},"range object",[136,92502,92503,92497,92505],{},[15,92504,92482],{},[121,92506,92507],{},"real list",[20,92509,92510,92511,92513,92514,92517,92518,92520,92521,92523],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,92512,90256],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,92515,92516],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,92519,35602],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,92522,92482],{}," when you actually need a list.",[33,92525,3002],{"id":3001},[38,92527,92529],{"className":40,"code":92528,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92530,92531,92545,92558],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92532,92533,92535,92537,92539,92541,92543],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92534,3012],{"class":53},[47,92536,58],{"class":57},[47,92538,53475],{"class":97},[47,92540,101],{"class":83},[47,92542,1531],{"class":586},[47,92544,107],{"class":83},[47,92546,92547,92549,92551,92553,92555],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,92548,98],{"class":97},[47,92550,101],{"class":83},[47,92552,3044],{"class":87},[47,92554,3057],{"class":83},[47,92556,92557],{"class":113},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[47,92559,92560,92562,92564,92566,92568,92570,92572],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,92561,98],{"class":97},[47,92563,101],{"class":83},[47,92565,7492],{"class":919},[47,92567,101],{"class":83},[47,92569,3044],{"class":87},[47,92571,4761],{"class":83},[47,92573,92574],{"class":113},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,92576,1486,92577,92579,92580,92582],{},[15,92578,35602],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,92581,92482],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[33,92584,92586],{"id":92585},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,92588,92589],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[133,92591,92592,92599,92604,92607],{},[136,92593,92594,21377,92596,92598],{},[15,92595,35602],{},[121,92597,92500],{},", not a list",[136,92600,92601,92603],{},[15,92602,92482],{}," converts that range object into a list",[136,92605,92606],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[136,92608,92609],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,92611,538],{},[38,92613,92615],{"className":40,"code":92614,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,92616,92617,92632,92651,92655,92665],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92618,92619,92622,92624,92626,92628,92630],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92620,92621],{"class":53},"r ",[47,92623,58],{"class":57},[47,92625,53475],{"class":97},[47,92627,101],{"class":83},[47,92629,1531],{"class":586},[47,92631,107],{"class":83},[47,92633,92634,92637,92639,92641,92643,92645,92647,92649],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,92635,92636],{"class":53},"lst ",[47,92638,58],{"class":57},[47,92640,21962],{"class":919},[47,92642,101],{"class":83},[47,92644,59405],{"class":97},[47,92646,101],{"class":83},[47,92648,1531],{"class":586},[47,92650,1419],{"class":83},[47,92652,92653],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,92654,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,92656,92657,92659,92661,92663],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,92658,98],{"class":97},[47,92660,101],{"class":83},[47,92662,59911],{"class":87},[47,92664,107],{"class":83},[47,92666,92667,92669,92671,92674],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,92668,98],{"class":97},[47,92670,101],{"class":83},[47,92672,92673],{"class":87},"lst",[47,92675,107],{"class":83},[20,92677,338],{},[38,92679,92681],{"className":40,"code":92680,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92682,92683,92697],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92684,92685,92687,92689,92691,92693,92695],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92686,59405],{"class":97},[47,92688,101],{"class":83},[47,92690,1514],{"class":586},[47,92692,590],{"class":83},[47,92694,4002],{"class":586},[47,92696,107],{"class":83},[47,92698,92699,92701,92703,92705,92707,92709,92711,92713,92715,92717,92719],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,92700,3296],{"class":83},[47,92702,1514],{"class":586},[47,92704,590],{"class":83},[47,92706,4898],{"class":586},[47,92708,590],{"class":83},[47,92710,2382],{"class":586},[47,92712,590],{"class":83},[47,92714,1841],{"class":586},[47,92716,590],{"class":83},[47,92718,1847],{"class":586},[47,92720,3030],{"class":83},[20,92722,92723],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[38,92725,92727],{"className":40,"code":92726,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,92728,92729,92747],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92730,92731,92733,92735,92737,92739,92741,92743,92745],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92732,98],{"class":97},[47,92734,101],{"class":83},[47,92736,2613],{"class":919},[47,92738,101],{"class":83},[47,92740,59405],{"class":97},[47,92742,101],{"class":83},[47,92744,1531],{"class":586},[47,92746,2300],{"class":83},[47,92748,92749,92751,92753,92755,92757,92759,92761,92763,92765,92767],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,92750,98],{"class":97},[47,92752,101],{"class":83},[47,92754,2613],{"class":919},[47,92756,101],{"class":83},[47,92758,7492],{"class":919},[47,92760,101],{"class":83},[47,92762,59405],{"class":97},[47,92764,101],{"class":83},[47,92766,1531],{"class":586},[47,92768,92769],{"class":83},"))))\n",[20,92771,338],{},[38,92773,92775],{"className":40,"code":92774,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,92776,92777,92791],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92778,92779,92781,92783,92785,92787,92789],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92780,2682],{"class":57},[47,92782,2685],{"class":1458},[47,92784,2688],{"class":61},[47,92786,59405],{"class":65},[47,92788,2693],{"class":61},[47,92790,2696],{"class":57},[47,92792,92793,92795,92797,92799,92801,92803],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,92794,2682],{"class":57},[47,92796,2685],{"class":1458},[47,92798,2688],{"class":61},[47,92800,7492],{"class":65},[47,92802,2693],{"class":61},[47,92804,2696],{"class":57},[20,92806,92807,92808,92810,92811,84],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,92809,35602],{}," works, see ",[154,92812,2968,92813,2901],{"href":92466},[15,92814,35602],{},[33,92816,128,92818,92820],{"id":92817},"what-range-gives-you",[15,92819,35602],{}," gives you",[20,92822,92823,92825,92826,92828],{},[15,92824,35602],{}," is most often used in ",[15,92827,5359],{}," loops.",[133,92830,92831,92834,92837,92840],{},[136,92832,92833],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[136,92835,92836],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[136,92838,92839],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[136,92841,92842,92843],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,92844,92845],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,92847,538],{},[38,92849,92851],{"className":40,"code":92850,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92852,92853,92869],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92854,92855,92857,92859,92861,92863,92865,92867],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92856,5359],{"class":655},[47,92858,68954],{"class":53},[47,92860,3278],{"class":655},[47,92862,53475],{"class":97},[47,92864,101],{"class":83},[47,92866,1531],{"class":586},[47,92868,7740],{"class":83},[47,92870,92871,92873,92875,92877],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,92872,684],{"class":97},[47,92874,101],{"class":83},[47,92876,35558],{"class":87},[47,92878,107],{"class":83},[20,92880,338],{},[38,92882,92884],{"className":40,"code":92883,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,92885,92886,92890,92894,92898,92902],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92887,92888],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92889,46656],{"class":586},[47,92891,92892],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,92893,46321],{"class":586},[47,92895,92896],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,92897,16458],{"class":586},[47,92899,92900],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,92901,46021],{"class":586},[47,92903,92904],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,92905,48054],{"class":586},[20,92907,20173,92908,92910],{},[15,92909,90256],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,92912,92913,92914,92916,92917,84],{},"This is one reason ",[15,92915,35602],{}," is so common with ",[154,92918,2968,92920,90287],{"href":92919},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,92921,5359],{},[20,92923,92924],{},"You can also inspect it:",[38,92926,92928],{"className":40,"code":92927,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,92929,92930,92952,92956,92966,92980],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92931,92932,92934,92936,92938,92940,92942,92944,92946,92948,92950],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92933,92621],{"class":53},[47,92935,58],{"class":57},[47,92937,53475],{"class":97},[47,92939,101],{"class":83},[47,92941,1449],{"class":586},[47,92943,590],{"class":83},[47,92945,5405],{"class":586},[47,92947,590],{"class":83},[47,92949,2382],{"class":586},[47,92951,107],{"class":83},[47,92953,92954],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,92955,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,92957,92958,92960,92962,92964],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,92959,98],{"class":97},[47,92961,101],{"class":83},[47,92963,59911],{"class":87},[47,92965,107],{"class":83},[47,92967,92968,92970,92972,92974,92976,92978],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,92969,98],{"class":97},[47,92971,101],{"class":83},[47,92973,10562],{"class":97},[47,92975,101],{"class":83},[47,92977,59911],{"class":87},[47,92979,1419],{"class":83},[47,92981,92982,92984,92986,92988,92990,92993],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,92983,98],{"class":97},[47,92985,101],{"class":83},[47,92987,79999],{"class":586},[47,92989,20575],{"class":655},[47,92991,92992],{"class":87}," r",[47,92994,107],{"class":83},[20,92996,338],{},[38,92998,93000],{"className":40,"code":92999,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93001,93002,93020,93024],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93003,93004,93006,93008,93010,93012,93014,93016,93018],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93005,59405],{"class":97},[47,93007,101],{"class":83},[47,93009,1449],{"class":586},[47,93011,590],{"class":83},[47,93013,5405],{"class":586},[47,93015,590],{"class":83},[47,93017,2382],{"class":586},[47,93019,107],{"class":83},[47,93021,93022],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,93023,48054],{"class":586},[47,93025,93026],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,93027,1264],{"class":1271},[33,93029,128,93031,92820],{"id":93030},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93032,92482],{},[20,93034,93035,93037],{},[15,93036,92482],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[133,93039,93040,93043,93046,93049],{},[136,93041,93042],{},"It creates all values at once",[136,93044,93045],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[136,93047,93048],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[136,93050,93051,93052,93054],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93053,35602],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93056,538],{},[38,93058,93060],{"className":40,"code":93059,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93061,93062,93080,93084,93094],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93063,93064,93066,93068,93070,93072,93074,93076,93078],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93065,3012],{"class":53},[47,93067,58],{"class":57},[47,93069,21962],{"class":919},[47,93071,101],{"class":83},[47,93073,59405],{"class":97},[47,93075,101],{"class":83},[47,93077,1531],{"class":586},[47,93079,1419],{"class":83},[47,93081,93082],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,93083,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,93085,93086,93088,93090,93092],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,93087,98],{"class":97},[47,93089,101],{"class":83},[47,93091,3044],{"class":87},[47,93093,107],{"class":83},[47,93095,93096,93098,93100,93102,93104,93106],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,93097,98],{"class":97},[47,93099,101],{"class":83},[47,93101,3044],{"class":87},[47,93103,3296],{"class":83},[47,93105,1449],{"class":586},[47,93107,3284],{"class":83},[20,93109,338],{},[38,93111,93113],{"className":40,"code":93112,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93114,93115,93139],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93116,93117,93119,93121,93123,93125,93127,93129,93131,93133,93135,93137],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93118,3296],{"class":83},[47,93120,1514],{"class":586},[47,93122,590],{"class":83},[47,93124,4898],{"class":586},[47,93126,590],{"class":83},[47,93128,2382],{"class":586},[47,93130,590],{"class":83},[47,93132,1841],{"class":586},[47,93134,590],{"class":83},[47,93136,1847],{"class":586},[47,93138,3030],{"class":83},[47,93140,93141],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,93142,16458],{"class":586},[20,93144,93145],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93147,93148,93149,84],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[154,93150,2968,93151,2901],{"href":64253},[15,93152,24184],{},[33,93154,603,93156],{"id":93155},"when-to-use-range",[15,93157,35602],{},[20,93159,1486,93160,10001],{},[15,93161,35602],{},[133,93163,93164,93169,93172,93175],{},[136,93165,93166,93167,91016],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93168,5359],{},[136,93170,93171],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[136,93173,93174],{},"You are working with large sequences",[136,93176,93177],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93179,538],{},[38,93181,93183],{"className":40,"code":93182,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93184,93185,93205],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93186,93187,93189,93191,93193,93195,93197,93199,93201,93203],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93188,5359],{"class":655},[47,93190,68954],{"class":53},[47,93192,3278],{"class":655},[47,93194,53475],{"class":97},[47,93196,101],{"class":83},[47,93198,2377],{"class":586},[47,93200,590],{"class":83},[47,93202,37048],{"class":586},[47,93204,7740],{"class":83},[47,93206,93207,93209,93211,93213,93216,93218,93220,93222],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,93208,684],{"class":97},[47,93210,101],{"class":83},[47,93212,253],{"class":61},[47,93214,93215],{"class":65},"Count:",[47,93217,253],{"class":61},[47,93219,590],{"class":83},[47,93221,35533],{"class":87},[47,93223,107],{"class":83},[20,93225,338],{},[38,93227,93229],{"className":40,"code":93228,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93230,93231,93240,93248,93256,93264],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93232,93233,93236,93238],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93234,93235],{"class":53},"Count",[47,93237,1032],{"class":83},[47,93239,29019],{"class":586},[47,93241,93242,93244,93246],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,93243,93235],{"class":53},[47,93245,1032],{"class":83},[47,93247,44993],{"class":586},[47,93249,93250,93252,93254],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,93251,93235],{"class":53},[47,93253,1032],{"class":83},[47,93255,1967],{"class":586},[47,93257,93258,93260,93262],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,93259,93235],{"class":53},[47,93261,1032],{"class":83},[47,93263,23066],{"class":586},[47,93265,93266,93268,93270],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,93267,93235],{"class":53},[47,93269,1032],{"class":83},[47,93271,34245],{"class":586},[20,93273,93274],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93276,93277,93278,93280,93281,61693,93283,84],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93279,35153],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93282,36003],{},[154,93284,36010,93286,36013],{"href":93285},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93287,35153],{},[33,93289,603,93291],{"id":93290},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93292,92482],{},[20,93294,1486,93295,10001],{},[15,93296,92482],{},[133,93298,93299,93302,93305,93308],{},[136,93300,93301],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[136,93303,93304],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[136,93306,93307],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[136,93309,93310],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93312,538],{},[38,93314,93316],{"className":40,"code":93315,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93317,93318,93336,93350,93354],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93319,93320,93322,93324,93326,93328,93330,93332,93334],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93321,3012],{"class":53},[47,93323,58],{"class":57},[47,93325,21962],{"class":919},[47,93327,101],{"class":83},[47,93329,59405],{"class":97},[47,93331,101],{"class":83},[47,93333,1531],{"class":586},[47,93335,1419],{"class":83},[47,93337,93338,93340,93342,93344,93346,93348],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,93339,3044],{"class":53},[47,93341,84],{"class":83},[47,93343,12954],{"class":87},[47,93345,101],{"class":83},[47,93347,1531],{"class":586},[47,93349,107],{"class":83},[47,93351,93352],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,93353,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,93355,93356,93358,93360,93362],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,93357,98],{"class":97},[47,93359,101],{"class":83},[47,93361,3044],{"class":87},[47,93363,107],{"class":83},[20,93365,338],{},[38,93367,93369],{"className":40,"code":93368,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93370,93371],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93372,93373,93375,93377,93379,93381,93383,93385,93387,93389,93391,93393,93395,93397],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93374,3296],{"class":83},[47,93376,1514],{"class":586},[47,93378,590],{"class":83},[47,93380,4898],{"class":586},[47,93382,590],{"class":83},[47,93384,2382],{"class":586},[47,93386,590],{"class":83},[47,93388,1841],{"class":586},[47,93390,590],{"class":83},[47,93392,1847],{"class":586},[47,93394,590],{"class":83},[47,93396,4002],{"class":586},[47,93398,3030],{"class":83},[20,93400,5461,93401,93403],{},[15,93402,3044],{}," is a list.",[33,93405,14999],{"id":14998},[20,93407,93408,93410,93411,84],{},[15,93409,35602],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[121,93412,37002],{},[20,93414,1501],{},[133,93416,93417,93419,93424,93429,93432],{},[136,93418,21387],{},[136,93420,93421,93422],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,93423,41764],{},[136,93425,93426,93427],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,93428,3278],{},[136,93430,93431],{},"You can index it",[136,93433,93434,93435,93437],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,93436,52057],{}," do not work on it",[20,93439,538],{},[38,93441,93443],{"className":40,"code":93442,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,93444,93445,93459,93463,93477,93491],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93446,93447,93449,93451,93453,93455,93457],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93448,92621],{"class":53},[47,93450,58],{"class":57},[47,93452,53475],{"class":97},[47,93454,101],{"class":83},[47,93456,1531],{"class":586},[47,93458,107],{"class":83},[47,93460,93461],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,93462,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,93464,93465,93467,93469,93471,93473,93475],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,93466,98],{"class":97},[47,93468,101],{"class":83},[47,93470,59911],{"class":87},[47,93472,3296],{"class":83},[47,93474,1449],{"class":586},[47,93476,3284],{"class":83},[47,93478,93479,93481,93483,93485,93487,93489],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,93480,98],{"class":97},[47,93482,101],{"class":83},[47,93484,10562],{"class":97},[47,93486,101],{"class":83},[47,93488,59911],{"class":87},[47,93490,1419],{"class":83},[47,93492,93493,93495,93497,93499,93501,93503],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,93494,98],{"class":97},[47,93496,101],{"class":83},[47,93498,1455],{"class":586},[47,93500,20575],{"class":655},[47,93502,92992],{"class":87},[47,93504,107],{"class":83},[20,93506,338],{},[38,93508,93510],{"className":40,"code":93509,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,93511,93512,93516,93520],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93513,93514],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93515,16458],{"class":586},[47,93517,93518],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,93519,2335],{"class":586},[47,93521,93522],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,93523,1264],{"class":1271},[20,93525,93526],{},"Now compare that with this:",[38,93528,93530],{"className":40,"code":93529,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,93531,93532,93546],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93533,93534,93536,93538,93540,93542,93544],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93535,92621],{"class":53},[47,93537,58],{"class":57},[47,93539,53475],{"class":97},[47,93541,101],{"class":83},[47,93543,1531],{"class":586},[47,93545,107],{"class":83},[47,93547,93548,93550,93552,93554,93556,93558],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,93549,59911],{"class":53},[47,93551,84],{"class":83},[47,93553,12954],{"class":87},[47,93555,101],{"class":83},[47,93557,1531],{"class":586},[47,93559,107],{"class":83},[20,93561,338],{},[38,93563,93565],{"className":40,"code":93564,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,93566,93567],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93568,93569,93571,93573,93575,93577,93579,93581,93584,93586,93588],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93570,25075],{"class":919},[47,93572,1032],{"class":83},[47,93574,2688],{"class":61},[47,93576,59405],{"class":65},[47,93578,2693],{"class":61},[47,93580,24020],{"class":919},[47,93582,93583],{"class":53}," has no attribute ",[47,93585,2693],{"class":61},[47,93587,12954],{"class":65},[47,93589,29104],{"class":61},[20,93591,93592,93593,712,93595,716,93597,93599],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,93594,52057],{},[15,93596,54934],{},[15,93598,63717],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,93601,93602,93603,84],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[154,93604,25083,93605],{"href":34823},[15,93606,33661],{},[33,93608,93610],{"id":93609},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,93612,93613],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[38,93615,93616],{"className":40,"code":92092,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,93617,93618],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93619,93620,93622,93624,93626,93628,93630],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93621,98],{"class":97},[47,93623,101],{"class":83},[47,93625,59405],{"class":97},[47,93627,101],{"class":83},[47,93629,1531],{"class":586},[47,93631,1419],{"class":83},[20,93633,93634],{},"to show:",[38,93636,93637],{"className":40,"code":59428,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,93638,93639],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93640,93641,93643,93645,93647,93649,93651,93653,93655,93657,93659,93661],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93642,3296],{"class":83},[47,93644,1514],{"class":586},[47,93646,590],{"class":83},[47,93648,4898],{"class":586},[47,93650,590],{"class":83},[47,93652,2382],{"class":586},[47,93654,590],{"class":83},[47,93656,1841],{"class":586},[47,93658,590],{"class":83},[47,93660,1847],{"class":586},[47,93662,3030],{"class":83},[20,93664,93665],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[38,93667,93668],{"className":40,"code":92113,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,93669,93670],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93671,93672,93674,93676,93678,93680,93682],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93673,59405],{"class":97},[47,93675,101],{"class":83},[47,93677,1514],{"class":586},[47,93679,590],{"class":83},[47,93681,4002],{"class":586},[47,93683,107],{"class":83},[20,93685,4025,93686,93688],{},[121,93687,123],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,93690,93691,93692,93694],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[121,93693,92500],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,93696,93697],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[38,93699,93700],{"className":40,"code":90449,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,93701,93702],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93703,93704,93706,93708,93710,93712,93714,93716,93718],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93705,98],{"class":97},[47,93707,101],{"class":83},[47,93709,7492],{"class":919},[47,93711,101],{"class":83},[47,93713,59405],{"class":97},[47,93715,101],{"class":83},[47,93717,1531],{"class":586},[47,93719,2300],{"class":83},[20,93721,338],{},[38,93723,93724],{"className":40,"code":59428,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,93725,93726],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93727,93728,93730,93732,93734,93736,93738,93740,93742,93744,93746,93748],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93729,3296],{"class":83},[47,93731,1514],{"class":586},[47,93733,590],{"class":83},[47,93735,4898],{"class":586},[47,93737,590],{"class":83},[47,93739,2382],{"class":586},[47,93741,590],{"class":83},[47,93743,1841],{"class":586},[47,93745,590],{"class":83},[47,93747,1847],{"class":586},[47,93749,3030],{"class":83},[33,93751,722],{"id":721},[20,93753,93754],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[133,93756,93757,93763,93766,93772],{},[136,93758,7816,93759,93762],{},[15,93760,93761],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[136,93764,93765],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[136,93767,93768,93769,93771],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,93770,35602],{}," is iterable but not a list",[136,93773,7816,93774,93776,93777,93779],{},[15,93775,92482],{}," when plain ",[15,93778,35602],{}," would be simpler",[20,93781,93782],{},"These quick checks can help:",[38,93784,93786],{"className":40,"code":93785,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,93787,93788,93802,93820,93838,93860,93878],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93789,93790,93792,93794,93796,93798,93800],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93791,98],{"class":97},[47,93793,101],{"class":83},[47,93795,59405],{"class":97},[47,93797,101],{"class":83},[47,93799,1531],{"class":586},[47,93801,1419],{"class":83},[47,93803,93804,93806,93808,93810,93812,93814,93816,93818],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,93805,98],{"class":97},[47,93807,101],{"class":83},[47,93809,7492],{"class":919},[47,93811,101],{"class":83},[47,93813,59405],{"class":97},[47,93815,101],{"class":83},[47,93817,1531],{"class":586},[47,93819,2300],{"class":83},[47,93821,93822,93824,93826,93828,93830,93832,93834,93836],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,93823,98],{"class":97},[47,93825,101],{"class":83},[47,93827,2613],{"class":919},[47,93829,101],{"class":83},[47,93831,59405],{"class":97},[47,93833,101],{"class":83},[47,93835,1531],{"class":586},[47,93837,2300],{"class":83},[47,93839,93840,93842,93844,93846,93848,93850,93852,93854,93856,93858],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,93841,98],{"class":97},[47,93843,101],{"class":83},[47,93845,2613],{"class":919},[47,93847,101],{"class":83},[47,93849,7492],{"class":919},[47,93851,101],{"class":83},[47,93853,59405],{"class":97},[47,93855,101],{"class":83},[47,93857,1531],{"class":586},[47,93859,92769],{"class":83},[47,93861,93862,93864,93866,93868,93870,93872,93874,93876],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,93863,98],{"class":97},[47,93865,101],{"class":83},[47,93867,1455],{"class":586},[47,93869,20575],{"class":655},[47,93871,53475],{"class":97},[47,93873,101],{"class":83},[47,93875,1531],{"class":586},[47,93877,1419],{"class":83},[47,93879,93880,93882,93884,93886,93888,93890,93892,93894],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,93881,98],{"class":97},[47,93883,101],{"class":83},[47,93885,10562],{"class":97},[47,93887,101],{"class":83},[47,93889,59405],{"class":97},[47,93891,101],{"class":83},[47,93893,1531],{"class":586},[47,93895,2300],{"class":83},[20,93897,338],{},[38,93899,93901],{"className":40,"code":93900,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,93902,93903,93917,93941,93955,93969,93973],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93904,93905,93907,93909,93911,93913,93915],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93906,59405],{"class":97},[47,93908,101],{"class":83},[47,93910,1514],{"class":586},[47,93912,590],{"class":83},[47,93914,4002],{"class":586},[47,93916,107],{"class":83},[47,93918,93919,93921,93923,93925,93927,93929,93931,93933,93935,93937,93939],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,93920,3296],{"class":83},[47,93922,1514],{"class":586},[47,93924,590],{"class":83},[47,93926,4898],{"class":586},[47,93928,590],{"class":83},[47,93930,2382],{"class":586},[47,93932,590],{"class":83},[47,93934,1841],{"class":586},[47,93936,590],{"class":83},[47,93938,1847],{"class":586},[47,93940,3030],{"class":83},[47,93942,93943,93945,93947,93949,93951,93953],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,93944,2682],{"class":57},[47,93946,2685],{"class":1458},[47,93948,2688],{"class":61},[47,93950,59405],{"class":65},[47,93952,2693],{"class":61},[47,93954,2696],{"class":57},[47,93956,93957,93959,93961,93963,93965,93967],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,93958,2682],{"class":57},[47,93960,2685],{"class":1458},[47,93962,2688],{"class":61},[47,93964,7492],{"class":65},[47,93966,2693],{"class":61},[47,93968,2696],{"class":57},[47,93970,93971],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,93972,1264],{"class":1271},[47,93974,93975],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,93976,2335],{"class":586},[33,93978,1155],{"id":1154},[724,93980,14305,93982,93984],{"id":93981},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,93983,35602],{}," a list in Python?",[20,93986,45769,93987,93989],{},[15,93988,35602],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[724,93991,93993,93994,10492,93996,1883],{"id":93992},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,93995,35602],{},[15,93997,92482],{},[20,93999,94000,94002,94003,94005],{},[15,94001,35602],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94004,92482],{}," creates a full list.",[724,94007,94009],{"id":94008},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94011,94012],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94014,538],{},[38,94016,94018],{"className":40,"code":94017,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94019,94020,94034],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94021,94022,94024,94026,94028,94030,94032],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94023,92621],{"class":53},[47,94025,58],{"class":57},[47,94027,53475],{"class":97},[47,94029,101],{"class":83},[47,94031,1531],{"class":586},[47,94033,107],{"class":83},[47,94035,94036,94038,94040,94042,94044,94046],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,94037,98],{"class":97},[47,94039,101],{"class":83},[47,94041,59911],{"class":87},[47,94043,3296],{"class":83},[47,94045,2377],{"class":586},[47,94047,3284],{"class":83},[20,94049,338],{},[38,94051,94052],{"className":40,"code":46321,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,94053,94054],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94055,94056],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94057,46321],{"class":586},[724,94059,4556,94061,94063],{"id":94060},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94062,93761],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94065,94066,94067,94070],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94068,94069],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[724,94072,94074,94075,94077],{"id":94073},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94076,35602],{}," to a list?",[20,94079,94080],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[33,94082,1275],{"id":1274},[133,94084,94085,94091,94097,94104,94110],{},[136,94086,94087],{},[154,94088,2968,94089,2901],{"href":92466},[15,94090,35602],{},[136,94092,94093],{},[154,94094,2968,94095,2901],{"href":64253},[15,94096,24184],{},[136,94098,94099],{},[154,94100,2968,94101,94103],{"href":92919},[15,94102,5359],{}," loops explained",[136,94105,94106],{},[154,94107,36923,94108,36013],{"href":93285},[15,94109,35153],{},[136,94111,94112],{},[154,94113,25526,94114],{"href":34823},[15,94115,33661],{},[1320,94117,94118],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":94120},[94121,94122,94123,94125,94127,94129,94131,94132,94133,94134,94145],{"id":3001,"depth":72,"text":3002},{"id":92585,"depth":72,"text":92586},{"id":92817,"depth":72,"text":94124},"What range() gives you",{"id":93030,"depth":72,"text":94126},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93155,"depth":72,"text":94128},"When to use range()",{"id":93290,"depth":72,"text":94130},"When to use list(range())",{"id":14998,"depth":72,"text":14999},{"id":93609,"depth":72,"text":93610},{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":94135},[94136,94138,94140,94141,94143],{"id":93981,"depth":94,"text":94137},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":93992,"depth":94,"text":94139},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94008,"depth":94,"text":94009},{"id":94060,"depth":94,"text":94142},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94073,"depth":94,"text":94144},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92472,"description":94146},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94153,"title":94154,"body":94155,"description":95589,"extension":1354,"meta":95590,"navigation":311,"path":95591,"seo":95592,"stem":95593,"__hash__":95594},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94156,"toc":95555},[94157,94163,94168,94171,94185,94188,94190,94229,94231,94244,94252,94257,94273,94276,94278,94280,94301,94318,94321,94380,94382,94401,94406,94412,94415,94449,94451,94464,94467,94512,94514,94537,94544,94550,94553,94594,94596,94610,94613,94671,94673,94688,94701,94707,94713,94778,94780,94799,94801,94819,94822,94826,94832,94834,94867,94869,94882,94892,94895,94956,94958,94979,94982,94984,95000,95005,95009,95014,95019,95075,95077,95095,95098,95143,95145,95153,95158,95162,95176,95178,95210,95212,95221,95223,95227,95236,95239,95271,95273,95285,95288,95290,95295,95336,95338,95346,95349,95372,95376,95378,95387,95390,95443,95445,95454,95458,95463,95474,95476,95485,95488,95494,95497,95503,95513,95521,95528,95530,95552],[10,94158,2968,94160,2972],{"id":94159},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94161,94162],{},"round()",[20,94164,8520,94165,94167],{},[15,94166,94162],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94169,94170],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[133,94172,94173,94179],{},[136,94174,94175,94178],{},[15,94176,94177],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[136,94180,94181,94184],{},[15,94182,94183],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94186,94187],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[33,94189,36],{"id":35},[38,94191,94193],{"className":40,"code":94192,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94194,94195,94211],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94196,94197,94199,94201,94204,94206,94209],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94198,98],{"class":97},[47,94200,101],{"class":83},[47,94202,94203],{"class":97},"round",[47,94205,101],{"class":83},[47,94207,94208],{"class":586},"3.14159",[47,94210,1419],{"class":83},[47,94212,94213,94215,94217,94219,94221,94223,94225,94227],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,94214,98],{"class":97},[47,94216,101],{"class":83},[47,94218,94203],{"class":97},[47,94220,101],{"class":83},[47,94222,94208],{"class":586},[47,94224,590],{"class":83},[47,94226,2382],{"class":586},[47,94228,1419],{"class":83},[20,94230,338],{},[38,94232,94234],{"className":40,"code":94233,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94235,94236,94240],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94237,94238],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94239,46021],{"class":586},[47,94241,94242],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,94243,39580],{"class":586},[20,94245,1486,94246,94248,94249,94251],{},[15,94247,94177],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94250,94183],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[33,94253,128,94255,131],{"id":94254},"what-round-does",[15,94256,94162],{},[133,94258,94259,94264,94267,94270],{},[136,94260,94261,94263],{},[15,94262,94162],{}," is a built-in Python function",[136,94265,94266],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[136,94268,94269],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[136,94271,94272],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94274,94275],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[33,94277,166],{"id":165},[20,94279,169],{},[38,94281,94283],{"className":40,"code":94282,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94284,94285],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94286,94287,94289,94291,94293,94296,94299],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94288,94203],{"class":97},[47,94290,101],{"class":83},[47,94292,878],{"class":87},[47,94294,94295],{"class":83},"[,",[47,94297,94298],{"class":87}," ndigits",[47,94300,3284],{"class":83},[133,94302,94303,94308,94313],{},[136,94304,94305,94307],{},[15,94306,878],{}," is the value to round",[136,94309,94310,19441],{},[15,94311,94312],{},"ndigits",[136,94314,94315,94317],{},[15,94316,94312],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94319,94320],{},"Basic examples:",[38,94322,94324],{"className":40,"code":94323,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94325,94326,94341,94359],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94327,94328,94330,94332,94334,94336,94339],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94329,98],{"class":97},[47,94331,101],{"class":83},[47,94333,94203],{"class":97},[47,94335,101],{"class":83},[47,94337,94338],{"class":586},"7.8",[47,94340,1419],{"class":83},[47,94342,94343,94345,94347,94349,94351,94353,94355,94357],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,94344,98],{"class":97},[47,94346,101],{"class":83},[47,94348,94203],{"class":97},[47,94350,101],{"class":83},[47,94352,94338],{"class":586},[47,94354,590],{"class":83},[47,94356,4898],{"class":586},[47,94358,1419],{"class":83},[47,94360,94361,94363,94365,94367,94369,94372,94374,94376,94378],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,94362,98],{"class":97},[47,94364,101],{"class":83},[47,94366,94203],{"class":97},[47,94368,101],{"class":83},[47,94370,94371],{"class":586},"1234",[47,94373,590],{"class":83},[47,94375,1612],{"class":57},[47,94377,1449],{"class":586},[47,94379,1419],{"class":83},[20,94381,338],{},[38,94383,94385],{"className":40,"code":94384,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94386,94387,94391,94396],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94388,94389],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94390,1770],{"class":586},[47,94392,94393],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,94394,94395],{"class":586},"7.8\n",[47,94397,94398],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,94399,94400],{"class":586},"1200\n",[20,94402,94403,94404,84],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[154,94405,1809],{"href":1808},[33,94407,7816,94409,94411],{"id":94408},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,94410,94162],{}," with one argument",[20,94413,94414],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[38,94416,94418],{"className":40,"code":94417,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,94419,94420,94434],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94421,94422,94424,94426,94428,94430,94432],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94423,98],{"class":97},[47,94425,101],{"class":83},[47,94427,94203],{"class":97},[47,94429,101],{"class":83},[47,94431,1751],{"class":586},[47,94433,1419],{"class":83},[47,94435,94436,94438,94440,94442,94444,94447],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,94437,98],{"class":97},[47,94439,101],{"class":83},[47,94441,94203],{"class":97},[47,94443,101],{"class":83},[47,94445,94446],{"class":586},"4.8",[47,94448,1419],{"class":83},[20,94450,338],{},[38,94452,94454],{"className":40,"code":94453,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"4\n5\n",[15,94455,94456,94460],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94457,94458],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94459,48054],{"class":586},[47,94461,94462],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,94463,2335],{"class":586},[20,94465,94466],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[38,94468,94470],{"className":40,"code":94469,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,94471,94472,94488,94498],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94473,94474,94476,94478,94481,94483,94486],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94475,75],{"class":53},[47,94477,58],{"class":57},[47,94479,94480],{"class":97}," round",[47,94482,101],{"class":83},[47,94484,94485],{"class":586},"10.2",[47,94487,107],{"class":83},[47,94489,94490,94492,94494,94496],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,94491,98],{"class":97},[47,94493,101],{"class":83},[47,94495,104],{"class":87},[47,94497,107],{"class":83},[47,94499,94500,94502,94504,94506,94508,94510],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,94501,98],{"class":97},[47,94503,101],{"class":83},[47,94505,2613],{"class":919},[47,94507,101],{"class":83},[47,94509,104],{"class":87},[47,94511,1419],{"class":83},[20,94513,338],{},[38,94515,94517],{"className":40,"code":94516,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,94518,94519,94523],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94520,94521],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94522,1765],{"class":586},[47,94524,94525,94527,94529,94531,94533,94535],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,94526,2682],{"class":57},[47,94528,2685],{"class":1458},[47,94530,2688],{"class":61},[47,94532,890],{"class":65},[47,94534,2693],{"class":61},[47,94536,2696],{"class":57},[20,94538,94539,94540,84],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[154,94541,2968,94542,2901],{"href":2263},[15,94543,2266],{},[33,94545,7816,94547,94549],{"id":94546},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,94548,94162],{}," with decimal places",[20,94551,94552],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[38,94554,94556],{"className":40,"code":94555,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,94557,94558,94576],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94559,94560,94562,94564,94566,94568,94570,94572,94574],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94561,98],{"class":97},[47,94563,101],{"class":83},[47,94565,94203],{"class":97},[47,94567,101],{"class":83},[47,94569,94208],{"class":586},[47,94571,590],{"class":83},[47,94573,2382],{"class":586},[47,94575,1419],{"class":83},[47,94577,94578,94580,94582,94584,94586,94588,94590,94592],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,94579,98],{"class":97},[47,94581,101],{"class":83},[47,94583,94203],{"class":97},[47,94585,101],{"class":83},[47,94587,94208],{"class":586},[47,94589,590],{"class":83},[47,94591,1841],{"class":586},[47,94593,1419],{"class":83},[20,94595,338],{},[38,94597,94599],{"className":40,"code":94598,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,94600,94601,94605],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94602,94603],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94604,39580],{"class":586},[47,94606,94607],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,94608,94609],{"class":586},"3.142\n",[20,94611,94612],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[38,94614,94616],{"className":40,"code":94615,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,94617,94618,94627,94646,94650,94660],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94619,94620,94622,94624],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94621,39790],{"class":53},[47,94623,58],{"class":57},[47,94625,94626],{"class":586}," 19.9876\n",[47,94628,94629,94632,94634,94636,94638,94640,94642,94644],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,94630,94631],{"class":53},"rounded_price ",[47,94633,58],{"class":57},[47,94635,94480],{"class":97},[47,94637,101],{"class":83},[47,94639,24553],{"class":87},[47,94641,590],{"class":83},[47,94643,2382],{"class":586},[47,94645,107],{"class":83},[47,94647,94648],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,94649,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,94651,94652,94654,94656,94658],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,94653,98],{"class":97},[47,94655,101],{"class":83},[47,94657,24553],{"class":87},[47,94659,107],{"class":83},[47,94661,94662,94664,94666,94669],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,94663,98],{"class":97},[47,94665,101],{"class":83},[47,94667,94668],{"class":87},"rounded_price",[47,94670,107],{"class":83},[20,94672,338],{},[38,94674,94676],{"className":40,"code":94675,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,94677,94678,94683],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94679,94680],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94681,94682],{"class":586},"19.9876\n",[47,94684,94685],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,94686,94687],{"class":586},"19.99\n",[20,94689,94690,94691,94694,94695,158,94697,84],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,94692,94693],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[154,94696,40295],{"href":40294},[154,94698,2968,94699,2901],{"href":2269},[15,94700,2272],{},[33,94702,94704,94705],{"id":94703},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,94706,94312],{},[20,94708,94709,94710,94712],{},"A negative ",[15,94711,94312],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[38,94714,94716],{"className":40,"code":94715,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,94717,94718,94738,94758],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94719,94720,94722,94724,94726,94728,94730,94732,94734,94736],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94721,98],{"class":97},[47,94723,101],{"class":83},[47,94725,94203],{"class":97},[47,94727,101],{"class":83},[47,94729,94371],{"class":586},[47,94731,590],{"class":83},[47,94733,1612],{"class":57},[47,94735,2377],{"class":586},[47,94737,1419],{"class":83},[47,94739,94740,94742,94744,94746,94748,94750,94752,94754,94756],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,94741,98],{"class":97},[47,94743,101],{"class":83},[47,94745,94203],{"class":97},[47,94747,101],{"class":83},[47,94749,94371],{"class":586},[47,94751,590],{"class":83},[47,94753,1612],{"class":57},[47,94755,1449],{"class":586},[47,94757,1419],{"class":83},[47,94759,94760,94762,94764,94766,94768,94770,94772,94774,94776],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,94761,98],{"class":97},[47,94763,101],{"class":83},[47,94765,94203],{"class":97},[47,94767,101],{"class":83},[47,94769,94371],{"class":586},[47,94771,590],{"class":83},[47,94773,1612],{"class":57},[47,94775,1455],{"class":586},[47,94777,1419],{"class":83},[20,94779,338],{},[38,94781,94783],{"className":40,"code":94782,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,94784,94785,94790,94794],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94786,94787],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94788,94789],{"class":586},"1230\n",[47,94791,94792],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,94793,94400],{"class":586},[47,94795,94796],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,94797,94798],{"class":586},"1000\n",[20,94800,64990],{},[133,94802,94803,94808,94814],{},[136,94804,94805,94807],{},[15,94806,65260],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[136,94809,94810,94813],{},[15,94811,94812],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[136,94815,94816,94818],{},[15,94817,47075],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,94820,94821],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[33,94823,94825],{"id":94824},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,94827,94828,94829,84],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,94830,94831],{},".5",[20,94833,4872],{},[38,94835,94837],{"className":40,"code":94836,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,94838,94839,94853],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94840,94841,94843,94845,94847,94849,94851],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94842,98],{"class":97},[47,94844,101],{"class":83},[47,94846,94203],{"class":97},[47,94848,101],{"class":83},[47,94850,40562],{"class":586},[47,94852,1419],{"class":83},[47,94854,94855,94857,94859,94861,94863,94865],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,94856,98],{"class":97},[47,94858,101],{"class":83},[47,94860,94203],{"class":97},[47,94862,101],{"class":83},[47,94864,1432],{"class":586},[47,94866,1419],{"class":83},[20,94868,338],{},[38,94870,94872],{"className":40,"code":94871,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"2\n4\n",[15,94873,94874,94878],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94875,94876],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94877,16458],{"class":586},[47,94879,94880],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,94881,48054],{"class":586},[20,94883,94884,94885,94888,94889,94891],{},"Python uses ",[121,94886,94887],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,94890,94831],{}," situations.",[20,94893,94894],{},"More examples:",[38,94896,94898],{"className":40,"code":94897,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,94899,94900,94914,94928,94942],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94901,94902,94904,94906,94908,94910,94912],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94903,98],{"class":97},[47,94905,101],{"class":83},[47,94907,94203],{"class":97},[47,94909,101],{"class":83},[47,94911,40575],{"class":586},[47,94913,1419],{"class":83},[47,94915,94916,94918,94920,94922,94924,94926],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,94917,98],{"class":97},[47,94919,101],{"class":83},[47,94921,94203],{"class":97},[47,94923,101],{"class":83},[47,94925,40562],{"class":586},[47,94927,1419],{"class":83},[47,94929,94930,94932,94934,94936,94938,94940],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,94931,98],{"class":97},[47,94933,101],{"class":83},[47,94935,94203],{"class":97},[47,94937,101],{"class":83},[47,94939,1432],{"class":586},[47,94941,1419],{"class":83},[47,94943,94944,94946,94948,94950,94952,94954],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,94945,98],{"class":97},[47,94947,101],{"class":83},[47,94949,94203],{"class":97},[47,94951,101],{"class":83},[47,94953,40527],{"class":586},[47,94955,1419],{"class":83},[20,94957,338],{},[38,94959,94961],{"className":40,"code":94960,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,94962,94963,94967,94971,94975],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94964,94965],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94966,16458],{"class":586},[47,94968,94969],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,94970,16458],{"class":586},[47,94972,94973],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,94974,48054],{"class":586},[47,94976,94977],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,94978,48054],{"class":586},[20,94980,94981],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,94983,10113],{},[133,94985,94986,94993],{},[136,94987,94988,1528,94991],{},[15,94989,94990],{},"round(2.5)",[15,94992,1449],{},[136,94994,94995,1528,94998],{},[15,94996,94997],{},"round(3.5)",[15,94999,1896],{},[20,95001,2560,95002,95004],{},[15,95003,94831],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[33,95006,95008],{"id":95007},"return-values","Return values",[20,95010,95011,95013],{},[15,95012,94162],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95015,40309,95016,95018],{},[121,95017,123],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[38,95020,95022],{"className":40,"code":95021,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95023,95024,95033,95037,95047,95065],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95025,95026,95028,95030],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95027,1836],{"class":53},[47,95029,58],{"class":57},[47,95031,95032],{"class":586}," 3.14159\n",[47,95034,95035],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95036,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,95038,95039,95041,95043,95045],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,95040,98],{"class":97},[47,95042,101],{"class":83},[47,95044,1863],{"class":87},[47,95046,107],{"class":83},[47,95048,95049,95051,95053,95055,95057,95059,95061,95063],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,95050,98],{"class":97},[47,95052,101],{"class":83},[47,95054,94203],{"class":97},[47,95056,101],{"class":83},[47,95058,1863],{"class":87},[47,95060,590],{"class":83},[47,95062,2382],{"class":586},[47,95064,1419],{"class":83},[47,95066,95067,95069,95071,95073],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,95068,98],{"class":97},[47,95070,101],{"class":83},[47,95072,1863],{"class":87},[47,95074,107],{"class":83},[20,95076,338],{},[38,95078,95080],{"className":40,"code":95079,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95081,95082,95087,95091],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95083,95084],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95085,95086],{"class":586},"3.14159\n",[47,95088,95089],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95090,39580],{"class":586},[47,95092,95093],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,95094,95086],{"class":586},[20,95096,95097],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[38,95099,95101],{"className":40,"code":95100,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95102,95103,95111,95129,95133],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95104,95105,95107,95109],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95106,1836],{"class":53},[47,95108,58],{"class":57},[47,95110,95032],{"class":586},[47,95112,95113,95115,95117,95119,95121,95123,95125,95127],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95114,1836],{"class":53},[47,95116,58],{"class":57},[47,95118,94480],{"class":97},[47,95120,101],{"class":83},[47,95122,1863],{"class":87},[47,95124,590],{"class":83},[47,95126,2382],{"class":586},[47,95128,107],{"class":83},[47,95130,95131],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,95132,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,95134,95135,95137,95139,95141],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,95136,98],{"class":97},[47,95138,101],{"class":83},[47,95140,1863],{"class":87},[47,95142,107],{"class":83},[20,95144,338],{},[38,95146,95147],{"className":40,"code":39580,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,95148,95149],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95150,95151],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95152,39580],{"class":586},[33,95154,603,95156],{"id":95155},"when-to-use-round",[15,95157,94162],{},[20,95159,1486,95160,5718],{},[15,95161,94162],{},[133,95163,95164,95167,95170,95173],{},[136,95165,95166],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[136,95168,95169],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[136,95171,95172],{},"Round values before reporting results",[136,95174,95175],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95177,4872],{},[38,95179,95181],{"className":40,"code":95180,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95182,95183,95192],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95184,95185,95187,95189],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95186,1985],{"class":53},[47,95188,58],{"class":57},[47,95190,95191],{"class":586}," 12.67891\n",[47,95193,95194,95196,95198,95200,95202,95204,95206,95208],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95195,98],{"class":97},[47,95197,101],{"class":83},[47,95199,94203],{"class":97},[47,95201,101],{"class":83},[47,95203,2008],{"class":87},[47,95205,590],{"class":83},[47,95207,2382],{"class":586},[47,95209,1419],{"class":83},[20,95211,338],{},[38,95213,95215],{"className":40,"code":95214,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"12.68\n",[15,95216,95217],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95218,95219],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95220,95214],{"class":586},[33,95222,722],{"id":721},[20,95224,22497,95225,84],{},[15,95226,94162],{},[724,95228,7852,95230,95232,95233,95235],{"id":95229},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95231,94162],{}," to always round ",[15,95234,94831],{}," upward",[20,95237,95238],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[38,95240,95241],{"className":40,"code":94836,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,95242,95243,95257],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95244,95245,95247,95249,95251,95253,95255],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95246,98],{"class":97},[47,95248,101],{"class":83},[47,95250,94203],{"class":97},[47,95252,101],{"class":83},[47,95254,40562],{"class":586},[47,95256,1419],{"class":83},[47,95258,95259,95261,95263,95265,95267,95269],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95260,98],{"class":97},[47,95262,101],{"class":83},[47,95264,94203],{"class":97},[47,95266,101],{"class":83},[47,95268,1432],{"class":586},[47,95270,1419],{"class":83},[20,95272,338],{},[38,95274,95275],{"className":40,"code":94871,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,95276,95277,95281],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95278,95279],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95280,16458],{"class":586},[47,95282,95283],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95284,48054],{"class":586},[20,95286,95287],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[724,95289,727],{"id":726},[20,95291,95292,95294],{},[15,95293,94162],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[38,95296,95298],{"className":40,"code":95297,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95299,95300,95308,95322,95326],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95301,95302,95304,95306],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95303,1836],{"class":53},[47,95305,58],{"class":57},[47,95307,95032],{"class":586},[47,95309,95310,95312,95314,95316,95318,95320],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95311,94203],{"class":97},[47,95313,101],{"class":83},[47,95315,1863],{"class":87},[47,95317,590],{"class":83},[47,95319,2382],{"class":586},[47,95321,107],{"class":83},[47,95323,95324],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,95325,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,95327,95328,95330,95332,95334],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,95329,98],{"class":97},[47,95331,101],{"class":83},[47,95333,1863],{"class":87},[47,95335,107],{"class":83},[20,95337,338],{},[38,95339,95340],{"className":40,"code":95086,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,95341,95342],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95343,95344],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95345,95086],{"class":586},[20,95347,95348],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[38,95350,95352],{"className":40,"code":95351,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95353,95354],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95355,95356,95358,95360,95362,95364,95366,95368,95370],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95357,1836],{"class":53},[47,95359,58],{"class":57},[47,95361,94480],{"class":97},[47,95363,101],{"class":83},[47,95365,1863],{"class":87},[47,95367,590],{"class":83},[47,95369,2382],{"class":586},[47,95371,107],{"class":83},[724,95373,95375],{"id":95374},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95377,15804],{},[38,95379,95381],{"className":40,"code":95380,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95382,95383],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95384,95385],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95386,95380],{"class":113},[20,95388,95389],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[38,95391,95393],{"className":40,"code":95392,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,95394,95395,95407,95421,95425],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95396,95397,95399,95401,95403,95405],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95398,54],{"class":53},[47,95400,58],{"class":57},[47,95402,62],{"class":61},[47,95404,39546],{"class":65},[47,95406,69],{"class":61},[47,95408,95409,95411,95413,95415,95417,95419],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95410,864],{"class":53},[47,95412,58],{"class":57},[47,95414,39658],{"class":919},[47,95416,101],{"class":83},[47,95418,565],{"class":87},[47,95420,107],{"class":83},[47,95422,95423],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,95424,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,95426,95427,95429,95431,95433,95435,95437,95439,95441],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,95428,98],{"class":97},[47,95430,101],{"class":83},[47,95432,94203],{"class":97},[47,95434,101],{"class":83},[47,95436,878],{"class":87},[47,95438,590],{"class":83},[47,95440,4898],{"class":586},[47,95442,1419],{"class":83},[20,95444,338],{},[38,95446,95448],{"className":40,"code":95447,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3.1\n",[15,95449,95450],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95451,95452],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95453,95447],{"class":586},[724,95455,95457],{"id":95456},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,95459,95460,95462],{},[15,95461,94162],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,95464,95465,95466,158,95470,84],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[154,95467,95468],{"href":2269},[15,95469,2272],{},[154,95471,95472],{"href":2263},[15,95473,2266],{},[33,95475,1155],{"id":1154},[724,95477,1159,95479,95481,95482,95484],{"id":95478},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,95480,94162],{}," always round ",[15,95483,39617],{}," up?",[20,95486,95487],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[724,95489,1159,95491,95493],{"id":95490},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,95492,94162],{}," change the original number?",[20,95495,95496],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[724,95498,4568,95500,95502],{"id":95499},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,95501,94162],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,95504,95505,95506,95508,95509,158,95511,84],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,95507,94312],{}," value like ",[15,95510,65260],{},[15,95512,94812],{},[724,95514,1190,95516,95518,95519,1883],{"id":95515},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,95517,94162],{}," on a string like ",[15,95520,47499],{},[20,95522,95523,95524,158,95526,84],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,95525,2272],{},[15,95527,2266],{},[33,95529,1275],{"id":1274},[133,95531,95532,95538,95544,95548],{},[136,95533,95534],{},[154,95535,2968,95536,2901],{"href":2269},[15,95537,2272],{},[136,95539,95540],{},[154,95541,2968,95542,2901],{"href":2263},[15,95543,2266],{},[136,95545,95546],{},[154,95547,1809],{"href":1808},[136,95549,95550],{},[154,95551,41584],{"href":40294},[1320,95553,95554],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":95556},[95557,95558,95560,95561,95563,95565,95567,95568,95569,95571,95578,95588],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":94254,"depth":72,"text":95559},"What round() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":94408,"depth":72,"text":95562},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":94546,"depth":72,"text":95564},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":94703,"depth":72,"text":95566},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":94824,"depth":72,"text":94825},{"id":95007,"depth":72,"text":95008},{"id":95155,"depth":72,"text":95570},"When to use round()",{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722,"children":95572},[95573,95575,95576,95577],{"id":95229,"depth":94,"text":95574},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":726,"depth":94,"text":727},{"id":95374,"depth":94,"text":95375},{"id":95456,"depth":94,"text":95457},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":95579},[95580,95582,95584,95586],{"id":95478,"depth":94,"text":95581},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95490,"depth":94,"text":95583},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95499,"depth":94,"text":95585},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":95515,"depth":94,"text":95587},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94154,"description":95589},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":95596,"title":95597,"body":95598,"description":96783,"extension":1354,"meta":96784,"navigation":311,"path":96785,"seo":96786,"stem":96787,"__hash__":96788},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":95599,"toc":96757},[95600,95607,95613,95616,95618,95667,95671,95696,95701,95706,95711,95725,95736,95738,95757,95759,95775,95778,95789,95791,95793,95854,95858,95891,95898,95905,95908,95941,95944,95948,95951,96004,96008,96029,96035,96042,96049,96110,96118,96195,96199,96211,96220,96222,96228,96234,96238,96291,96294,96352,96356,96364,96367,96371,96374,96384,96386,96483,96486,96497,96500,96543,96547,96571,96574,96580,96582,96586,96611,96613,96680,96689,96691,96697,96702,96706,96709,96713,96720,96724,96729,96731,96748,96754],[10,95601,95603,95604,18],{"id":95602},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,95605,95606],{},"add()",[20,95608,95609,95612],{},[15,95610,95611],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,95614,95615],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[33,95617,36],{"id":35},[38,95619,95621],{"className":40,"code":95620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,95622,95623,95643,95657],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95624,95625,95627,95629,95631,95633,95635,95637,95639,95641],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95626,3012],{"class":53},[47,95628,58],{"class":57},[47,95630,9890],{"class":83},[47,95632,2377],{"class":586},[47,95634,590],{"class":83},[47,95636,2382],{"class":586},[47,95638,590],{"class":83},[47,95640,1841],{"class":586},[47,95642,8707],{"class":83},[47,95644,95645,95647,95649,95651,95653,95655],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95646,3044],{"class":53},[47,95648,84],{"class":83},[47,95650,81511],{"class":87},[47,95652,101],{"class":83},[47,95654,1896],{"class":586},[47,95656,107],{"class":83},[47,95658,95659,95661,95663,95665],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,95660,98],{"class":97},[47,95662,101],{"class":83},[47,95664,3044],{"class":87},[47,95666,107],{"class":83},[20,95668,95669],{},[121,95670,338],{},[38,95672,95674],{"className":40,"code":95673,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,95675,95676],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95677,95678,95680,95682,95684,95686,95688,95690,95692,95694],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95679,8676],{"class":83},[47,95681,2377],{"class":586},[47,95683,590],{"class":83},[47,95685,2382],{"class":586},[47,95687,590],{"class":83},[47,95689,1841],{"class":586},[47,95691,590],{"class":83},[47,95693,1847],{"class":586},[47,95695,8707],{"class":83},[20,95697,1486,95698,95700],{},[15,95699,95606],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[33,95702,128,95704,131],{"id":95703},"what-setadd-does",[15,95705,95611],{},[20,95707,95708,95710],{},[15,95709,95611],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[133,95712,95713,95716,95719,95722],{},[136,95714,95715],{},"Adds one item to a set",[136,95717,95718],{},"Changes the original set in place",[136,95720,95721],{},"Does not return a new set",[136,95723,95724],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,95726,95727,95728,158,95732,84],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[154,95729,95731],{"href":95730},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[154,95733,95735],{"href":95734},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[33,95737,166],{"id":165},[38,95739,95741],{"className":40,"code":95740,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,95742,95743],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95744,95745,95747,95749,95751,95753,95755],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95746,15069],{"class":53},[47,95748,84],{"class":83},[47,95750,81511],{"class":87},[47,95752,101],{"class":83},[47,95754,22713],{"class":87},[47,95756,107],{"class":83},[20,95758,188],{},[133,95760,95761,95766,95769],{},[136,95762,55314,95763,95765],{},[15,95764,95606],{}," on an existing set",[136,95767,95768],{},"Pass exactly one item",[136,95770,95771,95772],{},"The item must be ",[121,95773,95774],{},"hashable",[20,95776,95777],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[133,95779,95780,95782,95784,95787],{},[136,95781,55867],{},[136,95783,55870],{},[136,95785,95786],{},"Tuples",[136,95788,39998],{},[33,95790,268],{"id":267},[20,95792,10876],{},[38,95794,95796],{"className":40,"code":95795,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,95797,95798,95822,95840,95844],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95799,95800,95802,95804,95806,95808,95810,95812,95814,95816,95818,95820],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95801,12476],{"class":53},[47,95803,58],{"class":57},[47,95805,9890],{"class":83},[47,95807,253],{"class":61},[47,95809,12493],{"class":65},[47,95811,253],{"class":61},[47,95813,590],{"class":83},[47,95815,62],{"class":61},[47,95817,12510],{"class":65},[47,95819,253],{"class":61},[47,95821,8707],{"class":83},[47,95823,95824,95826,95828,95830,95832,95834,95836,95838],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95825,16905],{"class":53},[47,95827,84],{"class":83},[47,95829,81511],{"class":87},[47,95831,101],{"class":83},[47,95833,253],{"class":61},[47,95835,16858],{"class":65},[47,95837,253],{"class":61},[47,95839,107],{"class":83},[47,95841,95842],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,95843,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,95845,95846,95848,95850,95852],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,95847,98],{"class":97},[47,95849,101],{"class":83},[47,95851,16905],{"class":87},[47,95853,107],{"class":83},[20,95855,95856],{},[121,95857,29434],{},[38,95859,95861],{"className":40,"code":95860,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,95862,95863],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95864,95865,95867,95869,95871,95873,95875,95877,95879,95881,95883,95885,95887,95889],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95866,8676],{"class":83},[47,95868,2693],{"class":61},[47,95870,12493],{"class":65},[47,95872,2693],{"class":61},[47,95874,590],{"class":83},[47,95876,2688],{"class":61},[47,95878,16858],{"class":65},[47,95880,2693],{"class":61},[47,95882,590],{"class":83},[47,95884,2688],{"class":61},[47,95886,12510],{"class":65},[47,95888,2693],{"class":61},[47,95890,8707],{"class":83},[20,95892,95893,95894,95897],{},"The new value ",[15,95895,95896],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,95899,95900,95901,95904],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[121,95902,95903],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,95906,95907],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[38,95909,95911],{"className":40,"code":95910,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,95912,95913],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95914,95915,95917,95919,95921,95923,95925,95927,95929,95931,95933,95935,95937,95939],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95916,8676],{"class":83},[47,95918,2693],{"class":61},[47,95920,12510],{"class":65},[47,95922,2693],{"class":61},[47,95924,590],{"class":83},[47,95926,2688],{"class":61},[47,95928,12493],{"class":65},[47,95930,2693],{"class":61},[47,95932,590],{"class":83},[47,95934,2688],{"class":61},[47,95936,16858],{"class":65},[47,95938,2693],{"class":61},[47,95940,8707],{"class":83},[20,95942,95943],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[33,95945,95947],{"id":95946},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,95949,95950],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[38,95952,95954],{"className":40,"code":95953,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,95955,95956,95976,95990,95994],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95957,95958,95960,95962,95964,95966,95968,95970,95972,95974],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95959,3012],{"class":53},[47,95961,58],{"class":57},[47,95963,9890],{"class":83},[47,95965,2377],{"class":586},[47,95967,590],{"class":83},[47,95969,2382],{"class":586},[47,95971,590],{"class":83},[47,95973,1841],{"class":586},[47,95975,8707],{"class":83},[47,95977,95978,95980,95982,95984,95986,95988],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95979,3044],{"class":53},[47,95981,84],{"class":83},[47,95983,81511],{"class":87},[47,95985,101],{"class":83},[47,95987,1449],{"class":586},[47,95989,107],{"class":83},[47,95991,95992],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,95993,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,95995,95996,95998,96000,96002],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,95997,98],{"class":97},[47,95999,101],{"class":83},[47,96001,3044],{"class":87},[47,96003,107],{"class":83},[20,96005,96006],{},[121,96007,338],{},[38,96009,96011],{"className":40,"code":96010,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96012,96013],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96014,96015,96017,96019,96021,96023,96025,96027],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96016,8676],{"class":83},[47,96018,2377],{"class":586},[47,96020,590],{"class":83},[47,96022,2382],{"class":586},[47,96024,590],{"class":83},[47,96026,1841],{"class":586},[47,96028,8707],{"class":83},[20,96030,96031,96032,96034],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96033,1449],{}," was already present.",[33,96036,96038,9985,96040],{"id":96037},"add-vs-update",[15,96039,95606],{},[15,96041,14356],{},[20,96043,1486,96044,96046,96047,84],{},[15,96045,95606],{}," when you want to add ",[121,96048,52061],{},[38,96050,96052],{"className":40,"code":96051,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96053,96054,96078,96096,96100],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96055,96056,96058,96060,96062,96064,96066,96068,96070,96072,96074,96076],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96057,35494],{"class":53},[47,96059,58],{"class":57},[47,96061,9890],{"class":83},[47,96063,253],{"class":61},[47,96065,154],{"class":65},[47,96067,253],{"class":61},[47,96069,590],{"class":83},[47,96071,62],{"class":61},[47,96073,4158],{"class":65},[47,96075,253],{"class":61},[47,96077,8707],{"class":83},[47,96079,96080,96082,96084,96086,96088,96090,96092,96094],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,96081,35547],{"class":53},[47,96083,84],{"class":83},[47,96085,81511],{"class":87},[47,96087,101],{"class":83},[47,96089,253],{"class":61},[47,96091,9138],{"class":65},[47,96093,253],{"class":61},[47,96095,107],{"class":83},[47,96097,96098],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,96099,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,96101,96102,96104,96106,96108],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,96103,98],{"class":97},[47,96105,101],{"class":83},[47,96107,35547],{"class":87},[47,96109,107],{"class":83},[20,96111,1486,96112,96046,96114,96117],{},[15,96113,14356],{},[121,96115,96116],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[38,96119,96121],{"className":40,"code":96120,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96122,96123,96147,96181,96185],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96124,96125,96127,96129,96131,96133,96135,96137,96139,96141,96143,96145],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96126,35494],{"class":53},[47,96128,58],{"class":57},[47,96130,9890],{"class":83},[47,96132,253],{"class":61},[47,96134,154],{"class":65},[47,96136,253],{"class":61},[47,96138,590],{"class":83},[47,96140,62],{"class":61},[47,96142,4158],{"class":65},[47,96144,253],{"class":61},[47,96146,8707],{"class":83},[47,96148,96149,96151,96153,96155,96157,96159,96161,96163,96165,96167,96169,96171,96173,96175,96177,96179],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,96150,35547],{"class":53},[47,96152,84],{"class":83},[47,96154,29869],{"class":87},[47,96156,2374],{"class":83},[47,96158,253],{"class":61},[47,96160,9138],{"class":65},[47,96162,253],{"class":61},[47,96164,590],{"class":83},[47,96166,62],{"class":61},[47,96168,18170],{"class":65},[47,96170,253],{"class":61},[47,96172,590],{"class":83},[47,96174,62],{"class":61},[47,96176,59853],{"class":65},[47,96178,253],{"class":61},[47,96180,3284],{"class":83},[47,96182,96183],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,96184,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,96186,96187,96189,96191,96193],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,96188,98],{"class":97},[47,96190,101],{"class":83},[47,96192,35547],{"class":87},[47,96194,107],{"class":83},[724,96196,96198],{"id":96197},"key-difference","Key difference",[133,96200,96201,96206],{},[136,96202,96203,96205],{},[15,96204,95606],{}," adds one item",[136,96207,96208,96210],{},[15,96209,14356],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96212,96213,96214,84],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[154,96215,96217,96218,1289],{"href":96216},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96219,14356],{},[33,96221,16821],{"id":16820},[20,96223,96224,1786,96226,84],{},[15,96225,95611],{},[15,96227,3174],{},[20,96229,96230,96231,96233],{},"That means you should ",[121,96232,123],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[724,96235,96237],{"id":96236},"correct","Correct",[38,96239,96241],{"className":40,"code":96240,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96242,96243,96263,96277,96281],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96244,96245,96247,96249,96251,96253,96255,96257,96259,96261],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96246,15031],{"class":53},[47,96248,58],{"class":57},[47,96250,9890],{"class":83},[47,96252,2377],{"class":586},[47,96254,590],{"class":83},[47,96256,2382],{"class":586},[47,96258,590],{"class":83},[47,96260,1841],{"class":586},[47,96262,8707],{"class":83},[47,96264,96265,96267,96269,96271,96273,96275],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,96266,15069],{"class":53},[47,96268,84],{"class":83},[47,96270,81511],{"class":87},[47,96272,101],{"class":83},[47,96274,1896],{"class":586},[47,96276,107],{"class":83},[47,96278,96279],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,96280,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,96282,96283,96285,96287,96289],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,96284,98],{"class":97},[47,96286,101],{"class":83},[47,96288,15069],{"class":87},[47,96290,107],{"class":83},[724,96292,96293],{"id":61174},"Wrong",[38,96295,96297],{"className":40,"code":96296,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96298,96299,96319,96338,96342],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96300,96301,96303,96305,96307,96309,96311,96313,96315,96317],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96302,15031],{"class":53},[47,96304,58],{"class":57},[47,96306,9890],{"class":83},[47,96308,2377],{"class":586},[47,96310,590],{"class":83},[47,96312,2382],{"class":586},[47,96314,590],{"class":83},[47,96316,1841],{"class":586},[47,96318,8707],{"class":83},[47,96320,96321,96323,96325,96328,96330,96332,96334,96336],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,96322,15031],{"class":53},[47,96324,58],{"class":57},[47,96326,96327],{"class":53}," my_set",[47,96329,84],{"class":83},[47,96331,81511],{"class":87},[47,96333,101],{"class":83},[47,96335,1896],{"class":586},[47,96337,107],{"class":83},[47,96339,96340],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,96341,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,96343,96344,96346,96348,96350],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,96345,98],{"class":97},[47,96347,101],{"class":83},[47,96349,15069],{"class":87},[47,96351,107],{"class":83},[20,96353,96354],{},[121,96355,338],{},[38,96357,96358],{"className":40,"code":11207,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,96359,96360],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96361,96362],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96363,11207],{"class":1271},[20,96365,96366],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[33,96368,96370],{"id":96369},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96372,96373],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[133,96375,96376,96378,96380,96382],{},[136,96377,55867],{},[136,96379,55870],{},[136,96381,95786],{},[136,96383,39998],{},[20,96385,538],{},[38,96387,96389],{"className":40,"code":96388,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96390,96391,96401,96405,96419,96437,96455,96469,96473],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96392,96393,96395,96397,96399],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96394,7178],{"class":53},[47,96396,58],{"class":57},[47,96398,15036],{"class":919},[47,96400,91],{"class":83},[47,96402,96403],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,96404,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,96406,96407,96409,96411,96413,96415,96417],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,96408,7209],{"class":53},[47,96410,84],{"class":83},[47,96412,81511],{"class":87},[47,96414,101],{"class":83},[47,96416,1719],{"class":586},[47,96418,107],{"class":83},[47,96420,96421,96423,96425,96427,96429,96431,96433,96435],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,96422,7209],{"class":53},[47,96424,84],{"class":83},[47,96426,81511],{"class":87},[47,96428,101],{"class":83},[47,96430,253],{"class":61},[47,96432,256],{"class":65},[47,96434,253],{"class":61},[47,96436,107],{"class":83},[47,96438,96439,96441,96443,96445,96447,96449,96451,96453],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,96440,7209],{"class":53},[47,96442,84],{"class":83},[47,96444,81511],{"class":87},[47,96446,4911],{"class":83},[47,96448,2377],{"class":586},[47,96450,590],{"class":83},[47,96452,2382],{"class":586},[47,96454,1419],{"class":83},[47,96456,96457,96459,96461,96463,96465,96467],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,96458,7209],{"class":53},[47,96460,84],{"class":83},[47,96462,81511],{"class":87},[47,96464,101],{"class":83},[47,96466,2997],{"class":1271},[47,96468,107],{"class":83},[47,96470,96471],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,96472,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,96474,96475,96477,96479,96481],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,96476,98],{"class":97},[47,96478,101],{"class":83},[47,96480,7209],{"class":87},[47,96482,107],{"class":83},[20,96484,96485],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[133,96487,96488,96491,96494],{},[136,96489,96490],{},"Lists",[136,96492,96493],{},"Dictionaries",[136,96495,96496],{},"Sets",[20,96498,96499],{},"Example that causes an error:",[38,96501,96503],{"className":40,"code":96502,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,96504,96505,96525],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96506,96507,96509,96511,96513,96515,96517,96519,96521,96523],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96508,7178],{"class":53},[47,96510,58],{"class":57},[47,96512,9890],{"class":83},[47,96514,2377],{"class":586},[47,96516,590],{"class":83},[47,96518,2382],{"class":586},[47,96520,590],{"class":83},[47,96522,1841],{"class":586},[47,96524,8707],{"class":83},[47,96526,96527,96529,96531,96533,96535,96537,96539,96541],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,96528,7209],{"class":53},[47,96530,84],{"class":83},[47,96532,81511],{"class":87},[47,96534,2374],{"class":83},[47,96536,1896],{"class":586},[47,96538,590],{"class":83},[47,96540,4002],{"class":586},[47,96542,3284],{"class":83},[20,96544,96545],{},[121,96546,29085],{},[38,96548,96550],{"className":40,"code":96549,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,96551,96552],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96553,96554,96556,96558,96561,96563,96565,96567,96569],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96555,2395],{"class":919},[47,96557,1032],{"class":83},[47,96559,96560],{"class":53}," unhashable ",[47,96562,2613],{"class":919},[47,96564,1032],{"class":83},[47,96566,2688],{"class":61},[47,96568,7492],{"class":65},[47,96570,29104],{"class":61},[20,96572,96573],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,96575,96576,96577,84],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,96578,96579],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[33,96581,722],{"id":721},[20,96583,14135,96584,1032],{},[15,96585,95611],{},[133,96587,96588,96593,96598,96601,96608],{},[136,96589,7816,96590,96592],{},[15,96591,95606],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[136,96594,7852,96595,96597],{},[15,96596,95606],{}," to return the updated set",[136,96599,96600],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[136,96602,946,96603,96605,96606],{},[15,96604,95611],{}," with list ",[15,96607,52057],{},[136,96609,96610],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,96612,70911],{},[38,96614,96616],{"className":40,"code":96615,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,96617,96618,96628,96642,96652,96666],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96619,96620,96622,96624,96626],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96621,98],{"class":97},[47,96623,101],{"class":83},[47,96625,15069],{"class":87},[47,96627,107],{"class":83},[47,96629,96630,96632,96634,96636,96638,96640],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,96631,98],{"class":97},[47,96633,101],{"class":83},[47,96635,2613],{"class":919},[47,96637,101],{"class":83},[47,96639,15069],{"class":87},[47,96641,1419],{"class":83},[47,96643,96644,96646,96648,96650],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,96645,98],{"class":97},[47,96647,101],{"class":83},[47,96649,1863],{"class":87},[47,96651,107],{"class":83},[47,96653,96654,96656,96658,96660,96662,96664],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,96655,98],{"class":97},[47,96657,101],{"class":83},[47,96659,2613],{"class":919},[47,96661,101],{"class":83},[47,96663,1863],{"class":87},[47,96665,1419],{"class":83},[47,96667,96668,96670,96672,96674,96676,96678],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,96669,31558],{"class":97},[47,96671,101],{"class":83},[47,96673,5687],{"class":919},[47,96675,84],{"class":83},[47,96677,81511],{"class":24153},[47,96679,107],{"class":83},[20,96681,96682,96683,96685,96686,84],{},"Also remember that ",[15,96684,95611],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[154,96687,52454],{"href":96688},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[33,96690,1155],{"id":1154},[724,96692,1159,96694,96696],{"id":96693},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,96695,95611],{}," return a new set?",[20,96698,96699,96700,84],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,96701,3174],{},[724,96703,96705],{"id":96704},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,96707,96708],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[724,96710,96712],{"id":96711},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,96714,1486,96715,10492,96718,84],{},[15,96716,96717],{},"set.update()",[15,96719,95606],{},[724,96721,96723],{"id":96722},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,96725,96726,96727,84],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,96728,2395],{},[33,96730,1275],{"id":1274},[133,96732,96733,96737,96742],{},[136,96734,96735],{},[154,96736,95731],{"href":95730},[136,96738,96739],{},[154,96740,96741],{"href":95734},"How to create a set in Python",[136,96743,96744],{},[154,96745,96217,96746,1289],{"href":96216},[15,96747,14356],{},[20,96749,96750,96751,96753],{},"Once you understand ",[15,96752,95606],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1320,96755,96756],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":96758},[96759,96760,96762,96763,96764,96765,96769,96773,96774,96775,96782],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":95703,"depth":72,"text":96761},"What set.add() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":267,"depth":72,"text":268},{"id":95946,"depth":72,"text":95947},{"id":96037,"depth":72,"text":96766,"children":96767},"add() vs update()",[96768],{"id":96197,"depth":94,"text":96198},{"id":16820,"depth":72,"text":16821,"children":96770},[96771,96772],{"id":96236,"depth":94,"text":96237},{"id":61174,"depth":94,"text":96293},{"id":96369,"depth":72,"text":96370},{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":96776},[96777,96779,96780,96781],{"id":96693,"depth":94,"text":96778},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":96704,"depth":94,"text":96705},{"id":96711,"depth":94,"text":96712},{"id":96722,"depth":94,"text":96723},{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":95597,"description":96783},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":96790,"title":96791,"body":96792,"description":97960,"extension":1354,"meta":97961,"navigation":311,"path":97962,"seo":97963,"stem":97964,"__hash__":97965},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":96793,"toc":97927},[96794,96799,96805,96812,96857,96859,96870,96875,96880,96884,96898,96903,96905,96907,96922,96924,96937,96939,96941,97006,97008,97018,97020,97038,97044,97051,97056,97130,97132,97149,97155,97160,97231,97233,97260,97277,97280,97286,97288,97295,97299,97366,97368,97383,97386,97439,97441,97449,97461,97463,97467,97472,97474,97523,97525,97533,97535,97580,97582,97592,97598,97606,97619,97625,97627,97656,97658,97676,97680,97683,97714,97716,97734,97738,97813,97815,97831,97838,97840,97845,97850,97856,97859,97863,97871,97878,97886,97888,97924],[10,96795,95603,96797,18],{"id":96796},"python-set-clear-method",[15,96798,10722],{},[20,96800,96801,96804],{},[15,96802,96803],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,96806,96807,96808,96811],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[121,96809,96810],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[38,96813,96815],{"className":40,"code":96814,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96816,96817,96837,96847],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96818,96819,96821,96823,96825,96827,96829,96831,96833,96835],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96820,3012],{"class":53},[47,96822,58],{"class":57},[47,96824,9890],{"class":83},[47,96826,2377],{"class":586},[47,96828,590],{"class":83},[47,96830,2382],{"class":586},[47,96832,590],{"class":83},[47,96834,1841],{"class":586},[47,96836,8707],{"class":83},[47,96838,96839,96841,96843,96845],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,96840,3044],{"class":53},[47,96842,84],{"class":83},[47,96844,10783],{"class":87},[47,96846,91],{"class":83},[47,96848,96849,96851,96853,96855],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,96850,98],{"class":97},[47,96852,101],{"class":83},[47,96854,3044],{"class":87},[47,96856,107],{"class":83},[20,96858,338],{},[38,96860,96862],{"className":40,"code":96861,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set()\n",[15,96863,96864],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96865,96866,96868],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96867,5687],{"class":919},[47,96869,91],{"class":83},[20,96871,96872,96874],{},[15,96873,10722],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[33,96876,128,96878,131],{"id":96877},"what-setclear-does",[15,96879,96803],{},[20,96881,1371,96882,10813],{},[15,96883,10722],{},[133,96885,96886,96889,96891,96895],{},[136,96887,96888],{},"Removes every item from a set",[136,96890,95718],{},[136,96892,10824,96893],{},[15,96894,3174],{},[136,96896,96897],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,96899,95727,96900,71010],{},[154,96901,95731],{"href":96902},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[33,96904,166],{"id":165},[20,96906,53852],{},[38,96908,96910],{"className":40,"code":96909,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,96911,96912],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96913,96914,96916,96918,96920],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96915,15069],{"class":53},[47,96917,84],{"class":83},[47,96919,10783],{"class":87},[47,96921,91],{"class":83},[20,96923,12452],{},[133,96925,96926,96928,96931,96934],{},[136,96927,193],{},[136,96929,96930],{},"It empties the set",[136,96932,96933],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[136,96935,96936],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[33,96938,268],{"id":267},[20,96940,10876],{},[38,96942,96944],{"className":40,"code":96943,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96945,96946,96978,96982,96992,96996],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96947,96948,96950,96952,96954,96956,96958,96960,96962,96964,96966,96968,96970,96972,96974,96976],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96949,12476],{"class":53},[47,96951,58],{"class":57},[47,96953,9890],{"class":83},[47,96955,253],{"class":61},[47,96957,12493],{"class":65},[47,96959,253],{"class":61},[47,96961,590],{"class":83},[47,96963,62],{"class":61},[47,96965,16858],{"class":65},[47,96967,253],{"class":61},[47,96969,590],{"class":83},[47,96971,62],{"class":61},[47,96973,12510],{"class":65},[47,96975,253],{"class":61},[47,96977,8707],{"class":83},[47,96979,96980],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,96981,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,96983,96984,96986,96988,96990],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,96985,16905],{"class":53},[47,96987,84],{"class":83},[47,96989,10783],{"class":87},[47,96991,91],{"class":83},[47,96993,96994],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,96995,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,96997,96998,97000,97002,97004],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,96999,98],{"class":97},[47,97001,101],{"class":83},[47,97003,16905],{"class":87},[47,97005,107],{"class":83},[20,97007,338],{},[38,97009,97010],{"className":40,"code":96861,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,97011,97012],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97013,97014,97016],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97015,5687],{"class":919},[47,97017,91],{"class":83},[20,97019,11082],{},[133,97021,97022,97027,97032],{},[136,97023,97024,97026],{},[15,97025,16905],{}," starts with three values",[136,97028,97029,11095],{},[15,97030,97031],{},"colors.clear()",[136,97033,97034,97035,97037],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97036,3193],{},", which means an empty set",[33,97039,97041,97043],{"id":97040},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97042,10722],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97045,97046,1063,97048,97050],{},[15,97047,10722],{},[15,97049,3193],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[724,97052,7816,97054],{"id":97053},"using-clear",[15,97055,10722],{},[38,97057,97059],{"className":40,"code":97058,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97060,97061,97081,97091,97095,97105,97109,97119],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97062,97063,97065,97067,97069,97071,97073,97075,97077,97079],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97064,7178],{"class":53},[47,97066,58],{"class":57},[47,97068,9890],{"class":83},[47,97070,2377],{"class":586},[47,97072,590],{"class":83},[47,97074,2382],{"class":586},[47,97076,590],{"class":83},[47,97078,1841],{"class":586},[47,97080,8707],{"class":83},[47,97082,97083,97086,97088],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,97084,97085],{"class":53},"other_name ",[47,97087,58],{"class":57},[47,97089,97090],{"class":53}," items\n",[47,97092,97093],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,97094,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,97096,97097,97099,97101,97103],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,97098,7209],{"class":53},[47,97100,84],{"class":83},[47,97102,10783],{"class":87},[47,97104,91],{"class":83},[47,97106,97107],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,97108,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,97110,97111,97113,97115,97117],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,97112,98],{"class":97},[47,97114,101],{"class":83},[47,97116,7209],{"class":87},[47,97118,107],{"class":83},[47,97120,97121,97123,97125,97128],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,97122,98],{"class":97},[47,97124,101],{"class":83},[47,97126,97127],{"class":87},"other_name",[47,97129,107],{"class":83},[20,97131,338],{},[38,97133,97135],{"className":40,"code":97134,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97136,97137,97143],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97138,97139,97141],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97140,5687],{"class":919},[47,97142,91],{"class":83},[47,97144,97145,97147],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,97146,5687],{"class":919},[47,97148,91],{"class":83},[20,97150,97151,97152,84],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[121,97153,97154],{},"same set object",[724,97156,7816,97158],{"id":97157},"using-set",[15,97159,3193],{},[38,97161,97163],{"className":40,"code":97162,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97164,97165,97185,97193,97197,97207,97211,97221],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97166,97167,97169,97171,97173,97175,97177,97179,97181,97183],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97168,7178],{"class":53},[47,97170,58],{"class":57},[47,97172,9890],{"class":83},[47,97174,2377],{"class":586},[47,97176,590],{"class":83},[47,97178,2382],{"class":586},[47,97180,590],{"class":83},[47,97182,1841],{"class":586},[47,97184,8707],{"class":83},[47,97186,97187,97189,97191],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,97188,97085],{"class":53},[47,97190,58],{"class":57},[47,97192,97090],{"class":53},[47,97194,97195],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,97196,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,97198,97199,97201,97203,97205],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,97200,7178],{"class":53},[47,97202,58],{"class":57},[47,97204,15036],{"class":919},[47,97206,91],{"class":83},[47,97208,97209],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,97210,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,97212,97213,97215,97217,97219],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,97214,98],{"class":97},[47,97216,101],{"class":83},[47,97218,7209],{"class":87},[47,97220,107],{"class":83},[47,97222,97223,97225,97227,97229],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,97224,98],{"class":97},[47,97226,101],{"class":83},[47,97228,97127],{"class":87},[47,97230,107],{"class":83},[20,97232,338],{},[38,97234,97236],{"className":40,"code":97235,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97237,97238,97244],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97239,97240,97242],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97241,5687],{"class":919},[47,97243,91],{"class":83},[47,97245,97246,97248,97250,97252,97254,97256,97258],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,97247,8676],{"class":83},[47,97249,2377],{"class":586},[47,97251,590],{"class":83},[47,97253,2382],{"class":586},[47,97255,590],{"class":83},[47,97257,1841],{"class":586},[47,97259,8707],{"class":83},[20,97261,20173,97262,92497,97265,97268,97269,84,97271,97273,97274,97276],{},[15,97263,97264],{},"items = set()",[121,97266,97267],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97270,7209],{},[9245,97272],{},"\nBut ",[15,97275,97127],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97278,97279],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97281,97282,97283,84],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[154,97284,95735],{"href":97285},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[33,97287,16821],{"id":16820},[20,97289,97290,13455,97292,97294],{},[15,97291,10722],{},[121,97293,123],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97296,4546,97297,84],{},[15,97298,3174],{},[38,97300,97302],{"className":40,"code":97301,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97303,97304,97324,97328,97342,97346,97356],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97305,97306,97308,97310,97312,97314,97316,97318,97320,97322],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97307,3012],{"class":53},[47,97309,58],{"class":57},[47,97311,9890],{"class":83},[47,97313,2377],{"class":586},[47,97315,590],{"class":83},[47,97317,2382],{"class":586},[47,97319,590],{"class":83},[47,97321,1841],{"class":586},[47,97323,8707],{"class":83},[47,97325,97326],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,97327,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,97329,97330,97332,97334,97336,97338,97340],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,97331,75],{"class":53},[47,97333,58],{"class":57},[47,97335,3659],{"class":53},[47,97337,84],{"class":83},[47,97339,10783],{"class":87},[47,97341,91],{"class":83},[47,97343,97344],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,97345,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,97347,97348,97350,97352,97354],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,97349,98],{"class":97},[47,97351,101],{"class":83},[47,97353,104],{"class":87},[47,97355,107],{"class":83},[47,97357,97358,97360,97362,97364],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,97359,98],{"class":97},[47,97361,101],{"class":83},[47,97363,3044],{"class":87},[47,97365,107],{"class":83},[20,97367,338],{},[38,97369,97371],{"className":40,"code":97370,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"None\nset()\n",[15,97372,97373,97377],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97374,97375],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97376,11207],{"class":1271},[47,97378,97379,97381],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,97380,5687],{"class":919},[47,97382,91],{"class":83},[20,97384,97385],{},"Do not do this:",[38,97387,97389],{"className":40,"code":97388,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97390,97391,97411,97425,97429],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97392,97393,97395,97397,97399,97401,97403,97405,97407,97409],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97394,3012],{"class":53},[47,97396,58],{"class":57},[47,97398,9890],{"class":83},[47,97400,2377],{"class":586},[47,97402,590],{"class":83},[47,97404,2382],{"class":586},[47,97406,590],{"class":83},[47,97408,1841],{"class":586},[47,97410,8707],{"class":83},[47,97412,97413,97415,97417,97419,97421,97423],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,97414,3012],{"class":53},[47,97416,58],{"class":57},[47,97418,3659],{"class":53},[47,97420,84],{"class":83},[47,97422,10783],{"class":87},[47,97424,91],{"class":83},[47,97426,97427],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,97428,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,97430,97431,97433,97435,97437],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,97432,98],{"class":97},[47,97434,101],{"class":83},[47,97436,3044],{"class":87},[47,97438,107],{"class":83},[20,97440,338],{},[38,97442,97443],{"className":40,"code":11207,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,97444,97445],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97446,97447],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97448,11207],{"class":1271},[20,97450,21591,97451,1786,97453,97455,97456,97458,97459,84],{},[15,97452,53965],{},[15,97454,3174],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,97457,3174],{}," back to ",[15,97460,3044],{},[33,97462,3915],{"id":3914},[20,97464,10147,97465,84],{},[15,97466,96803],{},[724,97468,11994,97470],{"id":97469},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,97471,10722],{},[20,97473,737],{},[38,97475,97477],{"className":40,"code":97476,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97478,97479,97499,97513],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97480,97481,97483,97485,97487,97489,97491,97493,97495,97497],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97482,15031],{"class":53},[47,97484,58],{"class":57},[47,97486,9890],{"class":83},[47,97488,2377],{"class":586},[47,97490,590],{"class":83},[47,97492,2382],{"class":586},[47,97494,590],{"class":83},[47,97496,1841],{"class":586},[47,97498,8707],{"class":83},[47,97500,97501,97503,97505,97507,97509,97511],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,97502,15031],{"class":53},[47,97504,58],{"class":57},[47,97506,96327],{"class":53},[47,97508,84],{"class":83},[47,97510,10783],{"class":87},[47,97512,91],{"class":83},[47,97514,97515,97517,97519,97521],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,97516,98],{"class":97},[47,97518,101],{"class":83},[47,97520,15069],{"class":87},[47,97522,107],{"class":83},[20,97524,338],{},[38,97526,97527],{"className":40,"code":11207,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,97528,97529],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97530,97531],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97532,11207],{"class":1271},[20,97534,788],{},[38,97536,97538],{"className":40,"code":97537,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97539,97540,97560,97570],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97541,97542,97544,97546,97548,97550,97552,97554,97556,97558],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97543,15031],{"class":53},[47,97545,58],{"class":57},[47,97547,9890],{"class":83},[47,97549,2377],{"class":586},[47,97551,590],{"class":83},[47,97553,2382],{"class":586},[47,97555,590],{"class":83},[47,97557,1841],{"class":586},[47,97559,8707],{"class":83},[47,97561,97562,97564,97566,97568],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,97563,15069],{"class":53},[47,97565,84],{"class":83},[47,97567,10783],{"class":87},[47,97569,91],{"class":83},[47,97571,97572,97574,97576,97578],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,97573,98],{"class":97},[47,97575,101],{"class":83},[47,97577,15069],{"class":87},[47,97579,107],{"class":83},[20,97581,338],{},[38,97583,97584],{"className":40,"code":96861,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,97585,97586],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97587,97588,97590],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97589,5687],{"class":919},[47,97591,91],{"class":83},[724,97593,7852,97595,97597],{"id":97594},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,97596,10722],{}," to remove only one item",[20,97599,97600,97602,97603,97605],{},[15,97601,10722],{}," removes ",[121,97604,3111],{}," items from the set.",[20,97607,97608,97609,158,97614,84],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[154,97610,97612],{"href":97611},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,97613,54934],{},[154,97615,97617],{"href":97616},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,97618,12162],{},[724,97620,7816,97622,97624],{"id":97621},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,97623,3188],{}," for an empty set",[20,97626,25094],{},[38,97628,97630],{"className":40,"code":97629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,97631,97632,97641],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97633,97634,97637,97639],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97635,97636],{"class":53},"empty_value ",[47,97638,58],{"class":57},[47,97640,9237],{"class":83},[47,97642,97643,97645,97647,97649,97651,97654],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,97644,98],{"class":97},[47,97646,101],{"class":83},[47,97648,2613],{"class":919},[47,97650,101],{"class":83},[47,97652,97653],{"class":87},"empty_value",[47,97655,1419],{"class":83},[20,97657,338],{},[38,97659,97660],{"className":40,"code":8205,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,97661,97662],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97663,97664,97666,97668,97670,97672,97674],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97665,2682],{"class":57},[47,97667,2685],{"class":1458},[47,97669,2688],{"class":61},[47,97671,8218],{"class":65},[47,97673,2693],{"class":61},[47,97675,2696],{"class":57},[20,97677,97678,8185],{},[15,97679,3188],{},[20,97681,97682],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[38,97684,97686],{"className":40,"code":97685,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,97687,97688,97699],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97689,97690,97693,97695,97697],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97691,97692],{"class":53},"empty_set ",[47,97694,58],{"class":57},[47,97696,15036],{"class":919},[47,97698,91],{"class":83},[47,97700,97701,97703,97705,97707,97709,97712],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,97702,98],{"class":97},[47,97704,101],{"class":83},[47,97706,2613],{"class":919},[47,97708,101],{"class":83},[47,97710,97711],{"class":87},"empty_set",[47,97713,1419],{"class":83},[20,97715,338],{},[38,97717,97718],{"className":40,"code":8249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,97719,97720],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97721,97722,97724,97726,97728,97730,97732],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97723,2682],{"class":57},[47,97725,2685],{"class":1458},[47,97727,2688],{"class":61},[47,97729,5687],{"class":65},[47,97731,2693],{"class":61},[47,97733,2696],{"class":57},[724,97735,97737],{"id":97736},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[38,97739,97741],{"className":40,"code":97740,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,97742,97743,97767,97775,97779,97789,97793,97803],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97744,97745,97747,97749,97751,97753,97755,97757,97759,97761,97763,97765],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97746,1208],{"class":53},[47,97748,58],{"class":57},[47,97750,9890],{"class":83},[47,97752,253],{"class":61},[47,97754,1567],{"class":65},[47,97756,253],{"class":61},[47,97758,590],{"class":83},[47,97760,62],{"class":61},[47,97762,11144],{"class":65},[47,97764,253],{"class":61},[47,97766,8707],{"class":83},[47,97768,97769,97771,97773],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,97770,1221],{"class":53},[47,97772,58],{"class":57},[47,97774,35579],{"class":53},[47,97776,97777],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,97778,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,97780,97781,97783,97785,97787],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,97782,154],{"class":53},[47,97784,84],{"class":83},[47,97786,10783],{"class":87},[47,97788,91],{"class":83},[47,97790,97791],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,97792,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,97794,97795,97797,97799,97801],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,97796,98],{"class":97},[47,97798,101],{"class":83},[47,97800,154],{"class":87},[47,97802,107],{"class":83},[47,97804,97805,97807,97809,97811],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,97806,98],{"class":97},[47,97808,101],{"class":83},[47,97810,4158],{"class":87},[47,97812,107],{"class":83},[20,97814,338],{},[38,97816,97817],{"className":40,"code":97134,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,97818,97819,97825],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97820,97821,97823],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97822,5687],{"class":919},[47,97824,91],{"class":83},[47,97826,97827,97829],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,97828,5687],{"class":919},[47,97830,91],{"class":83},[20,97832,28465,97833,1063,97835,97837],{},[15,97834,154],{},[15,97836,4158],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[33,97839,1155],{"id":1154},[724,97841,4540,97843,4543],{"id":97842},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,97844,96803],{},[20,97846,4546,97847,97849],{},[15,97848,3174],{},". It empties the set in place.",[724,97851,1159,97853,97855],{"id":97852},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,97854,10722],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,97857,97858],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[724,97860,97862],{"id":97861},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,97864,97865,97866,97868,97869,84],{},"You already have one after ",[15,97867,10722],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,97870,3193],{},[724,97872,4578,97874,1063,97876,1883],{"id":97873},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,97875,10722],{},[15,97877,3193],{},[20,97879,97880,97882,97883,97885],{},[15,97881,10722],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,97884,3193],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[33,97887,1275],{"id":1274},[133,97889,97890,97894,97898,97905,97911,97917],{},[136,97891,97892],{},[154,97893,95731],{"href":96902},[136,97895,97896],{},[154,97897,96741],{"href":97285},[136,97899,97900],{},[154,97901,96217,97903,1289],{"href":97902},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,97904,95606],{},[136,97906,97907],{},[154,97908,96217,97909,1289],{"href":97611},[15,97910,54934],{},[136,97912,97913],{},[154,97914,96217,97915,1289],{"href":97616},[15,97916,12162],{},[136,97918,97919],{},[154,97920,96217,97922,1289],{"href":97921},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,97923,14356],{},[1320,97925,97926],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":97928},[97929,97931,97932,97933,97940,97941,97950,97959],{"id":96877,"depth":72,"text":97930},"What set.clear() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":267,"depth":72,"text":268},{"id":97040,"depth":72,"text":97934,"children":97935},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[97936,97938],{"id":97053,"depth":94,"text":97937},"Using clear()",{"id":97157,"depth":94,"text":97939},"Using set()",{"id":16820,"depth":72,"text":16821},{"id":3914,"depth":72,"text":3915,"children":97942},[97943,97945,97947,97949],{"id":97469,"depth":94,"text":97944},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":97594,"depth":94,"text":97946},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":97621,"depth":94,"text":97948},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":97736,"depth":94,"text":97737},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":97951},[97952,97954,97956,97957],{"id":97842,"depth":94,"text":97953},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":97852,"depth":94,"text":97955},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":97861,"depth":94,"text":97862},{"id":97873,"depth":94,"text":97958},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":96791,"description":97960},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":97967,"title":97968,"body":97969,"description":99801,"extension":1354,"meta":99802,"navigation":311,"path":95734,"seo":99803,"stem":99804,"__hash__":99805},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":97970,"toc":99758},[97971,97974,97977,97980,97982,98085,98089,98136,98142,98144,98163,98167,98170,98172,98186,98195,98199,98202,98237,98241,98261,98264,98268,98271,98332,98336,98361,98368,98374,98379,98381,98393,98397,98446,98450,98474,98481,98485,98526,98530,98551,98555,98588,98592,98633,98636,98640,98645,98684,98688,98713,98718,98724,98761,98765,98788,98792,98794,98797,98800,98877,98881,98918,98921,98925,98931,98934,98944,98993,98999,99005,99032,99035,99057,99059,99090,99093,99097,99101,99140,99144,99207,99210,99243,99247,99272,99274,99277,99283,99286,99313,99316,99334,99338,99342,99345,99388,99391,99395,99398,99401,99431,99434,99438,99441,99456,99461,99465,99468,99557,99559,99562,99652,99655,99673,99675,99679,99689,99693,99701,99705,99708,99712,99715,99719,99722,99724,99752,99755],[10,97972,97968],{"id":97973},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,97975,97976],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,97978,97979],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[33,97981,3002],{"id":3001},[38,97983,97985],{"className":40,"code":97984,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,97986,97987,98007,98041,98051,98055,98065,98075],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97988,97989,97991,97993,97995,97997,97999,98001,98003,98005],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97990,3012],{"class":53},[47,97992,58],{"class":57},[47,97994,9890],{"class":83},[47,97996,2377],{"class":586},[47,97998,590],{"class":83},[47,98000,2382],{"class":586},[47,98002,590],{"class":83},[47,98004,1841],{"class":586},[47,98006,8707],{"class":83},[47,98008,98009,98011,98013,98015,98017,98019,98021,98023,98025,98027,98029,98031,98033,98035,98037,98039],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98010,3466],{"class":53},[47,98012,58],{"class":57},[47,98014,15036],{"class":919},[47,98016,2374],{"class":83},[47,98018,253],{"class":61},[47,98020,3475],{"class":65},[47,98022,253],{"class":61},[47,98024,590],{"class":83},[47,98026,62],{"class":61},[47,98028,288],{"class":65},[47,98030,253],{"class":61},[47,98032,590],{"class":83},[47,98034,62],{"class":61},[47,98036,3475],{"class":65},[47,98038,253],{"class":61},[47,98040,3284],{"class":83},[47,98042,98043,98045,98047,98049],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,98044,97692],{"class":53},[47,98046,58],{"class":57},[47,98048,15036],{"class":919},[47,98050,91],{"class":83},[47,98052,98053],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,98054,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,98056,98057,98059,98061,98063],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,98058,98],{"class":97},[47,98060,101],{"class":83},[47,98062,3044],{"class":87},[47,98064,107],{"class":83},[47,98066,98067,98069,98071,98073],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,98068,98],{"class":97},[47,98070,101],{"class":83},[47,98072,3509],{"class":87},[47,98074,107],{"class":83},[47,98076,98077,98079,98081,98083],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,98078,98],{"class":97},[47,98080,101],{"class":83},[47,98082,97711],{"class":87},[47,98084,107],{"class":83},[20,98086,98087],{},[121,98088,338],{},[38,98090,98092],{"className":40,"code":98091,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98093,98094,98110,98130],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98095,98096,98098,98100,98102,98104,98106,98108],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98097,8676],{"class":83},[47,98099,2377],{"class":586},[47,98101,590],{"class":83},[47,98103,2382],{"class":586},[47,98105,590],{"class":83},[47,98107,1841],{"class":586},[47,98109,8707],{"class":83},[47,98111,98112,98114,98116,98118,98120,98122,98124,98126,98128],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98113,8676],{"class":83},[47,98115,2693],{"class":61},[47,98117,288],{"class":65},[47,98119,2693],{"class":61},[47,98121,590],{"class":83},[47,98123,2688],{"class":61},[47,98125,3475],{"class":65},[47,98127,2693],{"class":61},[47,98129,8707],{"class":83},[47,98131,98132,98134],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,98133,5687],{"class":919},[47,98135,91],{"class":83},[20,98137,98138,98139,98141],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98140,3193],{}," for an empty set.",[33,98143,14565],{"id":14564},[133,98145,98146,98149,98154,98157,98160],{},[136,98147,98148],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[136,98150,98151,98152],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98153,3193],{},[136,98155,98156],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[136,98158,98159],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[136,98161,98162],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[33,98164,98166],{"id":98165},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98168,98169],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98171,29945],{},[133,98173,98174,98177,98180,98183],{},[136,98175,98176],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[136,98178,98179],{},"Sets are unordered",[136,98181,98182],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[136,98184,98185],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98187,98188,98189,158,98191,84],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[154,98190,95731],{"href":96902},[154,98192,98194],{"href":98193},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[33,98196,98198],{"id":98197},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98200,98201],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[38,98203,98205],{"className":40,"code":98204,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98206,98207,98227],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98208,98209,98211,98213,98215,98217,98219,98221,98223,98225],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98210,3012],{"class":53},[47,98212,58],{"class":57},[47,98214,9890],{"class":83},[47,98216,2377],{"class":586},[47,98218,590],{"class":83},[47,98220,2382],{"class":586},[47,98222,590],{"class":83},[47,98224,1841],{"class":586},[47,98226,8707],{"class":83},[47,98228,98229,98231,98233,98235],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98230,98],{"class":97},[47,98232,101],{"class":83},[47,98234,3044],{"class":87},[47,98236,107],{"class":83},[20,98238,98239],{},[121,98240,29434],{},[38,98242,98243],{"className":40,"code":96010,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,98244,98245],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98246,98247,98249,98251,98253,98255,98257,98259],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98248,8676],{"class":83},[47,98250,2377],{"class":586},[47,98252,590],{"class":83},[47,98254,2382],{"class":586},[47,98256,590],{"class":83},[47,98258,1841],{"class":586},[47,98260,8707],{"class":83},[20,98262,98263],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[724,98265,98267],{"id":98266},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98269,98270],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[38,98272,98274],{"className":40,"code":98273,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98275,98276,98308,98318],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98277,98278,98280,98282,98284,98286,98288,98290,98292,98294,98296,98298,98300,98302,98304,98306],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98279,3012],{"class":53},[47,98281,58],{"class":57},[47,98283,9890],{"class":83},[47,98285,2377],{"class":586},[47,98287,590],{"class":83},[47,98289,2382],{"class":586},[47,98291,590],{"class":83},[47,98293,2382],{"class":586},[47,98295,590],{"class":83},[47,98297,1841],{"class":586},[47,98299,590],{"class":83},[47,98301,1841],{"class":586},[47,98303,590],{"class":83},[47,98305,1841],{"class":586},[47,98307,8707],{"class":83},[47,98309,98310,98312,98314,98316],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98311,98],{"class":97},[47,98313,101],{"class":83},[47,98315,3044],{"class":87},[47,98317,107],{"class":83},[47,98319,98320,98322,98324,98326,98328,98330],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,98321,98],{"class":97},[47,98323,101],{"class":83},[47,98325,10562],{"class":97},[47,98327,101],{"class":83},[47,98329,3044],{"class":87},[47,98331,1419],{"class":83},[20,98333,98334],{},[121,98335,29434],{},[38,98337,98339],{"className":40,"code":98338,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98340,98341,98357],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98342,98343,98345,98347,98349,98351,98353,98355],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98344,8676],{"class":83},[47,98346,2377],{"class":586},[47,98348,590],{"class":83},[47,98350,2382],{"class":586},[47,98352,590],{"class":83},[47,98354,1841],{"class":586},[47,98356,8707],{"class":83},[47,98358,98359],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98360,46021],{"class":586},[20,98362,443,98363,1063,98365,98367],{},[15,98364,1449],{},[15,98366,1455],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[33,98369,98371,98372],{"id":98370},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98373,3193],{},[20,98375,1486,98376,98378],{},[15,98377,3193],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98380,4857],{},[133,98382,98383,98385,98387,98389],{},[136,98384,96490],{},[136,98386,95786],{},[136,98388,55870],{},[136,98390,98391],{},[15,98392,35602],{},[724,98394,98396],{"id":98395},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[38,98398,98400],{"className":40,"code":98399,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98401,98402,98436],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98403,98404,98406,98408,98410,98412,98414,98416,98418,98420,98422,98424,98426,98428,98430,98432,98434],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98405,3012],{"class":53},[47,98407,58],{"class":57},[47,98409,15036],{"class":919},[47,98411,2374],{"class":83},[47,98413,2377],{"class":586},[47,98415,590],{"class":83},[47,98417,2382],{"class":586},[47,98419,590],{"class":83},[47,98421,2382],{"class":586},[47,98423,590],{"class":83},[47,98425,1841],{"class":586},[47,98427,590],{"class":83},[47,98429,1841],{"class":586},[47,98431,590],{"class":83},[47,98433,1847],{"class":586},[47,98435,3284],{"class":83},[47,98437,98438,98440,98442,98444],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98439,98],{"class":97},[47,98441,101],{"class":83},[47,98443,3044],{"class":87},[47,98445,107],{"class":83},[20,98447,98448],{},[121,98449,29434],{},[38,98451,98452],{"className":40,"code":95673,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,98453,98454],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98455,98456,98458,98460,98462,98464,98466,98468,98470,98472],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98457,8676],{"class":83},[47,98459,2377],{"class":586},[47,98461,590],{"class":83},[47,98463,2382],{"class":586},[47,98465,590],{"class":83},[47,98467,1841],{"class":586},[47,98469,590],{"class":83},[47,98471,1847],{"class":586},[47,98473,8707],{"class":83},[20,98475,98476,98477,84],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[154,98478,98480],{"href":98479},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[724,98482,98484],{"id":98483},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[38,98486,98488],{"className":40,"code":98487,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,98489,98490,98516],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98491,98492,98494,98496,98498,98500,98502,98504,98506,98508,98510,98512,98514],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98493,3219],{"class":53},[47,98495,58],{"class":57},[47,98497,15036],{"class":919},[47,98499,4911],{"class":83},[47,98501,1719],{"class":586},[47,98503,590],{"class":83},[47,98505,7189],{"class":586},[47,98507,590],{"class":83},[47,98509,7189],{"class":586},[47,98511,590],{"class":83},[47,98513,7194],{"class":586},[47,98515,1419],{"class":83},[47,98517,98518,98520,98522,98524],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98519,98],{"class":97},[47,98521,101],{"class":83},[47,98523,4758],{"class":87},[47,98525,107],{"class":83},[20,98527,98528],{},[121,98529,29434],{},[38,98531,98533],{"className":40,"code":98532,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,98534,98535],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98536,98537,98539,98541,98543,98545,98547,98549],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98538,8676],{"class":83},[47,98540,1719],{"class":586},[47,98542,590],{"class":83},[47,98544,7189],{"class":586},[47,98546,590],{"class":83},[47,98548,7194],{"class":586},[47,98550,8707],{"class":83},[724,98552,98554],{"id":98553},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[38,98556,98558],{"className":40,"code":98557,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,98559,98560,98578],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98561,98562,98564,98566,98568,98570,98572,98574,98576],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98563,35494],{"class":53},[47,98565,58],{"class":57},[47,98567,15036],{"class":919},[47,98569,101],{"class":83},[47,98571,253],{"class":61},[47,98573,256],{"class":65},[47,98575,253],{"class":61},[47,98577,107],{"class":83},[47,98579,98580,98582,98584,98586],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98581,98],{"class":97},[47,98583,101],{"class":83},[47,98585,35547],{"class":87},[47,98587,107],{"class":83},[20,98589,98590],{},[121,98591,29434],{},[38,98593,98595],{"className":40,"code":98594,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,98596,98597],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98598,98599,98601,98603,98605,98607,98609,98611,98613,98615,98617,98619,98621,98623,98625,98627,98629,98631],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98600,8676],{"class":83},[47,98602,2693],{"class":61},[47,98604,59844],{"class":65},[47,98606,2693],{"class":61},[47,98608,590],{"class":83},[47,98610,2688],{"class":61},[47,98612,59853],{"class":65},[47,98614,2693],{"class":61},[47,98616,590],{"class":83},[47,98618,2688],{"class":61},[47,98620,59862],{"class":65},[47,98622,2693],{"class":61},[47,98624,590],{"class":83},[47,98626,2688],{"class":61},[47,98628,59879],{"class":65},[47,98630,2693],{"class":61},[47,98632,8707],{"class":83},[20,98634,98635],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[33,98637,98639],{"id":98638},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,98641,98642,98643,84],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,98644,3193],{},[38,98646,98648],{"className":40,"code":98647,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98649,98650,98660,98670],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98651,98652,98654,98656,98658],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98653,97692],{"class":53},[47,98655,58],{"class":57},[47,98657,15036],{"class":919},[47,98659,91],{"class":83},[47,98661,98662,98664,98666,98668],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98663,98],{"class":97},[47,98665,101],{"class":83},[47,98667,97711],{"class":87},[47,98669,107],{"class":83},[47,98671,98672,98674,98676,98678,98680,98682],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,98673,98],{"class":97},[47,98675,101],{"class":83},[47,98677,2613],{"class":919},[47,98679,101],{"class":83},[47,98681,97711],{"class":87},[47,98683,1419],{"class":83},[20,98685,98686],{},[121,98687,338],{},[38,98689,98691],{"className":40,"code":98690,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,98692,98693,98699],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98694,98695,98697],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98696,5687],{"class":919},[47,98698,91],{"class":83},[47,98700,98701,98703,98705,98707,98709,98711],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98702,2682],{"class":57},[47,98704,2685],{"class":1458},[47,98706,2688],{"class":61},[47,98708,5687],{"class":65},[47,98710,2693],{"class":61},[47,98712,2696],{"class":57},[724,98714,43832,98716],{"id":98715},"do-not-use",[15,98717,3188],{},[20,98719,98720,98721,98723],{},"Empty braces do ",[121,98722,123],{}," create a set.",[38,98725,98727],{"className":40,"code":98726,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98728,98729,98737,98747],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98730,98731,98733,98735],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98732,97636],{"class":53},[47,98734,58],{"class":57},[47,98736,9237],{"class":83},[47,98738,98739,98741,98743,98745],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98740,98],{"class":97},[47,98742,101],{"class":83},[47,98744,97653],{"class":87},[47,98746,107],{"class":83},[47,98748,98749,98751,98753,98755,98757,98759],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,98750,98],{"class":97},[47,98752,101],{"class":83},[47,98754,2613],{"class":919},[47,98756,101],{"class":83},[47,98758,97653],{"class":87},[47,98760,1419],{"class":83},[20,98762,98763],{},[121,98764,338],{},[38,98766,98768],{"className":40,"code":98767,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,98769,98770,98774],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98771,98772],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98773,8833],{"class":83},[47,98775,98776,98778,98780,98782,98784,98786],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98777,2682],{"class":57},[47,98779,2685],{"class":1458},[47,98781,2688],{"class":61},[47,98783,8218],{"class":65},[47,98785,2693],{"class":61},[47,98787,2696],{"class":57},[20,98789,98790,8185],{},[15,98791,3188],{},[33,98793,71674],{"id":71673},[20,98795,98796],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,98798,98799],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[38,98801,98803],{"className":40,"code":98802,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,98804,98805,98853,98863],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98806,98807,98809,98811,98813,98815,98817,98819,98821,98823,98825,98827,98829,98831,98833,98835,98837,98839,98841,98843,98845,98847,98849,98851],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98808,3466],{"class":53},[47,98810,58],{"class":57},[47,98812,9890],{"class":83},[47,98814,253],{"class":61},[47,98816,3475],{"class":65},[47,98818,253],{"class":61},[47,98820,590],{"class":83},[47,98822,62],{"class":61},[47,98824,288],{"class":65},[47,98826,253],{"class":61},[47,98828,590],{"class":83},[47,98830,62],{"class":61},[47,98832,3475],{"class":65},[47,98834,253],{"class":61},[47,98836,590],{"class":83},[47,98838,62],{"class":61},[47,98840,3475],{"class":65},[47,98842,253],{"class":61},[47,98844,590],{"class":83},[47,98846,62],{"class":61},[47,98848,32627],{"class":65},[47,98850,253],{"class":61},[47,98852,8707],{"class":83},[47,98854,98855,98857,98859,98861],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98856,98],{"class":97},[47,98858,101],{"class":83},[47,98860,3509],{"class":87},[47,98862,107],{"class":83},[47,98864,98865,98867,98869,98871,98873,98875],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,98866,98],{"class":97},[47,98868,101],{"class":83},[47,98870,10562],{"class":97},[47,98872,101],{"class":83},[47,98874,3509],{"class":87},[47,98876,1419],{"class":83},[20,98878,98879],{},[121,98880,29434],{},[38,98882,98884],{"className":40,"code":98883,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,98885,98886,98914],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98887,98888,98890,98892,98894,98896,98898,98900,98902,98904,98906,98908,98910,98912],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98889,8676],{"class":83},[47,98891,2693],{"class":61},[47,98893,288],{"class":65},[47,98895,2693],{"class":61},[47,98897,590],{"class":83},[47,98899,2688],{"class":61},[47,98901,32627],{"class":65},[47,98903,2693],{"class":61},[47,98905,590],{"class":83},[47,98907,2688],{"class":61},[47,98909,3475],{"class":65},[47,98911,2693],{"class":61},[47,98913,8707],{"class":83},[47,98915,98916],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98917,46021],{"class":586},[20,98919,98920],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[33,98922,98924],{"id":98923},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,98926,98927,98928,98930],{},"Set items must be ",[121,98929,95774],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,98932,98933],{},"These usually work:",[133,98935,98936,98938,98940,98942],{},[136,98937,55867],{},[136,98939,55870],{},[136,98941,95786],{},[136,98943,39998],{},[38,98945,98947],{"className":40,"code":98946,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,98948,98949,98983],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98950,98951,98953,98955,98957,98959,98961,98963,98965,98967,98969,98971,98973,98975,98977,98979,98981],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98952,3219],{"class":53},[47,98954,58],{"class":57},[47,98956,9890],{"class":83},[47,98958,2377],{"class":586},[47,98960,590],{"class":83},[47,98962,62],{"class":61},[47,98964,3475],{"class":65},[47,98966,253],{"class":61},[47,98968,590],{"class":83},[47,98970,8634],{"class":83},[47,98972,1719],{"class":586},[47,98974,590],{"class":83},[47,98976,7189],{"class":586},[47,98978,8631],{"class":83},[47,98980,3312],{"class":1271},[47,98982,8707],{"class":83},[47,98984,98985,98987,98989,98991],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98986,98],{"class":97},[47,98988,101],{"class":83},[47,98990,4758],{"class":87},[47,98992,107],{"class":83},[20,98994,98995,98996,98998],{},"These do ",[121,98997,123],{}," work directly:",[133,99000,99001,99003],{},[136,99002,96490],{},[136,99004,96493],{},[38,99006,99008],{"className":40,"code":99007,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99009,99010],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99011,99012,99015,99017,99020,99022,99024,99026,99028,99030],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99013,99014],{"class":53},"bad_set ",[47,99016,58],{"class":57},[47,99018,99019],{"class":83}," {[",[47,99021,2377],{"class":586},[47,99023,590],{"class":83},[47,99025,2382],{"class":586},[47,99027,590],{"class":83},[47,99029,1841],{"class":586},[47,99031,13107],{"class":83},[20,99033,99034],{},"This raises an error:",[38,99036,99037],{"className":40,"code":96549,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,99038,99039],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99040,99041,99043,99045,99047,99049,99051,99053,99055],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99042,2395],{"class":919},[47,99044,1032],{"class":83},[47,99046,96560],{"class":53},[47,99048,2613],{"class":919},[47,99050,1032],{"class":83},[47,99052,2688],{"class":61},[47,99054,7492],{"class":65},[47,99056,29104],{"class":61},[20,99058,51484],{},[38,99060,99062],{"className":40,"code":99061,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99063,99064],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99065,99066,99068,99070,99073,99075,99077,99079,99081,99083,99085,99087],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99067,99014],{"class":53},[47,99069,58],{"class":57},[47,99071,99072],{"class":83}," {{",[47,99074,253],{"class":61},[47,99076,229],{"class":65},[47,99078,253],{"class":61},[47,99080,1032],{"class":83},[47,99082,62],{"class":61},[47,99084,7075],{"class":65},[47,99086,253],{"class":61},[47,99088,99089],{"class":83},"}}\n",[20,99091,99092],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[33,99094,99096],{"id":99095},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[724,99098,99100],{"id":99099},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[38,99102,99104],{"className":40,"code":99103,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99105,99106,99130],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99107,99108,99110,99112,99114,99116,99118,99120,99122,99124,99126,99128],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99109,3012],{"class":53},[47,99111,58],{"class":57},[47,99113,9890],{"class":83},[47,99115,2377],{"class":586},[47,99117,590],{"class":83},[47,99119,2382],{"class":586},[47,99121,590],{"class":83},[47,99123,1841],{"class":586},[47,99125,590],{"class":83},[47,99127,1847],{"class":586},[47,99129,8707],{"class":83},[47,99131,99132,99134,99136,99138],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99133,98],{"class":97},[47,99135,101],{"class":83},[47,99137,3044],{"class":87},[47,99139,107],{"class":83},[724,99141,99143],{"id":99142},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[38,99145,99147],{"className":40,"code":99146,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99148,99149,99177,99192,99196],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99150,99151,99153,99155,99157,99159,99161,99163,99165,99167,99169,99171,99173,99175],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99152,7178],{"class":53},[47,99154,58],{"class":57},[47,99156,3017],{"class":83},[47,99158,2377],{"class":586},[47,99160,590],{"class":83},[47,99162,4898],{"class":586},[47,99164,590],{"class":83},[47,99166,2382],{"class":586},[47,99168,590],{"class":83},[47,99170,1841],{"class":586},[47,99172,590],{"class":83},[47,99174,1841],{"class":586},[47,99176,3030],{"class":83},[47,99178,99179,99182,99184,99186,99188,99190],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99180,99181],{"class":53},"unique_items ",[47,99183,58],{"class":57},[47,99185,15036],{"class":919},[47,99187,101],{"class":83},[47,99189,7209],{"class":87},[47,99191,107],{"class":83},[47,99193,99194],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,99195,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,99197,99198,99200,99202,99205],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,99199,98],{"class":97},[47,99201,101],{"class":83},[47,99203,99204],{"class":87},"unique_items",[47,99206,107],{"class":83},[724,99208,98554],{"id":99209},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[38,99211,99213],{"className":40,"code":99212,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99214,99215,99233],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99216,99217,99219,99221,99223,99225,99227,99229,99231],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99218,35494],{"class":53},[47,99220,58],{"class":57},[47,99222,15036],{"class":919},[47,99224,101],{"class":83},[47,99226,253],{"class":61},[47,99228,288],{"class":65},[47,99230,253],{"class":61},[47,99232,107],{"class":83},[47,99234,99235,99237,99239,99241],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99236,98],{"class":97},[47,99238,101],{"class":83},[47,99240,35547],{"class":87},[47,99242,107],{"class":83},[724,99244,99246],{"id":99245},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[38,99248,99250],{"className":40,"code":99249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99251,99252,99262],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99253,99254,99256,99258,99260],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99255,97692],{"class":53},[47,99257,58],{"class":57},[47,99259,15036],{"class":919},[47,99261,91],{"class":83},[47,99263,99264,99266,99268,99270],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99265,98],{"class":97},[47,99267,101],{"class":83},[47,99269,97711],{"class":87},[47,99271,107],{"class":83},[33,99273,722],{"id":721},[20,99275,99276],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[724,99278,7816,99280,99282],{"id":99279},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99281,3188],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99284,99285],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[38,99287,99289],{"className":40,"code":99288,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99290,99291,99299],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99292,99293,99295,99297],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99294,1836],{"class":53},[47,99296,58],{"class":57},[47,99298,9237],{"class":83},[47,99300,99301,99303,99305,99307,99309,99311],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99302,98],{"class":97},[47,99304,101],{"class":83},[47,99306,2613],{"class":919},[47,99308,101],{"class":83},[47,99310,1863],{"class":87},[47,99312,1419],{"class":83},[20,99314,99315],{},"This prints:",[38,99317,99318],{"className":40,"code":8205,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,99319,99320],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99321,99322,99324,99326,99328,99330,99332],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99323,2682],{"class":57},[47,99325,2685],{"class":1458},[47,99327,2688],{"class":61},[47,99329,8218],{"class":65},[47,99331,2693],{"class":61},[47,99333,2696],{"class":57},[20,99335,1486,99336,6031],{},[15,99337,3193],{},[724,99339,99341],{"id":99340},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99343,99344],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[38,99346,99348],{"className":40,"code":99347,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99349,99350,99378],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99351,99352,99354,99356,99358,99360,99362,99364,99366,99368,99370,99372,99374,99376],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99353,3012],{"class":53},[47,99355,58],{"class":57},[47,99357,9890],{"class":83},[47,99359,2377],{"class":586},[47,99361,590],{"class":83},[47,99363,4898],{"class":586},[47,99365,590],{"class":83},[47,99367,2382],{"class":586},[47,99369,590],{"class":83},[47,99371,2382],{"class":586},[47,99373,590],{"class":83},[47,99375,1841],{"class":586},[47,99377,8707],{"class":83},[47,99379,99380,99382,99384,99386],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99381,98],{"class":97},[47,99383,101],{"class":83},[47,99385,3044],{"class":87},[47,99387,107],{"class":83},[20,99389,99390],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[724,99392,99394],{"id":99393},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,99396,99397],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,99399,99400],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[38,99402,99404],{"className":40,"code":99403,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,99405,99406,99426],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99407,99408,99410,99412,99414,99416,99418,99420,99422,99424],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99409,3012],{"class":53},[47,99411,58],{"class":57},[47,99413,9890],{"class":83},[47,99415,1719],{"class":586},[47,99417,590],{"class":83},[47,99419,7189],{"class":586},[47,99421,590],{"class":83},[47,99423,7194],{"class":586},[47,99425,8707],{"class":83},[47,99427,99428],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99429,99430],{"class":113},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,99432,99433],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[724,99435,99437],{"id":99436},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,99439,99440],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[38,99442,99444],{"className":40,"code":99443,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,99445,99446,99451],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99447,99448],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99449,99450],{"class":113},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[47,99452,99453],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99454,99455],{"class":113},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,99457,99458,99459,84],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,99460,2395],{},[724,99462,99464],{"id":99463},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,99466,99467],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[38,99469,99471],{"className":40,"code":99470,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,99472,99473,99493,99525,99529,99543],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99474,99475,99477,99479,99481,99483,99485,99487,99489,99491],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99476,15031],{"class":53},[47,99478,58],{"class":57},[47,99480,9890],{"class":83},[47,99482,2377],{"class":586},[47,99484,590],{"class":83},[47,99486,2382],{"class":586},[47,99488,590],{"class":83},[47,99490,1841],{"class":586},[47,99492,8707],{"class":83},[47,99494,99495,99497,99499,99501,99503,99505,99507,99509,99511,99513,99515,99517,99519,99521,99523],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99496,11123],{"class":53},[47,99498,58],{"class":57},[47,99500,9890],{"class":83},[47,99502,253],{"class":61},[47,99504,154],{"class":65},[47,99506,253],{"class":61},[47,99508,1032],{"class":83},[47,99510,4898],{"class":586},[47,99512,590],{"class":83},[47,99514,62],{"class":61},[47,99516,4158],{"class":65},[47,99518,253],{"class":61},[47,99520,1032],{"class":83},[47,99522,2382],{"class":586},[47,99524,8707],{"class":83},[47,99526,99527],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,99528,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,99530,99531,99533,99535,99537,99539,99541],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,99532,98],{"class":97},[47,99534,101],{"class":83},[47,99536,2613],{"class":919},[47,99538,101],{"class":83},[47,99540,15069],{"class":87},[47,99542,1419],{"class":83},[47,99544,99545,99547,99549,99551,99553,99555],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,99546,98],{"class":97},[47,99548,101],{"class":83},[47,99550,2613],{"class":919},[47,99552,101],{"class":83},[47,99554,10850],{"class":87},[47,99556,1419],{"class":83},[33,99558,92188],{"id":92187},[20,99560,99561],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[38,99563,99565],{"className":40,"code":99564,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,99566,99567,99593,99597,99611,99621,99635,99642],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99568,99569,99571,99573,99575,99577,99579,99581,99583,99585,99587,99589,99591],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99570,15031],{"class":53},[47,99572,58],{"class":57},[47,99574,15036],{"class":919},[47,99576,2374],{"class":83},[47,99578,2377],{"class":586},[47,99580,590],{"class":83},[47,99582,2382],{"class":586},[47,99584,590],{"class":83},[47,99586,2382],{"class":586},[47,99588,590],{"class":83},[47,99590,1841],{"class":586},[47,99592,3284],{"class":83},[47,99594,99595],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99596,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,99598,99599,99601,99603,99605,99607,99609],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,99600,98],{"class":97},[47,99602,101],{"class":83},[47,99604,2613],{"class":919},[47,99606,101],{"class":83},[47,99608,15069],{"class":87},[47,99610,1419],{"class":83},[47,99612,99613,99615,99617,99619],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,99614,98],{"class":97},[47,99616,101],{"class":83},[47,99618,15069],{"class":87},[47,99620,107],{"class":83},[47,99622,99623,99625,99627,99629,99631,99633],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,99624,98],{"class":97},[47,99626,101],{"class":83},[47,99628,10562],{"class":97},[47,99630,101],{"class":83},[47,99632,15069],{"class":87},[47,99634,1419],{"class":83},[47,99636,99637,99639],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,99638,98],{"class":97},[47,99640,99641],{"class":83},"({})\n",[47,99643,99644,99646,99648,99650],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,99645,98],{"class":97},[47,99647,101],{"class":83},[47,99649,5687],{"class":919},[47,99651,236],{"class":83},[20,99653,99654],{},"Use these to confirm:",[133,99656,99657,99660,99663,99666],{},[136,99658,99659],{},"The object type",[136,99661,99662],{},"The actual values stored",[136,99664,99665],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[136,99667,99668,99669,1063,99671],{},"The difference between ",[15,99670,3188],{},[15,99672,3193],{},[33,99674,1155],{"id":1154},[724,99676,99678],{"id":99677},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,99680,99681,99682,99685,99686,99688],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,99683,99684],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,99687,3193],{}," with another iterable.",[724,99690,99692],{"id":99691},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,99694,1486,99695,99697,99698,99700],{},[15,99696,3193],{},". Empty braces ",[15,99699,3188],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[724,99702,99704],{"id":99703},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,99706,99707],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[724,99709,99711],{"id":99710},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,99713,99714],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[724,99716,99718],{"id":99717},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,99720,99721],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[33,99723,1275],{"id":1274},[133,99725,99726,99730,99736,99742,99747],{},[136,99727,99728],{},[154,99729,95731],{"href":96902},[136,99731,99732],{},[154,99733,2968,99734,1289],{"href":97902},[15,99735,95611],{},[136,99737,99738],{},[154,99739,2968,99740,1289],{"href":97921},[15,99741,96717],{},[136,99743,99744],{},[154,99745,99746],{"href":98479},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[136,99748,99749],{},[154,99750,99751],{"href":98193},"What is a set in Python?",[20,99753,99754],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1320,99756,99757],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":99759},[99760,99761,99762,99763,99766,99772,99776,99777,99778,99784,99792,99793,99800],{"id":3001,"depth":72,"text":3002},{"id":14564,"depth":72,"text":14565},{"id":98165,"depth":72,"text":98166},{"id":98197,"depth":72,"text":98198,"children":99764},[99765],{"id":98266,"depth":94,"text":98267},{"id":98370,"depth":72,"text":99767,"children":99768},"Create a set with set()",[99769,99770,99771],{"id":98395,"depth":94,"text":98396},{"id":98483,"depth":94,"text":98484},{"id":98553,"depth":94,"text":98554},{"id":98638,"depth":72,"text":98639,"children":99773},[99774],{"id":98715,"depth":94,"text":99775},"Do not use {}",{"id":71673,"depth":72,"text":71674},{"id":98923,"depth":72,"text":98924},{"id":99095,"depth":72,"text":99096,"children":99779},[99780,99781,99782,99783],{"id":99099,"depth":94,"text":99100},{"id":99142,"depth":94,"text":99143},{"id":99209,"depth":94,"text":98554},{"id":99245,"depth":94,"text":99246},{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722,"children":99785},[99786,99788,99789,99790,99791],{"id":99279,"depth":94,"text":99787},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99340,"depth":94,"text":99341},{"id":99393,"depth":94,"text":99394},{"id":99436,"depth":94,"text":99437},{"id":99463,"depth":94,"text":99464},{"id":92187,"depth":72,"text":92188},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":99794},[99795,99796,99797,99798,99799],{"id":99677,"depth":94,"text":99678},{"id":99691,"depth":94,"text":99692},{"id":99703,"depth":94,"text":99704},{"id":99710,"depth":94,"text":99711},{"id":99717,"depth":94,"text":99718},{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":97968,"description":99801},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":99807,"title":99808,"body":99809,"description":102240,"extension":1354,"meta":102241,"navigation":311,"path":102242,"seo":102243,"stem":102244,"__hash__":102245},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":99810,"toc":102205},[99811,99817,99823,99826,99828,99905,99907,99924,99934,99936,99941,99949,99951,99967,99971,99973,99975,99978,99999,100002,100026,100032,100034,100131,100133,100150,100160,100162,100164,100172,100174,100185,100187,100278,100280,100304,100315,100317,100319,100322,100452,100454,100527,100529,100550,100553,100555,100561,100566,100569,100696,100698,100715,100718,100720,100728,100731,100735,100743,100834,100836,100873,100878,100885,100962,100964,100980,100985,100990,100992,101001,101009,101090,101092,101121,101124,101128,101139,101142,101225,101227,101248,101254,101256,101258,101262,101266,101273,101338,101340,101360,101363,101432,101434,101450,101454,101460,101472,101480,101482,101567,101569,101598,101601,101605,101610,101612,101662,101665,101746,101748,101764,101768,101771,101846,101849,101853,101856,101933,101935,101968,101974,101978,101981,102116,102118,102132,102134,102136,102142,102145,102152,102160,102166,102169,102173,102176,102178,102180,102202],[10,99812,95603,99814,18],{"id":99813},"python-set-difference-method",[15,99815,99816],{},"difference()",[20,99818,99819,99822],{},[15,99820,99821],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,99824,99825],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[33,99827,3002],{"id":3001},[38,99829,99831],{"className":40,"code":99830,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,99832,99833,99857,99877,99895],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99834,99835,99837,99839,99841,99843,99845,99847,99849,99851,99853,99855],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99836,1208],{"class":53},[47,99838,58],{"class":57},[47,99840,9890],{"class":83},[47,99842,2377],{"class":586},[47,99844,590],{"class":83},[47,99846,2382],{"class":586},[47,99848,590],{"class":83},[47,99850,1841],{"class":586},[47,99852,590],{"class":83},[47,99854,1847],{"class":586},[47,99856,8707],{"class":83},[47,99858,99859,99861,99863,99865,99867,99869,99871,99873,99875],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99860,1221],{"class":53},[47,99862,58],{"class":57},[47,99864,9890],{"class":83},[47,99866,1455],{"class":586},[47,99868,590],{"class":83},[47,99870,1847],{"class":586},[47,99872,590],{"class":83},[47,99874,4002],{"class":586},[47,99876,8707],{"class":83},[47,99878,99879,99881,99883,99885,99887,99889,99891,99893],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,99880,75],{"class":53},[47,99882,58],{"class":57},[47,99884,56293],{"class":53},[47,99886,84],{"class":83},[47,99888,2201],{"class":87},[47,99890,101],{"class":83},[47,99892,4158],{"class":87},[47,99894,107],{"class":83},[47,99896,99897,99899,99901,99903],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,99898,98],{"class":97},[47,99900,101],{"class":83},[47,99902,104],{"class":87},[47,99904,107],{"class":83},[20,99906,338],{},[38,99908,99910],{"className":40,"code":99909,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2}\n",[15,99911,99912],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99913,99914,99916,99918,99920,99922],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99915,8676],{"class":83},[47,99917,2377],{"class":586},[47,99919,590],{"class":83},[47,99921,2382],{"class":586},[47,99923,8707],{"class":83},[20,99925,99926,99928,99929,99931,99932,84],{},[15,99927,99816],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,99930,154],{}," that are not in ",[15,99933,4158],{},[44320,99935],{},[33,99937,128,99939,131],{"id":99938},"what-difference-does",[15,99940,99816],{},[20,99942,1371,99943,99945,99946,99948],{},[15,99944,99816],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[121,99947,123],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,99950,12452],{},[133,99952,99953,99958,99961,99964],{},[136,99954,99955,99957],{},[15,99956,99816],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[136,99959,99960],{},"It creates a new set",[136,99962,99963],{},"It does not change the original set",[136,99965,99966],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,99968,95727,99969,84],{},[154,99970,95731],{"href":96902},[44320,99972],{},[33,99974,166],{"id":165},[20,99976,99977],{},"Use this form:",[38,99979,99981],{"className":40,"code":99980,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,99982,99983],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99984,99985,99988,99990,99992,99994,99997],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99986,99987],{"class":53},"set1",[47,99989,84],{"class":83},[47,99991,2201],{"class":87},[47,99993,101],{"class":83},[47,99995,99996],{"class":87},"set2",[47,99998,107],{"class":83},[20,100000,100001],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[38,100003,100005],{"className":40,"code":100004,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100006,100007],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100008,100009,100011,100013,100015,100017,100019,100021,100024],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100010,99987],{"class":53},[47,100012,84],{"class":83},[47,100014,2201],{"class":87},[47,100016,101],{"class":83},[47,100018,99996],{"class":87},[47,100020,590],{"class":83},[47,100022,100023],{"class":87}," set3",[47,100025,107],{"class":83},[20,100027,100028,100029,100031],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[121,100030,4753],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100033,538],{},[38,100035,100037],{"className":40,"code":100036,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100038,100039,100067,100083,100095,100099,100121],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100040,100041,100043,100045,100047,100049,100051,100053,100055,100057,100059,100061,100063,100065],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100042,1208],{"class":53},[47,100044,58],{"class":57},[47,100046,9890],{"class":83},[47,100048,2377],{"class":586},[47,100050,590],{"class":83},[47,100052,2382],{"class":586},[47,100054,590],{"class":83},[47,100056,1841],{"class":586},[47,100058,590],{"class":83},[47,100060,1847],{"class":586},[47,100062,590],{"class":83},[47,100064,4002],{"class":586},[47,100066,8707],{"class":83},[47,100068,100069,100071,100073,100075,100077,100079,100081],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,100070,1221],{"class":53},[47,100072,58],{"class":57},[47,100074,9890],{"class":83},[47,100076,1449],{"class":586},[47,100078,590],{"class":83},[47,100080,1841],{"class":586},[47,100082,8707],{"class":83},[47,100084,100085,100087,100089,100091,100093],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,100086,82591],{"class":53},[47,100088,58],{"class":57},[47,100090,9890],{"class":83},[47,100092,1531],{"class":586},[47,100094,8707],{"class":83},[47,100096,100097],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,100098,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,100100,100101,100103,100105,100107,100109,100111,100113,100115,100117,100119],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,100102,75],{"class":53},[47,100104,58],{"class":57},[47,100106,56293],{"class":53},[47,100108,84],{"class":83},[47,100110,2201],{"class":87},[47,100112,101],{"class":83},[47,100114,4158],{"class":87},[47,100116,590],{"class":83},[47,100118,9080],{"class":87},[47,100120,107],{"class":83},[47,100122,100123,100125,100127,100129],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,100124,98],{"class":97},[47,100126,101],{"class":83},[47,100128,104],{"class":87},[47,100130,107],{"class":83},[20,100132,338],{},[38,100134,100136],{"className":40,"code":100135,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100137,100138],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100139,100140,100142,100144,100146,100148],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100141,8676],{"class":83},[47,100143,2377],{"class":586},[47,100145,590],{"class":83},[47,100147,1847],{"class":586},[47,100149,8707],{"class":83},[20,100151,100152,100153,100155,100156,158,100158,84],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100154,154],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100157,4158],{},[15,100159,9138],{},[44320,100161],{},[33,100163,16821],{"id":16820},[20,100165,100166,100168,100169,84],{},[15,100167,99816],{}," always returns a ",[121,100170,100171],{},"new set",[20,100173,43053],{},[133,100175,100176,100179,100182],{},[136,100177,100178],{},"The return value is a new set",[136,100180,100181],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[136,100183,100184],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100186,538],{},[38,100188,100190],{"className":40,"code":100189,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100191,100192,100208,100228,100232,100250,100254,100264],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100193,100194,100196,100198,100200,100202,100204,100206],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100195,1208],{"class":53},[47,100197,58],{"class":57},[47,100199,9890],{"class":83},[47,100201,2377],{"class":586},[47,100203,590],{"class":83},[47,100205,2382],{"class":586},[47,100207,8707],{"class":83},[47,100209,100210,100212,100214,100216,100218,100220,100222,100224,100226],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,100211,1221],{"class":53},[47,100213,58],{"class":57},[47,100215,9890],{"class":83},[47,100217,2377],{"class":586},[47,100219,590],{"class":83},[47,100221,2382],{"class":586},[47,100223,590],{"class":83},[47,100225,1841],{"class":586},[47,100227,8707],{"class":83},[47,100229,100230],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,100231,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,100233,100234,100236,100238,100240,100242,100244,100246,100248],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,100235,75],{"class":53},[47,100237,58],{"class":57},[47,100239,56293],{"class":53},[47,100241,84],{"class":83},[47,100243,2201],{"class":87},[47,100245,101],{"class":83},[47,100247,4158],{"class":87},[47,100249,107],{"class":83},[47,100251,100252],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,100253,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,100255,100256,100258,100260,100262],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,100257,98],{"class":97},[47,100259,101],{"class":83},[47,100261,104],{"class":87},[47,100263,107],{"class":83},[47,100265,100266,100268,100270,100272,100274,100276],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,100267,98],{"class":97},[47,100269,101],{"class":83},[47,100271,2613],{"class":919},[47,100273,101],{"class":83},[47,100275,104],{"class":87},[47,100277,1419],{"class":83},[20,100279,338],{},[38,100281,100282],{"className":40,"code":98690,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,100283,100284,100290],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100285,100286,100288],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100287,5687],{"class":919},[47,100289,91],{"class":83},[47,100291,100292,100294,100296,100298,100300,100302],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,100293,2682],{"class":57},[47,100295,2685],{"class":1458},[47,100297,2688],{"class":61},[47,100299,5687],{"class":65},[47,100301,2693],{"class":61},[47,100303,2696],{"class":57},[20,100305,100306,100307,18365,100309,100311,100312,100314],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100308,3193],{},[15,100310,3188],{},". In Python, ",[15,100313,3188],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44320,100316],{},[33,100318,268],{"id":267},[20,100320,100321],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[38,100323,100325],{"className":40,"code":100324,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100326,100327,100360,100393,100397,100417,100421,100431,100442],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100328,100329,100332,100334,100336,100338,100340,100342,100344,100346,100348,100350,100352,100354,100356,100358],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100330,100331],{"class":53},"fruits_a ",[47,100333,58],{"class":57},[47,100335,9890],{"class":83},[47,100337,253],{"class":61},[47,100339,3475],{"class":65},[47,100341,253],{"class":61},[47,100343,590],{"class":83},[47,100345,62],{"class":61},[47,100347,288],{"class":65},[47,100349,253],{"class":61},[47,100351,590],{"class":83},[47,100353,62],{"class":61},[47,100355,32627],{"class":65},[47,100357,253],{"class":61},[47,100359,8707],{"class":83},[47,100361,100362,100365,100367,100369,100371,100373,100375,100377,100379,100381,100383,100385,100387,100389,100391],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,100363,100364],{"class":53},"fruits_b ",[47,100366,58],{"class":57},[47,100368,9890],{"class":83},[47,100370,253],{"class":61},[47,100372,288],{"class":65},[47,100374,253],{"class":61},[47,100376,590],{"class":83},[47,100378,62],{"class":61},[47,100380,32627],{"class":65},[47,100382,253],{"class":61},[47,100384,590],{"class":83},[47,100386,62],{"class":61},[47,100388,21935],{"class":65},[47,100390,253],{"class":61},[47,100392,8707],{"class":83},[47,100394,100395],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,100396,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,100398,100399,100401,100403,100406,100408,100410,100412,100415],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,100400,75],{"class":53},[47,100402,58],{"class":57},[47,100404,100405],{"class":53}," fruits_a",[47,100407,84],{"class":83},[47,100409,2201],{"class":87},[47,100411,101],{"class":83},[47,100413,100414],{"class":87},"fruits_b",[47,100416,107],{"class":83},[47,100418,100419],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,100420,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,100422,100423,100425,100427,100429],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,100424,98],{"class":97},[47,100426,101],{"class":83},[47,100428,104],{"class":87},[47,100430,107],{"class":83},[47,100432,100433,100435,100437,100440],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,100434,98],{"class":97},[47,100436,101],{"class":83},[47,100438,100439],{"class":87},"fruits_a",[47,100441,107],{"class":83},[47,100443,100444,100446,100448,100450],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,100445,98],{"class":97},[47,100447,101],{"class":83},[47,100449,100414],{"class":87},[47,100451,107],{"class":83},[20,100453,29434],{},[38,100455,100457],{"className":40,"code":100456,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,100458,100459,100471,100499],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100460,100461,100463,100465,100467,100469],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100462,8676],{"class":83},[47,100464,2693],{"class":61},[47,100466,3475],{"class":65},[47,100468,2693],{"class":61},[47,100470,8707],{"class":83},[47,100472,100473,100475,100477,100479,100481,100483,100485,100487,100489,100491,100493,100495,100497],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,100474,8676],{"class":83},[47,100476,2693],{"class":61},[47,100478,288],{"class":65},[47,100480,2693],{"class":61},[47,100482,590],{"class":83},[47,100484,2688],{"class":61},[47,100486,32627],{"class":65},[47,100488,2693],{"class":61},[47,100490,590],{"class":83},[47,100492,2688],{"class":61},[47,100494,3475],{"class":65},[47,100496,2693],{"class":61},[47,100498,8707],{"class":83},[47,100500,100501,100503,100505,100507,100509,100511,100513,100515,100517,100519,100521,100523,100525],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,100502,8676],{"class":83},[47,100504,2693],{"class":61},[47,100506,288],{"class":65},[47,100508,2693],{"class":61},[47,100510,590],{"class":83},[47,100512,2688],{"class":61},[47,100514,32627],{"class":65},[47,100516,2693],{"class":61},[47,100518,590],{"class":83},[47,100520,2688],{"class":61},[47,100522,21935],{"class":65},[47,100524,2693],{"class":61},[47,100526,8707],{"class":83},[20,100528,11082],{},[133,100530,100531,100536,100541,100547],{},[136,100532,100533,100534],{},"Start with ",[15,100535,100439],{},[136,100537,100538,100539],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,100540,100414],{},[136,100542,100543,100544,100546],{},"Only ",[15,100545,57239],{}," remains",[136,100548,100549],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,100551,100552],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44320,100554],{},[33,100556,7816,100558,100560],{"id":100557},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,100559,99816],{}," with multiple sets",[20,100562,100563,100564,84],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,100565,99816],{},[20,100567,100568],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[38,100570,100572],{"className":40,"code":100571,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100573,100574,100606,100623,100636,100653,100657,100686],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100575,100576,100578,100580,100582,100584,100586,100588,100590,100592,100594,100596,100598,100600,100602,100604],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100577,3012],{"class":53},[47,100579,58],{"class":57},[47,100581,9890],{"class":83},[47,100583,2377],{"class":586},[47,100585,590],{"class":83},[47,100587,2382],{"class":586},[47,100589,590],{"class":83},[47,100591,1841],{"class":586},[47,100593,590],{"class":83},[47,100595,1847],{"class":586},[47,100597,590],{"class":83},[47,100599,4002],{"class":586},[47,100601,590],{"class":83},[47,100603,37048],{"class":586},[47,100605,8707],{"class":83},[47,100607,100608,100611,100613,100615,100617,100619,100621],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,100609,100610],{"class":53},"group_a ",[47,100612,58],{"class":57},[47,100614,9890],{"class":83},[47,100616,1449],{"class":586},[47,100618,590],{"class":83},[47,100620,1847],{"class":586},[47,100622,8707],{"class":83},[47,100624,100625,100628,100630,100632,100634],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,100626,100627],{"class":53},"group_b ",[47,100629,58],{"class":57},[47,100631,9890],{"class":83},[47,100633,1531],{"class":586},[47,100635,8707],{"class":83},[47,100637,100638,100641,100643,100645,100647,100649,100651],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,100639,100640],{"class":53},"group_c ",[47,100642,58],{"class":57},[47,100644,9890],{"class":83},[47,100646,79999],{"class":586},[47,100648,590],{"class":83},[47,100650,587],{"class":586},[47,100652,8707],{"class":83},[47,100654,100655],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,100656,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,100658,100659,100661,100663,100665,100667,100669,100671,100674,100676,100679,100681,100684],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,100660,75],{"class":53},[47,100662,58],{"class":57},[47,100664,3659],{"class":53},[47,100666,84],{"class":83},[47,100668,2201],{"class":87},[47,100670,101],{"class":83},[47,100672,100673],{"class":87},"group_a",[47,100675,590],{"class":83},[47,100677,100678],{"class":87}," group_b",[47,100680,590],{"class":83},[47,100682,100683],{"class":87}," group_c",[47,100685,107],{"class":83},[47,100687,100688,100690,100692,100694],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,100689,98],{"class":97},[47,100691,101],{"class":83},[47,100693,104],{"class":87},[47,100695,107],{"class":83},[20,100697,338],{},[38,100699,100701],{"className":40,"code":100700,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 3}\n",[15,100702,100703],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100704,100705,100707,100709,100711,100713],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100706,8676],{"class":83},[47,100708,2377],{"class":586},[47,100710,590],{"class":83},[47,100712,1841],{"class":586},[47,100714,8707],{"class":83},[20,100716,100717],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44320,100719],{},[33,100721,100723,9985,100725],{"id":100722},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,100724,99816],{},[15,100726,100727],{},"difference_update()",[20,100729,100730],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[724,100732,100733],{"id":2201},[15,100734,99816],{},[133,100736,100737,100740],{},[136,100738,100739],{},"Returns a new set",[136,100741,100742],{},"Does not change the original set",[38,100744,100746],{"className":40,"code":100745,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,100747,100748,100772,100788,100792,100810,100814,100824],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100749,100750,100752,100754,100756,100758,100760,100762,100764,100766,100768,100770],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100751,1208],{"class":53},[47,100753,58],{"class":57},[47,100755,9890],{"class":83},[47,100757,2377],{"class":586},[47,100759,590],{"class":83},[47,100761,2382],{"class":586},[47,100763,590],{"class":83},[47,100765,1841],{"class":586},[47,100767,590],{"class":83},[47,100769,1847],{"class":586},[47,100771,8707],{"class":83},[47,100773,100774,100776,100778,100780,100782,100784,100786],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,100775,1221],{"class":53},[47,100777,58],{"class":57},[47,100779,9890],{"class":83},[47,100781,1455],{"class":586},[47,100783,590],{"class":83},[47,100785,1847],{"class":586},[47,100787,8707],{"class":83},[47,100789,100790],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,100791,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,100793,100794,100796,100798,100800,100802,100804,100806,100808],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,100795,75],{"class":53},[47,100797,58],{"class":57},[47,100799,56293],{"class":53},[47,100801,84],{"class":83},[47,100803,2201],{"class":87},[47,100805,101],{"class":83},[47,100807,4158],{"class":87},[47,100809,107],{"class":83},[47,100811,100812],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,100813,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,100815,100816,100818,100820,100822],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,100817,98],{"class":97},[47,100819,101],{"class":83},[47,100821,104],{"class":87},[47,100823,107],{"class":83},[47,100825,100826,100828,100830,100832],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,100827,98],{"class":97},[47,100829,101],{"class":83},[47,100831,154],{"class":87},[47,100833,107],{"class":83},[20,100835,338],{},[38,100837,100839],{"className":40,"code":100838,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,100840,100841,100853],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100842,100843,100845,100847,100849,100851],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100844,8676],{"class":83},[47,100846,2377],{"class":586},[47,100848,590],{"class":83},[47,100850,2382],{"class":586},[47,100852,8707],{"class":83},[47,100854,100855,100857,100859,100861,100863,100865,100867,100869,100871],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,100856,8676],{"class":83},[47,100858,2377],{"class":586},[47,100860,590],{"class":83},[47,100862,2382],{"class":586},[47,100864,590],{"class":83},[47,100866,1841],{"class":586},[47,100868,590],{"class":83},[47,100870,1847],{"class":586},[47,100872,8707],{"class":83},[724,100874,100876],{"id":100875},"difference_update",[15,100877,100727],{},[133,100879,100880,100883],{},[136,100881,100882],{},"Changes the original set",[136,100884,95721],{},[38,100886,100888],{"className":40,"code":100887,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,100889,100890,100914,100930,100934,100948,100952],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100891,100892,100894,100896,100898,100900,100902,100904,100906,100908,100910,100912],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100893,1208],{"class":53},[47,100895,58],{"class":57},[47,100897,9890],{"class":83},[47,100899,2377],{"class":586},[47,100901,590],{"class":83},[47,100903,2382],{"class":586},[47,100905,590],{"class":83},[47,100907,1841],{"class":586},[47,100909,590],{"class":83},[47,100911,1847],{"class":586},[47,100913,8707],{"class":83},[47,100915,100916,100918,100920,100922,100924,100926,100928],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,100917,1221],{"class":53},[47,100919,58],{"class":57},[47,100921,9890],{"class":83},[47,100923,1455],{"class":586},[47,100925,590],{"class":83},[47,100927,1847],{"class":586},[47,100929,8707],{"class":83},[47,100931,100932],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,100933,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,100935,100936,100938,100940,100942,100944,100946],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,100937,154],{"class":53},[47,100939,84],{"class":83},[47,100941,100875],{"class":87},[47,100943,101],{"class":83},[47,100945,4158],{"class":87},[47,100947,107],{"class":83},[47,100949,100950],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,100951,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,100953,100954,100956,100958,100960],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,100955,98],{"class":97},[47,100957,101],{"class":83},[47,100959,154],{"class":87},[47,100961,107],{"class":83},[20,100963,338],{},[38,100965,100966],{"className":40,"code":99909,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,100967,100968],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100969,100970,100972,100974,100976,100978],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100971,8676],{"class":83},[47,100973,2377],{"class":586},[47,100975,590],{"class":83},[47,100977,2382],{"class":586},[47,100979,8707],{"class":83},[20,100981,1486,100982,100984],{},[15,100983,99816],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,100986,100987,100988,894],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,100989,100727],{},[44320,100991],{},[33,100993,100995,100997,100998,101000],{"id":100994},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,100996,99816],{}," vs the ",[15,100999,1413],{}," operator",[20,101002,1371,101003,101005,101006,101008],{},[15,101004,1413],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101007,99816],{}," for two sets.",[38,101010,101012],{"className":40,"code":101011,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101013,101014,101038,101054,101058,101076],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101015,101016,101018,101020,101022,101024,101026,101028,101030,101032,101034,101036],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101017,1208],{"class":53},[47,101019,58],{"class":57},[47,101021,9890],{"class":83},[47,101023,2377],{"class":586},[47,101025,590],{"class":83},[47,101027,2382],{"class":586},[47,101029,590],{"class":83},[47,101031,1841],{"class":586},[47,101033,590],{"class":83},[47,101035,1847],{"class":586},[47,101037,8707],{"class":83},[47,101039,101040,101042,101044,101046,101048,101050,101052],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,101041,1221],{"class":53},[47,101043,58],{"class":57},[47,101045,9890],{"class":83},[47,101047,1455],{"class":586},[47,101049,590],{"class":83},[47,101051,1847],{"class":586},[47,101053,8707],{"class":83},[47,101055,101056],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,101057,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,101059,101060,101062,101064,101066,101068,101070,101072,101074],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,101061,98],{"class":97},[47,101063,101],{"class":83},[47,101065,154],{"class":87},[47,101067,84],{"class":83},[47,101069,2201],{"class":87},[47,101071,101],{"class":83},[47,101073,4158],{"class":87},[47,101075,1419],{"class":83},[47,101077,101078,101080,101082,101084,101086,101088],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,101079,98],{"class":97},[47,101081,101],{"class":83},[47,101083,1208],{"class":87},[47,101085,1413],{"class":57},[47,101087,1253],{"class":87},[47,101089,107],{"class":83},[20,101091,338],{},[38,101093,101095],{"className":40,"code":101094,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101096,101097,101109],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101098,101099,101101,101103,101105,101107],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101100,8676],{"class":83},[47,101102,2377],{"class":586},[47,101104,590],{"class":83},[47,101106,2382],{"class":586},[47,101108,8707],{"class":83},[47,101110,101111,101113,101115,101117,101119],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,101112,8676],{"class":83},[47,101114,2377],{"class":586},[47,101116,590],{"class":83},[47,101118,2382],{"class":586},[47,101120,8707],{"class":83},[20,101122,101123],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101125,93993,101126,1883],{},[15,101127,99816],{},[133,101129,101130,101133,101136],{},[136,101131,101132],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[136,101134,101135],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[136,101137,101138],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101140,101141],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[38,101143,101145],{"className":40,"code":101144,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101146,101147,101175,101187,101199,101203],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101148,101149,101151,101153,101155,101157,101159,101161,101163,101165,101167,101169,101171,101173],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101150,1208],{"class":53},[47,101152,58],{"class":57},[47,101154,9890],{"class":83},[47,101156,2377],{"class":586},[47,101158,590],{"class":83},[47,101160,2382],{"class":586},[47,101162,590],{"class":83},[47,101164,1841],{"class":586},[47,101166,590],{"class":83},[47,101168,1847],{"class":586},[47,101170,590],{"class":83},[47,101172,4002],{"class":586},[47,101174,8707],{"class":83},[47,101176,101177,101179,101181,101183,101185],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,101178,1221],{"class":53},[47,101180,58],{"class":57},[47,101182,9890],{"class":83},[47,101184,1449],{"class":586},[47,101186,8707],{"class":83},[47,101188,101189,101191,101193,101195,101197],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,101190,82591],{"class":53},[47,101192,58],{"class":57},[47,101194,9890],{"class":83},[47,101196,1896],{"class":586},[47,101198,8707],{"class":83},[47,101200,101201],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,101202,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,101204,101205,101207,101209,101211,101213,101215,101217,101219,101221,101223],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,101206,98],{"class":97},[47,101208,101],{"class":83},[47,101210,154],{"class":87},[47,101212,84],{"class":83},[47,101214,2201],{"class":87},[47,101216,101],{"class":83},[47,101218,4158],{"class":87},[47,101220,590],{"class":83},[47,101222,9080],{"class":87},[47,101224,1419],{"class":83},[20,101226,338],{},[38,101228,101230],{"className":40,"code":101229,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101231,101232],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101233,101234,101236,101238,101240,101242,101244,101246],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101235,8676],{"class":83},[47,101237,2377],{"class":586},[47,101239,590],{"class":83},[47,101241,1841],{"class":586},[47,101243,590],{"class":83},[47,101245,4002],{"class":586},[47,101247,8707],{"class":83},[20,101249,101250,101251,101253],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101252,1413],{}," operator expression.",[44320,101255],{},[33,101257,3915],{"id":3914},[20,101259,20613,101260,84],{},[15,101261,99816],{},[724,101263,101265],{"id":101264},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101267,4025,101268,101270,101271,1032],{},[121,101269,123],{}," change ",[15,101272,154],{},[38,101274,101276],{"className":40,"code":101275,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101277,101278,101298,101310,101314,101328],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101279,101280,101282,101284,101286,101288,101290,101292,101294,101296],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101281,1208],{"class":53},[47,101283,58],{"class":57},[47,101285,9890],{"class":83},[47,101287,2377],{"class":586},[47,101289,590],{"class":83},[47,101291,2382],{"class":586},[47,101293,590],{"class":83},[47,101295,1841],{"class":586},[47,101297,8707],{"class":83},[47,101299,101300,101302,101304,101306,101308],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,101301,1221],{"class":53},[47,101303,58],{"class":57},[47,101305,9890],{"class":83},[47,101307,1455],{"class":586},[47,101309,8707],{"class":83},[47,101311,101312],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,101313,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,101315,101316,101318,101320,101322,101324,101326],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,101317,154],{"class":53},[47,101319,84],{"class":83},[47,101321,2201],{"class":87},[47,101323,101],{"class":83},[47,101325,4158],{"class":87},[47,101327,107],{"class":83},[47,101329,101330,101332,101334,101336],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,101331,98],{"class":97},[47,101333,101],{"class":83},[47,101335,154],{"class":87},[47,101337,107],{"class":83},[20,101339,338],{},[38,101341,101342],{"className":40,"code":96010,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,101343,101344],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101345,101346,101348,101350,101352,101354,101356,101358],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101347,8676],{"class":83},[47,101349,2377],{"class":586},[47,101351,590],{"class":83},[47,101353,2382],{"class":586},[47,101355,590],{"class":83},[47,101357,1841],{"class":586},[47,101359,8707],{"class":83},[20,101361,101362],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[38,101364,101366],{"className":40,"code":101365,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101367,101368,101388,101400,101404,101422],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101369,101370,101372,101374,101376,101378,101380,101382,101384,101386],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101371,1208],{"class":53},[47,101373,58],{"class":57},[47,101375,9890],{"class":83},[47,101377,2377],{"class":586},[47,101379,590],{"class":83},[47,101381,2382],{"class":586},[47,101383,590],{"class":83},[47,101385,1841],{"class":586},[47,101387,8707],{"class":83},[47,101389,101390,101392,101394,101396,101398],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,101391,1221],{"class":53},[47,101393,58],{"class":57},[47,101395,9890],{"class":83},[47,101397,1455],{"class":586},[47,101399,8707],{"class":83},[47,101401,101402],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,101403,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,101405,101406,101408,101410,101412,101414,101416,101418,101420],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,101407,1208],{"class":53},[47,101409,58],{"class":57},[47,101411,56293],{"class":53},[47,101413,84],{"class":83},[47,101415,2201],{"class":87},[47,101417,101],{"class":83},[47,101419,4158],{"class":87},[47,101421,107],{"class":83},[47,101423,101424,101426,101428,101430],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,101425,98],{"class":97},[47,101427,101],{"class":83},[47,101429,154],{"class":87},[47,101431,107],{"class":83},[20,101433,338],{},[38,101435,101436],{"className":40,"code":99909,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,101437,101438],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101439,101440,101442,101444,101446,101448],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101441,8676],{"class":83},[47,101443,2377],{"class":586},[47,101445,590],{"class":83},[47,101447,2382],{"class":586},[47,101449,8707],{"class":83},[724,101451,101453],{"id":101452},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,101455,101456,101459],{},[15,101457,101458],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[133,101461,101462,101467],{},[136,101463,101464,101465],{},"keep items from ",[15,101466,154],{},[136,101468,101469,101470],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,101471,4158],{},[20,101473,40309,101474,101476,101477,101479],{},[121,101475,123],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,101478,4158],{},"”.",[20,101481,538],{},[38,101483,101485],{"className":40,"code":101484,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,101486,101487,101507,101527,101531,101549],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101488,101489,101491,101493,101495,101497,101499,101501,101503,101505],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101490,1208],{"class":53},[47,101492,58],{"class":57},[47,101494,9890],{"class":83},[47,101496,2377],{"class":586},[47,101498,590],{"class":83},[47,101500,2382],{"class":586},[47,101502,590],{"class":83},[47,101504,1841],{"class":586},[47,101506,8707],{"class":83},[47,101508,101509,101511,101513,101515,101517,101519,101521,101523,101525],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,101510,1221],{"class":53},[47,101512,58],{"class":57},[47,101514,9890],{"class":83},[47,101516,1455],{"class":586},[47,101518,590],{"class":83},[47,101520,1847],{"class":586},[47,101522,590],{"class":83},[47,101524,4002],{"class":586},[47,101526,8707],{"class":83},[47,101528,101529],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,101530,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,101532,101533,101535,101537,101539,101541,101543,101545,101547],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,101534,98],{"class":97},[47,101536,101],{"class":83},[47,101538,154],{"class":87},[47,101540,84],{"class":83},[47,101542,2201],{"class":87},[47,101544,101],{"class":83},[47,101546,4158],{"class":87},[47,101548,1419],{"class":83},[47,101550,101551,101553,101555,101557,101559,101561,101563,101565],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,101552,98],{"class":97},[47,101554,101],{"class":83},[47,101556,4158],{"class":87},[47,101558,84],{"class":83},[47,101560,2201],{"class":87},[47,101562,101],{"class":83},[47,101564,154],{"class":87},[47,101566,1419],{"class":83},[20,101568,338],{},[38,101570,101572],{"className":40,"code":101571,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,101573,101574,101586],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101575,101576,101578,101580,101582,101584],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101577,8676],{"class":83},[47,101579,2377],{"class":586},[47,101581,590],{"class":83},[47,101583,2382],{"class":586},[47,101585,8707],{"class":83},[47,101587,101588,101590,101592,101594,101596],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,101589,8676],{"class":83},[47,101591,1896],{"class":586},[47,101593,590],{"class":83},[47,101595,4002],{"class":586},[47,101597,8707],{"class":83},[20,101599,101600],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[724,101602,101604],{"id":101603},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,101606,101607,101609],{},[15,101608,99816],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,101611,54724],{},[38,101613,101615],{"className":40,"code":101614,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,101616,101617,101637,101653,101657],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101618,101619,101621,101623,101625,101627,101629,101631,101633,101635],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101620,1208],{"class":53},[47,101622,58],{"class":57},[47,101624,3017],{"class":83},[47,101626,2377],{"class":586},[47,101628,590],{"class":83},[47,101630,2382],{"class":586},[47,101632,590],{"class":83},[47,101634,1841],{"class":586},[47,101636,3030],{"class":83},[47,101638,101639,101641,101643,101645,101647,101649,101651],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,101640,1221],{"class":53},[47,101642,58],{"class":57},[47,101644,3017],{"class":83},[47,101646,1455],{"class":586},[47,101648,590],{"class":83},[47,101650,1847],{"class":586},[47,101652,3030],{"class":83},[47,101654,101655],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,101656,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,101658,101659],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,101660,101661],{"class":113},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,101663,101664],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[38,101666,101668],{"className":40,"code":101667,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,101669,101670,101690,101706,101710,101736],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101671,101672,101674,101676,101678,101680,101682,101684,101686,101688],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101673,1208],{"class":53},[47,101675,58],{"class":57},[47,101677,3017],{"class":83},[47,101679,2377],{"class":586},[47,101681,590],{"class":83},[47,101683,2382],{"class":586},[47,101685,590],{"class":83},[47,101687,1841],{"class":586},[47,101689,3030],{"class":83},[47,101691,101692,101694,101696,101698,101700,101702,101704],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,101693,1221],{"class":53},[47,101695,58],{"class":57},[47,101697,3017],{"class":83},[47,101699,1455],{"class":586},[47,101701,590],{"class":83},[47,101703,1847],{"class":586},[47,101705,3030],{"class":83},[47,101707,101708],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,101709,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,101711,101712,101714,101716,101718,101720,101722,101724,101726,101728,101730,101732,101734],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,101713,75],{"class":53},[47,101715,58],{"class":57},[47,101717,15036],{"class":919},[47,101719,101],{"class":83},[47,101721,154],{"class":87},[47,101723,927],{"class":83},[47,101725,2201],{"class":87},[47,101727,101],{"class":83},[47,101729,5687],{"class":919},[47,101731,101],{"class":83},[47,101733,4158],{"class":87},[47,101735,1419],{"class":83},[47,101737,101738,101740,101742,101744],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,101739,98],{"class":97},[47,101741,101],{"class":83},[47,101743,104],{"class":87},[47,101745,107],{"class":83},[20,101747,338],{},[38,101749,101750],{"className":40,"code":99909,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,101751,101752],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101753,101754,101756,101758,101760,101762],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101755,8676],{"class":83},[47,101757,2377],{"class":586},[47,101759,590],{"class":83},[47,101761,2382],{"class":586},[47,101763,8707],{"class":83},[724,101765,101767],{"id":101766},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,101769,101770],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[38,101772,101774],{"className":40,"code":101773,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,101775,101776,101808,101824,101828],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101777,101778,101780,101782,101784,101786,101788,101790,101792,101794,101796,101798,101800,101802,101804,101806],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101779,1208],{"class":53},[47,101781,58],{"class":57},[47,101783,9890],{"class":83},[47,101785,253],{"class":61},[47,101787,36452],{"class":65},[47,101789,253],{"class":61},[47,101791,590],{"class":83},[47,101793,62],{"class":61},[47,101795,57533],{"class":65},[47,101797,253],{"class":61},[47,101799,590],{"class":83},[47,101801,62],{"class":61},[47,101803,57550],{"class":65},[47,101805,253],{"class":61},[47,101807,8707],{"class":83},[47,101809,101810,101812,101814,101816,101818,101820,101822],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,101811,1221],{"class":53},[47,101813,58],{"class":57},[47,101815,9890],{"class":83},[47,101817,253],{"class":61},[47,101819,57533],{"class":65},[47,101821,253],{"class":61},[47,101823,8707],{"class":83},[47,101825,101826],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,101827,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,101829,101830,101832,101834,101836,101838,101840,101842,101844],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,101831,98],{"class":97},[47,101833,101],{"class":83},[47,101835,154],{"class":87},[47,101837,84],{"class":83},[47,101839,2201],{"class":87},[47,101841,101],{"class":83},[47,101843,4158],{"class":87},[47,101845,1419],{"class":83},[20,101847,101848],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[724,101850,101852],{"id":101851},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,101854,101855],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[38,101857,101859],{"className":40,"code":101858,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,101860,101861,101889,101901,101905,101915],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101862,101863,101865,101867,101869,101871,101873,101875,101877,101879,101881,101883,101885,101887],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101864,1208],{"class":53},[47,101866,58],{"class":57},[47,101868,9890],{"class":83},[47,101870,2377],{"class":586},[47,101872,590],{"class":83},[47,101874,4898],{"class":586},[47,101876,590],{"class":83},[47,101878,2382],{"class":586},[47,101880,590],{"class":83},[47,101882,2382],{"class":586},[47,101884,590],{"class":83},[47,101886,1841],{"class":586},[47,101888,8707],{"class":83},[47,101890,101891,101893,101895,101897,101899],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,101892,1221],{"class":53},[47,101894,58],{"class":57},[47,101896,9890],{"class":83},[47,101898,1455],{"class":586},[47,101900,8707],{"class":83},[47,101902,101903],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,101904,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,101906,101907,101909,101911,101913],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,101908,98],{"class":97},[47,101910,101],{"class":83},[47,101912,154],{"class":87},[47,101914,107],{"class":83},[47,101916,101917,101919,101921,101923,101925,101927,101929,101931],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,101918,98],{"class":97},[47,101920,101],{"class":83},[47,101922,154],{"class":87},[47,101924,84],{"class":83},[47,101926,2201],{"class":87},[47,101928,101],{"class":83},[47,101930,4158],{"class":87},[47,101932,1419],{"class":83},[20,101934,338],{},[38,101936,101938],{"className":40,"code":101937,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101939,101940,101956],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101941,101942,101944,101946,101948,101950,101952,101954],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101943,8676],{"class":83},[47,101945,2377],{"class":586},[47,101947,590],{"class":83},[47,101949,2382],{"class":586},[47,101951,590],{"class":83},[47,101953,1841],{"class":586},[47,101955,8707],{"class":83},[47,101957,101958,101960,101962,101964,101966],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,101959,8676],{"class":83},[47,101961,2377],{"class":586},[47,101963,590],{"class":83},[47,101965,2382],{"class":586},[47,101967,8707],{"class":83},[20,101969,101970,101971,101973],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,101972,99816],{}," runs.",[724,101975,101977],{"id":101976},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,101979,101980],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[38,101982,101984],{"className":40,"code":101983,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,101985,101986,102010,102030,102034,102044,102054,102072,102094],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101987,101988,101990,101992,101994,101996,101998,102000,102002,102004,102006,102008],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101989,1208],{"class":53},[47,101991,58],{"class":57},[47,101993,9890],{"class":83},[47,101995,2377],{"class":586},[47,101997,590],{"class":83},[47,101999,2382],{"class":586},[47,102001,590],{"class":83},[47,102003,1841],{"class":586},[47,102005,590],{"class":83},[47,102007,1847],{"class":586},[47,102009,8707],{"class":83},[47,102011,102012,102014,102016,102018,102020,102022,102024,102026,102028],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,102013,1221],{"class":53},[47,102015,58],{"class":57},[47,102017,9890],{"class":83},[47,102019,1455],{"class":586},[47,102021,590],{"class":83},[47,102023,1847],{"class":586},[47,102025,590],{"class":83},[47,102027,4002],{"class":586},[47,102029,8707],{"class":83},[47,102031,102032],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,102033,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,102035,102036,102038,102040,102042],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,102037,98],{"class":97},[47,102039,101],{"class":83},[47,102041,154],{"class":87},[47,102043,107],{"class":83},[47,102045,102046,102048,102050,102052],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,102047,98],{"class":97},[47,102049,101],{"class":83},[47,102051,4158],{"class":87},[47,102053,107],{"class":83},[47,102055,102056,102058,102060,102062,102064,102066,102068,102070],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,102057,98],{"class":97},[47,102059,101],{"class":83},[47,102061,154],{"class":87},[47,102063,84],{"class":83},[47,102065,2201],{"class":87},[47,102067,101],{"class":83},[47,102069,4158],{"class":87},[47,102071,1419],{"class":83},[47,102073,102074,102076,102078,102080,102082,102084,102086,102088,102090,102092],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,102075,98],{"class":97},[47,102077,101],{"class":83},[47,102079,2613],{"class":919},[47,102081,101],{"class":83},[47,102083,154],{"class":87},[47,102085,84],{"class":83},[47,102087,2201],{"class":87},[47,102089,101],{"class":83},[47,102091,4158],{"class":87},[47,102093,2300],{"class":83},[47,102095,102096,102098,102100,102102,102104,102106,102108,102110,102112,102114],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,102097,98],{"class":97},[47,102099,101],{"class":83},[47,102101,10562],{"class":97},[47,102103,101],{"class":83},[47,102105,154],{"class":87},[47,102107,84],{"class":83},[47,102109,2201],{"class":87},[47,102111,101],{"class":83},[47,102113,4158],{"class":87},[47,102115,2300],{"class":83},[20,102117,10571],{},[133,102119,102120,102123,102126,102129],{},[136,102121,102122],{},"what is in each set",[136,102124,102125],{},"what result Python creates",[136,102127,102128],{},"that the result is a set",[136,102130,102131],{},"how many items remain",[44320,102133],{},[33,102135,1155],{"id":1154},[724,102137,1159,102139,102141],{"id":102138},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102140,99816],{}," change the original set?",[20,102143,102144],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[724,102146,4578,102148,1063,102150,1883],{"id":102147},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102149,99816],{},[15,102151,100727],{},[20,102153,102154,102156,102157,102159],{},[15,102155,99816],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102158,100727],{}," modifies the original set.",[724,102161,1190,102163,102165],{"id":102162},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102164,99816],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102167,102168],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[724,102170,102172],{"id":102171},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102174,102175],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44320,102177],{},[33,102179,1275],{"id":1274},[133,102181,102182,102186,102194],{},[136,102183,102184],{},[154,102185,95731],{"href":96902},[136,102187,102188],{},[154,102189,96217,102191,1289],{"href":102190},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102192,102193],{},"intersection()",[136,102195,102196],{},[154,102197,96217,102199,1289],{"href":102198},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102200,102201],{},"union()",[1320,102203,102204],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":102206},[102207,102208,102210,102211,102212,102213,102215,102220,102222,102230,102239],{"id":3001,"depth":72,"text":3002},{"id":99938,"depth":72,"text":102209},"What difference() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":16820,"depth":72,"text":16821},{"id":267,"depth":72,"text":268},{"id":100557,"depth":72,"text":102214},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":100722,"depth":72,"text":102216,"children":102217},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102218,102219],{"id":2201,"depth":94,"text":99816},{"id":100875,"depth":94,"text":100727},{"id":100994,"depth":72,"text":102221},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":3914,"depth":72,"text":3915,"children":102223},[102224,102225,102226,102227,102228,102229],{"id":101264,"depth":94,"text":101265},{"id":101452,"depth":94,"text":101453},{"id":101603,"depth":94,"text":101604},{"id":101766,"depth":94,"text":101767},{"id":101851,"depth":94,"text":101852},{"id":101976,"depth":94,"text":101977},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":102231},[102232,102234,102236,102238],{"id":102138,"depth":94,"text":102233},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102147,"depth":94,"text":102235},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102162,"depth":94,"text":102237},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102171,"depth":94,"text":102172},{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":99808,"description":102240},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102247,"title":102248,"body":102249,"description":103944,"extension":1354,"meta":103945,"navigation":311,"path":103946,"seo":103947,"stem":103948,"__hash__":103949},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102250,"toc":103906},[102251,102257,102263,102276,102278,102379,102381,102426,102431,102436,102440,102454,102457,102465,102467,102486,102504,102508,102561,102563,102584,102591,102596,102623,102630,102729,102731,102768,102776,102780,102786,102789,102862,102864,102872,102877,102946,102948,102973,102975,102978,103081,103083,103144,103147,103151,103157,103230,103232,103265,103268,103271,103311,103317,103340,103345,103349,103360,103363,103365,103369,103375,103377,103434,103444,103446,103499,103506,103511,103579,103587,103593,103597,103599,103638,103643,103692,103696,103699,103701,103740,103743,103745,103750,103807,103809,103823,103825,103829,103835,103840,103845,103852,103863,103869,103874,103876,103903],[10,102252,95603,102254,18],{"id":102253},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102255,102256],{},"discard()",[20,102258,102259,102262],{},[15,102260,102261],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102264,102265,102266,712,102271,13455,102273,102275],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[154,102267,102268],{"href":97611},[15,102269,102270],{},"set.remove()",[15,102272,102256],{},[121,102274,123],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[33,102277,36],{"id":35},[38,102279,102281],{"className":40,"code":102280,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102282,102283,102315,102334,102344,102348,102369],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102284,102285,102287,102289,102291,102293,102295,102297,102299,102301,102303,102305,102307,102309,102311,102313],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102286,12476],{"class":53},[47,102288,58],{"class":57},[47,102290,9890],{"class":83},[47,102292,253],{"class":61},[47,102294,12493],{"class":65},[47,102296,253],{"class":61},[47,102298,590],{"class":83},[47,102300,62],{"class":61},[47,102302,12510],{"class":65},[47,102304,253],{"class":61},[47,102306,590],{"class":83},[47,102308,62],{"class":61},[47,102310,16858],{"class":65},[47,102312,253],{"class":61},[47,102314,8707],{"class":83},[47,102316,102317,102319,102321,102324,102326,102328,102330,102332],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,102318,16905],{"class":53},[47,102320,84],{"class":83},[47,102322,102323],{"class":87},"discard",[47,102325,101],{"class":83},[47,102327,253],{"class":61},[47,102329,12510],{"class":65},[47,102331,253],{"class":61},[47,102333,107],{"class":83},[47,102335,102336,102338,102340,102342],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,102337,98],{"class":97},[47,102339,101],{"class":83},[47,102341,16905],{"class":87},[47,102343,107],{"class":83},[47,102345,102346],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,102347,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,102349,102350,102352,102354,102356,102358,102360,102362,102364,102366],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,102351,16905],{"class":53},[47,102353,84],{"class":83},[47,102355,102323],{"class":87},[47,102357,101],{"class":83},[47,102359,253],{"class":61},[47,102361,21926],{"class":65},[47,102363,253],{"class":61},[47,102365,3057],{"class":83},[47,102367,102368],{"class":113},"  # no error if missing\n",[47,102370,102371,102373,102375,102377],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,102372,98],{"class":97},[47,102374,101],{"class":83},[47,102376,16905],{"class":87},[47,102378,107],{"class":83},[20,102380,29434],{},[38,102382,102384],{"className":40,"code":102383,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102385,102386,102406],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102387,102388,102390,102392,102394,102396,102398,102400,102402,102404],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102389,8676],{"class":83},[47,102391,2693],{"class":61},[47,102393,12493],{"class":65},[47,102395,2693],{"class":61},[47,102397,590],{"class":83},[47,102399,2688],{"class":61},[47,102401,16858],{"class":65},[47,102403,2693],{"class":61},[47,102405,8707],{"class":83},[47,102407,102408,102410,102412,102414,102416,102418,102420,102422,102424],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,102409,8676],{"class":83},[47,102411,2693],{"class":61},[47,102413,12493],{"class":65},[47,102415,2693],{"class":61},[47,102417,590],{"class":83},[47,102419,2688],{"class":61},[47,102421,16858],{"class":65},[47,102423,2693],{"class":61},[47,102425,8707],{"class":83},[20,102427,1486,102428,102430],{},[15,102429,102256],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[33,102432,128,102434,131],{"id":102433},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,102435,102261],{},[20,102437,102438,1032],{},[15,102439,102256],{},[133,102441,102442,102445,102448,102450],{},[136,102443,102444],{},"Removes one item from a set",[136,102446,102447],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[136,102449,95718],{},[136,102451,10824,102452],{},[15,102453,3174],{},[20,102455,102456],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,102458,95727,102459,158,102462,84],{},[154,102460,102461],{"href":98193},"what a set is in Python",[154,102463,102464],{"href":97285},"how to create a set",[33,102466,166],{"id":165},[38,102468,102470],{"className":40,"code":102469,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,102471,102472],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102473,102474,102476,102478,102480,102482,102484],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102475,15069],{"class":53},[47,102477,84],{"class":83},[47,102479,102323],{"class":87},[47,102481,101],{"class":83},[47,102483,1863],{"class":87},[47,102485,107],{"class":83},[133,102487,102488,102493,102498,102501],{},[136,102489,102490,102492],{},[15,102491,15069],{}," is the set you want to change",[136,102494,102495,102497],{},[15,102496,1863],{}," is the item you want to remove",[136,102499,102500],{},"The set must already exist",[136,102502,102503],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[724,102505,102507],{"id":102506},"example","Example",[38,102509,102511],{"className":40,"code":102510,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,102512,102513,102537,102551],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102514,102515,102517,102519,102521,102523,102525,102527,102529,102531,102533,102535],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102516,3012],{"class":53},[47,102518,58],{"class":57},[47,102520,9890],{"class":83},[47,102522,2377],{"class":586},[47,102524,590],{"class":83},[47,102526,2382],{"class":586},[47,102528,590],{"class":83},[47,102530,1841],{"class":586},[47,102532,590],{"class":83},[47,102534,1847],{"class":586},[47,102536,8707],{"class":83},[47,102538,102539,102541,102543,102545,102547,102549],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,102540,3044],{"class":53},[47,102542,84],{"class":83},[47,102544,102323],{"class":87},[47,102546,101],{"class":83},[47,102548,1455],{"class":586},[47,102550,107],{"class":83},[47,102552,102553,102555,102557,102559],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,102554,98],{"class":97},[47,102556,101],{"class":83},[47,102558,3044],{"class":87},[47,102560,107],{"class":83},[20,102562,338],{},[38,102564,102566],{"className":40,"code":102565,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,102567,102568],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102569,102570,102572,102574,102576,102578,102580,102582],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102571,8676],{"class":83},[47,102573,2377],{"class":586},[47,102575,590],{"class":83},[47,102577,2382],{"class":586},[47,102579,590],{"class":83},[47,102581,1847],{"class":586},[47,102583,8707],{"class":83},[33,102585,102587,102588,102590],{"id":102586},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,102589,102256],{}," different",[20,102592,102593,102595],{},[15,102594,102256],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[133,102597,102598,102611,102620],{},[136,102599,102600,102601,712,102605,102607,102608,102610],{},"Unlike ",[154,102602,102603],{"href":97611},[15,102604,54934],{},[15,102606,102256],{}," does not raise ",[15,102609,19089],{}," when the item is missing",[136,102612,102600,102613,712,102617,102619],{},[154,102614,102615],{"href":97616},[15,102616,12162],{},[15,102618,102256],{}," removes a specific item",[136,102621,102622],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[724,102624,102626,9985,102628],{"id":102625},"discard-vs-remove",[15,102627,102256],{},[15,102629,54934],{},[38,102631,102633],{"className":40,"code":102632,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,102634,102635,102659,102663,102684,102694,102698,102719],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102636,102637,102639,102641,102643,102645,102647,102649,102651,102653,102655,102657],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102638,7178],{"class":53},[47,102640,58],{"class":57},[47,102642,9890],{"class":83},[47,102644,253],{"class":61},[47,102646,3475],{"class":65},[47,102648,253],{"class":61},[47,102650,590],{"class":83},[47,102652,62],{"class":61},[47,102654,288],{"class":65},[47,102656,253],{"class":61},[47,102658,8707],{"class":83},[47,102660,102661],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,102662,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,102664,102665,102667,102669,102671,102673,102675,102677,102679,102681],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,102666,7209],{"class":53},[47,102668,84],{"class":83},[47,102670,102323],{"class":87},[47,102672,101],{"class":83},[47,102674,253],{"class":61},[47,102676,32627],{"class":65},[47,102678,253],{"class":61},[47,102680,3057],{"class":83},[47,102682,102683],{"class":113},"   # no error\n",[47,102685,102686,102688,102690,102692],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,102687,98],{"class":97},[47,102689,101],{"class":83},[47,102691,7209],{"class":87},[47,102693,107],{"class":83},[47,102695,102696],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,102697,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,102699,102700,102702,102704,102706,102708,102710,102712,102714,102716],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,102701,7209],{"class":53},[47,102703,84],{"class":83},[47,102705,34197],{"class":87},[47,102707,101],{"class":83},[47,102709,253],{"class":61},[47,102711,288],{"class":65},[47,102713,253],{"class":61},[47,102715,3057],{"class":83},[47,102717,102718],{"class":113},"    # removes existing item\n",[47,102720,102721,102723,102725,102727],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,102722,98],{"class":97},[47,102724,101],{"class":83},[47,102726,7209],{"class":87},[47,102728,107],{"class":83},[20,102730,338],{},[38,102732,102734],{"className":40,"code":102733,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,102735,102736,102756],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102737,102738,102740,102742,102744,102746,102748,102750,102752,102754],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102739,8676],{"class":83},[47,102741,2693],{"class":61},[47,102743,3475],{"class":65},[47,102745,2693],{"class":61},[47,102747,590],{"class":83},[47,102749,2688],{"class":61},[47,102751,288],{"class":65},[47,102753,2693],{"class":61},[47,102755,8707],{"class":83},[47,102757,102758,102760,102762,102764,102766],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,102759,8676],{"class":83},[47,102761,2693],{"class":61},[47,102763,3475],{"class":65},[47,102765,2693],{"class":61},[47,102767,8707],{"class":83},[20,102769,39746,102770,102772,102773,102775],{},[15,102771,54934],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[154,102774,10475],{"href":10474}," for more help with that case.",[33,102777,102779],{"id":102778},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,102781,102782,1786,102784,84],{},[15,102783,102256],{},[15,102785,3174],{},[20,102787,102788],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[38,102790,102792],{"className":40,"code":102791,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,102793,102794,102826,102848,102852],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102795,102796,102798,102800,102802,102804,102806,102808,102810,102812,102814,102816,102818,102820,102822,102824],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102797,12476],{"class":53},[47,102799,58],{"class":57},[47,102801,9890],{"class":83},[47,102803,253],{"class":61},[47,102805,12493],{"class":65},[47,102807,253],{"class":61},[47,102809,590],{"class":83},[47,102811,62],{"class":61},[47,102813,12510],{"class":65},[47,102815,253],{"class":61},[47,102817,590],{"class":83},[47,102819,62],{"class":61},[47,102821,16858],{"class":65},[47,102823,253],{"class":61},[47,102825,8707],{"class":83},[47,102827,102828,102830,102832,102834,102836,102838,102840,102842,102844,102846],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,102829,75],{"class":53},[47,102831,58],{"class":57},[47,102833,12524],{"class":53},[47,102835,84],{"class":83},[47,102837,102323],{"class":87},[47,102839,101],{"class":83},[47,102841,253],{"class":61},[47,102843,12510],{"class":65},[47,102845,253],{"class":61},[47,102847,107],{"class":83},[47,102849,102850],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,102851,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,102853,102854,102856,102858,102860],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,102855,98],{"class":97},[47,102857,101],{"class":83},[47,102859,104],{"class":87},[47,102861,107],{"class":83},[20,102863,338],{},[38,102865,102866],{"className":40,"code":11207,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,102867,102868],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102869,102870],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102871,11207],{"class":1271},[20,102873,102874,102875,1032],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,102876,16905],{},[38,102878,102880],{"className":40,"code":102879,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102881,102882,102914,102932,102936],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102883,102884,102886,102888,102890,102892,102894,102896,102898,102900,102902,102904,102906,102908,102910,102912],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102885,12476],{"class":53},[47,102887,58],{"class":57},[47,102889,9890],{"class":83},[47,102891,253],{"class":61},[47,102893,12493],{"class":65},[47,102895,253],{"class":61},[47,102897,590],{"class":83},[47,102899,62],{"class":61},[47,102901,12510],{"class":65},[47,102903,253],{"class":61},[47,102905,590],{"class":83},[47,102907,62],{"class":61},[47,102909,16858],{"class":65},[47,102911,253],{"class":61},[47,102913,8707],{"class":83},[47,102915,102916,102918,102920,102922,102924,102926,102928,102930],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,102917,16905],{"class":53},[47,102919,84],{"class":83},[47,102921,102323],{"class":87},[47,102923,101],{"class":83},[47,102925,253],{"class":61},[47,102927,12510],{"class":65},[47,102929,253],{"class":61},[47,102931,107],{"class":83},[47,102933,102934],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,102935,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,102937,102938,102940,102942,102944],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,102939,98],{"class":97},[47,102941,101],{"class":83},[47,102943,16905],{"class":87},[47,102945,107],{"class":83},[20,102947,338],{},[38,102949,102951],{"className":40,"code":102950,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102952,102953],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102954,102955,102957,102959,102961,102963,102965,102967,102969,102971],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102956,8676],{"class":83},[47,102958,2693],{"class":61},[47,102960,12493],{"class":65},[47,102962,2693],{"class":61},[47,102964,590],{"class":83},[47,102966,2688],{"class":61},[47,102968,16858],{"class":65},[47,102970,2693],{"class":61},[47,102972,8707],{"class":83},[33,102974,268],{"id":267},[20,102976,102977],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[38,102979,102981],{"className":40,"code":102980,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,102982,102983,103015,103019,103037,103041,103059,103063],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102984,102985,102987,102989,102991,102993,102995,102997,102999,103001,103003,103005,103007,103009,103011,103013],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102986,35643],{"class":53},[47,102988,58],{"class":57},[47,102990,9890],{"class":83},[47,102992,253],{"class":61},[47,102994,3475],{"class":65},[47,102996,253],{"class":61},[47,102998,590],{"class":83},[47,103000,62],{"class":61},[47,103002,288],{"class":65},[47,103004,253],{"class":61},[47,103006,590],{"class":83},[47,103008,62],{"class":61},[47,103010,32627],{"class":65},[47,103012,253],{"class":61},[47,103014,8707],{"class":83},[47,103016,103017],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,103018,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,103020,103021,103023,103025,103027,103029,103031,103033,103035],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,103022,98],{"class":97},[47,103024,101],{"class":83},[47,103026,253],{"class":61},[47,103028,10962],{"class":65},[47,103030,253],{"class":61},[47,103032,590],{"class":83},[47,103034,52256],{"class":87},[47,103036,107],{"class":83},[47,103038,103039],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,103040,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,103042,103043,103045,103047,103049,103051,103053,103055,103057],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,103044,35695],{"class":53},[47,103046,84],{"class":83},[47,103048,102323],{"class":87},[47,103050,101],{"class":83},[47,103052,253],{"class":61},[47,103054,288],{"class":65},[47,103056,253],{"class":61},[47,103058,107],{"class":83},[47,103060,103061],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,103062,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,103064,103065,103067,103069,103071,103073,103075,103077,103079],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,103066,98],{"class":97},[47,103068,101],{"class":83},[47,103070,253],{"class":61},[47,103072,11002],{"class":65},[47,103074,253],{"class":61},[47,103076,590],{"class":83},[47,103078,52256],{"class":87},[47,103080,107],{"class":83},[20,103082,338],{},[38,103084,103086],{"className":40,"code":103085,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103087,103088,103120],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103089,103090,103092,103094,103096,103098,103100,103102,103104,103106,103108,103110,103112,103114,103116,103118],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103091,11022],{"class":53},[47,103093,1032],{"class":83},[47,103095,9890],{"class":83},[47,103097,2693],{"class":61},[47,103099,288],{"class":65},[47,103101,2693],{"class":61},[47,103103,590],{"class":83},[47,103105,2688],{"class":61},[47,103107,3475],{"class":65},[47,103109,2693],{"class":61},[47,103111,590],{"class":83},[47,103113,2688],{"class":61},[47,103115,32627],{"class":65},[47,103117,2693],{"class":61},[47,103119,8707],{"class":83},[47,103121,103122,103124,103126,103128,103130,103132,103134,103136,103138,103140,103142],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,103123,11075],{"class":53},[47,103125,1032],{"class":83},[47,103127,9890],{"class":83},[47,103129,2693],{"class":61},[47,103131,3475],{"class":65},[47,103133,2693],{"class":61},[47,103135,590],{"class":83},[47,103137,2688],{"class":61},[47,103139,32627],{"class":65},[47,103141,2693],{"class":61},[47,103143,8707],{"class":83},[20,103145,103146],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[33,103148,103150],{"id":103149},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103152,103153,103154,103156],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103155,102256],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[38,103158,103160],{"className":40,"code":103159,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103161,103162,103194,103198,103216,103220],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103163,103164,103166,103168,103170,103172,103174,103176,103178,103180,103182,103184,103186,103188,103190,103192],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103165,35643],{"class":53},[47,103167,58],{"class":57},[47,103169,9890],{"class":83},[47,103171,253],{"class":61},[47,103173,3475],{"class":65},[47,103175,253],{"class":61},[47,103177,590],{"class":83},[47,103179,62],{"class":61},[47,103181,288],{"class":65},[47,103183,253],{"class":61},[47,103185,590],{"class":83},[47,103187,62],{"class":61},[47,103189,32627],{"class":65},[47,103191,253],{"class":61},[47,103193,8707],{"class":83},[47,103195,103196],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,103197,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,103199,103200,103202,103204,103206,103208,103210,103212,103214],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,103201,35695],{"class":53},[47,103203,84],{"class":83},[47,103205,102323],{"class":87},[47,103207,101],{"class":83},[47,103209,253],{"class":61},[47,103211,21935],{"class":65},[47,103213,253],{"class":61},[47,103215,107],{"class":83},[47,103217,103218],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,103219,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,103221,103222,103224,103226,103228],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,103223,98],{"class":97},[47,103225,101],{"class":83},[47,103227,35695],{"class":87},[47,103229,107],{"class":83},[20,103231,338],{},[38,103233,103235],{"className":40,"code":103234,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103236,103237],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103238,103239,103241,103243,103245,103247,103249,103251,103253,103255,103257,103259,103261,103263],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103240,8676],{"class":83},[47,103242,2693],{"class":61},[47,103244,288],{"class":65},[47,103246,2693],{"class":61},[47,103248,590],{"class":83},[47,103250,2688],{"class":61},[47,103252,3475],{"class":65},[47,103254,2693],{"class":61},[47,103256,590],{"class":83},[47,103258,2688],{"class":61},[47,103260,32627],{"class":65},[47,103262,2693],{"class":61},[47,103264,8707],{"class":83},[20,103266,103267],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103269,103270],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[38,103272,103274],{"className":40,"code":103273,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103275,103276,103292],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103277,103278,103280,103282,103284,103286,103288,103290],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103279,656],{"class":655},[47,103281,62],{"class":61},[47,103283,21935],{"class":65},[47,103285,253],{"class":61},[47,103287,20575],{"class":57},[47,103289,52256],{"class":53},[47,103291,679],{"class":83},[47,103293,103294,103297,103299,103301,103303,103305,103307,103309],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,103295,103296],{"class":53},"    fruits",[47,103298,84],{"class":83},[47,103300,34197],{"class":87},[47,103302,101],{"class":83},[47,103304,253],{"class":61},[47,103306,21935],{"class":65},[47,103308,253],{"class":61},[47,103310,107],{"class":83},[20,103312,103313,103314,103316],{},"With ",[15,103315,102256],{},", you can simply write:",[38,103318,103320],{"className":40,"code":103319,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103321,103322],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103323,103324,103326,103328,103330,103332,103334,103336,103338],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103325,35695],{"class":53},[47,103327,84],{"class":83},[47,103329,102323],{"class":87},[47,103331,101],{"class":83},[47,103333,253],{"class":61},[47,103335,21935],{"class":65},[47,103337,253],{"class":61},[47,103339,107],{"class":83},[33,103341,603,103343],{"id":103342},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103344,102256],{},[20,103346,1486,103347,10001],{},[15,103348,102256],{},[133,103350,103351,103354,103357],{},[136,103352,103353],{},"Missing values are normal",[136,103355,103356],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[136,103358,103359],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103361,103362],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[33,103364,722],{"id":721},[20,103366,7846,103367,84],{},[15,103368,102256],{},[724,103370,7852,103372,103374],{"id":103371},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103373,102256],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103376,3922],{},[38,103378,103380],{"className":40,"code":103379,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103381,103382,103402,103420,103424],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103383,103384,103386,103388,103390,103392,103394,103396,103398,103400],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103385,3012],{"class":53},[47,103387,58],{"class":57},[47,103389,9890],{"class":83},[47,103391,2377],{"class":586},[47,103393,590],{"class":83},[47,103395,2382],{"class":586},[47,103397,590],{"class":83},[47,103399,1841],{"class":586},[47,103401,8707],{"class":83},[47,103403,103404,103406,103408,103410,103412,103414,103416,103418],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,103405,3012],{"class":53},[47,103407,58],{"class":57},[47,103409,3659],{"class":53},[47,103411,84],{"class":83},[47,103413,102323],{"class":87},[47,103415,101],{"class":83},[47,103417,1449],{"class":586},[47,103419,107],{"class":83},[47,103421,103422],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,103423,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,103425,103426,103428,103430,103432],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,103427,98],{"class":97},[47,103429,101],{"class":83},[47,103431,3044],{"class":87},[47,103433,107],{"class":83},[20,103435,103436,41558,103438,8001,103440,1786,103442,84],{},[15,103437,3044],{},[15,103439,3174],{},[15,103441,102256],{},[15,103443,3174],{},[20,103445,18243],{},[38,103447,103449],{"className":40,"code":103448,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103450,103451,103471,103485,103489],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103452,103453,103455,103457,103459,103461,103463,103465,103467,103469],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103454,3012],{"class":53},[47,103456,58],{"class":57},[47,103458,9890],{"class":83},[47,103460,2377],{"class":586},[47,103462,590],{"class":83},[47,103464,2382],{"class":586},[47,103466,590],{"class":83},[47,103468,1841],{"class":586},[47,103470,8707],{"class":83},[47,103472,103473,103475,103477,103479,103481,103483],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,103474,3044],{"class":53},[47,103476,84],{"class":83},[47,103478,102323],{"class":87},[47,103480,101],{"class":83},[47,103482,1449],{"class":586},[47,103484,107],{"class":83},[47,103486,103487],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,103488,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,103490,103491,103493,103495,103497],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,103492,98],{"class":97},[47,103494,101],{"class":83},[47,103496,3044],{"class":87},[47,103498,107],{"class":83},[724,103500,946,103502,8101,103504],{"id":103501},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,103503,102256],{},[15,103505,54934],{},[20,103507,103508,103509,84],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,103510,102256],{},[38,103512,103514],{"className":40,"code":103513,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,103515,103516,103548,103569],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103517,103518,103520,103522,103524,103526,103528,103530,103532,103534,103536,103538,103540,103542,103544,103546],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103519,35494],{"class":53},[47,103521,58],{"class":57},[47,103523,9890],{"class":83},[47,103525,253],{"class":61},[47,103527,154],{"class":65},[47,103529,253],{"class":61},[47,103531,590],{"class":83},[47,103533,62],{"class":61},[47,103535,4158],{"class":65},[47,103537,253],{"class":61},[47,103539,590],{"class":83},[47,103541,62],{"class":61},[47,103543,9138],{"class":65},[47,103545,253],{"class":61},[47,103547,8707],{"class":83},[47,103549,103550,103552,103554,103556,103558,103560,103562,103564,103566],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,103551,35547],{"class":53},[47,103553,84],{"class":83},[47,103555,102323],{"class":87},[47,103557,101],{"class":83},[47,103559,253],{"class":61},[47,103561,21479],{"class":65},[47,103563,253],{"class":61},[47,103565,3057],{"class":83},[47,103567,103568],{"class":113},"   # safe\n",[47,103570,103571,103573,103575,103577],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,103572,98],{"class":97},[47,103574,101],{"class":83},[47,103576,35547],{"class":87},[47,103578,107],{"class":83},[20,103580,103581,103582,45312,103585,84],{},"If you use ",[15,103583,103584],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,103586,19089],{},[724,103588,25020,103590,103592],{"id":103589},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,103591,102256],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,103594,103595,101609],{},[15,103596,102256],{},[20,103598,737],{},[38,103600,103602],{"className":40,"code":103601,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,103603,103604,103624],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103605,103606,103608,103610,103612,103614,103616,103618,103620,103622],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103607,7178],{"class":53},[47,103609,58],{"class":57},[47,103611,3017],{"class":83},[47,103613,2377],{"class":586},[47,103615,590],{"class":83},[47,103617,2382],{"class":586},[47,103619,590],{"class":83},[47,103621,1841],{"class":586},[47,103623,3030],{"class":83},[47,103625,103626,103628,103630,103632,103634,103636],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,103627,7209],{"class":53},[47,103629,84],{"class":83},[47,103631,102323],{"class":87},[47,103633,101],{"class":83},[47,103635,1449],{"class":586},[47,103637,107],{"class":83},[20,103639,103640,103641,1032],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,103642,102256],{},[38,103644,103646],{"className":40,"code":103645,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,103647,103648,103668,103682],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103649,103650,103652,103654,103656,103658,103660,103662,103664,103666],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103651,7178],{"class":53},[47,103653,58],{"class":57},[47,103655,9890],{"class":83},[47,103657,2377],{"class":586},[47,103659,590],{"class":83},[47,103661,2382],{"class":586},[47,103663,590],{"class":83},[47,103665,1841],{"class":586},[47,103667,8707],{"class":83},[47,103669,103670,103672,103674,103676,103678,103680],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,103671,7209],{"class":53},[47,103673,84],{"class":83},[47,103675,102323],{"class":87},[47,103677,101],{"class":83},[47,103679,1449],{"class":586},[47,103681,107],{"class":83},[47,103683,103684,103686,103688,103690],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,103685,98],{"class":97},[47,103687,101],{"class":83},[47,103689,7209],{"class":87},[47,103691,107],{"class":83},[724,103693,103695],{"id":103694},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,103697,103698],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,103700,2225],{},[38,103702,103704],{"className":40,"code":103703,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,103705,103706,103726],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103707,103708,103710,103712,103714,103716,103718,103720,103722,103724],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103709,8563],{"class":53},[47,103711,58],{"class":57},[47,103713,9890],{"class":83},[47,103715,2377],{"class":586},[47,103717,590],{"class":83},[47,103719,2382],{"class":586},[47,103721,590],{"class":83},[47,103723,1841],{"class":586},[47,103725,8707],{"class":83},[47,103727,103728,103730,103732,103734,103736,103738],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,103729,8602],{"class":53},[47,103731,84],{"class":83},[47,103733,102323],{"class":87},[47,103735,2374],{"class":83},[47,103737,1449],{"class":586},[47,103739,3284],{"class":83},[20,103741,103742],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[33,103744,8269],{"id":8268},[20,103746,8272,103747,103749],{},[15,103748,102256],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[38,103751,103753],{"className":40,"code":103752,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,103754,103755,103765,103779,103793],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103756,103757,103759,103761,103763],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103758,98],{"class":97},[47,103760,101],{"class":83},[47,103762,15069],{"class":87},[47,103764,107],{"class":83},[47,103766,103767,103769,103771,103773,103775,103777],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,103768,98],{"class":97},[47,103770,101],{"class":83},[47,103772,2613],{"class":919},[47,103774,101],{"class":83},[47,103776,15069],{"class":87},[47,103778,1419],{"class":83},[47,103780,103781,103783,103785,103787,103789,103791],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,103782,98],{"class":97},[47,103784,101],{"class":83},[47,103786,1836],{"class":87},[47,103788,3278],{"class":655},[47,103790,96327],{"class":87},[47,103792,107],{"class":83},[47,103794,103795,103797,103799,103801,103803,103805],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,103796,31558],{"class":97},[47,103798,101],{"class":83},[47,103800,5687],{"class":919},[47,103802,84],{"class":83},[47,103804,102323],{"class":24153},[47,103806,107],{"class":83},[20,103808,10571],{},[133,103810,103811,103814,103817,103820],{},[136,103812,103813],{},"What is currently in the set",[136,103815,103816],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[136,103818,103819],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[136,103821,103822],{},"How Python documents the method",[33,103824,1155],{"id":1154},[724,103826,103828],{"id":103827},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,103830,103831,103832,103834],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,103833,102256],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[724,103836,4540,103838,12115],{"id":103837},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,103839,102261],{},[20,103841,4546,103842,103844],{},[15,103843,3174],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[724,103846,4578,103848,1063,103850,1883],{"id":103847},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,103849,102256],{},[15,103851,54934],{},[20,103853,103854,103855,25942,103857,103859,103860,103862],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,103856,54934],{},[15,103858,19089],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,103861,102256],{}," does not.",[724,103864,1190,103866,103868],{"id":103865},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,103867,102256],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,103870,45769,103871,103873],{},[15,103872,102256],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[33,103875,1275],{"id":1274},[133,103877,103878,103884,103890,103895,103899],{},[136,103879,103880],{},[154,103881,96217,103882,1289],{"href":97611},[15,103883,54934],{},[136,103885,103886],{},[154,103887,96217,103888,1289],{"href":97616},[15,103889,12162],{},[136,103891,103892],{},[154,103893,103894],{"href":97285},"Python set: creating a set",[136,103896,103897],{},[154,103898,99751],{"href":98193},[136,103900,103901],{},[154,103902,10663],{"href":10474},[1320,103904,103905],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":103907},[103908,103909,103911,103914,103919,103920,103921,103922,103924,103933,103934,103943],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":102433,"depth":72,"text":103910},"What set.discard() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166,"children":103912},[103913],{"id":102506,"depth":94,"text":102507},{"id":102586,"depth":72,"text":103915,"children":103916},"What makes discard() different",[103917],{"id":102625,"depth":94,"text":103918},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":102778,"depth":72,"text":102779},{"id":267,"depth":72,"text":268},{"id":103149,"depth":72,"text":103150},{"id":103342,"depth":72,"text":103923},"When to use discard()",{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722,"children":103925},[103926,103928,103930,103932],{"id":103371,"depth":94,"text":103927},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103501,"depth":94,"text":103929},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":103589,"depth":94,"text":103931},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":103694,"depth":94,"text":103695},{"id":8268,"depth":72,"text":8269},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":103935},[103936,103937,103939,103941],{"id":103827,"depth":94,"text":103828},{"id":103837,"depth":94,"text":103938},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":103847,"depth":94,"text":103940},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":103865,"depth":94,"text":103942},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102248,"description":103944},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":103951,"title":103952,"body":103953,"description":105959,"extension":1354,"meta":105960,"navigation":311,"path":105961,"seo":105962,"stem":105963,"__hash__":105964},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":103954,"toc":105917},[103955,103958,103966,103971,103982,103984,104039,104043,104063,104068,104072,104077,104079,104093,104095,104170,104172,104205,104210,104215,104217,104219,104234,104237,104245,104250,104265,104267,104356,104358,104447,104453,104457,104459,104497,104499,104523,104526,104541,104543,104598,104600,104633,104635,104640,104644,104648,104653,104718,104720,104740,104746,104750,104807,104809,104830,104834,104839,104884,104886,104919,104922,104926,104959,104961,104990,104994,104998,105001,105003,105022,105024,105070,105075,105089,105091,105122,105127,105130,105174,105176,105204,105208,105212,105228,105231,105296,105298,105310,105313,105317,105320,105325,105353,105355,105373,105379,105418,105420,105438,105444,105473,105475,105493,105496,105513,105515,105520,105524,105527,105553,105560,105565,105580,105589,105593,105596,105627,105633,105636,105645,105648,105650,105652,105710,105713,105738,105740,105744,105747,105751,105759,105763,105766,105770,105773,105775,105798,105800,105841,105848,105856,105859,105890,105892,105914],[10,103956,103952],{"id":103957},"python-set-function-explained",[20,103959,8520,103960,103962,103963,84],{},[15,103961,3193],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[121,103964,103965],{},"unique values only",[20,103967,34809,103968,103970],{},[15,103969,3193],{}," to:",[133,103972,103973,103976,103979],{},[136,103974,103975],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[136,103977,103978],{},"check whether a value exists",[136,103980,103981],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[33,103983,36],{"id":35},[38,103985,103987],{"className":40,"code":103986,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,103988,103989,104013,104028],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103990,103991,103993,103995,103997,103999,104001,104003,104005,104007,104009,104011],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103992,3012],{"class":53},[47,103994,58],{"class":57},[47,103996,3017],{"class":83},[47,103998,2377],{"class":586},[47,104000,590],{"class":83},[47,104002,2382],{"class":586},[47,104004,590],{"class":83},[47,104006,2382],{"class":586},[47,104008,590],{"class":83},[47,104010,1841],{"class":586},[47,104012,3030],{"class":83},[47,104014,104015,104018,104020,104022,104024,104026],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,104016,104017],{"class":53},"unique_numbers ",[47,104019,58],{"class":57},[47,104021,15036],{"class":919},[47,104023,101],{"class":83},[47,104025,3044],{"class":87},[47,104027,107],{"class":83},[47,104029,104030,104032,104034,104037],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,104031,98],{"class":97},[47,104033,101],{"class":83},[47,104035,104036],{"class":87},"unique_numbers",[47,104038,107],{"class":83},[20,104040,104041],{},[121,104042,338],{},[38,104044,104045],{"className":40,"code":96010,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,104046,104047],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104048,104049,104051,104053,104055,104057,104059,104061],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104050,8676],{"class":83},[47,104052,2377],{"class":586},[47,104054,590],{"class":83},[47,104056,2382],{"class":586},[47,104058,590],{"class":83},[47,104060,1841],{"class":586},[47,104062,8707],{"class":83},[20,104064,1486,104065,104067],{},[15,104066,3193],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[33,104069,104071],{"id":104070},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104073,104074,104076],{},[15,104075,3193],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104078,29945],{},[133,104080,104081,104084,104087,104090],{},[136,104082,104083],{},"A set stores unique items only",[136,104085,104086],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[136,104088,104089],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[136,104091,104092],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104094,538],{},[38,104096,104098],{"className":40,"code":104097,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104099,104100,104140,104155,104159],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104101,104102,104104,104106,104108,104110,104112,104114,104116,104118,104120,104122,104124,104126,104128,104130,104132,104134,104136,104138],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104103,12476],{"class":53},[47,104105,58],{"class":57},[47,104107,3017],{"class":83},[47,104109,253],{"class":61},[47,104111,12493],{"class":65},[47,104113,253],{"class":61},[47,104115,590],{"class":83},[47,104117,62],{"class":61},[47,104119,12510],{"class":65},[47,104121,253],{"class":61},[47,104123,590],{"class":83},[47,104125,62],{"class":61},[47,104127,12493],{"class":65},[47,104129,253],{"class":61},[47,104131,590],{"class":83},[47,104133,62],{"class":61},[47,104135,16858],{"class":65},[47,104137,253],{"class":61},[47,104139,3030],{"class":83},[47,104141,104142,104145,104147,104149,104151,104153],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,104143,104144],{"class":53},"unique_colors ",[47,104146,58],{"class":57},[47,104148,15036],{"class":919},[47,104150,101],{"class":83},[47,104152,16905],{"class":87},[47,104154,107],{"class":83},[47,104156,104157],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,104158,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,104160,104161,104163,104165,104168],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,104162,98],{"class":97},[47,104164,101],{"class":83},[47,104166,104167],{"class":87},"unique_colors",[47,104169,107],{"class":83},[20,104171,29434],{},[38,104173,104175],{"className":40,"code":104174,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104176,104177],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104178,104179,104181,104183,104185,104187,104189,104191,104193,104195,104197,104199,104201,104203],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104180,8676],{"class":83},[47,104182,2693],{"class":61},[47,104184,12510],{"class":65},[47,104186,2693],{"class":61},[47,104188,590],{"class":83},[47,104190,2688],{"class":61},[47,104192,16858],{"class":65},[47,104194,2693],{"class":61},[47,104196,590],{"class":83},[47,104198,2688],{"class":61},[47,104200,12493],{"class":65},[47,104202,2693],{"class":61},[47,104204,8707],{"class":83},[20,104206,1674,104207,104209],{},[15,104208,64798],{}," appears only once.",[20,104211,104212,104213,84],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[154,104214,95731],{"href":95730},[33,104216,166],{"id":165},[20,104218,169],{},[38,104220,104222],{"className":40,"code":104221,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104223,104224],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104225,104226,104228,104230,104232],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104227,5687],{"class":919},[47,104229,101],{"class":83},[47,104231,3116],{"class":87},[47,104233,107],{"class":83},[20,104235,104236],{},"The argument is optional.",[133,104238,104239,104242],{},[136,104240,104241],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[136,104243,104244],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104246,104247,104248,1032],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104249,3193],{},[133,104251,104252,104254,104256,104258,104262],{},[136,104253,7492],{},[136,104255,48357],{},[136,104257,179],{},[136,104259,104260],{},[15,104261,35602],{},[136,104263,104264],{},"another set",[20,104266,1520],{},[38,104268,104270],{"className":40,"code":104269,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104271,104272,104298,104320,104338],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104273,104274,104276,104278,104280,104282,104284,104286,104288,104290,104292,104294,104296],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104275,98],{"class":97},[47,104277,101],{"class":83},[47,104279,5687],{"class":919},[47,104281,2374],{"class":83},[47,104283,2377],{"class":586},[47,104285,590],{"class":83},[47,104287,2382],{"class":586},[47,104289,590],{"class":83},[47,104291,2382],{"class":586},[47,104293,590],{"class":83},[47,104295,1841],{"class":586},[47,104297,2389],{"class":83},[47,104299,104300,104302,104304,104306,104308,104310,104312,104314,104316,104318],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,104301,98],{"class":97},[47,104303,101],{"class":83},[47,104305,5687],{"class":919},[47,104307,4911],{"class":83},[47,104309,1719],{"class":586},[47,104311,590],{"class":83},[47,104313,7189],{"class":586},[47,104315,590],{"class":83},[47,104317,5405],{"class":586},[47,104319,2300],{"class":83},[47,104321,104322,104324,104326,104328,104330,104332,104334,104336],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,104323,98],{"class":97},[47,104325,101],{"class":83},[47,104327,5687],{"class":919},[47,104329,101],{"class":83},[47,104331,253],{"class":61},[47,104333,256],{"class":65},[47,104335,253],{"class":61},[47,104337,1419],{"class":83},[47,104339,104340,104342,104344,104346,104348,104350,104352,104354],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,104341,98],{"class":97},[47,104343,101],{"class":83},[47,104345,5687],{"class":919},[47,104347,101],{"class":83},[47,104349,59405],{"class":97},[47,104351,101],{"class":83},[47,104353,1896],{"class":586},[47,104355,2300],{"class":83},[20,104357,29434],{},[38,104359,104361],{"className":40,"code":104360,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104362,104363,104379,104391,104427],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104364,104365,104367,104369,104371,104373,104375,104377],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104366,8676],{"class":83},[47,104368,2377],{"class":586},[47,104370,590],{"class":83},[47,104372,2382],{"class":586},[47,104374,590],{"class":83},[47,104376,1841],{"class":586},[47,104378,8707],{"class":83},[47,104380,104381,104383,104385,104387,104389],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,104382,8676],{"class":83},[47,104384,1719],{"class":586},[47,104386,590],{"class":83},[47,104388,7189],{"class":586},[47,104390,8707],{"class":83},[47,104392,104393,104395,104397,104399,104401,104403,104405,104407,104409,104411,104413,104415,104417,104419,104421,104423,104425],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,104394,8676],{"class":83},[47,104396,2693],{"class":61},[47,104398,59844],{"class":65},[47,104400,2693],{"class":61},[47,104402,590],{"class":83},[47,104404,2688],{"class":61},[47,104406,59853],{"class":65},[47,104408,2693],{"class":61},[47,104410,590],{"class":83},[47,104412,2688],{"class":61},[47,104414,59862],{"class":65},[47,104416,2693],{"class":61},[47,104418,590],{"class":83},[47,104420,2688],{"class":61},[47,104422,59879],{"class":65},[47,104424,2693],{"class":61},[47,104426,8707],{"class":83},[47,104428,104429,104431,104433,104435,104437,104439,104441,104443,104445],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,104430,8676],{"class":83},[47,104432,1514],{"class":586},[47,104434,590],{"class":83},[47,104436,4898],{"class":586},[47,104438,590],{"class":83},[47,104440,2382],{"class":586},[47,104442,590],{"class":83},[47,104444,1841],{"class":586},[47,104446,8707],{"class":83},[20,104448,104449,104450,84],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[154,104451,104452],{"href":64253},"Python list() function explained",[33,104454,104456],{"id":104455},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,104458,97682],{},[38,104460,104461],{"className":40,"code":98647,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,104462,104463,104473,104483],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104464,104465,104467,104469,104471],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104466,97692],{"class":53},[47,104468,58],{"class":57},[47,104470,15036],{"class":919},[47,104472,91],{"class":83},[47,104474,104475,104477,104479,104481],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,104476,98],{"class":97},[47,104478,101],{"class":83},[47,104480,97711],{"class":87},[47,104482,107],{"class":83},[47,104484,104485,104487,104489,104491,104493,104495],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,104486,98],{"class":97},[47,104488,101],{"class":83},[47,104490,2613],{"class":919},[47,104492,101],{"class":83},[47,104494,97711],{"class":87},[47,104496,1419],{"class":83},[20,104498,338],{},[38,104500,104501],{"className":40,"code":98690,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,104502,104503,104509],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104504,104505,104507],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104506,5687],{"class":919},[47,104508,91],{"class":83},[47,104510,104511,104513,104515,104517,104519,104521],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,104512,2682],{"class":57},[47,104514,2685],{"class":1458},[47,104516,2688],{"class":61},[47,104518,5687],{"class":65},[47,104520,2693],{"class":61},[47,104522,2696],{"class":57},[20,104524,104525],{},"This is important because:",[133,104527,104528,104533],{},[136,104529,104530,104532],{},[15,104531,3193],{}," creates an empty set",[136,104534,104535,104537,104538,104540],{},[15,104536,3188],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[121,104539,123],{}," a set",[20,104542,538],{},[38,104544,104546],{"className":40,"code":104545,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,104547,104548,104558,104566,104570,104584],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104549,104550,104552,104554,104556],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104551,1208],{"class":53},[47,104553,58],{"class":57},[47,104555,15036],{"class":919},[47,104557,91],{"class":83},[47,104559,104560,104562,104564],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,104561,1221],{"class":53},[47,104563,58],{"class":57},[47,104565,9237],{"class":83},[47,104567,104568],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,104569,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,104571,104572,104574,104576,104578,104580,104582],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,104573,98],{"class":97},[47,104575,101],{"class":83},[47,104577,2613],{"class":919},[47,104579,101],{"class":83},[47,104581,154],{"class":87},[47,104583,1419],{"class":83},[47,104585,104586,104588,104590,104592,104594,104596],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,104587,98],{"class":97},[47,104589,101],{"class":83},[47,104591,2613],{"class":919},[47,104593,101],{"class":83},[47,104595,4158],{"class":87},[47,104597,1419],{"class":83},[20,104599,338],{},[38,104601,104603],{"className":40,"code":104602,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,104604,104605,104619],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104606,104607,104609,104611,104613,104615,104617],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104608,2682],{"class":57},[47,104610,2685],{"class":1458},[47,104612,2688],{"class":61},[47,104614,5687],{"class":65},[47,104616,2693],{"class":61},[47,104618,2696],{"class":57},[47,104620,104621,104623,104625,104627,104629,104631],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,104622,2682],{"class":57},[47,104624,2685],{"class":1458},[47,104626,2688],{"class":61},[47,104628,8218],{"class":65},[47,104630,2693],{"class":61},[47,104632,2696],{"class":57},[20,104634,13450],{},[20,104636,104637,104638,84],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[154,104639,103894],{"href":95734},[33,104641,104643],{"id":104642},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[724,104645,104647],{"id":104646},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,104649,104650,104651,84],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,104652,3193],{},[38,104654,104656],{"className":40,"code":104655,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104657,104658,104690,104704,104708],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104659,104660,104662,104664,104666,104668,104670,104672,104674,104676,104678,104680,104682,104684,104686,104688],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104661,3012],{"class":53},[47,104663,58],{"class":57},[47,104665,3017],{"class":83},[47,104667,2377],{"class":586},[47,104669,590],{"class":83},[47,104671,2382],{"class":586},[47,104673,590],{"class":83},[47,104675,2382],{"class":586},[47,104677,590],{"class":83},[47,104679,1841],{"class":586},[47,104681,590],{"class":83},[47,104683,1841],{"class":586},[47,104685,590],{"class":83},[47,104687,1841],{"class":586},[47,104689,3030],{"class":83},[47,104691,104692,104694,104696,104698,104700,104702],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,104693,75],{"class":53},[47,104695,58],{"class":57},[47,104697,15036],{"class":919},[47,104699,101],{"class":83},[47,104701,3044],{"class":87},[47,104703,107],{"class":83},[47,104705,104706],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,104707,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,104709,104710,104712,104714,104716],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,104711,98],{"class":97},[47,104713,101],{"class":83},[47,104715,104],{"class":87},[47,104717,107],{"class":83},[20,104719,338],{},[38,104721,104722],{"className":40,"code":96010,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,104723,104724],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104725,104726,104728,104730,104732,104734,104736,104738],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104727,8676],{"class":83},[47,104729,2377],{"class":586},[47,104731,590],{"class":83},[47,104733,2382],{"class":586},[47,104735,590],{"class":83},[47,104737,1841],{"class":586},[47,104739,8707],{"class":83},[20,104741,104742,104743,84],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[154,104744,98480],{"href":104745},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[724,104747,104749],{"id":104748},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[38,104751,104753],{"className":40,"code":104752,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104754,104755,104779,104793,104797],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104756,104757,104759,104761,104763,104765,104767,104769,104771,104773,104775,104777],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104758,3219],{"class":53},[47,104760,58],{"class":57},[47,104762,8634],{"class":83},[47,104764,1531],{"class":586},[47,104766,590],{"class":83},[47,104768,4002],{"class":586},[47,104770,590],{"class":83},[47,104772,5405],{"class":586},[47,104774,590],{"class":83},[47,104776,37341],{"class":586},[47,104778,107],{"class":83},[47,104780,104781,104783,104785,104787,104789,104791],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,104782,75],{"class":53},[47,104784,58],{"class":57},[47,104786,15036],{"class":919},[47,104788,101],{"class":83},[47,104790,4758],{"class":87},[47,104792,107],{"class":83},[47,104794,104795],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,104796,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,104798,104799,104801,104803,104805],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,104800,98],{"class":97},[47,104802,101],{"class":83},[47,104804,104],{"class":87},[47,104806,107],{"class":83},[20,104808,338],{},[38,104810,104812],{"className":40,"code":104811,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,104813,104814],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104815,104816,104818,104820,104822,104824,104826,104828],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104817,8676],{"class":83},[47,104819,1531],{"class":586},[47,104821,590],{"class":83},[47,104823,5405],{"class":586},[47,104825,590],{"class":83},[47,104827,37341],{"class":586},[47,104829,8707],{"class":83},[724,104831,104833],{"id":104832},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,104835,50531,104836,104838],{},[15,104837,3193],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[38,104840,104842],{"className":40,"code":104841,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104843,104844,104856,104870,104874],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104845,104846,104848,104850,104852,104854],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104847,54],{"class":53},[47,104849,58],{"class":57},[47,104851,62],{"class":61},[47,104853,288],{"class":65},[47,104855,69],{"class":61},[47,104857,104858,104860,104862,104864,104866,104868],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,104859,75],{"class":53},[47,104861,58],{"class":57},[47,104863,15036],{"class":919},[47,104865,101],{"class":83},[47,104867,565],{"class":87},[47,104869,107],{"class":83},[47,104871,104872],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,104873,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,104875,104876,104878,104880,104882],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,104877,98],{"class":97},[47,104879,101],{"class":83},[47,104881,104],{"class":87},[47,104883,107],{"class":83},[20,104885,29434],{},[38,104887,104889],{"className":40,"code":104888,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,104890,104891],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104892,104893,104895,104897,104899,104901,104903,104905,104907,104909,104911,104913,104915,104917],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104894,8676],{"class":83},[47,104896,2693],{"class":61},[47,104898,4158],{"class":65},[47,104900,2693],{"class":61},[47,104902,590],{"class":83},[47,104904,2688],{"class":61},[47,104906,154],{"class":65},[47,104908,2693],{"class":61},[47,104910,590],{"class":83},[47,104912,2688],{"class":61},[47,104914,75435],{"class":65},[47,104916,2693],{"class":61},[47,104918,8707],{"class":83},[20,104920,104921],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[724,104923,104925],{"id":104924},"from-range","From range()",[38,104927,104929],{"className":40,"code":104928,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,104930,104931,104949],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104932,104933,104935,104937,104939,104941,104943,104945,104947],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104934,75],{"class":53},[47,104936,58],{"class":57},[47,104938,15036],{"class":919},[47,104940,101],{"class":83},[47,104942,59405],{"class":97},[47,104944,101],{"class":83},[47,104946,1531],{"class":586},[47,104948,1419],{"class":83},[47,104950,104951,104953,104955,104957],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,104952,98],{"class":97},[47,104954,101],{"class":83},[47,104956,104],{"class":87},[47,104958,107],{"class":83},[20,104960,338],{},[38,104962,104964],{"className":40,"code":104963,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,104965,104966],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104967,104968,104970,104972,104974,104976,104978,104980,104982,104984,104986,104988],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104969,8676],{"class":83},[47,104971,1514],{"class":586},[47,104973,590],{"class":83},[47,104975,4898],{"class":586},[47,104977,590],{"class":83},[47,104979,2382],{"class":586},[47,104981,590],{"class":83},[47,104983,1841],{"class":586},[47,104985,590],{"class":83},[47,104987,1847],{"class":586},[47,104989,8707],{"class":83},[33,104991,104993],{"id":104992},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,104995,98927,104996,84],{},[121,104997,95774],{},[20,104999,105000],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105002,98933],{},[133,105004,105005,105009,105013,105017],{},[136,105006,105007],{},[15,105008,890],{},[136,105010,105011],{},[15,105012,920],{},[136,105014,105015],{},[15,105016,1584],{},[136,105018,105019,105021],{},[15,105020,48357],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105023,538],{},[38,105025,105027],{"className":40,"code":105026,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105028,105029,105060],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105030,105031,105033,105035,105037,105039,105041,105043,105045,105047,105049,105051,105053,105055,105057],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105032,7178],{"class":53},[47,105034,58],{"class":57},[47,105036,9890],{"class":83},[47,105038,2377],{"class":586},[47,105040,590],{"class":83},[47,105042,62],{"class":61},[47,105044,256],{"class":65},[47,105046,253],{"class":61},[47,105048,590],{"class":83},[47,105050,8634],{"class":83},[47,105052,1719],{"class":586},[47,105054,590],{"class":83},[47,105056,7189],{"class":586},[47,105058,105059],{"class":83},")}\n",[47,105061,105062,105064,105066,105068],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,105063,98],{"class":97},[47,105065,101],{"class":83},[47,105067,7209],{"class":87},[47,105069,107],{"class":83},[20,105071,98995,105072,105074],{},[121,105073,123],{}," work inside a set:",[133,105076,105077,105081,105085],{},[136,105078,105079],{},[15,105080,7492],{},[136,105082,105083],{},[15,105084,8218],{},[136,105086,105087],{},[15,105088,5687],{},[20,105090,96499],{},[38,105092,105094],{"className":40,"code":105093,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105095,105096],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105097,105098,105100,105102,105104,105106,105108,105110,105112,105114,105116,105118,105120],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105099,99014],{"class":53},[47,105101,58],{"class":57},[47,105103,99019],{"class":83},[47,105105,2377],{"class":586},[47,105107,590],{"class":83},[47,105109,2382],{"class":586},[47,105111,17464],{"class":83},[47,105113,3017],{"class":83},[47,105115,1455],{"class":586},[47,105117,590],{"class":83},[47,105119,1847],{"class":586},[47,105121,13107],{"class":83},[20,105123,76263,105124,105126],{},[15,105125,2395],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105128,105129],{},"A safer example:",[38,105131,105133],{"className":40,"code":105132,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105134,105135,105163],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105136,105137,105140,105142,105145,105147,105149,105151,105153,105155,105157,105159,105161],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105138,105139],{"class":53},"good_set ",[47,105141,58],{"class":57},[47,105143,105144],{"class":83}," {(",[47,105146,2377],{"class":586},[47,105148,590],{"class":83},[47,105150,2382],{"class":586},[47,105152,8631],{"class":83},[47,105154,8634],{"class":83},[47,105156,1455],{"class":586},[47,105158,590],{"class":83},[47,105160,1847],{"class":586},[47,105162,105059],{"class":83},[47,105164,105165,105167,105169,105172],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,105166,98],{"class":97},[47,105168,101],{"class":83},[47,105170,105171],{"class":87},"good_set",[47,105173,107],{"class":83},[20,105175,338],{},[38,105177,105179],{"className":40,"code":105178,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105180,105181],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105182,105183,105186,105188,105190,105192,105194,105196,105198,105200,105202],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105184,105185],{"class":83},"{(",[47,105187,2377],{"class":586},[47,105189,590],{"class":83},[47,105191,2382],{"class":586},[47,105193,8631],{"class":83},[47,105195,8634],{"class":83},[47,105197,1455],{"class":586},[47,105199,590],{"class":83},[47,105201,1847],{"class":586},[47,105203,105059],{"class":83},[33,105205,105207],{"id":105206},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105209,1486,105210,10001],{},[15,105211,3193],{},[133,105213,105214,105217,105222,105225],{},[136,105215,105216],{},"you need unique values only",[136,105218,105219,105220],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105221,3278],{},[136,105223,105224],{},"order does not matter",[136,105226,105227],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105229,105230],{},"Example of membership checking:",[38,105232,105234],{"className":40,"code":105233,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105235,105236,105261,105265,105281],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105237,105238,105241,105243,105245,105247,105249,105251,105254,105256,105259],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105239,105240],{"class":53},"allowed_ids ",[47,105242,58],{"class":57},[47,105244,15036],{"class":919},[47,105246,2374],{"class":83},[47,105248,45996],{"class":586},[47,105250,590],{"class":83},[47,105252,105253],{"class":586}," 102",[47,105255,590],{"class":83},[47,105257,105258],{"class":586}," 103",[47,105260,3284],{"class":83},[47,105262,105263],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,105264,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,105266,105267,105269,105271,105274,105276,105279],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,105268,98],{"class":97},[47,105270,101],{"class":83},[47,105272,105273],{"class":586},"102",[47,105275,20575],{"class":655},[47,105277,105278],{"class":87}," allowed_ids",[47,105280,107],{"class":83},[47,105282,105283,105285,105287,105290,105292,105294],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,105284,98],{"class":97},[47,105286,101],{"class":83},[47,105288,105289],{"class":586},"999",[47,105291,20575],{"class":655},[47,105293,105278],{"class":87},[47,105295,107],{"class":83},[20,105297,338],{},[38,105299,105300],{"className":40,"code":43577,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,105301,105302,105306],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105303,105304],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105305,1264],{"class":1271},[47,105307,105308],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,105309,3436],{"class":1271},[20,105311,105312],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[33,105314,105316],{"id":105315},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105318,105319],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[724,105321,1486,105323,97624],{"id":105322},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105324,3193],{},[38,105326,105327],{"className":40,"code":97685,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,105328,105329,105339],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105330,105331,105333,105335,105337],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105332,97692],{"class":53},[47,105334,58],{"class":57},[47,105336,15036],{"class":919},[47,105338,91],{"class":83},[47,105340,105341,105343,105345,105347,105349,105351],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,105342,98],{"class":97},[47,105344,101],{"class":83},[47,105346,2613],{"class":919},[47,105348,101],{"class":83},[47,105350,97711],{"class":87},[47,105352,1419],{"class":83},[20,105354,338],{},[38,105356,105357],{"className":40,"code":8249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,105358,105359],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105360,105361,105363,105365,105367,105369,105371],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105362,2682],{"class":57},[47,105364,2685],{"class":1458},[47,105366,2688],{"class":61},[47,105368,5687],{"class":65},[47,105370,2693],{"class":61},[47,105372,2696],{"class":57},[724,105374,1486,105376,105378],{"id":105375},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105377,99684],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[38,105380,105382],{"className":40,"code":105381,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105383,105384,105404],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105385,105386,105388,105390,105392,105394,105396,105398,105400,105402],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105387,3012],{"class":53},[47,105389,58],{"class":57},[47,105391,9890],{"class":83},[47,105393,2377],{"class":586},[47,105395,590],{"class":83},[47,105397,2382],{"class":586},[47,105399,590],{"class":83},[47,105401,1841],{"class":586},[47,105403,8707],{"class":83},[47,105405,105406,105408,105410,105412,105414,105416],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,105407,98],{"class":97},[47,105409,101],{"class":83},[47,105411,2613],{"class":919},[47,105413,101],{"class":83},[47,105415,3044],{"class":87},[47,105417,1419],{"class":83},[20,105419,338],{},[38,105421,105422],{"className":40,"code":8249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,105423,105424],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105425,105426,105428,105430,105432,105434,105436],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105427,2682],{"class":57},[47,105429,2685],{"class":1458},[47,105431,2688],{"class":61},[47,105433,5687],{"class":65},[47,105435,2693],{"class":61},[47,105437,2696],{"class":57},[724,105439,1486,105441,105443],{"id":105440},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,105442,3188],{}," for an empty dictionary",[38,105445,105447],{"className":40,"code":105446,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,105448,105449,105458],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105450,105451,105454,105456],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105452,105453],{"class":53},"empty_dict ",[47,105455,58],{"class":57},[47,105457,9237],{"class":83},[47,105459,105460,105462,105464,105466,105468,105471],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,105461,98],{"class":97},[47,105463,101],{"class":83},[47,105465,2613],{"class":919},[47,105467,101],{"class":83},[47,105469,105470],{"class":87},"empty_dict",[47,105472,1419],{"class":83},[20,105474,338],{},[38,105476,105477],{"className":40,"code":8205,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,105478,105479],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105480,105481,105483,105485,105487,105489,105491],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105482,2682],{"class":57},[47,105484,2685],{"class":1458},[47,105486,2688],{"class":61},[47,105488,8218],{"class":65},[47,105490,2693],{"class":61},[47,105492,2696],{"class":57},[20,105494,105495],{},"So the rule is simple:",[133,105497,105498,105503,105508],{},[136,105499,105500,105502],{},[15,105501,3193],{}," → empty set",[136,105504,105505,105507],{},[15,105506,99684],{}," → non-empty set",[136,105509,105510,105512],{},[15,105511,3188],{}," → empty dictionary",[33,105514,722],{"id":721},[20,105516,105517,105518,84],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,105519,3193],{},[724,105521,7816,105522,99282],{"id":99279},[15,105523,3188],{},[20,105525,105526],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[38,105528,105529],{"className":40,"code":99288,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,105530,105531,105539],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105532,105533,105535,105537],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105534,1836],{"class":53},[47,105536,58],{"class":57},[47,105538,9237],{"class":83},[47,105540,105541,105543,105545,105547,105549,105551],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,105542,98],{"class":97},[47,105544,101],{"class":83},[47,105546,2613],{"class":919},[47,105548,101],{"class":83},[47,105550,1863],{"class":87},[47,105552,1419],{"class":83},[724,105554,105556,105557],{"id":105555},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,105558,105559],{},"set(5)",[20,105561,105562,105564],{},[15,105563,3193],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[38,105566,105568],{"className":40,"code":105567,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set(5)\n",[15,105569,105570],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105571,105572,105574,105576,105578],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105573,5687],{"class":919},[47,105575,101],{"class":83},[47,105577,1531],{"class":586},[47,105579,107],{"class":83},[20,105581,2392,105582,105584,105585,84],{},[15,105583,2395],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[154,105586,105588],{"href":105587},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[724,105590,105592],{"id":105591},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,105594,105595],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[38,105597,105599],{"className":40,"code":105598,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105600,105601],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105602,105603,105605,105607,105609,105611,105613,105615,105617,105619,105621,105623,105625],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105604,1836],{"class":53},[47,105606,58],{"class":57},[47,105608,99019],{"class":83},[47,105610,2377],{"class":586},[47,105612,590],{"class":83},[47,105614,2382],{"class":586},[47,105616,17464],{"class":83},[47,105618,3017],{"class":83},[47,105620,1455],{"class":586},[47,105622,590],{"class":83},[47,105624,1847],{"class":586},[47,105626,13107],{"class":83},[724,105628,7852,105630,105632],{"id":105629},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,105631,3193],{}," to keep the original order",[20,105634,105635],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[724,105637,946,105639,8101,105641,158,105643],{"id":105638},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,105640,3193],{},[15,105642,24184],{},[15,105644,8517],{},[20,105646,105647],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[33,105649,60116],{"id":60115},[20,105651,10513],{},[38,105653,105655],{"className":40,"code":105654,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,105656,105657,105672,105682,105696],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105658,105659,105661,105663,105665,105667,105670],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105660,98],{"class":97},[47,105662,101],{"class":83},[47,105664,2613],{"class":919},[47,105666,101],{"class":83},[47,105668,105669],{"class":87},"my_value",[47,105671,1419],{"class":83},[47,105673,105674,105676,105678,105680],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,105675,98],{"class":97},[47,105677,101],{"class":83},[47,105679,105669],{"class":87},[47,105681,107],{"class":83},[47,105683,105684,105686,105688,105690,105692,105694],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,105685,98],{"class":97},[47,105687,101],{"class":83},[47,105689,7492],{"class":919},[47,105691,101],{"class":83},[47,105693,15069],{"class":87},[47,105695,1419],{"class":83},[47,105697,105698,105700,105702,105704,105706,105708],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,105699,98],{"class":97},[47,105701,101],{"class":83},[47,105703,10562],{"class":97},[47,105705,101],{"class":83},[47,105707,15069],{"class":87},[47,105709,1419],{"class":83},[20,105711,105712],{},"What they help you see:",[133,105714,105715,105721,105726,105732],{},[136,105716,105717,105720],{},[15,105718,105719],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[136,105722,105723,89952],{},[15,105724,105725],{},"print(my_value)",[136,105727,105728,105731],{},[15,105729,105730],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[136,105733,105734,105737],{},[15,105735,105736],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[33,105739,1155],{"id":1154},[724,105741,105743],{"id":105742},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,105745,105746],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[724,105748,105750],{"id":105749},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,105752,1486,105753,105755,105756,105758],{},[15,105754,3193],{},". Do not use ",[15,105757,3188],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[724,105760,105762],{"id":105761},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,105764,105765],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[724,105767,105769],{"id":105768},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,105771,105772],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,105774,538],{},[38,105776,105778],{"className":40,"code":105777,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,105779,105780],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105781,105782,105784,105786,105788,105790,105792,105794,105796],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105783,98],{"class":97},[47,105785,101],{"class":83},[47,105787,5687],{"class":919},[47,105789,101],{"class":83},[47,105791,253],{"class":61},[47,105793,3475],{"class":65},[47,105795,253],{"class":61},[47,105797,1419],{"class":83},[20,105799,29434],{},[38,105801,105803],{"className":40,"code":105802,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,105804,105805],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105806,105807,105809,105811,105813,105815,105817,105819,105821,105823,105825,105827,105829,105831,105833,105835,105837,105839],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105808,8676],{"class":83},[47,105810,2693],{"class":61},[47,105812,154],{"class":65},[47,105814,2693],{"class":61},[47,105816,590],{"class":83},[47,105818,2688],{"class":61},[47,105820,20],{"class":65},[47,105822,2693],{"class":61},[47,105824,590],{"class":83},[47,105826,2688],{"class":61},[47,105828,59862],{"class":65},[47,105830,2693],{"class":61},[47,105832,590],{"class":83},[47,105834,2688],{"class":61},[47,105836,59853],{"class":65},[47,105838,2693],{"class":61},[47,105840,8707],{"class":83},[724,105842,4556,105844,105847],{"id":105843},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,105845,105846],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,105849,105850,28089,105852,105855],{},[15,105851,3193],{},[121,105853,105854],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,105857,105858],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[38,105860,105862],{"className":40,"code":105861,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,105863,105864],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105865,105866,105868,105870,105872,105874,105876,105878,105880,105882,105884,105886,105888],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105867,98],{"class":97},[47,105869,101],{"class":83},[47,105871,5687],{"class":919},[47,105873,2374],{"class":83},[47,105875,2377],{"class":586},[47,105877,590],{"class":83},[47,105879,2382],{"class":586},[47,105881,590],{"class":83},[47,105883,1841],{"class":586},[47,105885,590],{"class":83},[47,105887,1847],{"class":586},[47,105889,2389],{"class":83},[33,105891,1275],{"id":1274},[133,105893,105894,105898,105902,105906,105910],{},[136,105895,105896],{},[154,105897,95731],{"href":95730},[136,105899,105900],{},[154,105901,103894],{"href":95734},[136,105903,105904],{},[154,105905,99746],{"href":104745},[136,105907,105908],{},[154,105909,104452],{"href":64253},[136,105911,105912],{},[154,105913,105588],{"href":105587},[1320,105915,105916],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":105918},[105919,105920,105921,105922,105923,105929,105930,105931,105939,105949,105950,105958],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":104070,"depth":72,"text":104071},{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":104455,"depth":72,"text":104456},{"id":104642,"depth":72,"text":104643,"children":105924},[105925,105926,105927,105928],{"id":104646,"depth":94,"text":104647},{"id":104748,"depth":94,"text":104749},{"id":104832,"depth":94,"text":104833},{"id":104924,"depth":94,"text":104925},{"id":104992,"depth":72,"text":104993},{"id":105206,"depth":72,"text":105207},{"id":105315,"depth":72,"text":105316,"children":105932},[105933,105935,105937],{"id":105322,"depth":94,"text":105934},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105375,"depth":94,"text":105936},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105440,"depth":94,"text":105938},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722,"children":105940},[105941,105942,105944,105945,105947],{"id":99279,"depth":94,"text":99787},{"id":105555,"depth":94,"text":105943},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":105591,"depth":94,"text":105592},{"id":105629,"depth":94,"text":105946},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":105638,"depth":94,"text":105948},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60115,"depth":72,"text":60116},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":105951},[105952,105953,105954,105955,105956],{"id":105742,"depth":94,"text":105743},{"id":105749,"depth":94,"text":105750},{"id":105761,"depth":94,"text":105762},{"id":105768,"depth":94,"text":105769},{"id":105843,"depth":94,"text":105957},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":103952,"description":105959},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":105966,"title":105967,"body":105968,"description":107483,"extension":1354,"meta":107484,"navigation":311,"path":107485,"seo":107486,"stem":107487,"__hash__":107488},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":105969,"toc":107459},[105970,105976,105981,105984,106067,106072,106077,106082,106084,106097,106101,106103,106122,106125,106148,106151,106162,106164,106245,106247,106264,106266,106272,106275,106370,106372,106403,106405,106413,106415,106418,106529,106531,106556,106558,106580,106585,106590,106596,106705,106707,106723,106726,106729,106812,106814,106831,106839,106841,106845,106851,106942,106944,106977,106982,106989,107066,107068,107085,107091,107093,107097,107113,107116,107142,107144,107205,107207,107330,107332,107383,107389,107391,107396,107398,107404,107407,107411,107414,107418,107421,107431,107433,107456],[10,105971,2968,105973,18],{"id":105972},"python-setintersection-method",[15,105974,105975],{},"set.intersection()",[20,105977,1371,105978,105980],{},[15,105979,105975],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,105982,105983],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[38,105985,105987],{"className":40,"code":105986,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,105988,105989,106009,106029,106033,106052,106062],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105990,105991,105993,105995,105997,105999,106001,106003,106005,106007],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105992,1208],{"class":53},[47,105994,58],{"class":57},[47,105996,9890],{"class":83},[47,105998,2377],{"class":586},[47,106000,590],{"class":83},[47,106002,2382],{"class":586},[47,106004,590],{"class":83},[47,106006,1841],{"class":586},[47,106008,8707],{"class":83},[47,106010,106011,106013,106015,106017,106019,106021,106023,106025,106027],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,106012,1221],{"class":53},[47,106014,58],{"class":57},[47,106016,9890],{"class":83},[47,106018,1449],{"class":586},[47,106020,590],{"class":83},[47,106022,1841],{"class":586},[47,106024,590],{"class":83},[47,106026,1847],{"class":586},[47,106028,8707],{"class":83},[47,106030,106031],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,106032,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,106034,106035,106037,106039,106041,106043,106046,106048,106050],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,106036,75],{"class":53},[47,106038,58],{"class":57},[47,106040,56293],{"class":53},[47,106042,84],{"class":83},[47,106044,106045],{"class":87},"intersection",[47,106047,101],{"class":83},[47,106049,4158],{"class":87},[47,106051,107],{"class":83},[47,106053,106054,106056,106058,106060],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,106055,98],{"class":97},[47,106057,101],{"class":83},[47,106059,104],{"class":87},[47,106061,107],{"class":83},[47,106063,106064],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,106065,106066],{"class":113},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106068,1486,106069,106071],{},[15,106070,102193],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[33,106073,12396,106075,12399],{"id":106074},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106076,102193],{},[20,106078,106079,106081],{},[15,106080,102193],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106083,12452],{},[133,106085,106086,106089,106091,106094],{},[136,106087,106088],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[136,106090,99963],{},[136,106092,106093],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[136,106095,106096],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106098,95727,106099,84],{},[154,106100,95731],{"href":95730},[33,106102,166],{"id":165},[38,106104,106106],{"className":40,"code":106105,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106107,106108],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106109,106110,106112,106114,106116,106118,106120],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106111,99987],{"class":53},[47,106113,84],{"class":83},[47,106115,106045],{"class":87},[47,106117,101],{"class":83},[47,106119,99996],{"class":87},[47,106121,107],{"class":83},[20,106123,106124],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[38,106126,106128],{"className":40,"code":106127,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106129,106130],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106131,106132,106134,106136,106138,106140,106142,106144,106146],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106133,99987],{"class":53},[47,106135,84],{"class":83},[47,106137,106045],{"class":87},[47,106139,101],{"class":83},[47,106141,99996],{"class":87},[47,106143,590],{"class":83},[47,106145,100023],{"class":87},[47,106147,107],{"class":83},[20,106149,106150],{},"Important notes:",[133,106152,106153,106156,106159],{},[136,106154,106155],{},"The result is always a new set",[136,106157,106158],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[136,106160,106161],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106163,538],{},[38,106165,106167],{"className":40,"code":106166,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106168,106169,106193,106213,106217,106235],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106170,106171,106173,106175,106177,106179,106181,106183,106185,106187,106189,106191],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106172,1208],{"class":53},[47,106174,58],{"class":57},[47,106176,9890],{"class":83},[47,106178,2377],{"class":586},[47,106180,590],{"class":83},[47,106182,2382],{"class":586},[47,106184,590],{"class":83},[47,106186,1841],{"class":586},[47,106188,590],{"class":83},[47,106190,1847],{"class":586},[47,106192,8707],{"class":83},[47,106194,106195,106197,106199,106201,106203,106205,106207,106209,106211],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,106196,1221],{"class":53},[47,106198,58],{"class":57},[47,106200,9890],{"class":83},[47,106202,1455],{"class":586},[47,106204,590],{"class":83},[47,106206,1847],{"class":586},[47,106208,590],{"class":83},[47,106210,4002],{"class":586},[47,106212,8707],{"class":83},[47,106214,106215],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,106216,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,106218,106219,106221,106223,106225,106227,106229,106231,106233],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,106220,75],{"class":53},[47,106222,58],{"class":57},[47,106224,56293],{"class":53},[47,106226,84],{"class":83},[47,106228,106045],{"class":87},[47,106230,101],{"class":83},[47,106232,4158],{"class":87},[47,106234,107],{"class":83},[47,106236,106237,106239,106241,106243],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,106238,98],{"class":97},[47,106240,101],{"class":83},[47,106242,104],{"class":87},[47,106244,107],{"class":83},[20,106246,338],{},[38,106248,106250],{"className":40,"code":106249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106251,106252],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106253,106254,106256,106258,106260,106262],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106255,8676],{"class":83},[47,106257,1455],{"class":586},[47,106259,590],{"class":83},[47,106261,1847],{"class":586},[47,106263,8707],{"class":83},[33,106265,16821],{"id":16820},[20,106267,106268,21377,106270,84],{},[15,106269,102193],{},[121,106271,5687],{},[20,106273,106274],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[38,106276,106278],{"className":40,"code":106277,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106279,106280,106300,106320,106324,106342,106346,106356],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106281,106282,106284,106286,106288,106290,106292,106294,106296,106298],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106283,1208],{"class":53},[47,106285,58],{"class":57},[47,106287,9890],{"class":83},[47,106289,2377],{"class":586},[47,106291,590],{"class":83},[47,106293,2382],{"class":586},[47,106295,590],{"class":83},[47,106297,1841],{"class":586},[47,106299,8707],{"class":83},[47,106301,106302,106304,106306,106308,106310,106312,106314,106316,106318],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,106303,1221],{"class":53},[47,106305,58],{"class":57},[47,106307,9890],{"class":83},[47,106309,1449],{"class":586},[47,106311,590],{"class":83},[47,106313,1841],{"class":586},[47,106315,590],{"class":83},[47,106317,1847],{"class":586},[47,106319,8707],{"class":83},[47,106321,106322],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,106323,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,106325,106326,106328,106330,106332,106334,106336,106338,106340],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,106327,75],{"class":53},[47,106329,58],{"class":57},[47,106331,56293],{"class":53},[47,106333,84],{"class":83},[47,106335,106045],{"class":87},[47,106337,101],{"class":83},[47,106339,4158],{"class":87},[47,106341,107],{"class":83},[47,106343,106344],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,106345,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,106347,106348,106350,106352,106354],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,106349,98],{"class":97},[47,106351,101],{"class":83},[47,106353,104],{"class":87},[47,106355,107],{"class":83},[47,106357,106358,106360,106362,106364,106366,106368],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,106359,98],{"class":97},[47,106361,101],{"class":83},[47,106363,2613],{"class":919},[47,106365,101],{"class":83},[47,106367,104],{"class":87},[47,106369,1419],{"class":83},[20,106371,338],{},[38,106373,106375],{"className":40,"code":106374,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106376,106377,106389],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106378,106379,106381,106383,106385,106387],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106380,8676],{"class":83},[47,106382,1449],{"class":586},[47,106384,590],{"class":83},[47,106386,1841],{"class":586},[47,106388,8707],{"class":83},[47,106390,106391,106393,106395,106397,106399,106401],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,106392,2682],{"class":57},[47,106394,2685],{"class":1458},[47,106396,2688],{"class":61},[47,106398,5687],{"class":65},[47,106400,2693],{"class":61},[47,106402,2696],{"class":57},[20,106404,85216],{},[133,106406,106407,106410],{},[136,106408,106409],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[136,106411,106412],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[33,106414,268],{"id":267},[20,106416,106417],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[38,106419,106421],{"className":40,"code":106420,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,106422,106423,106456,106489,106493,106514,106518],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106424,106425,106428,106430,106432,106434,106436,106438,106440,106442,106444,106446,106448,106450,106452,106454],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106426,106427],{"class":53},"colors1 ",[47,106429,58],{"class":57},[47,106431,9890],{"class":83},[47,106433,253],{"class":61},[47,106435,12493],{"class":65},[47,106437,253],{"class":61},[47,106439,590],{"class":83},[47,106441,62],{"class":61},[47,106443,12510],{"class":65},[47,106445,253],{"class":61},[47,106447,590],{"class":83},[47,106449,62],{"class":61},[47,106451,16858],{"class":65},[47,106453,253],{"class":61},[47,106455,8707],{"class":83},[47,106457,106458,106461,106463,106465,106467,106469,106471,106473,106475,106477,106479,106481,106483,106485,106487],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,106459,106460],{"class":53},"colors2 ",[47,106462,58],{"class":57},[47,106464,9890],{"class":83},[47,106466,253],{"class":61},[47,106468,16858],{"class":65},[47,106470,253],{"class":61},[47,106472,590],{"class":83},[47,106474,62],{"class":61},[47,106476,21926],{"class":65},[47,106478,253],{"class":61},[47,106480,590],{"class":83},[47,106482,62],{"class":61},[47,106484,12510],{"class":65},[47,106486,253],{"class":61},[47,106488,8707],{"class":83},[47,106490,106491],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,106492,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,106494,106495,106498,106500,106503,106505,106507,106509,106512],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,106496,106497],{"class":53},"common_colors ",[47,106499,58],{"class":57},[47,106501,106502],{"class":53}," colors1",[47,106504,84],{"class":83},[47,106506,106045],{"class":87},[47,106508,101],{"class":83},[47,106510,106511],{"class":87},"colors2",[47,106513,107],{"class":83},[47,106515,106516],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,106517,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,106519,106520,106522,106524,106527],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,106521,98],{"class":97},[47,106523,101],{"class":83},[47,106525,106526],{"class":87},"common_colors",[47,106528,107],{"class":83},[20,106530,338],{},[38,106532,106534],{"className":40,"code":106533,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,106535,106536],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106537,106538,106540,106542,106544,106546,106548,106550,106552,106554],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106539,8676],{"class":83},[47,106541,2693],{"class":61},[47,106543,12510],{"class":65},[47,106545,2693],{"class":61},[47,106547,590],{"class":83},[47,106549,2688],{"class":61},[47,106551,16858],{"class":65},[47,106553,2693],{"class":61},[47,106555,8707],{"class":83},[20,106557,11082],{},[133,106559,106560,106566,106570,106575],{},[136,106561,106562,106565],{},[15,106563,106564],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[136,106567,106568,106565],{},[15,106569,106511],{},[136,106571,106572,106574],{},[15,106573,102193],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[136,106576,106577,106578],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,106579,106526],{},[33,106581,7816,106583,100560],{"id":106582},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,106584,102193],{},[20,106586,106587,106588,84],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,106589,102193],{},[20,106591,106592,106593,106595],{},"Only the values found in ",[121,106594,3111],{}," inputs will be kept.",[38,106597,106599],{"className":40,"code":106598,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106600,106601,106625,106649,106669,106673,106695],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106602,106603,106605,106607,106609,106611,106613,106615,106617,106619,106621,106623],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106604,1208],{"class":53},[47,106606,58],{"class":57},[47,106608,9890],{"class":83},[47,106610,2377],{"class":586},[47,106612,590],{"class":83},[47,106614,2382],{"class":586},[47,106616,590],{"class":83},[47,106618,1841],{"class":586},[47,106620,590],{"class":83},[47,106622,1847],{"class":586},[47,106624,8707],{"class":83},[47,106626,106627,106629,106631,106633,106635,106637,106639,106641,106643,106645,106647],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,106628,1221],{"class":53},[47,106630,58],{"class":57},[47,106632,9890],{"class":83},[47,106634,1449],{"class":586},[47,106636,590],{"class":83},[47,106638,1841],{"class":586},[47,106640,590],{"class":83},[47,106642,1847],{"class":586},[47,106644,590],{"class":83},[47,106646,4002],{"class":586},[47,106648,8707],{"class":83},[47,106650,106651,106653,106655,106657,106659,106661,106663,106665,106667],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,106652,82591],{"class":53},[47,106654,58],{"class":57},[47,106656,9890],{"class":83},[47,106658,1455],{"class":586},[47,106660,590],{"class":83},[47,106662,1847],{"class":586},[47,106664,590],{"class":83},[47,106666,37048],{"class":586},[47,106668,8707],{"class":83},[47,106670,106671],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,106672,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,106674,106675,106677,106679,106681,106683,106685,106687,106689,106691,106693],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,106676,75],{"class":53},[47,106678,58],{"class":57},[47,106680,56293],{"class":53},[47,106682,84],{"class":83},[47,106684,106045],{"class":87},[47,106686,101],{"class":83},[47,106688,4158],{"class":87},[47,106690,590],{"class":83},[47,106692,9080],{"class":87},[47,106694,107],{"class":83},[47,106696,106697,106699,106701,106703],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,106698,98],{"class":97},[47,106700,101],{"class":83},[47,106702,104],{"class":87},[47,106704,107],{"class":83},[20,106706,338],{},[38,106708,106709],{"className":40,"code":106249,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,106710,106711],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106712,106713,106715,106717,106719,106721],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106714,8676],{"class":83},[47,106716,1455],{"class":586},[47,106718,590],{"class":83},[47,106720,1847],{"class":586},[47,106722,8707],{"class":83},[20,106724,106725],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,106727,106728],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[38,106730,106732],{"className":40,"code":106731,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,106733,106734,106758,106762,106802],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106735,106736,106738,106740,106742,106744,106746,106748,106750,106752,106754,106756],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106737,1208],{"class":53},[47,106739,58],{"class":57},[47,106741,9890],{"class":83},[47,106743,2377],{"class":586},[47,106745,590],{"class":83},[47,106747,2382],{"class":586},[47,106749,590],{"class":83},[47,106751,1841],{"class":586},[47,106753,590],{"class":83},[47,106755,1847],{"class":586},[47,106757,8707],{"class":83},[47,106759,106760],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,106761,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,106763,106764,106766,106768,106770,106772,106774,106776,106778,106780,106782,106784,106786,106788,106790,106792,106794,106796,106798,106800],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,106765,75],{"class":53},[47,106767,58],{"class":57},[47,106769,56293],{"class":53},[47,106771,84],{"class":83},[47,106773,106045],{"class":87},[47,106775,2374],{"class":83},[47,106777,1449],{"class":586},[47,106779,590],{"class":83},[47,106781,1847],{"class":586},[47,106783,590],{"class":83},[47,106785,37048],{"class":586},[47,106787,17464],{"class":83},[47,106789,8634],{"class":83},[47,106791,2377],{"class":586},[47,106793,590],{"class":83},[47,106795,2382],{"class":586},[47,106797,590],{"class":83},[47,106799,1847],{"class":586},[47,106801,1419],{"class":83},[47,106803,106804,106806,106808,106810],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,106805,98],{"class":97},[47,106807,101],{"class":83},[47,106809,104],{"class":87},[47,106811,107],{"class":83},[20,106813,338],{},[38,106815,106817],{"className":40,"code":106816,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{2, 4}\n",[15,106818,106819],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106820,106821,106823,106825,106827,106829],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106822,8676],{"class":83},[47,106824,1449],{"class":586},[47,106826,590],{"class":83},[47,106828,1847],{"class":586},[47,106830,8707],{"class":83},[33,106832,106834,9985,106836],{"id":106833},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,106835,102193],{},[15,106837,106838],{},"intersection_update()",[20,106840,100730],{},[724,106842,106843],{"id":106045},[15,106844,102193],{},[133,106846,106847,106849],{},[136,106848,100739],{},[136,106850,100742],{},[38,106852,106854],{"className":40,"code":106853,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106855,106856,106876,106896,106900,106918,106922,106932],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106857,106858,106860,106862,106864,106866,106868,106870,106872,106874],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106859,1208],{"class":53},[47,106861,58],{"class":57},[47,106863,9890],{"class":83},[47,106865,2377],{"class":586},[47,106867,590],{"class":83},[47,106869,2382],{"class":586},[47,106871,590],{"class":83},[47,106873,1841],{"class":586},[47,106875,8707],{"class":83},[47,106877,106878,106880,106882,106884,106886,106888,106890,106892,106894],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,106879,1221],{"class":53},[47,106881,58],{"class":57},[47,106883,9890],{"class":83},[47,106885,1449],{"class":586},[47,106887,590],{"class":83},[47,106889,1841],{"class":586},[47,106891,590],{"class":83},[47,106893,1847],{"class":586},[47,106895,8707],{"class":83},[47,106897,106898],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,106899,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,106901,106902,106904,106906,106908,106910,106912,106914,106916],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,106903,75],{"class":53},[47,106905,58],{"class":57},[47,106907,56293],{"class":53},[47,106909,84],{"class":83},[47,106911,106045],{"class":87},[47,106913,101],{"class":83},[47,106915,4158],{"class":87},[47,106917,107],{"class":83},[47,106919,106920],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,106921,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,106923,106924,106926,106928,106930],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,106925,98],{"class":97},[47,106927,101],{"class":83},[47,106929,154],{"class":87},[47,106931,107],{"class":83},[47,106933,106934,106936,106938,106940],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,106935,98],{"class":97},[47,106937,101],{"class":83},[47,106939,104],{"class":87},[47,106941,107],{"class":83},[20,106943,338],{},[38,106945,106947],{"className":40,"code":106946,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,106948,106949,106965],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106950,106951,106953,106955,106957,106959,106961,106963],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106952,8676],{"class":83},[47,106954,2377],{"class":586},[47,106956,590],{"class":83},[47,106958,2382],{"class":586},[47,106960,590],{"class":83},[47,106962,1841],{"class":586},[47,106964,8707],{"class":83},[47,106966,106967,106969,106971,106973,106975],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,106968,8676],{"class":83},[47,106970,1449],{"class":586},[47,106972,590],{"class":83},[47,106974,1841],{"class":586},[47,106976,8707],{"class":83},[724,106978,106980],{"id":106979},"intersection_update",[15,106981,106838],{},[133,106983,106984,106986],{},[136,106985,100882],{},[136,106987,106988],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[38,106990,106992],{"className":40,"code":106991,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,106993,106994,107014,107034,107038,107052,107056],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106995,106996,106998,107000,107002,107004,107006,107008,107010,107012],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106997,1208],{"class":53},[47,106999,58],{"class":57},[47,107001,9890],{"class":83},[47,107003,2377],{"class":586},[47,107005,590],{"class":83},[47,107007,2382],{"class":586},[47,107009,590],{"class":83},[47,107011,1841],{"class":586},[47,107013,8707],{"class":83},[47,107015,107016,107018,107020,107022,107024,107026,107028,107030,107032],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,107017,1221],{"class":53},[47,107019,58],{"class":57},[47,107021,9890],{"class":83},[47,107023,1449],{"class":586},[47,107025,590],{"class":83},[47,107027,1841],{"class":586},[47,107029,590],{"class":83},[47,107031,1847],{"class":586},[47,107033,8707],{"class":83},[47,107035,107036],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,107037,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,107039,107040,107042,107044,107046,107048,107050],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,107041,154],{"class":53},[47,107043,84],{"class":83},[47,107045,106979],{"class":87},[47,107047,101],{"class":83},[47,107049,4158],{"class":87},[47,107051,107],{"class":83},[47,107053,107054],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,107055,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,107057,107058,107060,107062,107064],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,107059,98],{"class":97},[47,107061,101],{"class":83},[47,107063,154],{"class":87},[47,107065,107],{"class":83},[20,107067,338],{},[38,107069,107071],{"className":40,"code":107070,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107072,107073],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107074,107075,107077,107079,107081,107083],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107076,8676],{"class":83},[47,107078,1449],{"class":586},[47,107080,590],{"class":83},[47,107082,1841],{"class":586},[47,107084,8707],{"class":83},[20,107086,107087,107088,107090],{},"Choose ",[15,107089,102193],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[33,107092,3915],{"id":3914},[20,107094,14135,107095,1032],{},[15,107096,102193],{},[133,107098,107099,107102,107105,107108],{},[136,107100,107101],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[136,107103,107104],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[136,107106,107107],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[136,107109,107110,107111],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107112,102193],{},[20,107114,107115],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[133,107117,107118,107123,107126,107139],{},[136,107119,7816,107120,107122],{},[15,107121,102193],{}," when order matters",[136,107124,107125],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[136,107127,946,107128,8101,107130,158,107135],{},[15,107129,102193],{},[154,107131,107133],{"href":107132},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107134,102201],{},[154,107136,107137],{"href":102242},[15,107138,99816],{},[136,107140,107141],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107143,29540],{},[38,107145,107147],{"className":40,"code":107146,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107148,107149,107159,107173,107191],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107150,107151,107153,107155,107157],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107152,98],{"class":97},[47,107154,101],{"class":83},[47,107156,15069],{"class":87},[47,107158,107],{"class":83},[47,107160,107161,107163,107165,107167,107169,107171],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,107162,98],{"class":97},[47,107164,101],{"class":83},[47,107166,2613],{"class":919},[47,107168,101],{"class":83},[47,107170,104],{"class":87},[47,107172,1419],{"class":83},[47,107174,107175,107177,107179,107181,107183,107185,107187,107189],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,107176,98],{"class":97},[47,107178,101],{"class":83},[47,107180,99987],{"class":87},[47,107182,84],{"class":83},[47,107184,106045],{"class":87},[47,107186,101],{"class":83},[47,107188,99996],{"class":87},[47,107190,1419],{"class":83},[47,107192,107193,107195,107197,107199,107201,107203],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,107194,98],{"class":97},[47,107196,101],{"class":83},[47,107198,10562],{"class":97},[47,107200,101],{"class":83},[47,107202,104],{"class":87},[47,107204,1419],{"class":83},[20,107206,538],{},[38,107208,107210],{"className":40,"code":107209,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107211,107212,107236,107256,107260,107278,107282,107292,107302,107316],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107213,107214,107216,107218,107220,107222,107224,107226,107228,107230,107232,107234],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107215,3012],{"class":53},[47,107217,58],{"class":57},[47,107219,9890],{"class":83},[47,107221,2377],{"class":586},[47,107223,590],{"class":83},[47,107225,2382],{"class":586},[47,107227,590],{"class":83},[47,107229,2382],{"class":586},[47,107231,590],{"class":83},[47,107233,1841],{"class":586},[47,107235,8707],{"class":83},[47,107237,107238,107240,107242,107244,107246,107248,107250,107252,107254],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,107239,42952],{"class":53},[47,107241,58],{"class":57},[47,107243,9890],{"class":83},[47,107245,1449],{"class":586},[47,107247,590],{"class":83},[47,107249,1841],{"class":586},[47,107251,590],{"class":83},[47,107253,1847],{"class":586},[47,107255,8707],{"class":83},[47,107257,107258],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,107259,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,107261,107262,107264,107266,107268,107270,107272,107274,107276],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,107263,75],{"class":53},[47,107265,58],{"class":57},[47,107267,3659],{"class":53},[47,107269,84],{"class":83},[47,107271,106045],{"class":87},[47,107273,101],{"class":83},[47,107275,30148],{"class":87},[47,107277,107],{"class":83},[47,107279,107280],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,107281,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,107283,107284,107286,107288,107290],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,107285,98],{"class":97},[47,107287,101],{"class":83},[47,107289,3044],{"class":87},[47,107291,107],{"class":83},[47,107293,107294,107296,107298,107300],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,107295,98],{"class":97},[47,107297,101],{"class":83},[47,107299,104],{"class":87},[47,107301,107],{"class":83},[47,107303,107304,107306,107308,107310,107312,107314],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,107305,98],{"class":97},[47,107307,101],{"class":83},[47,107309,2613],{"class":919},[47,107311,101],{"class":83},[47,107313,104],{"class":87},[47,107315,1419],{"class":83},[47,107317,107318,107320,107322,107324,107326,107328],{"class":49,"line":5831},[47,107319,98],{"class":97},[47,107321,101],{"class":83},[47,107323,10562],{"class":97},[47,107325,101],{"class":83},[47,107327,104],{"class":87},[47,107329,1419],{"class":83},[20,107331,338],{},[38,107333,107335],{"className":40,"code":107334,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107336,107337,107353,107365,107379],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107338,107339,107341,107343,107345,107347,107349,107351],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107340,8676],{"class":83},[47,107342,2377],{"class":586},[47,107344,590],{"class":83},[47,107346,2382],{"class":586},[47,107348,590],{"class":83},[47,107350,1841],{"class":586},[47,107352,8707],{"class":83},[47,107354,107355,107357,107359,107361,107363],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,107356,8676],{"class":83},[47,107358,1449],{"class":586},[47,107360,590],{"class":83},[47,107362,1841],{"class":586},[47,107364,8707],{"class":83},[47,107366,107367,107369,107371,107373,107375,107377],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,107368,2682],{"class":57},[47,107370,2685],{"class":1458},[47,107372,2688],{"class":61},[47,107374,5687],{"class":65},[47,107376,2693],{"class":61},[47,107378,2696],{"class":57},[47,107380,107381],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,107382,16458],{"class":586},[20,107384,107385,107386,107388],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107387,1449],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[33,107390,1155],{"id":1154},[724,107392,1159,107394,102141],{"id":107393},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,107395,102193],{},[20,107397,102144],{},[724,107399,4568,107401,107403],{"id":107400},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,107402,102193],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,107405,107406],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[724,107408,107410],{"id":107409},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,107412,107413],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[724,107415,107417],{"id":107416},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,107419,107420],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[38,107422,107423],{"className":40,"code":96861,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,107424,107425],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107426,107427,107429],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107428,5687],{"class":919},[47,107430,91],{"class":83},[33,107432,1275],{"id":1274},[133,107434,107435,107439,107446,107452],{},[136,107436,107437],{},[154,107438,95731],{"href":95730},[136,107440,107441],{},[154,107442,2968,107443,1289],{"href":107132},[15,107444,107445],{},"set.union()",[136,107447,107448],{},[154,107449,2968,107450,1289],{"href":102242},[15,107451,99821],{},[136,107453,107454],{},[154,107455,99746],{"href":104745},[1320,107457,107458],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":107460},[107461,107463,107464,107465,107466,107468,107473,107474,107482],{"id":106074,"depth":72,"text":107462},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":16820,"depth":72,"text":16821},{"id":267,"depth":72,"text":268},{"id":106582,"depth":72,"text":107467},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":106833,"depth":72,"text":107469,"children":107470},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107471,107472],{"id":106045,"depth":94,"text":102193},{"id":106979,"depth":94,"text":106838},{"id":3914,"depth":72,"text":3915},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":107475},[107476,107478,107480,107481],{"id":107393,"depth":94,"text":107477},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107400,"depth":94,"text":107479},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107409,"depth":94,"text":107410},{"id":107416,"depth":94,"text":107417},{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":105967,"description":107483},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107490,"title":107491,"body":107492,"description":108728,"extension":1354,"meta":108729,"navigation":311,"path":108730,"seo":108731,"stem":108732,"__hash__":108733},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107493,"toc":108695},[107494,107499,107505,107514,107516,107591,107596,107611,107621,107626,107630,107643,107647,107649,107664,107666,107682,107684,107759,107763,107766,107768,107785,107790,107845,107850,107862,107866,107869,107970,107972,108013,108016,108020,108027,108029,108054,108057,108075,108082,108088,108091,108173,108180,108183,108263,108272,108275,108280,108284,108298,108347,108352,108356,108367,108416,108427,108432,108436,108448,108497,108508,108510,108514,108537,108539,108596,108598,108612,108614,108620,108626,108632,108641,108645,108652,108656,108664,108666,108692],[10,107495,95603,107497,18],{"id":107496},"python-set-pop-method",[15,107498,12162],{},[20,107500,107501,107504],{},[15,107502,107503],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,107506,107507,107508,107510,107511,107513],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[121,107509,123],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,107512,12162],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[33,107515,36],{"id":35},[38,107517,107519],{"className":40,"code":107518,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,107520,107521,107553,107567,107571,107581],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107522,107523,107525,107527,107529,107531,107533,107535,107537,107539,107541,107543,107545,107547,107549,107551],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107524,7178],{"class":53},[47,107526,58],{"class":57},[47,107528,9890],{"class":83},[47,107530,253],{"class":61},[47,107532,3475],{"class":65},[47,107534,253],{"class":61},[47,107536,590],{"class":83},[47,107538,62],{"class":61},[47,107540,288],{"class":65},[47,107542,253],{"class":61},[47,107544,590],{"class":83},[47,107546,62],{"class":61},[47,107548,3492],{"class":65},[47,107550,253],{"class":61},[47,107552,8707],{"class":83},[47,107554,107555,107557,107559,107561,107563,107565],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,107556,69340],{"class":53},[47,107558,58],{"class":57},[47,107560,5367],{"class":53},[47,107562,84],{"class":83},[47,107564,25645],{"class":87},[47,107566,91],{"class":83},[47,107568,107569],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,107570,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,107572,107573,107575,107577,107579],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,107574,98],{"class":97},[47,107576,101],{"class":83},[47,107578,69363],{"class":87},[47,107580,107],{"class":83},[47,107582,107583,107585,107587,107589],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,107584,98],{"class":97},[47,107586,101],{"class":83},[47,107588,7209],{"class":87},[47,107590,107],{"class":83},[20,107592,107593],{},[121,107594,107595],{},"What this does:",[133,107597,107598,107603,107608],{},[136,107599,107600,107601],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,107602,7209],{},[136,107604,107605,107606],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,107607,69363],{},[136,107609,107610],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,107612,107613,88367,107615,107617,107618,107620],{},[121,107614,83226],{},[15,107616,107503],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[121,107619,123],{}," chosen by index.",[33,107622,128,107624,131],{"id":107623},"what-setpop-does",[15,107625,107503],{},[20,107627,107628,1032],{},[15,107629,107503],{},[133,107631,107632,107634,107637,107640],{},[136,107633,102444],{},[136,107635,107636],{},"Returns the removed item",[136,107638,107639],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[136,107641,107642],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,107644,95727,107645,84],{},[154,107646,95731],{"href":96902},[33,107648,166],{"id":165},[38,107650,107652],{"className":40,"code":107651,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,107653,107654],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107655,107656,107658,107660,107662],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107657,15069],{"class":53},[47,107659,84],{"class":83},[47,107661,25645],{"class":87},[47,107663,91],{"class":83},[20,107665,12452],{},[133,107667,107668,107674,107679],{},[136,107669,107670,107671],{},"The syntax is ",[15,107672,107673],{},"my_set.pop()",[136,107675,107676,107677],{},"It takes ",[121,107678,28092],{},[136,107680,107681],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,107683,538],{},[38,107685,107687],{"className":40,"code":107686,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,107688,107689,107721,107735,107739,107749],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107690,107691,107693,107695,107697,107699,107701,107703,107705,107707,107709,107711,107713,107715,107717,107719],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107692,12476],{"class":53},[47,107694,58],{"class":57},[47,107696,9890],{"class":83},[47,107698,253],{"class":61},[47,107700,12493],{"class":65},[47,107702,253],{"class":61},[47,107704,590],{"class":83},[47,107706,62],{"class":61},[47,107708,12510],{"class":65},[47,107710,253],{"class":61},[47,107712,590],{"class":83},[47,107714,62],{"class":61},[47,107716,16858],{"class":65},[47,107718,253],{"class":61},[47,107720,8707],{"class":83},[47,107722,107723,107725,107727,107729,107731,107733],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,107724,27942],{"class":53},[47,107726,58],{"class":57},[47,107728,12524],{"class":53},[47,107730,84],{"class":83},[47,107732,25645],{"class":87},[47,107734,91],{"class":83},[47,107736,107737],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,107738,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,107740,107741,107743,107745,107747],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,107742,98],{"class":97},[47,107744,101],{"class":83},[47,107746,22713],{"class":87},[47,107748,107],{"class":83},[47,107750,107751,107753,107755,107757],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,107752,98],{"class":97},[47,107754,101],{"class":83},[47,107756,16905],{"class":87},[47,107758,107],{"class":83},[33,107760,107762],{"id":107761},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,107764,107765],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,107767,1501],{},[133,107769,107770,107776,107779],{},[136,107771,107772,107773,107775],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,107774,12162],{}," removes",[136,107777,107778],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[136,107780,107781,107782,107784],{},"You should not use ",[15,107783,12162],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,107786,9860,107787,107789],{},[121,107788,123],{}," valid:",[38,107791,107793],{"className":40,"code":107792,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,107794,107795,107827],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107796,107797,107799,107801,107803,107805,107807,107809,107811,107813,107815,107817,107819,107821,107823,107825],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107798,35643],{"class":53},[47,107800,58],{"class":57},[47,107802,9890],{"class":83},[47,107804,253],{"class":61},[47,107806,3475],{"class":65},[47,107808,253],{"class":61},[47,107810,590],{"class":83},[47,107812,62],{"class":61},[47,107814,288],{"class":65},[47,107816,253],{"class":61},[47,107818,590],{"class":83},[47,107820,62],{"class":61},[47,107822,3492],{"class":65},[47,107824,253],{"class":61},[47,107826,8707],{"class":83},[47,107828,107829,107831,107833,107835,107837,107839,107841,107843],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,107830,35695],{"class":53},[47,107832,84],{"class":83},[47,107834,25645],{"class":87},[47,107836,101],{"class":83},[47,107838,253],{"class":61},[47,107840,3475],{"class":65},[47,107842,253],{"class":61},[47,107844,107],{"class":83},[20,107846,887,107847,107849],{},[15,107848,107503],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,107851,107852,107853,158,107857,84],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[154,107854,107855],{"href":97611},[15,107856,102270],{},[154,107858,107860],{"href":107859},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,107861,102261],{},[33,107863,107865],{"id":107864},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,107867,107868],{},"Here is a simple example:",[38,107870,107872],{"className":40,"code":107871,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,107873,107874,107908,107912,107928,107932,107951],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107875,107876,107879,107881,107883,107885,107887,107889,107891,107893,107895,107897,107899,107901,107904,107906],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107877,107878],{"class":53},"animals ",[47,107880,58],{"class":57},[47,107882,9890],{"class":83},[47,107884,253],{"class":61},[47,107886,36452],{"class":65},[47,107888,253],{"class":61},[47,107890,590],{"class":83},[47,107892,62],{"class":61},[47,107894,57533],{"class":65},[47,107896,253],{"class":61},[47,107898,590],{"class":83},[47,107900,62],{"class":61},[47,107902,107903],{"class":65},"rabbit",[47,107905,253],{"class":61},[47,107907,8707],{"class":83},[47,107909,107910],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,107911,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,107913,107914,107917,107919,107922,107924,107926],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,107915,107916],{"class":53},"removed_animal ",[47,107918,58],{"class":57},[47,107920,107921],{"class":53}," animals",[47,107923,84],{"class":83},[47,107925,25645],{"class":87},[47,107927,91],{"class":83},[47,107929,107930],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,107931,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,107933,107934,107936,107938,107940,107942,107944,107946,107949],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,107935,98],{"class":97},[47,107937,101],{"class":83},[47,107939,253],{"class":61},[47,107941,28360],{"class":65},[47,107943,253],{"class":61},[47,107945,590],{"class":83},[47,107947,107948],{"class":87}," removed_animal",[47,107950,107],{"class":83},[47,107952,107953,107955,107957,107959,107962,107964,107966,107968],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,107954,98],{"class":97},[47,107956,101],{"class":83},[47,107958,253],{"class":61},[47,107960,107961],{"class":65},"Updated set:",[47,107963,253],{"class":61},[47,107965,590],{"class":83},[47,107967,107921],{"class":87},[47,107969,107],{"class":83},[20,107971,29434],{},[38,107973,107975],{"className":40,"code":107974,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,107976,107977,107986],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107978,107979,107981,107983],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107980,28402],{"class":53},[47,107982,1032],{"class":83},[47,107984,107985],{"class":53}," dog\n",[47,107987,107988,107991,107993,107995,107997,107999,108001,108003,108005,108007,108009,108011],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,107989,107990],{"class":53},"Updated ",[47,107992,5687],{"class":919},[47,107994,1032],{"class":83},[47,107996,9890],{"class":83},[47,107998,2693],{"class":61},[47,108000,36452],{"class":65},[47,108002,2693],{"class":61},[47,108004,590],{"class":83},[47,108006,2688],{"class":61},[47,108008,107903],{"class":65},[47,108010,2693],{"class":61},[47,108012,8707],{"class":83},[20,108014,108015],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[33,108017,108019],{"id":108018},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108021,29054,108022,108024,108025,84],{},[15,108023,12162],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108026,19089],{},[20,108028,538],{},[38,108030,108032],{"className":40,"code":108031,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108033,108034,108044],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108035,108036,108038,108040,108042],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108037,7178],{"class":53},[47,108039,58],{"class":57},[47,108041,15036],{"class":919},[47,108043,91],{"class":83},[47,108045,108046,108048,108050,108052],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,108047,7209],{"class":53},[47,108049,84],{"class":83},[47,108051,25645],{"class":87},[47,108053,91],{"class":83},[20,108055,108056],{},"This raises:",[38,108058,108060],{"className":40,"code":108059,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108061,108062],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108063,108064,108066,108068,108070,108073],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108065,19089],{"class":919},[47,108067,1032],{"class":83},[47,108069,2688],{"class":61},[47,108071,108072],{"class":65},"pop from an empty set",[47,108074,29104],{"class":61},[20,108076,108077,108078,108081],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[154,108079,108080],{"href":10474},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[724,108083,108085,108086],{"id":108084},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108087,12162],{},[20,108089,108090],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[38,108092,108094],{"className":40,"code":108093,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108095,108096,108106,108110,108118,108133,108152,108158],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108097,108098,108100,108102,108104],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108099,7178],{"class":53},[47,108101,58],{"class":57},[47,108103,15036],{"class":919},[47,108105,91],{"class":83},[47,108107,108108],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,108109,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,108111,108112,108114,108116],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,108113,656],{"class":655},[47,108115,5367],{"class":53},[47,108117,679],{"class":83},[47,108119,108120,108123,108125,108127,108129,108131],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,108121,108122],{"class":53},"    removed ",[47,108124,58],{"class":57},[47,108126,5367],{"class":53},[47,108128,84],{"class":83},[47,108130,25645],{"class":87},[47,108132,91],{"class":83},[47,108134,108135,108137,108139,108141,108143,108145,108147,108150],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,108136,684],{"class":97},[47,108138,101],{"class":83},[47,108140,253],{"class":61},[47,108142,28360],{"class":65},[47,108144,253],{"class":61},[47,108146,590],{"class":83},[47,108148,108149],{"class":87}," removed",[47,108151,107],{"class":83},[47,108153,108154,108156],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,108155,26838],{"class":655},[47,108157,679],{"class":83},[47,108159,108160,108162,108164,108166,108169,108171],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,108161,684],{"class":97},[47,108163,101],{"class":83},[47,108165,253],{"class":61},[47,108167,108168],{"class":65},"The set is empty.",[47,108170,253],{"class":61},[47,108172,107],{"class":83},[724,108174,1486,108176,1063,108178],{"id":108175},"use-try-and-except",[15,108177,29208],{},[15,108179,29239],{},[20,108181,108182],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[38,108184,108186],{"className":40,"code":108185,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108187,108188,108198,108202,108208,108222,108240,108248],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108189,108190,108192,108194,108196],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108191,7178],{"class":53},[47,108193,58],{"class":57},[47,108195,15036],{"class":919},[47,108197,91],{"class":83},[47,108199,108200],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,108201,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,108203,108204,108206],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,108205,29208],{"class":655},[47,108207,679],{"class":83},[47,108209,108210,108212,108214,108216,108218,108220],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,108211,108122],{"class":53},[47,108213,58],{"class":57},[47,108215,5367],{"class":53},[47,108217,84],{"class":83},[47,108219,25645],{"class":87},[47,108221,91],{"class":83},[47,108223,108224,108226,108228,108230,108232,108234,108236,108238],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,108225,684],{"class":97},[47,108227,101],{"class":83},[47,108229,253],{"class":61},[47,108231,28360],{"class":65},[47,108233,253],{"class":61},[47,108235,590],{"class":83},[47,108237,108149],{"class":87},[47,108239,107],{"class":83},[47,108241,108242,108244,108246],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,108243,29239],{"class":655},[47,108245,29242],{"class":919},[47,108247,679],{"class":83},[47,108249,108250,108252,108254,108256,108259,108261],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,108251,684],{"class":97},[47,108253,101],{"class":83},[47,108255,253],{"class":61},[47,108257,108258],{"class":65},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[47,108260,253],{"class":61},[47,108262,107],{"class":83},[33,108264,603,108266,9985,108268,9985,108270],{"id":108265},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108267,12162],{},[15,108269,54934],{},[15,108271,102256],{},[20,108273,108274],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[724,108276,1486,108278],{"id":108277},"use-pop",[15,108279,12162],{},[20,108281,1486,108282,10001],{},[15,108283,12162],{},[133,108285,108286,108292,108295],{},[136,108287,108288,108289],{},"You want to remove ",[121,108290,108291],{},"any one item",[136,108293,108294],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[136,108296,108297],{},"You want the removed item returned",[38,108299,108301],{"className":40,"code":108300,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108302,108303,108323,108337],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108304,108305,108307,108309,108311,108313,108315,108317,108319,108321],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108306,3012],{"class":53},[47,108308,58],{"class":57},[47,108310,9890],{"class":83},[47,108312,2377],{"class":586},[47,108314,590],{"class":83},[47,108316,2382],{"class":586},[47,108318,590],{"class":83},[47,108320,1841],{"class":586},[47,108322,8707],{"class":83},[47,108324,108325,108327,108329,108331,108333,108335],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,108326,1836],{"class":53},[47,108328,58],{"class":57},[47,108330,3659],{"class":53},[47,108332,84],{"class":83},[47,108334,25645],{"class":87},[47,108336,91],{"class":83},[47,108338,108339,108341,108343,108345],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,108340,98],{"class":97},[47,108342,101],{"class":83},[47,108344,1863],{"class":87},[47,108346,107],{"class":83},[724,108348,1486,108350],{"id":108349},"use-remove",[15,108351,54934],{},[20,108353,1486,108354,10001],{},[15,108355,54934],{},[133,108357,108358,108364],{},[136,108359,108360,108361],{},"You want to delete a ",[121,108362,108363],{},"specific item",[136,108365,108366],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[38,108368,108370],{"className":40,"code":108369,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108371,108372,108392,108406],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108373,108374,108376,108378,108380,108382,108384,108386,108388,108390],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108375,3012],{"class":53},[47,108377,58],{"class":57},[47,108379,9890],{"class":83},[47,108381,2377],{"class":586},[47,108383,590],{"class":83},[47,108385,2382],{"class":586},[47,108387,590],{"class":83},[47,108389,1841],{"class":586},[47,108391,8707],{"class":83},[47,108393,108394,108396,108398,108400,108402,108404],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,108395,3044],{"class":53},[47,108397,84],{"class":83},[47,108399,34197],{"class":87},[47,108401,101],{"class":83},[47,108403,1449],{"class":586},[47,108405,107],{"class":83},[47,108407,108408,108410,108412,108414],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,108409,98],{"class":97},[47,108411,101],{"class":83},[47,108413,3044],{"class":87},[47,108415,107],{"class":83},[20,108417,108418,108419,108421,108422,108426],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,108420,54934],{}," raises an error. See the ",[154,108423,108424,1289],{"href":97611},[15,108425,102270],{}," for details.",[724,108428,1486,108430],{"id":108429},"use-discard",[15,108431,102256],{},[20,108433,1486,108434,10001],{},[15,108435,102256],{},[133,108437,108438,108442],{},[136,108439,108360,108440],{},[121,108441,108363],{},[136,108443,108444,108445,108447],{},"You do ",[121,108446,123],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[38,108449,108451],{"className":40,"code":108450,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108452,108453,108473,108487],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108454,108455,108457,108459,108461,108463,108465,108467,108469,108471],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108456,3012],{"class":53},[47,108458,58],{"class":57},[47,108460,9890],{"class":83},[47,108462,2377],{"class":586},[47,108464,590],{"class":83},[47,108466,2382],{"class":586},[47,108468,590],{"class":83},[47,108470,1841],{"class":586},[47,108472,8707],{"class":83},[47,108474,108475,108477,108479,108481,108483,108485],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,108476,3044],{"class":53},[47,108478,84],{"class":83},[47,108480,102323],{"class":87},[47,108482,101],{"class":83},[47,108484,1531],{"class":586},[47,108486,107],{"class":83},[47,108488,108489,108491,108493,108495],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,108490,98],{"class":97},[47,108492,101],{"class":83},[47,108494,3044],{"class":87},[47,108496,107],{"class":83},[20,108498,108499,108500,108502,108503,108507],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,108501,1531],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[154,108504,108505,1289],{"href":107859},[15,108506,102261],{}," for more examples.",[33,108509,722],{"id":721},[20,108511,70885,108512,1032],{},[15,108513,107503],{},[133,108515,108516,108522,108527,108532],{},[136,108517,108518,108519],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,108520,108521],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[136,108523,7852,108524,108526],{},[15,108525,12162],{}," to remove the first or last item",[136,108528,29054,108529,108531],{},[15,108530,12162],{}," on an empty set",[136,108533,7816,108534,108536],{},[15,108535,12162],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,108538,61700],{},[38,108540,108542],{"className":40,"code":108541,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,108543,108544,108554,108568,108582],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108545,108546,108548,108550,108552],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108547,98],{"class":97},[47,108549,101],{"class":83},[47,108551,15069],{"class":87},[47,108553,107],{"class":83},[47,108555,108556,108558,108560,108562,108564,108566],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,108557,98],{"class":97},[47,108559,101],{"class":83},[47,108561,10562],{"class":97},[47,108563,101],{"class":83},[47,108565,15069],{"class":87},[47,108567,1419],{"class":83},[47,108569,108570,108572,108574,108576,108578,108580],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,108571,98],{"class":97},[47,108573,101],{"class":83},[47,108575,2613],{"class":919},[47,108577,101],{"class":83},[47,108579,15069],{"class":87},[47,108581,1419],{"class":83},[47,108583,108584,108586,108588,108590,108592,108594],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,108585,27942],{"class":53},[47,108587,58],{"class":57},[47,108589,96327],{"class":53},[47,108591,84],{"class":83},[47,108593,25645],{"class":87},[47,108595,91],{"class":83},[20,108597,25412],{},[133,108599,108600,108603,108606,108609],{},[136,108601,108602],{},"What values are in the set",[136,108604,108605],{},"Whether the set is empty",[136,108607,108608],{},"That the object is really a set",[136,108610,108611],{},"What value was actually removed",[33,108613,1155],{"id":1154},[724,108615,1159,108617,108619],{"id":108616},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,108618,107503],{}," remove the first item?",[20,108621,108622,108623,108625],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,108624,12162],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[724,108627,108629,108630,1883],{"id":108628},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,108631,107503],{},[20,108633,108634,108635,108637,108638,108640],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,108636,12162],{},", set ",[15,108639,12162],{}," does not accept an index.",[724,108642,108644],{"id":108643},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,108646,71054,108647,44033,108649,108651],{},[15,108648,19089],{},[15,108650,12162],{}," is called on an empty set.",[724,108653,108655],{"id":108654},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,108657,1486,108658,158,108660,10492,108662,84],{},[15,108659,54934],{},[15,108661,102256],{},[15,108663,12162],{},[33,108665,1275],{"id":1274},[133,108667,108668,108672,108678,108684,108688],{},[136,108669,108670],{},[154,108671,95731],{"href":96902},[136,108673,108674],{},[154,108675,96217,108676,1289],{"href":97611},[15,108677,54934],{},[136,108679,108680],{},[154,108681,96217,108682,1289],{"href":107859},[15,108683,102256],{},[136,108685,108686],{},[154,108687,10663],{"href":10474},[136,108689,108690],{},[154,108691,54920],{"href":54472},[1320,108693,108694],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":108696},[108697,108698,108700,108701,108702,108703,108709,108718,108719,108727],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":107623,"depth":72,"text":108699},"What set.pop() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":107761,"depth":72,"text":107762},{"id":107864,"depth":72,"text":107865},{"id":108018,"depth":72,"text":108019,"children":108704},[108705,108707],{"id":108084,"depth":94,"text":108706},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108175,"depth":94,"text":108708},"Use try and except",{"id":108265,"depth":72,"text":108710,"children":108711},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[108712,108714,108716],{"id":108277,"depth":94,"text":108713},"Use pop()",{"id":108349,"depth":94,"text":108715},"Use remove()",{"id":108429,"depth":94,"text":108717},"Use discard()",{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":108720},[108721,108723,108725,108726],{"id":108616,"depth":94,"text":108722},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":108628,"depth":94,"text":108724},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":108643,"depth":94,"text":108644},{"id":108654,"depth":94,"text":108655},{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107491,"description":108728},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":108735,"title":108736,"body":108737,"description":109891,"extension":1354,"meta":109892,"navigation":311,"path":109893,"seo":109894,"stem":109895,"__hash__":109896},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":108738,"toc":109859},[108739,108744,108749,108758,108760,108825,108829,108853,108860,108865,108869,108884,108887,108889,108908,108922,108925,108973,108977,108993,108995,109068,109072,109097,109103,109111,109115,109122,109177,109182,109199,109205,109211,109216,109224,109231,109235,109243,109298,109300,109317,109321,109328,109393,109397,109430,109432,109444,109451,109453,109458,109465,109467,109536,109540,109548,109550,109614,109618,109623,109670,109675,109743,109751,109758,109761,109767,109772,109776,109778,109781,109783,109788,109793,109799,109804,109811,109819,109825,109828,109830,109856],[10,108740,95603,108742,18],{"id":108741},"python-set-remove-method",[15,108743,54934],{},[20,108745,108746,108748],{},[15,108747,102270],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,108750,108751,108752,108755,108756,84],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[121,108753,108754],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,108757,19089],{},[33,108759,36],{"id":35},[38,108761,108763],{"className":40,"code":108762,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108764,108765,108797,108815],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108766,108767,108769,108771,108773,108775,108777,108779,108781,108783,108785,108787,108789,108791,108793,108795],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108768,12476],{"class":53},[47,108770,58],{"class":57},[47,108772,9890],{"class":83},[47,108774,253],{"class":61},[47,108776,12493],{"class":65},[47,108778,253],{"class":61},[47,108780,590],{"class":83},[47,108782,62],{"class":61},[47,108784,12510],{"class":65},[47,108786,253],{"class":61},[47,108788,590],{"class":83},[47,108790,62],{"class":61},[47,108792,16858],{"class":65},[47,108794,253],{"class":61},[47,108796,8707],{"class":83},[47,108798,108799,108801,108803,108805,108807,108809,108811,108813],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,108800,16905],{"class":53},[47,108802,84],{"class":83},[47,108804,34197],{"class":87},[47,108806,101],{"class":83},[47,108808,253],{"class":61},[47,108810,12510],{"class":65},[47,108812,253],{"class":61},[47,108814,107],{"class":83},[47,108816,108817,108819,108821,108823],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,108818,98],{"class":97},[47,108820,101],{"class":83},[47,108822,16905],{"class":87},[47,108824,107],{"class":83},[20,108826,108827],{},[121,108828,29434],{},[38,108830,108831],{"className":40,"code":102950,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,108832,108833],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108834,108835,108837,108839,108841,108843,108845,108847,108849,108851],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108836,8676],{"class":83},[47,108838,2693],{"class":61},[47,108840,12493],{"class":65},[47,108842,2693],{"class":61},[47,108844,590],{"class":83},[47,108846,2688],{"class":61},[47,108848,16858],{"class":65},[47,108850,2693],{"class":61},[47,108852,8707],{"class":83},[20,108854,1486,108855,108857,108858,84],{},[15,108856,54934],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,108859,19089],{},[33,108861,128,108863,131],{"id":108862},"what-setremove-does",[15,108864,102270],{},[20,108866,108867,1032],{},[15,108868,102270],{},[133,108870,108871,108874,108876,108878],{},[136,108872,108873],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[136,108875,95718],{},[136,108877,95721],{},[136,108879,108880,108881,108883],{},"Raises ",[15,108882,19089],{}," if the value is missing",[20,108885,108886],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[33,108888,166],{"id":165},[38,108890,108892],{"className":40,"code":108891,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,108893,108894],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108895,108896,108898,108900,108902,108904,108906],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108897,15069],{"class":53},[47,108899,84],{"class":83},[47,108901,34197],{"class":87},[47,108903,101],{"class":83},[47,108905,1863],{"class":87},[47,108907,107],{"class":83},[133,108909,108910,108914,108919],{},[136,108911,108912,102492],{},[15,108913,15069],{},[136,108915,108916,108918],{},[15,108917,1863],{}," is the item to remove",[136,108920,108921],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,108923,108924],{},"Here is a small example:",[38,108926,108927],{"className":40,"code":108369,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,108928,108929,108949,108963],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108930,108931,108933,108935,108937,108939,108941,108943,108945,108947],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108932,3012],{"class":53},[47,108934,58],{"class":57},[47,108936,9890],{"class":83},[47,108938,2377],{"class":586},[47,108940,590],{"class":83},[47,108942,2382],{"class":586},[47,108944,590],{"class":83},[47,108946,1841],{"class":586},[47,108948,8707],{"class":83},[47,108950,108951,108953,108955,108957,108959,108961],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,108952,3044],{"class":53},[47,108954,84],{"class":83},[47,108956,34197],{"class":87},[47,108958,101],{"class":83},[47,108960,1449],{"class":586},[47,108962,107],{"class":83},[47,108964,108965,108967,108969,108971],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,108966,98],{"class":97},[47,108968,101],{"class":83},[47,108970,3044],{"class":87},[47,108972,107],{"class":83},[20,108974,108975],{},[121,108976,29434],{},[38,108978,108979],{"className":40,"code":100700,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,108980,108981],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108982,108983,108985,108987,108989,108991],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108984,8676],{"class":83},[47,108986,2377],{"class":586},[47,108988,590],{"class":83},[47,108990,1841],{"class":586},[47,108992,8707],{"class":83},[33,108994,268],{"id":267},[38,108996,108998],{"className":40,"code":108997,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,108999,109000,109032,109036,109054,109058],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109001,109002,109004,109006,109008,109010,109012,109014,109016,109018,109020,109022,109024,109026,109028,109030],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109003,35643],{"class":53},[47,109005,58],{"class":57},[47,109007,9890],{"class":83},[47,109009,253],{"class":61},[47,109011,3475],{"class":65},[47,109013,253],{"class":61},[47,109015,590],{"class":83},[47,109017,62],{"class":61},[47,109019,288],{"class":65},[47,109021,253],{"class":61},[47,109023,590],{"class":83},[47,109025,62],{"class":61},[47,109027,32627],{"class":65},[47,109029,253],{"class":61},[47,109031,8707],{"class":83},[47,109033,109034],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,109035,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,109037,109038,109040,109042,109044,109046,109048,109050,109052],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,109039,35695],{"class":53},[47,109041,84],{"class":83},[47,109043,34197],{"class":87},[47,109045,101],{"class":83},[47,109047,253],{"class":61},[47,109049,288],{"class":65},[47,109051,253],{"class":61},[47,109053,107],{"class":83},[47,109055,109056],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,109057,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,109059,109060,109062,109064,109066],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,109061,98],{"class":97},[47,109063,101],{"class":83},[47,109065,35695],{"class":87},[47,109067,107],{"class":83},[20,109069,109070],{},[121,109071,29434],{},[38,109073,109075],{"className":40,"code":109074,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109076,109077],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109078,109079,109081,109083,109085,109087,109089,109091,109093,109095],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109080,8676],{"class":83},[47,109082,2693],{"class":61},[47,109084,3475],{"class":65},[47,109086,2693],{"class":61},[47,109088,590],{"class":83},[47,109090,2688],{"class":61},[47,109092,32627],{"class":65},[47,109094,2693],{"class":61},[47,109096,8707],{"class":83},[20,109098,109099,109100,109102],{},"This removes ",[15,109101,64680],{}," from the set.",[20,109104,109105,109106,109108,109109,84],{},"A set does ",[121,109107,123],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[154,109110,95735],{"href":97285},[33,109112,109114],{"id":109113},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109116,109117,109118,51899,109120,84],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109119,54934],{},[15,109121,19089],{},[38,109123,109125],{"className":40,"code":109124,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109126,109127,109159],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109128,109129,109131,109133,109135,109137,109139,109141,109143,109145,109147,109149,109151,109153,109155,109157],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109130,12476],{"class":53},[47,109132,58],{"class":57},[47,109134,9890],{"class":83},[47,109136,253],{"class":61},[47,109138,12493],{"class":65},[47,109140,253],{"class":61},[47,109142,590],{"class":83},[47,109144,62],{"class":61},[47,109146,12510],{"class":65},[47,109148,253],{"class":61},[47,109150,590],{"class":83},[47,109152,62],{"class":61},[47,109154,16858],{"class":65},[47,109156,253],{"class":61},[47,109158,8707],{"class":83},[47,109160,109161,109163,109165,109167,109169,109171,109173,109175],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,109162,16905],{"class":53},[47,109164,84],{"class":83},[47,109166,34197],{"class":87},[47,109168,101],{"class":83},[47,109170,253],{"class":61},[47,109172,21926],{"class":65},[47,109174,253],{"class":61},[47,109176,107],{"class":83},[20,109178,109179],{},[121,109180,109181],{},"Result:",[38,109183,109185],{"className":40,"code":109184,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109186,109187],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109188,109189,109191,109193,109195,109197],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109190,19089],{"class":919},[47,109192,1032],{"class":83},[47,109194,2688],{"class":61},[47,109196,21926],{"class":65},[47,109198,29104],{"class":61},[20,109200,21591,109201,109204],{},[15,109202,109203],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109206,109207,109208,109210],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109209,54934],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109212,109213,109214,84],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[154,109215,10663],{"href":10474},[33,109217,3594,109219,109221,109222],{"id":109218},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109220,54934],{}," is different from ",[15,109223,102256],{},[20,109225,109226,1063,109228,109230],{},[15,109227,54934],{},[15,109229,102256],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[724,109232,109233],{"id":34197},[15,109234,54934],{},[133,109236,109237,109240],{},[136,109238,109239],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[136,109241,109242],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[38,109244,109246],{"className":40,"code":109245,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109247,109248,109280],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109249,109250,109252,109254,109256,109258,109260,109262,109264,109266,109268,109270,109272,109274,109276,109278],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109251,35494],{"class":53},[47,109253,58],{"class":57},[47,109255,9890],{"class":83},[47,109257,253],{"class":61},[47,109259,154],{"class":65},[47,109261,253],{"class":61},[47,109263,590],{"class":83},[47,109265,62],{"class":61},[47,109267,4158],{"class":65},[47,109269,253],{"class":61},[47,109271,590],{"class":83},[47,109273,62],{"class":61},[47,109275,9138],{"class":65},[47,109277,253],{"class":61},[47,109279,8707],{"class":83},[47,109281,109282,109284,109286,109288,109290,109292,109294,109296],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,109283,35547],{"class":53},[47,109285,84],{"class":83},[47,109287,34197],{"class":87},[47,109289,101],{"class":83},[47,109291,253],{"class":61},[47,109293,18170],{"class":65},[47,109295,253],{"class":61},[47,109297,107],{"class":83},[20,109299,108056],{},[38,109301,109303],{"className":40,"code":109302,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109304,109305],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109306,109307,109309,109311,109313,109315],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109308,19089],{"class":919},[47,109310,1032],{"class":83},[47,109312,2688],{"class":61},[47,109314,18170],{"class":65},[47,109316,29104],{"class":61},[724,109318,109319],{"id":102323},[15,109320,102256],{},[133,109322,109323,109325],{},[136,109324,109239],{},[136,109326,109327],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[38,109329,109331],{"className":40,"code":109330,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109332,109333,109365,109383],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109334,109335,109337,109339,109341,109343,109345,109347,109349,109351,109353,109355,109357,109359,109361,109363],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109336,35494],{"class":53},[47,109338,58],{"class":57},[47,109340,9890],{"class":83},[47,109342,253],{"class":61},[47,109344,154],{"class":65},[47,109346,253],{"class":61},[47,109348,590],{"class":83},[47,109350,62],{"class":61},[47,109352,4158],{"class":65},[47,109354,253],{"class":61},[47,109356,590],{"class":83},[47,109358,62],{"class":61},[47,109360,9138],{"class":65},[47,109362,253],{"class":61},[47,109364,8707],{"class":83},[47,109366,109367,109369,109371,109373,109375,109377,109379,109381],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,109368,35547],{"class":53},[47,109370,84],{"class":83},[47,109372,102323],{"class":87},[47,109374,101],{"class":83},[47,109376,253],{"class":61},[47,109378,18170],{"class":65},[47,109380,253],{"class":61},[47,109382,107],{"class":83},[47,109384,109385,109387,109389,109391],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,109386,98],{"class":97},[47,109388,101],{"class":83},[47,109390,35547],{"class":87},[47,109392,107],{"class":83},[20,109394,109395],{},[121,109396,338],{},[38,109398,109400],{"className":40,"code":109399,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,109401,109402],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109403,109404,109406,109408,109410,109412,109414,109416,109418,109420,109422,109424,109426,109428],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109405,8676],{"class":83},[47,109407,2693],{"class":61},[47,109409,154],{"class":65},[47,109411,2693],{"class":61},[47,109413,590],{"class":83},[47,109415,2688],{"class":61},[47,109417,4158],{"class":65},[47,109419,2693],{"class":61},[47,109421,590],{"class":83},[47,109423,2688],{"class":61},[47,109425,9138],{"class":65},[47,109427,2693],{"class":61},[47,109429,8707],{"class":83},[20,109431,18097],{},[133,109433,109434,109439],{},[136,109435,109436,109438],{},[15,109437,54934],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[136,109440,109441,109443],{},[15,109442,102256],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,109445,109446,109447,84],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[154,109448,96217,109449,1289],{"href":107859},[15,109450,102256],{},[33,109452,3915],{"id":3914},[724,109454,7852,109456,96597],{"id":109455},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,109457,54934],{},[20,109459,109460,109462,109463,84],{},[15,109461,54934],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,109464,3174],{},[20,109466,737],{},[38,109468,109470],{"className":40,"code":109469,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,109471,109472,109504,109526],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109473,109474,109476,109478,109480,109482,109484,109486,109488,109490,109492,109494,109496,109498,109500,109502],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109475,12476],{"class":53},[47,109477,58],{"class":57},[47,109479,9890],{"class":83},[47,109481,253],{"class":61},[47,109483,12493],{"class":65},[47,109485,253],{"class":61},[47,109487,590],{"class":83},[47,109489,62],{"class":61},[47,109491,12510],{"class":65},[47,109493,253],{"class":61},[47,109495,590],{"class":83},[47,109497,62],{"class":61},[47,109499,16858],{"class":65},[47,109501,253],{"class":61},[47,109503,8707],{"class":83},[47,109505,109506,109508,109510,109512,109514,109516,109518,109520,109522,109524],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,109507,12519],{"class":53},[47,109509,58],{"class":57},[47,109511,12524],{"class":53},[47,109513,84],{"class":83},[47,109515,34197],{"class":87},[47,109517,101],{"class":83},[47,109519,253],{"class":61},[47,109521,12510],{"class":65},[47,109523,253],{"class":61},[47,109525,107],{"class":83},[47,109527,109528,109530,109532,109534],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,109529,98],{"class":97},[47,109531,101],{"class":83},[47,109533,12543],{"class":87},[47,109535,107],{"class":83},[20,109537,109538],{},[121,109539,338],{},[38,109541,109542],{"className":40,"code":11207,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,109543,109544],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109545,109546],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109547,11207],{"class":1271},[20,109549,788],{},[38,109551,109552],{"className":40,"code":108762,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,109553,109554,109586,109604],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109555,109556,109558,109560,109562,109564,109566,109568,109570,109572,109574,109576,109578,109580,109582,109584],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109557,12476],{"class":53},[47,109559,58],{"class":57},[47,109561,9890],{"class":83},[47,109563,253],{"class":61},[47,109565,12493],{"class":65},[47,109567,253],{"class":61},[47,109569,590],{"class":83},[47,109571,62],{"class":61},[47,109573,12510],{"class":65},[47,109575,253],{"class":61},[47,109577,590],{"class":83},[47,109579,62],{"class":61},[47,109581,16858],{"class":65},[47,109583,253],{"class":61},[47,109585,8707],{"class":83},[47,109587,109588,109590,109592,109594,109596,109598,109600,109602],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,109589,16905],{"class":53},[47,109591,84],{"class":83},[47,109593,34197],{"class":87},[47,109595,101],{"class":83},[47,109597,253],{"class":61},[47,109599,12510],{"class":65},[47,109601,253],{"class":61},[47,109603,107],{"class":83},[47,109605,109606,109608,109610,109612],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,109607,98],{"class":97},[47,109609,101],{"class":83},[47,109611,16905],{"class":87},[47,109613,107],{"class":83},[724,109615,109617],{"id":109616},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,109619,109620,109621,84],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,109622,19089],{},[38,109624,109626],{"className":40,"code":109625,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109627,109628,109652],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109629,109630,109632,109634,109636,109638,109640,109642,109644,109646,109648,109650],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109631,12476],{"class":53},[47,109633,58],{"class":57},[47,109635,9890],{"class":83},[47,109637,253],{"class":61},[47,109639,12493],{"class":65},[47,109641,253],{"class":61},[47,109643,590],{"class":83},[47,109645,62],{"class":61},[47,109647,12510],{"class":65},[47,109649,253],{"class":61},[47,109651,8707],{"class":83},[47,109653,109654,109656,109658,109660,109662,109664,109666,109668],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,109655,16905],{"class":53},[47,109657,84],{"class":83},[47,109659,34197],{"class":87},[47,109661,101],{"class":83},[47,109663,253],{"class":61},[47,109665,16858],{"class":65},[47,109667,253],{"class":61},[47,109669,107],{"class":83},[20,109671,109672,109673,1032],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,109674,3278],{},[38,109676,109678],{"className":40,"code":109677,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109679,109680,109704,109708,109724],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109681,109682,109684,109686,109688,109690,109692,109694,109696,109698,109700,109702],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109683,12476],{"class":53},[47,109685,58],{"class":57},[47,109687,9890],{"class":83},[47,109689,253],{"class":61},[47,109691,12493],{"class":65},[47,109693,253],{"class":61},[47,109695,590],{"class":83},[47,109697,62],{"class":61},[47,109699,12510],{"class":65},[47,109701,253],{"class":61},[47,109703,8707],{"class":83},[47,109705,109706],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,109707,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,109709,109710,109712,109714,109716,109718,109720,109722],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,109711,656],{"class":655},[47,109713,62],{"class":61},[47,109715,16858],{"class":65},[47,109717,253],{"class":61},[47,109719,20575],{"class":57},[47,109721,12524],{"class":53},[47,109723,679],{"class":83},[47,109725,109726,109729,109731,109733,109735,109737,109739,109741],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,109727,109728],{"class":53},"    colors",[47,109730,84],{"class":83},[47,109732,34197],{"class":87},[47,109734,101],{"class":83},[47,109736,253],{"class":61},[47,109738,16858],{"class":65},[47,109740,253],{"class":61},[47,109742,107],{"class":83},[20,109744,109745,109746,109750],{},"Or use ",[154,109747,109748],{"href":107859},[15,109749,102256],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[724,109752,946,109754,8101,109756],{"id":109753},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,109755,102270],{},[15,109757,54480],{},[20,109759,109760],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,109762,109763,109764,109766],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,109765,102270],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,109768,109769,109770,84],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[154,109771,98480],{"href":98479},[724,109773,109775],{"id":109774},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,109777,107765],{},[20,109779,109780],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[33,109782,1155],{"id":1154},[724,109784,1159,109786,96696],{"id":109785},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,109787,102270],{},[20,109789,109790,109791,84],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,109792,3174],{},[724,109794,29692,109796,109798],{"id":109795},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,109797,102270],{}," raise?",[20,109800,29698,109801,109803],{},[15,109802,19089],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[724,109805,20822,109807,158,109809,1883],{"id":109806},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,109808,54934],{},[15,109810,102256],{},[20,109812,1486,109813,109815,109816,109818],{},[15,109814,54934],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,109817,102256],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[724,109820,4568,109822,109824],{"id":109821},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,109823,102270],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,109826,109827],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[33,109829,1275],{"id":1274},[133,109831,109832,109838,109844,109848,109852],{},[136,109833,109834],{},[154,109835,96217,109836,1289],{"href":107859},[15,109837,102256],{},[136,109839,109840],{},[154,109841,96217,109842,1289],{"href":97616},[15,109843,12162],{},[136,109845,109846],{},[154,109847,96741],{"href":97285},[136,109849,109850],{},[154,109851,99746],{"href":98479},[136,109853,109854],{},[154,109855,10663],{"href":10474},[1320,109857,109858],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":109860},[109861,109862,109864,109865,109866,109867,109872,109880,109890],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":108862,"depth":72,"text":109863},"What set.remove() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":267,"depth":72,"text":268},{"id":109113,"depth":72,"text":109114},{"id":109218,"depth":72,"text":109868,"children":109869},"How remove() is different from discard()",[109870,109871],{"id":34197,"depth":94,"text":54934},{"id":102323,"depth":94,"text":102256},{"id":3914,"depth":72,"text":3915,"children":109873},[109874,109876,109877,109879],{"id":109455,"depth":94,"text":109875},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":109616,"depth":94,"text":109617},{"id":109753,"depth":94,"text":109878},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":109774,"depth":94,"text":109775},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":109881},[109882,109884,109886,109888],{"id":109785,"depth":94,"text":109883},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":109795,"depth":94,"text":109885},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":109806,"depth":94,"text":109887},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":109821,"depth":94,"text":109889},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":108736,"description":109891},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":109898,"title":109899,"body":109900,"description":111273,"extension":1354,"meta":111274,"navigation":311,"path":111275,"seo":111276,"stem":111277,"__hash__":111278},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":109901,"toc":111248},[109902,109908,109914,109917,109920,109934,109936,110017,110020,110025,110029,110043,110050,110052,110071,110074,110092,110094,110174,110176,110201,110205,110208,110216,110221,110226,110228,110241,110246,110249,110273,110276,110284,110286,110289,110386,110388,110421,110423,110449,110456,110459,110463,110471,110475,110483,110485,110575,110577,110591,110598,110603,110608,110610,110701,110703,110715,110717,110731,110737,110745,110747,110829,110831,110876,110879,110887,110890,110892,110896,110939,110941,110961,110966,110968,111053,111055,111060,111062,111069,111077,111083,111086,111088,111174,111176,111200,111204,111207,111209,111236,111246],[10,109903,95603,109905,18],{"id":109904},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,109906,109907],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,109909,109910,109913],{},[15,109911,109912],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,109915,109916],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,109918,109919],{},"Use it when:",[133,109921,109922,109925,109931],{},[136,109923,109924],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[136,109926,109927,109928,109930],{},"you do ",[121,109929,123],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[136,109932,109933],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[33,109935,3002],{"id":3001},[38,109937,109939],{"className":40,"code":109938,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,109940,109941,109961,109981,109985,110004],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109942,109943,109945,109947,109949,109951,109953,109955,109957,109959],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109944,1208],{"class":53},[47,109946,58],{"class":57},[47,109948,9890],{"class":83},[47,109950,2377],{"class":586},[47,109952,590],{"class":83},[47,109954,2382],{"class":586},[47,109956,590],{"class":83},[47,109958,1841],{"class":586},[47,109960,8707],{"class":83},[47,109962,109963,109965,109967,109969,109971,109973,109975,109977,109979],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,109964,1221],{"class":53},[47,109966,58],{"class":57},[47,109968,9890],{"class":83},[47,109970,1455],{"class":586},[47,109972,590],{"class":83},[47,109974,1847],{"class":586},[47,109976,590],{"class":83},[47,109978,4002],{"class":586},[47,109980,8707],{"class":83},[47,109982,109983],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,109984,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,109986,109987,109989,109991,109993,109995,109998,110000,110002],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,109988,75],{"class":53},[47,109990,58],{"class":57},[47,109992,56293],{"class":53},[47,109994,84],{"class":83},[47,109996,109997],{"class":87},"symmetric_difference",[47,109999,101],{"class":83},[47,110001,4158],{"class":87},[47,110003,107],{"class":83},[47,110005,110006,110008,110010,110012,110014],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,110007,98],{"class":97},[47,110009,101],{"class":83},[47,110011,104],{"class":87},[47,110013,3057],{"class":83},[47,110015,110016],{"class":113},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110018,110019],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[33,110021,128,110023,131],{"id":110022},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110024,109907],{},[20,110026,110027,1032],{},[15,110028,109912],{},[133,110030,110031,110034,110037,110040],{},[136,110032,110033],{},"returns a new set",[136,110035,110036],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[136,110038,110039],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[136,110041,110042],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110044,95727,110045,158,110047,84],{},[154,110046,95731],{"href":95730},[154,110048,110049],{"href":95734},"creating a set in Python",[33,110051,166],{"id":165},[38,110053,110055],{"className":40,"code":110054,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110056,110057],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110058,110059,110061,110063,110065,110067,110069],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110060,99987],{"class":53},[47,110062,84],{"class":83},[47,110064,109997],{"class":87},[47,110066,101],{"class":83},[47,110068,99996],{"class":87},[47,110070,107],{"class":83},[20,110072,110073],{},"Notes:",[133,110075,110076,110081,110086,110089],{},[136,110077,110078,110080],{},[15,110079,99987],{}," must be a set",[136,110082,110083,110085],{},[15,110084,99996],{}," can be any iterable",[136,110087,110088],{},"the result is always a set",[136,110090,110091],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110093,538],{},[38,110095,110097],{"className":40,"code":110096,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110098,110099,110120,110141,110145,110164],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110100,110101,110104,110106,110108,110110,110112,110114,110116,110118],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110102,110103],{"class":53},"set1 ",[47,110105,58],{"class":57},[47,110107,9890],{"class":83},[47,110109,2377],{"class":586},[47,110111,590],{"class":83},[47,110113,2382],{"class":586},[47,110115,590],{"class":83},[47,110117,1841],{"class":586},[47,110119,8707],{"class":83},[47,110121,110122,110125,110127,110129,110131,110133,110135,110137,110139],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,110123,110124],{"class":53},"set2 ",[47,110126,58],{"class":57},[47,110128,9890],{"class":83},[47,110130,1455],{"class":586},[47,110132,590],{"class":83},[47,110134,1847],{"class":586},[47,110136,590],{"class":83},[47,110138,4002],{"class":586},[47,110140,8707],{"class":83},[47,110142,110143],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,110144,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,110146,110147,110149,110151,110154,110156,110158,110160,110162],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,110148,75],{"class":53},[47,110150,58],{"class":57},[47,110152,110153],{"class":53}," set1",[47,110155,84],{"class":83},[47,110157,109997],{"class":87},[47,110159,101],{"class":83},[47,110161,99996],{"class":87},[47,110163,107],{"class":83},[47,110165,110166,110168,110170,110172],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,110167,98],{"class":97},[47,110169,101],{"class":83},[47,110171,104],{"class":87},[47,110173,107],{"class":83},[20,110175,338],{},[38,110177,110179],{"className":40,"code":110178,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110180,110181],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110182,110183,110185,110187,110189,110191,110193,110195,110197,110199],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110184,8676],{"class":83},[47,110186,2377],{"class":586},[47,110188,590],{"class":83},[47,110190,2382],{"class":586},[47,110192,590],{"class":83},[47,110194,1847],{"class":586},[47,110196,590],{"class":83},[47,110198,4002],{"class":586},[47,110200,8707],{"class":83},[33,110202,110204],{"id":110203},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110206,110207],{},"The result includes:",[133,110209,110210,110213],{},[136,110211,110212],{},"items only in the first set",[136,110214,110215],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110217,110218,110219,10483],{},"The result does ",[121,110220,123],{},[133,110222,110223],{},[136,110224,110225],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110227,4872],{},[133,110229,110230,110235],{},[136,110231,110232,110233],{},"first set: ",[15,110234,99684],{},[136,110236,110237,110238],{},"second set: ",[15,110239,110240],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110242,3445,110243,110245],{},[15,110244,1455],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110247,110248],{},"The output is:",[38,110250,110251],{"className":40,"code":110178,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,110252,110253],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110254,110255,110257,110259,110261,110263,110265,110267,110269,110271],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110256,8676],{"class":83},[47,110258,2377],{"class":586},[47,110260,590],{"class":83},[47,110262,2382],{"class":586},[47,110264,590],{"class":83},[47,110266,1847],{"class":586},[47,110268,590],{"class":83},[47,110270,4002],{"class":586},[47,110272,8707],{"class":83},[20,110274,110275],{},"Also remember:",[133,110277,110278,110281],{},[136,110279,110280],{},"sets are unordered",[136,110282,110283],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[33,110285,268],{"id":267},[20,110287,110288],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[38,110290,110292],{"className":40,"code":110291,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110293,110294,110326,110350,110354,110372,110376],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110295,110296,110298,110300,110302,110304,110306,110308,110310,110312,110314,110316,110318,110320,110322,110324],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110297,106427],{"class":53},[47,110299,58],{"class":57},[47,110301,9890],{"class":83},[47,110303,253],{"class":61},[47,110305,12493],{"class":65},[47,110307,253],{"class":61},[47,110309,590],{"class":83},[47,110311,62],{"class":61},[47,110313,12510],{"class":65},[47,110315,253],{"class":61},[47,110317,590],{"class":83},[47,110319,62],{"class":61},[47,110321,16858],{"class":65},[47,110323,253],{"class":61},[47,110325,8707],{"class":83},[47,110327,110328,110330,110332,110334,110336,110338,110340,110342,110344,110346,110348],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,110329,106460],{"class":53},[47,110331,58],{"class":57},[47,110333,9890],{"class":83},[47,110335,253],{"class":61},[47,110337,16858],{"class":65},[47,110339,253],{"class":61},[47,110341,590],{"class":83},[47,110343,62],{"class":61},[47,110345,21926],{"class":65},[47,110347,253],{"class":61},[47,110349,8707],{"class":83},[47,110351,110352],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,110353,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,110355,110356,110358,110360,110362,110364,110366,110368,110370],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,110357,75],{"class":53},[47,110359,58],{"class":57},[47,110361,106502],{"class":53},[47,110363,84],{"class":83},[47,110365,109997],{"class":87},[47,110367,101],{"class":83},[47,110369,106511],{"class":87},[47,110371,107],{"class":83},[47,110373,110374],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,110375,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,110377,110378,110380,110382,110384],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,110379,98],{"class":97},[47,110381,101],{"class":83},[47,110383,104],{"class":87},[47,110385,107],{"class":83},[20,110387,338],{},[38,110389,110391],{"className":40,"code":110390,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,110392,110393],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110394,110395,110397,110399,110401,110403,110405,110407,110409,110411,110413,110415,110417,110419],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110396,8676],{"class":83},[47,110398,2693],{"class":61},[47,110400,12493],{"class":65},[47,110402,2693],{"class":61},[47,110404,590],{"class":83},[47,110406,2688],{"class":61},[47,110408,12510],{"class":65},[47,110410,2693],{"class":61},[47,110412,590],{"class":83},[47,110414,2688],{"class":61},[47,110416,21926],{"class":65},[47,110418,2693],{"class":61},[47,110420,8707],{"class":83},[20,110422,12810],{},[133,110424,110425,110430,110441],{},[136,110426,110427,110429],{},[15,110428,95896],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[136,110431,110432,1063,110434,110437,110438,110440],{},[15,110433,64798],{},[15,110435,110436],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,110439,106564],{},", so they stay",[136,110442,110443,110445,110446,110448],{},[15,110444,109203],{}," is only in ",[15,110447,106511],{},", so it stays",[33,110450,110452,9985,110454],{"id":110451},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,110453,109907],{},[15,110455,99816],{},[20,110457,110458],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,110460,110461,1032],{},[15,110462,99816],{},[133,110464,110465,110468],{},[136,110466,110467],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[136,110469,110470],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,110472,110473,1032],{},[15,110474,109907],{},[133,110476,110477,110480],{},[136,110478,110479],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[136,110481,110482],{},"removes shared items",[20,110484,538],{},[38,110486,110488],{"className":40,"code":110487,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110489,110490,110510,110530,110534,110555],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110491,110492,110494,110496,110498,110500,110502,110504,110506,110508],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110493,1208],{"class":53},[47,110495,58],{"class":57},[47,110497,9890],{"class":83},[47,110499,2377],{"class":586},[47,110501,590],{"class":83},[47,110503,2382],{"class":586},[47,110505,590],{"class":83},[47,110507,1841],{"class":586},[47,110509,8707],{"class":83},[47,110511,110512,110514,110516,110518,110520,110522,110524,110526,110528],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,110513,1221],{"class":53},[47,110515,58],{"class":57},[47,110517,9890],{"class":83},[47,110519,1455],{"class":586},[47,110521,590],{"class":83},[47,110523,1847],{"class":586},[47,110525,590],{"class":83},[47,110527,4002],{"class":586},[47,110529,8707],{"class":83},[47,110531,110532],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,110533,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,110535,110536,110538,110540,110542,110544,110546,110548,110550,110552],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,110537,98],{"class":97},[47,110539,101],{"class":83},[47,110541,154],{"class":87},[47,110543,84],{"class":83},[47,110545,2201],{"class":87},[47,110547,101],{"class":83},[47,110549,4158],{"class":87},[47,110551,4761],{"class":83},[47,110553,110554],{"class":113},"            # {1, 2}\n",[47,110556,110557,110559,110561,110563,110565,110567,110569,110571,110573],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,110558,98],{"class":97},[47,110560,101],{"class":83},[47,110562,154],{"class":87},[47,110564,84],{"class":83},[47,110566,109997],{"class":87},[47,110568,101],{"class":83},[47,110570,4158],{"class":87},[47,110572,4761],{"class":83},[47,110574,110016],{"class":113},[20,110576,18097],{},[133,110578,110579,110586],{},[136,110580,110581,110585],{},[154,110582,110583],{"href":102242},[15,110584,99816],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[136,110587,110588,110590],{},[15,110589,109907],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[33,110592,110594,9985,110596],{"id":110593},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,110595,109907],{},[15,110597,102201],{},[20,110599,110600,110602],{},[15,110601,102201],{}," combines both sets.",[20,110604,110605,110607],{},[15,110606,109907],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,110609,538],{},[38,110611,110613],{"className":40,"code":110612,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110614,110615,110635,110655,110659,110681],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110616,110617,110619,110621,110623,110625,110627,110629,110631,110633],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110618,1208],{"class":53},[47,110620,58],{"class":57},[47,110622,9890],{"class":83},[47,110624,2377],{"class":586},[47,110626,590],{"class":83},[47,110628,2382],{"class":586},[47,110630,590],{"class":83},[47,110632,1841],{"class":586},[47,110634,8707],{"class":83},[47,110636,110637,110639,110641,110643,110645,110647,110649,110651,110653],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,110638,1221],{"class":53},[47,110640,58],{"class":57},[47,110642,9890],{"class":83},[47,110644,1455],{"class":586},[47,110646,590],{"class":83},[47,110648,1847],{"class":586},[47,110650,590],{"class":83},[47,110652,4002],{"class":586},[47,110654,8707],{"class":83},[47,110656,110657],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,110658,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,110660,110661,110663,110665,110667,110669,110672,110674,110676,110678],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,110662,98],{"class":97},[47,110664,101],{"class":83},[47,110666,154],{"class":87},[47,110668,84],{"class":83},[47,110670,110671],{"class":87},"union",[47,110673,101],{"class":83},[47,110675,4158],{"class":87},[47,110677,4761],{"class":83},[47,110679,110680],{"class":113},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[47,110682,110683,110685,110687,110689,110691,110693,110695,110697,110699],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,110684,98],{"class":97},[47,110686,101],{"class":83},[47,110688,154],{"class":87},[47,110690,84],{"class":83},[47,110692,109997],{"class":87},[47,110694,101],{"class":83},[47,110696,4158],{"class":87},[47,110698,4761],{"class":83},[47,110700,110016],{"class":113},[20,110702,26625],{},[133,110704,110705,110710],{},[136,110706,110707,110709],{},[15,110708,102201],{}," includes everything",[136,110711,110712,110714],{},[15,110713,109907],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,110716,18097],{},[133,110718,110719,110726],{},[136,110720,110721,110725],{},[154,110722,110723],{"href":107132},[15,110724,102201],{}," when overlap does not matter",[136,110727,110728,110730],{},[15,110729,109907],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[33,110732,36017,110734,101000],{"id":110733},"using-the-operator",[15,110735,110736],{},"^",[20,110738,110739,110740,110742,110743,84],{},"For sets, the ",[15,110741,110736],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,110744,109907],{},[20,110746,538],{},[38,110748,110750],{"className":40,"code":110749,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,110751,110752,110772,110792,110796,110814],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110753,110754,110756,110758,110760,110762,110764,110766,110768,110770],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110755,110103],{"class":53},[47,110757,58],{"class":57},[47,110759,9890],{"class":83},[47,110761,2377],{"class":586},[47,110763,590],{"class":83},[47,110765,2382],{"class":586},[47,110767,590],{"class":83},[47,110769,1841],{"class":586},[47,110771,8707],{"class":83},[47,110773,110774,110776,110778,110780,110782,110784,110786,110788,110790],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,110775,110124],{"class":53},[47,110777,58],{"class":57},[47,110779,9890],{"class":83},[47,110781,1455],{"class":586},[47,110783,590],{"class":83},[47,110785,1847],{"class":586},[47,110787,590],{"class":83},[47,110789,4002],{"class":586},[47,110791,8707],{"class":83},[47,110793,110794],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,110795,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,110797,110798,110800,110802,110804,110806,110808,110810,110812],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,110799,98],{"class":97},[47,110801,101],{"class":83},[47,110803,99987],{"class":87},[47,110805,84],{"class":83},[47,110807,109997],{"class":87},[47,110809,101],{"class":83},[47,110811,99996],{"class":87},[47,110813,1419],{"class":83},[47,110815,110816,110818,110820,110822,110824,110827],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,110817,98],{"class":97},[47,110819,101],{"class":83},[47,110821,110103],{"class":87},[47,110823,110736],{"class":57},[47,110825,110826],{"class":87}," set2",[47,110828,107],{"class":83},[20,110830,29434],{},[38,110832,110834],{"className":40,"code":110833,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110835,110836,110856],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110837,110838,110840,110842,110844,110846,110848,110850,110852,110854],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110839,8676],{"class":83},[47,110841,2377],{"class":586},[47,110843,590],{"class":83},[47,110845,2382],{"class":586},[47,110847,590],{"class":83},[47,110849,1847],{"class":586},[47,110851,590],{"class":83},[47,110853,4002],{"class":586},[47,110855,8707],{"class":83},[47,110857,110858,110860,110862,110864,110866,110868,110870,110872,110874],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,110859,8676],{"class":83},[47,110861,2377],{"class":586},[47,110863,590],{"class":83},[47,110865,2382],{"class":586},[47,110867,590],{"class":83},[47,110869,1847],{"class":586},[47,110871,590],{"class":83},[47,110873,4002],{"class":586},[47,110875,8707],{"class":83},[20,110877,110878],{},"Both forms:",[133,110880,110881,110884],{},[136,110882,110883],{},"return a new set",[136,110885,110886],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,110888,110889],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[33,110891,3915],{"id":3914},[20,110893,20613,110894,1032],{},[15,110895,109907],{},[133,110897,110898,110906,110916,110931],{},[136,110899,110900,110903,110905],{},[121,110901,110902],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9245,110904],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[136,110907,110908,110911,110913,110915],{},[121,110909,110910],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9245,110912],{},[15,110914,109907],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[136,110917,110918,110923,110925,110927,110928,110930],{},[121,110919,110920,110921],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,110922,99816],{},[9245,110924],{},[15,110926,99816],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,110929,109907],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[136,110932,110933,110936,110938],{},[121,110934,110935],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9245,110937],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,110940,58268],{},[133,110942,110943,110952,110955,110958],{},[136,110944,49896,110945,44033,110947,110951],{},[15,110946,109907],{},[154,110948,110949],{"href":107132},[15,110950,102201],{}," is actually needed",[136,110953,110954],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[136,110956,110957],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[136,110959,110960],{},"being confused by output order",[20,110962,110963,110964,84],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[154,110965,98480],{"href":104745},[20,110967,61700],{},[38,110969,110971],{"className":40,"code":110970,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,110972,110973,110983,110993,111011,111025,111039],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110974,110975,110977,110979,110981],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110976,98],{"class":97},[47,110978,101],{"class":83},[47,110980,99987],{"class":87},[47,110982,107],{"class":83},[47,110984,110985,110987,110989,110991],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,110986,98],{"class":97},[47,110988,101],{"class":83},[47,110990,99996],{"class":87},[47,110992,107],{"class":83},[47,110994,110995,110997,110999,111001,111003,111005,111007,111009],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,110996,98],{"class":97},[47,110998,101],{"class":83},[47,111000,99987],{"class":87},[47,111002,84],{"class":83},[47,111004,109997],{"class":87},[47,111006,101],{"class":83},[47,111008,99996],{"class":87},[47,111010,1419],{"class":83},[47,111012,111013,111015,111017,111019,111021,111023],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,111014,98],{"class":97},[47,111016,101],{"class":83},[47,111018,110103],{"class":87},[47,111020,110736],{"class":57},[47,111022,110826],{"class":87},[47,111024,107],{"class":83},[47,111026,111027,111029,111031,111033,111035,111037],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,111028,98],{"class":97},[47,111030,101],{"class":83},[47,111032,2613],{"class":919},[47,111034,101],{"class":83},[47,111036,99987],{"class":87},[47,111038,1419],{"class":83},[47,111040,111041,111043,111045,111047,111049,111051],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,111042,98],{"class":97},[47,111044,101],{"class":83},[47,111046,2613],{"class":919},[47,111048,101],{"class":83},[47,111050,99996],{"class":87},[47,111052,1419],{"class":83},[33,111054,1155],{"id":1154},[724,111056,1159,111058,102141],{"id":111057},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111059,109907],{},[20,111061,102144],{},[724,111063,4578,111065,1063,111067,1883],{"id":111064},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111066,109907],{},[15,111068,99816],{},[20,111070,111071,111073,111074,111076],{},[15,111072,99816],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111075,109907],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[724,111078,1190,111080,111082],{"id":111079},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111081,109907],{}," with lists?",[20,111084,111085],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111087,538],{},[38,111089,111091],{"className":40,"code":111090,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111092,111093,111113,111133,111137,111164],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111094,111095,111097,111099,111101,111103,111105,111107,111109,111111],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111096,80063],{"class":53},[47,111098,58],{"class":57},[47,111100,3017],{"class":83},[47,111102,2377],{"class":586},[47,111104,590],{"class":83},[47,111106,2382],{"class":586},[47,111108,590],{"class":83},[47,111110,1841],{"class":586},[47,111112,3030],{"class":83},[47,111114,111115,111117,111119,111121,111123,111125,111127,111129,111131],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,111116,80084],{"class":53},[47,111118,58],{"class":57},[47,111120,3017],{"class":83},[47,111122,1455],{"class":586},[47,111124,590],{"class":83},[47,111126,1847],{"class":586},[47,111128,590],{"class":83},[47,111130,4002],{"class":586},[47,111132,3030],{"class":83},[47,111134,111135],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,111136,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,111138,111139,111141,111143,111145,111147,111150,111152,111154,111156,111158,111160,111162],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,111140,75],{"class":53},[47,111142,58],{"class":57},[47,111144,15036],{"class":919},[47,111146,101],{"class":83},[47,111148,111149],{"class":87},"list1",[47,111151,927],{"class":83},[47,111153,109997],{"class":87},[47,111155,101],{"class":83},[47,111157,5687],{"class":919},[47,111159,101],{"class":83},[47,111161,80350],{"class":87},[47,111163,1419],{"class":83},[47,111165,111166,111168,111170,111172],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,111167,98],{"class":97},[47,111169,101],{"class":83},[47,111171,104],{"class":87},[47,111173,107],{"class":83},[20,111175,338],{},[38,111177,111178],{"className":40,"code":110178,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,111179,111180],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111181,111182,111184,111186,111188,111190,111192,111194,111196,111198],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111183,8676],{"class":83},[47,111185,2377],{"class":586},[47,111187,590],{"class":83},[47,111189,2382],{"class":586},[47,111191,590],{"class":83},[47,111193,1847],{"class":586},[47,111195,590],{"class":83},[47,111197,4002],{"class":586},[47,111199,8707],{"class":83},[724,111201,111203],{"id":111202},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111205,111206],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[33,111208,1275],{"id":1274},[133,111210,111211,111215,111220,111226,111232],{},[136,111212,111213],{},[154,111214,95731],{"href":95730},[136,111216,111217],{},[154,111218,111219],{"href":95734},"Creating a set in Python",[136,111221,111222],{},[154,111223,96217,111224,1289],{"href":102242},[15,111225,99816],{},[136,111227,111228],{},[154,111229,96217,111230,1289],{"href":107132},[15,111231,102201],{},[136,111233,111234],{},[154,111235,99746],{"href":104745},[20,111237,111238,111239,712,111241,16474,111243,111245],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111240,99816],{},[15,111242,102201],{},[15,111244,109907],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1320,111247,56647],{},{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":111249},[111250,111251,111253,111254,111255,111256,111258,111260,111262,111263,111272],{"id":3001,"depth":72,"text":3002},{"id":110022,"depth":72,"text":111252},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":110203,"depth":72,"text":110204},{"id":267,"depth":72,"text":268},{"id":110451,"depth":72,"text":111257},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":110593,"depth":72,"text":111259},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":110733,"depth":72,"text":111261},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":3914,"depth":72,"text":3915},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":111264},[111265,111267,111269,111271],{"id":111057,"depth":94,"text":111266},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111064,"depth":94,"text":111268},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111079,"depth":94,"text":111270},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111202,"depth":94,"text":111203},{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":109899,"description":111273},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111280,"title":111281,"body":111282,"description":113344,"extension":1354,"meta":113345,"navigation":311,"path":107132,"seo":113346,"stem":113347,"__hash__":113348},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111283,"toc":113303},[111284,111289,111294,111297,111310,111312,111394,111399,111404,111408,111420,111423,111427,111429,111456,111458,111469,111472,111541,111543,111549,111552,111562,111564,111653,111658,111660,111667,111670,111672,111675,111795,111797,111866,111868,111885,111890,111893,112009,112011,112040,112043,112049,112054,112058,112139,112141,112169,112174,112178,112273,112275,112316,112320,112323,112390,112392,112433,112439,112454,112461,112468,112472,112478,112564,112568,112576,112647,112652,112659,112661,112667,112669,112734,112736,112752,112757,112760,112829,112833,112836,112895,112898,112902,112955,112968,112971,113024,113028,113030,113061,113064,113069,113122,113126,113129,113150,113162,113164,113217,113219,113224,113226,113232,113235,113241,113246,113250,113253,113261,113270,113272,113300],[10,111285,2968,111287,18],{"id":111286},"python-setunion-method",[15,111288,107445],{},[20,111290,111291,111293],{},[15,111292,107445],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111295,111296],{},"It is useful when you want:",[133,111298,111299,111302,111307],{},[136,111300,111301],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[136,111303,1208,111304,111306],{},[121,111305,100171],{}," as the result",[136,111308,111309],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[33,111311,36],{"id":35},[38,111313,111315],{"className":40,"code":111314,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111316,111317,111337,111357,111361,111379,111389],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111318,111319,111321,111323,111325,111327,111329,111331,111333,111335],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111320,110103],{"class":53},[47,111322,58],{"class":57},[47,111324,9890],{"class":83},[47,111326,2377],{"class":586},[47,111328,590],{"class":83},[47,111330,2382],{"class":586},[47,111332,590],{"class":83},[47,111334,1841],{"class":586},[47,111336,8707],{"class":83},[47,111338,111339,111341,111343,111345,111347,111349,111351,111353,111355],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,111340,110124],{"class":53},[47,111342,58],{"class":57},[47,111344,9890],{"class":83},[47,111346,1455],{"class":586},[47,111348,590],{"class":83},[47,111350,1847],{"class":586},[47,111352,590],{"class":83},[47,111354,4002],{"class":586},[47,111356,8707],{"class":83},[47,111358,111359],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,111360,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,111362,111363,111365,111367,111369,111371,111373,111375,111377],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,111364,75],{"class":53},[47,111366,58],{"class":57},[47,111368,110153],{"class":53},[47,111370,84],{"class":83},[47,111372,110671],{"class":87},[47,111374,101],{"class":83},[47,111376,99996],{"class":87},[47,111378,107],{"class":83},[47,111380,111381,111383,111385,111387],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,111382,98],{"class":97},[47,111384,101],{"class":83},[47,111386,104],{"class":87},[47,111388,107],{"class":83},[47,111390,111391],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,111392,111393],{"class":113},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,111395,111396,111398],{},[15,111397,102201],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[33,111400,128,111402,131],{"id":111401},"what-setunion-does",[15,111403,107445],{},[20,111405,111406,1032],{},[15,111407,107445],{},[133,111409,111410,111413,111416,111418],{},[136,111411,111412],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[136,111414,111415],{},"keeps only unique values",[136,111417,110033],{},[136,111419,110042],{},[20,111421,111422],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,111424,95727,111425,84],{},[154,111426,95731],{"href":96902},[33,111428,166],{"id":165},[38,111430,111432],{"className":40,"code":111431,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,111433,111434],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111435,111436,111438,111440,111442,111444,111446,111448,111450,111452,111454],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111437,99987],{"class":53},[47,111439,84],{"class":83},[47,111441,110671],{"class":87},[47,111443,101],{"class":83},[47,111445,99996],{"class":87},[47,111447,590],{"class":83},[47,111449,100023],{"class":87},[47,111451,590],{"class":83},[47,111453,33859],{"class":97},[47,111455,107],{"class":83},[20,111457,12452],{},[133,111459,111460,111463,111466],{},[136,111461,111462],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[136,111464,111465],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[136,111467,111468],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,111470,111471],{},"Example with two sets:",[38,111473,111475],{"className":40,"code":111474,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111476,111477,111493,111509,111513,111531],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111478,111479,111481,111483,111485,111487,111489,111491],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111480,1208],{"class":53},[47,111482,58],{"class":57},[47,111484,9890],{"class":83},[47,111486,2377],{"class":586},[47,111488,590],{"class":83},[47,111490,2382],{"class":586},[47,111492,8707],{"class":83},[47,111494,111495,111497,111499,111501,111503,111505,111507],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,111496,1221],{"class":53},[47,111498,58],{"class":57},[47,111500,9890],{"class":83},[47,111502,1449],{"class":586},[47,111504,590],{"class":83},[47,111506,1841],{"class":586},[47,111508,8707],{"class":83},[47,111510,111511],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,111512,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,111514,111515,111517,111519,111521,111523,111525,111527,111529],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,111516,75],{"class":53},[47,111518,58],{"class":57},[47,111520,56293],{"class":53},[47,111522,84],{"class":83},[47,111524,110671],{"class":87},[47,111526,101],{"class":83},[47,111528,4158],{"class":87},[47,111530,107],{"class":83},[47,111532,111533,111535,111537,111539],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,111534,98],{"class":97},[47,111536,101],{"class":83},[47,111538,104],{"class":87},[47,111540,107],{"class":83},[33,111542,21372],{"id":21371},[20,111544,111545,100168,111547,84],{},[15,111546,107445],{},[121,111548,100171],{},[20,111550,111551],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[133,111553,111554,111557],{},[136,111555,111556],{},"the original set",[136,111558,111559,111560],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,111561,102201],{},[20,111563,538],{},[38,111565,111567],{"className":40,"code":111566,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,111568,111569,111585,111601,111605,111623,111627,111640],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111570,111571,111573,111575,111577,111579,111581,111583],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111572,1208],{"class":53},[47,111574,58],{"class":57},[47,111576,9890],{"class":83},[47,111578,2377],{"class":586},[47,111580,590],{"class":83},[47,111582,2382],{"class":586},[47,111584,8707],{"class":83},[47,111586,111587,111589,111591,111593,111595,111597,111599],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,111588,1221],{"class":53},[47,111590,58],{"class":57},[47,111592,9890],{"class":83},[47,111594,1449],{"class":586},[47,111596,590],{"class":83},[47,111598,1841],{"class":586},[47,111600,8707],{"class":83},[47,111602,111603],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,111604,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,111606,111607,111609,111611,111613,111615,111617,111619,111621],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,111608,75],{"class":53},[47,111610,58],{"class":57},[47,111612,56293],{"class":53},[47,111614,84],{"class":83},[47,111616,110671],{"class":87},[47,111618,101],{"class":83},[47,111620,4158],{"class":87},[47,111622,107],{"class":83},[47,111624,111625],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,111626,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,111628,111629,111631,111633,111635,111637],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,111630,98],{"class":97},[47,111632,101],{"class":83},[47,111634,104],{"class":87},[47,111636,3057],{"class":83},[47,111638,111639],{"class":113},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[47,111641,111642,111644,111646,111648,111650],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,111643,98],{"class":97},[47,111645,101],{"class":83},[47,111647,154],{"class":87},[47,111649,3057],{"class":83},[47,111651,111652],{"class":113},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,111654,1674,111655,111657],{},[15,111656,154],{}," did not change.",[20,111659,110275],{},[133,111661,111662,111664],{},[136,111663,110280],{},[136,111665,111666],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,111668,111669],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[33,111671,268],{"id":267},[20,111673,111674],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[38,111676,111678],{"className":40,"code":111677,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,111679,111680,111713,111746,111750,111770,111774,111784],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111681,111682,111685,111687,111689,111691,111693,111695,111697,111699,111701,111703,111705,111707,111709,111711],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111683,111684],{"class":53},"fruits1 ",[47,111686,58],{"class":57},[47,111688,9890],{"class":83},[47,111690,253],{"class":61},[47,111692,3475],{"class":65},[47,111694,253],{"class":61},[47,111696,590],{"class":83},[47,111698,62],{"class":61},[47,111700,288],{"class":65},[47,111702,253],{"class":61},[47,111704,590],{"class":83},[47,111706,62],{"class":61},[47,111708,32627],{"class":65},[47,111710,253],{"class":61},[47,111712,8707],{"class":83},[47,111714,111715,111718,111720,111722,111724,111726,111728,111730,111732,111734,111736,111738,111740,111742,111744],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,111716,111717],{"class":53},"fruits2 ",[47,111719,58],{"class":57},[47,111721,9890],{"class":83},[47,111723,253],{"class":61},[47,111725,288],{"class":65},[47,111727,253],{"class":61},[47,111729,590],{"class":83},[47,111731,62],{"class":61},[47,111733,21935],{"class":65},[47,111735,253],{"class":61},[47,111737,590],{"class":83},[47,111739,62],{"class":61},[47,111741,32627],{"class":65},[47,111743,253],{"class":61},[47,111745,8707],{"class":83},[47,111747,111748],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,111749,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,111751,111752,111754,111756,111759,111761,111763,111765,111768],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,111753,75],{"class":53},[47,111755,58],{"class":57},[47,111757,111758],{"class":53}," fruits1",[47,111760,84],{"class":83},[47,111762,110671],{"class":87},[47,111764,101],{"class":83},[47,111766,111767],{"class":87},"fruits2",[47,111769,107],{"class":83},[47,111771,111772],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,111773,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,111775,111776,111778,111780,111782],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,111777,98],{"class":97},[47,111779,101],{"class":83},[47,111781,104],{"class":87},[47,111783,107],{"class":83},[47,111785,111786,111788,111790,111793],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,111787,98],{"class":97},[47,111789,101],{"class":83},[47,111791,111792],{"class":87},"fruits1",[47,111794,107],{"class":83},[20,111796,29434],{},[38,111798,111800],{"className":40,"code":111799,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,111801,111802,111838],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111803,111804,111806,111808,111810,111812,111814,111816,111818,111820,111822,111824,111826,111828,111830,111832,111834,111836],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111805,8676],{"class":83},[47,111807,2693],{"class":61},[47,111809,288],{"class":65},[47,111811,2693],{"class":61},[47,111813,590],{"class":83},[47,111815,2688],{"class":61},[47,111817,32627],{"class":65},[47,111819,2693],{"class":61},[47,111821,590],{"class":83},[47,111823,2688],{"class":61},[47,111825,3475],{"class":65},[47,111827,2693],{"class":61},[47,111829,590],{"class":83},[47,111831,2688],{"class":61},[47,111833,21935],{"class":65},[47,111835,2693],{"class":61},[47,111837,8707],{"class":83},[47,111839,111840,111842,111844,111846,111848,111850,111852,111854,111856,111858,111860,111862,111864],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,111841,8676],{"class":83},[47,111843,2693],{"class":61},[47,111845,288],{"class":65},[47,111847,2693],{"class":61},[47,111849,590],{"class":83},[47,111851,2688],{"class":61},[47,111853,32627],{"class":65},[47,111855,2693],{"class":61},[47,111857,590],{"class":83},[47,111859,2688],{"class":61},[47,111861,3475],{"class":65},[47,111863,2693],{"class":61},[47,111865,8707],{"class":83},[20,111867,357],{},[133,111869,111870,111877,111880],{},[136,111871,111872,1063,111874,111876],{},[15,111873,64680],{},[15,111875,65107],{}," appear in both sets",[136,111878,111879],{},"they appear only once in the result",[136,111881,111882,111884],{},[15,111883,111792],{}," stays unchanged",[33,111886,7816,111888,100560],{"id":111887},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,111889,102201],{},[20,111891,111892],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[38,111894,111896],{"className":40,"code":111895,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,111897,111898,111914,111930,111947,111964,111968,111995,111999],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111899,111900,111902,111904,111906,111908,111910,111912],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111901,110103],{"class":53},[47,111903,58],{"class":57},[47,111905,9890],{"class":83},[47,111907,2377],{"class":586},[47,111909,590],{"class":83},[47,111911,2382],{"class":586},[47,111913,8707],{"class":83},[47,111915,111916,111918,111920,111922,111924,111926,111928],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,111917,110124],{"class":53},[47,111919,58],{"class":57},[47,111921,9890],{"class":83},[47,111923,1449],{"class":586},[47,111925,590],{"class":83},[47,111927,1841],{"class":586},[47,111929,8707],{"class":83},[47,111931,111932,111935,111937,111939,111941,111943,111945],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,111933,111934],{"class":53},"set3 ",[47,111936,58],{"class":57},[47,111938,9890],{"class":83},[47,111940,1455],{"class":586},[47,111942,590],{"class":83},[47,111944,1847],{"class":586},[47,111946,8707],{"class":83},[47,111948,111949,111952,111954,111956,111958,111960,111962],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,111950,111951],{"class":53},"set4 ",[47,111953,58],{"class":57},[47,111955,9890],{"class":83},[47,111957,1896],{"class":586},[47,111959,590],{"class":83},[47,111961,4002],{"class":586},[47,111963,8707],{"class":83},[47,111965,111966],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,111967,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,111969,111970,111972,111974,111976,111978,111980,111982,111984,111986,111988,111990,111993],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,111971,75],{"class":53},[47,111973,58],{"class":57},[47,111975,110153],{"class":53},[47,111977,84],{"class":83},[47,111979,110671],{"class":87},[47,111981,101],{"class":83},[47,111983,99996],{"class":87},[47,111985,590],{"class":83},[47,111987,100023],{"class":87},[47,111989,590],{"class":83},[47,111991,111992],{"class":87}," set4",[47,111994,107],{"class":83},[47,111996,111997],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,111998,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,112000,112001,112003,112005,112007],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,112002,98],{"class":97},[47,112004,101],{"class":83},[47,112006,104],{"class":87},[47,112008,107],{"class":83},[20,112010,29434],{},[38,112012,112014],{"className":40,"code":112013,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112015,112016],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112017,112018,112020,112022,112024,112026,112028,112030,112032,112034,112036,112038],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112019,8676],{"class":83},[47,112021,2377],{"class":586},[47,112023,590],{"class":83},[47,112025,2382],{"class":586},[47,112027,590],{"class":83},[47,112029,1841],{"class":586},[47,112031,590],{"class":83},[47,112033,1847],{"class":586},[47,112035,590],{"class":83},[47,112037,4002],{"class":586},[47,112039,8707],{"class":83},[20,112041,112042],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[33,112044,7816,112046,112048],{"id":112045},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112047,102201],{}," with other iterables",[20,112050,112051,112053],{},[15,112052,102201],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[724,112055,112057],{"id":112056},"with-a-list","With a list",[38,112059,112061],{"className":40,"code":112060,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112062,112063,112083,112107,112111,112129],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112064,112065,112067,112069,112071,112073,112075,112077,112079,112081],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112066,3012],{"class":53},[47,112068,58],{"class":57},[47,112070,9890],{"class":83},[47,112072,2377],{"class":586},[47,112074,590],{"class":83},[47,112076,2382],{"class":586},[47,112078,590],{"class":83},[47,112080,1841],{"class":586},[47,112082,8707],{"class":83},[47,112084,112085,112087,112089,112091,112093,112095,112097,112099,112101,112103,112105],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,112086,60453],{"class":53},[47,112088,58],{"class":57},[47,112090,3017],{"class":83},[47,112092,1455],{"class":586},[47,112094,590],{"class":83},[47,112096,1847],{"class":586},[47,112098,590],{"class":83},[47,112100,4002],{"class":586},[47,112102,590],{"class":83},[47,112104,4002],{"class":586},[47,112106,3030],{"class":83},[47,112108,112109],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,112110,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,112112,112113,112115,112117,112119,112121,112123,112125,112127],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,112114,75],{"class":53},[47,112116,58],{"class":57},[47,112118,3659],{"class":53},[47,112120,84],{"class":83},[47,112122,110671],{"class":87},[47,112124,101],{"class":83},[47,112126,60482],{"class":87},[47,112128,107],{"class":83},[47,112130,112131,112133,112135,112137],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,112132,98],{"class":97},[47,112134,101],{"class":83},[47,112136,104],{"class":87},[47,112138,107],{"class":83},[20,112140,29434],{},[38,112142,112143],{"className":40,"code":112013,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,112144,112145],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112146,112147,112149,112151,112153,112155,112157,112159,112161,112163,112165,112167],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112148,8676],{"class":83},[47,112150,2377],{"class":586},[47,112152,590],{"class":83},[47,112154,2382],{"class":586},[47,112156,590],{"class":83},[47,112158,1841],{"class":586},[47,112160,590],{"class":83},[47,112162,1847],{"class":586},[47,112164,590],{"class":83},[47,112166,4002],{"class":586},[47,112168,8707],{"class":83},[20,112170,443,112171,112173],{},[15,112172,1531],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[724,112175,112177],{"id":112176},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[38,112179,112181],{"className":40,"code":112180,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112182,112183,112207,112240,112244,112263],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112184,112185,112187,112189,112191,112193,112195,112197,112199,112201,112203,112205],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112186,35494],{"class":53},[47,112188,58],{"class":57},[47,112190,9890],{"class":83},[47,112192,253],{"class":61},[47,112194,154],{"class":65},[47,112196,253],{"class":61},[47,112198,590],{"class":83},[47,112200,62],{"class":61},[47,112202,4158],{"class":65},[47,112204,253],{"class":61},[47,112206,8707],{"class":83},[47,112208,112209,112212,112214,112216,112218,112220,112222,112224,112226,112228,112230,112232,112234,112236,112238],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,112210,112211],{"class":53},"more_letters ",[47,112213,58],{"class":57},[47,112215,8634],{"class":83},[47,112217,253],{"class":61},[47,112219,4158],{"class":65},[47,112221,253],{"class":61},[47,112223,590],{"class":83},[47,112225,62],{"class":61},[47,112227,9138],{"class":65},[47,112229,253],{"class":61},[47,112231,590],{"class":83},[47,112233,62],{"class":61},[47,112235,18170],{"class":65},[47,112237,253],{"class":61},[47,112239,107],{"class":83},[47,112241,112242],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,112243,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,112245,112246,112248,112250,112252,112254,112256,112258,112261],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,112247,75],{"class":53},[47,112249,58],{"class":57},[47,112251,69502],{"class":53},[47,112253,84],{"class":83},[47,112255,110671],{"class":87},[47,112257,101],{"class":83},[47,112259,112260],{"class":87},"more_letters",[47,112262,107],{"class":83},[47,112264,112265,112267,112269,112271],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,112266,98],{"class":97},[47,112268,101],{"class":83},[47,112270,104],{"class":87},[47,112272,107],{"class":83},[20,112274,29434],{},[38,112276,112278],{"className":40,"code":112277,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112279,112280],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112281,112282,112284,112286,112288,112290,112292,112294,112296,112298,112300,112302,112304,112306,112308,112310,112312,112314],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112283,8676],{"class":83},[47,112285,2693],{"class":61},[47,112287,154],{"class":65},[47,112289,2693],{"class":61},[47,112291,590],{"class":83},[47,112293,2688],{"class":61},[47,112295,4158],{"class":65},[47,112297,2693],{"class":61},[47,112299,590],{"class":83},[47,112301,2688],{"class":61},[47,112303,9138],{"class":65},[47,112305,2693],{"class":61},[47,112307,590],{"class":83},[47,112309,2688],{"class":61},[47,112311,18170],{"class":65},[47,112313,2693],{"class":61},[47,112315,8707],{"class":83},[724,112317,112319],{"id":112318},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112321,112322],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[38,112324,112326],{"className":40,"code":112325,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112327,112328,112353,112376,112380],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112329,112330,112333,112335,112337,112339,112341,112343,112345,112347,112349,112351],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112331,112332],{"class":53},"chars ",[47,112334,58],{"class":57},[47,112336,9890],{"class":83},[47,112338,253],{"class":61},[47,112340,154],{"class":65},[47,112342,253],{"class":61},[47,112344,590],{"class":83},[47,112346,62],{"class":61},[47,112348,4158],{"class":65},[47,112350,253],{"class":61},[47,112352,8707],{"class":83},[47,112354,112355,112357,112359,112362,112364,112366,112368,112370,112372,112374],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,112356,75],{"class":53},[47,112358,58],{"class":57},[47,112360,112361],{"class":53}," chars",[47,112363,84],{"class":83},[47,112365,110671],{"class":87},[47,112367,101],{"class":83},[47,112369,253],{"class":61},[47,112371,36452],{"class":65},[47,112373,253],{"class":61},[47,112375,107],{"class":83},[47,112377,112378],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,112379,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,112381,112382,112384,112386,112388],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,112383,98],{"class":97},[47,112385,101],{"class":83},[47,112387,104],{"class":87},[47,112389,107],{"class":83},[20,112391,29434],{},[38,112393,112395],{"className":40,"code":112394,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112396,112397],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112398,112399,112401,112403,112405,112407,112409,112411,112413,112415,112417,112419,112421,112423,112425,112427,112429,112431],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112400,8676],{"class":83},[47,112402,2693],{"class":61},[47,112404,154],{"class":65},[47,112406,2693],{"class":61},[47,112408,590],{"class":83},[47,112410,2688],{"class":61},[47,112412,4158],{"class":65},[47,112414,2693],{"class":61},[47,112416,590],{"class":83},[47,112418,2688],{"class":61},[47,112420,9138],{"class":65},[47,112422,2693],{"class":61},[47,112424,590],{"class":83},[47,112426,2688],{"class":61},[47,112428,62692],{"class":65},[47,112430,2693],{"class":61},[47,112432,8707],{"class":83},[20,112434,21591,112435,112438],{},[15,112436,112437],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[133,112440,112441,112445,112449],{},[136,112442,112443],{},[15,112444,65887],{},[136,112446,112447],{},[15,112448,17498],{},[136,112450,112451],{},[15,112452,112453],{},"\"t\"",[33,112455,112457,9985,112459],{"id":112456},"union-vs-update",[15,112458,102201],{},[15,112460,14356],{},[20,112462,112463,1063,112465,112467],{},[15,112464,102201],{},[15,112466,14356],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[724,112469,112470],{"id":110671},[15,112471,102201],{},[133,112473,112474,112476],{},[136,112475,110033],{},[136,112477,110042],{},[38,112479,112480],{"className":40,"code":111566,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,112481,112482,112498,112514,112518,112536,112540,112552],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112483,112484,112486,112488,112490,112492,112494,112496],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112485,1208],{"class":53},[47,112487,58],{"class":57},[47,112489,9890],{"class":83},[47,112491,2377],{"class":586},[47,112493,590],{"class":83},[47,112495,2382],{"class":586},[47,112497,8707],{"class":83},[47,112499,112500,112502,112504,112506,112508,112510,112512],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,112501,1221],{"class":53},[47,112503,58],{"class":57},[47,112505,9890],{"class":83},[47,112507,1449],{"class":586},[47,112509,590],{"class":83},[47,112511,1841],{"class":586},[47,112513,8707],{"class":83},[47,112515,112516],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,112517,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,112519,112520,112522,112524,112526,112528,112530,112532,112534],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,112521,75],{"class":53},[47,112523,58],{"class":57},[47,112525,56293],{"class":53},[47,112527,84],{"class":83},[47,112529,110671],{"class":87},[47,112531,101],{"class":83},[47,112533,4158],{"class":87},[47,112535,107],{"class":83},[47,112537,112538],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,112539,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,112541,112542,112544,112546,112548,112550],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,112543,98],{"class":97},[47,112545,101],{"class":83},[47,112547,104],{"class":87},[47,112549,3057],{"class":83},[47,112551,111639],{"class":113},[47,112553,112554,112556,112558,112560,112562],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,112555,98],{"class":97},[47,112557,101],{"class":83},[47,112559,154],{"class":87},[47,112561,3057],{"class":83},[47,112563,111652],{"class":113},[724,112565,112566],{"id":29869},[15,112567,14356],{},[133,112569,112570,112573],{},[136,112571,112572],{},"changes the existing set in place",[136,112574,112575],{},"does not create a separate result set",[38,112577,112579],{"className":40,"code":112578,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,112580,112581,112597,112613,112617,112631,112635],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112582,112583,112585,112587,112589,112591,112593,112595],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112584,1208],{"class":53},[47,112586,58],{"class":57},[47,112588,9890],{"class":83},[47,112590,2377],{"class":586},[47,112592,590],{"class":83},[47,112594,2382],{"class":586},[47,112596,8707],{"class":83},[47,112598,112599,112601,112603,112605,112607,112609,112611],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,112600,1221],{"class":53},[47,112602,58],{"class":57},[47,112604,9890],{"class":83},[47,112606,1449],{"class":586},[47,112608,590],{"class":83},[47,112610,1841],{"class":586},[47,112612,8707],{"class":83},[47,112614,112615],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,112616,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,112618,112619,112621,112623,112625,112627,112629],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,112620,154],{"class":53},[47,112622,84],{"class":83},[47,112624,29869],{"class":87},[47,112626,101],{"class":83},[47,112628,4158],{"class":87},[47,112630,107],{"class":83},[47,112632,112633],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,112634,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,112636,112637,112639,112641,112643,112645],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,112638,98],{"class":97},[47,112640,101],{"class":83},[47,112642,154],{"class":87},[47,112644,3057],{"class":83},[47,112646,111639],{"class":113},[20,112648,1486,112649,112651],{},[15,112650,102201],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,112653,112654,112655,84],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[154,112656,2968,112657,1289],{"href":97921},[15,112658,96717],{},[33,112660,3915],{"id":3914},[724,112662,7852,112664,112666],{"id":112663},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,112665,102201],{}," to change the original set",[20,112668,81232],{},[38,112670,112672],{"className":40,"code":112671,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112673,112674,112690,112706,112710,112724],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112675,112676,112678,112680,112682,112684,112686,112688],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112677,1208],{"class":53},[47,112679,58],{"class":57},[47,112681,9890],{"class":83},[47,112683,2377],{"class":586},[47,112685,590],{"class":83},[47,112687,2382],{"class":586},[47,112689,8707],{"class":83},[47,112691,112692,112694,112696,112698,112700,112702,112704],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,112693,1221],{"class":53},[47,112695,58],{"class":57},[47,112697,9890],{"class":83},[47,112699,1449],{"class":586},[47,112701,590],{"class":83},[47,112703,1841],{"class":586},[47,112705,8707],{"class":83},[47,112707,112708],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,112709,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,112711,112712,112714,112716,112718,112720,112722],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,112713,154],{"class":53},[47,112715,84],{"class":83},[47,112717,110671],{"class":87},[47,112719,101],{"class":83},[47,112721,4158],{"class":87},[47,112723,107],{"class":83},[47,112725,112726,112728,112730,112732],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,112727,98],{"class":97},[47,112729,101],{"class":83},[47,112731,154],{"class":87},[47,112733,107],{"class":83},[20,112735,338],{},[38,112737,112738],{"className":40,"code":99909,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,112739,112740],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112741,112742,112744,112746,112748,112750],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112743,8676],{"class":83},[47,112745,2377],{"class":586},[47,112747,590],{"class":83},[47,112749,2382],{"class":586},[47,112751,8707],{"class":83},[20,112753,7895,112754,112756],{},[15,112755,102201],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,112758,112759],{},"Fix it like this:",[38,112761,112763],{"className":40,"code":112762,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112764,112765,112781,112797,112801,112819],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112766,112767,112769,112771,112773,112775,112777,112779],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112768,1208],{"class":53},[47,112770,58],{"class":57},[47,112772,9890],{"class":83},[47,112774,2377],{"class":586},[47,112776,590],{"class":83},[47,112778,2382],{"class":586},[47,112780,8707],{"class":83},[47,112782,112783,112785,112787,112789,112791,112793,112795],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,112784,1221],{"class":53},[47,112786,58],{"class":57},[47,112788,9890],{"class":83},[47,112790,1449],{"class":586},[47,112792,590],{"class":83},[47,112794,1841],{"class":586},[47,112796,8707],{"class":83},[47,112798,112799],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,112800,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,112802,112803,112805,112807,112809,112811,112813,112815,112817],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,112804,1208],{"class":53},[47,112806,58],{"class":57},[47,112808,56293],{"class":53},[47,112810,84],{"class":83},[47,112812,110671],{"class":87},[47,112814,101],{"class":83},[47,112816,4158],{"class":87},[47,112818,107],{"class":83},[47,112820,112821,112823,112825,112827],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,112822,98],{"class":97},[47,112824,101],{"class":83},[47,112826,154],{"class":87},[47,112828,107],{"class":83},[724,112830,112832],{"id":112831},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,112834,112835],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[38,112837,112839],{"className":40,"code":112838,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,112840,112841,112857,112873,112877],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112842,112843,112845,112847,112849,112851,112853,112855],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112844,1208],{"class":53},[47,112846,58],{"class":57},[47,112848,9890],{"class":83},[47,112850,1455],{"class":586},[47,112852,590],{"class":83},[47,112854,4898],{"class":586},[47,112856,8707],{"class":83},[47,112858,112859,112861,112863,112865,112867,112869,112871],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,112860,1221],{"class":53},[47,112862,58],{"class":57},[47,112864,9890],{"class":83},[47,112866,1449],{"class":586},[47,112868,590],{"class":83},[47,112870,1847],{"class":586},[47,112872,8707],{"class":83},[47,112874,112875],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,112876,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,112878,112879,112881,112883,112885,112887,112889,112891,112893],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,112880,98],{"class":97},[47,112882,101],{"class":83},[47,112884,154],{"class":87},[47,112886,84],{"class":83},[47,112888,110671],{"class":87},[47,112890,101],{"class":83},[47,112892,4158],{"class":87},[47,112894,1419],{"class":83},[20,112896,112897],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[724,112899,112901],{"id":112900},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[38,112903,112905],{"className":40,"code":112904,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,112906,112907,112923,112945],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112908,112909,112911,112913,112915,112917,112919,112921],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112910,3466],{"class":53},[47,112912,58],{"class":57},[47,112914,9890],{"class":83},[47,112916,253],{"class":61},[47,112918,57533],{"class":65},[47,112920,253],{"class":61},[47,112922,8707],{"class":83},[47,112924,112925,112927,112929,112931,112933,112935,112937,112939,112941,112943],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,112926,75],{"class":53},[47,112928,58],{"class":57},[47,112930,5568],{"class":53},[47,112932,84],{"class":83},[47,112934,110671],{"class":87},[47,112936,101],{"class":83},[47,112938,253],{"class":61},[47,112940,36452],{"class":65},[47,112942,253],{"class":61},[47,112944,107],{"class":83},[47,112946,112947,112949,112951,112953],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,112948,98],{"class":97},[47,112950,101],{"class":83},[47,112952,104],{"class":87},[47,112954,107],{"class":83},[20,112956,112957,112958,712,112960,16474,112962,112964,112965,112967],{},"This adds ",[15,112959,65887],{},[15,112961,17498],{},[15,112963,112453],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,112966,112437],{}," as one item.",[20,112969,112970],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[38,112972,112974],{"className":40,"code":112973,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,112975,112976,112992,113014],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112977,112978,112980,112982,112984,112986,112988,112990],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112979,3466],{"class":53},[47,112981,58],{"class":57},[47,112983,9890],{"class":83},[47,112985,253],{"class":61},[47,112987,57533],{"class":65},[47,112989,253],{"class":61},[47,112991,8707],{"class":83},[47,112993,112994,112996,112998,113000,113002,113004,113006,113008,113010,113012],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,112995,75],{"class":53},[47,112997,58],{"class":57},[47,112999,5568],{"class":53},[47,113001,84],{"class":83},[47,113003,110671],{"class":87},[47,113005,2374],{"class":83},[47,113007,253],{"class":61},[47,113009,36452],{"class":65},[47,113011,253],{"class":61},[47,113013,3284],{"class":83},[47,113015,113016,113018,113020,113022],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,113017,98],{"class":97},[47,113019,101],{"class":83},[47,113021,104],{"class":87},[47,113023,107],{"class":83},[724,113025,113027],{"id":113026},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113029,2225],{},[38,113031,113033],{"className":40,"code":113032,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113034,113035],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113036,113037,113039,113041,113043,113045,113047,113049,113051,113053,113055,113057,113059],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113038,15031],{"class":53},[47,113040,58],{"class":57},[47,113042,9890],{"class":83},[47,113044,2377],{"class":586},[47,113046,590],{"class":83},[47,113048,2382],{"class":586},[47,113050,590],{"class":83},[47,113052,3017],{"class":83},[47,113054,1455],{"class":586},[47,113056,590],{"class":83},[47,113058,1847],{"class":586},[47,113060,13107],{"class":83},[20,113062,113063],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113065,113066,113067,1032],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113068,102201],{},[38,113070,113072],{"className":40,"code":113071,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113073,113074,113090,113112],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113075,113076,113078,113080,113082,113084,113086,113088],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113077,15031],{"class":53},[47,113079,58],{"class":57},[47,113081,9890],{"class":83},[47,113083,2377],{"class":586},[47,113085,590],{"class":83},[47,113087,2382],{"class":586},[47,113089,8707],{"class":83},[47,113091,113092,113094,113096,113098,113100,113102,113104,113106,113108,113110],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,113093,75],{"class":53},[47,113095,58],{"class":57},[47,113097,96327],{"class":53},[47,113099,84],{"class":83},[47,113101,110671],{"class":87},[47,113103,2374],{"class":83},[47,113105,1455],{"class":586},[47,113107,590],{"class":83},[47,113109,1847],{"class":586},[47,113111,3284],{"class":83},[47,113113,113114,113116,113118,113120],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,113115,98],{"class":97},[47,113117,101],{"class":83},[47,113119,104],{"class":87},[47,113121,107],{"class":83},[33,113123,113125],{"id":113124},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113127,113128],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[133,113130,113131,113137,113144,113147],{},[136,113132,113133,113134,113136],{},"call ",[15,113135,102201],{}," without saving the returned set",[136,113138,113139,113140,8101,113142],{},"confuse ",[15,113141,102201],{},[15,113143,14356],{},[136,113145,113146],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[136,113148,113149],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113151,113152,113153,1063,113157,84],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[154,113154,2968,113155,1289],{"href":102190},[15,113156,105975],{},[154,113158,2968,113160,1289],{"href":113159},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113161,99821],{},[20,113163,61700],{},[38,113165,113167],{"className":40,"code":113166,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113168,113169,113179,113193,113203],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113170,113171,113173,113175,113177],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113172,98],{"class":97},[47,113174,101],{"class":83},[47,113176,15069],{"class":87},[47,113178,107],{"class":83},[47,113180,113181,113183,113185,113187,113189,113191],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,113182,98],{"class":97},[47,113184,101],{"class":83},[47,113186,2613],{"class":919},[47,113188,101],{"class":83},[47,113190,15069],{"class":87},[47,113192,1419],{"class":83},[47,113194,113195,113197,113199,113201],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,113196,98],{"class":97},[47,113198,101],{"class":83},[47,113200,104],{"class":87},[47,113202,107],{"class":83},[47,113204,113205,113207,113209,113211,113213,113215],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,113206,31558],{"class":97},[47,113208,101],{"class":83},[47,113210,5687],{"class":919},[47,113212,84],{"class":83},[47,113214,110671],{"class":24153},[47,113216,107],{"class":83},[33,113218,1155],{"id":1154},[724,113220,1159,113222,102141],{"id":113221},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113223,107445],{},[20,113225,102144],{},[724,113227,4568,113229,113231],{"id":113228},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113230,102201],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113233,113234],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[724,113236,1190,113238,113240],{"id":113237},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113239,102201],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113242,41555,113243,113245],{},[15,113244,102201],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[724,113247,113249],{"id":113248},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113251,113252],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[724,113254,4578,113256,1063,113258,1883],{"id":113255},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113257,102201],{},[15,113259,113260],{},"|",[20,113262,113263,113264,113266,113267,113269],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113265,113260],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113268,102201],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[33,113271,1275],{"id":1274},[133,113273,113274,113278,113284,113290,113296],{},[136,113275,113276],{},[154,113277,95731],{"href":96902},[136,113279,113280],{},[154,113281,2968,113282,1289],{"href":97921},[15,113283,96717],{},[136,113285,113286],{},[154,113287,2968,113288,1289],{"href":102190},[15,113289,105975],{},[136,113291,113292],{},[154,113293,2968,113294,1289],{"href":113159},[15,113295,99821],{},[136,113297,113298],{},[154,113299,99746],{"href":98479},[1320,113301,113302],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":113304},[113305,113306,113308,113309,113310,113311,113313,113319,113324,113331,113332,113343],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":111401,"depth":72,"text":113307},"What set.union() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":21371,"depth":72,"text":21372},{"id":267,"depth":72,"text":268},{"id":111887,"depth":72,"text":113312},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112045,"depth":72,"text":113314,"children":113315},"Using union() with other iterables",[113316,113317,113318],{"id":112056,"depth":94,"text":112057},{"id":112176,"depth":94,"text":112177},{"id":112318,"depth":94,"text":112319},{"id":112456,"depth":72,"text":113320,"children":113321},"union() vs update()",[113322,113323],{"id":110671,"depth":94,"text":102201},{"id":29869,"depth":94,"text":14356},{"id":3914,"depth":72,"text":3915,"children":113325},[113326,113328,113329,113330],{"id":112663,"depth":94,"text":113327},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":112831,"depth":94,"text":112832},{"id":112900,"depth":94,"text":112901},{"id":113026,"depth":94,"text":113027},{"id":113124,"depth":72,"text":113125},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":113333},[113334,113336,113338,113340,113341],{"id":113221,"depth":94,"text":113335},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113228,"depth":94,"text":113337},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113237,"depth":94,"text":113339},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113248,"depth":94,"text":113249},{"id":113255,"depth":94,"text":113342},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111281,"description":113344},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113350,"title":113351,"body":113352,"description":115241,"extension":1354,"meta":115242,"navigation":311,"path":96216,"seo":115243,"stem":115244,"__hash__":115245},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113353,"toc":115207},[113354,113359,113364,113372,113374,113432,113437,113442,113446,113458,113461,113535,113540,113542,113544,113563,113565,113582,113585,113612,113614,113684,113688,113690,113696,113698,113759,113764,113766,113823,113827,113832,113897,113899,113919,113926,113930,113935,114020,114023,114030,114133,114137,114142,114200,114203,114214,114228,114235,114293,114300,114303,114313,114317,114375,114379,114445,114448,114506,114513,114520,114523,114527,114536,114605,114609,114615,114703,114713,114717,114721,114725,114728,114789,114794,114851,114855,114857,114892,114899,114901,114955,114962,114966,114969,115034,115043,115049,115106,115108,115113,115117,115121,115124,115131,115139,115143,115148,115152,115158,115160,115195,115204],[10,113355,95603,113357,18],{"id":113356},"python-set-update-method",[15,113358,14356],{},[20,113360,113361,113363],{},[15,113362,96717],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113365,113366,113367,113371],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[154,113368,113369],{"href":97902},[15,113370,95611],{},", which adds only one item.",[33,113373,3002],{"id":3001},[38,113375,113377],{"className":40,"code":113376,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113378,113379,113395,113417,113427],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113380,113381,113383,113385,113387,113389,113391,113393],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113382,3012],{"class":53},[47,113384,58],{"class":57},[47,113386,9890],{"class":83},[47,113388,2377],{"class":586},[47,113390,590],{"class":83},[47,113392,2382],{"class":586},[47,113394,8707],{"class":83},[47,113396,113397,113399,113401,113403,113405,113407,113409,113411,113413,113415],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,113398,3044],{"class":53},[47,113400,84],{"class":83},[47,113402,29869],{"class":87},[47,113404,2374],{"class":83},[47,113406,1449],{"class":586},[47,113408,590],{"class":83},[47,113410,1841],{"class":586},[47,113412,590],{"class":83},[47,113414,1847],{"class":586},[47,113416,3284],{"class":83},[47,113418,113419,113421,113423,113425],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,113420,98],{"class":97},[47,113422,101],{"class":83},[47,113424,3044],{"class":87},[47,113426,107],{"class":83},[47,113428,113429],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,113430,113431],{"class":113},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,113433,1486,113434,113436],{},[15,113435,14356],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[33,113438,128,113440,131],{"id":113439},"what-setupdate-does",[15,113441,96717],{},[20,113443,113444,1032],{},[15,113445,96717],{},[133,113447,113448,113451,113453,113456],{},[136,113449,113450],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[136,113452,95718],{},[136,113454,113455],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[136,113457,95721],{},[20,113459,113460],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[38,113462,113464],{"className":40,"code":113463,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,113465,113466,113490,113516,113520,113530],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113467,113468,113470,113472,113474,113476,113478,113480,113482,113484,113486,113488],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113469,12476],{"class":53},[47,113471,58],{"class":57},[47,113473,9890],{"class":83},[47,113475,253],{"class":61},[47,113477,12493],{"class":65},[47,113479,253],{"class":61},[47,113481,590],{"class":83},[47,113483,62],{"class":61},[47,113485,12510],{"class":65},[47,113487,253],{"class":61},[47,113489,8707],{"class":83},[47,113491,113492,113494,113496,113498,113500,113502,113504,113506,113508,113510,113512,113514],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,113493,16905],{"class":53},[47,113495,84],{"class":83},[47,113497,29869],{"class":87},[47,113499,2374],{"class":83},[47,113501,253],{"class":61},[47,113503,12510],{"class":65},[47,113505,253],{"class":61},[47,113507,590],{"class":83},[47,113509,62],{"class":61},[47,113511,16858],{"class":65},[47,113513,253],{"class":61},[47,113515,3284],{"class":83},[47,113517,113518],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,113519,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,113521,113522,113524,113526,113528],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,113523,98],{"class":97},[47,113525,101],{"class":83},[47,113527,16905],{"class":87},[47,113529,107],{"class":83},[47,113531,113532],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,113533,113534],{"class":113},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,113536,443,113537,113539],{},[15,113538,110436],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[33,113541,166],{"id":165},[20,113543,6617],{},[38,113545,113547],{"className":40,"code":113546,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,113548,113549],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113550,113551,113553,113555,113557,113559,113561],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113552,15069],{"class":53},[47,113554,84],{"class":83},[47,113556,29869],{"class":87},[47,113558,101],{"class":83},[47,113560,3116],{"class":87},[47,113562,107],{"class":83},[20,113564,79608],{},[133,113566,113567,113570,113573,113576,113579],{},[136,113568,113569],{},"A list",[136,113571,113572],{},"A tuple",[136,113574,113575],{},"Another set",[136,113577,113578],{},"A string",[136,113580,113581],{},"Any other iterable",[20,113583,113584],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[38,113586,113588],{"className":40,"code":113587,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,113589,113590],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113591,113592,113594,113596,113598,113600,113602,113604,113606,113608,113610],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113593,15069],{"class":53},[47,113595,84],{"class":83},[47,113597,29869],{"class":87},[47,113599,101],{"class":83},[47,113601,154],{"class":87},[47,113603,590],{"class":83},[47,113605,1253],{"class":87},[47,113607,590],{"class":83},[47,113609,9080],{"class":87},[47,113611,107],{"class":83},[20,113613,538],{},[38,113615,113617],{"className":40,"code":113616,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,113618,113619,113631,113665,113669,113679],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113620,113621,113623,113625,113627,113629],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113622,3219],{"class":53},[47,113624,58],{"class":57},[47,113626,9890],{"class":83},[47,113628,2377],{"class":586},[47,113630,8707],{"class":83},[47,113632,113633,113635,113637,113639,113641,113643,113645,113647,113649,113651,113653,113655,113657,113659,113661,113663],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,113634,4758],{"class":53},[47,113636,84],{"class":83},[47,113638,29869],{"class":87},[47,113640,2374],{"class":83},[47,113642,1449],{"class":586},[47,113644,590],{"class":83},[47,113646,1841],{"class":586},[47,113648,17464],{"class":83},[47,113650,8634],{"class":83},[47,113652,1896],{"class":586},[47,113654,590],{"class":83},[47,113656,4002],{"class":586},[47,113658,8631],{"class":83},[47,113660,9890],{"class":83},[47,113662,79999],{"class":586},[47,113664,29901],{"class":83},[47,113666,113667],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,113668,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,113670,113671,113673,113675,113677],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,113672,98],{"class":97},[47,113674,101],{"class":83},[47,113676,4758],{"class":87},[47,113678,107],{"class":83},[47,113680,113681],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,113682,113683],{"class":113},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,113685,95727,113686,84],{},[154,113687,95735],{"href":97285},[33,113689,21372],{"id":21371},[20,113691,113692,1786,113694,84],{},[15,113693,96717],{},[15,113695,3174],{},[20,113697,11113],{},[38,113699,113701],{"className":40,"code":113700,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,113702,113703,113719,113741,113745,113755],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113704,113705,113707,113709,113711,113713,113715,113717],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113706,3012],{"class":53},[47,113708,58],{"class":57},[47,113710,9890],{"class":83},[47,113712,2377],{"class":586},[47,113714,590],{"class":83},[47,113716,2382],{"class":586},[47,113718,8707],{"class":83},[47,113720,113721,113723,113725,113727,113729,113731,113733,113735,113737,113739],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,113722,75],{"class":53},[47,113724,58],{"class":57},[47,113726,3659],{"class":53},[47,113728,84],{"class":83},[47,113730,29869],{"class":87},[47,113732,2374],{"class":83},[47,113734,1455],{"class":586},[47,113736,590],{"class":83},[47,113738,1847],{"class":586},[47,113740,3284],{"class":83},[47,113742,113743],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,113744,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,113746,113747,113749,113751,113753],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,113748,98],{"class":97},[47,113750,101],{"class":83},[47,113752,104],{"class":87},[47,113754,107],{"class":83},[47,113756,113757],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,113758,61236],{"class":113},[20,113760,113761,113762,84],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,113763,104],{},[20,113765,18370],{},[38,113767,113769],{"className":40,"code":113768,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113770,113771,113787,113805,113809,113819],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113772,113773,113775,113777,113779,113781,113783,113785],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113774,3012],{"class":53},[47,113776,58],{"class":57},[47,113778,9890],{"class":83},[47,113780,2377],{"class":586},[47,113782,590],{"class":83},[47,113784,2382],{"class":586},[47,113786,8707],{"class":83},[47,113788,113789,113791,113793,113795,113797,113799,113801,113803],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,113790,3044],{"class":53},[47,113792,84],{"class":83},[47,113794,29869],{"class":87},[47,113796,2374],{"class":83},[47,113798,1455],{"class":586},[47,113800,590],{"class":83},[47,113802,1847],{"class":586},[47,113804,3284],{"class":83},[47,113806,113807],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,113808,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,113810,113811,113813,113815,113817],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,113812,98],{"class":97},[47,113814,101],{"class":83},[47,113816,3044],{"class":87},[47,113818,107],{"class":83},[47,113820,113821],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,113822,113431],{"class":113},[33,113824,113826],{"id":113825},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,113828,113829,113830,84],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,113831,14356],{},[38,113833,113835],{"className":40,"code":113834,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113836,113837,113853,113879,113883,113893],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113838,113839,113841,113843,113845,113847,113849,113851],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113840,3012],{"class":53},[47,113842,58],{"class":57},[47,113844,9890],{"class":83},[47,113846,2377],{"class":586},[47,113848,590],{"class":83},[47,113850,2382],{"class":586},[47,113852,8707],{"class":83},[47,113854,113855,113857,113859,113861,113863,113865,113867,113869,113871,113873,113875,113877],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,113856,3044],{"class":53},[47,113858,84],{"class":83},[47,113860,29869],{"class":87},[47,113862,2374],{"class":83},[47,113864,1449],{"class":586},[47,113866,590],{"class":83},[47,113868,1841],{"class":586},[47,113870,590],{"class":83},[47,113872,1847],{"class":586},[47,113874,590],{"class":83},[47,113876,1847],{"class":586},[47,113878,3284],{"class":83},[47,113880,113881],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,113882,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,113884,113885,113887,113889,113891],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,113886,98],{"class":97},[47,113888,101],{"class":83},[47,113890,3044],{"class":87},[47,113892,107],{"class":83},[47,113894,113895],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,113896,113431],{"class":113},[20,113898,11082],{},[133,113900,113901,113906,113913],{},[136,113902,113903,113905],{},[15,113904,1449],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[136,113907,113908,1063,113910,113912],{},[15,113909,1455],{},[15,113911,1896],{}," are added",[136,113914,113915,113916,113918],{},"The second ",[15,113917,1896],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,113920,113921,113922,113925],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[154,113923,113924],{"href":98479},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[33,113927,113929],{"id":113928},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,113931,7161,113932,113934],{},[15,113933,14356],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[38,113936,113938],{"className":40,"code":113937,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,113939,113940,113961,113982,113986,114002,114006,114016],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113941,113942,113945,113947,113949,113951,113953,113955,113957,113959],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113943,113944],{"class":53},"set_a ",[47,113946,58],{"class":57},[47,113948,9890],{"class":83},[47,113950,2377],{"class":586},[47,113952,590],{"class":83},[47,113954,2382],{"class":586},[47,113956,590],{"class":83},[47,113958,1841],{"class":586},[47,113960,8707],{"class":83},[47,113962,113963,113966,113968,113970,113972,113974,113976,113978,113980],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,113964,113965],{"class":53},"set_b ",[47,113967,58],{"class":57},[47,113969,9890],{"class":83},[47,113971,1455],{"class":586},[47,113973,590],{"class":83},[47,113975,1847],{"class":586},[47,113977,590],{"class":83},[47,113979,4002],{"class":586},[47,113981,8707],{"class":83},[47,113983,113984],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,113985,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,113987,113988,113991,113993,113995,113997,114000],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,113989,113990],{"class":53},"set_a",[47,113992,84],{"class":83},[47,113994,29869],{"class":87},[47,113996,101],{"class":83},[47,113998,113999],{"class":87},"set_b",[47,114001,107],{"class":83},[47,114003,114004],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,114005,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,114007,114008,114010,114012,114014],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,114009,98],{"class":97},[47,114011,101],{"class":83},[47,114013,113990],{"class":87},[47,114015,107],{"class":83},[47,114017,114018],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,114019,111393],{"class":113},[20,114021,114022],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114024,114025,114026,84],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[154,114027,114028],{"href":102198},[15,114029,107445],{},[38,114031,114033],{"className":40,"code":114032,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114034,114035,114055,114075,114079,114099,114103,114114,114118,114128],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114036,114037,114039,114041,114043,114045,114047,114049,114051,114053],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114038,113944],{"class":53},[47,114040,58],{"class":57},[47,114042,9890],{"class":83},[47,114044,2377],{"class":586},[47,114046,590],{"class":83},[47,114048,2382],{"class":586},[47,114050,590],{"class":83},[47,114052,1841],{"class":586},[47,114054,8707],{"class":83},[47,114056,114057,114059,114061,114063,114065,114067,114069,114071,114073],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,114058,113965],{"class":53},[47,114060,58],{"class":57},[47,114062,9890],{"class":83},[47,114064,1455],{"class":586},[47,114066,590],{"class":83},[47,114068,1847],{"class":586},[47,114070,590],{"class":83},[47,114072,4002],{"class":586},[47,114074,8707],{"class":83},[47,114076,114077],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,114078,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,114080,114081,114084,114086,114089,114091,114093,114095,114097],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,114082,114083],{"class":53},"combined ",[47,114085,58],{"class":57},[47,114087,114088],{"class":53}," set_a",[47,114090,84],{"class":83},[47,114092,110671],{"class":87},[47,114094,101],{"class":83},[47,114096,113999],{"class":87},[47,114098,107],{"class":83},[47,114100,114101],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,114102,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,114104,114105,114107,114109,114112],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,114106,98],{"class":97},[47,114108,101],{"class":83},[47,114110,114111],{"class":87},"combined",[47,114113,107],{"class":83},[47,114115,114116],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,114117,111393],{"class":113},[47,114119,114120,114122,114124,114126],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,114121,98],{"class":97},[47,114123,101],{"class":83},[47,114125,113990],{"class":87},[47,114127,107],{"class":83},[47,114129,114130],{"class":49,"line":5831},[47,114131,114132],{"class":113},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[33,114134,114136],{"id":114135},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114138,64145,114139,114141],{},[15,114140,14356],{}," adds each character separately.",[38,114143,114145],{"className":40,"code":114144,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114146,114147,114163,114181,114185,114195],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114148,114149,114151,114153,114155,114157,114159,114161],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114150,35494],{"class":53},[47,114152,58],{"class":57},[47,114154,9890],{"class":83},[47,114156,253],{"class":61},[47,114158,1567],{"class":65},[47,114160,253],{"class":61},[47,114162,8707],{"class":83},[47,114164,114165,114167,114169,114171,114173,114175,114177,114179],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,114166,35547],{"class":53},[47,114168,84],{"class":83},[47,114170,29869],{"class":87},[47,114172,101],{"class":83},[47,114174,253],{"class":61},[47,114176,36452],{"class":65},[47,114178,253],{"class":61},[47,114180,107],{"class":83},[47,114182,114183],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,114184,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,114186,114187,114189,114191,114193],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,114188,98],{"class":97},[47,114190,101],{"class":83},[47,114192,35547],{"class":87},[47,114194,107],{"class":83},[47,114196,114197],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,114198,114199],{"class":113},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114201,114202],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114204,114205,13455,114208,114210,114211,114213],{},[15,114206,114207],{},"update(\"cat\")",[121,114209,123],{}," add ",[15,114212,112437],{}," as one item. It adds:",[133,114215,114216,114220,114224],{},[136,114217,114218],{},[15,114219,65887],{},[136,114221,114222],{},[15,114223,17498],{},[136,114225,114226],{},[15,114227,112453],{},[20,114229,114230,114231,1032],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[154,114232,114233],{"href":97902},[15,114234,95611],{},[38,114236,114238],{"className":40,"code":114237,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114239,114240,114256,114274,114278,114288],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114241,114242,114244,114246,114248,114250,114252,114254],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114243,3466],{"class":53},[47,114245,58],{"class":57},[47,114247,9890],{"class":83},[47,114249,253],{"class":61},[47,114251,57533],{"class":65},[47,114253,253],{"class":61},[47,114255,8707],{"class":83},[47,114257,114258,114260,114262,114264,114266,114268,114270,114272],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,114259,3509],{"class":53},[47,114261,84],{"class":83},[47,114263,81511],{"class":87},[47,114265,101],{"class":83},[47,114267,253],{"class":61},[47,114269,36452],{"class":65},[47,114271,253],{"class":61},[47,114273,107],{"class":83},[47,114275,114276],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,114277,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,114279,114280,114282,114284,114286],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,114281,98],{"class":97},[47,114283,101],{"class":83},[47,114285,3509],{"class":87},[47,114287,107],{"class":83},[47,114289,114290],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,114291,114292],{"class":113},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[33,114294,114296,9985,114298],{"id":114295},"update-vs-add",[15,114297,14356],{},[15,114299,95606],{},[20,114301,114302],{},"The difference is simple:",[133,114304,114305,114309],{},[136,114306,114307,96205],{},[15,114308,95606],{},[136,114310,114311,96210],{},[15,114312,14356],{},[20,114314,45444,114315,1032],{},[15,114316,95606],{},[38,114318,114320],{"className":40,"code":114319,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114321,114322,114338,114356,114360,114370],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114323,114324,114326,114328,114330,114332,114334,114336],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114325,35643],{"class":53},[47,114327,58],{"class":57},[47,114329,9890],{"class":83},[47,114331,253],{"class":61},[47,114333,3475],{"class":65},[47,114335,253],{"class":61},[47,114337,8707],{"class":83},[47,114339,114340,114342,114344,114346,114348,114350,114352,114354],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,114341,35695],{"class":53},[47,114343,84],{"class":83},[47,114345,81511],{"class":87},[47,114347,101],{"class":83},[47,114349,253],{"class":61},[47,114351,288],{"class":65},[47,114353,253],{"class":61},[47,114355,107],{"class":83},[47,114357,114358],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,114359,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,114361,114362,114364,114366,114368],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,114363,98],{"class":97},[47,114365,101],{"class":83},[47,114367,35695],{"class":87},[47,114369,107],{"class":83},[47,114371,114372],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,114373,114374],{"class":113},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114376,45444,114377,1032],{},[15,114378,14356],{},[38,114380,114382],{"className":40,"code":114381,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114383,114384,114400,114426,114430,114440],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114385,114386,114388,114390,114392,114394,114396,114398],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114387,35643],{"class":53},[47,114389,58],{"class":57},[47,114391,9890],{"class":83},[47,114393,253],{"class":61},[47,114395,3475],{"class":65},[47,114397,253],{"class":61},[47,114399,8707],{"class":83},[47,114401,114402,114404,114406,114408,114410,114412,114414,114416,114418,114420,114422,114424],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,114403,35695],{"class":53},[47,114405,84],{"class":83},[47,114407,29869],{"class":87},[47,114409,2374],{"class":83},[47,114411,253],{"class":61},[47,114413,288],{"class":65},[47,114415,253],{"class":61},[47,114417,590],{"class":83},[47,114419,62],{"class":61},[47,114421,32627],{"class":65},[47,114423,253],{"class":61},[47,114425,3284],{"class":83},[47,114427,114428],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,114429,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,114431,114432,114434,114436,114438],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,114433,98],{"class":97},[47,114435,101],{"class":83},[47,114437,35695],{"class":87},[47,114439,107],{"class":83},[47,114441,114442],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,114443,114444],{"class":113},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,114446,114447],{},"Important warning with strings:",[38,114449,114451],{"className":40,"code":114450,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,114452,114453,114469,114487,114491,114501],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114454,114455,114457,114459,114461,114463,114465,114467],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114456,35643],{"class":53},[47,114458,58],{"class":57},[47,114460,9890],{"class":83},[47,114462,253],{"class":61},[47,114464,3475],{"class":65},[47,114466,253],{"class":61},[47,114468,8707],{"class":83},[47,114470,114471,114473,114475,114477,114479,114481,114483,114485],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,114472,35695],{"class":53},[47,114474,84],{"class":83},[47,114476,29869],{"class":87},[47,114478,101],{"class":83},[47,114480,253],{"class":61},[47,114482,37746],{"class":65},[47,114484,253],{"class":61},[47,114486,107],{"class":83},[47,114488,114489],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,114490,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,114492,114493,114495,114497,114499],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,114494,98],{"class":97},[47,114496,101],{"class":83},[47,114498,35695],{"class":87},[47,114500,107],{"class":83},[47,114502,114503],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,114504,114505],{"class":113},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,114507,61511,114508,61584,114511,6031],{},[15,114509,114510],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,114512,95606],{},[33,114514,114516,9985,114518],{"id":114515},"update-vs-union",[15,114517,14356],{},[15,114519,102201],{},[20,114521,114522],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[724,114524,114525],{"id":29869},[15,114526,14356],{},[133,114528,114529,114532],{},[136,114530,114531],{},"Changes the existing set",[136,114533,10824,114534],{},[15,114535,3174],{},[38,114537,114539],{"className":40,"code":114538,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114540,114541,114557,114573,114577,114591,114601],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114542,114543,114545,114547,114549,114551,114553,114555],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114544,1208],{"class":53},[47,114546,58],{"class":57},[47,114548,9890],{"class":83},[47,114550,2377],{"class":586},[47,114552,590],{"class":83},[47,114554,2382],{"class":586},[47,114556,8707],{"class":83},[47,114558,114559,114561,114563,114565,114567,114569,114571],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,114560,1221],{"class":53},[47,114562,58],{"class":57},[47,114564,9890],{"class":83},[47,114566,1449],{"class":586},[47,114568,590],{"class":83},[47,114570,1841],{"class":586},[47,114572,8707],{"class":83},[47,114574,114575],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,114576,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,114578,114579,114581,114583,114585,114587,114589],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,114580,154],{"class":53},[47,114582,84],{"class":83},[47,114584,29869],{"class":87},[47,114586,101],{"class":83},[47,114588,4158],{"class":87},[47,114590,107],{"class":83},[47,114592,114593,114595,114597,114599],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,114594,98],{"class":97},[47,114596,101],{"class":83},[47,114598,154],{"class":87},[47,114600,107],{"class":83},[47,114602,114603],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,114604,114132],{"class":113},[724,114606,114607],{"id":110671},[15,114608,102201],{},[133,114610,114611,114613],{},[136,114612,100739],{},[136,114614,100742],{},[38,114616,114618],{"className":40,"code":114617,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,114619,114620,114636,114652,114656,114674,114684,114688,114698],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114621,114622,114624,114626,114628,114630,114632,114634],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114623,1208],{"class":53},[47,114625,58],{"class":57},[47,114627,9890],{"class":83},[47,114629,2377],{"class":586},[47,114631,590],{"class":83},[47,114633,2382],{"class":586},[47,114635,8707],{"class":83},[47,114637,114638,114640,114642,114644,114646,114648,114650],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,114639,1221],{"class":53},[47,114641,58],{"class":57},[47,114643,9890],{"class":83},[47,114645,1449],{"class":586},[47,114647,590],{"class":83},[47,114649,1841],{"class":586},[47,114651,8707],{"class":83},[47,114653,114654],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,114655,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,114657,114658,114660,114662,114664,114666,114668,114670,114672],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,114659,82591],{"class":53},[47,114661,58],{"class":57},[47,114663,56293],{"class":53},[47,114665,84],{"class":83},[47,114667,110671],{"class":87},[47,114669,101],{"class":83},[47,114671,4158],{"class":87},[47,114673,107],{"class":83},[47,114675,114676,114678,114680,114682],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,114677,98],{"class":97},[47,114679,101],{"class":83},[47,114681,9138],{"class":87},[47,114683,107],{"class":83},[47,114685,114686],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,114687,114132],{"class":113},[47,114689,114690,114692,114694,114696],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,114691,98],{"class":97},[47,114693,101],{"class":83},[47,114695,154],{"class":87},[47,114697,107],{"class":83},[47,114699,114700],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,114701,114702],{"class":113},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,114704,107087,114705,114707,114708,114712],{},[15,114706,14356],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[154,114709,114710],{"href":102198},[15,114711,102201],{}," when you want a new set.",[33,114714,114716],{"id":114715},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,114718,10147,114719,84],{},[15,114720,96717],{},[724,114722,114724],{"id":114723},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,114726,114727],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[38,114729,114731],{"className":40,"code":114730,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114732,114733,114749,114771,114775,114785],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114734,114735,114737,114739,114741,114743,114745,114747],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114736,15031],{"class":53},[47,114738,58],{"class":57},[47,114740,9890],{"class":83},[47,114742,2377],{"class":586},[47,114744,590],{"class":83},[47,114746,2382],{"class":586},[47,114748,8707],{"class":83},[47,114750,114751,114753,114755,114757,114759,114761,114763,114765,114767,114769],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,114752,75],{"class":53},[47,114754,58],{"class":57},[47,114756,96327],{"class":53},[47,114758,84],{"class":83},[47,114760,29869],{"class":87},[47,114762,2374],{"class":83},[47,114764,1455],{"class":586},[47,114766,590],{"class":83},[47,114768,1847],{"class":586},[47,114770,3284],{"class":83},[47,114772,114773],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,114774,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,114776,114777,114779,114781,114783],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,114778,98],{"class":97},[47,114780,101],{"class":83},[47,114782,104],{"class":87},[47,114784,107],{"class":83},[47,114786,114787],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,114788,61236],{"class":113},[20,114790,114791,114792,1032],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,114793,14356],{},[38,114795,114797],{"className":40,"code":114796,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114798,114799,114815,114833,114837,114847],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114800,114801,114803,114805,114807,114809,114811,114813],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114802,15031],{"class":53},[47,114804,58],{"class":57},[47,114806,9890],{"class":83},[47,114808,2377],{"class":586},[47,114810,590],{"class":83},[47,114812,2382],{"class":586},[47,114814,8707],{"class":83},[47,114816,114817,114819,114821,114823,114825,114827,114829,114831],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,114818,15069],{"class":53},[47,114820,84],{"class":83},[47,114822,29869],{"class":87},[47,114824,2374],{"class":83},[47,114826,1455],{"class":586},[47,114828,590],{"class":83},[47,114830,1847],{"class":586},[47,114832,3284],{"class":83},[47,114834,114835],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,114836,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,114838,114839,114841,114843,114845],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,114840,98],{"class":97},[47,114842,101],{"class":83},[47,114844,15069],{"class":87},[47,114846,107],{"class":83},[47,114848,114849],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,114850,113431],{"class":113},[724,114852,114854],{"id":114853},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,114856,2225],{},[38,114858,114860],{"className":40,"code":114859,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,114861,114862,114878],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114863,114864,114866,114868,114870,114872,114874,114876],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114865,15031],{"class":53},[47,114867,58],{"class":57},[47,114869,9890],{"class":83},[47,114871,2377],{"class":586},[47,114873,590],{"class":83},[47,114875,2382],{"class":586},[47,114877,8707],{"class":83},[47,114879,114880,114882,114884,114886,114888,114890],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,114881,15069],{"class":53},[47,114883,84],{"class":83},[47,114885,29869],{"class":87},[47,114887,101],{"class":83},[47,114889,1531],{"class":586},[47,114891,107],{"class":83},[20,114893,61690,114894,8001,114896,114898],{},[15,114895,2395],{},[15,114897,1531],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,114900,5954],{},[38,114902,114904],{"className":40,"code":114903,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,114905,114906,114922,114936,114940,114950],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114907,114908,114910,114912,114914,114916,114918,114920],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114909,15031],{"class":53},[47,114911,58],{"class":57},[47,114913,9890],{"class":83},[47,114915,2377],{"class":586},[47,114917,590],{"class":83},[47,114919,2382],{"class":586},[47,114921,8707],{"class":83},[47,114923,114924,114926,114928,114930,114932,114934],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,114925,15069],{"class":53},[47,114927,84],{"class":83},[47,114929,29869],{"class":87},[47,114931,2374],{"class":83},[47,114933,1531],{"class":586},[47,114935,3284],{"class":83},[47,114937,114938],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,114939,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,114941,114942,114944,114946,114948],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,114943,98],{"class":97},[47,114945,101],{"class":83},[47,114947,15069],{"class":87},[47,114949,107],{"class":83},[47,114951,114952],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,114953,114954],{"class":113},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,114956,45317,114957,84],{},[154,114958,25083,114959],{"href":52004},[15,114960,114961],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[724,114963,114965],{"id":114964},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,114967,114968],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[38,114970,114972],{"className":40,"code":114971,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114973,114974,114990,115016,115020,115030],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114975,114976,114978,114980,114982,114984,114986,114988],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114977,15031],{"class":53},[47,114979,58],{"class":57},[47,114981,9890],{"class":83},[47,114983,2377],{"class":586},[47,114985,590],{"class":83},[47,114987,2382],{"class":586},[47,114989,8707],{"class":83},[47,114991,114992,114994,114996,114998,115000,115002,115004,115006,115008,115010,115012,115014],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,114993,15069],{"class":53},[47,114995,84],{"class":83},[47,114997,29869],{"class":87},[47,114999,2374],{"class":83},[47,115001,1449],{"class":586},[47,115003,590],{"class":83},[47,115005,2382],{"class":586},[47,115007,590],{"class":83},[47,115009,2382],{"class":586},[47,115011,590],{"class":83},[47,115013,1841],{"class":586},[47,115015,3284],{"class":83},[47,115017,115018],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,115019,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,115021,115022,115024,115026,115028],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,115023,98],{"class":97},[47,115025,101],{"class":83},[47,115027,15069],{"class":87},[47,115029,107],{"class":83},[47,115031,115032],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,115033,114132],{"class":113},[724,115035,115037,115038,44033,115040,115042],{"id":115036},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115039,14356],{},[15,115041,95606],{}," is better",[20,115044,115045,115046,115048],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115047,95606],{}," is usually the better choice.",[38,115050,115052],{"className":40,"code":115051,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115053,115054,115070,115088,115092,115102],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115055,115056,115058,115060,115062,115064,115066,115068],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115057,15031],{"class":53},[47,115059,58],{"class":57},[47,115061,9890],{"class":83},[47,115063,253],{"class":61},[47,115065,57533],{"class":65},[47,115067,253],{"class":61},[47,115069,8707],{"class":83},[47,115071,115072,115074,115076,115078,115080,115082,115084,115086],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,115073,15069],{"class":53},[47,115075,84],{"class":83},[47,115077,81511],{"class":87},[47,115079,101],{"class":83},[47,115081,253],{"class":61},[47,115083,36452],{"class":65},[47,115085,253],{"class":61},[47,115087,107],{"class":83},[47,115089,115090],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,115091,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,115093,115094,115096,115098,115100],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,115095,98],{"class":97},[47,115097,101],{"class":83},[47,115099,15069],{"class":87},[47,115101,107],{"class":83},[47,115103,115104],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,115105,114292],{"class":113},[33,115107,1155],{"id":1154},[724,115109,1159,115111,96696],{"id":115110},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115112,96717],{},[20,115114,96699,115115,84],{},[15,115116,3174],{},[724,115118,1190,115119,31632],{"id":31629},[15,115120,14356],{},[20,115122,115123],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[724,115125,4578,115127,1063,115129,1883],{"id":115126},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115128,95606],{},[15,115130,14356],{},[20,115132,115133,115135,115136,115138],{},[15,115134,95606],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115137,14356],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[724,115140,115142],{"id":115141},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115144,115145,115146,114141],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115147,14356],{},[724,115149,115151],{"id":115150},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115153,1486,115154,10492,115156,84],{},[15,115155,102201],{},[15,115157,14356],{},[33,115159,1275],{"id":1274},[133,115161,115162,115169,115176,115182,115188],{},[136,115163,115164],{},[154,115165,115166],{"href":97902},[15,115167,115168],{},"Python set add() method",[136,115170,115171],{},[154,115172,115173],{"href":102198},[15,115174,115175],{},"Python set union() method",[136,115177,115178],{},[154,115179,115180],{"href":97285},[15,115181,96741],{},[136,115183,115184],{},[154,115185,115186],{"href":98479},[15,115187,99746],{},[136,115189,115190],{},[154,115191,115192,115194],{"href":52004},[15,115193,114961],{}," fix",[20,115196,115197,115198,115200,115201,115203],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115199,95611],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115202,107445],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1320,115205,115206],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":115208},[115209,115210,115212,115213,115214,115215,115216,115217,115219,115224,115231,115240],{"id":3001,"depth":72,"text":3002},{"id":113439,"depth":72,"text":115211},"What set.update() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":21371,"depth":72,"text":21372},{"id":113825,"depth":72,"text":113826},{"id":113928,"depth":72,"text":113929},{"id":114135,"depth":72,"text":114136},{"id":114295,"depth":72,"text":115218},"update() vs add()",{"id":114515,"depth":72,"text":115220,"children":115221},"update() vs union()",[115222,115223],{"id":29869,"depth":94,"text":14356},{"id":110671,"depth":94,"text":102201},{"id":114715,"depth":72,"text":114716,"children":115225},[115226,115227,115228,115229],{"id":114723,"depth":94,"text":114724},{"id":114853,"depth":94,"text":114854},{"id":114964,"depth":94,"text":114965},{"id":115036,"depth":94,"text":115230},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":115232},[115233,115235,115236,115238,115239],{"id":115110,"depth":94,"text":115234},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":31629,"depth":94,"text":31702},{"id":115126,"depth":94,"text":115237},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115141,"depth":94,"text":115142},{"id":115150,"depth":94,"text":115151},{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113351,"description":115241},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115247,"title":115248,"body":115249,"description":117015,"extension":1354,"meta":117016,"navigation":311,"path":13191,"seo":117017,"stem":117018,"__hash__":117019},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115250,"toc":116990},[115251,115254,115257,115260,115271,115279,115282,115284,115433,115445,115449,115466,115470,115478,115480,115491,115493,115590,115596,115599,115695,115704,115709,115713,115718,115720,115730,115732,115841,115849,115853,115856,115859,115876,115882,115962,115965,115969,115972,115976,115979,116038,116041,116045,116048,116140,116144,116147,116254,116258,116264,116292,116294,116376,116386,116390,116393,116404,116407,116492,116495,116500,116504,116507,116518,116521,116663,116666,116670,116673,116687,116690,116751,116757,116759,116762,116784,116787,116887,116890,116922,116924,116928,116931,116933,116936,116940,116943,116947,116950,116954,116957,116959,116987],[10,115252,115248],{"id":115253},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115255,115256],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115258,115259],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[133,115261,115262,115265,115268],{},[136,115263,115264],{},"a list inside another list",[136,115266,115267],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[136,115269,115270],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115272,99668,115273,1063,115275,115278],{},[121,115274,12250],{},[121,115276,115277],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115280,115281],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[33,115283,36],{"id":35},[38,115285,115287],{"className":40,"code":115286,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115288,115289,115296,115300,115326,115346,115366,115370,115388,115392,115405,115419],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115290,115291,115293],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115292,34494],{"class":655},[47,115294,115295],{"class":53}," copy\n",[47,115297,115298],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,115299,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,115301,115302,115304,115306,115308,115310,115312,115314,115316,115318,115320,115322,115324],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,115303,11485],{"class":53},[47,115305,58],{"class":57},[47,115307,55699],{"class":83},[47,115309,2377],{"class":586},[47,115311,590],{"class":83},[47,115313,2382],{"class":586},[47,115315,17464],{"class":83},[47,115317,3017],{"class":83},[47,115319,1455],{"class":586},[47,115321,590],{"class":83},[47,115323,1847],{"class":586},[47,115325,52647],{"class":83},[47,115327,115328,115331,115333,115336,115338,115340,115342,115344],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,115329,115330],{"class":53},"shallow ",[47,115332,58],{"class":57},[47,115334,115335],{"class":53}," copy",[47,115337,84],{"class":83},[47,115339,12311],{"class":87},[47,115341,101],{"class":83},[47,115343,11532],{"class":87},[47,115345,107],{"class":83},[47,115347,115348,115351,115353,115355,115357,115360,115362,115364],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,115349,115350],{"class":53},"deep ",[47,115352,58],{"class":57},[47,115354,115335],{"class":53},[47,115356,84],{"class":83},[47,115358,115359],{"class":87},"deepcopy",[47,115361,101],{"class":83},[47,115363,11532],{"class":87},[47,115365,107],{"class":83},[47,115367,115368],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,115369,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,115371,115372,115374,115376,115378,115380,115382,115384,115386],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,115373,11532],{"class":53},[47,115375,3296],{"class":83},[47,115377,1514],{"class":586},[47,115379,12951],{"class":83},[47,115381,12954],{"class":87},[47,115383,101],{"class":83},[47,115385,55752],{"class":586},[47,115387,107],{"class":83},[47,115389,115390],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,115391,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,115393,115394,115396,115398,115400,115402],{"class":49,"line":5831},[47,115395,98],{"class":97},[47,115397,101],{"class":83},[47,115399,11532],{"class":87},[47,115401,3057],{"class":83},[47,115403,115404],{"class":113},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[47,115406,115407,115409,115411,115414,115416],{"class":49,"line":5836},[47,115408,98],{"class":97},[47,115410,101],{"class":83},[47,115412,115413],{"class":87},"shallow",[47,115415,3057],{"class":83},[47,115417,115418],{"class":113},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[47,115420,115421,115423,115425,115428,115430],{"class":49,"line":10993},[47,115422,98],{"class":97},[47,115424,101],{"class":83},[47,115426,115427],{"class":87},"deep",[47,115429,3057],{"class":83},[47,115431,115432],{"class":113},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115434,1486,115435,115438,115439,1063,115441,115444],{},[15,115436,115437],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[121,115440,12250],{},[15,115442,115443],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[33,115446,115448],{"id":115447},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[133,115450,115451,115454,115457,115460,115463],{},[136,115452,115453],{},"What a copy means in Python",[136,115455,115456],{},"How shallow copy works",[136,115458,115459],{},"How deep copy works",[136,115461,115462],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[136,115464,115465],{},"When to use each approach",[33,115467,115469],{"id":115468},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,115471,14591,115472,115474,115475,115477],{},[121,115473,12250],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[121,115476,123],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,115479,1501],{},[133,115481,115482,115485,115488],{},[136,115483,115484],{},"the outer container is new",[136,115486,115487],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[136,115489,115490],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,115492,538],{},[38,115494,115496],{"className":40,"code":115495,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,115497,115498,115524,115538,115542,115560,115564,115577],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115499,115500,115502,115504,115506,115508,115510,115512,115514,115516,115518,115520,115522],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115501,11485],{"class":53},[47,115503,58],{"class":57},[47,115505,55699],{"class":83},[47,115507,2377],{"class":586},[47,115509,590],{"class":83},[47,115511,2382],{"class":586},[47,115513,17464],{"class":83},[47,115515,3017],{"class":83},[47,115517,1455],{"class":586},[47,115519,590],{"class":83},[47,115521,1847],{"class":586},[47,115523,52647],{"class":83},[47,115525,115526,115528,115530,115532,115534,115536],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,115527,13713],{"class":53},[47,115529,58],{"class":57},[47,115531,11560],{"class":53},[47,115533,84],{"class":83},[47,115535,12311],{"class":87},[47,115537,91],{"class":83},[47,115539,115540],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,115541,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,115543,115544,115546,115548,115550,115552,115554,115556,115558],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,115545,13732],{"class":53},[47,115547,84],{"class":83},[47,115549,12954],{"class":87},[47,115551,2374],{"class":83},[47,115553,1531],{"class":586},[47,115555,590],{"class":83},[47,115557,37048],{"class":586},[47,115559,3284],{"class":83},[47,115561,115562],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,115563,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,115565,115566,115568,115570,115572,115574],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,115567,98],{"class":97},[47,115569,101],{"class":83},[47,115571,11532],{"class":87},[47,115573,3057],{"class":83},[47,115575,115576],{"class":113},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[47,115578,115579,115581,115583,115585,115587],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,115580,98],{"class":97},[47,115582,101],{"class":83},[47,115584,13732],{"class":87},[47,115586,3057],{"class":83},[47,115588,115589],{"class":113},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,115591,115592,115593,115595],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,115594,13732],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,115597,115598],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[38,115600,115602],{"className":40,"code":115601,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115603,115604,115630,115644,115648,115666,115670,115682],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115605,115606,115608,115610,115612,115614,115616,115618,115620,115622,115624,115626,115628],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115607,11485],{"class":53},[47,115609,58],{"class":57},[47,115611,55699],{"class":83},[47,115613,2377],{"class":586},[47,115615,590],{"class":83},[47,115617,2382],{"class":586},[47,115619,17464],{"class":83},[47,115621,3017],{"class":83},[47,115623,1455],{"class":586},[47,115625,590],{"class":83},[47,115627,1847],{"class":586},[47,115629,52647],{"class":83},[47,115631,115632,115634,115636,115638,115640,115642],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,115633,13713],{"class":53},[47,115635,58],{"class":57},[47,115637,11560],{"class":53},[47,115639,84],{"class":83},[47,115641,12311],{"class":87},[47,115643,91],{"class":83},[47,115645,115646],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,115647,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,115649,115650,115652,115654,115656,115658,115660,115662,115664],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,115651,13732],{"class":53},[47,115653,3296],{"class":83},[47,115655,1514],{"class":586},[47,115657,12951],{"class":83},[47,115659,12954],{"class":87},[47,115661,101],{"class":83},[47,115663,55752],{"class":586},[47,115665,107],{"class":83},[47,115667,115668],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,115669,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,115671,115672,115674,115676,115678,115680],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,115673,98],{"class":97},[47,115675,101],{"class":83},[47,115677,11532],{"class":87},[47,115679,3057],{"class":83},[47,115681,115404],{"class":113},[47,115683,115684,115686,115688,115690,115692],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,115685,98],{"class":97},[47,115687,101],{"class":83},[47,115689,13732],{"class":87},[47,115691,3057],{"class":83},[47,115693,115694],{"class":113},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115696,115697,115698,1063,115700,115703],{},"Both changed because ",[15,115699,55856],{},[15,115701,115702],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,115705,115706,115707,84],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[154,115708,43339],{"href":11464},[33,115710,115712],{"id":115711},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,115714,14591,115715,115717],{},[121,115716,115277],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,115719,1501],{},[133,115721,115722,115724,115727],{},[136,115723,115484],{},[136,115725,115726],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[136,115728,115729],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,115731,538],{},[38,115733,115735],{"className":40,"code":115734,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115736,115737,115743,115747,115773,115791,115795,115813,115817,115829],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115738,115739,115741],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115740,34494],{"class":655},[47,115742,115295],{"class":53},[47,115744,115745],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,115746,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,115748,115749,115751,115753,115755,115757,115759,115761,115763,115765,115767,115769,115771],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,115750,11485],{"class":53},[47,115752,58],{"class":57},[47,115754,55699],{"class":83},[47,115756,2377],{"class":586},[47,115758,590],{"class":83},[47,115760,2382],{"class":586},[47,115762,17464],{"class":83},[47,115764,3017],{"class":83},[47,115766,1455],{"class":586},[47,115768,590],{"class":83},[47,115770,1847],{"class":586},[47,115772,52647],{"class":83},[47,115774,115775,115777,115779,115781,115783,115785,115787,115789],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,115776,13713],{"class":53},[47,115778,58],{"class":57},[47,115780,115335],{"class":53},[47,115782,84],{"class":83},[47,115784,115359],{"class":87},[47,115786,101],{"class":83},[47,115788,11532],{"class":87},[47,115790,107],{"class":83},[47,115792,115793],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,115794,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,115796,115797,115799,115801,115803,115805,115807,115809,115811],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,115798,13732],{"class":53},[47,115800,3296],{"class":83},[47,115802,1514],{"class":586},[47,115804,12951],{"class":83},[47,115806,12954],{"class":87},[47,115808,101],{"class":83},[47,115810,55752],{"class":586},[47,115812,107],{"class":83},[47,115814,115815],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,115816,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,115818,115819,115821,115823,115825,115827],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,115820,98],{"class":97},[47,115822,101],{"class":83},[47,115824,11532],{"class":87},[47,115826,3057],{"class":83},[47,115828,115576],{"class":113},[47,115830,115831,115833,115835,115837,115839],{"class":49,"line":5831},[47,115832,98],{"class":97},[47,115834,101],{"class":83},[47,115836,13732],{"class":87},[47,115838,3057],{"class":83},[47,115840,115694],{"class":113},[20,115842,115843,115844,115846,115847,84],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,115845,115702],{}," does not change ",[15,115848,55856],{},[33,115850,115852],{"id":115851},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,115854,115855],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,115857,115858],{},"Common reasons:",[133,115860,115861,115864,115867,115873],{},[136,115862,115863],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[136,115865,115866],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[136,115868,115869,115870,115872],{},"Assignment with ",[15,115871,58],{}," does not make a copy",[136,115874,115875],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,115877,115878,115879,115881],{},"For example, this does ",[121,115880,123],{}," create a copy:",[38,115883,115885],{"className":40,"code":115884,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,115886,115887,115907,115915,115919,115933,115937,115949],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115888,115889,115891,115893,115895,115897,115899,115901,115903,115905],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115890,11485],{"class":53},[47,115892,58],{"class":57},[47,115894,3017],{"class":83},[47,115896,2377],{"class":586},[47,115898,590],{"class":83},[47,115900,2382],{"class":586},[47,115902,590],{"class":83},[47,115904,1841],{"class":586},[47,115906,3030],{"class":83},[47,115908,115909,115911,115913],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,115910,13713],{"class":53},[47,115912,58],{"class":57},[47,115914,11523],{"class":53},[47,115916,115917],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,115918,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,115920,115921,115923,115925,115927,115929,115931],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,115922,13732],{"class":53},[47,115924,84],{"class":83},[47,115926,12954],{"class":87},[47,115928,101],{"class":83},[47,115930,1896],{"class":586},[47,115932,107],{"class":83},[47,115934,115935],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,115936,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,115938,115939,115941,115943,115945,115947],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,115940,98],{"class":97},[47,115942,101],{"class":83},[47,115944,11532],{"class":87},[47,115946,3057],{"class":83},[47,115948,55106],{"class":113},[47,115950,115951,115953,115955,115957,115959],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,115952,98],{"class":97},[47,115954,101],{"class":83},[47,115956,13732],{"class":87},[47,115958,3057],{"class":83},[47,115960,115961],{"class":113},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,115963,115964],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[33,115966,115968],{"id":115967},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,115970,115971],{},"These three ideas are different.",[724,115973,115975],{"id":115974},"assignment","Assignment",[20,115977,115978],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[38,115980,115982],{"className":40,"code":115981,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,115983,115984,116010,116018,116022],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115985,115986,115988,115990,115992,115994,115996,115998,116000,116002,116004,116006,116008],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115987,11485],{"class":53},[47,115989,58],{"class":57},[47,115991,55699],{"class":83},[47,115993,2377],{"class":586},[47,115995,590],{"class":83},[47,115997,2382],{"class":586},[47,115999,17464],{"class":83},[47,116001,3017],{"class":83},[47,116003,1455],{"class":586},[47,116005,590],{"class":83},[47,116007,1847],{"class":586},[47,116009,52647],{"class":83},[47,116011,116012,116014,116016],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,116013,13504],{"class":53},[47,116015,58],{"class":57},[47,116017,11523],{"class":53},[47,116019,116020],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,116021,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,116023,116024,116026,116028,116030,116032,116034,116036],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,116025,98],{"class":97},[47,116027,101],{"class":83},[47,116029,11485],{"class":87},[47,116031,11593],{"class":655},[47,116033,13572],{"class":87},[47,116035,3057],{"class":83},[47,116037,3060],{"class":113},[20,116039,116040],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[724,116042,116044],{"id":116043},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116046,116047],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[38,116049,116051],{"className":40,"code":116050,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116052,116053,116079,116093,116097,116114],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116054,116055,116057,116059,116061,116063,116065,116067,116069,116071,116073,116075,116077],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116056,11485],{"class":53},[47,116058,58],{"class":57},[47,116060,55699],{"class":83},[47,116062,2377],{"class":586},[47,116064,590],{"class":83},[47,116066,2382],{"class":586},[47,116068,17464],{"class":83},[47,116070,3017],{"class":83},[47,116072,1455],{"class":586},[47,116074,590],{"class":83},[47,116076,1847],{"class":586},[47,116078,52647],{"class":83},[47,116080,116081,116083,116085,116087,116089,116091],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,116082,115330],{"class":53},[47,116084,58],{"class":57},[47,116086,11560],{"class":53},[47,116088,84],{"class":83},[47,116090,12311],{"class":87},[47,116092,91],{"class":83},[47,116094,116095],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,116096,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,116098,116099,116101,116103,116105,116107,116110,116112],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,116100,98],{"class":97},[47,116102,101],{"class":83},[47,116104,11485],{"class":87},[47,116106,11593],{"class":655},[47,116108,116109],{"class":87}," shallow",[47,116111,3057],{"class":83},[47,116113,20602],{"class":113},[47,116115,116116,116118,116120,116122,116124,116126,116128,116130,116132,116134,116136,116138],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,116117,98],{"class":97},[47,116119,101],{"class":83},[47,116121,11532],{"class":87},[47,116123,3296],{"class":83},[47,116125,1514],{"class":586},[47,116127,12674],{"class":83},[47,116129,7495],{"class":655},[47,116131,116109],{"class":87},[47,116133,3296],{"class":83},[47,116135,1514],{"class":586},[47,116137,19848],{"class":83},[47,116139,3060],{"class":113},[724,116141,116143],{"id":116142},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116145,116146],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[38,116148,116150],{"className":40,"code":116149,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116151,116152,116158,116162,116188,116206,116210,116228],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116153,116154,116156],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116155,34494],{"class":655},[47,116157,115295],{"class":53},[47,116159,116160],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,116161,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,116163,116164,116166,116168,116170,116172,116174,116176,116178,116180,116182,116184,116186],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,116165,11485],{"class":53},[47,116167,58],{"class":57},[47,116169,55699],{"class":83},[47,116171,2377],{"class":586},[47,116173,590],{"class":83},[47,116175,2382],{"class":586},[47,116177,17464],{"class":83},[47,116179,3017],{"class":83},[47,116181,1455],{"class":586},[47,116183,590],{"class":83},[47,116185,1847],{"class":586},[47,116187,52647],{"class":83},[47,116189,116190,116192,116194,116196,116198,116200,116202,116204],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,116191,115350],{"class":53},[47,116193,58],{"class":57},[47,116195,115335],{"class":53},[47,116197,84],{"class":83},[47,116199,115359],{"class":87},[47,116201,101],{"class":83},[47,116203,11532],{"class":87},[47,116205,107],{"class":83},[47,116207,116208],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,116209,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,116211,116212,116214,116216,116218,116220,116223,116225],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,116213,98],{"class":97},[47,116215,101],{"class":83},[47,116217,11485],{"class":87},[47,116219,11593],{"class":655},[47,116221,116222],{"class":87}," deep",[47,116224,3057],{"class":83},[47,116226,116227],{"class":113},"         # False\n",[47,116229,116230,116232,116234,116236,116238,116240,116242,116244,116246,116248,116250,116252],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,116231,98],{"class":97},[47,116233,101],{"class":83},[47,116235,11532],{"class":87},[47,116237,3296],{"class":83},[47,116239,1514],{"class":586},[47,116241,12674],{"class":83},[47,116243,7495],{"class":655},[47,116245,116222],{"class":87},[47,116247,3296],{"class":83},[47,116249,1514],{"class":586},[47,116251,19848],{"class":83},[47,116253,43275],{"class":113},[33,116255,116257],{"id":116256},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116259,116260,116261,1032],{},"These all make ",[121,116262,116263],{},"shallow copies",[133,116265,116266,116270,116274,116279,116285],{},[136,116267,116268],{},[15,116269,55006],{},[136,116271,116272],{},[15,116273,11834],{},[136,116275,116276],{},[15,116277,116278],{},"set.copy()",[136,116280,116281,116282],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116283,116284],{},"my_list[:]",[136,116286,116287,116289,116290,34484],{},[15,116288,115437],{}," from the ",[15,116291,12311],{},[20,116293,1520],{},[38,116295,116297],{"className":40,"code":116296,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116298,116299,116319,116323,116337,116348,116352,116364],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116300,116301,116303,116305,116307,116309,116311,116313,116315,116317],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116302,3012],{"class":53},[47,116304,58],{"class":57},[47,116306,3017],{"class":83},[47,116308,2377],{"class":586},[47,116310,590],{"class":83},[47,116312,2382],{"class":586},[47,116314,590],{"class":83},[47,116316,1841],{"class":586},[47,116318,3030],{"class":83},[47,116320,116321],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,116322,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,116324,116325,116327,116329,116331,116333,116335],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,116326,1208],{"class":53},[47,116328,58],{"class":57},[47,116330,3659],{"class":53},[47,116332,84],{"class":83},[47,116334,12311],{"class":87},[47,116336,91],{"class":83},[47,116338,116339,116341,116343,116345],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,116340,1221],{"class":53},[47,116342,58],{"class":57},[47,116344,3659],{"class":53},[47,116346,116347],{"class":83},"[:]\n",[47,116349,116350],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,116351,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,116353,116354,116356,116358,116360,116362],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,116355,98],{"class":97},[47,116357,101],{"class":83},[47,116359,154],{"class":87},[47,116361,3057],{"class":83},[47,116363,54337],{"class":113},[47,116365,116366,116368,116370,116372,116374],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,116367,98],{"class":97},[47,116369,101],{"class":83},[47,116371,4158],{"class":87},[47,116373,3057],{"class":83},[47,116375,54337],{"class":113},[20,116377,72545,116378,46938,116382,84],{},[154,116379,116380,1289],{"href":54365},[15,116381,55006],{},[154,116383,116384,1289],{"href":11831},[15,116385,11834],{},[33,116387,116389],{"id":116388},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116391,116392],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[133,116394,116395,116398,116401],{},[136,116396,116397],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[136,116399,116400],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[136,116402,116403],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,116405,116406],{},"Example with a flat list:",[38,116408,116410],{"className":40,"code":116409,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116411,116412,116432,116446,116450,116464,116468,116480],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116413,116414,116416,116418,116420,116422,116424,116426,116428,116430],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116415,11485],{"class":53},[47,116417,58],{"class":57},[47,116419,3017],{"class":83},[47,116421,2377],{"class":586},[47,116423,590],{"class":83},[47,116425,2382],{"class":586},[47,116427,590],{"class":83},[47,116429,1841],{"class":586},[47,116431,3030],{"class":83},[47,116433,116434,116436,116438,116440,116442,116444],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,116435,13713],{"class":53},[47,116437,58],{"class":57},[47,116439,11560],{"class":53},[47,116441,84],{"class":83},[47,116443,12311],{"class":87},[47,116445,91],{"class":83},[47,116447,116448],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,116449,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,116451,116452,116454,116456,116458,116460,116462],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,116453,13732],{"class":53},[47,116455,84],{"class":83},[47,116457,12954],{"class":87},[47,116459,101],{"class":83},[47,116461,1896],{"class":586},[47,116463,107],{"class":83},[47,116465,116466],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,116467,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,116469,116470,116472,116474,116476,116478],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,116471,98],{"class":97},[47,116473,101],{"class":83},[47,116475,11532],{"class":87},[47,116477,3057],{"class":83},[47,116479,54337],{"class":113},[47,116481,116482,116484,116486,116488,116490],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,116483,98],{"class":97},[47,116485,101],{"class":83},[47,116487,13732],{"class":87},[47,116489,3057],{"class":83},[47,116491,115961],{"class":113},[20,116493,116494],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,116496,116497,116498,84],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[154,116499,14290],{"href":56625},[33,116501,116503],{"id":116502},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,116505,116506],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[133,116508,116509,116512,116515],{},[136,116510,116511],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[136,116513,116514],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[136,116516,116517],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,116519,116520],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[38,116522,116524],{"className":40,"code":116523,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,116525,116526,116532,116536,116562,116576,116594,116598,116620,116624,116637,116650],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116527,116528,116530],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116529,34494],{"class":655},[47,116531,115295],{"class":53},[47,116533,116534],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,116535,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,116537,116538,116540,116542,116544,116546,116548,116550,116552,116554,116556,116558,116560],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,116539,11485],{"class":53},[47,116541,58],{"class":57},[47,116543,9890],{"class":83},[47,116545,253],{"class":61},[47,116547,15792],{"class":65},[47,116549,253],{"class":61},[47,116551,1032],{"class":83},[47,116553,3017],{"class":83},[47,116555,1719],{"class":586},[47,116557,590],{"class":83},[47,116559,7189],{"class":586},[47,116561,13107],{"class":83},[47,116563,116564,116566,116568,116570,116572,116574],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,116565,115330],{"class":53},[47,116567,58],{"class":57},[47,116569,11560],{"class":53},[47,116571,84],{"class":83},[47,116573,12311],{"class":87},[47,116575,91],{"class":83},[47,116577,116578,116580,116582,116584,116586,116588,116590,116592],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,116579,115350],{"class":53},[47,116581,58],{"class":57},[47,116583,115335],{"class":53},[47,116585,84],{"class":83},[47,116587,115359],{"class":87},[47,116589,101],{"class":83},[47,116591,11532],{"class":87},[47,116593,107],{"class":83},[47,116595,116596],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,116597,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,116599,116600,116602,116604,116606,116608,116610,116612,116614,116616,116618],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,116601,11532],{"class":53},[47,116603,3296],{"class":83},[47,116605,253],{"class":61},[47,116607,15792],{"class":65},[47,116609,253],{"class":61},[47,116611,12951],{"class":83},[47,116613,12954],{"class":87},[47,116615,101],{"class":83},[47,116617,36246],{"class":586},[47,116619,107],{"class":83},[47,116621,116622],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,116623,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,116625,116626,116628,116630,116632,116634],{"class":49,"line":5831},[47,116627,98],{"class":97},[47,116629,101],{"class":83},[47,116631,11532],{"class":87},[47,116633,3057],{"class":83},[47,116635,116636],{"class":113},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[47,116638,116639,116641,116643,116645,116647],{"class":49,"line":5836},[47,116640,98],{"class":97},[47,116642,101],{"class":83},[47,116644,115413],{"class":87},[47,116646,3057],{"class":83},[47,116648,116649],{"class":113},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[47,116651,116652,116654,116656,116658,116660],{"class":49,"line":10993},[47,116653,98],{"class":97},[47,116655,101],{"class":83},[47,116657,115427],{"class":87},[47,116659,3057],{"class":83},[47,116661,116662],{"class":113},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,116664,116665],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[33,116667,116669],{"id":116668},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,116671,116672],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[133,116674,116675,116678,116681,116684],{},[136,116676,116677],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[136,116679,116680],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[136,116682,116683],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[136,116685,116686],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,116688,116689],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[38,116691,116693],{"className":40,"code":116692,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,116694,116695,116703,116711,116715,116723,116727,116739],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116696,116697,116699,116701],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116698,1208],{"class":53},[47,116700,58],{"class":57},[47,116702,1976],{"class":586},[47,116704,116705,116707,116709],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,116706,1221],{"class":53},[47,116708,58],{"class":57},[47,116710,35579],{"class":53},[47,116712,116713],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,116714,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,116716,116717,116719,116721],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,116718,1221],{"class":53},[47,116720,58],{"class":57},[47,116722,14016],{"class":586},[47,116724,116725],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,116726,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,116728,116729,116731,116733,116735,116737],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,116730,98],{"class":97},[47,116732,101],{"class":83},[47,116734,154],{"class":87},[47,116736,3057],{"class":83},[47,116738,26199],{"class":113},[47,116740,116741,116743,116745,116747,116749],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,116742,98],{"class":97},[47,116744,101],{"class":83},[47,116746,4158],{"class":87},[47,116748,3057],{"class":83},[47,116750,27020],{"class":113},[20,116752,92913,116753,116756],{},[154,116754,116755],{"href":11464},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[33,116758,722],{"id":721},[20,116760,116761],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[133,116763,116764,116768,116773,116778,116781],{},[136,116765,7816,116766,56189],{},[15,116767,58],{},[136,116769,7816,116770,116772],{},[15,116771,55006],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[136,116774,7816,116775,116777],{},[15,116776,11834],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[136,116779,116780],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[136,116782,116783],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,116785,116786],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[38,116788,116790],{"className":40,"code":116789,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,116791,116792,116806,116820,116842,116873],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116793,116794,116796,116798,116800,116802,116804],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116795,98],{"class":97},[47,116797,101],{"class":83},[47,116799,11485],{"class":87},[47,116801,11593],{"class":655},[47,116803,13786],{"class":87},[47,116805,107],{"class":83},[47,116807,116808,116810,116812,116814,116816,116818],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,116809,98],{"class":97},[47,116811,101],{"class":83},[47,116813,11485],{"class":87},[47,116815,4085],{"class":57},[47,116817,13786],{"class":87},[47,116819,107],{"class":83},[47,116821,116822,116824,116826,116828,116830,116832,116834,116836,116838,116840],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,116823,98],{"class":97},[47,116825,101],{"class":83},[47,116827,12049],{"class":97},[47,116829,101],{"class":83},[47,116831,11532],{"class":87},[47,116833,8631],{"class":83},[47,116835,14218],{"class":97},[47,116837,101],{"class":83},[47,116839,13732],{"class":87},[47,116841,1419],{"class":83},[47,116843,116844,116846,116848,116850,116852,116854,116856,116858,116861,116863,116865,116867,116869,116871],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,116845,98],{"class":97},[47,116847,101],{"class":83},[47,116849,12049],{"class":97},[47,116851,101],{"class":83},[47,116853,11532],{"class":87},[47,116855,3296],{"class":83},[47,116857,1514],{"class":586},[47,116859,116860],{"class":83},"]),",[47,116862,14218],{"class":97},[47,116864,101],{"class":83},[47,116866,13732],{"class":87},[47,116868,3296],{"class":83},[47,116870,1514],{"class":586},[47,116872,2389],{"class":83},[47,116874,116875,116877,116879,116881,116883,116885],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,116876,98],{"class":97},[47,116878,101],{"class":83},[47,116880,2613],{"class":919},[47,116882,101],{"class":83},[47,116884,11532],{"class":87},[47,116886,1419],{"class":83},[20,116888,116889],{},"What they tell you:",[133,116891,116892,116897,116902,116907,116917],{},[136,116893,116894,116896],{},[15,116895,11593],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[136,116898,116899,116901],{},[15,116900,4085],{}," checks whether values are equal",[136,116903,116904,116906],{},[15,116905,42891],{}," shows the identity of an object",[136,116908,116909,116910,1063,116913,116916],{},"comparing ",[15,116911,116912],{},"id(original[0])",[15,116914,116915],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[136,116918,116919,116921],{},[15,116920,1690],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[33,116923,1155],{"id":1154},[724,116925,116927],{"id":116926},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,116929,116930],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[724,116932,56675],{"id":56590},[20,116934,116935],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[724,116937,116939],{"id":116938},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,116941,116942],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[724,116944,116946],{"id":116945},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,116948,116949],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[724,116951,116953],{"id":116952},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,116955,116956],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[33,116958,1275],{"id":1274},[133,116960,116961,116966,116972,116978,116982],{},[136,116962,116963],{},[154,116964,116965],{"href":11464},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[136,116967,116968],{},[154,116969,2968,116970,1289],{"href":54365},[15,116971,55006],{},[136,116973,116974],{},[154,116975,2968,116976,1289],{"href":11831},[15,116977,11834],{},[136,116979,116980],{},[154,116981,14367],{"href":56625},[136,116983,116984],{},[154,116985,116986],{"href":57900},"What is a list in Python?",[1320,116988,116989],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":116991},[116992,116993,116994,116995,116996,116997,117002,117003,117004,117005,117006,117007,117014],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":115447,"depth":72,"text":115448},{"id":115468,"depth":72,"text":115469},{"id":115711,"depth":72,"text":115712},{"id":115851,"depth":72,"text":115852},{"id":115967,"depth":72,"text":115968,"children":116998},[116999,117000,117001],{"id":115974,"depth":94,"text":115975},{"id":116043,"depth":94,"text":116044},{"id":116142,"depth":94,"text":116143},{"id":116256,"depth":72,"text":116257},{"id":116388,"depth":72,"text":116389},{"id":116502,"depth":72,"text":116503},{"id":116668,"depth":72,"text":116669},{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":117008},[117009,117010,117011,117012,117013],{"id":116926,"depth":94,"text":116927},{"id":56590,"depth":94,"text":56675},{"id":116938,"depth":94,"text":116939},{"id":116945,"depth":94,"text":116946},{"id":116952,"depth":94,"text":116953},{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115248,"description":117015},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117021,"title":117022,"body":117023,"description":118880,"extension":1354,"meta":118881,"navigation":311,"path":118882,"seo":118883,"stem":118884,"__hash__":118885},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117024,"toc":118838},[117025,117030,117035,117043,117045,117113,117118,117123,117138,117141,117143,117174,117176,117196,117199,117214,117216,117219,117292,117294,117339,117341,117352,117357,117361,117366,117369,117408,117410,117430,117433,117490,117492,117527,117530,117569,117571,117591,117594,117625,117627,117683,117685,117690,117761,117763,117796,117801,117806,117871,117873,117910,117913,117990,117992,118052,118059,118064,118067,118070,118151,118153,118194,118199,118202,118280,118282,118315,118324,118331,118334,118345,118348,118359,118363,118371,118380,118384,118389,118393,118398,118441,118444,118450,118453,118455,118502,118507,118511,118514,118563,118565,118586,118589,118591,118616,118619,118740,118745,118747,118752,118755,118760,118763,118771,118776,118783,118786,118794,118797,118799,118835],[10,117026,2968,117028,2972],{"id":117027},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117029,73829],{},[20,117031,117032,117034],{},[15,117033,73829],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117036,117037,117038,712,117040,117042],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117039,77272],{},[15,117041,73829],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[33,117044,3002],{"id":3001},[38,117046,117048],{"className":40,"code":117047,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117049,117050,117070,117084,117088,117100],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117051,117052,117054,117056,117058,117060,117062,117064,117066,117068],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117053,3012],{"class":53},[47,117055,58],{"class":57},[47,117057,3017],{"class":83},[47,117059,1455],{"class":586},[47,117061,590],{"class":83},[47,117063,4898],{"class":586},[47,117065,590],{"class":83},[47,117067,2382],{"class":586},[47,117069,3030],{"class":83},[47,117071,117072,117074,117076,117078,117080,117082],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,117073,75],{"class":53},[47,117075,58],{"class":57},[47,117077,73963],{"class":97},[47,117079,101],{"class":83},[47,117081,3044],{"class":87},[47,117083,107],{"class":83},[47,117085,117086],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,117087,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,117089,117090,117092,117094,117096,117098],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,117091,98],{"class":97},[47,117093,101],{"class":83},[47,117095,104],{"class":87},[47,117097,3057],{"class":83},[47,117099,55093],{"class":113},[47,117101,117102,117104,117106,117108,117110],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,117103,98],{"class":97},[47,117105,101],{"class":83},[47,117107,3044],{"class":87},[47,117109,3057],{"class":83},[47,117111,117112],{"class":113},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117114,117115,117117],{},[15,117116,73829],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[33,117119,128,117121,131],{"id":117120},"what-sorted-does",[15,117122,73829],{},[133,117124,117125,117129,117132,117135],{},[136,117126,117127,62331],{},[15,117128,73829],{},[136,117130,117131],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[136,117133,117134],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[136,117136,117137],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117139,117140],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[33,117142,166],{"id":165},[38,117144,117146],{"className":40,"code":117145,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117147,117148],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117149,117150,117152,117154,117156,117158,117160,117162,117164,117166,117168,117170,117172],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117151,73919],{"class":97},[47,117153,101],{"class":83},[47,117155,3116],{"class":87},[47,117157,590],{"class":83},[47,117159,20981],{"class":8573},[47,117161,58],{"class":57},[47,117163,3174],{"class":1271},[47,117165,590],{"class":83},[47,117167,77475],{"class":8573},[47,117169,58],{"class":57},[47,117171,3070],{"class":1271},[47,117173,107],{"class":83},[724,117175,16797],{"id":16796},[133,117177,117178,117183,117188],{},[136,117179,117180,117182],{},[15,117181,3116],{},": the values to sort",[136,117184,117185,117187],{},[15,117186,14243],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[136,117189,117190,117192,117193,117195],{},[15,117191,72982],{},": set to ",[15,117194,2997],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117197,117198],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[38,117200,117202],{"className":40,"code":117201,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117203,117204],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117205,117206,117208,117210,117212],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117207,73919],{"class":97},[47,117209,101],{"class":83},[47,117211,59714],{"class":87},[47,117213,107],{"class":83},[33,117215,268],{"id":267},[20,117217,117218],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[38,117220,117222],{"className":40,"code":117221,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117223,117224,117248,117252,117267,117271,117282],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117225,117226,117228,117230,117232,117234,117236,117238,117240,117242,117244,117246],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117227,3012],{"class":53},[47,117229,58],{"class":57},[47,117231,3017],{"class":83},[47,117233,1531],{"class":586},[47,117235,590],{"class":83},[47,117237,2382],{"class":586},[47,117239,590],{"class":83},[47,117241,5760],{"class":586},[47,117243,590],{"class":83},[47,117245,4898],{"class":586},[47,117247,3030],{"class":83},[47,117249,117250],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,117251,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,117253,117254,117257,117259,117261,117263,117265],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,117255,117256],{"class":53},"sorted_numbers ",[47,117258,58],{"class":57},[47,117260,73963],{"class":97},[47,117262,101],{"class":83},[47,117264,3044],{"class":87},[47,117266,107],{"class":83},[47,117268,117269],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,117270,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,117272,117273,117275,117277,117280],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,117274,98],{"class":97},[47,117276,101],{"class":83},[47,117278,117279],{"class":87},"sorted_numbers",[47,117281,107],{"class":83},[47,117283,117284,117286,117288,117290],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,117285,98],{"class":97},[47,117287,101],{"class":83},[47,117289,3044],{"class":87},[47,117291,107],{"class":83},[20,117293,338],{},[38,117295,117297],{"className":40,"code":117296,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117298,117299,117319],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117300,117301,117303,117305,117307,117309,117311,117313,117315,117317],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117302,3296],{"class":83},[47,117304,2377],{"class":586},[47,117306,590],{"class":83},[47,117308,2382],{"class":586},[47,117310,590],{"class":83},[47,117312,4002],{"class":586},[47,117314,590],{"class":83},[47,117316,5760],{"class":586},[47,117318,3030],{"class":83},[47,117320,117321,117323,117325,117327,117329,117331,117333,117335,117337],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,117322,3296],{"class":83},[47,117324,1531],{"class":586},[47,117326,590],{"class":83},[47,117328,2382],{"class":586},[47,117330,590],{"class":83},[47,117332,5760],{"class":586},[47,117334,590],{"class":83},[47,117336,4898],{"class":586},[47,117338,3030],{"class":83},[20,117340,13164],{},[133,117342,117343,117348],{},[136,117344,117345,117347],{},[15,117346,117279],{}," is a new sorted list",[136,117349,117350,111884],{},[15,117351,3044],{},[20,117353,117354,117355,84],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[154,117356,77782],{"href":77781},[33,117358,117360],{"id":117359},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117362,117363,117365],{},[15,117364,73829],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[724,117367,117368],{"id":7492},"List",[38,117370,117372],{"className":40,"code":117371,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117373,117374,117394],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117375,117376,117378,117380,117382,117384,117386,117388,117390,117392],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117377,3012],{"class":53},[47,117379,58],{"class":57},[47,117381,3017],{"class":83},[47,117383,1455],{"class":586},[47,117385,590],{"class":83},[47,117387,4898],{"class":586},[47,117389,590],{"class":83},[47,117391,2382],{"class":586},[47,117393,3030],{"class":83},[47,117395,117396,117398,117400,117402,117404,117406],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,117397,98],{"class":97},[47,117399,101],{"class":83},[47,117401,73919],{"class":97},[47,117403,101],{"class":83},[47,117405,3044],{"class":87},[47,117407,1419],{"class":83},[20,117409,338],{},[38,117411,117412],{"className":40,"code":54555,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,117413,117414],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117415,117416,117418,117420,117422,117424,117426,117428],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117417,3296],{"class":83},[47,117419,2377],{"class":586},[47,117421,590],{"class":83},[47,117423,2382],{"class":586},[47,117425,590],{"class":83},[47,117427,1841],{"class":586},[47,117429,3030],{"class":83},[724,117431,117432],{"id":48357},"Tuple",[38,117434,117436],{"className":40,"code":117435,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,117437,117438,117458,117472],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117439,117440,117442,117444,117446,117448,117450,117452,117454,117456],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117441,3219],{"class":53},[47,117443,58],{"class":57},[47,117445,8634],{"class":83},[47,117447,1455],{"class":586},[47,117449,590],{"class":83},[47,117451,4898],{"class":586},[47,117453,590],{"class":83},[47,117455,2382],{"class":586},[47,117457,107],{"class":83},[47,117459,117460,117462,117464,117466,117468,117470],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,117461,98],{"class":97},[47,117463,101],{"class":83},[47,117465,73919],{"class":97},[47,117467,101],{"class":83},[47,117469,4758],{"class":87},[47,117471,1419],{"class":83},[47,117473,117474,117476,117478,117480,117482,117484,117486,117488],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,117475,98],{"class":97},[47,117477,101],{"class":83},[47,117479,2613],{"class":919},[47,117481,101],{"class":83},[47,117483,73919],{"class":97},[47,117485,101],{"class":83},[47,117487,4758],{"class":87},[47,117489,2300],{"class":83},[20,117491,338],{},[38,117493,117495],{"className":40,"code":117494,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,117496,117497,117513],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117498,117499,117501,117503,117505,117507,117509,117511],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117500,3296],{"class":83},[47,117502,2377],{"class":586},[47,117504,590],{"class":83},[47,117506,2382],{"class":586},[47,117508,590],{"class":83},[47,117510,1841],{"class":586},[47,117512,3030],{"class":83},[47,117514,117515,117517,117519,117521,117523,117525],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,117516,2682],{"class":57},[47,117518,2685],{"class":1458},[47,117520,2688],{"class":61},[47,117522,7492],{"class":65},[47,117524,2693],{"class":61},[47,117526,2696],{"class":57},[724,117528,117529],{"id":5687},"Set",[38,117531,117533],{"className":40,"code":117532,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,117534,117535,117555],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117536,117537,117539,117541,117543,117545,117547,117549,117551,117553],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117538,3219],{"class":53},[47,117540,58],{"class":57},[47,117542,9890],{"class":83},[47,117544,1455],{"class":586},[47,117546,590],{"class":83},[47,117548,4898],{"class":586},[47,117550,590],{"class":83},[47,117552,2382],{"class":586},[47,117554,8707],{"class":83},[47,117556,117557,117559,117561,117563,117565,117567],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,117558,98],{"class":97},[47,117560,101],{"class":83},[47,117562,73919],{"class":97},[47,117564,101],{"class":83},[47,117566,4758],{"class":87},[47,117568,1419],{"class":83},[20,117570,338],{},[38,117572,117573],{"className":40,"code":54555,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,117574,117575],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117576,117577,117579,117581,117583,117585,117587,117589],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117578,3296],{"class":83},[47,117580,2377],{"class":586},[47,117582,590],{"class":83},[47,117584,2382],{"class":586},[47,117586,590],{"class":83},[47,117588,1841],{"class":586},[47,117590,3030],{"class":83},[724,117592,117593],{"id":179},"String",[38,117595,117597],{"className":40,"code":117596,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,117598,117599,117611],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117600,117601,117603,117605,117607,117609],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117602,54],{"class":53},[47,117604,58],{"class":57},[47,117606,62],{"class":61},[47,117608,42],{"class":65},[47,117610,69],{"class":61},[47,117612,117613,117615,117617,117619,117621,117623],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,117614,98],{"class":97},[47,117616,101],{"class":83},[47,117618,73919],{"class":97},[47,117620,101],{"class":83},[47,117622,565],{"class":87},[47,117624,1419],{"class":83},[20,117626,338],{},[38,117628,117629],{"className":40,"code":78799,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,117630,117631],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117632,117633,117635,117637,117639,117641,117643,117645,117647,117649,117651,117653,117655,117657,117659,117661,117663,117665,117667,117669,117671,117673,117675,117677,117679,117681],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117634,3296],{"class":83},[47,117636,2693],{"class":61},[47,117638,59844],{"class":65},[47,117640,2693],{"class":61},[47,117642,590],{"class":83},[47,117644,2688],{"class":61},[47,117646,75435],{"class":65},[47,117648,2693],{"class":61},[47,117650,590],{"class":83},[47,117652,2688],{"class":61},[47,117654,59879],{"class":65},[47,117656,2693],{"class":61},[47,117658,590],{"class":83},[47,117660,2688],{"class":61},[47,117662,20],{"class":65},[47,117664,2693],{"class":61},[47,117666,590],{"class":83},[47,117668,2688],{"class":61},[47,117670,62692],{"class":65},[47,117672,2693],{"class":61},[47,117674,590],{"class":83},[47,117676,2688],{"class":61},[47,117678,11144],{"class":65},[47,117680,2693],{"class":61},[47,117682,3030],{"class":83},[724,117684,28627],{"id":15007},[20,117686,62945,117687,117689],{},[15,117688,73829],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[38,117691,117693],{"className":40,"code":117692,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,117694,117695,117747],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117696,117697,117699,117701,117703,117705,117707,117709,117711,117713,117715,117717,117719,117721,117723,117725,117727,117729,117731,117733,117735,117737,117739,117741,117743,117745],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117698,12605],{"class":53},[47,117700,58],{"class":57},[47,117702,9890],{"class":83},[47,117704,253],{"class":61},[47,117706,229],{"class":65},[47,117708,253],{"class":61},[47,117710,1032],{"class":83},[47,117712,62],{"class":61},[47,117714,12280],{"class":65},[47,117716,253],{"class":61},[47,117718,590],{"class":83},[47,117720,62],{"class":61},[47,117722,8697],{"class":65},[47,117724,253],{"class":61},[47,117726,1032],{"class":83},[47,117728,7189],{"class":586},[47,117730,590],{"class":83},[47,117732,62],{"class":61},[47,117734,9808],{"class":65},[47,117736,253],{"class":61},[47,117738,1032],{"class":83},[47,117740,62],{"class":61},[47,117742,15434],{"class":65},[47,117744,253],{"class":61},[47,117746,8707],{"class":83},[47,117748,117749,117751,117753,117755,117757,117759],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,117750,98],{"class":97},[47,117752,101],{"class":83},[47,117754,73919],{"class":97},[47,117756,101],{"class":83},[47,117758,16709],{"class":87},[47,117760,1419],{"class":83},[20,117762,338],{},[38,117764,117766],{"className":40,"code":117765,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,117767,117768],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117769,117770,117772,117774,117776,117778,117780,117782,117784,117786,117788,117790,117792,117794],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117771,3296],{"class":83},[47,117773,2693],{"class":61},[47,117775,8697],{"class":65},[47,117777,2693],{"class":61},[47,117779,590],{"class":83},[47,117781,2688],{"class":61},[47,117783,9808],{"class":65},[47,117785,2693],{"class":61},[47,117787,590],{"class":83},[47,117789,2688],{"class":61},[47,117791,229],{"class":65},[47,117793,2693],{"class":61},[47,117795,3030],{"class":83},[33,117797,7816,117799],{"id":117798},"using-reversetrue",[15,117800,77496],{},[20,117802,1486,117803,117805],{},[15,117804,77496],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[38,117807,117809],{"className":40,"code":117808,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,117810,117811,117831,117835,117849],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117812,117813,117815,117817,117819,117821,117823,117825,117827,117829],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117814,3012],{"class":53},[47,117816,58],{"class":57},[47,117818,3017],{"class":83},[47,117820,1455],{"class":586},[47,117822,590],{"class":83},[47,117824,4898],{"class":586},[47,117826,590],{"class":83},[47,117828,2382],{"class":586},[47,117830,3030],{"class":83},[47,117832,117833],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,117834,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,117836,117837,117839,117841,117843,117845,117847],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,117838,98],{"class":97},[47,117840,101],{"class":83},[47,117842,73919],{"class":97},[47,117844,101],{"class":83},[47,117846,3044],{"class":87},[47,117848,1419],{"class":83},[47,117850,117851,117853,117855,117857,117859,117861,117863,117865,117867,117869],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,117852,98],{"class":97},[47,117854,101],{"class":83},[47,117856,73919],{"class":97},[47,117858,101],{"class":83},[47,117860,3044],{"class":87},[47,117862,590],{"class":83},[47,117864,77475],{"class":8573},[47,117866,58],{"class":57},[47,117868,2997],{"class":1271},[47,117870,1419],{"class":83},[20,117872,338],{},[38,117874,117876],{"className":40,"code":117875,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,117877,117878,117894],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117879,117880,117882,117884,117886,117888,117890,117892],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117881,3296],{"class":83},[47,117883,2377],{"class":586},[47,117885,590],{"class":83},[47,117887,2382],{"class":586},[47,117889,590],{"class":83},[47,117891,1841],{"class":586},[47,117893,3030],{"class":83},[47,117895,117896,117898,117900,117902,117904,117906,117908],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,117897,3296],{"class":83},[47,117899,1455],{"class":586},[47,117901,590],{"class":83},[47,117903,2382],{"class":586},[47,117905,590],{"class":83},[47,117907,4898],{"class":586},[47,117909,3030],{"class":83},[20,117911,117912],{},"This also works with strings:",[38,117914,117916],{"className":40,"code":117915,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,117917,117918,117950,117954,117968],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117919,117920,117922,117924,117926,117928,117930,117932,117934,117936,117938,117940,117942,117944,117946,117948],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117921,3466],{"class":53},[47,117923,58],{"class":57},[47,117925,3017],{"class":83},[47,117927,253],{"class":61},[47,117929,3475],{"class":65},[47,117931,253],{"class":61},[47,117933,590],{"class":83},[47,117935,62],{"class":61},[47,117937,288],{"class":65},[47,117939,253],{"class":61},[47,117941,590],{"class":83},[47,117943,62],{"class":61},[47,117945,3492],{"class":65},[47,117947,253],{"class":61},[47,117949,3030],{"class":83},[47,117951,117952],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,117953,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,117955,117956,117958,117960,117962,117964,117966],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,117957,98],{"class":97},[47,117959,101],{"class":83},[47,117961,73919],{"class":97},[47,117963,101],{"class":83},[47,117965,3509],{"class":87},[47,117967,1419],{"class":83},[47,117969,117970,117972,117974,117976,117978,117980,117982,117984,117986,117988],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,117971,98],{"class":97},[47,117973,101],{"class":83},[47,117975,73919],{"class":97},[47,117977,101],{"class":83},[47,117979,3509],{"class":87},[47,117981,590],{"class":83},[47,117983,77475],{"class":8573},[47,117985,58],{"class":57},[47,117987,2997],{"class":1271},[47,117989,1419],{"class":83},[20,117991,338],{},[38,117993,117994],{"className":40,"code":73563,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,117995,117996,118024],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117997,117998,118000,118002,118004,118006,118008,118010,118012,118014,118016,118018,118020,118022],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117999,3296],{"class":83},[47,118001,2693],{"class":61},[47,118003,3475],{"class":65},[47,118005,2693],{"class":61},[47,118007,590],{"class":83},[47,118009,2688],{"class":61},[47,118011,288],{"class":65},[47,118013,2693],{"class":61},[47,118015,590],{"class":83},[47,118017,2688],{"class":61},[47,118019,3492],{"class":65},[47,118021,2693],{"class":61},[47,118023,3030],{"class":83},[47,118025,118026,118028,118030,118032,118034,118036,118038,118040,118042,118044,118046,118048,118050],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,118027,3296],{"class":83},[47,118029,2693],{"class":61},[47,118031,3492],{"class":65},[47,118033,2693],{"class":61},[47,118035,590],{"class":83},[47,118037,2688],{"class":61},[47,118039,288],{"class":65},[47,118041,2693],{"class":61},[47,118043,590],{"class":83},[47,118045,2688],{"class":61},[47,118047,3475],{"class":65},[47,118049,2693],{"class":61},[47,118051,3030],{"class":83},[33,118053,7816,118055,118058],{"id":118054},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118056,118057],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118060,1371,118061,118063],{},[15,118062,118057],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118065,118066],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118068,118069],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[38,118071,118073],{"className":40,"code":118072,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118074,118075,118115,118119,118141],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118076,118077,118079,118081,118083,118085,118087,118089,118091,118093,118095,118097,118099,118101,118103,118105,118107,118109,118111,118113],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118078,3466],{"class":53},[47,118080,58],{"class":57},[47,118082,3017],{"class":83},[47,118084,253],{"class":61},[47,118086,78149],{"class":65},[47,118088,253],{"class":61},[47,118090,590],{"class":83},[47,118092,62],{"class":61},[47,118094,37763],{"class":65},[47,118096,253],{"class":61},[47,118098,590],{"class":83},[47,118100,62],{"class":61},[47,118102,288],{"class":65},[47,118104,253],{"class":61},[47,118106,590],{"class":83},[47,118108,62],{"class":61},[47,118110,37746],{"class":65},[47,118112,253],{"class":61},[47,118114,3030],{"class":83},[47,118116,118117],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,118118,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,118120,118121,118123,118125,118127,118129,118131,118133,118135,118137,118139],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,118122,75],{"class":53},[47,118124,58],{"class":57},[47,118126,73963],{"class":97},[47,118128,101],{"class":83},[47,118130,3509],{"class":87},[47,118132,590],{"class":83},[47,118134,20981],{"class":8573},[47,118136,58],{"class":57},[47,118138,10562],{"class":97},[47,118140,107],{"class":83},[47,118142,118143,118145,118147,118149],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,118144,98],{"class":97},[47,118146,101],{"class":83},[47,118148,104],{"class":87},[47,118150,107],{"class":83},[20,118152,338],{},[38,118154,118156],{"className":40,"code":118155,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118157,118158],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118159,118160,118162,118164,118166,118168,118170,118172,118174,118176,118178,118180,118182,118184,118186,118188,118190,118192],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118161,3296],{"class":83},[47,118163,2693],{"class":61},[47,118165,37763],{"class":65},[47,118167,2693],{"class":61},[47,118169,590],{"class":83},[47,118171,2688],{"class":61},[47,118173,78149],{"class":65},[47,118175,2693],{"class":61},[47,118177,590],{"class":83},[47,118179,2688],{"class":61},[47,118181,37746],{"class":65},[47,118183,2693],{"class":61},[47,118185,590],{"class":83},[47,118187,2688],{"class":61},[47,118189,288],{"class":65},[47,118191,2693],{"class":61},[47,118193,3030],{"class":83},[20,118195,20173,118196,118198],{},[15,118197,10562],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118200,118201],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[38,118203,118205],{"className":40,"code":118204,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118206,118207,118240,118244,118270],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118208,118209,118211,118213,118215,118217,118219,118221,118223,118225,118227,118229,118231,118233,118236,118238],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118210,3466],{"class":53},[47,118212,58],{"class":57},[47,118214,3017],{"class":83},[47,118216,253],{"class":61},[47,118218,82768],{"class":65},[47,118220,253],{"class":61},[47,118222,590],{"class":83},[47,118224,62],{"class":61},[47,118226,3475],{"class":65},[47,118228,253],{"class":61},[47,118230,590],{"class":83},[47,118232,62],{"class":61},[47,118234,118235],{"class":65},"Cherry",[47,118237,253],{"class":61},[47,118239,3030],{"class":83},[47,118241,118242],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,118243,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,118245,118246,118248,118250,118252,118254,118256,118258,118260,118262,118264,118266,118268],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,118247,75],{"class":53},[47,118249,58],{"class":57},[47,118251,73963],{"class":97},[47,118253,101],{"class":83},[47,118255,3509],{"class":87},[47,118257,590],{"class":83},[47,118259,20981],{"class":8573},[47,118261,58],{"class":57},[47,118263,920],{"class":919},[47,118265,84],{"class":83},[47,118267,8038],{"class":24153},[47,118269,107],{"class":83},[47,118271,118272,118274,118276,118278],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,118273,98],{"class":97},[47,118275,101],{"class":83},[47,118277,104],{"class":87},[47,118279,107],{"class":83},[20,118281,338],{},[38,118283,118285],{"className":40,"code":118284,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118286,118287],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118288,118289,118291,118293,118295,118297,118299,118301,118303,118305,118307,118309,118311,118313],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118290,3296],{"class":83},[47,118292,2693],{"class":61},[47,118294,3475],{"class":65},[47,118296,2693],{"class":61},[47,118298,590],{"class":83},[47,118300,2688],{"class":61},[47,118302,82768],{"class":65},[47,118304,2693],{"class":61},[47,118306,590],{"class":83},[47,118308,2688],{"class":61},[47,118310,118235],{"class":65},[47,118312,2693],{"class":61},[47,118314,3030],{"class":83},[20,118316,118317,118318,34733,118320,84],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118319,41764],{},[154,118321,2968,118322,2901],{"href":41761},[15,118323,41764],{},[33,118325,118327,9985,118329],{"id":118326},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118328,73829],{},[15,118330,77272],{},[20,118332,118333],{},"The main difference is this:",[133,118335,118336,118341],{},[136,118337,118338,118340],{},[15,118339,73829],{}," returns a new list",[136,118342,118343,73367],{},[15,118344,77272],{},[20,118346,118347],{},"Also:",[133,118349,118350,118355],{},[136,118351,118352,118354],{},[15,118353,73829],{}," works with many iterables",[136,118356,118357,78705],{},[15,118358,77272],{},[20,118360,1486,118361,10001],{},[15,118362,73829],{},[133,118364,118365,118368],{},[136,118366,118367],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[136,118369,118370],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118372,118373,118374,84],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[154,118375,2968,118376,9985,118378,5184],{"href":78530},[15,118377,73829],{},[15,118379,77272],{},[33,118381,118383],{"id":118382},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118385,118386,118387,84],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118388,73829],{},[724,118390,118392],{"id":118391},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118394,118395,118396,1032],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118397,2395],{},[38,118399,118401],{"className":40,"code":118400,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118402,118403,118427],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118404,118405,118407,118409,118411,118413,118415,118417,118419,118421,118423,118425],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118406,3219],{"class":53},[47,118408,58],{"class":57},[47,118410,3017],{"class":83},[47,118412,2377],{"class":586},[47,118414,590],{"class":83},[47,118416,62],{"class":61},[47,118418,1449],{"class":65},[47,118420,253],{"class":61},[47,118422,590],{"class":83},[47,118424,1841],{"class":586},[47,118426,3030],{"class":83},[47,118428,118429,118431,118433,118435,118437,118439],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,118430,98],{"class":97},[47,118432,101],{"class":83},[47,118434,73919],{"class":97},[47,118436,101],{"class":83},[47,118438,4758],{"class":87},[47,118440,1419],{"class":83},[20,118442,118443],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[724,118445,118447,118448,1691],{"id":118446},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,118449,14243],{},[20,118451,118452],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,118454,538],{},[38,118456,118458],{"className":40,"code":118457,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,118459,118460,118480],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118461,118462,118464,118466,118468,118470,118472,118474,118476,118478],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118463,3012],{"class":53},[47,118465,58],{"class":57},[47,118467,3017],{"class":83},[47,118469,1719],{"class":586},[47,118471,590],{"class":83},[47,118473,2382],{"class":586},[47,118475,590],{"class":83},[47,118477,7194],{"class":586},[47,118479,3030],{"class":83},[47,118481,118482,118484,118486,118488,118490,118492,118494,118496,118498,118500],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,118483,98],{"class":97},[47,118485,101],{"class":83},[47,118487,73919],{"class":97},[47,118489,101],{"class":83},[47,118491,3044],{"class":87},[47,118493,590],{"class":83},[47,118495,20981],{"class":8573},[47,118497,58],{"class":57},[47,118499,10562],{"class":97},[47,118501,1419],{"class":83},[20,118503,47914,118504,118506],{},[15,118505,41764],{}," does not work on integers.",[724,118508,118510],{"id":118509},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,118512,118513],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[38,118515,118517],{"className":40,"code":118516,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118518,118519,118539,118549,118553],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118520,118521,118523,118525,118527,118529,118531,118533,118535,118537],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118522,3012],{"class":53},[47,118524,58],{"class":57},[47,118526,3017],{"class":83},[47,118528,1455],{"class":586},[47,118530,590],{"class":83},[47,118532,4898],{"class":586},[47,118534,590],{"class":83},[47,118536,2382],{"class":586},[47,118538,3030],{"class":83},[47,118540,118541,118543,118545,118547],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,118542,73919],{"class":97},[47,118544,101],{"class":83},[47,118546,3044],{"class":87},[47,118548,107],{"class":83},[47,118550,118551],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,118552,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,118554,118555,118557,118559,118561],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,118556,98],{"class":97},[47,118558,101],{"class":83},[47,118560,3044],{"class":87},[47,118562,107],{"class":83},[20,118564,338],{},[38,118566,118568],{"className":40,"code":118567,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,118569,118570],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118571,118572,118574,118576,118578,118580,118582,118584],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118573,3296],{"class":83},[47,118575,1455],{"class":586},[47,118577,590],{"class":83},[47,118579,4898],{"class":586},[47,118581,590],{"class":83},[47,118583,2382],{"class":586},[47,118585,3030],{"class":83},[20,118587,118588],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[33,118590,722],{"id":721},[133,118592,118593,118597,118600,118605,118609],{},[136,118594,3976,118595,73367],{},[15,118596,73829],{},[136,118598,118599],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[136,118601,4101,118602,118604],{},[15,118603,73829],{}," always returns a list",[136,118606,7816,118607,22506],{},[15,118608,118057],{},[136,118610,29054,118611,118613,118614],{},[15,118612,63717],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,118615,73829],{},[20,118617,118618],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[38,118620,118622],{"className":40,"code":118621,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,118623,118624,118646,118672,118710],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118625,118626,118628,118630,118632,118634,118636,118638,118640,118642,118644],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118627,98],{"class":97},[47,118629,101],{"class":83},[47,118631,73919],{"class":97},[47,118633,2374],{"class":83},[47,118635,1455],{"class":586},[47,118637,590],{"class":83},[47,118639,4898],{"class":586},[47,118641,590],{"class":83},[47,118643,2382],{"class":586},[47,118645,2389],{"class":83},[47,118647,118648,118650,118652,118654,118656,118658,118660,118662,118664,118666,118668,118670],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,118649,98],{"class":97},[47,118651,101],{"class":83},[47,118653,2613],{"class":919},[47,118655,101],{"class":83},[47,118657,73919],{"class":97},[47,118659,4911],{"class":83},[47,118661,1455],{"class":586},[47,118663,590],{"class":83},[47,118665,4898],{"class":586},[47,118667,590],{"class":83},[47,118669,2382],{"class":586},[47,118671,92769],{"class":83},[47,118673,118674,118676,118678,118680,118682,118684,118686,118688,118690,118692,118694,118696,118698,118700,118702,118704,118706,118708],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,118675,98],{"class":97},[47,118677,101],{"class":83},[47,118679,73919],{"class":97},[47,118681,2374],{"class":83},[47,118683,2693],{"class":61},[47,118685,82768],{"class":65},[47,118687,2693],{"class":61},[47,118689,590],{"class":83},[47,118691,2688],{"class":61},[47,118693,3475],{"class":65},[47,118695,2693],{"class":61},[47,118697,17464],{"class":83},[47,118699,20981],{"class":8573},[47,118701,58],{"class":57},[47,118703,920],{"class":919},[47,118705,84],{"class":83},[47,118707,8038],{"class":24153},[47,118709,1419],{"class":83},[47,118711,118712,118714,118716,118718,118720,118722,118724,118726,118728,118730,118732,118734,118736,118738],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,118713,98],{"class":97},[47,118715,101],{"class":83},[47,118717,73919],{"class":97},[47,118719,2374],{"class":83},[47,118721,1455],{"class":586},[47,118723,590],{"class":83},[47,118725,4898],{"class":586},[47,118727,590],{"class":83},[47,118729,2382],{"class":586},[47,118731,17464],{"class":83},[47,118733,77475],{"class":8573},[47,118735,58],{"class":57},[47,118737,2997],{"class":1271},[47,118739,1419],{"class":83},[20,118741,118742,118743,84],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[154,118744,52176],{"href":50383},[33,118746,1155],{"id":1154},[724,118748,1159,118750,56569],{"id":118749},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,118751,73829],{},[20,118753,118754],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[724,118756,4540,118758,12115],{"id":118757},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,118759,73829],{},[20,118761,118762],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[724,118764,118766,118767,10492,118769,1883],{"id":118765},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,118768,73829],{},[15,118770,77272],{},[20,118772,1486,118773,118775],{},[15,118774,73829],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[724,118777,4540,118779,85855,118781,1883],{"id":118778},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,118780,118057],{},[15,118782,73829],{},[20,118784,118785],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[724,118787,4556,118789,118791,118792,1883],{"id":118788},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,118790,73829],{}," give a ",[15,118793,2395],{},[20,118795,118796],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[33,118798,1275],{"id":1274},[133,118800,118801,118805,118813,118817,118823,118829],{},[136,118802,118803],{},[154,118804,79278],{"href":77781},[136,118806,118807],{},[154,118808,2968,118809,9985,118811,5184],{"href":78530},[15,118810,73829],{},[15,118812,77272],{},[136,118814,118815],{},[154,118816,52176],{"href":50383},[136,118818,118819],{},[154,118820,2968,118821,2901],{"href":41761},[15,118822,41764],{},[136,118824,118825],{},[154,118826,2968,118827,2901],{"href":91425},[15,118828,35153],{},[136,118830,118831],{},[154,118832,2968,118833,2901],{"href":35599},[15,118834,35602],{},[1320,118836,118837],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":118839},[118840,118841,118843,118846,118847,118854,118856,118858,118860,118866,118867,118879],{"id":3001,"depth":72,"text":3002},{"id":117120,"depth":72,"text":118842},"What sorted() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166,"children":118844},[118845],{"id":16796,"depth":94,"text":16797},{"id":267,"depth":72,"text":268},{"id":117359,"depth":72,"text":117360,"children":118848},[118849,118850,118851,118852,118853],{"id":7492,"depth":94,"text":117368},{"id":48357,"depth":94,"text":117432},{"id":5687,"depth":94,"text":117529},{"id":179,"depth":94,"text":117593},{"id":15007,"depth":94,"text":28627},{"id":117798,"depth":72,"text":118855},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118054,"depth":72,"text":118857},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118326,"depth":72,"text":118859},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118382,"depth":72,"text":118383,"children":118861},[118862,118863,118865],{"id":118391,"depth":94,"text":118392},{"id":118446,"depth":94,"text":118864},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118509,"depth":94,"text":118510},{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":118868},[118869,118871,118873,118875,118877],{"id":118749,"depth":94,"text":118870},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":118757,"depth":94,"text":118872},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":118765,"depth":94,"text":118874},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":118778,"depth":94,"text":118876},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":118788,"depth":94,"text":118878},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117022,"description":118880},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":118887,"title":118888,"body":118889,"description":121000,"extension":1354,"meta":121001,"navigation":311,"path":78530,"seo":121002,"stem":121003,"__hash__":121004},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":118890,"toc":120947},[118891,118898,118901,118911,118917,118920,118938,118946,118948,119007,119015,119019,119041,119045,119049,119051,119068,119070,119082,119088,119172,119176,119223,119229,119236,119240,119245,119247,119259,119264,119317,119321,119341,119348,119355,119359,119362,119381,119385,119499,119503,119573,119575,119587,119592,119596,119609,119613,119688,119692,119731,119738,119744,119749,119753,119767,119771,119836,119840,119873,119876,119881,119889,119896,119909,119912,119916,119999,120003,120040,120044,120147,120151,120212,120217,120224,120228,120231,120237,120240,120307,120311,120335,120337,120355,120362,120415,120419,120439,120445,120447,120504,120511,120537,120542,120547,120555,120561,120621,120625,120672,120675,120677,120680,120706,120709,120802,120804,120824,120828,120831,120849,120855,120857,120865,120870,120877,120880,120886,120889,120895,120903,120911,120916,120918,120944],[10,118892,2968,118894,9985,118896,92483],{"id":118893},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,118895,73829],{},[15,118897,77272],{},[20,118899,118900],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[133,118902,118903,118907],{},[136,118904,118905],{},[15,118906,73829],{},[136,118908,118909],{},[15,118910,77272],{},[20,118912,118913,118914,118916],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[121,118915,123],{}," behave the same way.",[20,118918,118919],{},"The main difference is simple:",[133,118921,118922,118930],{},[136,118923,1486,118924,118926,118927],{},[15,118925,73829],{}," when you want a ",[121,118928,118929],{},"new sorted result",[136,118931,1486,118932,118934,118935],{},[15,118933,77272],{}," when you want to ",[121,118936,118937],{},"change the original list",[20,118939,118940,118941,1786,118943,118945],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,118942,77272],{},[15,118944,3174],{}," and causes confusion.",[33,118947,3002],{"id":3001},[38,118949,118951],{"className":40,"code":118950,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,118952,118953,118973,118977,118994],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118954,118955,118957,118959,118961,118963,118965,118967,118969,118971],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118956,3012],{"class":53},[47,118958,58],{"class":57},[47,118960,3017],{"class":83},[47,118962,1455],{"class":586},[47,118964,590],{"class":83},[47,118966,4898],{"class":586},[47,118968,590],{"class":83},[47,118970,2382],{"class":586},[47,118972,3030],{"class":83},[47,118974,118975],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,118976,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,118978,118979,118981,118983,118985,118987,118989,118991],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,118980,55295],{"class":53},[47,118982,58],{"class":57},[47,118984,73963],{"class":97},[47,118986,101],{"class":83},[47,118988,3044],{"class":87},[47,118990,3057],{"class":83},[47,118992,118993],{"class":113},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[47,118995,118996,118998,119000,119002,119004],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,118997,3044],{"class":53},[47,118999,84],{"class":83},[47,119001,34202],{"class":87},[47,119003,666],{"class":83},[47,119005,119006],{"class":113},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119008,1486,119009,119011,119012,119014],{},[15,119010,73829],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119013,77272],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[33,119016,119018],{"id":119017},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[133,119020,119021,119026,119031,119038],{},[136,119022,1486,119023,119025],{},[15,119024,73829],{}," to get a new sorted list",[136,119027,1486,119028,119030],{},[15,119029,77272],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[136,119032,119033,119034,1786,119036],{},"Understand why ",[15,119035,77272],{},[15,119037,3174],{},[136,119039,119040],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[33,119042,128,119043,131],{"id":117120},[15,119044,73829],{},[20,119046,119047,62331],{},[15,119048,73829],{},[20,119050,48331],{},[133,119052,119053,119059,119065],{},[136,119054,119055,119056],{},"returns a ",[121,119057,119058],{},"new list",[136,119060,119061,119062,119064],{},"does ",[121,119063,123],{}," change the original data",[136,119066,119067],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119069,50537],{},[133,119071,119072,119074,119076,119078,119080],{},[136,119073,4699],{},[136,119075,4702],{},[136,119077,4708],{},[136,119079,4705],{},[136,119081,35314],{},[724,119083,34481,119085,119087],{"id":119084},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119086,73829],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[38,119089,119091],{"className":40,"code":119090,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119092,119093,119113,119117,119131,119135,119153],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119094,119095,119097,119099,119101,119103,119105,119107,119109,119111],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119096,3012],{"class":53},[47,119098,58],{"class":57},[47,119100,3017],{"class":83},[47,119102,1455],{"class":586},[47,119104,590],{"class":83},[47,119106,4898],{"class":586},[47,119108,590],{"class":83},[47,119110,2382],{"class":586},[47,119112,3030],{"class":83},[47,119114,119115],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,119116,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,119118,119119,119121,119123,119125,119127,119129],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,119120,75],{"class":53},[47,119122,58],{"class":57},[47,119124,73963],{"class":97},[47,119126,101],{"class":83},[47,119128,3044],{"class":87},[47,119130,107],{"class":83},[47,119132,119133],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,119134,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,119136,119137,119139,119141,119143,119145,119147,119149,119151],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,119138,98],{"class":97},[47,119140,101],{"class":83},[47,119142,253],{"class":61},[47,119144,11553],{"class":65},[47,119146,253],{"class":61},[47,119148,590],{"class":83},[47,119150,3659],{"class":87},[47,119152,107],{"class":83},[47,119154,119155,119157,119159,119161,119164,119166,119168,119170],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,119156,98],{"class":97},[47,119158,101],{"class":83},[47,119160,253],{"class":61},[47,119162,119163],{"class":65},"sorted result:",[47,119165,253],{"class":61},[47,119167,590],{"class":83},[47,119169,80622],{"class":87},[47,119171,107],{"class":83},[20,119173,119174],{},[121,119175,338],{},[38,119177,119179],{"className":40,"code":119178,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119180,119181,119201],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119182,119183,119185,119187,119189,119191,119193,119195,119197,119199],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119184,11532],{"class":53},[47,119186,1032],{"class":83},[47,119188,3017],{"class":83},[47,119190,1455],{"class":586},[47,119192,590],{"class":83},[47,119194,4898],{"class":586},[47,119196,590],{"class":83},[47,119198,2382],{"class":586},[47,119200,3030],{"class":83},[47,119202,119203,119205,119207,119209,119211,119213,119215,119217,119219,119221],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,119204,73919],{"class":97},[47,119206,80622],{"class":53},[47,119208,1032],{"class":83},[47,119210,3017],{"class":83},[47,119212,2377],{"class":586},[47,119214,590],{"class":83},[47,119216,2382],{"class":586},[47,119218,590],{"class":83},[47,119220,1841],{"class":586},[47,119222,3030],{"class":83},[20,119224,119225,119226,119228],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119227,3044],{}," stays the same.",[20,119230,119231,119232,84],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[154,119233,2968,119234,2901],{"href":73926},[15,119235,73829],{},[33,119237,128,119238,131],{"id":77338},[15,119239,77272],{},[20,119241,119242,119244],{},[15,119243,63717],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119246,48331],{},[133,119248,119249,119252,119255],{},[136,119250,119251],{},"changes the original list directly",[136,119253,119254],{},"only works on lists",[136,119256,3087,119257],{},[15,119258,3174],{},[724,119260,34481,119262,73367],{"id":119261},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119263,77272],{},[38,119265,119267],{"className":40,"code":119266,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119268,119269,119289,119293,119303,119307],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119270,119271,119273,119275,119277,119279,119281,119283,119285,119287],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119272,3012],{"class":53},[47,119274,58],{"class":57},[47,119276,3017],{"class":83},[47,119278,1455],{"class":586},[47,119280,590],{"class":83},[47,119282,4898],{"class":586},[47,119284,590],{"class":83},[47,119286,2382],{"class":586},[47,119288,3030],{"class":83},[47,119290,119291],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,119292,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,119294,119295,119297,119299,119301],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,119296,3044],{"class":53},[47,119298,84],{"class":83},[47,119300,34202],{"class":87},[47,119302,91],{"class":83},[47,119304,119305],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,119306,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,119308,119309,119311,119313,119315],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,119310,98],{"class":97},[47,119312,101],{"class":83},[47,119314,3044],{"class":87},[47,119316,107],{"class":83},[20,119318,119319],{},[121,119320,338],{},[38,119322,119323],{"className":40,"code":54555,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,119324,119325],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119326,119327,119329,119331,119333,119335,119337,119339],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119328,3296],{"class":83},[47,119330,2377],{"class":586},[47,119332,590],{"class":83},[47,119334,2382],{"class":586},[47,119336,590],{"class":83},[47,119338,1841],{"class":586},[47,119340,3030],{"class":83},[20,119342,119343,119344,119347],{},"After calling ",[15,119345,119346],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119349,119350,119351,84],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[154,119352,2968,119353,1289],{"href":74180},[15,119354,77272],{},[33,119356,119358],{"id":119357},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119360,119361],{},"Here is the core difference:",[133,119363,119364,119373],{},[136,119365,119366,119369,119370],{},[15,119367,119368],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[121,119371,119372],{},"new sorted list",[136,119374,119375,119378,119379,73737],{},[15,119376,119377],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119380,7737],{},[724,119382,119384],{"id":119383},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[38,119386,119388],{"className":40,"code":119387,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119389,119390,119410,119414,119428,119447,119466,119470,119480],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119391,119392,119394,119396,119398,119400,119402,119404,119406,119408],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119393,3012],{"class":53},[47,119395,58],{"class":57},[47,119397,3017],{"class":83},[47,119399,1531],{"class":586},[47,119401,590],{"class":83},[47,119403,2382],{"class":586},[47,119405,590],{"class":83},[47,119407,1847],{"class":586},[47,119409,3030],{"class":83},[47,119411,119412],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,119413,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,119415,119416,119418,119420,119422,119424,119426],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,119417,1208],{"class":53},[47,119419,58],{"class":57},[47,119421,73963],{"class":97},[47,119423,101],{"class":83},[47,119425,3044],{"class":87},[47,119427,107],{"class":83},[47,119429,119430,119432,119434,119436,119439,119441,119443,119445],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,119431,98],{"class":97},[47,119433,101],{"class":83},[47,119435,253],{"class":61},[47,119437,119438],{"class":65},"numbers after sorted():",[47,119440,253],{"class":61},[47,119442,590],{"class":83},[47,119444,3659],{"class":87},[47,119446,107],{"class":83},[47,119448,119449,119451,119453,119455,119458,119460,119462,119464],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,119450,98],{"class":97},[47,119452,101],{"class":83},[47,119454,253],{"class":61},[47,119456,119457],{"class":65},"a:",[47,119459,253],{"class":61},[47,119461,590],{"class":83},[47,119463,56293],{"class":87},[47,119465,107],{"class":83},[47,119467,119468],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,119469,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,119471,119472,119474,119476,119478],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,119473,3044],{"class":53},[47,119475,84],{"class":83},[47,119477,34202],{"class":87},[47,119479,91],{"class":83},[47,119481,119482,119484,119486,119488,119491,119493,119495,119497],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,119483,98],{"class":97},[47,119485,101],{"class":83},[47,119487,253],{"class":61},[47,119489,119490],{"class":65},"numbers after sort():",[47,119492,253],{"class":61},[47,119494,590],{"class":83},[47,119496,3659],{"class":87},[47,119498,107],{"class":83},[20,119500,119501],{},[121,119502,338],{},[38,119504,119506],{"className":40,"code":119505,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,119507,119508,119531,119551],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119509,119510,119513,119515,119517,119519,119521,119523,119525,119527,119529],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119511,119512],{"class":53},"numbers after ",[47,119514,73919],{"class":97},[47,119516,28988],{"class":83},[47,119518,3017],{"class":83},[47,119520,1531],{"class":586},[47,119522,590],{"class":83},[47,119524,2382],{"class":586},[47,119526,590],{"class":83},[47,119528,1847],{"class":586},[47,119530,3030],{"class":83},[47,119532,119533,119535,119537,119539,119541,119543,119545,119547,119549],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,119534,154],{"class":53},[47,119536,1032],{"class":83},[47,119538,3017],{"class":83},[47,119540,1449],{"class":586},[47,119542,590],{"class":83},[47,119544,1847],{"class":586},[47,119546,590],{"class":83},[47,119548,4002],{"class":586},[47,119550,3030],{"class":83},[47,119552,119553,119555,119557,119559,119561,119563,119565,119567,119569,119571],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,119554,119512],{"class":53},[47,119556,34202],{"class":87},[47,119558,28988],{"class":83},[47,119560,3017],{"class":83},[47,119562,1449],{"class":586},[47,119564,590],{"class":83},[47,119566,1847],{"class":586},[47,119568,590],{"class":83},[47,119570,4002],{"class":586},[47,119572,3030],{"class":83},[20,119574,10113],{},[133,119576,119577,119582],{},[136,119578,119579,119581],{},[15,119580,73829],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[136,119583,119584,119586],{},[15,119585,63717],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[33,119588,603,119590],{"id":119589},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,119591,73829],{},[20,119593,1486,119594,10001],{},[15,119595,73829],{},[133,119597,119598,119601,119603,119606],{},[136,119599,119600],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[136,119602,118370],{},[136,119604,119605],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[136,119607,119608],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[724,119610,119612],{"id":119611},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[38,119614,119616],{"className":40,"code":119615,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,119617,119618,119642,119646,119660,119664,119674],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119619,119620,119622,119624,119626,119628,119630,119632,119634,119636,119638,119640],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119621,3012],{"class":53},[47,119623,58],{"class":57},[47,119625,8634],{"class":83},[47,119627,1896],{"class":586},[47,119629,590],{"class":83},[47,119631,4898],{"class":586},[47,119633,590],{"class":83},[47,119635,1841],{"class":586},[47,119637,590],{"class":83},[47,119639,2382],{"class":586},[47,119641,107],{"class":83},[47,119643,119644],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,119645,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,119647,119648,119650,119652,119654,119656,119658],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,119649,75],{"class":53},[47,119651,58],{"class":57},[47,119653,73963],{"class":97},[47,119655,101],{"class":83},[47,119657,3044],{"class":87},[47,119659,107],{"class":83},[47,119661,119662],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,119663,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,119665,119666,119668,119670,119672],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,119667,98],{"class":97},[47,119669,101],{"class":83},[47,119671,104],{"class":87},[47,119673,107],{"class":83},[47,119675,119676,119678,119680,119682,119684,119686],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,119677,98],{"class":97},[47,119679,101],{"class":83},[47,119681,2613],{"class":919},[47,119683,101],{"class":83},[47,119685,104],{"class":87},[47,119687,1419],{"class":83},[20,119689,119690],{},[121,119691,338],{},[38,119693,119695],{"className":40,"code":119694,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,119696,119697,119717],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119698,119699,119701,119703,119705,119707,119709,119711,119713,119715],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119700,3296],{"class":83},[47,119702,2377],{"class":586},[47,119704,590],{"class":83},[47,119706,2382],{"class":586},[47,119708,590],{"class":83},[47,119710,1841],{"class":586},[47,119712,590],{"class":83},[47,119714,1847],{"class":586},[47,119716,3030],{"class":83},[47,119718,119719,119721,119723,119725,119727,119729],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,119720,2682],{"class":57},[47,119722,2685],{"class":1458},[47,119724,2688],{"class":61},[47,119726,7492],{"class":65},[47,119728,2693],{"class":61},[47,119730,2696],{"class":57},[20,119732,1674,119733,119735,119736,84],{},[15,119734,73829],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[121,119737,7492],{},[20,119739,119740,119741,119743],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[154,119742,52176],{"href":50383}," is a helpful next step.",[33,119745,603,119747],{"id":119746},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,119748,77272],{},[20,119750,1486,119751,10001],{},[15,119752,77272],{},[133,119754,119755,119758,119761,119764],{},[136,119756,119757],{},"you already have a list",[136,119759,119760],{},"you want to update that list directly",[136,119762,119763],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[136,119765,119766],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[724,119768,119770],{"id":119769},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[38,119772,119774],{"className":40,"code":119773,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,119775,119776,119808,119812,119822,119826],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119777,119778,119780,119782,119784,119786,119788,119790,119792,119794,119796,119798,119800,119802,119804,119806],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119779,4392],{"class":53},[47,119781,58],{"class":57},[47,119783,3017],{"class":83},[47,119785,253],{"class":61},[47,119787,4419],{"class":65},[47,119789,253],{"class":61},[47,119791,590],{"class":83},[47,119793,62],{"class":61},[47,119795,4401],{"class":65},[47,119797,253],{"class":61},[47,119799,590],{"class":83},[47,119801,62],{"class":61},[47,119803,4410],{"class":65},[47,119805,253],{"class":61},[47,119807,3030],{"class":83},[47,119809,119810],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,119811,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,119813,119814,119816,119818,119820],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,119815,4436],{"class":53},[47,119817,84],{"class":83},[47,119819,34202],{"class":87},[47,119821,91],{"class":83},[47,119823,119824],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,119825,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,119827,119828,119830,119832,119834],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,119829,98],{"class":97},[47,119831,101],{"class":83},[47,119833,4436],{"class":87},[47,119835,107],{"class":83},[20,119837,119838],{},[121,119839,338],{},[38,119841,119843],{"className":40,"code":119842,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,119844,119845],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119846,119847,119849,119851,119853,119855,119857,119859,119861,119863,119865,119867,119869,119871],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119848,3296],{"class":83},[47,119850,2693],{"class":61},[47,119852,4401],{"class":65},[47,119854,2693],{"class":61},[47,119856,590],{"class":83},[47,119858,2688],{"class":61},[47,119860,4410],{"class":65},[47,119862,2693],{"class":61},[47,119864,590],{"class":83},[47,119866,2688],{"class":61},[47,119868,4419],{"class":65},[47,119870,2693],{"class":61},[47,119872,3030],{"class":83},[20,119874,119875],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,119877,119878,119879,84],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[154,119880,79278],{"href":77781},[33,119882,119884,1063,119886,119888],{"id":119883},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,119885,72982],{},[15,119887,14243],{}," work with both",[20,119890,9990,119891,1063,119893,119895],{},[15,119892,73829],{},[15,119894,77272],{}," support:",[133,119897,119898,119903],{},[136,119899,119900,119902],{},[15,119901,77496],{}," for descending order",[136,119904,119905,119908],{},[15,119906,119907],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,119910,119911],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[724,119913,119915],{"id":119914},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[38,119917,119919],{"className":40,"code":119918,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119920,119921,119941,119945,119967,119971,119989],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119922,119923,119925,119927,119929,119931,119933,119935,119937,119939],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119924,3012],{"class":53},[47,119926,58],{"class":57},[47,119928,3017],{"class":83},[47,119930,1455],{"class":586},[47,119932,590],{"class":83},[47,119934,4898],{"class":586},[47,119936,590],{"class":83},[47,119938,2382],{"class":586},[47,119940,3030],{"class":83},[47,119942,119943],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,119944,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,119946,119947,119949,119951,119953,119955,119957,119959,119961,119963,119965],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,119948,98],{"class":97},[47,119950,101],{"class":83},[47,119952,73919],{"class":97},[47,119954,101],{"class":83},[47,119956,3044],{"class":87},[47,119958,590],{"class":83},[47,119960,77475],{"class":8573},[47,119962,58],{"class":57},[47,119964,2997],{"class":1271},[47,119966,1419],{"class":83},[47,119968,119969],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,119970,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,119972,119973,119975,119977,119979,119981,119983,119985,119987],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,119974,3044],{"class":53},[47,119976,84],{"class":83},[47,119978,34202],{"class":87},[47,119980,101],{"class":83},[47,119982,72982],{"class":8573},[47,119984,58],{"class":57},[47,119986,2997],{"class":1271},[47,119988,107],{"class":83},[47,119990,119991,119993,119995,119997],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,119992,98],{"class":97},[47,119994,101],{"class":83},[47,119996,3044],{"class":87},[47,119998,107],{"class":83},[20,120000,120001],{},[121,120002,338],{},[38,120004,120006],{"className":40,"code":120005,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120007,120008,120024],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120009,120010,120012,120014,120016,120018,120020,120022],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120011,3296],{"class":83},[47,120013,1455],{"class":586},[47,120015,590],{"class":83},[47,120017,2382],{"class":586},[47,120019,590],{"class":83},[47,120021,4898],{"class":586},[47,120023,3030],{"class":83},[47,120025,120026,120028,120030,120032,120034,120036,120038],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,120027,3296],{"class":83},[47,120029,1455],{"class":586},[47,120031,590],{"class":83},[47,120033,2382],{"class":586},[47,120035,590],{"class":83},[47,120037,4898],{"class":586},[47,120039,3030],{"class":83},[724,120041,120043],{"id":120042},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[38,120045,120047],{"className":40,"code":120046,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120048,120049,120081,120085,120111,120115,120137],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120050,120051,120053,120055,120057,120059,120061,120063,120065,120067,120069,120071,120073,120075,120077,120079],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120052,3466],{"class":53},[47,120054,58],{"class":57},[47,120056,3017],{"class":83},[47,120058,253],{"class":61},[47,120060,82768],{"class":65},[47,120062,253],{"class":61},[47,120064,590],{"class":83},[47,120066,62],{"class":61},[47,120068,3475],{"class":65},[47,120070,253],{"class":61},[47,120072,590],{"class":83},[47,120074,62],{"class":61},[47,120076,118235],{"class":65},[47,120078,253],{"class":61},[47,120080,3030],{"class":83},[47,120082,120083],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,120084,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,120086,120087,120089,120091,120093,120095,120097,120099,120101,120103,120105,120107,120109],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,120088,98],{"class":97},[47,120090,101],{"class":83},[47,120092,73919],{"class":97},[47,120094,101],{"class":83},[47,120096,3509],{"class":87},[47,120098,590],{"class":83},[47,120100,20981],{"class":8573},[47,120102,58],{"class":57},[47,120104,920],{"class":919},[47,120106,84],{"class":83},[47,120108,8038],{"class":24153},[47,120110,1419],{"class":83},[47,120112,120113],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,120114,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,120116,120117,120119,120121,120123,120125,120127,120129,120131,120133,120135],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,120118,3509],{"class":53},[47,120120,84],{"class":83},[47,120122,34202],{"class":87},[47,120124,101],{"class":83},[47,120126,14243],{"class":8573},[47,120128,58],{"class":57},[47,120130,920],{"class":919},[47,120132,84],{"class":83},[47,120134,8038],{"class":24153},[47,120136,107],{"class":83},[47,120138,120139,120141,120143,120145],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,120140,98],{"class":97},[47,120142,101],{"class":83},[47,120144,3509],{"class":87},[47,120146,107],{"class":83},[20,120148,120149],{},[121,120150,338],{},[38,120152,120154],{"className":40,"code":120153,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120155,120156,120184],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120157,120158,120160,120162,120164,120166,120168,120170,120172,120174,120176,120178,120180,120182],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120159,3296],{"class":83},[47,120161,2693],{"class":61},[47,120163,3475],{"class":65},[47,120165,2693],{"class":61},[47,120167,590],{"class":83},[47,120169,2688],{"class":61},[47,120171,82768],{"class":65},[47,120173,2693],{"class":61},[47,120175,590],{"class":83},[47,120177,2688],{"class":61},[47,120179,118235],{"class":65},[47,120181,2693],{"class":61},[47,120183,3030],{"class":83},[47,120185,120186,120188,120190,120192,120194,120196,120198,120200,120202,120204,120206,120208,120210],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,120187,3296],{"class":83},[47,120189,2693],{"class":61},[47,120191,3475],{"class":65},[47,120193,2693],{"class":61},[47,120195,590],{"class":83},[47,120197,2688],{"class":61},[47,120199,82768],{"class":65},[47,120201,2693],{"class":61},[47,120203,590],{"class":83},[47,120205,2688],{"class":61},[47,120207,118235],{"class":65},[47,120209,2693],{"class":61},[47,120211,3030],{"class":83},[20,120213,7816,120214,120216],{},[15,120215,77990],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120218,120219,120220,84],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[154,120221,120223],{"href":120222},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[33,120225,120227],{"id":120226},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120229,120230],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[724,120232,120234,120235,11997],{"id":120233},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120236,77272],{},[20,120238,120239],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[38,120241,120243],{"className":40,"code":120242,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120244,120245,120265,120269,120283,120287,120297],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120246,120247,120249,120251,120253,120255,120257,120259,120261,120263],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120248,3012],{"class":53},[47,120250,58],{"class":57},[47,120252,3017],{"class":83},[47,120254,1455],{"class":586},[47,120256,590],{"class":83},[47,120258,4898],{"class":586},[47,120260,590],{"class":83},[47,120262,2382],{"class":586},[47,120264,3030],{"class":83},[47,120266,120267],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,120268,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,120270,120271,120273,120275,120277,120279,120281],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,120272,75],{"class":53},[47,120274,58],{"class":57},[47,120276,3659],{"class":53},[47,120278,84],{"class":83},[47,120280,34202],{"class":87},[47,120282,91],{"class":83},[47,120284,120285],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,120286,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,120288,120289,120291,120293,120295],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,120290,98],{"class":97},[47,120292,101],{"class":83},[47,120294,104],{"class":87},[47,120296,107],{"class":83},[47,120298,120299,120301,120303,120305],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,120300,98],{"class":97},[47,120302,101],{"class":83},[47,120304,3044],{"class":87},[47,120306,107],{"class":83},[20,120308,120309],{},[121,120310,338],{},[38,120312,120313],{"className":40,"code":78613,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,120314,120315,120319],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120316,120317],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120318,11207],{"class":1271},[47,120320,120321,120323,120325,120327,120329,120331,120333],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,120322,3296],{"class":83},[47,120324,2377],{"class":586},[47,120326,590],{"class":83},[47,120328,2382],{"class":586},[47,120330,590],{"class":83},[47,120332,1841],{"class":586},[47,120334,3030],{"class":83},[20,120336,11299],{},[133,120338,120339,120344,120349],{},[136,120340,120341,120343],{},[15,120342,119346],{}," sorts the list in place",[136,120345,34418,120346,120348],{},[121,120347,123],{}," return the sorted list",[136,120350,89390,120351,41558,120353],{},[15,120352,104],{},[15,120354,3174],{},[724,120356,120358,120359,120361],{"id":120357},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120360,73829],{}," to change the original list",[38,120363,120365],{"className":40,"code":120364,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120366,120367,120387,120391,120401,120405],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120368,120369,120371,120373,120375,120377,120379,120381,120383,120385],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120370,3012],{"class":53},[47,120372,58],{"class":57},[47,120374,3017],{"class":83},[47,120376,1455],{"class":586},[47,120378,590],{"class":83},[47,120380,4898],{"class":586},[47,120382,590],{"class":83},[47,120384,2382],{"class":586},[47,120386,3030],{"class":83},[47,120388,120389],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,120390,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,120392,120393,120395,120397,120399],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,120394,73919],{"class":97},[47,120396,101],{"class":83},[47,120398,3044],{"class":87},[47,120400,107],{"class":83},[47,120402,120403],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,120404,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,120406,120407,120409,120411,120413],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,120408,98],{"class":97},[47,120410,101],{"class":83},[47,120412,3044],{"class":87},[47,120414,107],{"class":83},[20,120416,120417],{},[121,120418,338],{},[38,120420,120421],{"className":40,"code":118567,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,120422,120423],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120424,120425,120427,120429,120431,120433,120435,120437],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120426,3296],{"class":83},[47,120428,1455],{"class":586},[47,120430,590],{"class":83},[47,120432,4898],{"class":586},[47,120434,590],{"class":83},[47,120436,2382],{"class":586},[47,120438,3030],{"class":83},[20,120440,120441,120444],{},[15,120442,120443],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,120446,10207],{},[38,120448,120450],{"className":40,"code":120449,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,120451,120452,120472,120476,120490,120494],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120453,120454,120456,120458,120460,120462,120464,120466,120468,120470],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120455,3012],{"class":53},[47,120457,58],{"class":57},[47,120459,3017],{"class":83},[47,120461,1455],{"class":586},[47,120463,590],{"class":83},[47,120465,4898],{"class":586},[47,120467,590],{"class":83},[47,120469,2382],{"class":586},[47,120471,3030],{"class":83},[47,120473,120474],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,120475,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,120477,120478,120480,120482,120484,120486,120488],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,120479,55047],{"class":53},[47,120481,58],{"class":57},[47,120483,73963],{"class":97},[47,120485,101],{"class":83},[47,120487,3044],{"class":87},[47,120489,107],{"class":83},[47,120491,120492],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,120493,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,120495,120496,120498,120500,120502],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,120497,98],{"class":97},[47,120499,101],{"class":83},[47,120501,55066],{"class":87},[47,120503,107],{"class":83},[724,120505,120507,120508,120510],{"id":120506},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,120509,63717],{}," on a tuple or string",[38,120512,120513],{"className":40,"code":78715,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,120514,120515,120527],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120516,120517,120519,120521,120523,120525],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120518,54],{"class":53},[47,120520,58],{"class":57},[47,120522,62],{"class":61},[47,120524,42],{"class":65},[47,120526,69],{"class":61},[47,120528,120529,120531,120533,120535],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,120530,565],{"class":53},[47,120532,84],{"class":83},[47,120534,34202],{"class":87},[47,120536,91],{"class":83},[20,120538,120539,120540,894],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,120541,63717],{},[20,120543,120544,120546],{},[15,120545,63717],{}," only works on lists.",[20,120548,120549,120550,120552,120553,84],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,120551,73829],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[154,120554,4534],{"href":4987},[724,120556,120558,120559,118604],{"id":120557},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,120560,73829],{},[38,120562,120564],{"className":40,"code":120563,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120565,120566,120579,120593,120597,120607],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120567,120568,120570,120572,120574,120577],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120569,54],{"class":53},[47,120571,58],{"class":57},[47,120573,62],{"class":61},[47,120575,120576],{"class":65},"cab",[47,120578,69],{"class":61},[47,120580,120581,120583,120585,120587,120589,120591],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,120582,75],{"class":53},[47,120584,58],{"class":57},[47,120586,73963],{"class":97},[47,120588,101],{"class":83},[47,120590,565],{"class":87},[47,120592,107],{"class":83},[47,120594,120595],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,120596,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,120598,120599,120601,120603,120605],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,120600,98],{"class":97},[47,120602,101],{"class":83},[47,120604,104],{"class":87},[47,120606,107],{"class":83},[47,120608,120609,120611,120613,120615,120617,120619],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,120610,98],{"class":97},[47,120612,101],{"class":83},[47,120614,2613],{"class":919},[47,120616,101],{"class":83},[47,120618,104],{"class":87},[47,120620,1419],{"class":83},[20,120622,120623],{},[121,120624,338],{},[38,120626,120628],{"className":40,"code":120627,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120629,120630,120658],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120631,120632,120634,120636,120638,120640,120642,120644,120646,120648,120650,120652,120654,120656],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120633,3296],{"class":83},[47,120635,2693],{"class":61},[47,120637,154],{"class":65},[47,120639,2693],{"class":61},[47,120641,590],{"class":83},[47,120643,2688],{"class":61},[47,120645,4158],{"class":65},[47,120647,2693],{"class":61},[47,120649,590],{"class":83},[47,120651,2688],{"class":61},[47,120653,9138],{"class":65},[47,120655,2693],{"class":61},[47,120657,3030],{"class":83},[47,120659,120660,120662,120664,120666,120668,120670],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,120661,2682],{"class":57},[47,120663,2685],{"class":1458},[47,120665,2688],{"class":61},[47,120667,7492],{"class":65},[47,120669,2693],{"class":61},[47,120671,2696],{"class":57},[20,120673,120674],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[33,120676,113125],{"id":113124},[20,120678,120679],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[133,120681,120682,120685,120690,120695,120701],{},[136,120683,120684],{},"confusing a function with a method",[136,120686,120687,120688,53049],{},"not knowing that ",[15,120689,63717],{},[136,120691,120692,120693,11997],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,120694,77272],{},[136,120696,120697,120698,120700],{},"trying to use ",[15,120699,63717],{}," on non-list data types",[136,120702,49910,120703,120705],{},[15,120704,73829],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,120707,120708],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[38,120710,120712],{"className":40,"code":120711,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,120713,120714,120724,120738,120763,120778,120788],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120715,120716,120718,120720,120722],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120717,98],{"class":97},[47,120719,101],{"class":83},[47,120721,7737],{"class":87},[47,120723,107],{"class":83},[47,120725,120726,120728,120730,120732,120734,120736],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,120727,98],{"class":97},[47,120729,101],{"class":83},[47,120731,73919],{"class":97},[47,120733,101],{"class":83},[47,120735,7737],{"class":87},[47,120737,1419],{"class":83},[47,120739,120740,120742,120744,120746,120748,120750,120752,120755,120757,120759,120761],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,120741,75],{"class":53},[47,120743,58],{"class":57},[47,120745,7794],{"class":53},[47,120747,84],{"class":83},[47,120749,34202],{"class":87},[47,120751,666],{"class":83},[47,120753,120754],{"class":53},"; ",[47,120756,98],{"class":97},[47,120758,101],{"class":83},[47,120760,104],{"class":87},[47,120762,107],{"class":83},[47,120764,120765,120767,120769,120771,120773,120776],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,120766,98],{"class":97},[47,120768,101],{"class":83},[47,120770,2613],{"class":919},[47,120772,101],{"class":83},[47,120774,120775],{"class":87},"my_data",[47,120777,1419],{"class":83},[47,120779,120780,120782,120784,120786],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,120781,31558],{"class":97},[47,120783,101],{"class":83},[47,120785,73919],{"class":97},[47,120787,107],{"class":83},[47,120789,120790,120792,120794,120796,120798,120800],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,120791,31558],{"class":97},[47,120793,101],{"class":83},[47,120795,7492],{"class":919},[47,120797,84],{"class":83},[47,120799,34202],{"class":24153},[47,120801,107],{"class":83},[20,120803,83778],{},[133,120805,120806,120809,120813,120821],{},[136,120807,120808],{},"whether your original list changed",[136,120810,25423,120811,11104],{},[15,120812,73829],{},[136,120814,120815,120816,120818,120819],{},"whether ",[15,120817,63717],{}," returned ",[15,120820,3174],{},[136,120822,120823],{},"what type of object you are working with",[33,120825,120827],{"id":120826},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,120829,120830],{},"Use this rule:",[133,120832,120833,120841],{},[136,120834,120835,120836,120838,120839],{},"Need a ",[121,120837,118929],{},": use ",[15,120840,73829],{},[136,120842,120843,120844,120838,120847],{},"Need to ",[121,120845,120846],{},"change one list directly",[15,120848,77272],{},[20,120850,120851,120852,120854],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,120853,73829],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[33,120856,1155],{"id":1154},[724,120858,120860,120861,158,120863,1883],{"id":120859},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,120862,73829],{},[15,120864,77272],{},[20,120866,120867,120869],{},[15,120868,73829],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[724,120871,4556,120873,4559,120875,1883],{"id":120872},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,120874,77272],{},[15,120876,3174],{},[20,120878,120879],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[724,120881,4568,120883,120885],{"id":120882},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,120884,73829],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,120887,120888],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[724,120890,1190,120892,120894],{"id":120891},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,120893,63717],{}," on a string?",[20,120896,45769,120897,120899,120900,39332],{},[15,120898,63717],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,120901,120902],{},"sorted(string)",[724,120904,11218,120906,1063,120908,120910],{"id":120905},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,120907,73829],{},[15,120909,63717],{}," both support descending order?",[20,120912,120913,120914,84],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,120915,77496],{},[33,120917,1275],{"id":1274},[133,120919,120920,120926,120932,120936,120940],{},[136,120921,120922],{},[154,120923,2968,120924,2901],{"href":73926},[15,120925,73829],{},[136,120927,120928],{},[154,120929,2968,120930,1289],{"href":74180},[15,120931,77272],{},[136,120933,120934],{},[154,120935,79278],{"href":77781},[136,120937,120938],{},[154,120939,120223],{"href":120222},[136,120941,120942],{},[154,120943,52176],{"href":50383},[1320,120945,120946],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":120948},[120949,120950,120951,120955,120959,120962,120966,120970,120975,120985,120986,120987,120999],{"id":3001,"depth":72,"text":3002},{"id":119017,"depth":72,"text":119018},{"id":117120,"depth":72,"text":118842,"children":120952},[120953],{"id":119084,"depth":94,"text":120954},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77338,"depth":72,"text":79300,"children":120956},[120957],{"id":119261,"depth":94,"text":120958},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119357,"depth":72,"text":119358,"children":120960},[120961],{"id":119383,"depth":94,"text":119384},{"id":119589,"depth":72,"text":120963,"children":120964},"When to use sorted()",[120965],{"id":119611,"depth":94,"text":119612},{"id":119746,"depth":72,"text":120967,"children":120968},"When to use list.sort()",[120969],{"id":119769,"depth":94,"text":119770},{"id":119883,"depth":72,"text":120971,"children":120972},"reverse and key work with both",[120973,120974],{"id":119914,"depth":94,"text":119915},{"id":120042,"depth":94,"text":120043},{"id":120226,"depth":72,"text":120227,"children":120976},[120977,120979,120981,120983],{"id":120233,"depth":94,"text":120978},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120357,"depth":94,"text":120980},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120506,"depth":94,"text":120982},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120557,"depth":94,"text":120984},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113124,"depth":72,"text":113125},{"id":120826,"depth":72,"text":120827},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":120988},[120989,120991,120993,120995,120997],{"id":120859,"depth":94,"text":120990},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":120872,"depth":94,"text":120992},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":120882,"depth":94,"text":120994},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":120891,"depth":94,"text":120996},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":120905,"depth":94,"text":120998},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":118888,"description":121000},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121006,"title":41579,"body":121007,"description":122739,"extension":1354,"meta":122740,"navigation":311,"path":122741,"seo":122742,"stem":122743,"__hash__":122744},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121008,"toc":122696},[121009,121014,121019,121025,121027,121082,121086,121109,121114,121119,121124,121126,121157,121160,121174,121176,121178,121193,121198,121202,121205,121256,121260,121274,121281,121285,121289,121344,121348,121371,121375,121431,121435,121458,121462,121517,121521,121544,121548,121615,121619,121654,121660,121665,121670,121672,121686,121688,121762,121766,121786,121791,121798,121801,121813,121815,121884,121888,121925,121928,121953,121960,121969,121972,121984,121990,121996,121998,122004,122009,122088,122092,122133,122137,122139,122166,122169,122192,122195,122201,122204,122241,122253,122260,122262,122313,122316,122348,122351,122353,122360,122362,122377,122379,122436,122440,122464,122466,122471,122487,122494,122498,122501,122584,122594,122596,122601,122604,122610,122613,122619,122622,122628,122631,122638,122646,122648,122693],[10,121010,2968,121012,2972],{"id":121011},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121013,47088],{},[20,121015,31723,121016,121018],{},[15,121017,47088],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121020,121021,121022,121024],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121023,47088],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[33,121026,36],{"id":35},[38,121028,121030],{"className":40,"code":121029,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121031,121032,121040,121054,121058,121068],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121033,121034,121036,121038],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121035,21030],{"class":53},[47,121037,58],{"class":57},[47,121039,44629],{"class":586},[47,121041,121042,121044,121046,121048,121050,121052],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,121043,54],{"class":53},[47,121045,58],{"class":57},[47,121047,48308],{"class":919},[47,121049,101],{"class":83},[47,121051,8697],{"class":87},[47,121053,107],{"class":83},[47,121055,121056],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,121057,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,121059,121060,121062,121064,121066],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,121061,98],{"class":97},[47,121063,101],{"class":83},[47,121065,565],{"class":87},[47,121067,107],{"class":83},[47,121069,121070,121072,121074,121076,121078,121080],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,121071,98],{"class":97},[47,121073,101],{"class":83},[47,121075,2613],{"class":919},[47,121077,101],{"class":83},[47,121079,565],{"class":87},[47,121081,1419],{"class":83},[20,121083,121084],{},[121,121085,338],{},[38,121087,121089],{"className":40,"code":121088,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121090,121091,121095],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121092,121093],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121094,2098],{"class":586},[47,121096,121097,121099,121101,121103,121105,121107],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,121098,2682],{"class":57},[47,121100,2685],{"class":1458},[47,121102,2688],{"class":61},[47,121104,920],{"class":65},[47,121106,2693],{"class":61},[47,121108,2696],{"class":57},[20,121110,1486,121111,121113],{},[15,121112,47088],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[33,121115,128,121117,131],{"id":121116},"what-str-does",[15,121118,47088],{},[20,121120,121121,121123],{},[15,121122,47088],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121125,1501],{},[133,121127,121128,121135,121142,121149],{},[136,121129,121130,121131,41558,121133],{},"An integer like ",[15,121132,1719],{},[15,121134,41529],{},[136,121136,121137,121138,41558,121140],{},"A float like ",[15,121139,39546],{},[15,121141,47499],{},[136,121143,121144,121145,41558,121147],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121146,2997],{},[15,121148,6041],{},[136,121150,121151,121152,41558,121154],{},"A list like ",[15,121153,74651],{},[15,121155,121156],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121158,121159],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[133,121161,121162,121165,121168,121171],{},[136,121163,121164],{},"print it",[136,121166,121167],{},"combine it with other strings",[136,121169,121170],{},"save it to a file",[136,121172,121173],{},"use it in messages",[33,121175,166],{"id":165},[20,121177,6617],{},[38,121179,121181],{"className":40,"code":121180,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"str(object)\n",[15,121182,121183],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121184,121185,121187,121189,121191],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121186,920],{"class":919},[47,121188,101],{"class":83},[47,121190,41802],{"class":919},[47,121192,107],{"class":83},[20,121194,20173,121195,121197],{},[15,121196,41802],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121199,121200,7623],{},[15,121201,47088],{},[20,121203,121204],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[38,121206,121208],{"className":40,"code":121207,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121209,121210,121219,121242,121246],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121211,121212,121214,121216],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121213,4493],{"class":53},[47,121215,58],{"class":57},[47,121217,121218],{"class":586}," 100\n",[47,121220,121221,121223,121225,121227,121230,121232,121234,121236,121238,121240],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,121222,89410],{"class":53},[47,121224,58],{"class":57},[47,121226,62],{"class":61},[47,121228,121229],{"class":65},"Your score is ",[47,121231,253],{"class":61},[47,121233,1844],{"class":57},[47,121235,48308],{"class":919},[47,121237,101],{"class":83},[47,121239,84924],{"class":87},[47,121241,107],{"class":83},[47,121243,121244],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,121245,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,121247,121248,121250,121252,121254],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,121249,98],{"class":97},[47,121251,101],{"class":83},[47,121253,89427],{"class":87},[47,121255,107],{"class":83},[20,121257,121258],{},[121,121259,338],{},[38,121261,121263],{"className":40,"code":121262,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121264,121265],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121266,121267,121270,121272],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121268,121269],{"class":53},"Your score ",[47,121271,11593],{"class":57},[47,121273,121218],{"class":586},[20,121275,1684,121276,121280],{},[154,121277,121278,1691],{"href":1687},[15,121279,1690],{}," can help you check.",[33,121282,121284],{"id":121283},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[724,121286,121288],{"id":121287},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[38,121290,121292],{"className":40,"code":121291,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121293,121294,121302,121316,121320,121330],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121295,121296,121298,121300],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121297,864],{"class":53},[47,121299,58],{"class":57},[47,121301,1976],{"class":586},[47,121303,121304,121306,121308,121310,121312,121314],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,121305,54],{"class":53},[47,121307,58],{"class":57},[47,121309,48308],{"class":919},[47,121311,101],{"class":83},[47,121313,878],{"class":87},[47,121315,107],{"class":83},[47,121317,121318],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,121319,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,121321,121322,121324,121326,121328],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,121323,98],{"class":97},[47,121325,101],{"class":83},[47,121327,565],{"class":87},[47,121329,107],{"class":83},[47,121331,121332,121334,121336,121338,121340,121342],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,121333,98],{"class":97},[47,121335,101],{"class":83},[47,121337,2613],{"class":919},[47,121339,101],{"class":83},[47,121341,565],{"class":87},[47,121343,1419],{"class":83},[20,121345,121346],{},[121,121347,338],{},[38,121349,121351],{"className":40,"code":121350,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121352,121353,121357],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121354,121355],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121356,1765],{"class":586},[47,121358,121359,121361,121363,121365,121367,121369],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,121360,2682],{"class":57},[47,121362,2685],{"class":1458},[47,121364,2688],{"class":61},[47,121366,920],{"class":65},[47,121368,2693],{"class":61},[47,121370,2696],{"class":57},[724,121372,121374],{"id":121373},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[38,121376,121378],{"className":40,"code":121377,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121379,121380,121389,121403,121407,121417],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121381,121382,121384,121386],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121383,39790],{"class":53},[47,121385,58],{"class":57},[47,121387,121388],{"class":586}," 3.14\n",[47,121390,121391,121393,121395,121397,121399,121401],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,121392,54],{"class":53},[47,121394,58],{"class":57},[47,121396,48308],{"class":919},[47,121398,101],{"class":83},[47,121400,24553],{"class":87},[47,121402,107],{"class":83},[47,121404,121405],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,121406,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,121408,121409,121411,121413,121415],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,121410,98],{"class":97},[47,121412,101],{"class":83},[47,121414,565],{"class":87},[47,121416,107],{"class":83},[47,121418,121419,121421,121423,121425,121427,121429],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,121420,98],{"class":97},[47,121422,101],{"class":83},[47,121424,2613],{"class":919},[47,121426,101],{"class":83},[47,121428,565],{"class":87},[47,121430,1419],{"class":83},[20,121432,121433],{},[121,121434,338],{},[38,121436,121438],{"className":40,"code":121437,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121439,121440,121444],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121441,121442],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121443,39580],{"class":586},[47,121445,121446,121448,121450,121452,121454,121456],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,121447,2682],{"class":57},[47,121449,2685],{"class":1458},[47,121451,2688],{"class":61},[47,121453,920],{"class":65},[47,121455,2693],{"class":61},[47,121457,2696],{"class":57},[724,121459,121461],{"id":121460},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[38,121463,121465],{"className":40,"code":121464,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121466,121467,121475,121489,121493,121503],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121468,121469,121471,121473],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121470,1836],{"class":53},[47,121472,58],{"class":57},[47,121474,5822],{"class":1271},[47,121476,121477,121479,121481,121483,121485,121487],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,121478,54],{"class":53},[47,121480,58],{"class":57},[47,121482,48308],{"class":919},[47,121484,101],{"class":83},[47,121486,1863],{"class":87},[47,121488,107],{"class":83},[47,121490,121491],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,121492,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,121494,121495,121497,121499,121501],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,121496,98],{"class":97},[47,121498,101],{"class":83},[47,121500,565],{"class":87},[47,121502,107],{"class":83},[47,121504,121505,121507,121509,121511,121513,121515],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,121506,98],{"class":97},[47,121508,101],{"class":83},[47,121510,2613],{"class":919},[47,121512,101],{"class":83},[47,121514,565],{"class":87},[47,121516,1419],{"class":83},[20,121518,121519],{},[121,121520,338],{},[38,121522,121524],{"className":40,"code":121523,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121525,121526,121530],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121527,121528],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121529,1264],{"class":1271},[47,121531,121532,121534,121536,121538,121540,121542],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,121533,2682],{"class":57},[47,121535,2685],{"class":1458},[47,121537,2688],{"class":61},[47,121539,920],{"class":65},[47,121541,2693],{"class":61},[47,121543,2696],{"class":57},[724,121545,121547],{"id":121546},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[38,121549,121551],{"className":40,"code":121550,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121552,121553,121573,121587,121591,121601],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121554,121555,121557,121559,121561,121563,121565,121567,121569,121571],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121556,7178],{"class":53},[47,121558,58],{"class":57},[47,121560,3017],{"class":83},[47,121562,2377],{"class":586},[47,121564,590],{"class":83},[47,121566,2382],{"class":586},[47,121568,590],{"class":83},[47,121570,1841],{"class":586},[47,121572,3030],{"class":83},[47,121574,121575,121577,121579,121581,121583,121585],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,121576,54],{"class":53},[47,121578,58],{"class":57},[47,121580,48308],{"class":919},[47,121582,101],{"class":83},[47,121584,7209],{"class":87},[47,121586,107],{"class":83},[47,121588,121589],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,121590,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,121592,121593,121595,121597,121599],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,121594,98],{"class":97},[47,121596,101],{"class":83},[47,121598,565],{"class":87},[47,121600,107],{"class":83},[47,121602,121603,121605,121607,121609,121611,121613],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,121604,98],{"class":97},[47,121606,101],{"class":83},[47,121608,2613],{"class":919},[47,121610,101],{"class":83},[47,121612,565],{"class":87},[47,121614,1419],{"class":83},[20,121616,121617],{},[121,121618,338],{},[38,121620,121622],{"className":40,"code":121621,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121623,121624,121640],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121625,121626,121628,121630,121632,121634,121636,121638],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121627,3296],{"class":83},[47,121629,2377],{"class":586},[47,121631,590],{"class":83},[47,121633,2382],{"class":586},[47,121635,590],{"class":83},[47,121637,1841],{"class":586},[47,121639,3030],{"class":83},[47,121641,121642,121644,121646,121648,121650,121652],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,121643,2682],{"class":57},[47,121645,2685],{"class":1458},[47,121647,2688],{"class":61},[47,121649,920],{"class":65},[47,121651,2693],{"class":61},[47,121653,2696],{"class":57},[20,121655,121656,121657,121659],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[121,121658,123],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[33,121661,603,121663],{"id":121662},"when-to-use-str",[15,121664,47088],{},[20,121666,1486,121667,121669],{},[15,121668,47088],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,121671,35830],{},[133,121673,121674,121677,121680,121683],{},[136,121675,121676],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[136,121678,121679],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[136,121681,121682],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[136,121684,121685],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,121687,538],{},[38,121689,121691],{"className":40,"code":121690,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,121692,121693,121705,121713,121717,121752],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121694,121695,121697,121699,121701,121703],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121696,212],{"class":53},[47,121698,58],{"class":57},[47,121700,62],{"class":61},[47,121702,10907],{"class":65},[47,121704,69],{"class":61},[47,121706,121707,121709,121711],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,121708,21030],{"class":53},[47,121710,58],{"class":57},[47,121712,44629],{"class":586},[47,121714,121715],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,121716,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,121718,121719,121721,121723,121725,121727,121729,121731,121733,121735,121737,121739,121741,121743,121745,121747,121750],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,121720,89410],{"class":53},[47,121722,58],{"class":57},[47,121724,35373],{"class":53},[47,121726,1452],{"class":57},[47,121728,62],{"class":61},[47,121730,4181],{"class":65},[47,121732,253],{"class":61},[47,121734,1844],{"class":57},[47,121736,48308],{"class":919},[47,121738,101],{"class":83},[47,121740,8697],{"class":87},[47,121742,3057],{"class":83},[47,121744,1844],{"class":57},[47,121746,62],{"class":61},[47,121748,121749],{"class":65}," years old.",[47,121751,69],{"class":61},[47,121753,121754,121756,121758,121760],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,121755,98],{"class":97},[47,121757,101],{"class":83},[47,121759,89427],{"class":87},[47,121761,107],{"class":83},[20,121763,121764],{},[121,121765,338],{},[38,121767,121769],{"className":40,"code":121768,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,121770,121771],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121772,121773,121776,121778,121780,121783],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121774,121775],{"class":53},"Maya ",[47,121777,11593],{"class":57},[47,121779,8704],{"class":586},[47,121781,121782],{"class":53}," years old",[47,121784,121785],{"class":83},".\n",[20,121787,121788,121789,84],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[154,121790,89096],{"href":1306},[33,121792,121794,9985,121796],{"id":121793},"str-vs-print",[15,121795,47088],{},[15,121797,45856],{},[20,121799,121800],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[133,121802,121803,121808],{},[136,121804,121805,121807],{},[15,121806,47088],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[136,121809,121810,121812],{},[15,121811,45856],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,121814,538],{},[38,121816,121818],{"className":40,"code":121817,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,121819,121820,121828,121832,121846,121856,121870],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121821,121822,121824,121826],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121823,1836],{"class":53},[47,121825,58],{"class":57},[47,121827,2158],{"class":586},[47,121829,121830],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,121831,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,121833,121834,121836,121838,121840,121842,121844],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,121835,54],{"class":53},[47,121837,58],{"class":57},[47,121839,48308],{"class":919},[47,121841,101],{"class":83},[47,121843,1863],{"class":87},[47,121845,107],{"class":83},[47,121847,121848,121850,121852,121854],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,121849,98],{"class":97},[47,121851,101],{"class":83},[47,121853,565],{"class":87},[47,121855,107],{"class":83},[47,121857,121858,121860,121862,121864,121866,121868],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,121859,98],{"class":97},[47,121861,101],{"class":83},[47,121863,2613],{"class":919},[47,121865,101],{"class":83},[47,121867,565],{"class":87},[47,121869,1419],{"class":83},[47,121871,121872,121874,121876,121878,121880,121882],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,121873,98],{"class":97},[47,121875,101],{"class":83},[47,121877,2613],{"class":919},[47,121879,101],{"class":83},[47,121881,1863],{"class":87},[47,121883,1419],{"class":83},[20,121885,121886],{},[121,121887,338],{},[38,121889,121891],{"className":40,"code":121890,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,121892,121893,121897,121911],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121894,121895],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121896,46016],{"class":586},[47,121898,121899,121901,121903,121905,121907,121909],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,121900,2682],{"class":57},[47,121902,2685],{"class":1458},[47,121904,2688],{"class":61},[47,121906,920],{"class":65},[47,121908,2693],{"class":61},[47,121910,2696],{"class":57},[47,121912,121913,121915,121917,121919,121921,121923],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,121914,2682],{"class":57},[47,121916,2685],{"class":1458},[47,121918,2688],{"class":61},[47,121920,890],{"class":65},[47,121922,2693],{"class":61},[47,121924,2696],{"class":57},[20,121926,121927],{},"Notice:",[133,121929,121930,121936,121941],{},[136,121931,121932,121935],{},[15,121933,121934],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[136,121937,121938,121940],{},[15,121939,45856],{}," only displayed values",[136,121942,121943,121945,121946,121948,121949,60706,121951],{},[15,121944,45856],{}," did not change ",[15,121947,1863],{}," from ",[15,121950,890],{},[15,121952,920],{},[20,121954,121955,121956,84],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[154,121957,121958,1691],{"href":45853},[15,121959,45856],{},[33,121961,121963,9985,121965,121968],{"id":121962},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,121964,47088],{},[15,121966,121967],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,121970,121971],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[133,121973,121974,121979],{},[136,121975,121976,121978],{},[15,121977,47088],{}," is the more readable text version",[136,121980,121981,121983],{},[15,121982,121967],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,121985,121986,121987,121989],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,121988,47088],{}," much more often.",[20,121991,121992,121993,121995],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,121994,47088],{}," is usually the right choice.",[33,121997,3915],{"id":3914},[724,121999,25178,122001,122003],{"id":122000},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122002,47088],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122005,122006,122008],{},[15,122007,47088],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[38,122010,122012],{"className":40,"code":122011,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122013,122014,122022,122036,122040,122050,122064,122074],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122015,122016,122018,122020],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122017,21030],{"class":53},[47,122019,58],{"class":57},[47,122021,44629],{"class":586},[47,122023,122024,122026,122028,122030,122032,122034],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122025,54],{"class":53},[47,122027,58],{"class":57},[47,122029,48308],{"class":919},[47,122031,101],{"class":83},[47,122033,8697],{"class":87},[47,122035,107],{"class":83},[47,122037,122038],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,122039,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,122041,122042,122044,122046,122048],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,122043,98],{"class":97},[47,122045,101],{"class":83},[47,122047,8697],{"class":87},[47,122049,107],{"class":83},[47,122051,122052,122054,122056,122058,122060,122062],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,122053,98],{"class":97},[47,122055,101],{"class":83},[47,122057,2613],{"class":919},[47,122059,101],{"class":83},[47,122061,8697],{"class":87},[47,122063,1419],{"class":83},[47,122065,122066,122068,122070,122072],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,122067,98],{"class":97},[47,122069,101],{"class":83},[47,122071,565],{"class":87},[47,122073,107],{"class":83},[47,122075,122076,122078,122080,122082,122084,122086],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,122077,98],{"class":97},[47,122079,101],{"class":83},[47,122081,2613],{"class":919},[47,122083,101],{"class":83},[47,122085,565],{"class":87},[47,122087,1419],{"class":83},[20,122089,122090],{},[121,122091,338],{},[38,122093,122095],{"className":40,"code":122094,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122096,122097,122101,122115,122119],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122098,122099],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122100,2098],{"class":586},[47,122102,122103,122105,122107,122109,122111,122113],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122104,2682],{"class":57},[47,122106,2685],{"class":1458},[47,122108,2688],{"class":61},[47,122110,890],{"class":65},[47,122112,2693],{"class":61},[47,122114,2696],{"class":57},[47,122116,122117],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,122118,2098],{"class":586},[47,122120,122121,122123,122125,122127,122129,122131],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,122122,2682],{"class":57},[47,122124,2685],{"class":1458},[47,122126,2688],{"class":61},[47,122128,920],{"class":65},[47,122130,2693],{"class":61},[47,122132,2696],{"class":57},[724,122134,122136],{"id":122135},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122138,6088],{},[38,122140,122142],{"className":40,"code":122141,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122143,122144,122152],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122145,122146,122148,122150],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122147,21030],{"class":53},[47,122149,58],{"class":57},[47,122151,44629],{"class":586},[47,122153,122154,122156,122158,122160,122162,122164],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122155,54],{"class":53},[47,122157,58],{"class":57},[47,122159,48308],{"class":919},[47,122161,101],{"class":83},[47,122163,8697],{"class":87},[47,122165,107],{"class":83},[20,122167,122168],{},"But if you only do this:",[38,122170,122172],{"className":40,"code":122171,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122173,122174,122182],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122175,122176,122178,122180],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122177,21030],{"class":53},[47,122179,58],{"class":57},[47,122181,44629],{"class":586},[47,122183,122184,122186,122188,122190],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122185,920],{"class":919},[47,122187,101],{"class":83},[47,122189,8697],{"class":87},[47,122191,107],{"class":83},[20,122193,122194],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[724,122196,7816,122198,122200],{"id":122197},"using-str-too-early",[15,122199,47088],{}," too early",[20,122202,122203],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[38,122205,122207],{"className":40,"code":122206,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122208,122209,122217,122232,122236],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122210,122211,122213,122215],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122212,39790],{"class":53},[47,122214,58],{"class":57},[47,122216,1976],{"class":586},[47,122218,122219,122222,122224,122226,122228,122230],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122220,122221],{"class":53},"text_price ",[47,122223,58],{"class":57},[47,122225,48308],{"class":919},[47,122227,101],{"class":83},[47,122229,24553],{"class":87},[47,122231,107],{"class":83},[47,122233,122234],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,122235,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,122237,122238],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,122239,122240],{"class":113},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122242,122243,122244,158,122248,122252],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[154,122245,122246],{"href":2263},[15,122247,2266],{},[154,122249,122250],{"href":2269},[15,122251,2272],{},", depending on the situation.",[724,122254,7852,122256,122259],{"id":122255},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122257,122258],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122261,64049],{},[38,122263,122265],{"className":40,"code":122264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122266,122267,122299],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122268,122269,122271,122273,122275,122277,122279,122281,122283,122285,122287,122289,122291,122293,122295,122297],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122270,7178],{"class":53},[47,122272,58],{"class":57},[47,122274,3017],{"class":83},[47,122276,253],{"class":61},[47,122278,3475],{"class":65},[47,122280,253],{"class":61},[47,122282,590],{"class":83},[47,122284,62],{"class":61},[47,122286,288],{"class":65},[47,122288,253],{"class":61},[47,122290,590],{"class":83},[47,122292,62],{"class":61},[47,122294,32627],{"class":65},[47,122296,253],{"class":61},[47,122298,3030],{"class":83},[47,122300,122301,122303,122305,122307,122309,122311],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122302,98],{"class":97},[47,122304,101],{"class":83},[47,122306,920],{"class":919},[47,122308,101],{"class":83},[47,122310,7209],{"class":87},[47,122312,1419],{"class":83},[20,122314,122315],{},"prints:",[38,122317,122318],{"className":40,"code":72241,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,122319,122320],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122321,122322,122324,122326,122328,122330,122332,122334,122336,122338,122340,122342,122344,122346],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122323,3296],{"class":83},[47,122325,2693],{"class":61},[47,122327,3475],{"class":65},[47,122329,2693],{"class":61},[47,122331,590],{"class":83},[47,122333,2688],{"class":61},[47,122335,288],{"class":65},[47,122337,2693],{"class":61},[47,122339,590],{"class":83},[47,122341,2688],{"class":61},[47,122343,32627],{"class":65},[47,122345,2693],{"class":61},[47,122347,3030],{"class":83},[20,122349,122350],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[33,122352,16821],{"id":16820},[20,122354,122355,21377,122357,84],{},[15,122356,47088],{},[121,122358,122359],{},"new string",[20,122361,188],{},[133,122363,122364,122367,122370],{},[136,122365,122366],{},"It always returns a string",[136,122368,122369],{},"It does not modify the original object",[136,122371,7161,122372,122376],{},[154,122373,122374],{"href":1687},[15,122375,1690],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122378,538],{},[38,122380,122382],{"className":40,"code":122381,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122383,122384,122392,122407,122411,122422],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122385,122386,122388,122390],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122387,1836],{"class":53},[47,122389,58],{"class":57},[47,122391,13532],{"class":586},[47,122393,122394,122397,122399,122401,122403,122405],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122395,122396],{"class":53},"converted ",[47,122398,58],{"class":57},[47,122400,48308],{"class":919},[47,122402,101],{"class":83},[47,122404,1863],{"class":87},[47,122406,107],{"class":83},[47,122408,122409],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,122410,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,122412,122413,122415,122417,122420],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,122414,98],{"class":97},[47,122416,101],{"class":83},[47,122418,122419],{"class":87},"converted",[47,122421,107],{"class":83},[47,122423,122424,122426,122428,122430,122432,122434],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,122425,98],{"class":97},[47,122427,101],{"class":83},[47,122429,2613],{"class":919},[47,122431,101],{"class":83},[47,122433,122419],{"class":87},[47,122435,1419],{"class":83},[20,122437,122438],{},[121,122439,338],{},[38,122441,122443],{"className":40,"code":122442,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122444,122445,122450],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122446,122447],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122448,122449],{"class":586},"99\n",[47,122451,122452,122454,122456,122458,122460,122462],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122453,2682],{"class":57},[47,122455,2685],{"class":1458},[47,122457,2688],{"class":61},[47,122459,920],{"class":65},[47,122461,2693],{"class":61},[47,122463,2696],{"class":57},[33,122465,113125],{"id":113124},[20,122467,122468,122469,74220],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,122470,47088],{},[133,122472,122473,122476,122479,122484],{},[136,122474,122475],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[136,122477,122478],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[136,122480,7816,122481,122483],{},[15,122482,47088],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[136,122485,122486],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,122488,122489,122490,84],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[154,122491,25083,122492],{"href":89808},[15,122493,89809],{},[33,122495,122497],{"id":122496},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,122499,122500],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[38,122502,122504],{"className":40,"code":122503,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122505,122506,122514,122518,122528,122542,122546,122560,122570],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122507,122508,122510,122512],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122509,1836],{"class":53},[47,122511,58],{"class":57},[47,122513,44629],{"class":586},[47,122515,122516],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122517,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,122519,122520,122522,122524,122526],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,122521,98],{"class":97},[47,122523,101],{"class":83},[47,122525,1863],{"class":87},[47,122527,107],{"class":83},[47,122529,122530,122532,122534,122536,122538,122540],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,122531,98],{"class":97},[47,122533,101],{"class":83},[47,122535,2613],{"class":919},[47,122537,101],{"class":83},[47,122539,1863],{"class":87},[47,122541,1419],{"class":83},[47,122543,122544],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,122545,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,122547,122548,122550,122552,122554,122556,122558],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,122549,122396],{"class":53},[47,122551,58],{"class":57},[47,122553,48308],{"class":919},[47,122555,101],{"class":83},[47,122557,1863],{"class":87},[47,122559,107],{"class":83},[47,122561,122562,122564,122566,122568],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,122563,98],{"class":97},[47,122565,101],{"class":83},[47,122567,122419],{"class":87},[47,122569,107],{"class":83},[47,122571,122572,122574,122576,122578,122580,122582],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,122573,98],{"class":97},[47,122575,101],{"class":83},[47,122577,2613],{"class":919},[47,122579,101],{"class":83},[47,122581,122419],{"class":87},[47,122583,1419],{"class":83},[20,122585,122586,122587,712,122589,122591,122592,84],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,122588,890],{},[15,122590,1584],{},", or another type into ",[15,122593,920],{},[33,122595,1155],{"id":1154},[724,122597,4540,122599,4543],{"id":122598},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,122600,47088],{},[20,122602,122603],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[724,122605,1159,122607,122609],{"id":122606},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,122608,47088],{}," change the original variable?",[20,122611,122612],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[724,122614,4568,122616,122618],{"id":122615},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,122617,47088],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,122620,122621],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[724,122623,93993,122625,122627],{"id":122624},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,122626,47088],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,122629,122630],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[724,122632,14305,122634,56611,122636,1883],{"id":122633},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,122635,47088],{},[15,122637,45856],{},[20,122639,45769,122640,122642,122643,122645],{},[15,122641,47088],{}," converts to text. ",[15,122644,45856],{}," shows output.",[33,122647,1275],{"id":1274},[133,122649,122650,122656,122662,122668,122674,122683,122687],{},[136,122651,122652],{},[154,122653,122654,2901],{"href":45853},[15,122655,45856],{},[136,122657,122658],{},[154,122659,122660,2901],{"href":1687},[15,122661,1690],{},[136,122663,122664],{},[154,122665,122666,2901],{"href":2263},[15,122667,2266],{},[136,122669,122670],{},[154,122671,122672,2901],{"href":2269},[15,122673,2272],{},[136,122675,122676],{},[154,122677,122679,122680,122682],{"href":122678},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,122681,890],{}," to string in Python",[136,122684,122685],{},[154,122686,1307],{"href":1306},[136,122688,122689],{},[154,122690,29752,122691],{"href":89808},[15,122692,89809],{},[1320,122694,122695],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":122697},[122698,122699,122701,122702,122708,122710,122712,122714,122723,122724,122725,122726,122738],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":121116,"depth":72,"text":122700},"What str() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":121283,"depth":72,"text":121284,"children":122703},[122704,122705,122706,122707],{"id":121287,"depth":94,"text":121288},{"id":121373,"depth":94,"text":121374},{"id":121460,"depth":94,"text":121461},{"id":121546,"depth":94,"text":121547},{"id":121662,"depth":72,"text":122709},"When to use str()",{"id":121793,"depth":72,"text":122711},"str() vs print()",{"id":121962,"depth":72,"text":122713},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":3914,"depth":72,"text":3915,"children":122715},[122716,122718,122719,122721],{"id":122000,"depth":94,"text":122717},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122135,"depth":94,"text":122136},{"id":122197,"depth":94,"text":122720},"Using str() too early",{"id":122255,"depth":94,"text":122722},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":16820,"depth":72,"text":16821},{"id":113124,"depth":72,"text":113125},{"id":122496,"depth":72,"text":122497},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":122727},[122728,122730,122732,122734,122736],{"id":122598,"depth":94,"text":122729},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":122606,"depth":94,"text":122731},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":122615,"depth":94,"text":122733},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":122624,"depth":94,"text":122735},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":122633,"depth":94,"text":122737},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":41579,"description":122739},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":122746,"title":122747,"body":122748,"description":124193,"extension":1354,"meta":124194,"navigation":311,"path":124195,"seo":124196,"stem":124197,"__hash__":124198},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":122749,"toc":124155},[122750,122755,122760,122763,122785,122787,122849,122851,122864,122870,122875,122880,122882,122895,122906,122908,122935,122937,122954,122961,122972,122974,122979,122981,122993,123001,123009,123011,123014,123067,123069,123077,123085,123089,123094,123134,123136,123144,123147,123149,123189,123191,123199,123209,123215,123218,123291,123293,123306,123310,123315,123343,123346,123381,123383,123391,123394,123398,123402,123404,123420,123422,123462,123464,123472,123479,123522,123524,123532,123534,123538,123544,123547,123587,123589,123597,123602,123605,123648,123652,123655,123690,123695,123697,123736,123746,123754,123764,123772,123776,123781,123783,123824,123826,123834,123839,123842,123845,123863,123869,123873,123878,123881,123920,123922,123927,124026,124029,124045,124047,124066,124068,124074,124077,124083,124086,124092,124096,124102,124105,124111,124114,124116,124152],[10,122751,13,122753,18],{"id":122752},"python-string-count-method",[15,122754,56696],{},[20,122756,22,122757,122759],{},[15,122758,56696],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,122761,122762],{},"This reference page explains:",[133,122764,122765,122769,122772,122774,122782],{},[136,122766,25423,122767,131],{},[15,122768,56696],{},[136,122770,122771],{},"its syntax",[136,122773,34798],{},[136,122775,122776,122777,1063,122779,122781],{},"how ",[15,122778,35476],{},[15,122780,52065],{}," work",[136,122783,122784],{},"common beginner mistakes",[33,122786,36],{"id":35},[38,122788,122790],{"className":40,"code":122789,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,122791,122792,122804,122826],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122793,122794,122796,122798,122800,122802],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122795,54],{"class":53},[47,122797,58],{"class":57},[47,122799,62],{"class":61},[47,122801,288],{"class":65},[47,122803,69],{"class":61},[47,122805,122806,122808,122810,122812,122814,122816,122818,122820,122822,122824],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122807,98],{"class":97},[47,122809,101],{"class":83},[47,122811,565],{"class":87},[47,122813,84],{"class":83},[47,122815,40663],{"class":87},[47,122817,101],{"class":83},[47,122819,253],{"class":61},[47,122821,154],{"class":65},[47,122823,253],{"class":61},[47,122825,1419],{"class":83},[47,122827,122828,122830,122832,122834,122836,122838,122840,122842,122845,122847],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,122829,98],{"class":97},[47,122831,101],{"class":83},[47,122833,565],{"class":87},[47,122835,84],{"class":83},[47,122837,40663],{"class":87},[47,122839,101],{"class":83},[47,122841,253],{"class":61},[47,122843,122844],{"class":65},"na",[47,122846,253],{"class":61},[47,122848,1419],{"class":83},[20,122850,338],{},[38,122852,122854],{"className":40,"code":122853,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3\n2\n",[15,122855,122856,122860],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122857,122858],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122859,46021],{"class":586},[47,122861,122862],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122863,16458],{"class":586},[20,122865,1486,122866,122869],{},[15,122867,122868],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[33,122871,12396,122873,12399],{"id":122872},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,122874,56696],{},[20,122876,122877,122879],{},[15,122878,56696],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,122881,12452],{},[133,122883,122884,122887,122890,122892],{},[136,122885,122886],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[136,122888,122889],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[136,122891,43061],{},[136,122893,122894],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,122896,122897,122898,122900,122901,712,122903,122905],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,122899,17498],{}," characters are in ",[15,122902,64680],{},[15,122904,56696],{}," is a simple choice.",[33,122907,166],{"id":165},[38,122909,122911],{"className":40,"code":122910,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,122912,122913],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122914,122915,122917,122919,122921,122923,122925,122927,122929,122931,122933],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122916,179],{"class":53},[47,122918,84],{"class":83},[47,122920,40663],{"class":87},[47,122922,101],{"class":83},[47,122924,1863],{"class":87},[47,122926,590],{"class":83},[47,122928,35455],{"class":87},[47,122930,590],{"class":83},[47,122932,64446],{"class":87},[47,122934,107],{"class":83},[724,122936,16797],{"id":16796},[133,122938,122939,122944,122949],{},[136,122940,122941,122943],{},[15,122942,1863],{},": the text to search for",[136,122945,122946,122948],{},[15,122947,35476],{},": optional; where counting begins",[136,122950,122951,122953],{},[15,122952,52065],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,122955,122956,1063,122958,122960],{},[15,122957,35476],{},[15,122959,52065],{}," work like slice positions:",[133,122962,122963,122968],{},[136,122964,122965,122967],{},[15,122966,35476],{}," is included",[136,122969,122970,75146],{},[15,122971,52065],{},[33,122973,16821],{"id":16820},[20,122975,122976,122978],{},[15,122977,56696],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,122980,1520],{},[133,122982,122983,122988],{},[136,122984,122985,122986],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,122987,1455],{},[136,122989,122990,122991],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,122992,1514],{},[20,122994,40309,122995,4559,122997,158,122999,84],{},[121,122996,123],{},[15,122998,2997],{},[15,123000,3070],{},[20,123002,123003,123004,123008],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[154,123005,123006,101000],{"href":1312},[15,123007,3278],{}," is often a better fit.",[33,123010,268],{"id":267},[20,123012,123013],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[38,123015,123017],{"className":40,"code":123016,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123018,123019,123031,123053,123057],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123020,123021,123023,123025,123027,123029],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123022,54],{"class":53},[47,123024,58],{"class":57},[47,123026,62],{"class":61},[47,123028,3475],{"class":65},[47,123030,69],{"class":61},[47,123032,123033,123035,123037,123039,123041,123043,123045,123047,123049,123051],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,123034,75],{"class":53},[47,123036,58],{"class":57},[47,123038,80],{"class":53},[47,123040,84],{"class":83},[47,123042,40663],{"class":87},[47,123044,101],{"class":83},[47,123046,253],{"class":61},[47,123048,20],{"class":65},[47,123050,253],{"class":61},[47,123052,107],{"class":83},[47,123054,123055],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,123056,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,123058,123059,123061,123063,123065],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,123060,98],{"class":97},[47,123062,101],{"class":83},[47,123064,104],{"class":87},[47,123066,107],{"class":83},[20,123068,338],{},[38,123070,123071],{"className":40,"code":16458,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,123072,123073],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123074,123075],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123076,16458],{"class":586},[20,123078,63225,123079,123082,123083,84],{},[15,123080,123081],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123084,57239],{},[33,123086,123088],{"id":123087},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123090,123091,123093],{},[15,123092,56696],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[38,123095,123097],{"className":40,"code":123096,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123098,123099,123112],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123100,123101,123103,123105,123107,123110],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123102,54],{"class":53},[47,123104,58],{"class":57},[47,123106,62],{"class":61},[47,123108,123109],{"class":65},"cat dog cat bird cat",[47,123111,69],{"class":61},[47,123113,123114,123116,123118,123120,123122,123124,123126,123128,123130,123132],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,123115,98],{"class":97},[47,123117,101],{"class":83},[47,123119,565],{"class":87},[47,123121,84],{"class":83},[47,123123,40663],{"class":87},[47,123125,101],{"class":83},[47,123127,253],{"class":61},[47,123129,36452],{"class":65},[47,123131,253],{"class":61},[47,123133,1419],{"class":83},[20,123135,338],{},[38,123137,123138],{"className":40,"code":46021,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,123139,123140],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123141,123142],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123143,46021],{"class":586},[20,123145,123146],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123148,538],{},[38,123150,123152],{"className":40,"code":123151,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123153,123154,123167],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123155,123156,123158,123160,123162,123165],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123157,54],{"class":53},[47,123159,58],{"class":57},[47,123161,62],{"class":61},[47,123163,123164],{"class":65},"one One one",[47,123166,69],{"class":61},[47,123168,123169,123171,123173,123175,123177,123179,123181,123183,123185,123187],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,123170,98],{"class":97},[47,123172,101],{"class":83},[47,123174,565],{"class":87},[47,123176,84],{"class":83},[47,123178,40663],{"class":87},[47,123180,101],{"class":83},[47,123182,253],{"class":61},[47,123184,5985],{"class":65},[47,123186,253],{"class":61},[47,123188,1419],{"class":83},[20,123190,338],{},[38,123192,123193],{"className":40,"code":16458,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,123194,123195],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123196,123197],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123198,16458],{"class":586},[20,123200,123201,123202,123205,123206,123208],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123203,123204],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123207,56696],{}," is case-sensitive.",[33,123210,7816,123211,1063,123213],{"id":64812},[15,123212,35476],{},[15,123214,52065],{},[20,123216,123217],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[38,123219,123221],{"className":40,"code":123220,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123222,123223,123235,123261],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123224,123225,123227,123229,123231,123233],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123226,54],{"class":53},[47,123228,58],{"class":57},[47,123230,62],{"class":61},[47,123232,288],{"class":65},[47,123234,69],{"class":61},[47,123236,123237,123239,123241,123243,123245,123247,123249,123251,123253,123255,123257,123259],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,123238,98],{"class":97},[47,123240,101],{"class":83},[47,123242,565],{"class":87},[47,123244,84],{"class":83},[47,123246,40663],{"class":87},[47,123248,101],{"class":83},[47,123250,253],{"class":61},[47,123252,154],{"class":65},[47,123254,253],{"class":61},[47,123256,590],{"class":83},[47,123258,2382],{"class":586},[47,123260,1419],{"class":83},[47,123262,123263,123265,123267,123269,123271,123273,123275,123277,123279,123281,123283,123285,123287,123289],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,123264,98],{"class":97},[47,123266,101],{"class":83},[47,123268,565],{"class":87},[47,123270,84],{"class":83},[47,123272,40663],{"class":87},[47,123274,101],{"class":83},[47,123276,253],{"class":61},[47,123278,154],{"class":65},[47,123280,253],{"class":61},[47,123282,590],{"class":83},[47,123284,2382],{"class":586},[47,123286,590],{"class":83},[47,123288,4002],{"class":586},[47,123290,1419],{"class":83},[20,123292,338],{},[38,123294,123296],{"className":40,"code":123295,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"2\n1\n",[15,123297,123298,123302],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123299,123300],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123301,16458],{"class":586},[47,123303,123304],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,123305,46321],{"class":586},[724,123307,123309],{"id":123308},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123311,123312,123313,1032],{},"In ",[15,123314,64680],{},[133,123316,123317,123325,123333],{},[136,123318,70370,123319,123321,123322],{},[15,123320,1449],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123323,123324],{},"\"n\"",[136,123326,123327,123330,123331,75444],{},[15,123328,123329],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123332,1449],{},[136,123334,123335,123330,123338,123340,123341],{},[15,123336,123337],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123339,1449],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123342,1531],{},[20,123344,123345],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[38,123347,123349],{"className":40,"code":123348,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123350,123351,123363],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123352,123353,123355,123357,123359,123361],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123354,54],{"class":53},[47,123356,58],{"class":57},[47,123358,62],{"class":61},[47,123360,288],{"class":65},[47,123362,69],{"class":61},[47,123364,123365,123367,123369,123371,123373,123375,123377,123379],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,123366,98],{"class":97},[47,123368,101],{"class":83},[47,123370,565],{"class":87},[47,123372,3296],{"class":83},[47,123374,1449],{"class":586},[47,123376,1032],{"class":83},[47,123378,1531],{"class":586},[47,123380,3284],{"class":83},[20,123382,338],{},[38,123384,123385],{"className":40,"code":40872,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,123386,123387],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123388,123389],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123390,40872],{"class":53},[20,123392,123393],{},"Only that section is searched.",[33,123395,123397],{"id":123396},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,123399,123400,123208],{},[15,123401,56696],{},[20,123403,1501],{},[133,123405,123406,123414],{},[136,123407,123408,1063,123410,123413],{},[15,123409,17498],{},[15,123411,123412],{},"\"A\""," are different",[136,123415,123416,1063,123418,123413],{},[15,123417,63940],{},[15,123419,89821],{},[20,123421,538],{},[38,123423,123425],{"className":40,"code":123424,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123426,123427,123440],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123428,123429,123431,123433,123435,123438],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123430,54],{"class":53},[47,123432,58],{"class":57},[47,123434,62],{"class":61},[47,123436,123437],{"class":65},"Apple apple APPLE",[47,123439,69],{"class":61},[47,123441,123442,123444,123446,123448,123450,123452,123454,123456,123458,123460],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,123443,98],{"class":97},[47,123445,101],{"class":83},[47,123447,565],{"class":87},[47,123449,84],{"class":83},[47,123451,40663],{"class":87},[47,123453,101],{"class":83},[47,123455,253],{"class":61},[47,123457,3475],{"class":65},[47,123459,253],{"class":61},[47,123461,1419],{"class":83},[20,123463,338],{},[38,123465,123466],{"className":40,"code":46321,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,123467,123468],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123469,123470],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123471,46321],{"class":586},[20,123473,123474,123475,1032],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[154,123476,123477],{"href":1011},[15,123478,1014],{},[38,123480,123482],{"className":40,"code":123481,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123483,123484,123496],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123485,123486,123488,123490,123492,123494],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123487,54],{"class":53},[47,123489,58],{"class":57},[47,123491,62],{"class":61},[47,123493,123437],{"class":65},[47,123495,69],{"class":61},[47,123497,123498,123500,123502,123504,123506,123508,123510,123512,123514,123516,123518,123520],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,123499,98],{"class":97},[47,123501,101],{"class":83},[47,123503,565],{"class":87},[47,123505,84],{"class":83},[47,123507,8038],{"class":87},[47,123509,8035],{"class":83},[47,123511,40663],{"class":87},[47,123513,101],{"class":83},[47,123515,253],{"class":61},[47,123517,3475],{"class":65},[47,123519,253],{"class":61},[47,123521,1419],{"class":83},[20,123523,338],{},[38,123525,123526],{"className":40,"code":46021,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,123527,123528],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123529,123530],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123531,46021],{"class":586},[33,123533,722],{"id":721},[20,123535,22497,123536,84],{},[15,123537,56696],{},[724,123539,7852,123541,123543],{"id":123540},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,123542,56696],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,123545,123546],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[38,123548,123550],{"className":40,"code":123549,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123551,123552,123565],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123553,123554,123556,123558,123560,123563],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123555,54],{"class":53},[47,123557,58],{"class":57},[47,123559,62],{"class":61},[47,123561,123562],{"class":65},"Aardvark",[47,123564,69],{"class":61},[47,123566,123567,123569,123571,123573,123575,123577,123579,123581,123583,123585],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,123568,98],{"class":97},[47,123570,101],{"class":83},[47,123572,565],{"class":87},[47,123574,84],{"class":83},[47,123576,40663],{"class":87},[47,123578,101],{"class":83},[47,123580,253],{"class":61},[47,123582,154],{"class":65},[47,123584,253],{"class":61},[47,123586,1419],{"class":83},[20,123588,338],{},[38,123590,123591],{"className":40,"code":16458,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,123592,123593],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123594,123595],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123596,16458],{"class":586},[20,123598,123201,123599,123601],{},[15,123600,123412],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,123603,123604],{},"If needed, convert first:",[38,123606,123608],{"className":40,"code":123607,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123609,123610,123622],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123611,123612,123614,123616,123618,123620],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123613,54],{"class":53},[47,123615,58],{"class":57},[47,123617,62],{"class":61},[47,123619,123562],{"class":65},[47,123621,69],{"class":61},[47,123623,123624,123626,123628,123630,123632,123634,123636,123638,123640,123642,123644,123646],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,123625,98],{"class":97},[47,123627,101],{"class":83},[47,123629,565],{"class":87},[47,123631,84],{"class":83},[47,123633,8038],{"class":87},[47,123635,8035],{"class":83},[47,123637,40663],{"class":87},[47,123639,101],{"class":83},[47,123641,253],{"class":61},[47,123643,154],{"class":65},[47,123645,253],{"class":61},[47,123647,1419],{"class":83},[724,123649,123651],{"id":123650},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,123653,123654],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[38,123656,123658],{"className":40,"code":123657,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,123659,123660,123672],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123661,123662,123664,123666,123668,123670],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123663,54],{"class":53},[47,123665,58],{"class":57},[47,123667,62],{"class":61},[47,123669,288],{"class":65},[47,123671,69],{"class":61},[47,123673,123674,123676,123678,123680,123682,123684,123686,123688],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,123675,98],{"class":97},[47,123677,101],{"class":83},[47,123679,565],{"class":87},[47,123681,84],{"class":83},[47,123683,40663],{"class":87},[47,123685,101],{"class":83},[47,123687,154],{"class":87},[47,123689,1419],{"class":83},[20,123691,123692,123693,84],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,123694,154],{},[20,123696,10207],{},[38,123698,123700],{"className":40,"code":123699,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123701,123702,123714],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123703,123704,123706,123708,123710,123712],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123705,54],{"class":53},[47,123707,58],{"class":57},[47,123709,62],{"class":61},[47,123711,288],{"class":65},[47,123713,69],{"class":61},[47,123715,123716,123718,123720,123722,123724,123726,123728,123730,123732,123734],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,123717,98],{"class":97},[47,123719,101],{"class":83},[47,123721,565],{"class":87},[47,123723,84],{"class":83},[47,123725,40663],{"class":87},[47,123727,101],{"class":83},[47,123729,253],{"class":61},[47,123731,154],{"class":65},[47,123733,253],{"class":61},[47,123735,1419],{"class":83},[724,123737,946,123739,8101,123741,158,123744],{"id":123738},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,123740,56696],{},[15,123742,123743],{},"find()",[15,123745,58374],{},[20,123747,1486,123748,123750,123751,84],{},[15,123749,56696],{}," when you need the ",[121,123752,123753],{},"number of matches",[20,123755,1486,123756,123750,123761,123763],{},[154,123757,123759],{"href":123758},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,123760,123743],{},[121,123762,64352],{}," of the first match.",[20,123765,1486,123766,123771],{},[154,123767,123769],{"href":123768},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,123770,58374],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[724,123773,123775],{"id":123774},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,123777,123778,123780],{},[15,123779,56696],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,123782,538],{},[38,123784,123786],{"className":40,"code":123785,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,123787,123788,123801],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123789,123790,123792,123794,123796,123799],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123791,54],{"class":53},[47,123793,58],{"class":57},[47,123795,62],{"class":61},[47,123797,123798],{"class":65},"aaaa",[47,123800,69],{"class":61},[47,123802,123803,123805,123807,123809,123811,123813,123815,123817,123820,123822],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,123804,98],{"class":97},[47,123806,101],{"class":83},[47,123808,565],{"class":87},[47,123810,84],{"class":83},[47,123812,40663],{"class":87},[47,123814,101],{"class":83},[47,123816,253],{"class":61},[47,123818,123819],{"class":65},"aa",[47,123821,253],{"class":61},[47,123823,1419],{"class":83},[20,123825,338],{},[38,123827,123828],{"className":40,"code":16458,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,123829,123830],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123831,123832],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123833,16458],{"class":586},[20,123835,123836,123837,84],{},"It does not return ",[15,123838,1455],{},[20,123840,123841],{},"Why not?",[20,123843,123844],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[133,123846,123847,123856],{},[136,123848,123849,123852,123853],{},[15,123850,123851],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,123854,123855],{},"0-1",[136,123857,123858,123852,123860],{},[15,123859,123851],{},[15,123861,123862],{},"2-3",[20,123864,123865,123866,84],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,123867,123868],{},"1-2",[33,123870,603,123871],{"id":57779},[15,123872,56696],{},[20,123874,1486,123875,123877],{},[15,123876,56696],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,123879,123880],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[133,123882,123883,123892,123902,123912],{},[136,123884,1486,123885,123887,123888,123891],{},[15,123886,56696],{}," when you need ",[121,123889,123890],{},"how many times"," something appears",[136,123893,1486,123894,123887,123898,123901],{},[154,123895,123896],{"href":123758},[15,123897,123743],{},[121,123899,123900],{},"where"," it appears",[136,123903,47215,123904,123908,123909],{},[154,123905,123906,101000],{"href":1312},[15,123907,3278],{}," when you only need to know ",[121,123910,123911],{},"if it exists",[136,123913,1486,123914,123919],{},[154,123915,123917],{"href":123916},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,123918,1021],{}," when you want to change matching text",[33,123921,25346],{"id":25345},[20,123923,8272,123924,123926],{},[15,123925,56696],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[38,123928,123930],{"className":40,"code":123929,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123931,123932,123942,123956,123978,124004],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123933,123934,123936,123938,123940],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123935,98],{"class":97},[47,123937,101],{"class":83},[47,123939,565],{"class":87},[47,123941,107],{"class":83},[47,123943,123944,123946,123948,123950,123952,123954],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,123945,98],{"class":97},[47,123947,101],{"class":83},[47,123949,2613],{"class":919},[47,123951,101],{"class":83},[47,123953,565],{"class":87},[47,123955,1419],{"class":83},[47,123957,123958,123960,123962,123964,123966,123968,123970,123972,123974,123976],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,123959,98],{"class":97},[47,123961,101],{"class":83},[47,123963,565],{"class":87},[47,123965,84],{"class":83},[47,123967,40663],{"class":87},[47,123969,101],{"class":83},[47,123971,253],{"class":61},[47,123973,154],{"class":65},[47,123975,253],{"class":61},[47,123977,1419],{"class":83},[47,123979,123980,123982,123984,123986,123988,123990,123992,123994,123996,123998,124000,124002],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,123981,98],{"class":97},[47,123983,101],{"class":83},[47,123985,565],{"class":87},[47,123987,84],{"class":83},[47,123989,8038],{"class":87},[47,123991,8035],{"class":83},[47,123993,40663],{"class":87},[47,123995,101],{"class":83},[47,123997,253],{"class":61},[47,123999,154],{"class":65},[47,124001,253],{"class":61},[47,124003,1419],{"class":83},[47,124005,124006,124008,124010,124012,124014,124016,124018,124020,124022,124024],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,124007,98],{"class":97},[47,124009,101],{"class":83},[47,124011,565],{"class":87},[47,124013,84],{"class":83},[47,124015,40663],{"class":87},[47,124017,101],{"class":83},[47,124019,253],{"class":61},[47,124021,122844],{"class":65},[47,124023,253],{"class":61},[47,124025,1419],{"class":83},[20,124027,124028],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[133,124030,124031,124034,124039,124042],{},[136,124032,124033],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[136,124035,124036,124038],{},[15,124037,565],{}," not being a string",[136,124040,124041],{},"counting the wrong substring",[136,124043,124044],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124046,58268],{},[133,124048,124049,124052,124055,124058],{},[136,124050,124051],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[136,124053,124054],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[136,124056,124057],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[136,124059,49896,124060,44033,124062,158,124064,72716],{},[15,124061,56696],{},[15,124063,123743],{},[15,124065,3278],{},[33,124067,1155],{"id":1154},[724,124069,124071,124072,1162],{"id":124070},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124073,56696],{},[20,124075,124076],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[724,124078,14305,124080,124082],{"id":124079},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124081,56696],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124084,124085],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[724,124087,4540,124089,124091],{"id":124088},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124090,56696],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124093,4546,124094,84],{},[15,124095,1514],{},[724,124097,4568,124099,124101],{"id":124098},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124100,56696],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124103,124104],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[724,124106,1159,124108,124110],{"id":124107},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124109,56696],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124112,124113],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[33,124115,1275],{"id":1274},[133,124117,124118,124125,124132,124139,124145],{},[136,124119,124120],{},[154,124121,124122],{"href":123758},[15,124123,124124],{},"Python string find() method",[136,124126,124127],{},[154,124128,124129],{"href":123768},[15,124130,124131],{},"Python string index() method",[136,124133,124134],{},[154,124135,124136],{"href":1011},[15,124137,124138],{},"Python string lower() method",[136,124140,124141],{},[154,124142,124143],{"href":1312},[15,124144,1313],{},[136,124146,124147],{},[154,124148,124149],{"href":123916},[15,124150,124151],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1320,124153,124154],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":124156},[124157,124158,124160,124163,124164,124165,124166,124169,124170,124178,124179,124180,124192],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":122872,"depth":72,"text":124159},"What the count() method does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166,"children":124161},[124162],{"id":16796,"depth":94,"text":16797},{"id":16820,"depth":72,"text":16821},{"id":267,"depth":72,"text":268},{"id":123087,"depth":72,"text":123088},{"id":64812,"depth":72,"text":65595,"children":124167},[124168],{"id":123308,"depth":94,"text":123309},{"id":123396,"depth":72,"text":123397},{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722,"children":124171},[124172,124174,124175,124177],{"id":123540,"depth":94,"text":124173},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":123650,"depth":94,"text":123651},{"id":123738,"depth":94,"text":124176},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":123774,"depth":94,"text":123775},{"id":57779,"depth":72,"text":58410},{"id":25345,"depth":72,"text":25346},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":124181},[124182,124184,124186,124188,124190],{"id":124070,"depth":94,"text":124183},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124079,"depth":94,"text":124185},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124088,"depth":94,"text":124187},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124098,"depth":94,"text":124189},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124107,"depth":94,"text":124191},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":122747,"description":124193},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124200,"title":124201,"body":124202,"description":125783,"extension":1354,"meta":125784,"navigation":311,"path":125785,"seo":125786,"stem":125787,"__hash__":125788},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124203,"toc":125756},[124204,124207,124210,124307,124316,124318,124337,124341,124344,124347,124360,124363,124392,124397,124402,124459,124461,124494,124498,124502,124505,124508,124537,124540,124567,124570,124573,124577,124580,124587,124650,124652,124670,124673,124677,124680,124683,124725,124728,124772,124775,124778,124782,124787,124790,124833,124835,124858,124861,124894,124897,124946,124956,124960,124963,124966,124995,124998,125009,125011,125070,125073,125077,125080,125083,125098,125107,125110,125144,125147,125174,125177,125184,125186,125189,125191,125194,125208,125217,125219,125246,125250,125253,125267,125270,125329,125333,125336,125363,125366,125393,125401,125404,125464,125466,125499,125503,125506,125525,125530,125579,125584,125586,125589,125648,125666,125668,125672,125680,125684,125687,125691,125697,125701,125711,125715,125718,125720,125753],[10,124205,124201],{"id":124206},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124208,124209],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[38,124211,124213],{"className":40,"code":124212,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124214,124215,124227,124239,124248,124262,124266,124276,124286,124297],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124216,124217,124219,124221,124223,124225],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124218,212],{"class":53},[47,124220,58],{"class":57},[47,124222,62],{"class":61},[47,124224,4401],{"class":65},[47,124226,69],{"class":61},[47,124228,124229,124231,124233,124235,124237],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,124230,89410],{"class":53},[47,124232,58],{"class":57},[47,124234,2688],{"class":61},[47,124236,34270],{"class":65},[47,124238,29104],{"class":61},[47,124240,124241,124244,124246],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,124242,124243],{"class":53},"empty ",[47,124245,58],{"class":57},[47,124247,7280],{"class":61},[47,124249,124250,124252,124254,124256,124258,124260],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,124251,54],{"class":53},[47,124253,58],{"class":57},[47,124255,48308],{"class":919},[47,124257,101],{"class":83},[47,124259,49650],{"class":586},[47,124261,107],{"class":83},[47,124263,124264],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,124265,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,124267,124268,124270,124272,124274],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,124269,98],{"class":97},[47,124271,101],{"class":83},[47,124273,229],{"class":87},[47,124275,107],{"class":83},[47,124277,124278,124280,124282,124284],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,124279,98],{"class":97},[47,124281,101],{"class":83},[47,124283,89427],{"class":87},[47,124285,107],{"class":83},[47,124287,124288,124290,124292,124295],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,124289,98],{"class":97},[47,124291,101],{"class":83},[47,124293,124294],{"class":87},"empty",[47,124296,107],{"class":83},[47,124298,124299,124301,124303,124305],{"class":49,"line":5831},[47,124300,98],{"class":97},[47,124302,101],{"class":83},[47,124304,565],{"class":87},[47,124306,107],{"class":83},[20,124308,124309,124312,124313,124315],{},[121,124310,124311],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124314,47088],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[33,124317,14565],{"id":14564},[133,124319,124320,124323,124326,124329,124334],{},[136,124321,124322],{},"What a string is in Python",[136,124324,124325],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[136,124327,124328],{},"How to create an empty string",[136,124330,124331,124332],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124333,47088],{},[136,124335,124336],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[33,124338,124340],{"id":124339},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124342,124343],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124345,124346],{},"Strings can contain:",[133,124348,124349,124352,124354,124357],{},[136,124350,124351],{},"Letters",[136,124353,55867],{},[136,124355,124356],{},"Spaces",[136,124358,124359],{},"Symbols",[20,124361,124362],{},"Examples of strings:",[38,124364,124366],{"className":40,"code":124365,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124367,124368,124376,124384],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124369,124370,124372,124374],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124371,253],{"class":42731},[47,124373,256],{"class":42735},[47,124375,69],{"class":42731},[47,124377,124378,124380,124382],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,124379,253],{"class":42731},[47,124381,49650],{"class":42735},[47,124383,69],{"class":42731},[47,124385,124386,124388,124390],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,124387,253],{"class":42731},[47,124389,88553],{"class":42735},[47,124391,69],{"class":42731},[20,124393,443,124394,124396],{},[15,124395,49700],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124398,124399,124400,1032],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124401,1690],{},[38,124403,124405],{"className":40,"code":124404,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124406,124407,124419,124427,124431,124445],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124408,124409,124411,124413,124415,124417],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124410,54],{"class":53},[47,124412,58],{"class":57},[47,124414,62],{"class":61},[47,124416,49650],{"class":65},[47,124418,69],{"class":61},[47,124420,124421,124423,124425],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,124422,864],{"class":53},[47,124424,58],{"class":57},[47,124426,869],{"class":586},[47,124428,124429],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,124430,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,124432,124433,124435,124437,124439,124441,124443],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,124434,98],{"class":97},[47,124436,101],{"class":83},[47,124438,2613],{"class":919},[47,124440,101],{"class":83},[47,124442,565],{"class":87},[47,124444,1419],{"class":83},[47,124446,124447,124449,124451,124453,124455,124457],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,124448,98],{"class":97},[47,124450,101],{"class":83},[47,124452,2613],{"class":919},[47,124454,101],{"class":83},[47,124456,878],{"class":87},[47,124458,1419],{"class":83},[20,124460,338],{},[38,124462,124464],{"className":40,"code":124463,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,124465,124466,124480],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124467,124468,124470,124472,124474,124476,124478],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124469,2682],{"class":57},[47,124471,2685],{"class":1458},[47,124473,2688],{"class":61},[47,124475,920],{"class":65},[47,124477,2693],{"class":61},[47,124479,2696],{"class":57},[47,124481,124482,124484,124486,124488,124490,124492],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,124483,2682],{"class":57},[47,124485,2685],{"class":1458},[47,124487,2688],{"class":61},[47,124489,890],{"class":65},[47,124491,2693],{"class":61},[47,124493,2696],{"class":57},[20,124495,152,124496,84],{},[154,124497,162],{"href":161},[33,124499,124501],{"id":124500},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,124503,124504],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,124506,124507],{},"You can use single quotes:",[38,124509,124511],{"className":40,"code":124510,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124512,124513,124526],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124514,124515,124518,124520,124522,124524],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124516,124517],{"class":53},"greeting ",[47,124519,58],{"class":57},[47,124521,2688],{"class":61},[47,124523,256],{"class":65},[47,124525,29104],{"class":61},[47,124527,124528,124530,124532,124535],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,124529,98],{"class":97},[47,124531,101],{"class":83},[47,124533,124534],{"class":87},"greeting",[47,124536,107],{"class":83},[20,124538,124539],{},"Or double quotes:",[38,124541,124543],{"className":40,"code":124542,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124544,124545,124557],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124546,124547,124549,124551,124553,124555],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124548,124517],{"class":53},[47,124550,58],{"class":57},[47,124552,62],{"class":61},[47,124554,256],{"class":65},[47,124556,69],{"class":61},[47,124558,124559,124561,124563,124565],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,124560,98],{"class":97},[47,124562,101],{"class":83},[47,124564,124534],{"class":87},[47,124566,107],{"class":83},[20,124568,124569],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,124571,124572],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[33,124574,124576],{"id":124575},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,124578,124579],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,124581,124582,124583,158,124585,1032],{},"Use either ",[15,124584,5672],{},[15,124586,3169],{},[38,124588,124590],{"className":40,"code":124589,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,124591,124592,124601,124610,124614,124625,124636],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124593,124594,124597,124599],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124595,124596],{"class":53},"empty1 ",[47,124598,58],{"class":57},[47,124600,7280],{"class":61},[47,124602,124603,124606,124608],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,124604,124605],{"class":53},"empty2 ",[47,124607,58],{"class":57},[47,124609,46900],{"class":61},[47,124611,124612],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,124613,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,124615,124616,124618,124620,124623],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,124617,98],{"class":97},[47,124619,101],{"class":83},[47,124621,124622],{"class":87},"empty1",[47,124624,107],{"class":83},[47,124626,124627,124629,124631,124634],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,124628,98],{"class":97},[47,124630,101],{"class":83},[47,124632,124633],{"class":87},"empty2",[47,124635,107],{"class":83},[47,124637,124638,124640,124642,124644,124646,124648],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,124639,98],{"class":97},[47,124641,101],{"class":83},[47,124643,2613],{"class":919},[47,124645,101],{"class":83},[47,124647,124622],{"class":87},[47,124649,1419],{"class":83},[20,124651,338],{},[38,124653,124654],{"className":40,"code":45174,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,124655,124656],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124657,124658,124660,124662,124664,124666,124668],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124659,2682],{"class":57},[47,124661,2685],{"class":1458},[47,124663,2688],{"class":61},[47,124665,920],{"class":65},[47,124667,2693],{"class":61},[47,124669,2696],{"class":57},[20,124671,124672],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[33,124674,124676],{"id":124675},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,124678,124679],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,124681,124682],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[38,124684,124686],{"className":40,"code":124685,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124687,124688,124699,124704,124711,124715],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124689,124690,124692,124694,124697],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124691,89410],{"class":53},[47,124693,58],{"class":57},[47,124695,124696],{"class":61}," \"\"\"",[47,124698,88353],{"class":65},[47,124700,124701],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,124702,124703],{"class":65},"Welcome to Python\n",[47,124705,124706,124709],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,124707,124708],{"class":65},"Have a nice day",[47,124710,42739],{"class":61},[47,124712,124713],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,124714,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,124716,124717,124719,124721,124723],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,124718,98],{"class":97},[47,124720,101],{"class":83},[47,124722,89427],{"class":87},[47,124724,107],{"class":83},[20,124726,124727],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[38,124729,124731],{"className":40,"code":124730,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124732,124733,124745,124750,124758,124762],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124734,124735,124737,124739,124742],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124736,89410],{"class":53},[47,124738,58],{"class":57},[47,124740,124741],{"class":61}," '''",[47,124743,124744],{"class":65},"Line 1\n",[47,124746,124747],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,124748,124749],{"class":65},"Line 2\n",[47,124751,124752,124755],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,124753,124754],{"class":65},"Line 3",[47,124756,124757],{"class":61},"'''\n",[47,124759,124760],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,124761,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,124763,124764,124766,124768,124770],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,124765,98],{"class":97},[47,124767,101],{"class":83},[47,124769,89427],{"class":87},[47,124771,107],{"class":83},[20,124773,124774],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,124776,124777],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[33,124779,124781],{"id":124780},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,124783,1371,124784,124786],{},[15,124785,47088],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,124788,124789],{},"Example with a number:",[38,124791,124793],{"className":40,"code":124792,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,124794,124795,124809,124819],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124796,124797,124799,124801,124803,124805,124807],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124798,54],{"class":53},[47,124800,58],{"class":57},[47,124802,48308],{"class":919},[47,124804,101],{"class":83},[47,124806,45930],{"class":586},[47,124808,107],{"class":83},[47,124810,124811,124813,124815,124817],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,124812,98],{"class":97},[47,124814,101],{"class":83},[47,124816,565],{"class":87},[47,124818,107],{"class":83},[47,124820,124821,124823,124825,124827,124829,124831],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,124822,98],{"class":97},[47,124824,101],{"class":83},[47,124826,2613],{"class":919},[47,124828,101],{"class":83},[47,124830,565],{"class":87},[47,124832,1419],{"class":83},[20,124834,338],{},[38,124836,124838],{"className":40,"code":124837,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,124839,124840,124844],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124841,124842],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124843,46016],{"class":586},[47,124845,124846,124848,124850,124852,124854,124856],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,124847,2682],{"class":57},[47,124849,2685],{"class":1458},[47,124851,2688],{"class":61},[47,124853,920],{"class":65},[47,124855,2693],{"class":61},[47,124857,2696],{"class":57},[20,124859,124860],{},"You can also convert other values:",[38,124862,124864],{"className":40,"code":124863,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,124865,124866,124880],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124867,124868,124870,124872,124874,124876,124878],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124869,98],{"class":97},[47,124871,101],{"class":83},[47,124873,920],{"class":919},[47,124875,101],{"class":83},[47,124877,2997],{"class":1271},[47,124879,1419],{"class":83},[47,124881,124882,124884,124886,124888,124890,124892],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,124883,98],{"class":97},[47,124885,101],{"class":83},[47,124887,920],{"class":919},[47,124889,101],{"class":83},[47,124891,39546],{"class":586},[47,124893,1419],{"class":83},[20,124895,124896],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[38,124898,124900],{"className":40,"code":124899,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124901,124902,124910,124932,124936],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124903,124904,124906,124908],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124905,21030],{"class":53},[47,124907,58],{"class":57},[47,124909,44629],{"class":586},[47,124911,124912,124914,124916,124918,124920,124922,124924,124926,124928,124930],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,124913,89410],{"class":53},[47,124915,58],{"class":57},[47,124917,62],{"class":61},[47,124919,88829],{"class":65},[47,124921,253],{"class":61},[47,124923,1844],{"class":57},[47,124925,48308],{"class":919},[47,124927,101],{"class":83},[47,124929,8697],{"class":87},[47,124931,107],{"class":83},[47,124933,124934],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,124935,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,124937,124938,124940,124942,124944],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,124939,98],{"class":97},[47,124941,101],{"class":83},[47,124943,89427],{"class":87},[47,124945,107],{"class":83},[20,124947,124948,124949,158,124953,84],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[154,124950,2968,124951,2901],{"href":41578},[15,124952,47088],{},[154,124954,124955],{"href":122678},"how to convert int to string in Python",[33,124957,124959],{"id":124958},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,124961,124962],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,124964,124965],{},"Both of these are valid:",[38,124967,124969],{"className":40,"code":124968,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,124970,124971,124983],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124972,124973,124975,124977,124979,124981],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124974,1208],{"class":53},[47,124976,58],{"class":57},[47,124978,2688],{"class":61},[47,124980,6696],{"class":65},[47,124982,29104],{"class":61},[47,124984,124985,124987,124989,124991,124993],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,124986,1221],{"class":53},[47,124988,58],{"class":57},[47,124990,62],{"class":61},[47,124992,6696],{"class":65},[47,124994,69],{"class":61},[20,124996,124997],{},"A common rule is:",[133,124999,125000,125003,125006],{},[136,125001,125002],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[136,125004,125005],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[136,125007,125008],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125010,538],{},[38,125012,125014],{"className":40,"code":125013,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125015,125016,125030,125044,125048,125059],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125017,125018,125021,125023,125025,125028],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125019,125020],{"class":53},"text1 ",[47,125022,58],{"class":57},[47,125024,62],{"class":61},[47,125026,125027],{"class":65},"It's working",[47,125029,69],{"class":61},[47,125031,125032,125035,125037,125039,125042],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125033,125034],{"class":53},"text2 ",[47,125036,58],{"class":57},[47,125038,2688],{"class":61},[47,125040,125041],{"class":65},"She said \"hello\"",[47,125043,29104],{"class":61},[47,125045,125046],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,125047,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,125049,125050,125052,125054,125057],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,125051,98],{"class":97},[47,125053,101],{"class":83},[47,125055,125056],{"class":87},"text1",[47,125058,107],{"class":83},[47,125060,125061,125063,125065,125068],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,125062,98],{"class":97},[47,125064,101],{"class":83},[47,125066,125067],{"class":87},"text2",[47,125069,107],{"class":83},[20,125071,125072],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[33,125074,125076],{"id":125075},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125078,125079],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125081,125082],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[38,125084,125086],{"className":40,"code":125085,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125087,125088,125093],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125089,125090],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125091,125092],{"class":113},"# This will cause an error\n",[47,125094,125095],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125096,125097],{"class":113},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125099,125100,125101,34733,125103,125106],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125102,2693],{},[15,125104,125105],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125108,125109],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[38,125111,125113],{"className":40,"code":125112,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125114,125115,125134],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125116,125117,125119,125121,125123,125126,125129,125132],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125118,54],{"class":53},[47,125120,58],{"class":57},[47,125122,2688],{"class":61},[47,125124,125125],{"class":65},"It",[47,125127,125128],{"class":353},"\\'",[47,125130,125131],{"class":65},"s working",[47,125133,29104],{"class":61},[47,125135,125136,125138,125140,125142],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125137,98],{"class":97},[47,125139,101],{"class":83},[47,125141,565],{"class":87},[47,125143,107],{"class":83},[20,125145,125146],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[38,125148,125150],{"className":40,"code":125149,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125151,125152,125164],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125153,125154,125156,125158,125160,125162],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125155,54],{"class":53},[47,125157,58],{"class":57},[47,125159,62],{"class":61},[47,125161,125027],{"class":65},[47,125163,69],{"class":61},[47,125165,125166,125168,125170,125172],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125167,98],{"class":97},[47,125169,101],{"class":83},[47,125171,565],{"class":87},[47,125173,107],{"class":83},[20,125175,125176],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125178,125179,125180,84],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[154,125181,125183],{"href":125182},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[33,125185,722],{"id":721},[20,125187,125188],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[724,125190,89617],{"id":89616},[20,125192,125193],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[38,125195,125197],{"className":40,"code":125196,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125198,125199,125203],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125200,125201],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125202,125092],{"class":113},[47,125204,125205],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125206,125207],{"class":113},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125209,125210,125211,8001,125214,125216],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125212,125213],{},"NameError",[15,125215,4401],{}," is not defined.",[20,125218,10207],{},[38,125220,125222],{"className":40,"code":125221,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125223,125224,125236],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125225,125226,125228,125230,125232,125234],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125227,212],{"class":53},[47,125229,58],{"class":57},[47,125231,62],{"class":61},[47,125233,4401],{"class":65},[47,125235,69],{"class":61},[47,125237,125238,125240,125242,125244],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125239,98],{"class":97},[47,125241,101],{"class":83},[47,125243,229],{"class":87},[47,125245,107],{"class":83},[724,125247,125249],{"id":125248},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125251,125252],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[38,125254,125256],{"className":40,"code":125255,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125257,125258,125262],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125259,125260],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125261,125092],{"class":113},[47,125263,125264],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125265,125266],{"class":113},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125268,125269],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[38,125271,125273],{"className":40,"code":125272,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125274,125275,125292,125305,125309,125319],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125276,125277,125279,125281,125283,125285,125287,125290],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125278,125020],{"class":53},[47,125280,58],{"class":57},[47,125282,2688],{"class":61},[47,125284,125125],{"class":65},[47,125286,125128],{"class":353},[47,125288,125289],{"class":65},"s good",[47,125291,29104],{"class":61},[47,125293,125294,125296,125298,125300,125303],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125295,125034],{"class":53},[47,125297,58],{"class":57},[47,125299,62],{"class":61},[47,125301,125302],{"class":65},"It's good",[47,125304,69],{"class":61},[47,125306,125307],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,125308,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,125310,125311,125313,125315,125317],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,125312,98],{"class":97},[47,125314,101],{"class":83},[47,125316,125056],{"class":87},[47,125318,107],{"class":83},[47,125320,125321,125323,125325,125327],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,125322,98],{"class":97},[47,125324,101],{"class":83},[47,125326,125067],{"class":87},[47,125328,107],{"class":83},[724,125330,125332],{"id":125331},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125334,125335],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[38,125337,125339],{"className":40,"code":125338,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125340,125341,125353],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125342,125343,125345,125347,125349,125351],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125344,54],{"class":53},[47,125346,58],{"class":57},[47,125348,124696],{"class":61},[47,125350,256],{"class":65},[47,125352,42739],{"class":61},[47,125354,125355,125357,125359,125361],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125356,98],{"class":97},[47,125358,101],{"class":83},[47,125360,565],{"class":87},[47,125362,107],{"class":83},[20,125364,125365],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[38,125367,125369],{"className":40,"code":125368,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125370,125371,125383],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125372,125373,125375,125377,125379,125381],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125374,54],{"class":53},[47,125376,58],{"class":57},[47,125378,62],{"class":61},[47,125380,256],{"class":65},[47,125382,69],{"class":61},[47,125384,125385,125387,125389,125391],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125386,98],{"class":97},[47,125388,101],{"class":83},[47,125390,565],{"class":87},[47,125392,107],{"class":83},[724,125394,3976,125396,1063,125398,125400],{"id":125395},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125397,49650],{},[15,125399,49700],{}," are the same type",[20,125402,125403],{},"They are different:",[38,125405,125407],{"className":40,"code":125406,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125408,125409,125418,125431,125435,125449],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125410,125411,125414,125416],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125412,125413],{"class":53},"value1 ",[47,125415,58],{"class":57},[47,125417,869],{"class":586},[47,125419,125420,125423,125425,125427,125429],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125421,125422],{"class":53},"value2 ",[47,125424,58],{"class":57},[47,125426,62],{"class":61},[47,125428,49650],{"class":65},[47,125430,69],{"class":61},[47,125432,125433],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,125434,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,125436,125437,125439,125441,125443,125445,125447],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,125438,98],{"class":97},[47,125440,101],{"class":83},[47,125442,2613],{"class":919},[47,125444,101],{"class":83},[47,125446,84174],{"class":87},[47,125448,1419],{"class":83},[47,125450,125451,125453,125455,125457,125459,125462],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,125452,98],{"class":97},[47,125454,101],{"class":83},[47,125456,2613],{"class":919},[47,125458,101],{"class":83},[47,125460,125461],{"class":87},"value2",[47,125463,1419],{"class":83},[20,125465,338],{},[38,125467,125469],{"className":40,"code":125468,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125470,125471,125485],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125472,125473,125475,125477,125479,125481,125483],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125474,2682],{"class":57},[47,125476,2685],{"class":1458},[47,125478,2688],{"class":61},[47,125480,890],{"class":65},[47,125482,2693],{"class":61},[47,125484,2696],{"class":57},[47,125486,125487,125489,125491,125493,125495,125497],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125488,2682],{"class":57},[47,125490,2685],{"class":1458},[47,125492,2688],{"class":61},[47,125494,920],{"class":65},[47,125496,2693],{"class":61},[47,125498,2696],{"class":57},[724,125500,125502],{"id":125501},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,125504,125505],{},"This causes a type error:",[38,125507,125509],{"className":40,"code":125508,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,125510,125511,125515,125520],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125512,125513],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125514,125092],{"class":113},[47,125516,125517],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125518,125519],{"class":113},"# age = 10\n",[47,125521,125522],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,125523,125524],{"class":113},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,125526,125527,125528,1032],{},"Fix it with ",[15,125529,47088],{},[38,125531,125533],{"className":40,"code":125532,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125534,125535,125543,125565,125569],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125536,125537,125539,125541],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125538,21030],{"class":53},[47,125540,58],{"class":57},[47,125542,1976],{"class":586},[47,125544,125545,125547,125549,125551,125553,125555,125557,125559,125561,125563],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125546,89410],{"class":53},[47,125548,58],{"class":57},[47,125550,62],{"class":61},[47,125552,88829],{"class":65},[47,125554,253],{"class":61},[47,125556,1844],{"class":57},[47,125558,48308],{"class":919},[47,125560,101],{"class":83},[47,125562,8697],{"class":87},[47,125564,107],{"class":83},[47,125566,125567],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,125568,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,125570,125571,125573,125575,125577],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,125572,98],{"class":97},[47,125574,101],{"class":83},[47,125576,89427],{"class":87},[47,125578,107],{"class":83},[20,125580,125581,125582,84],{},"For this specific error, see ",[154,125583,89809],{"href":89808},[724,125585,60116],{"id":60115},[20,125587,125588],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[38,125590,125592],{"className":40,"code":125591,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,125593,125594,125606,125610,125620,125634],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125595,125596,125598,125600,125602,125604],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125597,54],{"class":53},[47,125599,58],{"class":57},[47,125601,62],{"class":61},[47,125603,256],{"class":65},[47,125605,69],{"class":61},[47,125607,125608],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125609,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,125611,125612,125614,125616,125618],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,125613,98],{"class":97},[47,125615,101],{"class":83},[47,125617,565],{"class":87},[47,125619,107],{"class":83},[47,125621,125622,125624,125626,125628,125630,125632],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,125623,98],{"class":97},[47,125625,101],{"class":83},[47,125627,2613],{"class":919},[47,125629,101],{"class":83},[47,125631,565],{"class":87},[47,125633,1419],{"class":83},[47,125635,125636,125638,125640,125642,125644,125646],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,125637,98],{"class":97},[47,125639,101],{"class":83},[47,125641,41182],{"class":97},[47,125643,101],{"class":83},[47,125645,565],{"class":87},[47,125647,1419],{"class":83},[133,125649,125650,125655,125660],{},[136,125651,125652,45682],{},[15,125653,125654],{},"print(text)",[136,125656,125657,45687],{},[15,125658,125659],{},"print(type(text))",[136,125661,125662,125665],{},[15,125663,125664],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[33,125667,1155],{"id":1154},[724,125669,125671],{"id":125670},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,125673,125674,125675,158,125678,84],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,125676,125677],{},"'hello'",[15,125679,63940],{},[724,125681,125683],{"id":125682},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,125685,125686],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[724,125688,125690],{"id":125689},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,125692,1486,125693,158,125695,84],{},[15,125694,5672],{},[15,125696,3169],{},[724,125698,125700],{"id":125699},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,125702,1486,125703,125705,125706,125708,125709,84],{},[15,125704,47088],{},", like ",[15,125707,79785],{},", which returns ",[15,125710,41529],{},[724,125712,125714],{"id":125713},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,125716,125717],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[33,125719,1275],{"id":1274},[133,125721,125722,125726,125732,125737,125745,125749],{},[136,125723,125724],{},[154,125725,162],{"href":161},[136,125727,125728],{},[154,125729,2968,125730,2901],{"href":41578},[15,125731,47088],{},[136,125733,125734],{},[154,125735,125736],{"href":122678},"How to convert int to string in Python",[136,125738,125739],{},[154,125740,1286,125742,1289],{"href":125741},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F",[15,125743,125744],{},"format()",[136,125746,125747],{},[154,125748,125183],{"href":125182},[136,125750,125751],{},[154,125752,89809],{"href":89808},[1320,125754,125755],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":125757},[125758,125759,125760,125761,125762,125763,125764,125765,125766,125775,125782],{"id":14564,"depth":72,"text":14565},{"id":124339,"depth":72,"text":124340},{"id":124500,"depth":72,"text":124501},{"id":124575,"depth":72,"text":124576},{"id":124675,"depth":72,"text":124676},{"id":124780,"depth":72,"text":124781},{"id":124958,"depth":72,"text":124959},{"id":125075,"depth":72,"text":125076},{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722,"children":125767},[125768,125769,125770,125771,125773,125774],{"id":89616,"depth":94,"text":89617},{"id":125248,"depth":94,"text":125249},{"id":125331,"depth":94,"text":125332},{"id":125395,"depth":94,"text":125772},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125501,"depth":94,"text":125502},{"id":60115,"depth":94,"text":60116},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":125776},[125777,125778,125779,125780,125781],{"id":125670,"depth":94,"text":125671},{"id":125682,"depth":94,"text":125683},{"id":125689,"depth":94,"text":125690},{"id":125699,"depth":94,"text":125700},{"id":125713,"depth":94,"text":125714},{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124201,"description":125783},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":125790,"title":125791,"body":125792,"description":127703,"extension":1354,"meta":127704,"navigation":311,"path":127705,"seo":127706,"stem":127707,"__hash__":127708},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":125793,"toc":127664},[125794,125799,125804,125812,125814,125881,125883,125895,125904,125909,125913,125930,125932,125997,125999,126011,126016,126018,126046,126067,126070,126109,126111,126119,126123,126127,126131,126139,126142,126183,126185,126193,126196,126253,126255,126263,126267,126272,126316,126318,126326,126335,126339,126344,126392,126394,126402,126408,126410,126414,126426,126431,126510,126512,126532,126536,126540,126580,126582,126590,126594,126637,126639,126647,126651,126691,126693,126701,126705,126761,126763,126771,126777,126779,126783,126793,126860,126862,126875,126882,126925,126927,126935,126939,126942,126998,127000,127008,127011,127013,127090,127092,127100,127108,127110,127114,127118,127120,127142,127145,127192,127196,127235,127237,127245,127247,127289,127296,127301,127363,127365,127377,127383,127388,127437,127439,127458,127464,127466,127485,127487,127578,127580,127586,127593,127599,127605,127610,127618,127625,127633,127635,127661],[10,125795,13,125797,18],{"id":125796},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,125798,1066],{},[20,125800,22,125801,125803],{},[15,125802,1066],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,125805,125806,125807,158,125809,125811],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,125808,2997],{},[15,125810,3070],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[33,125813,36],{"id":35},[38,125815,125817],{"className":40,"code":125816,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,125818,125819,125833,125858],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125820,125821,125824,125826,125828,125831],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125822,125823],{"class":53},"filename ",[47,125825,58],{"class":57},[47,125827,62],{"class":61},[47,125829,125830],{"class":65},"report.csv",[47,125832,69],{"class":61},[47,125834,125835,125837,125839,125842,125844,125847,125849,125851,125854,125856],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125836,98],{"class":97},[47,125838,101],{"class":83},[47,125840,125841],{"class":87},"filename",[47,125843,84],{"class":83},[47,125845,125846],{"class":87},"endswith",[47,125848,101],{"class":83},[47,125850,253],{"class":61},[47,125852,125853],{"class":65},".csv",[47,125855,253],{"class":61},[47,125857,1419],{"class":83},[47,125859,125860,125862,125864,125866,125868,125870,125872,125874,125877,125879],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,125861,98],{"class":97},[47,125863,101],{"class":83},[47,125865,125841],{"class":87},[47,125867,84],{"class":83},[47,125869,125846],{"class":87},[47,125871,101],{"class":83},[47,125873,253],{"class":61},[47,125875,125876],{"class":65},".txt",[47,125878,253],{"class":61},[47,125880,1419],{"class":83},[20,125882,338],{},[38,125884,125885],{"className":40,"code":43577,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,125886,125887,125891],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125888,125889],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125890,1264],{"class":1271},[47,125892,125893],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125894,3436],{"class":1271},[20,125896,1486,125897,4769,125899,158,125901,125903],{},[15,125898,1066],{},[15,125900,2997],{},[15,125902,3070],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[33,125905,128,125907,131],{"id":125906},"what-endswith-does",[15,125908,1066],{},[20,125910,125911,1032],{},[15,125912,1066],{},[133,125914,125915,125918,125924,125927],{},[136,125916,125917],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[136,125919,10824,125920,158,125922],{},[15,125921,2997],{},[15,125923,3070],{},[136,125925,125926],{},"Does not change the original string",[136,125928,125929],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,125931,538],{},[38,125933,125935],{"className":40,"code":125934,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,125936,125937,125949,125953,125975],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125938,125939,125941,125943,125945,125947],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125940,54],{"class":53},[47,125942,58],{"class":57},[47,125944,62],{"class":61},[47,125946,974],{"class":65},[47,125948,69],{"class":61},[47,125950,125951],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125952,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,125954,125955,125957,125959,125961,125963,125965,125967,125969,125971,125973],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,125956,98],{"class":97},[47,125958,101],{"class":83},[47,125960,565],{"class":87},[47,125962,84],{"class":83},[47,125964,125846],{"class":87},[47,125966,101],{"class":83},[47,125968,253],{"class":61},[47,125970,59997],{"class":65},[47,125972,253],{"class":61},[47,125974,1419],{"class":83},[47,125976,125977,125979,125981,125983,125985,125987,125989,125991,125993,125995],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,125978,98],{"class":97},[47,125980,101],{"class":83},[47,125982,565],{"class":87},[47,125984,84],{"class":83},[47,125986,125846],{"class":87},[47,125988,101],{"class":83},[47,125990,253],{"class":61},[47,125992,256],{"class":65},[47,125994,253],{"class":61},[47,125996,1419],{"class":83},[20,125998,338],{},[38,126000,126001],{"className":40,"code":43577,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,126002,126003,126007],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126004,126005],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126006,1264],{"class":1271},[47,126008,126009],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126010,3436],{"class":1271},[20,126012,126013,126014,84],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[154,126015,162],{"href":161},[33,126017,166],{"id":165},[38,126019,126021],{"className":40,"code":126020,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126022,126023],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126024,126025,126027,126029,126031,126033,126036,126038,126040,126042,126044],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126026,179],{"class":53},[47,126028,84],{"class":83},[47,126030,125846],{"class":87},[47,126032,101],{"class":83},[47,126034,126035],{"class":87},"suffix",[47,126037,590],{"class":83},[47,126039,35455],{"class":87},[47,126041,590],{"class":83},[47,126043,64446],{"class":87},[47,126045,107],{"class":83},[133,126047,126048,126053,126060],{},[136,126049,126050,126052],{},[15,126051,126035],{}," is required",[136,126054,126055,1063,126057,126059],{},[15,126056,35476],{},[15,126058,52065],{}," are optional",[136,126061,126062,1063,126064,126066],{},[15,126063,35476],{},[15,126065,52065],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126068,126069],{},"Basic example:",[38,126071,126073],{"className":40,"code":126072,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126074,126075,126087],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126076,126077,126079,126081,126083,126085],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126078,125823],{"class":53},[47,126080,58],{"class":57},[47,126082,62],{"class":61},[47,126084,86299],{"class":65},[47,126086,69],{"class":61},[47,126088,126089,126091,126093,126095,126097,126099,126101,126103,126105,126107],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126090,98],{"class":97},[47,126092,101],{"class":83},[47,126094,125841],{"class":87},[47,126096,84],{"class":83},[47,126098,125846],{"class":87},[47,126100,101],{"class":83},[47,126102,253],{"class":61},[47,126104,125876],{"class":65},[47,126106,253],{"class":61},[47,126108,1419],{"class":83},[20,126110,338],{},[38,126112,126113],{"className":40,"code":1264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,126114,126115],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126116,126117],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126118,1264],{"class":1271},[33,126120,126122],{"id":126121},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[724,126124,126125],{"id":126035},[15,126126,126035],{},[20,126128,126129,30155],{},[15,126130,126035],{},[133,126132,126133,126136],{},[136,126134,126135],{},"A single string",[136,126137,126138],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126140,126141],{},"Single suffix:",[38,126143,126145],{"className":40,"code":126144,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126146,126147,126160],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126148,126149,126151,126153,126155,126158],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126150,212],{"class":53},[47,126152,58],{"class":57},[47,126154,62],{"class":61},[47,126156,126157],{"class":65},"image.png",[47,126159,69],{"class":61},[47,126161,126162,126164,126166,126168,126170,126172,126174,126176,126179,126181],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126163,98],{"class":97},[47,126165,101],{"class":83},[47,126167,229],{"class":87},[47,126169,84],{"class":83},[47,126171,125846],{"class":87},[47,126173,101],{"class":83},[47,126175,253],{"class":61},[47,126177,126178],{"class":65},".png",[47,126180,253],{"class":61},[47,126182,1419],{"class":83},[20,126184,338],{},[38,126186,126187],{"className":40,"code":1264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,126188,126189],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126190,126191],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126192,1264],{"class":1271},[20,126194,126195],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[38,126197,126199],{"className":40,"code":126198,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126200,126201,126213],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126202,126203,126205,126207,126209,126211],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126204,212],{"class":53},[47,126206,58],{"class":57},[47,126208,62],{"class":61},[47,126210,126157],{"class":65},[47,126212,69],{"class":61},[47,126214,126215,126217,126219,126221,126223,126225,126227,126229,126232,126234,126236,126238,126240,126242,126244,126246,126249,126251],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126216,98],{"class":97},[47,126218,101],{"class":83},[47,126220,229],{"class":87},[47,126222,84],{"class":83},[47,126224,125846],{"class":87},[47,126226,4911],{"class":83},[47,126228,253],{"class":61},[47,126230,126231],{"class":65},".jpg",[47,126233,253],{"class":61},[47,126235,590],{"class":83},[47,126237,62],{"class":61},[47,126239,126178],{"class":65},[47,126241,253],{"class":61},[47,126243,590],{"class":83},[47,126245,62],{"class":61},[47,126247,126248],{"class":65},".gif",[47,126250,253],{"class":61},[47,126252,2300],{"class":83},[20,126254,338],{},[38,126256,126257],{"className":40,"code":1264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,126258,126259],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126260,126261],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126262,1264],{"class":1271},[724,126264,126265],{"id":35476},[15,126266,35476],{},[20,126268,126269,126271],{},[15,126270,35476],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[38,126273,126275],{"className":40,"code":126274,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126276,126277,126290],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126278,126279,126281,126283,126285,126288],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126280,54],{"class":53},[47,126282,58],{"class":57},[47,126284,62],{"class":61},[47,126286,126287],{"class":65},"my_report.csv",[47,126289,69],{"class":61},[47,126291,126292,126294,126296,126298,126300,126302,126304,126306,126308,126310,126312,126314],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126293,98],{"class":97},[47,126295,101],{"class":83},[47,126297,565],{"class":87},[47,126299,84],{"class":83},[47,126301,125846],{"class":87},[47,126303,101],{"class":83},[47,126305,253],{"class":61},[47,126307,125853],{"class":65},[47,126309,253],{"class":61},[47,126311,590],{"class":83},[47,126313,1841],{"class":586},[47,126315,1419],{"class":83},[20,126317,338],{},[38,126319,126320],{"className":40,"code":1264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,126321,126322],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126323,126324],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126325,1264],{"class":1271},[20,126327,126328,126329,126331,126332,84],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126330,1455],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126333,126334],{},"\"report.csv\"",[724,126336,126337],{"id":52065},[15,126338,52065],{},[20,126340,126341,126343],{},[15,126342,52065],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[38,126345,126347],{"className":40,"code":126346,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126348,126349,126362],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126350,126351,126353,126355,126357,126360],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126352,54],{"class":53},[47,126354,58],{"class":57},[47,126356,62],{"class":61},[47,126358,126359],{"class":65},"report.csv backup",[47,126361,69],{"class":61},[47,126363,126364,126366,126368,126370,126372,126374,126376,126378,126380,126382,126384,126386,126388,126390],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126365,98],{"class":97},[47,126367,101],{"class":83},[47,126369,565],{"class":87},[47,126371,84],{"class":83},[47,126373,125846],{"class":87},[47,126375,101],{"class":83},[47,126377,253],{"class":61},[47,126379,125853],{"class":65},[47,126381,253],{"class":61},[47,126383,590],{"class":83},[47,126385,3230],{"class":586},[47,126387,590],{"class":83},[47,126389,5405],{"class":586},[47,126391,1419],{"class":83},[20,126393,338],{},[38,126395,126396],{"className":40,"code":1264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,126397,126398],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126399,126400],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126401,1264],{"class":1271},[20,126403,126404,126405,126407],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126406,126334],{}," and ignores the rest.",[33,126409,16821],{"id":16820},[20,126411,126412,24912],{},[15,126413,1066],{},[133,126415,126416,126421],{},[136,126417,126418,126420],{},[15,126419,2997],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[136,126422,126423,126425],{},[15,126424,3070],{}," if it does not",[20,126427,126428,126429,6572],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,126430,656],{},[38,126432,126434],{"className":40,"code":126433,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,126435,126436,126449,126453,126474,126489,126495],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126437,126438,126440,126442,126444,126447],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126439,125823],{"class":53},[47,126441,58],{"class":57},[47,126443,62],{"class":61},[47,126445,126446],{"class":65},"data.csv",[47,126448,69],{"class":61},[47,126450,126451],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126452,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,126454,126455,126457,126460,126462,126464,126466,126468,126470,126472],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,126456,656],{"class":655},[47,126458,126459],{"class":53}," filename",[47,126461,84],{"class":83},[47,126463,125846],{"class":87},[47,126465,101],{"class":83},[47,126467,253],{"class":61},[47,126469,125853],{"class":65},[47,126471,253],{"class":61},[47,126473,7740],{"class":83},[47,126475,126476,126478,126480,126482,126485,126487],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,126477,684],{"class":97},[47,126479,101],{"class":83},[47,126481,253],{"class":61},[47,126483,126484],{"class":65},"This is a CSV file.",[47,126486,253],{"class":61},[47,126488,107],{"class":83},[47,126490,126491,126493],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,126492,26838],{"class":655},[47,126494,679],{"class":83},[47,126496,126497,126499,126501,126503,126506,126508],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,126498,684],{"class":97},[47,126500,101],{"class":83},[47,126502,253],{"class":61},[47,126504,126505],{"class":65},"This is not a CSV file.",[47,126507,253],{"class":61},[47,126509,107],{"class":83},[20,126511,338],{},[38,126513,126515],{"className":40,"code":126514,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,126516,126517],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126518,126519,126521,126523,126525,126528,126530],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126520,49283],{"class":53},[47,126522,11593],{"class":57},[47,126524,43948],{"class":53},[47,126526,126527],{"class":353},"CSV",[47,126529,86040],{"class":86039},[47,126531,121785],{"class":83},[33,126533,126535],{"id":126534},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[724,126537,126539],{"id":126538},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[38,126541,126543],{"className":40,"code":126542,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126544,126545,126558],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126546,126547,126549,126551,126553,126556],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126548,125823],{"class":53},[47,126550,58],{"class":57},[47,126552,62],{"class":61},[47,126554,126555],{"class":65},"sales.csv",[47,126557,69],{"class":61},[47,126559,126560,126562,126564,126566,126568,126570,126572,126574,126576,126578],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126561,98],{"class":97},[47,126563,101],{"class":83},[47,126565,125841],{"class":87},[47,126567,84],{"class":83},[47,126569,125846],{"class":87},[47,126571,101],{"class":83},[47,126573,253],{"class":61},[47,126575,125853],{"class":65},[47,126577,253],{"class":61},[47,126579,1419],{"class":83},[20,126581,338],{},[38,126583,126584],{"className":40,"code":1264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,126585,126586],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126587,126588],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126589,1264],{"class":1271},[724,126591,126593],{"id":126592},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[38,126595,126597],{"className":40,"code":126596,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,126598,126599,126613],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126600,126601,126604,126606,126608,126611],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126602,126603],{"class":53},"url ",[47,126605,58],{"class":57},[47,126607,62],{"class":61},[47,126609,126610],{"class":65},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[47,126612,69],{"class":61},[47,126614,126615,126617,126619,126622,126624,126626,126628,126630,126633,126635],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126616,98],{"class":97},[47,126618,101],{"class":83},[47,126620,126621],{"class":87},"url",[47,126623,84],{"class":83},[47,126625,125846],{"class":87},[47,126627,101],{"class":83},[47,126629,253],{"class":61},[47,126631,126632],{"class":65},"\u002F",[47,126634,253],{"class":61},[47,126636,1419],{"class":83},[20,126638,338],{},[38,126640,126641],{"className":40,"code":1264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,126642,126643],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126644,126645],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126646,1264],{"class":1271},[724,126648,126650],{"id":126649},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[38,126652,126654],{"className":40,"code":126653,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,126655,126656,126669],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126657,126658,126660,126662,126664,126667],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126659,89410],{"class":53},[47,126661,58],{"class":57},[47,126663,62],{"class":61},[47,126665,126666],{"class":65},"Hello!",[47,126668,69],{"class":61},[47,126670,126671,126673,126675,126677,126679,126681,126683,126685,126687,126689],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126672,98],{"class":97},[47,126674,101],{"class":83},[47,126676,89427],{"class":87},[47,126678,84],{"class":83},[47,126680,125846],{"class":87},[47,126682,101],{"class":83},[47,126684,253],{"class":61},[47,126686,89251],{"class":65},[47,126688,253],{"class":61},[47,126690,1419],{"class":83},[20,126692,338],{},[38,126694,126695],{"className":40,"code":1264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,126696,126697],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126698,126699],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126700,1264],{"class":1271},[724,126702,126704],{"id":126703},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[38,126706,126708],{"className":40,"code":126707,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126709,126710,126723],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126711,126712,126714,126716,126718,126721],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126713,125823],{"class":53},[47,126715,58],{"class":57},[47,126717,62],{"class":61},[47,126719,126720],{"class":65},"photo.jpg",[47,126722,69],{"class":61},[47,126724,126725,126727,126729,126731,126733,126735,126737,126739,126741,126743,126745,126747,126749,126751,126753,126755,126757,126759],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126726,98],{"class":97},[47,126728,101],{"class":83},[47,126730,125841],{"class":87},[47,126732,84],{"class":83},[47,126734,125846],{"class":87},[47,126736,4911],{"class":83},[47,126738,253],{"class":61},[47,126740,126231],{"class":65},[47,126742,253],{"class":61},[47,126744,590],{"class":83},[47,126746,62],{"class":61},[47,126748,126178],{"class":65},[47,126750,253],{"class":61},[47,126752,590],{"class":83},[47,126754,62],{"class":61},[47,126756,126248],{"class":65},[47,126758,253],{"class":61},[47,126760,2300],{"class":83},[20,126762,338],{},[38,126764,126765],{"className":40,"code":1264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,126766,126767],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126768,126769],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126770,1264],{"class":1271},[20,126772,126773,126774,84],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[154,126775,126776],{"href":1312},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[33,126778,123397],{"id":123396},[20,126780,126781,123208],{},[15,126782,1066],{},[20,126784,126785,126786,1063,126789,126792],{},"That means ",[15,126787,126788],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,126790,126791],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[38,126794,126796],{"className":40,"code":126795,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,126797,126798,126811,126815,126837],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126799,126800,126802,126804,126806,126809],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126801,125823],{"class":53},[47,126803,58],{"class":57},[47,126805,62],{"class":61},[47,126807,126808],{"class":65},"REPORT.CSV",[47,126810,69],{"class":61},[47,126812,126813],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126814,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,126816,126817,126819,126821,126823,126825,126827,126829,126831,126833,126835],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,126818,98],{"class":97},[47,126820,101],{"class":83},[47,126822,125841],{"class":87},[47,126824,84],{"class":83},[47,126826,125846],{"class":87},[47,126828,101],{"class":83},[47,126830,253],{"class":61},[47,126832,125853],{"class":65},[47,126834,253],{"class":61},[47,126836,1419],{"class":83},[47,126838,126839,126841,126843,126845,126847,126849,126851,126853,126856,126858],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,126840,98],{"class":97},[47,126842,101],{"class":83},[47,126844,125841],{"class":87},[47,126846,84],{"class":83},[47,126848,125846],{"class":87},[47,126850,101],{"class":83},[47,126852,253],{"class":61},[47,126854,126855],{"class":65},".CSV",[47,126857,253],{"class":61},[47,126859,1419],{"class":83},[20,126861,338],{},[38,126863,126865],{"className":40,"code":126864,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"False\nTrue\n",[15,126866,126867,126871],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126868,126869],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126870,3436],{"class":1271},[47,126872,126873],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126874,1264],{"class":1271},[20,126876,126877,126878,84],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[154,126879,126880],{"href":1011},[15,126881,1014],{},[38,126883,126885],{"className":40,"code":126884,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126886,126887,126899],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126888,126889,126891,126893,126895,126897],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126890,125823],{"class":53},[47,126892,58],{"class":57},[47,126894,62],{"class":61},[47,126896,126808],{"class":65},[47,126898,69],{"class":61},[47,126900,126901,126903,126905,126907,126909,126911,126913,126915,126917,126919,126921,126923],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126902,98],{"class":97},[47,126904,101],{"class":83},[47,126906,125841],{"class":87},[47,126908,84],{"class":83},[47,126910,8038],{"class":87},[47,126912,8035],{"class":83},[47,126914,125846],{"class":87},[47,126916,101],{"class":83},[47,126918,253],{"class":61},[47,126920,125853],{"class":65},[47,126922,253],{"class":61},[47,126924,1419],{"class":83},[20,126926,338],{},[38,126928,126929],{"className":40,"code":1264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,126930,126931],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126932,126933],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126934,1264],{"class":1271},[33,126936,126938],{"id":126937},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,126940,126941],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[38,126943,126945],{"className":40,"code":126944,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126946,126947,126960],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126948,126949,126951,126953,126955,126958],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126950,125823],{"class":53},[47,126952,58],{"class":57},[47,126954,62],{"class":61},[47,126956,126957],{"class":65},"picture.gif",[47,126959,69],{"class":61},[47,126961,126962,126964,126966,126968,126970,126972,126974,126976,126978,126980,126982,126984,126986,126988,126990,126992,126994,126996],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126963,98],{"class":97},[47,126965,101],{"class":83},[47,126967,125841],{"class":87},[47,126969,84],{"class":83},[47,126971,125846],{"class":87},[47,126973,4911],{"class":83},[47,126975,253],{"class":61},[47,126977,126231],{"class":65},[47,126979,253],{"class":61},[47,126981,590],{"class":83},[47,126983,62],{"class":61},[47,126985,126178],{"class":65},[47,126987,253],{"class":61},[47,126989,590],{"class":83},[47,126991,62],{"class":61},[47,126993,126248],{"class":65},[47,126995,253],{"class":61},[47,126997,2300],{"class":83},[20,126999,338],{},[38,127001,127002],{"className":40,"code":1264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127003,127004],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127005,127006],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127007,1264],{"class":1271},[20,127009,127010],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127012,51484],{},[38,127014,127016],{"className":40,"code":127015,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127017,127018,127031,127066,127070],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127019,127020,127023,127025,127027,127029],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127021,127022],{"class":53},"document ",[47,127024,58],{"class":57},[47,127026,62],{"class":61},[47,127028,86299],{"class":65},[47,127030,69],{"class":61},[47,127032,127033,127036,127038,127040,127042,127044,127046,127048,127050,127053,127055,127057,127059,127062,127064],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127034,127035],{"class":53},"allowed ",[47,127037,58],{"class":57},[47,127039,8634],{"class":83},[47,127041,253],{"class":61},[47,127043,125876],{"class":65},[47,127045,253],{"class":61},[47,127047,590],{"class":83},[47,127049,62],{"class":61},[47,127051,127052],{"class":65},".md",[47,127054,253],{"class":61},[47,127056,590],{"class":83},[47,127058,62],{"class":61},[47,127060,127061],{"class":65},".docx",[47,127063,253],{"class":61},[47,127065,107],{"class":83},[47,127067,127068],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,127069,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,127071,127072,127074,127076,127079,127081,127083,127085,127088],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,127073,98],{"class":97},[47,127075,101],{"class":83},[47,127077,127078],{"class":87},"document",[47,127080,84],{"class":83},[47,127082,125846],{"class":87},[47,127084,101],{"class":83},[47,127086,127087],{"class":87},"allowed",[47,127089,1419],{"class":83},[20,127091,338],{},[38,127093,127094],{"className":40,"code":1264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127095,127096],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127097,127098],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127099,1264],{"class":1271},[20,127101,127102,127103,84],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[154,127104,1286,127106,1289],{"href":127105},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127107,1062],{},[33,127109,722],{"id":721},[20,127111,7846,127112,84],{},[15,127113,1066],{},[724,127115,127117],{"id":127116},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127119,3922],{},[38,127121,127123],{"className":40,"code":127122,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127124,127125,127137],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127126,127127,127129,127131,127133,127135],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127128,125823],{"class":53},[47,127130,58],{"class":57},[47,127132,62],{"class":61},[47,127134,126720],{"class":65},[47,127136,69],{"class":61},[47,127138,127139],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127140,127141],{"class":113},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127143,127144],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[38,127146,127148],{"className":40,"code":127147,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127149,127150,127162],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127151,127152,127154,127156,127158,127160],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127153,125823],{"class":53},[47,127155,58],{"class":57},[47,127157,62],{"class":61},[47,127159,126720],{"class":65},[47,127161,69],{"class":61},[47,127163,127164,127166,127168,127170,127172,127174,127176,127178,127180,127182,127184,127186,127188,127190],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127165,98],{"class":97},[47,127167,101],{"class":83},[47,127169,125841],{"class":87},[47,127171,84],{"class":83},[47,127173,125846],{"class":87},[47,127175,4911],{"class":83},[47,127177,253],{"class":61},[47,127179,126231],{"class":65},[47,127181,253],{"class":61},[47,127183,590],{"class":83},[47,127185,62],{"class":61},[47,127187,126178],{"class":65},[47,127189,253],{"class":61},[47,127191,2300],{"class":83},[724,127193,127195],{"id":127194},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[38,127197,127199],{"className":40,"code":127198,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127200,127201,127213],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127202,127203,127205,127207,127209,127211],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127204,125823],{"class":53},[47,127206,58],{"class":57},[47,127208,62],{"class":61},[47,127210,126808],{"class":65},[47,127212,69],{"class":61},[47,127214,127215,127217,127219,127221,127223,127225,127227,127229,127231,127233],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127216,98],{"class":97},[47,127218,101],{"class":83},[47,127220,125841],{"class":87},[47,127222,84],{"class":83},[47,127224,125846],{"class":87},[47,127226,101],{"class":83},[47,127228,253],{"class":61},[47,127230,125853],{"class":65},[47,127232,253],{"class":61},[47,127234,1419],{"class":83},[20,127236,338],{},[38,127238,127239],{"className":40,"code":3436,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127240,127241],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127242,127243],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127244,3436],{"class":1271},[20,127246,38665],{},[38,127248,127249],{"className":40,"code":126884,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127250,127251,127263],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127252,127253,127255,127257,127259,127261],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127254,125823],{"class":53},[47,127256,58],{"class":57},[47,127258,62],{"class":61},[47,127260,126808],{"class":65},[47,127262,69],{"class":61},[47,127264,127265,127267,127269,127271,127273,127275,127277,127279,127281,127283,127285,127287],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127266,98],{"class":97},[47,127268,101],{"class":83},[47,127270,125841],{"class":87},[47,127272,84],{"class":83},[47,127274,8038],{"class":87},[47,127276,8035],{"class":83},[47,127278,125846],{"class":87},[47,127280,101],{"class":83},[47,127282,253],{"class":61},[47,127284,125853],{"class":65},[47,127286,253],{"class":61},[47,127288,1419],{"class":83},[724,127290,946,127292,8101,127294],{"id":127291},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127293,1066],{},[15,127295,3278],{},[20,127297,127298,127300],{},[15,127299,1066],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[38,127302,127304],{"className":40,"code":127303,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127305,127306,127319,127323,127345],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127307,127308,127310,127312,127314,127317],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127309,54],{"class":53},[47,127311,58],{"class":57},[47,127313,62],{"class":61},[47,127315,127316],{"class":65},"my_report.csv.backup",[47,127318,69],{"class":61},[47,127320,127321],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127322,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,127324,127325,127327,127329,127331,127333,127335,127337,127339,127341,127343],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,127326,98],{"class":97},[47,127328,101],{"class":83},[47,127330,565],{"class":87},[47,127332,84],{"class":83},[47,127334,125846],{"class":87},[47,127336,101],{"class":83},[47,127338,253],{"class":61},[47,127340,125853],{"class":65},[47,127342,253],{"class":61},[47,127344,1419],{"class":83},[47,127346,127347,127349,127351,127353,127355,127357,127359,127361],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,127348,98],{"class":97},[47,127350,101],{"class":83},[47,127352,253],{"class":61},[47,127354,125853],{"class":65},[47,127356,253],{"class":61},[47,127358,20575],{"class":655},[47,127360,80],{"class":87},[47,127362,107],{"class":83},[20,127364,338],{},[38,127366,127367],{"className":40,"code":126864,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127368,127369,127373],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127370,127371],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127372,3436],{"class":1271},[47,127374,127375],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127376,1264],{"class":1271},[724,127378,7852,127380,127382],{"id":127379},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127381,1066],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127384,127385,127387],{},[15,127386,1066],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[38,127389,127391],{"className":40,"code":127390,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127392,127393,127405,127427],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127394,127395,127397,127399,127401,127403],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127396,125823],{"class":53},[47,127398,58],{"class":57},[47,127400,62],{"class":61},[47,127402,125830],{"class":65},[47,127404,69],{"class":61},[47,127406,127407,127409,127411,127413,127415,127417,127419,127421,127423,127425],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127408,98],{"class":97},[47,127410,101],{"class":83},[47,127412,125841],{"class":87},[47,127414,84],{"class":83},[47,127416,125846],{"class":87},[47,127418,101],{"class":83},[47,127420,253],{"class":61},[47,127422,125853],{"class":65},[47,127424,253],{"class":61},[47,127426,1419],{"class":83},[47,127428,127429,127431,127433,127435],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,127430,98],{"class":97},[47,127432,101],{"class":83},[47,127434,125841],{"class":87},[47,127436,107],{"class":83},[20,127438,338],{},[38,127440,127442],{"className":40,"code":127441,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,127443,127444,127448],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127445,127446],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127447,1264],{"class":1271},[47,127449,127450,127453,127455],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127451,127452],{"class":53},"report",[47,127454,84],{"class":83},[47,127456,127457],{"class":24153},"csv\n",[20,127459,127460,127461,84],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[154,127462,127463],{"href":123916},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,127465,65469],{},[133,127467,127468,127471,127474,127477],{},[136,127469,127470],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[136,127472,127473],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[136,127475,127476],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[136,127478,7816,127479,44033,127481,158,127483,110951],{},[15,127480,1066],{},[15,127482,1021],{},[15,127484,1049],{},[20,127486,29540],{},[38,127488,127490],{"className":40,"code":127489,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,127491,127492,127502,127516,127538,127564],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127493,127494,127496,127498,127500],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127495,98],{"class":97},[47,127497,101],{"class":83},[47,127499,565],{"class":87},[47,127501,107],{"class":83},[47,127503,127504,127506,127508,127510,127512,127514],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127505,98],{"class":97},[47,127507,101],{"class":83},[47,127509,41182],{"class":97},[47,127511,101],{"class":83},[47,127513,565],{"class":87},[47,127515,1419],{"class":83},[47,127517,127518,127520,127522,127524,127526,127528,127530,127532,127534,127536],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,127519,98],{"class":97},[47,127521,101],{"class":83},[47,127523,565],{"class":87},[47,127525,84],{"class":83},[47,127527,125846],{"class":87},[47,127529,101],{"class":83},[47,127531,2693],{"class":61},[47,127533,125853],{"class":65},[47,127535,2693],{"class":61},[47,127537,1419],{"class":83},[47,127539,127540,127542,127544,127546,127548,127550,127552,127554,127556,127558,127560,127562],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,127541,98],{"class":97},[47,127543,101],{"class":83},[47,127545,565],{"class":87},[47,127547,84],{"class":83},[47,127549,8038],{"class":87},[47,127551,8035],{"class":83},[47,127553,125846],{"class":87},[47,127555,101],{"class":83},[47,127557,2693],{"class":61},[47,127559,125853],{"class":65},[47,127561,2693],{"class":61},[47,127563,1419],{"class":83},[47,127565,127566,127568,127570,127572,127574,127576],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,127567,98],{"class":97},[47,127569,101],{"class":83},[47,127571,2613],{"class":919},[47,127573,101],{"class":83},[47,127575,565],{"class":87},[47,127577,1419],{"class":83},[33,127579,1155],{"id":1154},[724,127581,1159,127583,127585],{"id":127582},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,127584,1066],{}," change the string?",[20,127587,127588,127589,158,127591,84],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,127590,2997],{},[15,127592,3070],{},[724,127594,4568,127596,127598],{"id":127595},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,127597,1066],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,127600,127601,127602,84],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,127603,127604],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[724,127606,14305,127608,124082],{"id":127607},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,127609,1066],{},[20,127611,127612,127613,158,127615,127617],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,127614,1014],{},[15,127616,17],{}," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[724,127619,4578,127621,1063,127623,1883],{"id":127620},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,127622,1066],{},[15,127624,123743],{},[20,127626,127627,127629,127630,127632],{},[15,127628,1066],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,127631,123743],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[33,127634,1275],{"id":1274},[133,127636,127637,127643,127649,127653,127657],{},[136,127638,127639],{},[154,127640,1286,127641,1289],{"href":127105},[15,127642,1062],{},[136,127644,127645],{},[154,127646,1286,127647,1289],{"href":1011},[15,127648,1014],{},[136,127650,127651],{},[154,127652,1313],{"href":1312},[136,127654,127655],{},[154,127656,124151],{"href":123916},[136,127658,127659],{},[154,127660,162],{"href":161},[1320,127662,127663],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":127665},[127666,127667,127669,127670,127675,127676,127682,127683,127684,127692,127702],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":125906,"depth":72,"text":127668},"What endswith() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":126121,"depth":72,"text":126122,"children":127671},[127672,127673,127674],{"id":126035,"depth":94,"text":126035},{"id":35476,"depth":94,"text":35476},{"id":52065,"depth":94,"text":52065},{"id":16820,"depth":72,"text":16821},{"id":126534,"depth":72,"text":126535,"children":127677},[127678,127679,127680,127681],{"id":126538,"depth":94,"text":126539},{"id":126592,"depth":94,"text":126593},{"id":126649,"depth":94,"text":126650},{"id":126703,"depth":94,"text":126704},{"id":123396,"depth":72,"text":123397},{"id":126937,"depth":72,"text":126938},{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722,"children":127685},[127686,127687,127688,127690],{"id":127116,"depth":94,"text":127117},{"id":127194,"depth":94,"text":127195},{"id":127291,"depth":94,"text":127689},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127379,"depth":94,"text":127691},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":127693},[127694,127696,127698,127700],{"id":127582,"depth":94,"text":127695},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":127595,"depth":94,"text":127697},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":127607,"depth":94,"text":127699},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":127620,"depth":94,"text":127701},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":125791,"description":127703},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":127710,"title":127711,"body":127712,"description":129378,"extension":1354,"meta":129379,"navigation":311,"path":129380,"seo":129381,"stem":129382,"__hash__":129383},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":127713,"toc":129351},[127714,127719,127724,127729,127734,127827,127837,127842,127847,127862,127864,127946,127954,127956,127958,127985,127987,128003,128010,128012,128120,128122,128127,128143,128145,128240,128248,128251,128257,128262,128267,128274,128413,128416,128429,128431,128435,128442,128511,128514,128563,128570,128577,128591,128596,128601,128647,128693,128709,128711,128716,128730,128733,128855,128860,128862,128867,128900,128903,128979,128981,128990,129004,129007,129091,129094,129205,129208,129236,129238,129245,129249,129255,129258,129264,129267,129274,129285,129291,129298,129300,129348],[10,127715,13,127717,18],{"id":127716},"python-string-find-method",[15,127718,123743],{},[20,127720,22,127721,127723],{},[15,127722,123743],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,127725,127726,127727,84],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,127728,65260],{},[20,127730,1486,127731,127733],{},[15,127732,123743],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[38,127735,127737],{"className":40,"code":127736,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,127738,127739,127751,127774,127787,127791,127814],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127740,127741,127743,127745,127747,127749],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127742,54],{"class":53},[47,127744,58],{"class":57},[47,127746,62],{"class":61},[47,127748,974],{"class":65},[47,127750,69],{"class":61},[47,127752,127753,127755,127757,127759,127761,127764,127766,127768,127770,127772],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127754,64325],{"class":53},[47,127756,58],{"class":57},[47,127758,80],{"class":53},[47,127760,84],{"class":83},[47,127762,127763],{"class":87},"find",[47,127765,101],{"class":83},[47,127767,253],{"class":61},[47,127769,59997],{"class":65},[47,127771,253],{"class":61},[47,127773,107],{"class":83},[47,127775,127776,127778,127780,127782,127784],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,127777,98],{"class":97},[47,127779,101],{"class":83},[47,127781,64352],{"class":87},[47,127783,3057],{"class":83},[47,127785,127786],{"class":113},"   # 6\n",[47,127788,127789],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,127790,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,127792,127793,127796,127798,127800,127802,127804,127806,127808,127810,127812],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,127794,127795],{"class":53},"missing ",[47,127797,58],{"class":57},[47,127799,80],{"class":53},[47,127801,84],{"class":83},[47,127803,127763],{"class":87},[47,127805,101],{"class":83},[47,127807,253],{"class":61},[47,127809,42],{"class":65},[47,127811,253],{"class":61},[47,127813,107],{"class":83},[47,127815,127816,127818,127820,127822,127824],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,127817,98],{"class":97},[47,127819,101],{"class":83},[47,127821,26177],{"class":87},[47,127823,3057],{"class":83},[47,127825,127826],{"class":113},"    # -1\n",[42983,127828,127829],{},[20,127830,1486,127831,127833,127834,127836],{},[15,127832,123743],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,127835,65260],{}," if the substring is not found.",[33,127838,128,127840,131],{"id":127839},"what-find-does",[15,127841,123743],{},[20,127843,127844,127846],{},[15,127845,123743],{}," is a string method that:",[133,127848,127849,127852,127855,127860],{},[136,127850,127851],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[136,127853,127854],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[136,127856,10824,127857,127859],{},[15,127858,65260],{}," if no match is found",[136,127861,125926],{},[20,127863,538],{},[38,127865,127867],{"className":40,"code":127866,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,127868,127869,127881,127885,127909,127933],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127870,127871,127873,127875,127877,127879],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127872,54],{"class":53},[47,127874,58],{"class":57},[47,127876,62],{"class":61},[47,127878,288],{"class":65},[47,127880,69],{"class":61},[47,127882,127883],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127884,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,127886,127887,127889,127891,127893,127895,127897,127899,127901,127903,127905,127907],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,127888,98],{"class":97},[47,127890,101],{"class":83},[47,127892,565],{"class":87},[47,127894,84],{"class":83},[47,127896,127763],{"class":87},[47,127898,101],{"class":83},[47,127900,253],{"class":61},[47,127902,122844],{"class":65},[47,127904,253],{"class":61},[47,127906,4761],{"class":83},[47,127908,57051],{"class":113},[47,127910,127911,127913,127915,127917,127919,127921,127923,127925,127927,127929,127931],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,127912,98],{"class":97},[47,127914,101],{"class":83},[47,127916,565],{"class":87},[47,127918,84],{"class":83},[47,127920,127763],{"class":87},[47,127922,101],{"class":83},[47,127924,253],{"class":61},[47,127926,1567],{"class":65},[47,127928,253],{"class":61},[47,127930,4761],{"class":83},[47,127932,127826],{"class":113},[47,127934,127935,127937,127939,127941,127943],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,127936,98],{"class":97},[47,127938,101],{"class":83},[47,127940,565],{"class":87},[47,127942,3057],{"class":83},[47,127944,127945],{"class":113},"              # banana\n",[20,127947,20173,127948,127951,127952,84],{},[15,127949,127950],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,127953,1449],{},[33,127955,166],{"id":165},[20,127957,169],{},[38,127959,127961],{"className":40,"code":127960,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,127962,127963],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127964,127965,127967,127969,127971,127973,127975,127977,127979,127981,127983],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127966,179],{"class":53},[47,127968,84],{"class":83},[47,127970,127763],{"class":87},[47,127972,101],{"class":83},[47,127974,1863],{"class":87},[47,127976,590],{"class":83},[47,127978,35455],{"class":87},[47,127980,590],{"class":83},[47,127982,64446],{"class":87},[47,127984,107],{"class":83},[724,127986,16797],{"id":16796},[133,127988,127989,127993,127998],{},[136,127990,127991,122943],{},[15,127992,1863],{},[136,127994,127995,127997],{},[15,127996,35476],{},": optional starting position",[136,127999,128000,128002],{},[15,128001,52065],{},": optional ending position",[20,128004,128005,1063,128007,128009],{},[15,128006,35476],{},[15,128008,52065],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128011,126069],{},[38,128013,128015],{"className":40,"code":128014,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128016,128017,128029,128033,128058,128087],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128018,128019,128021,128023,128025,128027],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128020,54],{"class":53},[47,128022,58],{"class":57},[47,128024,62],{"class":61},[47,128026,974],{"class":65},[47,128028,69],{"class":61},[47,128030,128031],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,128032,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,128034,128035,128037,128039,128041,128043,128045,128047,128049,128051,128053,128055],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,128036,98],{"class":97},[47,128038,101],{"class":83},[47,128040,565],{"class":87},[47,128042,84],{"class":83},[47,128044,127763],{"class":87},[47,128046,101],{"class":83},[47,128048,253],{"class":61},[47,128050,59879],{"class":65},[47,128052,253],{"class":61},[47,128054,4761],{"class":83},[47,128056,128057],{"class":113},"        # 4\n",[47,128059,128060,128062,128064,128066,128068,128070,128072,128074,128076,128078,128080,128082,128084],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,128061,98],{"class":97},[47,128063,101],{"class":83},[47,128065,565],{"class":87},[47,128067,84],{"class":83},[47,128069,127763],{"class":87},[47,128071,101],{"class":83},[47,128073,253],{"class":61},[47,128075,59879],{"class":65},[47,128077,253],{"class":61},[47,128079,590],{"class":83},[47,128081,4002],{"class":586},[47,128083,4761],{"class":83},[47,128085,128086],{"class":113},"     # 7\n",[47,128088,128089,128091,128093,128095,128097,128099,128101,128103,128105,128107,128109,128111,128113,128115,128117],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,128090,98],{"class":97},[47,128092,101],{"class":83},[47,128094,565],{"class":87},[47,128096,84],{"class":83},[47,128098,127763],{"class":87},[47,128100,101],{"class":83},[47,128102,253],{"class":61},[47,128104,59879],{"class":65},[47,128106,253],{"class":61},[47,128108,590],{"class":83},[47,128110,4002],{"class":586},[47,128112,590],{"class":83},[47,128114,587],{"class":586},[47,128116,4761],{"class":83},[47,128118,128119],{"class":113},"  # -1\n",[33,128121,37425],{"id":37424},[20,128123,56950,128124,128126],{},[15,128125,123743],{}," is always an integer.",[133,128128,128129,128135,128138],{},[136,128130,128131,128132,128134],{},"A number ",[15,128133,1514],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[136,128136,128137],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[136,128139,128140,128142],{},[15,128141,65260],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128144,538],{},[38,128146,128148],{"className":40,"code":128147,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128149,128150,128162,128166,128191,128216],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128151,128152,128154,128156,128158,128160],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128153,54],{"class":53},[47,128155,58],{"class":57},[47,128157,62],{"class":61},[47,128159,42],{"class":65},[47,128161,69],{"class":61},[47,128163,128164],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,128165,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,128167,128168,128170,128172,128174,128176,128178,128180,128182,128185,128187,128189],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,128169,98],{"class":97},[47,128171,101],{"class":83},[47,128173,565],{"class":87},[47,128175,84],{"class":83},[47,128177,127763],{"class":87},[47,128179,101],{"class":83},[47,128181,253],{"class":61},[47,128183,128184],{"class":65},"py",[47,128186,253],{"class":61},[47,128188,4761],{"class":83},[47,128190,20170],{"class":113},[47,128192,128193,128195,128197,128199,128201,128203,128205,128207,128210,128212,128214],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,128194,98],{"class":97},[47,128196,101],{"class":83},[47,128198,565],{"class":87},[47,128200,84],{"class":83},[47,128202,127763],{"class":87},[47,128204,101],{"class":83},[47,128206,253],{"class":61},[47,128208,128209],{"class":65},"th",[47,128211,253],{"class":61},[47,128213,4761],{"class":83},[47,128215,57051],{"class":113},[47,128217,128218,128220,128222,128224,128226,128228,128230,128232,128234,128236,128238],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,128219,98],{"class":97},[47,128221,101],{"class":83},[47,128223,565],{"class":87},[47,128225,84],{"class":83},[47,128227,127763],{"class":87},[47,128229,101],{"class":83},[47,128231,253],{"class":61},[47,128233,21479],{"class":65},[47,128235,253],{"class":61},[47,128237,4761],{"class":83},[47,128239,127826],{"class":113},[20,128241,89313,128242,7855,128244,158,128246,84],{},[15,128243,123743],{},[15,128245,2997],{},[15,128247,3070],{},[20,128249,128250],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[33,128252,7816,128253,1063,128255],{"id":64812},[15,128254,35476],{},[15,128256,52065],{},[20,128258,1486,128259,128261],{},[15,128260,35476],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128263,1486,128264,128266],{},[15,128265,52065],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128268,1371,128269,74867,128271,128273],{},[15,128270,52065],{},[121,128272,64475],{}," in the search.",[38,128275,128277],{"className":40,"code":128276,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128278,128279,128292,128296,128320,128349,128381],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128280,128281,128283,128285,128287,128290],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128282,54],{"class":53},[47,128284,58],{"class":57},[47,128286,62],{"class":61},[47,128288,128289],{"class":65},"one two three two",[47,128291,69],{"class":61},[47,128293,128294],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,128295,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,128297,128298,128300,128302,128304,128306,128308,128310,128312,128314,128316,128318],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,128299,98],{"class":97},[47,128301,101],{"class":83},[47,128303,565],{"class":87},[47,128305,84],{"class":83},[47,128307,127763],{"class":87},[47,128309,101],{"class":83},[47,128311,253],{"class":61},[47,128313,78676],{"class":65},[47,128315,253],{"class":61},[47,128317,4761],{"class":83},[47,128319,128057],{"class":113},[47,128321,128322,128324,128326,128328,128330,128332,128334,128336,128338,128340,128342,128344,128346],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,128323,98],{"class":97},[47,128325,101],{"class":83},[47,128327,565],{"class":87},[47,128329,84],{"class":83},[47,128331,127763],{"class":87},[47,128333,101],{"class":83},[47,128335,253],{"class":61},[47,128337,78676],{"class":65},[47,128339,253],{"class":61},[47,128341,590],{"class":83},[47,128343,4002],{"class":586},[47,128345,4761],{"class":83},[47,128347,128348],{"class":113},"     # 14\n",[47,128350,128351,128353,128355,128357,128359,128361,128363,128365,128367,128369,128371,128373,128375,128377,128379],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,128352,98],{"class":97},[47,128354,101],{"class":83},[47,128356,565],{"class":87},[47,128358,84],{"class":83},[47,128360,127763],{"class":87},[47,128362,101],{"class":83},[47,128364,253],{"class":61},[47,128366,78676],{"class":65},[47,128368,253],{"class":61},[47,128370,590],{"class":83},[47,128372,3230],{"class":586},[47,128374,590],{"class":83},[47,128376,587],{"class":586},[47,128378,4761],{"class":83},[47,128380,50340],{"class":113},[47,128382,128383,128385,128387,128389,128391,128393,128395,128397,128399,128401,128403,128405,128407,128409,128411],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,128384,98],{"class":97},[47,128386,101],{"class":83},[47,128388,565],{"class":87},[47,128390,84],{"class":83},[47,128392,127763],{"class":87},[47,128394,101],{"class":83},[47,128396,253],{"class":61},[47,128398,78676],{"class":65},[47,128400,253],{"class":61},[47,128402,590],{"class":83},[47,128404,3230],{"class":586},[47,128406,590],{"class":83},[47,128408,1847],{"class":586},[47,128410,4761],{"class":83},[47,128412,128119],{"class":113},[20,128414,128415],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,128417,128418,128419,54474,128423,84],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[154,128420,128422],{"href":128421},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[154,128424,128426,128428],{"href":128425},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,128427,59937],{}," string method",[33,128430,123397],{"id":123396},[20,128432,128433,123208],{},[15,128434,123743],{},[20,128436,126785,128437,1063,128439,128441],{},[15,128438,89821],{},[15,128440,63940],{}," are treated as different text.",[38,128443,128445],{"className":40,"code":128444,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,128446,128447,128459,128463,128487],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128448,128449,128451,128453,128455,128457],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128450,54],{"class":53},[47,128452,58],{"class":57},[47,128454,62],{"class":61},[47,128456,66],{"class":65},[47,128458,69],{"class":61},[47,128460,128461],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,128462,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,128464,128465,128467,128469,128471,128473,128475,128477,128479,128481,128483,128485],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,128466,98],{"class":97},[47,128468,101],{"class":83},[47,128470,565],{"class":87},[47,128472,84],{"class":83},[47,128474,127763],{"class":87},[47,128476,101],{"class":83},[47,128478,253],{"class":61},[47,128480,34270],{"class":65},[47,128482,253],{"class":61},[47,128484,4761],{"class":83},[47,128486,50651],{"class":113},[47,128488,128489,128491,128493,128495,128497,128499,128501,128503,128505,128507,128509],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,128490,98],{"class":97},[47,128492,101],{"class":83},[47,128494,565],{"class":87},[47,128496,84],{"class":83},[47,128498,127763],{"class":87},[47,128500,101],{"class":83},[47,128502,253],{"class":61},[47,128504,256],{"class":65},[47,128506,253],{"class":61},[47,128508,4761],{"class":83},[47,128510,128119],{"class":113},[20,128512,128513],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[38,128515,128517],{"className":40,"code":128516,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,128518,128519,128531,128535],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128520,128521,128523,128525,128527,128529],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128522,54],{"class":53},[47,128524,58],{"class":57},[47,128526,62],{"class":61},[47,128528,66],{"class":65},[47,128530,69],{"class":61},[47,128532,128533],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,128534,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,128536,128537,128539,128541,128543,128545,128547,128549,128551,128553,128555,128557,128559,128561],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,128538,98],{"class":97},[47,128540,101],{"class":83},[47,128542,565],{"class":87},[47,128544,84],{"class":83},[47,128546,8038],{"class":87},[47,128548,8035],{"class":83},[47,128550,127763],{"class":87},[47,128552,101],{"class":83},[47,128554,253],{"class":61},[47,128556,256],{"class":65},[47,128558,253],{"class":61},[47,128560,4761],{"class":83},[47,128562,50651],{"class":113},[33,128564,128566,9985,128568],{"id":128565},"find-vs-index",[15,128567,123743],{},[15,128569,58374],{},[20,128571,128572,1063,128574,128576],{},[15,128573,123743],{},[15,128575,58374],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[133,128578,128579,128585],{},[136,128580,128581,1786,128583],{},[15,128582,123743],{},[15,128584,65260],{},[136,128586,128587,51899,128589],{},[15,128588,58374],{},[15,128590,40107],{},[20,128592,1486,128593,128595],{},[15,128594,123743],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,128597,1486,128598,128600],{},[15,128599,58374],{}," when the value must exist.",[38,128602,128604],{"className":40,"code":128603,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,128605,128606,128618,128622],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128607,128608,128610,128612,128614,128616],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128609,54],{"class":53},[47,128611,58],{"class":57},[47,128613,62],{"class":61},[47,128615,256],{"class":65},[47,128617,69],{"class":61},[47,128619,128620],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,128621,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,128623,128624,128626,128628,128630,128632,128634,128636,128638,128640,128642,128644],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,128625,98],{"class":97},[47,128627,101],{"class":83},[47,128629,565],{"class":87},[47,128631,84],{"class":83},[47,128633,127763],{"class":87},[47,128635,101],{"class":83},[47,128637,253],{"class":61},[47,128639,1567],{"class":65},[47,128641,253],{"class":61},[47,128643,4761],{"class":83},[47,128645,128646],{"class":113},"   # -1\n",[38,128648,128650],{"className":40,"code":128649,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,128651,128652,128664,128668],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128653,128654,128656,128658,128660,128662],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128655,54],{"class":53},[47,128657,58],{"class":57},[47,128659,62],{"class":61},[47,128661,256],{"class":65},[47,128663,69],{"class":61},[47,128665,128666],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,128667,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,128669,128670,128672,128674,128676,128678,128680,128682,128684,128686,128688,128690],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,128671,98],{"class":97},[47,128673,101],{"class":83},[47,128675,565],{"class":87},[47,128677,84],{"class":83},[47,128679,35250],{"class":87},[47,128681,101],{"class":83},[47,128683,253],{"class":61},[47,128685,1567],{"class":65},[47,128687,253],{"class":61},[47,128689,4761],{"class":83},[47,128691,128692],{"class":113},"  # ValueError\n",[20,128694,128695,128696,128700,128701,128703,128704,84],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[154,128697,128698,128428],{"href":123768},[15,128699,58374],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,128702,58374],{},", read ",[154,128705,25083,128706],{"href":72887},[15,128707,128708],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[33,128710,40449],{"id":40448},[20,128712,34809,128713,128715],{},[15,128714,123743],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[133,128717,128718,128721,128724,128727],{},[136,128719,128720],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[136,128722,128723],{},"Get the position of a word",[136,128725,128726],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[136,128728,128729],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,128731,128732],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[38,128734,128736],{"className":40,"code":128735,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,128737,128738,128751,128774,128778,128793,128809,128828,128842],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128739,128740,128742,128744,128746,128749],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128741,54],{"class":53},[47,128743,58],{"class":57},[47,128745,62],{"class":61},[47,128747,128748],{"class":65},"name:Alice",[47,128750,69],{"class":61},[47,128752,128753,128756,128758,128760,128762,128764,128766,128768,128770,128772],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,128754,128755],{"class":53},"colon_pos ",[47,128757,58],{"class":57},[47,128759,80],{"class":53},[47,128761,84],{"class":83},[47,128763,127763],{"class":87},[47,128765,101],{"class":83},[47,128767,253],{"class":61},[47,128769,1032],{"class":65},[47,128771,253],{"class":61},[47,128773,107],{"class":83},[47,128775,128776],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,128777,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,128779,128780,128782,128785,128787,128789,128791],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,128781,656],{"class":655},[47,128783,128784],{"class":53}," colon_pos ",[47,128786,71997],{"class":57},[47,128788,1612],{"class":57},[47,128790,2377],{"class":586},[47,128792,679],{"class":83},[47,128794,128795,128798,128800,128802,128804,128807],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,128796,128797],{"class":53},"    label ",[47,128799,58],{"class":57},[47,128801,80],{"class":53},[47,128803,74940],{"class":83},[47,128805,128806],{"class":53},"colon_pos",[47,128808,3030],{"class":83},[47,128810,128811,128813,128815,128817,128819,128821,128823,128825],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,128812,26805],{"class":53},[47,128814,58],{"class":57},[47,128816,80],{"class":53},[47,128818,3296],{"class":83},[47,128820,128755],{"class":53},[47,128822,1452],{"class":57},[47,128824,4898],{"class":586},[47,128826,128827],{"class":83},":]\n",[47,128829,128830,128832,128834,128837,128839],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,128831,684],{"class":97},[47,128833,101],{"class":83},[47,128835,128836],{"class":87},"label",[47,128838,3057],{"class":83},[47,128840,128841],{"class":113},"  # name\n",[47,128843,128844,128846,128848,128850,128852],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,128845,684],{"class":97},[47,128847,101],{"class":83},[47,128849,1863],{"class":87},[47,128851,3057],{"class":83},[47,128853,128854],{"class":113},"  # Alice\n",[20,128856,128857,128858,84],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[154,128859,126776],{"href":1312},[33,128861,722],{"id":721},[20,128863,128864,128865,1032],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,128866,123743],{},[133,128868,128869,128878,128884,128889,128895],{},[136,128870,7852,128871,7855,128873,158,128875,128877],{},[15,128872,123743],{},[15,128874,2997],{},[15,128876,3070],{}," instead of an index",[136,128879,128880,128881,128883],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,128882,65260],{}," when the substring is missing",[136,128885,7816,128886,128888],{},[15,128887,123743],{}," without handling case differences",[136,128890,946,128891,8101,128893],{},[15,128892,123743],{},[15,128894,58374],{},[136,128896,3976,128897,128899],{},[15,128898,123743],{}," changes the string",[20,128901,128902],{},"Example of a mistake:",[38,128904,128906],{"className":40,"code":128905,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,128907,128908,128920,128924,128944,128959,128965],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128909,128910,128912,128914,128916,128918],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128911,54],{"class":53},[47,128913,58],{"class":57},[47,128915,62],{"class":61},[47,128917,256],{"class":65},[47,128919,69],{"class":61},[47,128921,128922],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,128923,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,128925,128926,128928,128930,128932,128934,128936,128938,128940,128942],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,128927,656],{"class":655},[47,128929,80],{"class":53},[47,128931,84],{"class":83},[47,128933,127763],{"class":87},[47,128935,101],{"class":83},[47,128937,253],{"class":61},[47,128939,59844],{"class":65},[47,128941,253],{"class":61},[47,128943,7740],{"class":83},[47,128945,128946,128948,128950,128952,128955,128957],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,128947,684],{"class":97},[47,128949,101],{"class":83},[47,128951,253],{"class":61},[47,128953,128954],{"class":65},"Found",[47,128956,253],{"class":61},[47,128958,107],{"class":83},[47,128960,128961,128963],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,128962,26838],{"class":655},[47,128964,679],{"class":83},[47,128966,128967,128969,128971,128973,128975,128977],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,128968,684],{"class":97},[47,128970,101],{"class":83},[47,128972,253],{"class":61},[47,128974,25719],{"class":65},[47,128976,253],{"class":61},[47,128978,107],{"class":83},[20,128980,99315],{},[38,128982,128984],{"className":40,"code":128983,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Not found\n",[15,128985,128986],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128987,128988],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128989,128983],{"class":53},[20,128991,45107,128992,128995,128996,16474,128998,129000,129001,129003],{},[15,128993,128994],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,128997,1514],{},[15,128999,1514],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129002,656],{}," statement.",[20,129005,129006],{},"A safer version is:",[38,129008,129010],{"className":40,"code":129009,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129011,129012,129024,129028,129057,129071,129077],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129013,129014,129016,129018,129020,129022],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129015,54],{"class":53},[47,129017,58],{"class":57},[47,129019,62],{"class":61},[47,129021,256],{"class":65},[47,129023,69],{"class":61},[47,129025,129026],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,129027,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,129029,129030,129032,129034,129036,129038,129040,129042,129044,129046,129048,129051,129053,129055],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,129031,656],{"class":655},[47,129033,80],{"class":53},[47,129035,84],{"class":83},[47,129037,127763],{"class":87},[47,129039,101],{"class":83},[47,129041,253],{"class":61},[47,129043,59844],{"class":65},[47,129045,253],{"class":61},[47,129047,3057],{"class":83},[47,129049,129050],{"class":57}," !=",[47,129052,1612],{"class":57},[47,129054,2377],{"class":586},[47,129056,679],{"class":83},[47,129058,129059,129061,129063,129065,129067,129069],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,129060,684],{"class":97},[47,129062,101],{"class":83},[47,129064,253],{"class":61},[47,129066,128954],{"class":65},[47,129068,253],{"class":61},[47,129070,107],{"class":83},[47,129072,129073,129075],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,129074,26838],{"class":655},[47,129076,679],{"class":83},[47,129078,129079,129081,129083,129085,129087,129089],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,129080,684],{"class":97},[47,129082,101],{"class":83},[47,129084,253],{"class":61},[47,129086,25719],{"class":65},[47,129088,253],{"class":61},[47,129090,107],{"class":83},[20,129092,129093],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[38,129095,129097],{"className":40,"code":129096,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129098,129099,129121,129135,129161,129175],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129100,129101,129103,129105,129107,129109,129111,129113,129115,129117,129119],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129102,98],{"class":97},[47,129104,101],{"class":83},[47,129106,565],{"class":87},[47,129108,84],{"class":83},[47,129110,127763],{"class":87},[47,129112,101],{"class":83},[47,129114,2693],{"class":61},[47,129116,321],{"class":65},[47,129118,2693],{"class":61},[47,129120,1419],{"class":83},[47,129122,129123,129125,129127,129129,129131,129133],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,129124,98],{"class":97},[47,129126,101],{"class":83},[47,129128,41182],{"class":97},[47,129130,101],{"class":83},[47,129132,565],{"class":87},[47,129134,1419],{"class":83},[47,129136,129137,129139,129141,129143,129145,129147,129149,129151,129153,129155,129157,129159],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,129138,98],{"class":97},[47,129140,101],{"class":83},[47,129142,565],{"class":87},[47,129144,84],{"class":83},[47,129146,8038],{"class":87},[47,129148,8035],{"class":83},[47,129150,127763],{"class":87},[47,129152,101],{"class":83},[47,129154,2693],{"class":61},[47,129156,321],{"class":65},[47,129158,2693],{"class":61},[47,129160,1419],{"class":83},[47,129162,129163,129165,129167,129169,129171,129173],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,129164,98],{"class":97},[47,129166,101],{"class":83},[47,129168,10562],{"class":97},[47,129170,101],{"class":83},[47,129172,565],{"class":87},[47,129174,1419],{"class":83},[47,129176,129177,129179,129181,129183,129185,129187,129189,129191,129193,129195,129197,129199,129201,129203],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,129178,98],{"class":97},[47,129180,101],{"class":83},[47,129182,565],{"class":87},[47,129184,84],{"class":83},[47,129186,127763],{"class":87},[47,129188,101],{"class":83},[47,129190,2693],{"class":61},[47,129192,321],{"class":65},[47,129194,2693],{"class":61},[47,129196,590],{"class":83},[47,129198,35455],{"class":87},[47,129200,590],{"class":83},[47,129202,64446],{"class":87},[47,129204,1419],{"class":83},[20,129206,129207],{},"These help you check:",[133,129209,129210,129215,129220,129225,129228],{},[136,129211,129212,129213],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129214,123743],{},[136,129216,129217,129218],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129219,121967],{},[136,129221,129222,129223],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129224,1014],{},[136,129226,129227],{},"The string length",[136,129229,129230,129231,1063,129233,129235],{},"Whether your ",[15,129232,35476],{},[15,129234,52065],{}," values are correct",[33,129237,1155],{"id":1154},[724,129239,129241,129242,129244],{"id":129240},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129243,123743],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129246,4546,129247,84],{},[15,129248,65260],{},[724,129250,1159,129252,129254],{"id":129251},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129253,123743],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129256,129257],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[724,129259,129261,129262,124082],{"id":129260},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129263,123743],{},[20,129265,129266],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[724,129268,4578,129270,1063,129272,69061],{"id":129269},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129271,123743],{},[15,129273,58374],{},[20,129275,129276,1786,129278,129280,129281,51899,129283,84],{},[15,129277,123743],{},[15,129279,65260],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129282,58374],{},[15,129284,40107],{},[724,129286,1190,129288,129290],{"id":129287},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129289,123743],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129292,129293,129294,1063,129296,65559],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129295,35476],{},[15,129297,52065],{},[33,129299,1275],{"id":1274},[133,129301,129302,129308,129314,129320,129326,129333,129337,129342],{},[136,129303,129304],{},[154,129305,1286,129306,1289],{"href":123768},[15,129307,58374],{},[136,129309,129310],{},[154,129311,1286,129312,1289],{"href":128425},[15,129313,59937],{},[136,129315,129316],{},[154,129317,1286,129318,1289],{"href":1018},[15,129319,1021],{},[136,129321,129322],{},[154,129323,1286,129324,1289],{"href":127105},[15,129325,1062],{},[136,129327,129328],{},[154,129329,1286,129331,1289],{"href":129330},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129332,1066],{},[136,129334,129335],{},[154,129336,1313],{"href":1312},[136,129338,129339],{},[154,129340,129341],{"href":128421},"How to split a string in Python",[136,129343,129344],{},[154,129345,25526,129346],{"href":72887},[15,129347,128708],{},[1320,129349,129350],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":129352},[129353,129355,129358,129359,129360,129361,129363,129364,129365,129377],{"id":127839,"depth":72,"text":129354},"What find() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166,"children":129356},[129357],{"id":16796,"depth":94,"text":16797},{"id":37424,"depth":72,"text":37425},{"id":64812,"depth":72,"text":65595},{"id":123396,"depth":72,"text":123397},{"id":128565,"depth":72,"text":129362},"find() vs index()",{"id":40448,"depth":72,"text":40449},{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":129366},[129367,129369,129371,129373,129375],{"id":129240,"depth":94,"text":129368},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129251,"depth":94,"text":129370},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129260,"depth":94,"text":129372},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129269,"depth":94,"text":129374},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129287,"depth":94,"text":129376},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":127711,"description":129378},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129385,"title":129386,"body":129387,"description":131313,"extension":1354,"meta":131314,"navigation":311,"path":131315,"seo":131316,"stem":131317,"__hash__":131318},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129388,"toc":131281},[129389,129394,129399,129402,129404,129480,129484,129512,129520,129524,129529,129533,129550,129552,129619,129623,129645,129653,129655,129658,129682,129685,129699,129701,129786,129790,129802,129805,129809,129815,129865,129869,129886,129895,129898,129906,129909,129958,129962,129987,129990,130045,130049,130061,130067,130071,130077,130082,130149,130153,130179,130182,130193,130195,130262,130266,130291,130298,130302,130307,130314,130322,130324,130376,130380,130398,130400,130445,130449,130464,130467,130477,130484,130486,130490,130493,130504,130506,130566,130570,130598,130601,130607,130612,130615,130619,130663,130666,130704,130707,130715,130717,130722,130726,130729,130777,130780,130783,130839,130843,130848,130851,130900,130902,130951,130957,130962,130964,131011,131015,131028,131030,131081,131087,131090,131094,131097,131103,131108,131110,131113,131185,131188,131205,131207,131212,131215,131219,131225,131231,131238,131244,131250,131252,131278],[10,129390,13,129392,18],{"id":129391},"python-string-format-method",[15,129393,125744],{},[20,129395,22,129396,129398],{},[15,129397,125744],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129400,129401],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[33,129403,36],{"id":35},[38,129405,129407],{"className":40,"code":129406,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129408,129409,129421,129429,129433,129470],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129410,129411,129413,129415,129417,129419],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129412,212],{"class":53},[47,129414,58],{"class":57},[47,129416,62],{"class":61},[47,129418,10907],{"class":65},[47,129420,69],{"class":61},[47,129422,129423,129425,129427],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,129424,21030],{"class":53},[47,129426,58],{"class":57},[47,129428,88203],{"class":586},[47,129430,129431],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,129432,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,129434,129435,129437,129439,129441,129444,129446,129449,129451,129453,129455,129457,129460,129462,129464,129466,129468],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,129436,89410],{"class":53},[47,129438,58],{"class":57},[47,129440,62],{"class":61},[47,129442,129443],{"class":65},"My name is ",[47,129445,3188],{"class":586},[47,129447,129448],{"class":65}," and I am ",[47,129450,3188],{"class":586},[47,129452,121749],{"class":65},[47,129454,253],{"class":61},[47,129456,84],{"class":83},[47,129458,129459],{"class":87},"format",[47,129461,101],{"class":83},[47,129463,229],{"class":87},[47,129465,590],{"class":83},[47,129467,8586],{"class":87},[47,129469,107],{"class":83},[47,129471,129472,129474,129476,129478],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,129473,98],{"class":97},[47,129475,101],{"class":83},[47,129477,89427],{"class":87},[47,129479,107],{"class":83},[20,129481,129482],{},[121,129483,338],{},[38,129485,129487],{"className":40,"code":129486,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,129488,129489],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129490,129491,129494,129496,129499,129502,129505,129508,129510],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129492,129493],{"class":53},"My name ",[47,129495,11593],{"class":57},[47,129497,129498],{"class":53}," Maya ",[47,129500,129501],{"class":57},"and",[47,129503,129504],{"class":53}," I am ",[47,129506,129507],{"class":586},"12",[47,129509,121782],{"class":53},[47,129511,121785],{"class":83},[20,129513,1486,129514,129516,129517,129519],{},[15,129515,3188],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,129518,125744],{}," in the same order.",[20,129521,152,129522,84],{},[154,129523,162],{"href":161},[33,129525,12396,129527,12399],{"id":129526},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,129528,125744],{},[20,129530,1371,129531,10813],{},[15,129532,125744],{},[133,129534,129535,129538,129544,129547],{},[136,129536,129537],{},"inserts values into a string",[136,129539,129540,129541,129543],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,129542,3188],{}," with given values",[136,129545,129546],{},"returns a new string",[136,129548,129549],{},"does not change the original string",[20,129551,538],{},[38,129553,129555],{"className":40,"code":129554,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,129556,129557,129571,129594,129598,129609],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129558,129559,129561,129563,129565,129567,129569],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129560,54],{"class":53},[47,129562,58],{"class":57},[47,129564,62],{"class":61},[47,129566,44305],{"class":65},[47,129568,3188],{"class":586},[47,129570,69],{"class":61},[47,129572,129573,129576,129578,129580,129582,129584,129586,129588,129590,129592],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,129574,129575],{"class":53},"new_text ",[47,129577,58],{"class":57},[47,129579,80],{"class":53},[47,129581,84],{"class":83},[47,129583,129459],{"class":87},[47,129585,101],{"class":83},[47,129587,253],{"class":61},[47,129589,7075],{"class":65},[47,129591,253],{"class":61},[47,129593,107],{"class":83},[47,129595,129596],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,129597,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,129599,129600,129602,129604,129607],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,129601,98],{"class":97},[47,129603,101],{"class":83},[47,129605,129606],{"class":87},"new_text",[47,129608,107],{"class":83},[47,129610,129611,129613,129615,129617],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,129612,98],{"class":97},[47,129614,101],{"class":83},[47,129616,565],{"class":87},[47,129618,107],{"class":83},[20,129620,129621],{},[121,129622,338],{},[38,129624,129626],{"className":40,"code":129625,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,129627,129628,129637],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129629,129630,129632,129634],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129631,34270],{"class":53},[47,129633,590],{"class":83},[47,129635,129636],{"class":53}," Sam\n",[47,129638,129639,129641,129643],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,129640,34270],{"class":53},[47,129642,590],{"class":83},[47,129644,9237],{"class":83},[20,129646,1674,129647,129649,129650,129652],{},[15,129648,565],{}," stays the same. ",[15,129651,125744],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[33,129654,166],{"id":165},[20,129656,129657],{},"The general form is:",[38,129659,129661],{"className":40,"code":129660,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,129662,129663],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129664,129665,129667,129670,129672,129674,129676,129678,129680],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129666,253],{"class":42731},[47,129668,129669],{"class":42735},"text {}",[47,129671,253],{"class":42731},[47,129673,84],{"class":83},[47,129675,129459],{"class":87},[47,129677,101],{"class":83},[47,129679,1863],{"class":87},[47,129681,107],{"class":83},[20,129683,129684],{},"Key idea:",[133,129686,129687,129693,129696],{},[136,129688,129689,129690,129692],{},"each ",[15,129691,3188],{}," is a placeholder",[136,129694,129695],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[136,129697,129698],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,129700,538],{},[38,129702,129704],{"className":40,"code":129703,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,129705,129706,129719,129733,129737,129775],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129707,129708,129711,129713,129715,129717],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129709,129710],{"class":53},"animal ",[47,129712,58],{"class":57},[47,129714,62],{"class":61},[47,129716,36452],{"class":65},[47,129718,69],{"class":61},[47,129720,129721,129724,129726,129728,129731],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,129722,129723],{"class":53},"sound ",[47,129725,58],{"class":57},[47,129727,62],{"class":61},[47,129729,129730],{"class":65},"meow",[47,129732,69],{"class":61},[47,129734,129735],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,129736,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,129738,129739,129742,129744,129746,129748,129750,129753,129755,129757,129759,129761,129763,129765,129768,129770,129773],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,129740,129741],{"class":53},"sentence ",[47,129743,58],{"class":57},[47,129745,62],{"class":61},[47,129747,1371],{"class":65},[47,129749,3188],{"class":586},[47,129751,129752],{"class":65}," says ",[47,129754,3188],{"class":586},[47,129756,84],{"class":65},[47,129758,253],{"class":61},[47,129760,84],{"class":83},[47,129762,129459],{"class":87},[47,129764,101],{"class":83},[47,129766,129767],{"class":87},"animal",[47,129769,590],{"class":83},[47,129771,129772],{"class":87}," sound",[47,129774,107],{"class":83},[47,129776,129777,129779,129781,129784],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,129778,98],{"class":97},[47,129780,101],{"class":83},[47,129782,129783],{"class":87},"sentence",[47,129785,107],{"class":83},[20,129787,129788],{},[121,129789,338],{},[38,129791,129793],{"className":40,"code":129792,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,129794,129795],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129796,129797,129800],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129798,129799],{"class":53},"The cat says meow",[47,129801,121785],{"class":83},[20,129803,129804],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[33,129806,129808],{"id":129807},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,129810,129811,129812,129814],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,129813,3188],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[38,129816,129818],{"className":40,"code":129817,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,129819,129820],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129821,129822,129824,129826,129828,129831,129833,129835,129837,129839,129841,129843,129845,129847,129849,129852,129854,129856,129858,129861,129863],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129823,98],{"class":97},[47,129825,101],{"class":83},[47,129827,253],{"class":61},[47,129829,129830],{"class":65},"I like ",[47,129832,3188],{"class":586},[47,129834,1063],{"class":65},[47,129836,3188],{"class":586},[47,129838,84],{"class":65},[47,129840,253],{"class":61},[47,129842,84],{"class":83},[47,129844,129459],{"class":87},[47,129846,101],{"class":83},[47,129848,253],{"class":61},[47,129850,129851],{"class":65},"pizza",[47,129853,253],{"class":61},[47,129855,590],{"class":83},[47,129857,62],{"class":61},[47,129859,129860],{"class":65},"pasta",[47,129862,253],{"class":61},[47,129864,1419],{"class":83},[20,129866,129867],{},[121,129868,338],{},[38,129870,129872],{"className":40,"code":129871,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,129873,129874],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129875,129876,129879,129881,129884],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129877,129878],{"class":53},"I like pizza ",[47,129880,129501],{"class":57},[47,129882,129883],{"class":53}," pasta",[47,129885,121785],{"class":83},[20,129887,129888,129889,1063,129892,84],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,129890,129891],{},"{0}",[15,129893,129894],{},"{1}",[20,129896,129897],{},"This is helpful when:",[133,129899,129900,129903],{},[136,129901,129902],{},"you want to reuse a value",[136,129904,129905],{},"you want to change the order",[20,129907,129908],{},"Example with reused values:",[38,129910,129912],{"className":40,"code":129911,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,129913,129914,129948],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129915,129916,129918,129920,129922,129924,129927,129929,129932,129934,129936,129938,129940,129942,129944,129946],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129917,54],{"class":53},[47,129919,58],{"class":57},[47,129921,62],{"class":61},[47,129923,129891],{"class":586},[47,129925,129926],{"class":65}," is learning Python. ",[47,129928,129891],{"class":586},[47,129930,129931],{"class":65}," likes coding.",[47,129933,253],{"class":61},[47,129935,84],{"class":83},[47,129937,129459],{"class":87},[47,129939,101],{"class":83},[47,129941,253],{"class":61},[47,129943,19284],{"class":65},[47,129945,253],{"class":61},[47,129947,107],{"class":83},[47,129949,129950,129952,129954,129956],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,129951,98],{"class":97},[47,129953,101],{"class":83},[47,129955,565],{"class":87},[47,129957,107],{"class":83},[20,129959,129960],{},[121,129961,338],{},[38,129963,129965],{"className":40,"code":129964,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,129966,129967],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129968,129969,129972,129974,129977,129979,129982,129985],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129970,129971],{"class":53},"Lina ",[47,129973,11593],{"class":57},[47,129975,129976],{"class":53}," learning Python",[47,129978,84],{"class":83},[47,129980,129981],{"class":24153}," Lina",[47,129983,129984],{"class":53}," likes coding",[47,129986,121785],{"class":83},[20,129988,129989],{},"Example with changed order:",[38,129991,129993],{"className":40,"code":129992,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,129994,129995,130035],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129996,129997,129999,130001,130003,130005,130007,130009,130011,130013,130015,130017,130019,130021,130023,130025,130027,130029,130031,130033],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129998,54],{"class":53},[47,130000,58],{"class":57},[47,130002,62],{"class":61},[47,130004,129894],{"class":586},[47,130006,82731],{"class":65},[47,130008,129891],{"class":586},[47,130010,84],{"class":65},[47,130012,253],{"class":61},[47,130014,84],{"class":83},[47,130016,129459],{"class":87},[47,130018,101],{"class":83},[47,130020,253],{"class":61},[47,130022,5985],{"class":65},[47,130024,253],{"class":61},[47,130026,590],{"class":83},[47,130028,62],{"class":61},[47,130030,78676],{"class":65},[47,130032,253],{"class":61},[47,130034,107],{"class":83},[47,130036,130037,130039,130041,130043],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,130038,98],{"class":97},[47,130040,101],{"class":83},[47,130042,565],{"class":87},[47,130044,107],{"class":83},[20,130046,130047],{},[121,130048,338],{},[38,130050,130052],{"className":40,"code":130051,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130053,130054],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130055,130056,130059],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130057,130058],{"class":53},"two comes after one",[47,130060,121785],{"class":83},[20,130062,130063,130064,130066],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130065,3188],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[33,130068,130070],{"id":130069},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130072,130073,130074,84],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130075,130076],{},"{name}",[20,130078,130079,130080,1032],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130081,125744],{},[38,130083,130085],{"className":40,"code":130084,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130086,130087,130139],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130088,130089,130091,130093,130095,130097,130099,130102,130105,130107,130109,130111,130113,130115,130117,130119,130121,130123,130125,130127,130129,130131,130133,130135,130137],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130090,54],{"class":53},[47,130092,58],{"class":57},[47,130094,62],{"class":61},[47,130096,129443],{"class":65},[47,130098,130076],{"class":586},[47,130100,130101],{"class":65}," and I live in ",[47,130103,130104],{"class":586},"{city}",[47,130106,84],{"class":65},[47,130108,253],{"class":61},[47,130110,84],{"class":83},[47,130112,129459],{"class":87},[47,130114,101],{"class":83},[47,130116,229],{"class":8573},[47,130118,58],{"class":57},[47,130120,253],{"class":61},[47,130122,12280],{"class":65},[47,130124,253],{"class":61},[47,130126,590],{"class":83},[47,130128,30790],{"class":8573},[47,130130,58],{"class":57},[47,130132,253],{"class":61},[47,130134,15434],{"class":65},[47,130136,253],{"class":61},[47,130138,107],{"class":83},[47,130140,130141,130143,130145,130147],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,130142,98],{"class":97},[47,130144,101],{"class":83},[47,130146,565],{"class":87},[47,130148,107],{"class":83},[20,130150,130151],{},[121,130152,338],{},[38,130154,130156],{"className":40,"code":130155,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130157,130158],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130159,130160,130162,130164,130167,130169,130172,130174,130177],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130161,129493],{"class":53},[47,130163,11593],{"class":57},[47,130165,130166],{"class":53}," Ana ",[47,130168,129501],{"class":57},[47,130170,130171],{"class":53}," I live ",[47,130173,3278],{"class":57},[47,130175,130176],{"class":53}," Lima",[47,130178,121785],{"class":83},[20,130180,130181],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[133,130183,130184,130187,130190],{},[136,130185,130186],{},"they make code easier to read",[136,130188,130189],{},"they help when a string has many values",[136,130191,130192],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130194,538],{},[38,130196,130198],{"className":40,"code":130197,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130199,130200,130252],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130201,130202,130205,130207,130209,130212,130215,130218,130221,130223,130225,130227,130229,130231,130233,130235,130238,130240,130242,130245,130247,130250],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130203,130204],{"class":53},"report ",[47,130206,58],{"class":57},[47,130208,62],{"class":61},[47,130210,130211],{"class":65},"Student: ",[47,130213,130214],{"class":586},"{student}",[47,130216,130217],{"class":65},", Score: ",[47,130219,130220],{"class":586},"{score}",[47,130222,253],{"class":61},[47,130224,84],{"class":83},[47,130226,129459],{"class":87},[47,130228,101],{"class":83},[47,130230,13027],{"class":8573},[47,130232,58],{"class":57},[47,130234,253],{"class":61},[47,130236,130237],{"class":65},"Noah",[47,130239,253],{"class":61},[47,130241,590],{"class":83},[47,130243,130244],{"class":8573}," score",[47,130246,58],{"class":57},[47,130248,130249],{"class":586},"95",[47,130251,107],{"class":83},[47,130253,130254,130256,130258,130260],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,130255,98],{"class":97},[47,130257,101],{"class":83},[47,130259,127452],{"class":87},[47,130261,107],{"class":83},[20,130263,130264],{},[121,130265,338],{},[38,130267,130269],{"className":40,"code":130268,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130270,130271],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130272,130273,130276,130278,130281,130283,130286,130288],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130274,130275],{"class":53},"Student",[47,130277,1032],{"class":83},[47,130279,130280],{"class":53}," Noah",[47,130282,590],{"class":83},[47,130284,130285],{"class":53}," Score",[47,130287,1032],{"class":83},[47,130289,130290],{"class":586}," 95\n",[20,130292,130293,130294,84],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[154,130295,2968,130296,2901],{"href":41578},[15,130297,47088],{},[33,130299,130301],{"id":130300},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130303,130304,130306],{},[15,130305,125744],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130308,130309,130310,130313],{},"A common example is ",[15,130311,130312],{},":.2f",", which means:",[133,130315,130316,130319],{},[136,130317,130318],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[136,130320,130321],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130323,538],{},[38,130325,130327],{"className":40,"code":130326,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130328,130329,130337,130366],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130330,130331,130333,130335],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130332,39790],{"class":53},[47,130334,58],{"class":57},[47,130336,48680],{"class":586},[47,130338,130339,130341,130343,130345,130348,130350,130352,130354,130356,130358,130360,130362,130364],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,130340,54],{"class":53},[47,130342,58],{"class":57},[47,130344,62],{"class":61},[47,130346,130347],{"class":65},"Price: $",[47,130349,8676],{"class":586},[47,130351,130312],{"class":1458},[47,130353,21705],{"class":586},[47,130355,253],{"class":61},[47,130357,84],{"class":83},[47,130359,129459],{"class":87},[47,130361,101],{"class":83},[47,130363,24553],{"class":87},[47,130365,107],{"class":83},[47,130367,130368,130370,130372,130374],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,130369,98],{"class":97},[47,130371,101],{"class":83},[47,130373,565],{"class":87},[47,130375,107],{"class":83},[20,130377,130378],{},[121,130379,338],{},[38,130381,130383],{"className":40,"code":130382,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130384,130385],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130386,130387,130390,130392,130395],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130388,130389],{"class":53},"Price",[47,130391,1032],{"class":83},[47,130393,130394],{"class":36771}," $",[47,130396,130397],{"class":586},"3.50\n",[20,130399,51484],{},[38,130401,130403],{"className":40,"code":130402,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130404,130405,130415],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130406,130407,130410,130412],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130408,130409],{"class":53},"average ",[47,130411,58],{"class":57},[47,130413,130414],{"class":586}," 91.236\n",[47,130416,130417,130419,130421,130423,130426,130428,130430,130432,130434,130436,130438,130440,130443],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,130418,98],{"class":97},[47,130420,101],{"class":83},[47,130422,253],{"class":61},[47,130424,130425],{"class":65},"Average: ",[47,130427,8676],{"class":586},[47,130429,130312],{"class":1458},[47,130431,21705],{"class":586},[47,130433,253],{"class":61},[47,130435,84],{"class":83},[47,130437,129459],{"class":87},[47,130439,101],{"class":83},[47,130441,130442],{"class":87},"average",[47,130444,1419],{"class":83},[20,130446,130447],{},[121,130448,338],{},[38,130450,130452],{"className":40,"code":130451,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,130453,130454],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130455,130456,130459,130461],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130457,130458],{"class":53},"Average",[47,130460,1032],{"class":83},[47,130462,130463],{"class":586}," 91.24\n",[20,130465,130466],{},"This is useful for:",[133,130468,130469,130471,130474],{},[136,130470,82489],{},[136,130472,130473],{},"averages",[136,130475,130476],{},"percentages",[20,130478,130479,130480,84],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[154,130481,2968,130482,1691],{"href":45853},[15,130483,45856],{},[33,130485,16821],{"id":16820},[20,130487,130488,91923],{},[15,130489,125744],{},[20,130491,130492],{},"That means you can:",[133,130494,130495,130498,130501],{},[136,130496,130497],{},"save it in a variable",[136,130499,130500],{},"print it directly",[136,130502,130503],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,130505,538],{},[38,130507,130509],{"className":40,"code":130508,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,130510,130511,130542,130552],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130512,130513,130515,130517,130519,130521,130523,130525,130527,130529,130531,130533,130535,130538,130540],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130514,89410],{"class":53},[47,130516,58],{"class":57},[47,130518,62],{"class":61},[47,130520,44305],{"class":65},[47,130522,3188],{"class":586},[47,130524,89251],{"class":65},[47,130526,253],{"class":61},[47,130528,84],{"class":83},[47,130530,129459],{"class":87},[47,130532,101],{"class":83},[47,130534,253],{"class":61},[47,130536,130537],{"class":65},"Chris",[47,130539,253],{"class":61},[47,130541,107],{"class":83},[47,130543,130544,130546,130548,130550],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,130545,98],{"class":97},[47,130547,101],{"class":83},[47,130549,89427],{"class":87},[47,130551,107],{"class":83},[47,130553,130554,130556,130558,130560,130562,130564],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,130555,98],{"class":97},[47,130557,101],{"class":83},[47,130559,2613],{"class":919},[47,130561,101],{"class":83},[47,130563,89427],{"class":87},[47,130565,1419],{"class":83},[20,130567,130568],{},[121,130569,338],{},[38,130571,130573],{"className":40,"code":130572,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,130574,130575,130584],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130576,130577,130579,130581],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130578,34270],{"class":53},[47,130580,590],{"class":83},[47,130582,130583],{"class":53}," Chris!\n",[47,130585,130586,130588,130590,130592,130594,130596],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,130587,2682],{"class":57},[47,130589,2685],{"class":1458},[47,130591,2688],{"class":61},[47,130593,920],{"class":65},[47,130595,2693],{"class":61},[47,130597,2696],{"class":57},[20,130599,130600],{},"The original string is not changed.",[33,130602,130604,130606],{"id":130603},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,130605,125744],{}," vs f-strings",[20,130608,130609,130611],{},[15,130610,125744],{}," is a string method.",[20,130613,130614],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,130616,45444,130617,1032],{},[15,130618,125744],{},[38,130620,130622],{"className":40,"code":130621,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,130623,130624,130637],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130625,130626,130628,130630,130632,130635],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130627,212],{"class":53},[47,130629,58],{"class":57},[47,130631,62],{"class":61},[47,130633,130634],{"class":65},"Rita",[47,130636,69],{"class":61},[47,130638,130639,130641,130643,130645,130647,130649,130651,130653,130655,130657,130659,130661],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,130640,98],{"class":97},[47,130642,101],{"class":83},[47,130644,253],{"class":61},[47,130646,44305],{"class":65},[47,130648,3188],{"class":586},[47,130650,89251],{"class":65},[47,130652,253],{"class":61},[47,130654,84],{"class":83},[47,130656,129459],{"class":87},[47,130658,101],{"class":83},[47,130660,229],{"class":87},[47,130662,1419],{"class":83},[20,130664,130665],{},"Example with an f-string:",[38,130667,130669],{"className":40,"code":130668,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,130670,130671,130683],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130672,130673,130675,130677,130679,130681],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130674,212],{"class":53},[47,130676,58],{"class":57},[47,130678,62],{"class":61},[47,130680,130634],{"class":65},[47,130682,69],{"class":61},[47,130684,130685,130687,130689,130691,130693,130695,130697,130699,130702],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,130686,98],{"class":97},[47,130688,101],{"class":83},[47,130690,21696],{"class":1458},[47,130692,42749],{"class":65},[47,130694,8676],{"class":586},[47,130696,229],{"class":87},[47,130698,21705],{"class":586},[47,130700,130701],{"class":65},"!\"",[47,130703,107],{"class":83},[20,130705,130706],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,130708,130709,130710,130712,130713,84],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,130711,125744],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[154,130714,89096],{"href":1306},[33,130716,722],{"id":721},[20,130718,130719,130720,84],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,130721,125744],{},[724,130723,130725],{"id":130724},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,130727,130728],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[38,130730,130732],{"className":40,"code":130731,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130733,130734,130767],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130735,130736,130738,130740,130742,130744,130746,130749,130751,130753,130755,130757,130759,130761,130763,130765],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130737,54],{"class":53},[47,130739,58],{"class":57},[47,130741,62],{"class":61},[47,130743,44305],{"class":65},[47,130745,3188],{"class":586},[47,130747,130748],{"class":586}," {}",[47,130750,89251],{"class":65},[47,130752,253],{"class":61},[47,130754,84],{"class":83},[47,130756,129459],{"class":87},[47,130758,101],{"class":83},[47,130760,253],{"class":61},[47,130762,7075],{"class":65},[47,130764,253],{"class":61},[47,130766,107],{"class":83},[47,130768,130769,130771,130773,130775],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,130770,98],{"class":97},[47,130772,101],{"class":83},[47,130774,565],{"class":87},[47,130776,107],{"class":83},[20,130778,130779],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,130781,130782],{},"Fixed version:",[38,130784,130786],{"className":40,"code":130785,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130787,130788,130829],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130789,130790,130792,130794,130796,130798,130800,130802,130804,130806,130808,130810,130812,130814,130816,130818,130820,130822,130825,130827],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130791,54],{"class":53},[47,130793,58],{"class":57},[47,130795,62],{"class":61},[47,130797,44305],{"class":65},[47,130799,3188],{"class":586},[47,130801,130748],{"class":586},[47,130803,89251],{"class":65},[47,130805,253],{"class":61},[47,130807,84],{"class":83},[47,130809,129459],{"class":87},[47,130811,101],{"class":83},[47,130813,253],{"class":61},[47,130815,7075],{"class":65},[47,130817,253],{"class":61},[47,130819,590],{"class":83},[47,130821,62],{"class":61},[47,130823,130824],{"class":65},"Lee",[47,130826,253],{"class":61},[47,130828,107],{"class":83},[47,130830,130831,130833,130835,130837],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,130832,98],{"class":97},[47,130834,101],{"class":83},[47,130836,565],{"class":87},[47,130838,107],{"class":83},[724,130840,130842],{"id":130841},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,130844,130845,130846,84],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,130847,125744],{},[20,130849,130850],{},"Problem:",[38,130852,130854],{"className":40,"code":130853,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130855,130856,130890],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130857,130858,130860,130862,130864,130866,130868,130870,130872,130874,130876,130878,130880,130882,130884,130886,130888],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130859,54],{"class":53},[47,130861,58],{"class":57},[47,130863,62],{"class":61},[47,130865,44305],{"class":65},[47,130867,130076],{"class":586},[47,130869,89251],{"class":65},[47,130871,253],{"class":61},[47,130873,84],{"class":83},[47,130875,129459],{"class":87},[47,130877,101],{"class":83},[47,130879,7384],{"class":8573},[47,130881,58],{"class":57},[47,130883,253],{"class":61},[47,130885,7075],{"class":65},[47,130887,253],{"class":61},[47,130889,107],{"class":83},[47,130891,130892,130894,130896,130898],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,130893,98],{"class":97},[47,130895,101],{"class":83},[47,130897,565],{"class":87},[47,130899,107],{"class":83},[20,130901,130782],{},[38,130903,130905],{"className":40,"code":130904,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130906,130907,130941],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130908,130909,130911,130913,130915,130917,130919,130921,130923,130925,130927,130929,130931,130933,130935,130937,130939],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130910,54],{"class":53},[47,130912,58],{"class":57},[47,130914,62],{"class":61},[47,130916,44305],{"class":65},[47,130918,130076],{"class":586},[47,130920,89251],{"class":65},[47,130922,253],{"class":61},[47,130924,84],{"class":83},[47,130926,129459],{"class":87},[47,130928,101],{"class":83},[47,130930,229],{"class":8573},[47,130932,58],{"class":57},[47,130934,253],{"class":61},[47,130936,7075],{"class":65},[47,130938,253],{"class":61},[47,130940,107],{"class":83},[47,130942,130943,130945,130947,130949],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,130944,98],{"class":97},[47,130946,101],{"class":83},[47,130948,565],{"class":87},[47,130950,107],{"class":83},[724,130952,7852,130954,130956],{"id":130953},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,130955,125744],{}," to change the original string",[20,130958,130959,130961],{},[15,130960,125744],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,130963,130850],{},[38,130965,130967],{"className":40,"code":130966,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130968,130969,130983,131001],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130970,130971,130973,130975,130977,130979,130981],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130972,54],{"class":53},[47,130974,58],{"class":57},[47,130976,62],{"class":61},[47,130978,44305],{"class":65},[47,130980,3188],{"class":586},[47,130982,69],{"class":61},[47,130984,130985,130987,130989,130991,130993,130995,130997,130999],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,130986,565],{"class":53},[47,130988,84],{"class":83},[47,130990,129459],{"class":87},[47,130992,101],{"class":83},[47,130994,253],{"class":61},[47,130996,7075],{"class":65},[47,130998,253],{"class":61},[47,131000,107],{"class":83},[47,131002,131003,131005,131007,131009],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,131004,98],{"class":97},[47,131006,101],{"class":83},[47,131008,565],{"class":87},[47,131010,107],{"class":83},[20,131012,131013],{},[121,131014,338],{},[38,131016,131018],{"className":40,"code":131017,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131019,131020],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131021,131022,131024,131026],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131023,34270],{"class":53},[47,131025,590],{"class":83},[47,131027,9237],{"class":83},[20,131029,130782],{},[38,131031,131033],{"className":40,"code":131032,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131034,131035,131049,131071],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131036,131037,131039,131041,131043,131045,131047],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131038,54],{"class":53},[47,131040,58],{"class":57},[47,131042,62],{"class":61},[47,131044,44305],{"class":65},[47,131046,3188],{"class":586},[47,131048,69],{"class":61},[47,131050,131051,131053,131055,131057,131059,131061,131063,131065,131067,131069],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,131052,54],{"class":53},[47,131054,58],{"class":57},[47,131056,80],{"class":53},[47,131058,84],{"class":83},[47,131060,129459],{"class":87},[47,131062,101],{"class":83},[47,131064,253],{"class":61},[47,131066,7075],{"class":65},[47,131068,253],{"class":61},[47,131070,107],{"class":83},[47,131072,131073,131075,131077,131079],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,131074,98],{"class":97},[47,131076,101],{"class":83},[47,131078,565],{"class":87},[47,131080,107],{"class":83},[724,131082,4101,131084,131086],{"id":131083},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131085,125744],{}," returns a new string",[20,131088,131089],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[724,131091,131093],{"id":131092},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131095,131096],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131098,131099,131100,131102],{},"Use simple ",[15,131101,3188],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131104,131105,131106,84],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[154,131107,89809],{"href":89808},[33,131109,67301],{"id":67300},[20,131111,131112],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[38,131114,131116],{"className":40,"code":131115,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131117,131118,131128,131142,131171],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131119,131120,131122,131124,131126],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131121,98],{"class":97},[47,131123,101],{"class":83},[47,131125,565],{"class":87},[47,131127,107],{"class":83},[47,131129,131130,131132,131134,131136,131138,131140],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,131131,98],{"class":97},[47,131133,101],{"class":83},[47,131135,2613],{"class":919},[47,131137,101],{"class":83},[47,131139,1863],{"class":87},[47,131141,1419],{"class":83},[47,131143,131144,131146,131148,131150,131153,131155,131157,131159,131161,131163,131165,131167,131169],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,131145,98],{"class":97},[47,131147,101],{"class":83},[47,131149,253],{"class":61},[47,131151,131152],{"class":65},"Hello ",[47,131154,3188],{"class":586},[47,131156,253],{"class":61},[47,131158,84],{"class":83},[47,131160,129459],{"class":87},[47,131162,101],{"class":83},[47,131164,253],{"class":61},[47,131166,7075],{"class":65},[47,131168,253],{"class":61},[47,131170,1419],{"class":83},[47,131172,131173,131175,131177,131179,131181,131183],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,131174,31558],{"class":97},[47,131176,101],{"class":83},[47,131178,920],{"class":919},[47,131180,84],{"class":83},[47,131182,129459],{"class":24153},[47,131184,107],{"class":83},[20,131186,131187],{},"Use them to check:",[133,131189,131190,131193,131196,131199],{},[136,131191,131192],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[136,131194,131195],{},"what type your value has",[136,131197,131198],{},"whether a small test example works",[136,131200,131201,131202],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131203,131204],{},"str.format",[33,131206,1155],{"id":1154},[724,131208,129241,131210,12115],{"id":131209},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131211,125744],{},[20,131213,131214],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[724,131216,131218],{"id":131217},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131220,131221,131222,131224],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131223,3188],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[724,131226,131228,131229,1883],{"id":131227},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131230,125744],{},[20,131232,131233,131234,131237],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131235,131236],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[724,131239,14305,131241,131243],{"id":131240},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131242,125744],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131245,131246,131247,131249],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131248,125744],{}," is still useful and common.",[33,131251,1275],{"id":1274},[133,131253,131254,131258,131262,131268,131274],{},[136,131255,131256],{},[154,131257,162],{"href":161},[136,131259,131260],{},[154,131261,1307],{"href":1306},[136,131263,131264],{},[154,131265,2968,131266,2901],{"href":45853},[15,131267,45856],{},[136,131269,131270],{},[154,131271,2968,131272,2901],{"href":41578},[15,131273,47088],{},[136,131275,131276],{},[154,131277,89809],{"href":89808},[1320,131279,131280],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":131282},[131283,131284,131286,131287,131288,131289,131290,131291,131293,131302,131303,131312],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":129526,"depth":72,"text":131285},"What the format() method does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":129807,"depth":72,"text":129808},{"id":130069,"depth":72,"text":130070},{"id":130300,"depth":72,"text":130301},{"id":16820,"depth":72,"text":16821},{"id":130603,"depth":72,"text":131292},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722,"children":131294},[131295,131296,131297,131299,131301],{"id":130724,"depth":94,"text":130725},{"id":130841,"depth":94,"text":130842},{"id":130953,"depth":94,"text":131298},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131083,"depth":94,"text":131300},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131092,"depth":94,"text":131093},{"id":67300,"depth":72,"text":67301},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":131304},[131305,131307,131308,131310],{"id":131209,"depth":94,"text":131306},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131217,"depth":94,"text":131218},{"id":131227,"depth":94,"text":131309},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131240,"depth":94,"text":131311},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129386,"description":131313},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131320,"title":131321,"body":131322,"description":132802,"extension":1354,"meta":132803,"navigation":311,"path":132804,"seo":132805,"stem":132806,"__hash__":132807},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131323,"toc":132774},[131324,131329,131334,131339,131341,131403,131410,131416,131421,131423,131439,131441,131512,131514,131528,131531,131581,131583,131585,131612,131615,131630,131633,131674,131677,131722,131729,131778,131780,131788,131790,131808,131810,131903,131911,131952,131957,131964,131970,131977,131980,131984,132085,132087,132109,132113,132166,132169,132172,132178,132185,132187,132226,132228,132246,132256,132263,132346,132349,132356,132363,132370,132374,132382,132428,132432,132441,132506,132511,132516,132527,132529,132534,132561,132563,132666,132669,132689,132691,132696,132699,132703,132707,132714,132723,132729,132732,132738,132740,132742,132771],[10,131325,13,131327,18],{"id":131326},"python-string-index-method",[15,131328,58374],{},[20,131330,22,131331,131333],{},[15,131332,58374],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131335,131336,131337,84],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131338,40107],{},[33,131340,36],{"id":35},[38,131342,131344],{"className":40,"code":131343,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131345,131346,131358,131380,131390,131394,131398],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131347,131348,131350,131352,131354,131356],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131349,54],{"class":53},[47,131351,58],{"class":57},[47,131353,62],{"class":61},[47,131355,974],{"class":65},[47,131357,69],{"class":61},[47,131359,131360,131362,131364,131366,131368,131370,131372,131374,131376,131378],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,131361,64325],{"class":53},[47,131363,58],{"class":57},[47,131365,80],{"class":53},[47,131367,84],{"class":83},[47,131369,35250],{"class":87},[47,131371,101],{"class":83},[47,131373,253],{"class":61},[47,131375,59997],{"class":65},[47,131377,253],{"class":61},[47,131379,107],{"class":83},[47,131381,131382,131384,131386,131388],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,131383,98],{"class":97},[47,131385,101],{"class":83},[47,131387,64352],{"class":87},[47,131389,107],{"class":83},[47,131391,131392],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,131393,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,131395,131396],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,131397,90226],{"class":113},[47,131399,131400],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,131401,131402],{"class":113},"# 6\n",[20,131404,1486,131405,131407,131408,84],{},[15,131406,58374],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131409,40107],{},[33,131411,128,131413,131],{"id":131412},"what-strindex-does",[15,131414,131415],{},"str.index()",[20,131417,131418,131420],{},[15,131419,131415],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131422,12452],{},[133,131424,131425,131428,131431,131434],{},[136,131426,131427],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[136,131429,131430],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[136,131432,131433],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[136,131435,29698,131436,131438],{},[15,131437,40107],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,131440,538],{},[38,131442,131444],{"className":40,"code":131443,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131445,131446,131458,131462,131487],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131447,131448,131450,131452,131454,131456],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131449,54],{"class":53},[47,131451,58],{"class":57},[47,131453,62],{"class":61},[47,131455,288],{"class":65},[47,131457,69],{"class":61},[47,131459,131460],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,131461,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,131463,131464,131466,131468,131470,131472,131474,131476,131478,131480,131482,131484],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,131465,98],{"class":97},[47,131467,101],{"class":83},[47,131469,565],{"class":87},[47,131471,84],{"class":83},[47,131473,35250],{"class":87},[47,131475,101],{"class":83},[47,131477,253],{"class":61},[47,131479,154],{"class":65},[47,131481,253],{"class":61},[47,131483,4761],{"class":83},[47,131485,131486],{"class":113},"     # 1\n",[47,131488,131489,131491,131493,131495,131497,131499,131501,131503,131505,131507,131509],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,131490,98],{"class":97},[47,131492,101],{"class":83},[47,131494,565],{"class":87},[47,131496,84],{"class":83},[47,131498,35250],{"class":87},[47,131500,101],{"class":83},[47,131502,253],{"class":61},[47,131504,122844],{"class":65},[47,131506,253],{"class":61},[47,131508,4761],{"class":83},[47,131510,131511],{"class":113},"    # 2\n",[20,131513,1572],{},[133,131515,131516,131522],{},[136,131517,131518,127951,131520],{},[15,131519,17498],{},[15,131521,2377],{},[136,131523,131524,127951,131526],{},[15,131525,127950],{},[15,131527,1449],{},[20,131529,131530],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[38,131532,131534],{"className":40,"code":131533,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,131535,131536,131548,131552,131576],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131537,131538,131540,131542,131544,131546],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131539,54],{"class":53},[47,131541,58],{"class":57},[47,131543,62],{"class":61},[47,131545,34270],{"class":65},[47,131547,69],{"class":61},[47,131549,131550],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,131551,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,131553,131554,131556,131558,131560,131562,131564,131566,131568,131570,131572,131574],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,131555,98],{"class":97},[47,131557,101],{"class":83},[47,131559,565],{"class":87},[47,131561,84],{"class":83},[47,131563,35250],{"class":87},[47,131565,101],{"class":83},[47,131567,253],{"class":61},[47,131569,50595],{"class":65},[47,131571,253],{"class":61},[47,131573,4761],{"class":83},[47,131575,20170],{"class":113},[47,131577,131578],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,131579,131580],{"class":113},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[33,131582,166],{"id":165},[20,131584,169],{},[38,131586,131588],{"className":40,"code":131587,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,131589,131590],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131591,131592,131594,131596,131598,131600,131602,131604,131606,131608,131610],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131593,179],{"class":53},[47,131595,84],{"class":83},[47,131597,35250],{"class":87},[47,131599,101],{"class":83},[47,131601,1863],{"class":87},[47,131603,590],{"class":83},[47,131605,35455],{"class":87},[47,131607,590],{"class":83},[47,131609,64446],{"class":87},[47,131611,107],{"class":83},[20,131613,131614],{},"Parameters:",[133,131616,131617,131621,131625],{},[136,131618,131619,122943],{},[15,131620,1863],{},[136,131622,131623,127997],{},[15,131624,35476],{},[136,131626,131627,131629],{},[15,131628,52065],{},": optional stopping position",[20,131631,131632],{},"You can use just the value:",[38,131634,131636],{"className":40,"code":131635,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,131637,131638,131650],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131639,131640,131642,131644,131646,131648],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131641,54],{"class":53},[47,131643,58],{"class":57},[47,131645,62],{"class":61},[47,131647,42],{"class":65},[47,131649,69],{"class":61},[47,131651,131652,131654,131656,131658,131660,131662,131664,131666,131668,131670,131672],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,131653,98],{"class":97},[47,131655,101],{"class":83},[47,131657,565],{"class":87},[47,131659,84],{"class":83},[47,131661,35250],{"class":87},[47,131663,101],{"class":83},[47,131665,253],{"class":61},[47,131667,62692],{"class":65},[47,131669,253],{"class":61},[47,131671,4761],{"class":83},[47,131673,50819],{"class":113},[20,131675,131676],{},"Or include a start position:",[38,131678,131680],{"className":40,"code":131679,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,131681,131682,131694],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131683,131684,131686,131688,131690,131692],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131685,54],{"class":53},[47,131687,58],{"class":57},[47,131689,62],{"class":61},[47,131691,288],{"class":65},[47,131693,69],{"class":61},[47,131695,131696,131698,131700,131702,131704,131706,131708,131710,131712,131714,131716,131718,131720],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,131697,98],{"class":97},[47,131699,101],{"class":83},[47,131701,565],{"class":87},[47,131703,84],{"class":83},[47,131705,35250],{"class":87},[47,131707,101],{"class":83},[47,131709,253],{"class":61},[47,131711,154],{"class":65},[47,131713,253],{"class":61},[47,131715,590],{"class":83},[47,131717,2382],{"class":586},[47,131719,4761],{"class":83},[47,131721,50175],{"class":113},[20,131723,131724,131725,1063,131727,1032],{},"Or include both ",[15,131726,35476],{},[15,131728,52065],{},[38,131730,131732],{"className":40,"code":131731,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,131733,131734,131746],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131735,131736,131738,131740,131742,131744],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131737,54],{"class":53},[47,131739,58],{"class":57},[47,131741,62],{"class":61},[47,131743,288],{"class":65},[47,131745,69],{"class":61},[47,131747,131748,131750,131752,131754,131756,131758,131760,131762,131764,131766,131768,131770,131772,131774,131776],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,131749,98],{"class":97},[47,131751,101],{"class":83},[47,131753,565],{"class":87},[47,131755,84],{"class":83},[47,131757,35250],{"class":87},[47,131759,101],{"class":83},[47,131761,253],{"class":61},[47,131763,154],{"class":65},[47,131765,253],{"class":61},[47,131767,590],{"class":83},[47,131769,2382],{"class":586},[47,131771,590],{"class":83},[47,131773,4002],{"class":586},[47,131775,4761],{"class":83},[47,131777,50175],{"class":113},[33,131779,37425],{"id":37424},[20,131781,28112,131782,131784,131785,84],{},[15,131783,58374],{}," is a ",[121,131786,131787],{},"zero-based index",[20,131789,1501],{},[133,131791,131792,131798,131803],{},[136,131793,131794,131795,131797],{},"Index ",[15,131796,1514],{}," is the first character",[136,131799,131794,131800,131802],{},[15,131801,2377],{}," is the second character",[136,131804,131794,131805,131807],{},[15,131806,1449],{}," is the third character",[20,131809,538],{},[38,131811,131813],{"className":40,"code":131812,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,131814,131815,131827,131831,131855,131879],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131816,131817,131819,131821,131823,131825],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131818,54],{"class":53},[47,131820,58],{"class":57},[47,131822,62],{"class":61},[47,131824,36452],{"class":65},[47,131826,69],{"class":61},[47,131828,131829],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,131830,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,131832,131833,131835,131837,131839,131841,131843,131845,131847,131849,131851,131853],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,131834,98],{"class":97},[47,131836,101],{"class":83},[47,131838,565],{"class":87},[47,131840,84],{"class":83},[47,131842,35250],{"class":87},[47,131844,101],{"class":83},[47,131846,253],{"class":61},[47,131848,9138],{"class":65},[47,131850,253],{"class":61},[47,131852,4761],{"class":83},[47,131854,50651],{"class":113},[47,131856,131857,131859,131861,131863,131865,131867,131869,131871,131873,131875,131877],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,131858,98],{"class":97},[47,131860,101],{"class":83},[47,131862,565],{"class":87},[47,131864,84],{"class":83},[47,131866,35250],{"class":87},[47,131868,101],{"class":83},[47,131870,253],{"class":61},[47,131872,154],{"class":65},[47,131874,253],{"class":61},[47,131876,4761],{"class":83},[47,131878,27184],{"class":113},[47,131880,131881,131883,131885,131887,131889,131891,131893,131895,131897,131899,131901],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,131882,98],{"class":97},[47,131884,101],{"class":83},[47,131886,565],{"class":87},[47,131888,84],{"class":83},[47,131890,35250],{"class":87},[47,131892,101],{"class":83},[47,131894,253],{"class":61},[47,131896,62692],{"class":65},[47,131898,253],{"class":61},[47,131900,4761],{"class":83},[47,131902,50819],{"class":113},[20,131904,131905,131907,131908,131910],{},[15,131906,58374],{}," returns only the ",[121,131909,29313],{}," matching position.",[38,131912,131914],{"className":40,"code":131913,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,131915,131916,131928],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131917,131918,131920,131922,131924,131926],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131919,54],{"class":53},[47,131921,58],{"class":57},[47,131923,62],{"class":61},[47,131925,288],{"class":65},[47,131927,69],{"class":61},[47,131929,131930,131932,131934,131936,131938,131940,131942,131944,131946,131948,131950],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,131931,98],{"class":97},[47,131933,101],{"class":83},[47,131935,565],{"class":87},[47,131937,84],{"class":83},[47,131939,35250],{"class":87},[47,131941,101],{"class":83},[47,131943,253],{"class":61},[47,131945,154],{"class":65},[47,131947,253],{"class":61},[47,131949,4761],{"class":83},[47,131951,27184],{"class":113},[20,131953,443,131954,131956],{},[15,131955,17498],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,131958,131959,131960,84],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[154,131961,131962,1289],{"href":124195},[15,131963,57996],{},[33,131965,7816,131966,1063,131968],{"id":64812},[15,131967,35476],{},[15,131969,52065],{},[20,131971,1371,131972,1063,131974,131976],{},[15,131973,35476],{},[15,131975,52065],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,131978,131979],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,131981,45444,131982,1032],{},[15,131983,35476],{},[38,131985,131987],{"className":40,"code":131986,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,131988,131989,132001,132005,132029,132057],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131990,131991,131993,131995,131997,131999],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131992,54],{"class":53},[47,131994,58],{"class":57},[47,131996,62],{"class":61},[47,131998,288],{"class":65},[47,132000,69],{"class":61},[47,132002,132003],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,132004,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,132006,132007,132009,132011,132013,132015,132017,132019,132021,132023,132025,132027],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,132008,98],{"class":97},[47,132010,101],{"class":83},[47,132012,565],{"class":87},[47,132014,84],{"class":83},[47,132016,35250],{"class":87},[47,132018,101],{"class":83},[47,132020,253],{"class":61},[47,132022,154],{"class":65},[47,132024,253],{"class":61},[47,132026,4761],{"class":83},[47,132028,50524],{"class":113},[47,132030,132031,132033,132035,132037,132039,132041,132043,132045,132047,132049,132051,132053,132055],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,132032,98],{"class":97},[47,132034,101],{"class":83},[47,132036,565],{"class":87},[47,132038,84],{"class":83},[47,132040,35250],{"class":87},[47,132042,101],{"class":83},[47,132044,253],{"class":61},[47,132046,154],{"class":65},[47,132048,253],{"class":61},[47,132050,590],{"class":83},[47,132052,2382],{"class":586},[47,132054,4761],{"class":83},[47,132056,50374],{"class":113},[47,132058,132059,132061,132063,132065,132067,132069,132071,132073,132075,132077,132079,132081,132083],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,132060,98],{"class":97},[47,132062,101],{"class":83},[47,132064,565],{"class":87},[47,132066,84],{"class":83},[47,132068,35250],{"class":87},[47,132070,101],{"class":83},[47,132072,253],{"class":61},[47,132074,154],{"class":65},[47,132076,253],{"class":61},[47,132078,590],{"class":83},[47,132080,1847],{"class":586},[47,132082,4761],{"class":83},[47,132084,50158],{"class":113},[20,132086,19359],{},[133,132088,132089,132096,132102],{},[136,132090,132091,132092,65002,132094],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132093,17498],{},[15,132095,2377],{},[136,132097,132098,132099,132101],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132100,1449],{}," skips that first match",[136,132103,132098,132104,132106,132107],{},[15,132105,1896],{}," finds the last ",[15,132108,17498],{},[20,132110,45444,132111,1032],{},[15,132112,52065],{},[38,132114,132116],{"className":40,"code":132115,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132117,132118,132130,132134],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132119,132120,132122,132124,132126,132128],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132121,54],{"class":53},[47,132123,58],{"class":57},[47,132125,62],{"class":61},[47,132127,288],{"class":65},[47,132129,69],{"class":61},[47,132131,132132],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,132133,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,132135,132136,132138,132140,132142,132144,132146,132148,132150,132152,132154,132156,132158,132160,132162,132164],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,132137,98],{"class":97},[47,132139,101],{"class":83},[47,132141,565],{"class":87},[47,132143,84],{"class":83},[47,132145,35250],{"class":87},[47,132147,101],{"class":83},[47,132149,253],{"class":61},[47,132151,75435],{"class":65},[47,132153,253],{"class":61},[47,132155,590],{"class":83},[47,132157,3230],{"class":586},[47,132159,590],{"class":83},[47,132161,1847],{"class":586},[47,132163,4761],{"class":83},[47,132165,50819],{"class":113},[20,132167,132168],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132170,132171],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[33,132173,43616,132175,132177],{"id":132174},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132176,58374],{}," causes an error",[20,132179,132180,132181,51899,132183,84],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132182,58374],{},[15,132184,40107],{},[20,132186,538],{},[38,132188,132190],{"className":40,"code":132189,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132191,132192,132204],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132193,132194,132196,132198,132200,132202],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132195,54],{"class":53},[47,132197,58],{"class":57},[47,132199,62],{"class":61},[47,132201,256],{"class":65},[47,132203,69],{"class":61},[47,132205,132206,132208,132210,132212,132214,132216,132218,132220,132222,132224],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,132207,98],{"class":97},[47,132209,101],{"class":83},[47,132211,565],{"class":87},[47,132213,84],{"class":83},[47,132215,35250],{"class":87},[47,132217,101],{"class":83},[47,132219,253],{"class":61},[47,132221,21479],{"class":65},[47,132223,253],{"class":61},[47,132225,1419],{"class":83},[20,132227,338],{},[38,132229,132231],{"className":40,"code":132230,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132232,132233],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132234,132235,132237,132239,132242,132244],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132236,40107],{"class":919},[47,132238,1032],{"class":83},[47,132240,132241],{"class":53}," substring ",[47,132243,123],{"class":57},[47,132245,65235],{"class":53},[20,132247,52746,132248,125708,132253,132255],{},[154,132249,132250],{"href":129380},[15,132251,132252],{},"str.find()",[15,132254,65260],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132257,132258,132259,1063,132261,1032],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132260,29208],{},[15,132262,29239],{},[38,132264,132266],{"className":40,"code":132265,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132267,132268,132280,132284,132290,132313,132323,132331],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132269,132270,132272,132274,132276,132278],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132271,54],{"class":53},[47,132273,58],{"class":57},[47,132275,62],{"class":61},[47,132277,256],{"class":65},[47,132279,69],{"class":61},[47,132281,132282],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,132283,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,132285,132286,132288],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,132287,29208],{"class":655},[47,132289,679],{"class":83},[47,132291,132292,132295,132297,132299,132301,132303,132305,132307,132309,132311],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,132293,132294],{"class":53},"    position ",[47,132296,58],{"class":57},[47,132298,80],{"class":53},[47,132300,84],{"class":83},[47,132302,35250],{"class":87},[47,132304,101],{"class":83},[47,132306,253],{"class":61},[47,132308,21479],{"class":65},[47,132310,253],{"class":61},[47,132312,107],{"class":83},[47,132314,132315,132317,132319,132321],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,132316,684],{"class":97},[47,132318,101],{"class":83},[47,132320,64352],{"class":87},[47,132322,107],{"class":83},[47,132324,132325,132327,132329],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,132326,29239],{"class":655},[47,132328,41329],{"class":919},[47,132330,679],{"class":83},[47,132332,132333,132335,132337,132339,132342,132344],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,132334,684],{"class":97},[47,132336,101],{"class":83},[47,132338,253],{"class":61},[47,132340,132341],{"class":65},"Substring not found",[47,132343,253],{"class":61},[47,132345,107],{"class":83},[20,132347,132348],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132350,41349,132351,84],{},[154,132352,25083,132354],{"href":132353},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132355,128708],{},[33,132357,132359,9985,132361],{"id":132358},"index-vs-find",[15,132360,58374],{},[15,132362,123743],{},[20,132364,132365,1063,132367,132369],{},[15,132366,58374],{},[15,132368,123743],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[724,132371,132372],{"id":35250},[15,132373,58374],{},[133,132375,132376,132379],{},[136,132377,132378],{},"Returns the first match position",[136,132380,132381],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[38,132383,132385],{"className":40,"code":132384,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132386,132387,132399,132423],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132388,132389,132391,132393,132395,132397],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132390,54],{"class":53},[47,132392,58],{"class":57},[47,132394,62],{"class":61},[47,132396,256],{"class":65},[47,132398,69],{"class":61},[47,132400,132401,132403,132405,132407,132409,132411,132413,132415,132417,132419,132421],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,132402,98],{"class":97},[47,132404,101],{"class":83},[47,132406,565],{"class":87},[47,132408,84],{"class":83},[47,132410,35250],{"class":87},[47,132412,101],{"class":83},[47,132414,253],{"class":61},[47,132416,59853],{"class":65},[47,132418,253],{"class":61},[47,132420,4761],{"class":83},[47,132422,27184],{"class":113},[47,132424,132425],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,132426,132427],{"class":113},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[724,132429,132430],{"id":127763},[15,132431,123743],{},[133,132433,132434,132436],{},[136,132435,132378],{},[136,132437,10824,132438,132440],{},[15,132439,65260],{}," if nothing is found",[38,132442,132444],{"className":40,"code":132443,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132445,132446,132458,132482],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132447,132448,132450,132452,132454,132456],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132449,54],{"class":53},[47,132451,58],{"class":57},[47,132453,62],{"class":61},[47,132455,256],{"class":65},[47,132457,69],{"class":61},[47,132459,132460,132462,132464,132466,132468,132470,132472,132474,132476,132478,132480],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,132461,98],{"class":97},[47,132463,101],{"class":83},[47,132465,565],{"class":87},[47,132467,84],{"class":83},[47,132469,127763],{"class":87},[47,132471,101],{"class":83},[47,132473,253],{"class":61},[47,132475,59853],{"class":65},[47,132477,253],{"class":61},[47,132479,4761],{"class":83},[47,132481,27184],{"class":113},[47,132483,132484,132486,132488,132490,132492,132494,132496,132498,132500,132502,132504],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,132485,98],{"class":97},[47,132487,101],{"class":83},[47,132489,565],{"class":87},[47,132491,84],{"class":83},[47,132493,127763],{"class":87},[47,132495,101],{"class":83},[47,132497,253],{"class":61},[47,132499,21479],{"class":65},[47,132501,253],{"class":61},[47,132503,4761],{"class":83},[47,132505,128119],{"class":113},[20,132507,1486,132508,132510],{},[15,132509,58374],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,132512,1486,132513,132515],{},[15,132514,123743],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,132517,132518,132519,158,132524,84],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[154,132520,132521,132523],{"href":129380},[15,132522,132252],{}," method reference",[154,132525,126776],{"href":132526},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[33,132528,722],{"id":721},[20,132530,132531,132532,1032],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,132533,58374],{},[133,132535,132536,132539,132546,132551,132556],{},[136,132537,132538],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[136,132540,7852,132541,7855,132543,132545],{},[15,132542,58374],{},[15,132544,65260],{}," when no match exists",[136,132547,7816,132548,132550],{},[15,132549,58374],{}," on a value that may not be present",[136,132552,132553,132554],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,132555,2377],{},[136,132557,3976,132558,132560],{},[15,132559,58374],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,132562,61700],{},[38,132564,132566],{"className":40,"code":132565,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,132567,132568,132578,132592,132614,132636],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132569,132570,132572,132574,132576],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132571,98],{"class":97},[47,132573,101],{"class":83},[47,132575,565],{"class":87},[47,132577,107],{"class":83},[47,132579,132580,132582,132584,132586,132588,132590],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,132581,98],{"class":97},[47,132583,101],{"class":83},[47,132585,41182],{"class":97},[47,132587,101],{"class":83},[47,132589,565],{"class":87},[47,132591,1419],{"class":83},[47,132593,132594,132596,132598,132600,132602,132604,132606,132608,132610,132612],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,132595,98],{"class":97},[47,132597,101],{"class":83},[47,132599,565],{"class":87},[47,132601,84],{"class":83},[47,132603,35250],{"class":87},[47,132605,101],{"class":83},[47,132607,253],{"class":61},[47,132609,1863],{"class":65},[47,132611,253],{"class":61},[47,132613,1419],{"class":83},[47,132615,132616,132618,132620,132622,132624,132626,132628,132630,132632,132634],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,132617,98],{"class":97},[47,132619,101],{"class":83},[47,132621,565],{"class":87},[47,132623,84],{"class":83},[47,132625,127763],{"class":87},[47,132627,101],{"class":83},[47,132629,253],{"class":61},[47,132631,1863],{"class":65},[47,132633,253],{"class":61},[47,132635,1419],{"class":83},[47,132637,132638,132640,132642,132644,132646,132648,132650,132652,132654,132656,132658,132660,132662,132664],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,132639,98],{"class":97},[47,132641,101],{"class":83},[47,132643,565],{"class":87},[47,132645,84],{"class":83},[47,132647,35250],{"class":87},[47,132649,101],{"class":83},[47,132651,253],{"class":61},[47,132653,1863],{"class":65},[47,132655,253],{"class":61},[47,132657,590],{"class":83},[47,132659,35455],{"class":87},[47,132661,590],{"class":83},[47,132663,64446],{"class":87},[47,132665,1419],{"class":83},[20,132667,132668],{},"Tips:",[133,132670,132671,132676,132681,132684],{},[136,132672,1486,132673,132675],{},[15,132674,125664],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[136,132677,1486,132678,132680],{},[15,132679,123743],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[136,132682,132683],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[136,132685,132686,132687],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,132688,1514],{},[33,132690,1155],{"id":1154},[724,132692,129241,132694,12115],{"id":132693},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,132695,58374],{},[20,132697,132698],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[724,132700,132702],{"id":132701},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,132704,76263,132705,84],{},[15,132706,40107],{},[724,132708,4578,132710,1063,132712,1883],{"id":132709},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,132711,58374],{},[15,132713,123743],{},[20,132715,132716,132718,132719,1786,132721,6031],{},[15,132717,58374],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,132720,123743],{},[15,132722,65260],{},[724,132724,4568,132726,132728],{"id":132725},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,132727,58374],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,132730,132731],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[724,132733,132735,132736,124082],{"id":132734},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,132737,58374],{},[20,132739,129266],{},[33,132741,1275],{"id":1274},[133,132743,132744,132750,132754,132759,132765],{},[136,132745,132746],{},[154,132747,132748,1289],{"href":129380},[15,132749,132252],{},[136,132751,132752],{},[154,132753,1313],{"href":132526},[136,132755,132756],{},[154,132757,129341],{"href":132758},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[136,132760,132761],{},[154,132762,132763,1289],{"href":124195},[15,132764,57996],{},[136,132766,132767],{},[154,132768,29752,132769],{"href":132353},[15,132770,128708],{},[1320,132772,132773],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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an error",{"id":132358,"depth":72,"text":132785,"children":132786},"index() vs find()",[132787,132788],{"id":35250,"depth":94,"text":58374},{"id":127763,"depth":94,"text":123743},{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":132791},[132792,132794,132795,132797,132799],{"id":132693,"depth":94,"text":132793},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":132701,"depth":94,"text":132702},{"id":132709,"depth":94,"text":132796},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":132725,"depth":94,"text":132798},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":132734,"depth":94,"text":132800},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131321,"description":132802},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":132809,"title":132810,"body":132811,"description":135585,"extension":1354,"meta":135586,"navigation":311,"path":135587,"seo":135588,"stem":135589,"__hash__":135590},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":132812,"toc":135521},[132813,132819,132824,132827,132830,132841,132843,132912,132914,132928,132933,132938,132943,132945,132987,132989,133072,133074,133120,133126,133128,133130,133150,133152,133175,133177,133251,133253,133272,133277,133279,133283,133355,133357,133371,133375,133451,133453,133472,133476,133570,133572,133581,133588,133664,133666,133684,133688,133691,133698,133747,133749,133758,133765,133824,133826,133844,133847,133854,133913,133915,133933,133940,133997,133999,134008,134012,134017,134021,134080,134082,134100,134104,134151,134156,134159,134228,134230,134247,134254,134260,134315,134320,134323,134400,134402,134420,134426,134432,134492,134494,134513,134519,134522,134529,134582,134587,134589,134650,134659,134666,134668,134725,134730,134732,134803,134807,134862,134864,134873,134878,134884,134953,134955,134987,134993,135001,135008,135014,135079,135081,135090,135096,135177,135179,135188,135193,135207,135214,135218,135223,135251,135253,135386,135389,135426,135428,135434,135443,135448,135451,135456,135461,135467,135470,135479,135482,135484,135513,135518],[10,132814,13,132816,18],{"id":132815},"python-string-join-method",[15,132817,132818],{},"join()",[20,132820,22,132821,132823],{},[15,132822,132818],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,132825,132826],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,132828,132829],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[133,132831,132832,132838],{},[136,132833,132834,132835,132837],{},"You call ",[15,132836,132818],{}," on the separator string",[136,132839,132840],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[33,132842,3002],{"id":3001},[38,132844,132846],{"className":40,"code":132845,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,132847,132848,132881,132902],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132849,132850,132852,132854,132856,132858,132860,132862,132864,132866,132868,132870,132872,132874,132877,132879],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132851,3466],{"class":53},[47,132853,58],{"class":57},[47,132855,3017],{"class":83},[47,132857,253],{"class":61},[47,132859,6696],{"class":65},[47,132861,253],{"class":61},[47,132863,590],{"class":83},[47,132865,62],{"class":61},[47,132867,11593],{"class":65},[47,132869,253],{"class":61},[47,132871,590],{"class":83},[47,132873,62],{"class":61},[47,132875,132876],{"class":65},"fun",[47,132878,253],{"class":61},[47,132880,3030],{"class":83},[47,132882,132883,132885,132887,132889,132891,132893,132896,132898,132900],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,132884,75],{"class":53},[47,132886,58],{"class":57},[47,132888,62],{"class":61},[47,132890,62],{"class":61},[47,132892,84],{"class":83},[47,132894,132895],{"class":87},"join",[47,132897,101],{"class":83},[47,132899,3509],{"class":87},[47,132901,107],{"class":83},[47,132903,132904,132906,132908,132910],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,132905,98],{"class":97},[47,132907,101],{"class":83},[47,132909,104],{"class":87},[47,132911,107],{"class":83},[20,132913,338],{},[38,132915,132917],{"className":40,"code":132916,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Python is fun\n",[15,132918,132919],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132920,132921,132923,132925],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132922,2968],{"class":53},[47,132924,11593],{"class":57},[47,132926,132927],{"class":53}," fun\n",[20,132929,1486,132930,132932],{},[15,132931,132818],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[33,132934,128,132936,131],{"id":132935},"what-join-does",[15,132937,132818],{},[20,132939,132940,132942],{},[15,132941,132818],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,132944,188],{},[133,132946,132947,132954,132982,132984],{},[136,132948,132949,132950,132953],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,132951,132952],{},".join()"," as the separator",[136,132955,132956,132957],{},"Common separators are:\n",[133,132958,132959,132965,132971,132977],{},[136,132960,132961,132964],{},[15,132962,132963],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[136,132966,132967,132970],{},[15,132968,132969],{},"\", \""," for commas",[136,132972,132973,132976],{},[15,132974,132975],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[136,132978,132979,132981],{},[15,132980,5672],{}," for no separator",[136,132983,146],{},[136,132985,132986],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,132988,538],{},[38,132990,132992],{"className":40,"code":132991,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,132993,132994,133026,133048,133052,133062],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132995,132996,132998,133000,133002,133004,133006,133008,133010,133012,133014,133016,133018,133020,133022,133024],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132997,3466],{"class":53},[47,132999,58],{"class":57},[47,133001,3017],{"class":83},[47,133003,253],{"class":61},[47,133005,12493],{"class":65},[47,133007,253],{"class":61},[47,133009,590],{"class":83},[47,133011,62],{"class":61},[47,133013,16858],{"class":65},[47,133015,253],{"class":61},[47,133017,590],{"class":83},[47,133019,62],{"class":61},[47,133021,12510],{"class":65},[47,133023,253],{"class":61},[47,133025,3030],{"class":83},[47,133027,133028,133030,133032,133034,133036,133038,133040,133042,133044,133046],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,133029,75],{"class":53},[47,133031,58],{"class":57},[47,133033,62],{"class":61},[47,133035,712],{"class":65},[47,133037,253],{"class":61},[47,133039,84],{"class":83},[47,133041,132895],{"class":87},[47,133043,101],{"class":83},[47,133045,3509],{"class":87},[47,133047,107],{"class":83},[47,133049,133050],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,133051,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,133053,133054,133056,133058,133060],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,133055,98],{"class":97},[47,133057,101],{"class":83},[47,133059,104],{"class":87},[47,133061,107],{"class":83},[47,133063,133064,133066,133068,133070],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,133065,98],{"class":97},[47,133067,101],{"class":83},[47,133069,3509],{"class":87},[47,133071,107],{"class":83},[20,133073,338],{},[38,133075,133077],{"className":40,"code":133076,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133078,133079,133092],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133080,133081,133083,133085,133088,133090],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133082,12493],{"class":53},[47,133084,590],{"class":83},[47,133086,133087],{"class":53}," green",[47,133089,590],{"class":83},[47,133091,35285],{"class":53},[47,133093,133094,133096,133098,133100,133102,133104,133106,133108,133110,133112,133114,133116,133118],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,133095,3296],{"class":83},[47,133097,2693],{"class":61},[47,133099,12493],{"class":65},[47,133101,2693],{"class":61},[47,133103,590],{"class":83},[47,133105,2688],{"class":61},[47,133107,16858],{"class":65},[47,133109,2693],{"class":61},[47,133111,590],{"class":83},[47,133113,2688],{"class":61},[47,133115,12510],{"class":65},[47,133117,2693],{"class":61},[47,133119,3030],{"class":83},[20,133121,133122,133123,133125],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133124,132818],{}," creates a new string.",[33,133127,166],{"id":165},[20,133129,6617],{},[38,133131,133133],{"className":40,"code":133132,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133134,133135],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133136,133137,133140,133142,133144,133146,133148],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133138,133139],{"class":53},"separator",[47,133141,84],{"class":83},[47,133143,132895],{"class":87},[47,133145,101],{"class":83},[47,133147,3116],{"class":87},[47,133149,107],{"class":83},[724,133151,48414],{"id":48413},[133,133153,133154,133167,133172],{},[136,133155,133156,133158,133159,712,133161,712,133163,716,133165],{},[15,133157,133139],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133160,132963],{},[15,133162,132969],{},[15,133164,132975],{},[15,133166,5672],{},[136,133168,133169,133171],{},[15,133170,3116],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[136,133173,133174],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133176,538],{},[38,133178,133180],{"className":40,"code":133179,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133181,133182,133214,133237,133241],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133183,133184,133186,133188,133190,133192,133194,133196,133198,133200,133202,133204,133206,133208,133210,133212],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133185,4392],{"class":53},[47,133187,58],{"class":57},[47,133189,3017],{"class":83},[47,133191,253],{"class":61},[47,133193,12280],{"class":65},[47,133195,253],{"class":61},[47,133197,590],{"class":83},[47,133199,62],{"class":61},[47,133201,35345],{"class":65},[47,133203,253],{"class":61},[47,133205,590],{"class":83},[47,133207,62],{"class":61},[47,133209,35354],{"class":65},[47,133211,253],{"class":61},[47,133213,3030],{"class":83},[47,133215,133216,133218,133220,133222,133225,133227,133229,133231,133233,133235],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,133217,75],{"class":53},[47,133219,58],{"class":57},[47,133221,62],{"class":61},[47,133223,133224],{"class":65}," | ",[47,133226,253],{"class":61},[47,133228,84],{"class":83},[47,133230,132895],{"class":87},[47,133232,101],{"class":83},[47,133234,4436],{"class":87},[47,133236,107],{"class":83},[47,133238,133239],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,133240,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,133242,133243,133245,133247,133249],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,133244,98],{"class":97},[47,133246,101],{"class":83},[47,133248,104],{"class":87},[47,133250,107],{"class":83},[20,133252,338],{},[38,133254,133256],{"className":40,"code":133255,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133257,133258],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133259,133260,133263,133265,133268,133270],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133261,133262],{"class":53},"Ana ",[47,133264,113260],{"class":57},[47,133266,133267],{"class":53}," Ben ",[47,133269,113260],{"class":57},[47,133271,35425],{"class":53},[20,133273,133274,133275,84],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[154,133276,162],{"href":161},[33,133278,121284],{"id":121283},[724,133280,133282],{"id":133281},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[38,133284,133286],{"className":40,"code":133285,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133287,133288,133321,133341,133345],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133289,133290,133292,133294,133296,133298,133300,133302,133304,133306,133308,133310,133312,133314,133317,133319],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133291,3466],{"class":53},[47,133293,58],{"class":57},[47,133295,3017],{"class":83},[47,133297,253],{"class":61},[47,133299,6696],{"class":65},[47,133301,253],{"class":61},[47,133303,590],{"class":83},[47,133305,62],{"class":61},[47,133307,11593],{"class":65},[47,133309,253],{"class":61},[47,133311,590],{"class":83},[47,133313,62],{"class":61},[47,133315,133316],{"class":65},"easy",[47,133318,253],{"class":61},[47,133320,3030],{"class":83},[47,133322,133323,133325,133327,133329,133331,133333,133335,133337,133339],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,133324,75],{"class":53},[47,133326,58],{"class":57},[47,133328,62],{"class":61},[47,133330,62],{"class":61},[47,133332,84],{"class":83},[47,133334,132895],{"class":87},[47,133336,101],{"class":83},[47,133338,3509],{"class":87},[47,133340,107],{"class":83},[47,133342,133343],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,133344,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,133346,133347,133349,133351,133353],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,133348,98],{"class":97},[47,133350,101],{"class":83},[47,133352,104],{"class":87},[47,133354,107],{"class":83},[20,133356,338],{},[38,133358,133360],{"className":40,"code":133359,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Python is easy\n",[15,133361,133362],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133363,133364,133366,133368],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133365,2968],{"class":53},[47,133367,11593],{"class":57},[47,133369,133370],{"class":53}," easy\n",[724,133372,133374],{"id":133373},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[38,133376,133378],{"className":40,"code":133377,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133379,133380,133415,133437,133441],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133381,133382,133384,133386,133388,133390,133393,133395,133397,133399,133402,133404,133406,133408,133411,133413],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133383,7178],{"class":53},[47,133385,58],{"class":57},[47,133387,3017],{"class":83},[47,133389,253],{"class":61},[47,133391,133392],{"class":65},"apples",[47,133394,253],{"class":61},[47,133396,590],{"class":83},[47,133398,62],{"class":61},[47,133400,133401],{"class":65},"bananas",[47,133403,253],{"class":61},[47,133405,590],{"class":83},[47,133407,62],{"class":61},[47,133409,133410],{"class":65},"oranges",[47,133412,253],{"class":61},[47,133414,3030],{"class":83},[47,133416,133417,133419,133421,133423,133425,133427,133429,133431,133433,133435],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,133418,75],{"class":53},[47,133420,58],{"class":57},[47,133422,62],{"class":61},[47,133424,712],{"class":65},[47,133426,253],{"class":61},[47,133428,84],{"class":83},[47,133430,132895],{"class":87},[47,133432,101],{"class":83},[47,133434,7209],{"class":87},[47,133436,107],{"class":83},[47,133438,133439],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,133440,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,133442,133443,133445,133447,133449],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,133444,98],{"class":97},[47,133446,101],{"class":83},[47,133448,104],{"class":87},[47,133450,107],{"class":83},[20,133452,338],{},[38,133454,133456],{"className":40,"code":133455,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,133457,133458],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133459,133460,133462,133464,133467,133469],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133461,133392],{"class":53},[47,133463,590],{"class":83},[47,133465,133466],{"class":53}," bananas",[47,133468,590],{"class":83},[47,133470,133471],{"class":53}," oranges\n",[724,133473,133475],{"id":133474},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[38,133477,133479],{"className":40,"code":133478,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133480,133481,133538,133556,133560],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133482,133483,133485,133487,133489,133491,133494,133496,133498,133500,133502,133504,133506,133508,133510,133512,133514,133516,133518,133520,133522,133524,133526,133528,133530,133532,133534,133536],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133484,35494],{"class":53},[47,133486,58],{"class":57},[47,133488,3017],{"class":83},[47,133490,253],{"class":61},[47,133492,133493],{"class":65},"P",[47,133495,253],{"class":61},[47,133497,590],{"class":83},[47,133499,62],{"class":61},[47,133501,11144],{"class":65},[47,133503,253],{"class":61},[47,133505,590],{"class":83},[47,133507,62],{"class":61},[47,133509,62692],{"class":65},[47,133511,253],{"class":61},[47,133513,590],{"class":83},[47,133515,62],{"class":61},[47,133517,59844],{"class":65},[47,133519,253],{"class":61},[47,133521,590],{"class":83},[47,133523,62],{"class":61},[47,133525,59879],{"class":65},[47,133527,253],{"class":61},[47,133529,590],{"class":83},[47,133531,62],{"class":61},[47,133533,75435],{"class":65},[47,133535,253],{"class":61},[47,133537,3030],{"class":83},[47,133539,133540,133542,133544,133546,133548,133550,133552,133554],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,133541,75],{"class":53},[47,133543,58],{"class":57},[47,133545,5527],{"class":61},[47,133547,84],{"class":83},[47,133549,132895],{"class":87},[47,133551,101],{"class":83},[47,133553,35547],{"class":87},[47,133555,107],{"class":83},[47,133557,133558],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,133559,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,133561,133562,133564,133566,133568],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,133563,98],{"class":97},[47,133565,101],{"class":83},[47,133567,104],{"class":87},[47,133569,107],{"class":83},[20,133571,338],{},[38,133573,133575],{"className":40,"code":133574,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Python\n",[15,133576,133577],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133578,133579],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133580,133574],{"class":53},[724,133582,133584,133585,133587],{"id":133583},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,133586,132818],{}," returns the result",[38,133589,133591],{"className":40,"code":133590,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,133592,133593,133626,133649,133653],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133594,133595,133597,133599,133601,133603,133605,133607,133609,133611,133613,133615,133617,133619,133622,133624],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133596,3466],{"class":53},[47,133598,58],{"class":57},[47,133600,3017],{"class":83},[47,133602,253],{"class":61},[47,133604,5985],{"class":65},[47,133606,253],{"class":61},[47,133608,590],{"class":83},[47,133610,62],{"class":61},[47,133612,78676],{"class":65},[47,133614,253],{"class":61},[47,133616,590],{"class":83},[47,133618,62],{"class":61},[47,133620,133621],{"class":65},"three",[47,133623,253],{"class":61},[47,133625,3030],{"class":83},[47,133627,133628,133631,133633,133635,133637,133639,133641,133643,133645,133647],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,133629,133630],{"class":53},"joined_text ",[47,133632,58],{"class":57},[47,133634,62],{"class":61},[47,133636,1413],{"class":65},[47,133638,253],{"class":61},[47,133640,84],{"class":83},[47,133642,132895],{"class":87},[47,133644,101],{"class":83},[47,133646,3509],{"class":87},[47,133648,107],{"class":83},[47,133650,133651],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,133652,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,133654,133655,133657,133659,133662],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,133656,98],{"class":97},[47,133658,101],{"class":83},[47,133660,133661],{"class":87},"joined_text",[47,133663,107],{"class":83},[20,133665,338],{},[38,133667,133669],{"className":40,"code":133668,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"one-two-three\n",[15,133670,133671],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133672,133673,133675,133677,133679,133681],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133674,5985],{"class":53},[47,133676,1413],{"class":57},[47,133678,78676],{"class":53},[47,133680,1413],{"class":57},[47,133682,133683],{"class":53},"three\n",[33,133685,133687],{"id":133686},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,133689,133690],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[724,133692,133694,133697],{"id":133693},"join-adds-spaces",[15,133695,133696],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[38,133699,133701],{"className":40,"code":133700,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,133702,133703,133727],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133704,133705,133707,133709,133711,133713,133715,133717,133719,133721,133723,133725],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133706,3466],{"class":53},[47,133708,58],{"class":57},[47,133710,3017],{"class":83},[47,133712,253],{"class":61},[47,133714,256],{"class":65},[47,133716,253],{"class":61},[47,133718,590],{"class":83},[47,133720,62],{"class":61},[47,133722,59997],{"class":65},[47,133724,253],{"class":61},[47,133726,3030],{"class":83},[47,133728,133729,133731,133733,133735,133737,133739,133741,133743,133745],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,133730,98],{"class":97},[47,133732,101],{"class":83},[47,133734,253],{"class":61},[47,133736,62],{"class":61},[47,133738,84],{"class":83},[47,133740,132895],{"class":87},[47,133742,101],{"class":83},[47,133744,3509],{"class":87},[47,133746,1419],{"class":83},[20,133748,338],{},[38,133750,133752],{"className":40,"code":133751,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"hello world\n",[15,133753,133754],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133755,133756],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133757,133751],{"class":53},[724,133759,133761,133764],{"id":133760},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,133762,133763],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[38,133766,133768],{"className":40,"code":133767,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,133769,133770,133802],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133771,133772,133774,133776,133778,133780,133782,133784,133786,133788,133790,133792,133794,133796,133798,133800],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133773,12476],{"class":53},[47,133775,58],{"class":57},[47,133777,3017],{"class":83},[47,133779,253],{"class":61},[47,133781,12493],{"class":65},[47,133783,253],{"class":61},[47,133785,590],{"class":83},[47,133787,62],{"class":61},[47,133789,12510],{"class":65},[47,133791,253],{"class":61},[47,133793,590],{"class":83},[47,133795,62],{"class":61},[47,133797,16858],{"class":65},[47,133799,253],{"class":61},[47,133801,3030],{"class":83},[47,133803,133804,133806,133808,133810,133812,133814,133816,133818,133820,133822],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,133805,98],{"class":97},[47,133807,101],{"class":83},[47,133809,253],{"class":61},[47,133811,712],{"class":65},[47,133813,253],{"class":61},[47,133815,84],{"class":83},[47,133817,132895],{"class":87},[47,133819,101],{"class":83},[47,133821,16905],{"class":87},[47,133823,1419],{"class":83},[20,133825,338],{},[38,133827,133829],{"className":40,"code":133828,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"red, blue, green\n",[15,133830,133831],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133832,133833,133835,133837,133840,133842],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133834,12493],{"class":53},[47,133836,590],{"class":83},[47,133838,133839],{"class":53}," blue",[47,133841,590],{"class":83},[47,133843,35278],{"class":53},[20,133845,133846],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[724,133848,133850,133853],{"id":133849},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,133851,133852],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[38,133855,133857],{"className":40,"code":133856,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,133858,133859,133891],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133860,133861,133863,133865,133867,133869,133871,133873,133875,133877,133879,133881,133883,133885,133887,133889],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133862,42240],{"class":53},[47,133864,58],{"class":57},[47,133866,3017],{"class":83},[47,133868,253],{"class":61},[47,133870,42],{"class":65},[47,133872,253],{"class":61},[47,133874,590],{"class":83},[47,133876,62],{"class":61},[47,133878,179],{"class":65},[47,133880,253],{"class":61},[47,133882,590],{"class":83},[47,133884,62],{"class":61},[47,133886,132895],{"class":65},[47,133888,253],{"class":61},[47,133890,3030],{"class":83},[47,133892,133893,133895,133897,133899,133901,133903,133905,133907,133909,133911],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,133894,98],{"class":97},[47,133896,101],{"class":83},[47,133898,253],{"class":61},[47,133900,1413],{"class":65},[47,133902,253],{"class":61},[47,133904,84],{"class":83},[47,133906,132895],{"class":87},[47,133908,101],{"class":83},[47,133910,42271],{"class":87},[47,133912,1419],{"class":83},[20,133914,338],{},[38,133916,133918],{"className":40,"code":133917,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"python-string-join\n",[15,133919,133920],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133921,133922,133924,133926,133928,133930],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133923,42],{"class":53},[47,133925,1413],{"class":57},[47,133927,179],{"class":53},[47,133929,1413],{"class":57},[47,133931,133932],{"class":53},"join\n",[724,133934,133936,133939],{"id":133935},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,133937,133938],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[38,133941,133943],{"className":40,"code":133942,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,133944,133945,133978],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133946,133947,133949,133951,133953,133955,133957,133959,133961,133963,133965,133967,133969,133971,133974,133976],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133948,112332],{"class":53},[47,133950,58],{"class":57},[47,133952,3017],{"class":83},[47,133954,253],{"class":61},[47,133956,21647],{"class":65},[47,133958,253],{"class":61},[47,133960,590],{"class":83},[47,133962,62],{"class":61},[47,133964,30005],{"class":65},[47,133966,253],{"class":61},[47,133968,590],{"class":83},[47,133970,62],{"class":61},[47,133972,133973],{"class":65},"C",[47,133975,253],{"class":61},[47,133977,3030],{"class":83},[47,133979,133980,133982,133984,133986,133988,133990,133992,133995],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,133981,98],{"class":97},[47,133983,101],{"class":83},[47,133985,5672],{"class":61},[47,133987,84],{"class":83},[47,133989,132895],{"class":87},[47,133991,101],{"class":83},[47,133993,133994],{"class":87},"chars",[47,133996,1419],{"class":83},[20,133998,338],{},[38,134000,134002],{"className":40,"code":134001,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ABC\n",[15,134003,134004],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134005,134006],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134007,134001],{"class":353},[33,134009,134011],{"id":134010},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134013,134014,134016],{},[15,134015,132818],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[724,134018,134020],{"id":134019},"this-works","This works",[38,134022,134024],{"className":40,"code":134023,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134025,134026,134058],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134027,134028,134030,134032,134034,134036,134038,134040,134042,134044,134046,134048,134050,134052,134054,134056],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134029,3219],{"class":53},[47,134031,58],{"class":57},[47,134033,3017],{"class":83},[47,134035,253],{"class":61},[47,134037,1719],{"class":65},[47,134039,253],{"class":61},[47,134041,590],{"class":83},[47,134043,62],{"class":61},[47,134045,15157],{"class":65},[47,134047,253],{"class":61},[47,134049,590],{"class":83},[47,134051,62],{"class":61},[47,134053,36246],{"class":65},[47,134055,253],{"class":61},[47,134057,3030],{"class":83},[47,134059,134060,134062,134064,134066,134068,134070,134072,134074,134076,134078],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,134061,98],{"class":97},[47,134063,101],{"class":83},[47,134065,253],{"class":61},[47,134067,712],{"class":65},[47,134069,253],{"class":61},[47,134071,84],{"class":83},[47,134073,132895],{"class":87},[47,134075,101],{"class":83},[47,134077,4758],{"class":87},[47,134079,1419],{"class":83},[20,134081,338],{},[38,134083,134085],{"className":40,"code":134084,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134086,134087],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134088,134089,134091,134093,134095,134097],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134090,1719],{"class":586},[47,134092,590],{"class":83},[47,134094,7189],{"class":586},[47,134096,590],{"class":83},[47,134098,134099],{"class":586}," 30\n",[724,134101,134103],{"id":134102},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[38,134105,134107],{"className":40,"code":134106,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134108,134109,134129],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134110,134111,134113,134115,134117,134119,134121,134123,134125,134127],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134112,3219],{"class":53},[47,134114,58],{"class":57},[47,134116,3017],{"class":83},[47,134118,2377],{"class":586},[47,134120,590],{"class":83},[47,134122,2382],{"class":586},[47,134124,590],{"class":83},[47,134126,1841],{"class":586},[47,134128,3030],{"class":83},[47,134130,134131,134133,134135,134137,134139,134141,134143,134145,134147,134149],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,134132,98],{"class":97},[47,134134,101],{"class":83},[47,134136,253],{"class":61},[47,134138,712],{"class":65},[47,134140,253],{"class":61},[47,134142,84],{"class":83},[47,134144,132895],{"class":87},[47,134146,101],{"class":83},[47,134148,4758],{"class":87},[47,134150,1419],{"class":83},[20,134152,89714,134153,134155],{},[15,134154,2395],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134157,134158],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[38,134160,134162],{"className":40,"code":134161,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134163,134164,134184,134214,134218],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134165,134166,134168,134170,134172,134174,134176,134178,134180,134182],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134167,3219],{"class":53},[47,134169,58],{"class":57},[47,134171,3017],{"class":83},[47,134173,2377],{"class":586},[47,134175,590],{"class":83},[47,134177,2382],{"class":586},[47,134179,590],{"class":83},[47,134181,1841],{"class":586},[47,134183,3030],{"class":83},[47,134185,134186,134188,134190,134192,134194,134196,134198,134200,134202,134204,134206,134208,134210,134212],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,134187,75],{"class":53},[47,134189,58],{"class":57},[47,134191,62],{"class":61},[47,134193,712],{"class":65},[47,134195,253],{"class":61},[47,134197,84],{"class":83},[47,134199,132895],{"class":87},[47,134201,101],{"class":83},[47,134203,39262],{"class":97},[47,134205,101],{"class":83},[47,134207,920],{"class":919},[47,134209,590],{"class":83},[47,134211,3281],{"class":87},[47,134213,1419],{"class":83},[47,134215,134216],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,134217,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,134219,134220,134222,134224,134226],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,134221,98],{"class":97},[47,134223,101],{"class":83},[47,134225,104],{"class":87},[47,134227,107],{"class":83},[20,134229,338],{},[38,134231,134233],{"className":40,"code":134232,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134234,134235],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134236,134237,134239,134241,134243,134245],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134238,2377],{"class":586},[47,134240,590],{"class":83},[47,134242,2382],{"class":586},[47,134244,590],{"class":83},[47,134246,1967],{"class":586},[20,134248,134249,134250,84],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[154,134251,2968,134252,2901],{"href":41578},[15,134253,47088],{},[724,134255,134257,134259],{"id":134256},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134258,3174],{}," values do not work directly",[38,134261,134263],{"className":40,"code":134262,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134264,134265,134293],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134266,134267,134269,134271,134273,134275,134277,134279,134281,134283,134285,134287,134289,134291],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134268,3219],{"class":53},[47,134270,58],{"class":57},[47,134272,3017],{"class":83},[47,134274,253],{"class":61},[47,134276,3475],{"class":65},[47,134278,253],{"class":61},[47,134280,590],{"class":83},[47,134282,3248],{"class":1271},[47,134284,590],{"class":83},[47,134286,62],{"class":61},[47,134288,288],{"class":65},[47,134290,253],{"class":61},[47,134292,3030],{"class":83},[47,134294,134295,134297,134299,134301,134303,134305,134307,134309,134311,134313],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,134296,98],{"class":97},[47,134298,101],{"class":83},[47,134300,253],{"class":61},[47,134302,712],{"class":65},[47,134304,253],{"class":61},[47,134306,84],{"class":83},[47,134308,132895],{"class":87},[47,134310,101],{"class":83},[47,134312,4758],{"class":87},[47,134314,1419],{"class":83},[20,134316,134317,134318,84],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134319,2395],{},[20,134321,134322],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[38,134324,134326],{"className":40,"code":134325,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134327,134328,134356,134386,134390],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134329,134330,134332,134334,134336,134338,134340,134342,134344,134346,134348,134350,134352,134354],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134331,3219],{"class":53},[47,134333,58],{"class":57},[47,134335,3017],{"class":83},[47,134337,253],{"class":61},[47,134339,3475],{"class":65},[47,134341,253],{"class":61},[47,134343,590],{"class":83},[47,134345,3248],{"class":1271},[47,134347,590],{"class":83},[47,134349,62],{"class":61},[47,134351,288],{"class":65},[47,134353,253],{"class":61},[47,134355,3030],{"class":83},[47,134357,134358,134360,134362,134364,134366,134368,134370,134372,134374,134376,134378,134380,134382,134384],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,134359,75],{"class":53},[47,134361,58],{"class":57},[47,134363,62],{"class":61},[47,134365,712],{"class":65},[47,134367,253],{"class":61},[47,134369,84],{"class":83},[47,134371,132895],{"class":87},[47,134373,101],{"class":83},[47,134375,39262],{"class":97},[47,134377,101],{"class":83},[47,134379,920],{"class":919},[47,134381,590],{"class":83},[47,134383,3281],{"class":87},[47,134385,1419],{"class":83},[47,134387,134388],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,134389,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,134391,134392,134394,134396,134398],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,134393,98],{"class":97},[47,134395,101],{"class":83},[47,134397,104],{"class":87},[47,134399,107],{"class":83},[20,134401,338],{},[38,134403,134405],{"className":40,"code":134404,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134406,134407],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134408,134409,134411,134413,134415,134417],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134410,3475],{"class":53},[47,134412,590],{"class":83},[47,134414,3248],{"class":1271},[47,134416,590],{"class":83},[47,134418,134419],{"class":53}," banana\n",[20,134421,134422,134423,134425],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134424,3174],{}," values instead of converting them.",[724,134427,134429,134431],{"id":134428},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134430,132818],{}," also works with tuples",[38,134433,134435],{"className":40,"code":134434,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134436,134437,134469],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134438,134439,134441,134443,134445,134447,134449,134451,134453,134455,134457,134459,134461,134463,134465,134467],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134440,4392],{"class":53},[47,134442,58],{"class":57},[47,134444,8634],{"class":83},[47,134446,253],{"class":61},[47,134448,7075],{"class":65},[47,134450,253],{"class":61},[47,134452,590],{"class":83},[47,134454,62],{"class":61},[47,134456,130824],{"class":65},[47,134458,253],{"class":61},[47,134460,590],{"class":83},[47,134462,62],{"class":61},[47,134464,7320],{"class":65},[47,134466,253],{"class":61},[47,134468,107],{"class":83},[47,134470,134471,134473,134475,134477,134480,134482,134484,134486,134488,134490],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,134472,98],{"class":97},[47,134474,101],{"class":83},[47,134476,253],{"class":61},[47,134478,134479],{"class":65}," \u002F ",[47,134481,253],{"class":61},[47,134483,84],{"class":83},[47,134485,132895],{"class":87},[47,134487,101],{"class":83},[47,134489,4436],{"class":87},[47,134491,1419],{"class":83},[20,134493,338],{},[38,134495,134497],{"className":40,"code":134496,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,134498,134499],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134500,134501,134504,134506,134509,134511],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134502,134503],{"class":53},"Sam ",[47,134505,126632],{"class":57},[47,134507,134508],{"class":53}," Lee ",[47,134510,126632],{"class":57},[47,134512,21736],{"class":53},[33,134514,134516,134517],{"id":134515},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,134518,132818],{},[20,134520,134521],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[724,134523,134525,134526,134528],{"id":134524},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,134527,2395],{}," because not all items are strings",[38,134530,134532],{"className":40,"code":134531,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,134533,134534,134562],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134535,134536,134538,134540,134542,134544,134546,134548,134550,134552,134554,134556,134558,134560],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134537,7178],{"class":53},[47,134539,58],{"class":57},[47,134541,3017],{"class":83},[47,134543,253],{"class":61},[47,134545,154],{"class":65},[47,134547,253],{"class":61},[47,134549,590],{"class":83},[47,134551,2382],{"class":586},[47,134553,590],{"class":83},[47,134555,62],{"class":61},[47,134557,9138],{"class":65},[47,134559,253],{"class":61},[47,134561,3030],{"class":83},[47,134563,134564,134566,134568,134570,134572,134574,134576,134578,134580],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,134565,98],{"class":97},[47,134567,101],{"class":83},[47,134569,253],{"class":61},[47,134571,62],{"class":61},[47,134573,84],{"class":83},[47,134575,132895],{"class":87},[47,134577,101],{"class":83},[47,134579,7209],{"class":87},[47,134581,1419],{"class":83},[20,134583,47914,134584,134586],{},[15,134585,1449],{}," is an integer.",[20,134588,38665],{},[38,134590,134592],{"className":40,"code":134591,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,134593,134594,134622],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134595,134596,134598,134600,134602,134604,134606,134608,134610,134612,134614,134616,134618,134620],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134597,7178],{"class":53},[47,134599,58],{"class":57},[47,134601,3017],{"class":83},[47,134603,253],{"class":61},[47,134605,154],{"class":65},[47,134607,253],{"class":61},[47,134609,590],{"class":83},[47,134611,2382],{"class":586},[47,134613,590],{"class":83},[47,134615,62],{"class":61},[47,134617,9138],{"class":65},[47,134619,253],{"class":61},[47,134621,3030],{"class":83},[47,134623,134624,134626,134628,134630,134632,134634,134636,134638,134640,134642,134644,134646,134648],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,134625,98],{"class":97},[47,134627,101],{"class":83},[47,134629,253],{"class":61},[47,134631,62],{"class":61},[47,134633,84],{"class":83},[47,134635,132895],{"class":87},[47,134637,101],{"class":83},[47,134639,39262],{"class":97},[47,134641,101],{"class":83},[47,134643,920],{"class":919},[47,134645,590],{"class":83},[47,134647,5367],{"class":87},[47,134649,2300],{"class":83},[20,134651,134652,134653,84],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[154,134654,25083,134656],{"href":134655},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,134657,134658],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[724,134660,134662,134663,134665],{"id":134661},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,134664,132818],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,134667,3922],{},[38,134669,134671],{"className":40,"code":134670,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,134672,134673,134705],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134674,134675,134677,134679,134681,134683,134685,134687,134689,134691,134693,134695,134697,134699,134701,134703],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134676,3466],{"class":53},[47,134678,58],{"class":57},[47,134680,3017],{"class":83},[47,134682,253],{"class":61},[47,134684,6696],{"class":65},[47,134686,253],{"class":61},[47,134688,590],{"class":83},[47,134690,62],{"class":61},[47,134692,11593],{"class":65},[47,134694,253],{"class":61},[47,134696,590],{"class":83},[47,134698,62],{"class":61},[47,134700,132876],{"class":65},[47,134702,253],{"class":61},[47,134704,3030],{"class":83},[47,134706,134707,134709,134711,134713,134715,134717,134719,134721,134723],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,134708,75],{"class":53},[47,134710,58],{"class":57},[47,134712,5568],{"class":53},[47,134714,84],{"class":83},[47,134716,132895],{"class":87},[47,134718,101],{"class":83},[47,134720,253],{"class":61},[47,134722,62],{"class":61},[47,134724,107],{"class":83},[20,134726,134727,134729],{},[15,134728,132818],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,134731,10207],{},[38,134733,134735],{"className":40,"code":134734,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134736,134737,134769,134789,134793],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134738,134739,134741,134743,134745,134747,134749,134751,134753,134755,134757,134759,134761,134763,134765,134767],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134740,3466],{"class":53},[47,134742,58],{"class":57},[47,134744,3017],{"class":83},[47,134746,253],{"class":61},[47,134748,6696],{"class":65},[47,134750,253],{"class":61},[47,134752,590],{"class":83},[47,134754,62],{"class":61},[47,134756,11593],{"class":65},[47,134758,253],{"class":61},[47,134760,590],{"class":83},[47,134762,62],{"class":61},[47,134764,132876],{"class":65},[47,134766,253],{"class":61},[47,134768,3030],{"class":83},[47,134770,134771,134773,134775,134777,134779,134781,134783,134785,134787],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,134772,75],{"class":53},[47,134774,58],{"class":57},[47,134776,62],{"class":61},[47,134778,62],{"class":61},[47,134780,84],{"class":83},[47,134782,132895],{"class":87},[47,134784,101],{"class":83},[47,134786,3509],{"class":87},[47,134788,107],{"class":83},[47,134790,134791],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,134792,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,134794,134795,134797,134799,134801],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,134796,98],{"class":97},[47,134798,101],{"class":83},[47,134800,104],{"class":87},[47,134802,107],{"class":83},[724,134804,134806],{"id":134805},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[38,134808,134810],{"className":40,"code":134809,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,134811,134812,134844],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134813,134814,134816,134818,134820,134822,134824,134826,134828,134830,134832,134834,134836,134838,134840,134842],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134815,3466],{"class":53},[47,134817,58],{"class":57},[47,134819,3017],{"class":83},[47,134821,253],{"class":61},[47,134823,5985],{"class":65},[47,134825,253],{"class":61},[47,134827,590],{"class":83},[47,134829,62],{"class":61},[47,134831,78676],{"class":65},[47,134833,253],{"class":61},[47,134835,590],{"class":83},[47,134837,62],{"class":61},[47,134839,133621],{"class":65},[47,134841,253],{"class":61},[47,134843,3030],{"class":83},[47,134845,134846,134848,134850,134852,134854,134856,134858,134860],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,134847,98],{"class":97},[47,134849,101],{"class":83},[47,134851,5672],{"class":61},[47,134853,84],{"class":83},[47,134855,132895],{"class":87},[47,134857,101],{"class":83},[47,134859,3509],{"class":87},[47,134861,1419],{"class":83},[20,134863,338],{},[38,134865,134867],{"className":40,"code":134866,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"onetwothree\n",[15,134868,134869],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134870,134871],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134872,134866],{"class":53},[20,134874,134875,134876,6031],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,134877,132963],{},[724,134879,134881,134882,131086],{"id":134880},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,134883,132818],{},[38,134885,134887],{"className":40,"code":134886,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,134888,134889,134921,134939,134943],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134890,134891,134893,134895,134897,134899,134901,134903,134905,134907,134909,134911,134913,134915,134917,134919],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134892,3466],{"class":53},[47,134894,58],{"class":57},[47,134896,3017],{"class":83},[47,134898,253],{"class":61},[47,134900,154],{"class":65},[47,134902,253],{"class":61},[47,134904,590],{"class":83},[47,134906,62],{"class":61},[47,134908,4158],{"class":65},[47,134910,253],{"class":61},[47,134912,590],{"class":83},[47,134914,62],{"class":61},[47,134916,9138],{"class":65},[47,134918,253],{"class":61},[47,134920,3030],{"class":83},[47,134922,134923,134925,134927,134929,134931,134933,134935,134937],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,134924,253],{"class":42731},[47,134926,1413],{"class":42735},[47,134928,253],{"class":42731},[47,134930,84],{"class":83},[47,134932,132895],{"class":87},[47,134934,101],{"class":83},[47,134936,3509],{"class":87},[47,134938,107],{"class":83},[47,134940,134941],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,134942,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,134944,134945,134947,134949,134951],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,134946,98],{"class":97},[47,134948,101],{"class":83},[47,134950,3509],{"class":87},[47,134952,107],{"class":83},[20,134954,338],{},[38,134956,134957],{"className":40,"code":42278,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,134958,134959],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134960,134961,134963,134965,134967,134969,134971,134973,134975,134977,134979,134981,134983,134985],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134962,3296],{"class":83},[47,134964,2693],{"class":61},[47,134966,154],{"class":65},[47,134968,2693],{"class":61},[47,134970,590],{"class":83},[47,134972,2688],{"class":61},[47,134974,4158],{"class":65},[47,134976,2693],{"class":61},[47,134978,590],{"class":83},[47,134980,2688],{"class":61},[47,134982,9138],{"class":65},[47,134984,2693],{"class":61},[47,134986,3030],{"class":83},[20,134988,134989,134990,134992],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,134991,132818],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[33,134994,134996,134998,134999],{"id":134995},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,134997,132818],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135000,1452],{},[20,135002,9990,135003,1063,135005,135007],{},[15,135004,132818],{},[15,135006,1452],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[724,135009,1486,135011,135013],{"id":135010},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135012,1452],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[38,135015,135017],{"className":40,"code":135016,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135018,135019,135032,135045,135065,135069],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135020,135021,135024,135026,135028,135030],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135022,135023],{"class":53},"first ",[47,135025,58],{"class":57},[47,135027,62],{"class":61},[47,135029,34270],{"class":65},[47,135031,69],{"class":61},[47,135033,135034,135037,135039,135041,135043],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,135035,135036],{"class":53},"second ",[47,135038,58],{"class":57},[47,135040,62],{"class":61},[47,135042,89143],{"class":65},[47,135044,69],{"class":61},[47,135046,135047,135049,135051,135054,135056,135058,135060,135062],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,135048,75],{"class":53},[47,135050,58],{"class":57},[47,135052,135053],{"class":53}," first ",[47,135055,1452],{"class":57},[47,135057,62],{"class":61},[47,135059,62],{"class":61},[47,135061,1844],{"class":57},[47,135063,135064],{"class":53}," second\n",[47,135066,135067],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,135068,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,135070,135071,135073,135075,135077],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,135072,98],{"class":97},[47,135074,101],{"class":83},[47,135076,104],{"class":87},[47,135078,107],{"class":83},[20,135080,338],{},[38,135082,135084],{"className":40,"code":135083,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello World\n",[15,135085,135086],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135087,135088],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135089,135083],{"class":53},[724,135091,1486,135093,135095],{"id":135092},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135094,132818],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[38,135097,135099],{"className":40,"code":135098,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135100,135101,135143,135163,135167],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135102,135103,135105,135107,135109,135111,135113,135115,135117,135119,135122,135124,135126,135128,135131,135133,135135,135137,135139,135141],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135104,3466],{"class":53},[47,135106,58],{"class":57},[47,135108,3017],{"class":83},[47,135110,253],{"class":61},[47,135112,6696],{"class":65},[47,135114,253],{"class":61},[47,135116,590],{"class":83},[47,135118,62],{"class":61},[47,135120,135121],{"class":65},"makes",[47,135123,253],{"class":61},[47,135125,590],{"class":83},[47,135127,62],{"class":61},[47,135129,135130],{"class":65},"this",[47,135132,253],{"class":61},[47,135134,590],{"class":83},[47,135136,62],{"class":61},[47,135138,133316],{"class":65},[47,135140,253],{"class":61},[47,135142,3030],{"class":83},[47,135144,135145,135147,135149,135151,135153,135155,135157,135159,135161],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,135146,75],{"class":53},[47,135148,58],{"class":57},[47,135150,62],{"class":61},[47,135152,62],{"class":61},[47,135154,84],{"class":83},[47,135156,132895],{"class":87},[47,135158,101],{"class":83},[47,135160,3509],{"class":87},[47,135162,107],{"class":83},[47,135164,135165],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,135166,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,135168,135169,135171,135173,135175],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,135170,98],{"class":97},[47,135172,101],{"class":83},[47,135174,104],{"class":87},[47,135176,107],{"class":83},[20,135178,338],{},[38,135180,135182],{"className":40,"code":135181,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135183,135184],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135185,135186],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135187,135181],{"class":53},[20,135189,135190,135192],{},[15,135191,132818],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[133,135194,135195,135198,135201],{},[136,135196,135197],{},"You already have a list of strings",[136,135199,135200],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[136,135202,135203,135204,135206],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135205,1452],{}," operators",[20,135208,135209,135210,84],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[154,135211,135213],{"href":135212},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[33,135215,135217],{"id":135216},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135219,8272,135220,135222],{},[15,135221,132818],{}," is not working, check these first:",[133,135224,135225,135228,135233,135242,135248],{},[136,135226,135227],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[136,135229,135230,135231],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135232,3174],{},[136,135234,135235,135236,10492,135239],{},"You may have written ",[15,135237,135238],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135240,135241],{},"string.join(...)",[136,135243,135244,135245,135247],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135246,132818],{}," to change the original iterable",[136,135249,135250],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135252,93782],{},[38,135254,135256],{"className":40,"code":135255,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135257,135258,135272,135282,135306,135346],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135259,135260,135262,135264,135266,135268,135270],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135261,98],{"class":97},[47,135263,101],{"class":83},[47,135265,2613],{"class":919},[47,135267,101],{"class":83},[47,135269,7209],{"class":87},[47,135271,1419],{"class":83},[47,135273,135274,135276,135278,135280],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,135275,98],{"class":97},[47,135277,101],{"class":83},[47,135279,7209],{"class":87},[47,135281,107],{"class":83},[47,135283,135284,135286,135288,135290,135292,135294,135296,135298,135300,135302,135304],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,135285,98],{"class":97},[47,135287,2374],{"class":83},[47,135289,2613],{"class":919},[47,135291,101],{"class":83},[47,135293,22713],{"class":87},[47,135295,3057],{"class":83},[47,135297,3272],{"class":655},[47,135299,5362],{"class":87},[47,135301,3278],{"class":655},[47,135303,5367],{"class":87},[47,135305,3284],{"class":83},[47,135307,135308,135310,135312,135314,135316,135318,135320,135322,135324,135326,135328,135330,135332,135334,135336,135338,135340,135342,135344],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,135309,98],{"class":97},[47,135311,101],{"class":83},[47,135313,2693],{"class":61},[47,135315,2688],{"class":61},[47,135317,84],{"class":83},[47,135319,132895],{"class":87},[47,135321,2374],{"class":83},[47,135323,2693],{"class":61},[47,135325,154],{"class":65},[47,135327,2693],{"class":61},[47,135329,590],{"class":83},[47,135331,2688],{"class":61},[47,135333,4158],{"class":65},[47,135335,2693],{"class":61},[47,135337,590],{"class":83},[47,135339,2688],{"class":61},[47,135341,9138],{"class":65},[47,135343,2693],{"class":61},[47,135345,2389],{"class":83},[47,135347,135348,135350,135352,135354,135356,135358,135360,135362,135364,135366,135368,135370,135372,135374,135376,135378,135380,135382,135384],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,135349,98],{"class":97},[47,135351,101],{"class":83},[47,135353,2693],{"class":61},[47,135355,712],{"class":65},[47,135357,2693],{"class":61},[47,135359,84],{"class":83},[47,135361,132895],{"class":87},[47,135363,101],{"class":83},[47,135365,39262],{"class":97},[47,135367,101],{"class":83},[47,135369,920],{"class":919},[47,135371,590],{"class":83},[47,135373,3017],{"class":83},[47,135375,2377],{"class":586},[47,135377,590],{"class":83},[47,135379,2382],{"class":586},[47,135381,590],{"class":83},[47,135383,1841],{"class":586},[47,135385,36669],{"class":83},[20,135387,135388],{},"What these checks do:",[133,135390,135391,135399,135405,135411,135420],{},[136,135392,135393,135396,135397,7495],{},[15,135394,135395],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135398,7209],{},[136,135400,135401,135404],{},[15,135402,135403],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[136,135406,135407,135410],{},[15,135408,135409],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[136,135412,135413,135416,135417,135419],{},[15,135414,135415],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135418,132818],{}," behavior",[136,135421,135422,135425],{},[15,135423,135424],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[33,135427,1155],{"id":1154},[724,135429,1159,135431,135433],{"id":135430},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135432,132818],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135435,135436,135437,135439,135440,84],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135438,132818],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135441,135442],{},"map(str, values)",[724,135444,1159,135446,56569],{"id":135445},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,135447,132818],{},[20,135449,135450],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[724,135452,1190,135454,62040],{"id":135453},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,135455,132818],{},[20,135457,41555,135458,135460],{},[15,135459,132818],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[724,135462,4540,135464,39363],{"id":135463},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,135465,135466],{},"''.join(words)",[20,135468,135469],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[724,135471,135473,135474,135476,135477,1883],{"id":135472},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,135475,2395],{}," when using ",[15,135478,132818],{},[20,135480,135481],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[33,135483,1275],{"id":1274},[133,135485,135486,135491,135497,135503,135509],{},[136,135487,135488],{},[154,135489,135490],{"href":135212},"How to join strings in Python",[136,135492,135493],{},[154,135494,1286,135495,1289],{"href":128425},[15,135496,59937],{},[136,135498,135499],{},[154,135500,2968,135501,2901],{"href":41578},[15,135502,47088],{},[136,135504,135505],{},[154,135506,29752,135507],{"href":134655},[15,135508,134658],{},[136,135510,135511],{},[154,135512,162],{"href":161},[20,135514,96750,135515,135517],{},[15,135516,132818],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1320,135519,135520],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":135522},[135523,135524,135526,135529,135536,135546,135554,135564,135571,135572,135584],{"id":3001,"depth":72,"text":3002},{"id":132935,"depth":72,"text":135525},"What join() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166,"children":135527},[135528],{"id":48413,"depth":94,"text":48414},{"id":121283,"depth":72,"text":121284,"children":135530},[135531,135532,135533,135534],{"id":133281,"depth":94,"text":133282},{"id":133373,"depth":94,"text":133374},{"id":133474,"depth":94,"text":133475},{"id":133583,"depth":94,"text":135535},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":133686,"depth":72,"text":133687,"children":135537},[135538,135540,135542,135544],{"id":133693,"depth":94,"text":135539},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":133760,"depth":94,"text":135541},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":133849,"depth":94,"text":135543},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":133935,"depth":94,"text":135545},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134010,"depth":72,"text":134011,"children":135547},[135548,135549,135550,135552],{"id":134019,"depth":94,"text":134020},{"id":134102,"depth":94,"text":134103},{"id":134256,"depth":94,"text":135551},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134428,"depth":94,"text":135553},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134515,"depth":72,"text":135555,"children":135556},"Common errors with join()",[135557,135559,135561,135562],{"id":134524,"depth":94,"text":135558},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":134661,"depth":94,"text":135560},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":134805,"depth":94,"text":134806},{"id":134880,"depth":94,"text":135563},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":134995,"depth":72,"text":135565,"children":135566},"join() vs concatenation with +",[135567,135569],{"id":135010,"depth":94,"text":135568},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135092,"depth":94,"text":135570},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135216,"depth":72,"text":135217},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":135573},[135574,135576,135578,135580,135582],{"id":135430,"depth":94,"text":135575},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135445,"depth":94,"text":135577},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135453,"depth":94,"text":135579},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135463,"depth":94,"text":135581},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135472,"depth":94,"text":135583},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":132810,"description":135585},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":135592,"title":135593,"body":135594,"description":137148,"extension":1354,"meta":137149,"navigation":311,"path":137150,"seo":137151,"stem":137152,"__hash__":137153},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":135595,"toc":137115},[135596,135601,135606,135608,135622,135667,135674,135679,135684,135686,135701,135708,135710,135712,135727,135729,135739,135741,135802,135804,135807,135868,135870,135886,135888,135901,135904,135951,135953,135959,135962,135965,136022,136030,136116,136120,136125,136127,136141,136144,136229,136232,136290,136300,136355,136357,136362,136368,136374,136418,136421,136468,136470,136472,136479,136481,136512,136515,136517,136548,136552,136555,136557,136597,136599,136642,136647,136652,136654,136681,136686,136689,136738,136742,136745,136819,136830,136833,136890,136897,136903,136911,136916,136923,136930,136948,136950,137004,137012,137014,137019,137022,137027,137033,137038,137041,137047,137053,137060,137068,137070,137112],[10,135597,13,135599,18],{"id":135598},"python-string-lower-method",[15,135600,1014],{},[20,135602,22,135603,135605],{},[15,135604,1014],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,135607,23490],{},[133,135609,135610,135613,135616,135619],{},[136,135611,135612],{},"convert text to lowercase",[136,135614,135615],{},"compare text without case differences",[136,135617,135618],{},"clean up user input",[136,135620,135621],{},"make simple text matching easier",[38,135623,135625],{"className":40,"code":135624,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,135626,135627,135640,135654],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135628,135629,135631,135633,135635,135638],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135630,54],{"class":53},[47,135632,58],{"class":57},[47,135634,62],{"class":61},[47,135636,135637],{"class":65},"Hello WORLD",[47,135639,69],{"class":61},[47,135641,135642,135644,135646,135648,135650,135652],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,135643,75],{"class":53},[47,135645,58],{"class":57},[47,135647,80],{"class":53},[47,135649,84],{"class":83},[47,135651,8038],{"class":87},[47,135653,91],{"class":83},[47,135655,135656,135658,135660,135662,135664],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,135657,98],{"class":97},[47,135659,101],{"class":83},[47,135661,104],{"class":87},[47,135663,3057],{"class":83},[47,135665,135666],{"class":113},"  # hello world\n",[20,135668,135669,88367,135671,135673],{},[121,135670,83226],{},[15,135672,1014],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[33,135675,128,135677,131],{"id":135676},"what-lower-does",[15,135678,1014],{},[20,135680,135681,135683],{},[15,135682,1014],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,135685,12452],{},[133,135687,135688,135693,135696,135699],{},[136,135689,135690,135692],{},[15,135691,1014],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[136,135694,135695],{},"It works on string objects",[136,135697,135698],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[136,135700,149],{},[20,135702,152,135703,135705,135706,84],{},[154,135704,157],{"href":156}," or learn more in ",[154,135707,50380],{"href":161},[33,135709,166],{"id":165},[20,135711,169],{},[38,135713,135715],{"className":40,"code":135714,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.lower()\n",[15,135716,135717],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135718,135719,135721,135723,135725],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135720,179],{"class":53},[47,135722,84],{"class":83},[47,135724,8038],{"class":87},[47,135726,91],{"class":83},[20,135728,43053],{},[133,135730,135731,135733,135736],{},[136,135732,193],{},[136,135734,135735],{},"You call it directly on a string",[136,135737,135738],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,135740,538],{},[38,135742,135744],{"className":40,"code":135743,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,135745,135746,135768,135772,135785],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135747,135748,135750,135752,135754,135756,135758,135760,135762,135765],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135749,98],{"class":97},[47,135751,101],{"class":83},[47,135753,253],{"class":61},[47,135755,1002],{"class":65},[47,135757,253],{"class":61},[47,135759,84],{"class":83},[47,135761,8038],{"class":87},[47,135763,135764],{"class":83},"())",[47,135766,135767],{"class":113},"  # hello\n",[47,135769,135770],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,135771,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,135773,135774,135776,135778,135780,135783],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,135775,212],{"class":53},[47,135777,58],{"class":57},[47,135779,62],{"class":61},[47,135781,135782],{"class":65},"PyThOn",[47,135784,69],{"class":61},[47,135786,135787,135789,135791,135793,135795,135797,135799],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,135788,98],{"class":97},[47,135790,101],{"class":83},[47,135792,229],{"class":87},[47,135794,84],{"class":83},[47,135796,8038],{"class":87},[47,135798,135764],{"class":83},[47,135800,135801],{"class":113},"  # python\n",[33,135803,268],{"id":267},[20,135805,135806],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[38,135808,135810],{"className":40,"code":135809,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,135811,135812,135824,135828,135843,135847,135858],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135813,135814,135816,135818,135820,135822],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135815,54],{"class":53},[47,135817,58],{"class":57},[47,135819,62],{"class":61},[47,135821,135637],{"class":65},[47,135823,69],{"class":61},[47,135825,135826],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,135827,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,135829,135830,135833,135835,135837,135839,135841],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,135831,135832],{"class":53},"lower_text ",[47,135834,58],{"class":57},[47,135836,80],{"class":53},[47,135838,84],{"class":83},[47,135840,8038],{"class":87},[47,135842,91],{"class":83},[47,135844,135845],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,135846,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,135848,135849,135851,135853,135856],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,135850,98],{"class":97},[47,135852,101],{"class":83},[47,135854,135855],{"class":87},"lower_text",[47,135857,107],{"class":83},[47,135859,135860,135862,135864,135866],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,135861,98],{"class":97},[47,135863,101],{"class":83},[47,135865,565],{"class":87},[47,135867,107],{"class":83},[20,135869,338],{},[38,135871,135873],{"className":40,"code":135872,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,135874,135875,135879],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135876,135877],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135878,133751],{"class":53},[47,135880,135881,135883],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,135882,131152],{"class":53},[47,135884,135885],{"class":353},"WORLD\n",[20,135887,24010],{},[133,135889,135890,135895],{},[136,135891,135892,135894],{},[15,135893,1014],{}," returns the lowercase result",[136,135896,135897,135898,135900],{},"the original ",[15,135899,565],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,135902,135903],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[38,135905,135907],{"className":40,"code":135906,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,135908,135909,135921,135935,135939],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135910,135911,135913,135915,135917,135919],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135912,54],{"class":53},[47,135914,58],{"class":57},[47,135916,62],{"class":61},[47,135918,135637],{"class":65},[47,135920,69],{"class":61},[47,135922,135923,135925,135927,135929,135931,135933],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,135924,54],{"class":53},[47,135926,58],{"class":57},[47,135928,80],{"class":53},[47,135930,84],{"class":83},[47,135932,8038],{"class":87},[47,135934,91],{"class":83},[47,135936,135937],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,135938,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,135940,135941,135943,135945,135947,135949],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,135942,98],{"class":97},[47,135944,101],{"class":83},[47,135946,565],{"class":87},[47,135948,3057],{"class":83},[47,135950,135666],{"class":113},[33,135952,16821],{"id":16820},[20,135954,135955,21377,135957,84],{},[15,135956,1014],{},[121,135958,179],{},[20,135960,135961],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,135963,135964],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[38,135966,135968],{"className":40,"code":135967,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,135969,135970,135982,135986,136008],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135971,135972,135974,135976,135978,135980],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135973,637],{"class":53},[47,135975,58],{"class":57},[47,135977,62],{"class":61},[47,135979,674],{"class":65},[47,135981,69],{"class":61},[47,135983,135984],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,135985,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,135987,135988,135990,135992,135994,135996,135998,136000,136002,136004,136006],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,135989,656],{"class":655},[47,135991,659],{"class":53},[47,135993,84],{"class":83},[47,135995,8038],{"class":87},[47,135997,666],{"class":83},[47,135999,669],{"class":57},[47,136001,62],{"class":61},[47,136003,644],{"class":65},[47,136005,253],{"class":61},[47,136007,679],{"class":83},[47,136009,136010,136012,136014,136016,136018,136020],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,136011,684],{"class":97},[47,136013,101],{"class":83},[47,136015,253],{"class":61},[47,136017,96237],{"class":65},[47,136019,253],{"class":61},[47,136021,107],{"class":83},[20,136023,136024,136025,1032],{},"This is especially useful with ",[154,136026,136027,136028,1691],{"href":7617},"the ",[15,136029,2346],{},[38,136031,136033],{"className":40,"code":136032,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136034,136035,136054,136058,136080,136095,136101],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136036,136037,136039,136041,136043,136045,136047,136050,136052],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136038,637],{"class":53},[47,136040,58],{"class":57},[47,136042,7640],{"class":97},[47,136044,101],{"class":83},[47,136046,253],{"class":61},[47,136048,136049],{"class":65},"Type yes or no: ",[47,136051,253],{"class":61},[47,136053,107],{"class":83},[47,136055,136056],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,136057,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,136059,136060,136062,136064,136066,136068,136070,136072,136074,136076,136078],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,136061,656],{"class":655},[47,136063,659],{"class":53},[47,136065,84],{"class":83},[47,136067,8038],{"class":87},[47,136069,666],{"class":83},[47,136071,669],{"class":57},[47,136073,62],{"class":61},[47,136075,644],{"class":65},[47,136077,253],{"class":61},[47,136079,679],{"class":83},[47,136081,136082,136084,136086,136088,136091,136093],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,136083,684],{"class":97},[47,136085,101],{"class":83},[47,136087,253],{"class":61},[47,136089,136090],{"class":65},"You typed yes",[47,136092,253],{"class":61},[47,136094,107],{"class":83},[47,136096,136097,136099],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,136098,26838],{"class":655},[47,136100,679],{"class":83},[47,136102,136103,136105,136107,136109,136112,136114],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,136104,684],{"class":97},[47,136106,101],{"class":83},[47,136108,253],{"class":61},[47,136110,136111],{"class":65},"You typed something else",[47,136113,253],{"class":61},[47,136115,107],{"class":83},[33,136117,136119],{"id":136118},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136121,136122,136124],{},[15,136123,1014],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136126,6742],{},[133,136128,136129,136132,136135,136138],{},[136,136130,136131],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[136,136133,136134],{},"Make text matching easier",[136,136136,136137],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[136,136139,136140],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136142,136143],{},"Example: checking user input",[38,136145,136147],{"className":40,"code":136146,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136148,136149,136167,136171,136193,136208,136214],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136150,136151,136153,136155,136157,136159,136161,136163,136165],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136152,44362],{"class":53},[47,136154,58],{"class":57},[47,136156,7640],{"class":97},[47,136158,101],{"class":83},[47,136160,253],{"class":61},[47,136162,44373],{"class":65},[47,136164,253],{"class":61},[47,136166,107],{"class":83},[47,136168,136169],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,136170,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,136172,136173,136175,136177,136179,136181,136183,136185,136187,136189,136191],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,136174,656],{"class":655},[47,136176,35255],{"class":53},[47,136178,84],{"class":83},[47,136180,8038],{"class":87},[47,136182,666],{"class":83},[47,136184,669],{"class":57},[47,136186,62],{"class":61},[47,136188,12510],{"class":65},[47,136190,253],{"class":61},[47,136192,679],{"class":83},[47,136194,136195,136197,136199,136201,136204,136206],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,136196,684],{"class":97},[47,136198,101],{"class":83},[47,136200,253],{"class":61},[47,136202,136203],{"class":65},"Nice choice!",[47,136205,253],{"class":61},[47,136207,107],{"class":83},[47,136209,136210,136212],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,136211,26838],{"class":655},[47,136213,679],{"class":83},[47,136215,136216,136218,136220,136222,136225,136227],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,136217,684],{"class":97},[47,136219,101],{"class":83},[47,136221,253],{"class":61},[47,136223,136224],{"class":65},"Got it.",[47,136226,253],{"class":61},[47,136228,107],{"class":83},[20,136230,136231],{},"Example: simple search",[38,136233,136235],{"className":40,"code":136234,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136236,136237,136250,136254,136275],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136238,136239,136241,136243,136245,136248],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136240,89410],{"class":53},[47,136242,58],{"class":57},[47,136244,62],{"class":61},[47,136246,136247],{"class":65},"Python Is Fun",[47,136249,69],{"class":61},[47,136251,136252],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,136253,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,136255,136256,136258,136260,136262,136264,136266,136269,136271,136273],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,136257,656],{"class":655},[47,136259,62],{"class":61},[47,136261,42],{"class":65},[47,136263,253],{"class":61},[47,136265,20575],{"class":57},[47,136267,136268],{"class":53}," message",[47,136270,84],{"class":83},[47,136272,8038],{"class":87},[47,136274,20997],{"class":83},[47,136276,136277,136279,136281,136283,136286,136288],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,136278,684],{"class":97},[47,136280,101],{"class":83},[47,136282,253],{"class":61},[47,136284,136285],{"class":65},"Found it",[47,136287,253],{"class":61},[47,136289,107],{"class":83},[20,136291,136292,136293,136295,136296,1032],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136294,1014],{}," is often used with ",[154,136297,136298],{"href":1046},[15,136299,1049],{},[38,136301,136303],{"className":40,"code":136302,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136304,136305,136318,136337,136341],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136306,136307,136309,136311,136313,136316],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136308,212],{"class":53},[47,136310,58],{"class":57},[47,136312,62],{"class":61},[47,136314,136315],{"class":65},"  ALICE  ",[47,136317,69],{"class":61},[47,136319,136320,136323,136325,136327,136329,136331,136333,136335],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,136321,136322],{"class":53},"clean_name ",[47,136324,58],{"class":57},[47,136326,478],{"class":53},[47,136328,84],{"class":83},[47,136330,1105],{"class":87},[47,136332,8035],{"class":83},[47,136334,8038],{"class":87},[47,136336,91],{"class":83},[47,136338,136339],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,136340,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,136342,136343,136345,136347,136350,136352],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,136344,98],{"class":97},[47,136346,101],{"class":83},[47,136348,136349],{"class":87},"clean_name",[47,136351,3057],{"class":83},[47,136353,136354],{"class":113},"  # alice\n",[33,136356,14999],{"id":14998},[20,136358,380,136359,136361],{},[121,136360,383],{}," in Python.",[20,136363,136364,136365,136367],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136366,1014],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136369,136370,136371,136373],{},"So this does ",[121,136372,123],{}," update the original variable:",[38,136375,136377],{"className":40,"code":136376,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136378,136379,136391,136401,136405],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136380,136381,136383,136385,136387,136389],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136382,54],{"class":53},[47,136384,58],{"class":57},[47,136386,62],{"class":61},[47,136388,1002],{"class":65},[47,136390,69],{"class":61},[47,136392,136393,136395,136397,136399],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,136394,565],{"class":53},[47,136396,84],{"class":83},[47,136398,8038],{"class":87},[47,136400,91],{"class":83},[47,136402,136403],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,136404,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,136406,136407,136409,136411,136413,136415],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,136408,98],{"class":97},[47,136410,101],{"class":83},[47,136412,565],{"class":87},[47,136414,3057],{"class":83},[47,136416,136417],{"class":113},"  # HELLO\n",[20,136419,136420],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[38,136422,136424],{"className":40,"code":136423,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136425,136426,136438,136452,136456],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136427,136428,136430,136432,136434,136436],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136429,54],{"class":53},[47,136431,58],{"class":57},[47,136433,62],{"class":61},[47,136435,1002],{"class":65},[47,136437,69],{"class":61},[47,136439,136440,136442,136444,136446,136448,136450],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,136441,54],{"class":53},[47,136443,58],{"class":57},[47,136445,80],{"class":53},[47,136447,84],{"class":83},[47,136449,8038],{"class":87},[47,136451,91],{"class":83},[47,136453,136454],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,136455,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,136457,136458,136460,136462,136464,136466],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,136459,98],{"class":97},[47,136461,101],{"class":83},[47,136463,565],{"class":87},[47,136465,3057],{"class":83},[47,136467,135767],{"class":113},[33,136469,722],{"id":721},[724,136471,25091],{"id":25090},[20,136473,136474,136475,10492,136477,84],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,136476,8038],{},[15,136478,1014],{},[20,136480,737],{},[38,136482,136484],{"className":40,"code":136483,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,136485,136486,136498],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136487,136488,136490,136492,136494,136496],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136489,54],{"class":53},[47,136491,58],{"class":57},[47,136493,62],{"class":61},[47,136495,1002],{"class":65},[47,136497,69],{"class":61},[47,136499,136500,136502,136504,136506,136508,136510],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,136501,98],{"class":97},[47,136503,101],{"class":83},[47,136505,565],{"class":87},[47,136507,84],{"class":83},[47,136509,8038],{"class":24153},[47,136511,107],{"class":83},[20,136513,136514],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,136516,788],{},[38,136518,136520],{"className":40,"code":136519,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136521,136522,136534],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136523,136524,136526,136528,136530,136532],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136525,54],{"class":53},[47,136527,58],{"class":57},[47,136529,62],{"class":61},[47,136531,1002],{"class":65},[47,136533,69],{"class":61},[47,136535,136536,136538,136540,136542,136544,136546],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,136537,98],{"class":97},[47,136539,101],{"class":83},[47,136541,565],{"class":87},[47,136543,84],{"class":83},[47,136545,8038],{"class":87},[47,136547,236],{"class":83},[724,136549,136551],{"id":136550},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,136553,136554],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,136556,737],{},[38,136558,136560],{"className":40,"code":136559,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,136561,136562,136574,136584],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136563,136564,136566,136568,136570,136572],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136565,54],{"class":53},[47,136567,58],{"class":57},[47,136569,62],{"class":61},[47,136571,1002],{"class":65},[47,136573,69],{"class":61},[47,136575,136576,136578,136580,136582],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,136577,565],{"class":53},[47,136579,84],{"class":83},[47,136581,8038],{"class":87},[47,136583,91],{"class":83},[47,136585,136586,136588,136590,136592,136594],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,136587,98],{"class":97},[47,136589,101],{"class":83},[47,136591,565],{"class":87},[47,136593,3057],{"class":83},[47,136595,136596],{"class":113},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,136598,788],{},[38,136600,136602],{"className":40,"code":136601,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136603,136604,136616,136630],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136605,136606,136608,136610,136612,136614],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136607,54],{"class":53},[47,136609,58],{"class":57},[47,136611,62],{"class":61},[47,136613,1002],{"class":65},[47,136615,69],{"class":61},[47,136617,136618,136620,136622,136624,136626,136628],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,136619,54],{"class":53},[47,136621,58],{"class":57},[47,136623,80],{"class":53},[47,136625,84],{"class":83},[47,136627,8038],{"class":87},[47,136629,91],{"class":83},[47,136631,136632,136634,136636,136638,136640],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,136633,98],{"class":97},[47,136635,101],{"class":83},[47,136637,565],{"class":87},[47,136639,3057],{"class":83},[47,136641,135767],{"class":113},[724,136643,7816,136645,847],{"id":136644},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,136646,1014],{},[20,136648,136649,136651],{},[15,136650,1014],{}," only works on strings.",[20,136653,737],{},[38,136655,136657],{"className":40,"code":136656,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,136658,136659,136667],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136660,136661,136663,136665],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136662,864],{"class":53},[47,136664,58],{"class":57},[47,136666,869],{"class":586},[47,136668,136669,136671,136673,136675,136677,136679],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,136670,98],{"class":97},[47,136672,101],{"class":83},[47,136674,878],{"class":87},[47,136676,84],{"class":83},[47,136678,8038],{"class":87},[47,136680,236],{"class":83},[20,136682,136683,136684,894],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,136685,1014],{},[20,136687,136688],{},"You can check the type first:",[38,136690,136692],{"className":40,"code":136691,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136693,136694,136706,136710,136724],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136695,136696,136698,136700,136702,136704],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136697,54],{"class":53},[47,136699,58],{"class":57},[47,136701,62],{"class":61},[47,136703,1002],{"class":65},[47,136705,69],{"class":61},[47,136707,136708],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,136709,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,136711,136712,136714,136716,136718,136720,136722],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,136713,98],{"class":97},[47,136715,101],{"class":83},[47,136717,2613],{"class":919},[47,136719,101],{"class":83},[47,136721,565],{"class":87},[47,136723,1419],{"class":83},[47,136725,136726,136728,136730,136732,136734,136736],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,136727,98],{"class":97},[47,136729,101],{"class":83},[47,136731,565],{"class":87},[47,136733,84],{"class":83},[47,136735,8038],{"class":87},[47,136737,236],{"class":83},[724,136739,136741],{"id":136740},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,136743,136744],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[38,136746,136748],{"className":40,"code":136747,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,136749,136750,136762,136766,136783,136798,136804],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136751,136752,136754,136756,136758,136760],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136753,637],{"class":53},[47,136755,58],{"class":57},[47,136757,62],{"class":61},[47,136759,715],{"class":65},[47,136761,69],{"class":61},[47,136763,136764],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,136765,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,136767,136768,136770,136773,136775,136777,136779,136781],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,136769,656],{"class":655},[47,136771,136772],{"class":53}," answer ",[47,136774,4085],{"class":57},[47,136776,62],{"class":61},[47,136778,644],{"class":65},[47,136780,253],{"class":61},[47,136782,679],{"class":83},[47,136784,136785,136787,136789,136791,136794,136796],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,136786,684],{"class":97},[47,136788,101],{"class":83},[47,136790,253],{"class":61},[47,136792,136793],{"class":65},"Match",[47,136795,253],{"class":61},[47,136797,107],{"class":83},[47,136799,136800,136802],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,136801,26838],{"class":655},[47,136803,679],{"class":83},[47,136805,136806,136808,136810,136812,136815,136817],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,136807,684],{"class":97},[47,136809,101],{"class":83},[47,136811,253],{"class":61},[47,136813,136814],{"class":65},"No match",[47,136816,253],{"class":61},[47,136818,107],{"class":83},[20,136820,28465,136821,1063,136824,136827,136828,84],{},[15,136822,136823],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,136825,136826],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,136829,136814],{},[20,136831,136832],{},"Better:",[38,136834,136836],{"className":40,"code":136835,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,136837,136838,136850,136854,136876],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136839,136840,136842,136844,136846,136848],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136841,637],{"class":53},[47,136843,58],{"class":57},[47,136845,62],{"class":61},[47,136847,715],{"class":65},[47,136849,69],{"class":61},[47,136851,136852],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,136853,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,136855,136856,136858,136860,136862,136864,136866,136868,136870,136872,136874],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,136857,656],{"class":655},[47,136859,659],{"class":53},[47,136861,84],{"class":83},[47,136863,8038],{"class":87},[47,136865,666],{"class":83},[47,136867,669],{"class":57},[47,136869,62],{"class":61},[47,136871,644],{"class":65},[47,136873,253],{"class":61},[47,136875,679],{"class":83},[47,136877,136878,136880,136882,136884,136886,136888],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,136879,684],{"class":97},[47,136881,101],{"class":83},[47,136883,253],{"class":61},[47,136885,136793],{"class":65},[47,136887,253],{"class":61},[47,136889,107],{"class":83},[724,136891,43616,136893,136896],{"id":136892},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,136894,136895],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,136898,136899,136900,136902],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,136901,1014],{}," is enough.",[20,136904,136905,136906,136908,136909,84],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,136907,136895],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,136910,1014],{},[20,136912,136913,136914,121995],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,136915,1014],{},[33,136917,136919,9985,136921],{"id":136918},"lower-vs-upper",[15,136920,1014],{},[15,136922,17],{},[20,136924,136925,1063,136927,136929],{},[15,136926,1014],{},[15,136928,17],{}," are very similar.",[133,136931,136932,136937,136942,136945],{},[136,136933,136934,136936],{},[15,136935,1014],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[136,136938,136939,136941],{},[15,136940,17],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[136,136943,136944],{},"Both return new strings",[136,136946,136947],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,136949,538],{},[38,136951,136953],{"className":40,"code":136952,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,136954,136955,136967,136971,136987],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136956,136957,136959,136961,136963,136965],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136958,54],{"class":53},[47,136960,58],{"class":57},[47,136962,62],{"class":61},[47,136964,66],{"class":65},[47,136966,69],{"class":61},[47,136968,136969],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,136970,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,136972,136973,136975,136977,136979,136981,136983,136985],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,136974,98],{"class":97},[47,136976,101],{"class":83},[47,136978,565],{"class":87},[47,136980,84],{"class":83},[47,136982,8038],{"class":87},[47,136984,135764],{"class":83},[47,136986,135666],{"class":113},[47,136988,136989,136991,136993,136995,136997,136999,137001],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,136990,98],{"class":97},[47,136992,101],{"class":83},[47,136994,565],{"class":87},[47,136996,84],{"class":83},[47,136998,88],{"class":87},[47,137000,135764],{"class":83},[47,137002,137003],{"class":113},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137005,137006,137007,84],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[154,137008,1286,137010,1289],{"href":137009},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137011,17],{},[33,137013,1155],{"id":1154},[724,137015,1159,137017,1162],{"id":137016},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137018,1014],{},[20,137020,137021],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[724,137023,1159,137025,1171],{"id":137024},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137026,1014],{},[20,137028,137029,137030,84],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137031,137032],{},"string.lower()",[724,137034,4540,137036,12115],{"id":137035},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137037,1014],{},[20,137039,137040],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[724,137042,1190,137044,137046],{"id":137043},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137045,1014],{}," on user input?",[20,137048,137049,137050,137052],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137051,2346],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[724,137054,4578,137056,1063,137058,1883],{"id":137055},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137057,1014],{},[15,137059,136895],{},[20,137061,137062,137064,137065,137067],{},[15,137063,1014],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137066,136895],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[33,137069,1275],{"id":1274},[133,137071,137072,137076,137082,137088,137094,137098,137102,137108],{},[136,137073,137074],{},[154,137075,50380],{"href":161},[136,137077,137078],{},[154,137079,1286,137080,1289],{"href":137009},[15,137081,17],{},[136,137083,137084],{},[154,137085,1286,137086,1289],{"href":1046},[15,137087,1049],{},[136,137089,137090],{},[154,137091,1286,137092,1289],{"href":1018},[15,137093,1021],{},[136,137095,137096],{},[154,137097,1313],{"href":1312},[136,137099,137100],{},[154,137101,1307],{"href":1306},[136,137103,137104],{},[154,137105,2968,137106,2901],{"href":7617},[15,137107,2346],{},[136,137109,137110],{},[154,137111,1318],{"href":156},[1320,137113,137114],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":137116},[137117,137119,137120,137121,137122,137123,137124,137133,137135,137147],{"id":135676,"depth":72,"text":137118},"What lower() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":267,"depth":72,"text":268},{"id":16820,"depth":72,"text":16821},{"id":136118,"depth":72,"text":136119},{"id":14998,"depth":72,"text":14999},{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722,"children":137125},[137126,137127,137128,137130,137131],{"id":25090,"depth":94,"text":25091},{"id":136550,"depth":94,"text":136551},{"id":136644,"depth":94,"text":137129},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":136740,"depth":94,"text":136741},{"id":136892,"depth":94,"text":137132},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":136918,"depth":72,"text":137134},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":137136},[137137,137139,137141,137143,137145],{"id":137016,"depth":94,"text":137138},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137024,"depth":94,"text":137140},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137035,"depth":94,"text":137142},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137043,"depth":94,"text":137144},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137055,"depth":94,"text":137146},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":135593,"description":137148},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137155,"title":137156,"body":137157,"description":138706,"extension":1354,"meta":138707,"navigation":311,"path":138708,"seo":138709,"stem":138710,"__hash__":138711},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137158,"toc":138667},[137159,137164,137169,137175,137190,137192,137252,137254,137263,137269,137274,137279,137281,137295,137299,137301,137348,137350,137368,137370,137373,137444,137446,137460,137463,137475,137484,137488,137493,137498,137502,137568,137570,137579,137583,137648,137650,137659,137662,137667,137671,137676,137680,137741,137743,137752,137756,137759,137815,137817,137826,137829,137842,137844,137848,137855,137917,137919,137932,137938,137941,137948,137953,137958,137961,137969,137971,138032,138034,138042,138045,138092,138095,138142,138144,138149,138166,138173,138178,138231,138233,138241,138243,138300,138302,138310,138314,138361,138363,138371,138379,138383,138431,138433,138442,138447,138498,138500,138509,138516,138519,138540,138542,138547,138550,138554,138557,138561,138564,138591,138597,138600,138627,138632,138634,138636,138664],[10,137160,13,137162,18],{"id":137161},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137163,1021],{},[20,137165,22,137166,137168],{},[15,137167,1021],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137170,137171,137172,137174],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137173,1021],{},". You will learn:",[133,137176,137177,137181,137184,137187],{},[136,137178,25423,137179,131],{},[15,137180,1021],{},[136,137182,137183],{},"how its syntax works",[136,137185,137186],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[136,137188,137189],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[33,137191,36],{"id":35},[38,137193,137195],{"className":40,"code":137194,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137196,137197,137210,137242],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137198,137199,137201,137203,137205,137208],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137200,54],{"class":53},[47,137202,58],{"class":57},[47,137204,62],{"class":61},[47,137206,137207],{"class":65},"I like cats",[47,137209,69],{"class":61},[47,137211,137212,137214,137216,137218,137220,137222,137224,137226,137229,137231,137233,137235,137238,137240],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,137213,129575],{"class":53},[47,137215,58],{"class":57},[47,137217,80],{"class":53},[47,137219,84],{"class":83},[47,137221,34402],{"class":87},[47,137223,101],{"class":83},[47,137225,253],{"class":61},[47,137227,137228],{"class":65},"cats",[47,137230,253],{"class":61},[47,137232,590],{"class":83},[47,137234,62],{"class":61},[47,137236,137237],{"class":65},"dogs",[47,137239,253],{"class":61},[47,137241,107],{"class":83},[47,137243,137244,137246,137248,137250],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,137245,98],{"class":97},[47,137247,101],{"class":83},[47,137249,129606],{"class":87},[47,137251,107],{"class":83},[20,137253,338],{},[38,137255,137257],{"className":40,"code":137256,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"I like dogs\n",[15,137258,137259],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137260,137261],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137262,137256],{"class":53},[20,137264,1486,137265,137268],{},[15,137266,137267],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[33,137270,128,137272,131],{"id":137271},"what-replace-does",[15,137273,1021],{},[20,137275,137276,137278],{},[15,137277,1021],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137280,12452],{},[133,137282,137283,137285,137287,137290],{},[136,137284,146],{},[136,137286,149],{},[136,137288,137289],{},"It works on exact matches",[136,137291,137292,137293],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137294,40663],{},[20,137296,152,137297,84],{},[154,137298,162],{"href":161},[33,137300,4831],{"id":4830},[38,137302,137304],{"className":40,"code":137303,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137305,137306,137326],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137307,137308,137310,137312,137314,137316,137319,137321,137324],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137309,179],{"class":53},[47,137311,84],{"class":83},[47,137313,34402],{"class":87},[47,137315,101],{"class":83},[47,137317,137318],{"class":87},"old",[47,137320,590],{"class":83},[47,137322,137323],{"class":87}," new",[47,137325,107],{"class":83},[47,137327,137328,137330,137332,137334,137336,137338,137340,137342,137344,137346],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,137329,179],{"class":53},[47,137331,84],{"class":83},[47,137333,34402],{"class":87},[47,137335,101],{"class":83},[47,137337,137318],{"class":87},[47,137339,590],{"class":83},[47,137341,137323],{"class":87},[47,137343,590],{"class":83},[47,137345,49006],{"class":87},[47,137347,107],{"class":83},[724,137349,16797],{"id":16796},[133,137351,137352,137357,137363],{},[136,137353,137354,137356],{},[15,137355,137318],{}," = the text to find",[136,137358,137359,137362],{},[15,137360,137361],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[136,137364,137365,137367],{},[15,137366,40663],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[33,137369,5188],{"id":5187},[20,137371,137372],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[38,137374,137376],{"className":40,"code":137375,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137377,137378,137390,137420,137424,137434],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137379,137380,137382,137384,137386,137388],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137381,54],{"class":53},[47,137383,58],{"class":57},[47,137385,62],{"class":61},[47,137387,137207],{"class":65},[47,137389,69],{"class":61},[47,137391,137392,137394,137396,137398,137400,137402,137404,137406,137408,137410,137412,137414,137416,137418],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,137393,129575],{"class":53},[47,137395,58],{"class":57},[47,137397,80],{"class":53},[47,137399,84],{"class":83},[47,137401,34402],{"class":87},[47,137403,101],{"class":83},[47,137405,253],{"class":61},[47,137407,137228],{"class":65},[47,137409,253],{"class":61},[47,137411,590],{"class":83},[47,137413,62],{"class":61},[47,137415,137237],{"class":65},[47,137417,253],{"class":61},[47,137419,107],{"class":83},[47,137421,137422],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,137423,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,137425,137426,137428,137430,137432],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,137427,98],{"class":97},[47,137429,101],{"class":83},[47,137431,565],{"class":87},[47,137433,107],{"class":83},[47,137435,137436,137438,137440,137442],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,137437,98],{"class":97},[47,137439,101],{"class":83},[47,137441,129606],{"class":87},[47,137443,107],{"class":83},[20,137445,338],{},[38,137447,137449],{"className":40,"code":137448,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,137450,137451,137456],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137452,137453],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137454,137455],{"class":53},"I like cats\n",[47,137457,137458],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,137459,137256],{"class":53},[20,137461,137462],{},"Notice what happened:",[133,137464,137465,137470],{},[136,137466,137467,137469],{},[15,137468,565],{}," did not change",[136,137471,137472,137474],{},[15,137473,129606],{}," contains the updated value",[20,137476,137477,137478,137480,137481,137483],{},"This happens because strings are ",[121,137479,383],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,137482,1021],{}," return a new string instead.",[33,137485,137487],{"id":137486},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,137489,89104,137490,137492],{},[15,137491,1021],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,137494,137495,137496,36026],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,137497,40663],{},[724,137499,137501],{"id":137500},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[38,137503,137505],{"className":40,"code":137504,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137506,137507,137520,137554,137558],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137508,137509,137511,137513,137515,137518],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137510,54],{"class":53},[47,137512,58],{"class":57},[47,137514,62],{"class":61},[47,137516,137517],{"class":65},"cat cat cat",[47,137519,69],{"class":61},[47,137521,137522,137524,137526,137528,137530,137532,137534,137536,137538,137540,137542,137544,137546,137548,137550,137552],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,137523,75],{"class":53},[47,137525,58],{"class":57},[47,137527,80],{"class":53},[47,137529,84],{"class":83},[47,137531,34402],{"class":87},[47,137533,101],{"class":83},[47,137535,253],{"class":61},[47,137537,36452],{"class":65},[47,137539,253],{"class":61},[47,137541,590],{"class":83},[47,137543,62],{"class":61},[47,137545,57533],{"class":65},[47,137547,253],{"class":61},[47,137549,590],{"class":83},[47,137551,4898],{"class":586},[47,137553,107],{"class":83},[47,137555,137556],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,137557,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,137559,137560,137562,137564,137566],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,137561,98],{"class":97},[47,137563,101],{"class":83},[47,137565,104],{"class":87},[47,137567,107],{"class":83},[20,137569,338],{},[38,137571,137573],{"className":40,"code":137572,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dog cat cat\n",[15,137574,137575],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137576,137577],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137578,137572],{"class":53},[724,137580,137582],{"id":137581},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[38,137584,137586],{"className":40,"code":137585,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137587,137588,137600,137634,137638],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137589,137590,137592,137594,137596,137598],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137591,54],{"class":53},[47,137593,58],{"class":57},[47,137595,62],{"class":61},[47,137597,137517],{"class":65},[47,137599,69],{"class":61},[47,137601,137602,137604,137606,137608,137610,137612,137614,137616,137618,137620,137622,137624,137626,137628,137630,137632],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,137603,75],{"class":53},[47,137605,58],{"class":57},[47,137607,80],{"class":53},[47,137609,84],{"class":83},[47,137611,34402],{"class":87},[47,137613,101],{"class":83},[47,137615,253],{"class":61},[47,137617,36452],{"class":65},[47,137619,253],{"class":61},[47,137621,590],{"class":83},[47,137623,62],{"class":61},[47,137625,57533],{"class":65},[47,137627,253],{"class":61},[47,137629,590],{"class":83},[47,137631,2382],{"class":586},[47,137633,107],{"class":83},[47,137635,137636],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,137637,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,137639,137640,137642,137644,137646],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,137641,98],{"class":97},[47,137643,101],{"class":83},[47,137645,104],{"class":87},[47,137647,107],{"class":83},[20,137649,338],{},[38,137651,137653],{"className":40,"code":137652,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dog dog cat\n",[15,137654,137655],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137656,137657],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137658,137652],{"class":53},[20,137660,137661],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,137663,137664,137665,84],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[154,137666,127463],{"href":123916},[33,137668,137670],{"id":137669},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,137672,137673,137675],{},[15,137674,1021],{}," can also change single characters.",[724,137677,137679],{"id":137678},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[38,137681,137683],{"className":40,"code":137682,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137684,137685,137697,137727,137731],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137686,137687,137689,137691,137693,137695],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137688,54],{"class":53},[47,137690,58],{"class":57},[47,137692,62],{"class":61},[47,137694,288],{"class":65},[47,137696,69],{"class":61},[47,137698,137699,137701,137703,137705,137707,137709,137711,137713,137715,137717,137719,137721,137723,137725],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,137700,75],{"class":53},[47,137702,58],{"class":57},[47,137704,80],{"class":53},[47,137706,84],{"class":83},[47,137708,34402],{"class":87},[47,137710,101],{"class":83},[47,137712,253],{"class":61},[47,137714,154],{"class":65},[47,137716,253],{"class":61},[47,137718,590],{"class":83},[47,137720,62],{"class":61},[47,137722,59879],{"class":65},[47,137724,253],{"class":61},[47,137726,107],{"class":83},[47,137728,137729],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,137730,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,137732,137733,137735,137737,137739],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,137734,98],{"class":97},[47,137736,101],{"class":83},[47,137738,104],{"class":87},[47,137740,107],{"class":83},[20,137742,338],{},[38,137744,137746],{"className":40,"code":137745,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"bonono\n",[15,137747,137748],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137749,137750],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137751,137745],{"class":53},[724,137753,137755],{"id":137754},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,137757,137758],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[38,137760,137762],{"className":40,"code":137761,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137763,137764,137777,137801,137805],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137765,137766,137768,137770,137772,137775],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137767,54],{"class":53},[47,137769,58],{"class":57},[47,137771,62],{"class":61},[47,137773,137774],{"class":65},"a b c",[47,137776,69],{"class":61},[47,137778,137779,137781,137783,137785,137787,137789,137791,137793,137795,137797,137799],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,137780,75],{"class":53},[47,137782,58],{"class":57},[47,137784,80],{"class":53},[47,137786,84],{"class":83},[47,137788,34402],{"class":87},[47,137790,101],{"class":83},[47,137792,253],{"class":61},[47,137794,62],{"class":61},[47,137796,590],{"class":83},[47,137798,5527],{"class":61},[47,137800,107],{"class":83},[47,137802,137803],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,137804,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,137806,137807,137809,137811,137813],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,137808,98],{"class":97},[47,137810,101],{"class":83},[47,137812,104],{"class":87},[47,137814,107],{"class":83},[20,137816,338],{},[38,137818,137820],{"className":40,"code":137819,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"abc\n",[15,137821,137822],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137823,137824],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137825,137819],{"class":53},[20,137827,137828],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,137830,137831,137832,137836,137837,137841],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[154,137833,1286,137834,1289],{"href":128425},[15,137835,59937],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[154,137838,1286,137839,1289],{"href":1046},[15,137840,1049],{}," is often a better choice.",[33,137843,123397],{"id":123396},[20,137845,137846,123208],{},[15,137847,1021],{},[20,137849,126785,137850,1063,137852,126792],{},[15,137851,112437],{},[15,137853,137854],{},"\"Cat\"",[38,137856,137858],{"className":40,"code":137857,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137859,137860,137873,137903,137907],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137861,137862,137864,137866,137868,137871],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137863,54],{"class":53},[47,137865,58],{"class":57},[47,137867,62],{"class":61},[47,137869,137870],{"class":65},"Cat cat CAT",[47,137872,69],{"class":61},[47,137874,137875,137877,137879,137881,137883,137885,137887,137889,137891,137893,137895,137897,137899,137901],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,137876,75],{"class":53},[47,137878,58],{"class":57},[47,137880,80],{"class":53},[47,137882,84],{"class":83},[47,137884,34402],{"class":87},[47,137886,101],{"class":83},[47,137888,253],{"class":61},[47,137890,36452],{"class":65},[47,137892,253],{"class":61},[47,137894,590],{"class":83},[47,137896,62],{"class":61},[47,137898,57533],{"class":65},[47,137900,253],{"class":61},[47,137902,107],{"class":83},[47,137904,137905],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,137906,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,137908,137909,137911,137913,137915],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,137910,98],{"class":97},[47,137912,101],{"class":83},[47,137914,104],{"class":87},[47,137916,107],{"class":83},[20,137918,338],{},[38,137920,137922],{"className":40,"code":137921,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,137923,137924],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137925,137926,137929],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137927,137928],{"class":53},"Cat dog ",[47,137930,137931],{"class":353},"CAT\n",[20,137933,137934,137935,137937],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,137936,112437],{}," was replaced.",[20,137939,137940],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,137942,137943,137944,84],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[154,137945,1286,137946,1289],{"href":1011},[15,137947,1014],{},[33,137949,128,137951,11104],{"id":137950},"what-replace-returns",[15,137952,1021],{},[20,137954,137955,137957],{},[15,137956,1021],{}," returns a new string.",[20,137959,137960],{},"If no match is found:",[133,137962,137963,137966],{},[136,137964,137965],{},"no error happens",[136,137967,137968],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,137970,538],{},[38,137972,137974],{"className":40,"code":137973,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137975,137976,137988,138018,138022],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137977,137978,137980,137982,137984,137986],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137979,54],{"class":53},[47,137981,58],{"class":57},[47,137983,62],{"class":61},[47,137985,256],{"class":65},[47,137987,69],{"class":61},[47,137989,137990,137992,137994,137996,137998,138000,138002,138004,138006,138008,138010,138012,138014,138016],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,137991,75],{"class":53},[47,137993,58],{"class":57},[47,137995,80],{"class":53},[47,137997,84],{"class":83},[47,137999,34402],{"class":87},[47,138001,101],{"class":83},[47,138003,253],{"class":61},[47,138005,1567],{"class":65},[47,138007,253],{"class":61},[47,138009,590],{"class":83},[47,138011,62],{"class":61},[47,138013,11144],{"class":65},[47,138015,253],{"class":61},[47,138017,107],{"class":83},[47,138019,138020],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,138021,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,138023,138024,138026,138028,138030],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,138025,98],{"class":97},[47,138027,101],{"class":83},[47,138029,104],{"class":87},[47,138031,107],{"class":83},[20,138033,338],{},[38,138035,138036],{"className":40,"code":779,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,138037,138038],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138039,138040],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138041,779],{"class":53},[20,138043,138044],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[38,138046,138048],{"className":40,"code":138047,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138049,138050,138062],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138051,138052,138054,138056,138058,138060],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138053,54],{"class":53},[47,138055,58],{"class":57},[47,138057,62],{"class":61},[47,138059,974],{"class":65},[47,138061,69],{"class":61},[47,138063,138064,138066,138068,138070,138072,138074,138076,138078,138080,138082,138084,138086,138088,138090],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,138065,129575],{"class":53},[47,138067,58],{"class":57},[47,138069,80],{"class":53},[47,138071,84],{"class":83},[47,138073,34402],{"class":87},[47,138075,101],{"class":83},[47,138077,253],{"class":61},[47,138079,59997],{"class":65},[47,138081,253],{"class":61},[47,138083,590],{"class":83},[47,138085,62],{"class":61},[47,138087,6696],{"class":65},[47,138089,253],{"class":61},[47,138091,107],{"class":83},[20,138093,138094],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[38,138096,138098],{"className":40,"code":138097,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138099,138100,138112],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138101,138102,138104,138106,138108,138110],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138103,54],{"class":53},[47,138105,58],{"class":57},[47,138107,62],{"class":61},[47,138109,974],{"class":65},[47,138111,69],{"class":61},[47,138113,138114,138116,138118,138120,138122,138124,138126,138128,138130,138132,138134,138136,138138,138140],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,138115,54],{"class":53},[47,138117,58],{"class":57},[47,138119,80],{"class":53},[47,138121,84],{"class":83},[47,138123,34402],{"class":87},[47,138125,101],{"class":83},[47,138127,253],{"class":61},[47,138129,59997],{"class":65},[47,138131,253],{"class":61},[47,138133,590],{"class":83},[47,138135,62],{"class":61},[47,138137,6696],{"class":65},[47,138139,253],{"class":61},[47,138141,107],{"class":83},[33,138143,3915],{"id":3914},[20,138145,138146,138147,1032],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138148,1021],{},[133,138150,138151,138154,138158,138161],{},[136,138152,138153],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[136,138155,7852,138156,130956],{},[15,138157,1021],{},[136,138159,138160],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[136,138162,946,138163,138165],{},[15,138164,1021],{}," with regex-based replacements",[724,138167,138169,138170,138172],{"id":138168},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138171,1021],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138174,138175,138176,1032],{},"This does not update ",[15,138177,565],{},[38,138179,138181],{"className":40,"code":138180,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138182,138183,138195,138221],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138184,138185,138187,138189,138191,138193],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138186,54],{"class":53},[47,138188,58],{"class":57},[47,138190,62],{"class":61},[47,138192,137207],{"class":65},[47,138194,69],{"class":61},[47,138196,138197,138199,138201,138203,138205,138207,138209,138211,138213,138215,138217,138219],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,138198,565],{"class":53},[47,138200,84],{"class":83},[47,138202,34402],{"class":87},[47,138204,101],{"class":83},[47,138206,253],{"class":61},[47,138208,137228],{"class":65},[47,138210,253],{"class":61},[47,138212,590],{"class":83},[47,138214,62],{"class":61},[47,138216,137237],{"class":65},[47,138218,253],{"class":61},[47,138220,107],{"class":83},[47,138222,138223,138225,138227,138229],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,138224,98],{"class":97},[47,138226,101],{"class":83},[47,138228,565],{"class":87},[47,138230,107],{"class":83},[20,138232,338],{},[38,138234,138235],{"className":40,"code":137455,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,138236,138237],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138238,138239],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138240,137455],{"class":53},[20,138242,10207],{},[38,138244,138246],{"className":40,"code":138245,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138247,138248,138260,138290],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138249,138250,138252,138254,138256,138258],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138251,54],{"class":53},[47,138253,58],{"class":57},[47,138255,62],{"class":61},[47,138257,137207],{"class":65},[47,138259,69],{"class":61},[47,138261,138262,138264,138266,138268,138270,138272,138274,138276,138278,138280,138282,138284,138286,138288],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,138263,54],{"class":53},[47,138265,58],{"class":57},[47,138267,80],{"class":53},[47,138269,84],{"class":83},[47,138271,34402],{"class":87},[47,138273,101],{"class":83},[47,138275,253],{"class":61},[47,138277,137228],{"class":65},[47,138279,253],{"class":61},[47,138281,590],{"class":83},[47,138283,62],{"class":61},[47,138285,137237],{"class":65},[47,138287,253],{"class":61},[47,138289,107],{"class":83},[47,138291,138292,138294,138296,138298],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,138293,98],{"class":97},[47,138295,101],{"class":83},[47,138297,565],{"class":87},[47,138299,107],{"class":83},[20,138301,338],{},[38,138303,138304],{"className":40,"code":137256,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,138305,138306],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138307,138308],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138309,137256],{"class":53},[724,138311,138313],{"id":138312},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[38,138315,138317],{"className":40,"code":138316,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138318,138319,138331],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138320,138321,138323,138325,138327,138329],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138322,54],{"class":53},[47,138324,58],{"class":57},[47,138326,62],{"class":61},[47,138328,34270],{"class":65},[47,138330,69],{"class":61},[47,138332,138333,138335,138337,138339,138341,138343,138345,138347,138349,138351,138353,138355,138357,138359],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,138334,98],{"class":97},[47,138336,101],{"class":83},[47,138338,565],{"class":87},[47,138340,84],{"class":83},[47,138342,34402],{"class":87},[47,138344,101],{"class":83},[47,138346,253],{"class":61},[47,138348,256],{"class":65},[47,138350,253],{"class":61},[47,138352,590],{"class":83},[47,138354,62],{"class":61},[47,138356,89339],{"class":65},[47,138358,253],{"class":61},[47,138360,1419],{"class":83},[20,138362,338],{},[38,138364,138365],{"className":40,"code":88353,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,138366,138367],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138368,138369],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138370,88353],{"class":53},[20,138372,138373,138374,1063,138376,138378],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138375,63940],{},[15,138377,89821],{}," are not the same.",[724,138380,138382],{"id":138381},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[38,138384,138386],{"className":40,"code":138385,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138387,138388,138401],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138389,138390,138392,138394,138396,138399],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138391,54],{"class":53},[47,138393,58],{"class":57},[47,138395,62],{"class":61},[47,138397,138398],{"class":65},"red red red",[47,138400,69],{"class":61},[47,138402,138403,138405,138407,138409,138411,138413,138415,138417,138419,138421,138423,138425,138427,138429],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,138404,98],{"class":97},[47,138406,101],{"class":83},[47,138408,565],{"class":87},[47,138410,84],{"class":83},[47,138412,34402],{"class":87},[47,138414,101],{"class":83},[47,138416,253],{"class":61},[47,138418,12493],{"class":65},[47,138420,253],{"class":61},[47,138422,590],{"class":83},[47,138424,62],{"class":61},[47,138426,12510],{"class":65},[47,138428,253],{"class":61},[47,138430,1419],{"class":83},[20,138432,338],{},[38,138434,138436],{"className":40,"code":138435,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"blue blue blue\n",[15,138437,138438],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138439,138440],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138441,138435],{"class":53},[20,138443,138444,138445,1032],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,138446,40663],{},[38,138448,138450],{"className":40,"code":138449,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,138451,138452,138464],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138453,138454,138456,138458,138460,138462],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138455,54],{"class":53},[47,138457,58],{"class":57},[47,138459,62],{"class":61},[47,138461,138398],{"class":65},[47,138463,69],{"class":61},[47,138465,138466,138468,138470,138472,138474,138476,138478,138480,138482,138484,138486,138488,138490,138492,138494,138496],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,138467,98],{"class":97},[47,138469,101],{"class":83},[47,138471,565],{"class":87},[47,138473,84],{"class":83},[47,138475,34402],{"class":87},[47,138477,101],{"class":83},[47,138479,253],{"class":61},[47,138481,12493],{"class":65},[47,138483,253],{"class":61},[47,138485,590],{"class":83},[47,138487,62],{"class":61},[47,138489,12510],{"class":65},[47,138491,253],{"class":61},[47,138493,590],{"class":83},[47,138495,4898],{"class":586},[47,138497,1419],{"class":83},[20,138499,338],{},[38,138501,138503],{"className":40,"code":138502,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"blue red red\n",[15,138504,138505],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138506,138507],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138508,138502],{"class":53},[724,138510,138512,138513,138515],{"id":138511},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,138514,1021],{}," for the wrong task",[20,138517,138518],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[133,138520,138521,138528,138535],{},[136,138522,1486,138523,138527],{},[154,138524,138525],{"href":128425},[15,138526,59937],{}," to break a string into a list",[136,138529,1486,138530,138534],{},[154,138531,138532],{"href":1046},[15,138533,1049],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[136,138536,1486,138537,138539],{},[15,138538,1021],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[33,138541,1155],{"id":1154},[724,138543,1159,138545,1162],{"id":138544},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,138546,1021],{},[20,138548,138549],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[724,138551,138553],{"id":138552},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,138555,138556],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[724,138558,138560],{"id":138559},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,138562,138563],{},"Use the third argument:",[38,138565,138567],{"className":40,"code":138566,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,138568,138569],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138570,138571,138573,138575,138577,138579,138581,138583,138585,138587,138589],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138572,565],{"class":53},[47,138574,84],{"class":83},[47,138576,34402],{"class":87},[47,138578,101],{"class":83},[47,138580,137318],{"class":87},[47,138582,590],{"class":83},[47,138584,137323],{"class":87},[47,138586,590],{"class":83},[47,138588,4898],{"class":586},[47,138590,107],{"class":83},[724,138592,4568,138594,138596],{"id":138593},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,138595,1021],{}," remove text?",[20,138598,138599],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[38,138601,138603],{"className":40,"code":138602,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,138604,138605],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138606,138607,138609,138611,138613,138615,138617,138619,138621,138623,138625],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138608,565],{"class":53},[47,138610,84],{"class":83},[47,138612,34402],{"class":87},[47,138614,101],{"class":83},[47,138616,253],{"class":61},[47,138618,1567],{"class":65},[47,138620,253],{"class":61},[47,138622,590],{"class":83},[47,138624,5527],{"class":61},[47,138626,107],{"class":83},[724,138628,14305,138630,124082],{"id":138629},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,138631,1021],{},[20,138633,129266],{},[33,138635,1275],{"id":1274},[133,138637,138638,138642,138648,138654,138660],{},[136,138639,138640],{},[154,138641,124151],{"href":123916},[136,138643,138644],{},[154,138645,1286,138646,1289],{"href":128425},[15,138647,59937],{},[136,138649,138650],{},[154,138651,1286,138652,1289],{"href":1046},[15,138653,1049],{},[136,138655,138656],{},[154,138657,1286,138658,1289],{"href":1011},[15,138659,1014],{},[136,138661,138662],{},[154,138663,162],{"href":161},[1320,138665,138666],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":138668},[138669,138670,138672,138675,138676,138680,138684,138685,138687,138695,138705],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":137271,"depth":72,"text":138671},"What replace() does",{"id":4830,"depth":72,"text":4831,"children":138673},[138674],{"id":16796,"depth":94,"text":16797},{"id":5187,"depth":72,"text":5188},{"id":137486,"depth":72,"text":137487,"children":138677},[138678,138679],{"id":137500,"depth":94,"text":137501},{"id":137581,"depth":94,"text":137582},{"id":137669,"depth":72,"text":137670,"children":138681},[138682,138683],{"id":137678,"depth":94,"text":137679},{"id":137754,"depth":94,"text":137755},{"id":123396,"depth":72,"text":123397},{"id":137950,"depth":72,"text":138686},"What replace() returns",{"id":3914,"depth":72,"text":3915,"children":138688},[138689,138691,138692,138693],{"id":138168,"depth":94,"text":138690},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138312,"depth":94,"text":138313},{"id":138381,"depth":94,"text":138382},{"id":138511,"depth":94,"text":138694},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":138696},[138697,138699,138700,138701,138703],{"id":138544,"depth":94,"text":138698},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":138552,"depth":94,"text":138553},{"id":138559,"depth":94,"text":138560},{"id":138593,"depth":94,"text":138702},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":138629,"depth":94,"text":138704},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137156,"description":138706},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":138713,"title":138714,"body":138715,"description":140734,"extension":1354,"meta":140735,"navigation":311,"path":140736,"seo":140737,"stem":140738,"__hash__":140739},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":138716,"toc":140698},[138717,138722,138727,138730,138741,138743,138798,138803,138808,138815,138817,138832,138834,138890,138892,138930,138935,138937,138961,138964,138977,138982,138984,139016,139018,139051,139057,139062,139065,139075,139078,139080,139136,139138,139188,139191,139199,139202,139258,139260,139333,139346,139354,139358,139369,139372,139375,139428,139430,139462,139465,139519,139521,139556,139559,139564,139569,139574,139577,139579,139637,139639,139673,139675,139690,139693,139695,139737,139739,139765,139770,139778,139781,139783,139865,139867,139918,139921,139932,139940,139942,140015,140017,140035,140039,140042,140046,140073,140075,140083,140087,140122,140124,140137,140141,140144,140183,140185,140202,140207,140212,140223,140226,140237,140239,140241,140267,140270,140319,140321,140338,140341,140343,140395,140397,140429,140432,140490,140495,140497,140502,140605,140607,140621,140623,140630,140635,140640,140645,140650,140655,140658,140662,140667,140669,140695],[10,138718,13,138720,18],{"id":138719},"python-string-split-method",[15,138721,59937],{},[20,138723,22,138724,138726],{},[15,138725,59937],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,138728,138729],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[133,138731,138732,138735,138738],{},[136,138733,138734],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[136,138736,138737],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[136,138739,138740],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[33,138742,36],{"id":35},[38,138744,138746],{"className":40,"code":138745,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,138747,138748,138761,138783,138793],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138749,138750,138752,138754,138756,138759],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138751,54],{"class":53},[47,138753,58],{"class":57},[47,138755,62],{"class":61},[47,138757,138758],{"class":65},"apple,banana,cherry",[47,138760,69],{"class":61},[47,138762,138763,138765,138767,138769,138771,138773,138775,138777,138779,138781],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,138764,42240],{"class":53},[47,138766,58],{"class":57},[47,138768,80],{"class":53},[47,138770,84],{"class":83},[47,138772,33874],{"class":87},[47,138774,101],{"class":83},[47,138776,253],{"class":61},[47,138778,590],{"class":65},[47,138780,253],{"class":61},[47,138782,107],{"class":83},[47,138784,138785,138787,138789,138791],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,138786,98],{"class":97},[47,138788,101],{"class":83},[47,138790,42271],{"class":87},[47,138792,107],{"class":83},[47,138794,138795],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,138796,138797],{"class":113},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,138799,1486,138800,138802],{},[15,138801,59937],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[33,138804,128,138806,131],{"id":138805},"what-split-does",[15,138807,59937],{},[20,138809,138810,131784,138812,84],{},[15,138811,59937],{},[121,138813,138814],{},"string method",[20,138816,48331],{},[133,138818,138819,138822,138827],{},[136,138820,138821],{},"divides a string into parts",[136,138823,119055,138824],{},[121,138825,138826],{},"new list of strings",[136,138828,119061,138829,138831],{},[121,138830,123],{}," change the original string",[20,138833,538],{},[38,138835,138837],{"className":40,"code":138836,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,138838,138839,138852,138866,138870,138880],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138840,138841,138843,138845,138847,138850],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138842,54],{"class":53},[47,138844,58],{"class":57},[47,138846,62],{"class":61},[47,138848,138849],{"class":65},"red blue green",[47,138851,69],{"class":61},[47,138853,138854,138856,138858,138860,138862,138864],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,138855,42240],{"class":53},[47,138857,58],{"class":57},[47,138859,80],{"class":53},[47,138861,84],{"class":83},[47,138863,33874],{"class":87},[47,138865,91],{"class":83},[47,138867,138868],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,138869,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,138871,138872,138874,138876,138878],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,138873,98],{"class":97},[47,138875,101],{"class":83},[47,138877,565],{"class":87},[47,138879,107],{"class":83},[47,138881,138882,138884,138886,138888],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,138883,98],{"class":97},[47,138885,101],{"class":83},[47,138887,42271],{"class":87},[47,138889,107],{"class":83},[20,138891,338],{},[38,138893,138895],{"className":40,"code":138894,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,138896,138897,138902],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138898,138899],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138900,138901],{"class":53},"red blue green\n",[47,138903,138904,138906,138908,138910,138912,138914,138916,138918,138920,138922,138924,138926,138928],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,138905,3296],{"class":83},[47,138907,2693],{"class":61},[47,138909,12493],{"class":65},[47,138911,2693],{"class":61},[47,138913,590],{"class":83},[47,138915,2688],{"class":61},[47,138917,12510],{"class":65},[47,138919,2693],{"class":61},[47,138921,590],{"class":83},[47,138923,2688],{"class":61},[47,138925,16858],{"class":65},[47,138927,2693],{"class":61},[47,138929,3030],{"class":83},[20,138931,138932,138933,84],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[154,138934,162],{"href":161},[33,138936,166],{"id":165},[38,138938,138940],{"className":40,"code":138939,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,138941,138942],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138943,138944,138946,138948,138950,138952,138954,138956,138959],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138945,179],{"class":53},[47,138947,84],{"class":83},[47,138949,33874],{"class":87},[47,138951,101],{"class":83},[47,138953,133139],{"class":87},[47,138955,590],{"class":83},[47,138957,138958],{"class":87}," maxsplit",[47,138960,107],{"class":83},[20,138962,138963],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[133,138965,138966,138971],{},[136,138967,138968,138970],{},[15,138969,133139],{}," tells Python where to split",[136,138972,138973,138976],{},[15,138974,138975],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,138978,8272,138979,138981],{},[15,138980,133139],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,138983,538],{},[38,138985,138987],{"className":40,"code":138986,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,138988,138989,139002],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138990,138991,138993,138995,138997,139000],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138992,54],{"class":53},[47,138994,58],{"class":57},[47,138996,62],{"class":61},[47,138998,138999],{"class":65},"one two three",[47,139001,69],{"class":61},[47,139003,139004,139006,139008,139010,139012,139014],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,139005,98],{"class":97},[47,139007,101],{"class":83},[47,139009,565],{"class":87},[47,139011,84],{"class":83},[47,139013,33874],{"class":87},[47,139015,236],{"class":83},[20,139017,338],{},[38,139019,139021],{"className":40,"code":139020,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139022,139023],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139024,139025,139027,139029,139031,139033,139035,139037,139039,139041,139043,139045,139047,139049],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139026,3296],{"class":83},[47,139028,2693],{"class":61},[47,139030,5985],{"class":65},[47,139032,2693],{"class":61},[47,139034,590],{"class":83},[47,139036,2688],{"class":61},[47,139038,78676],{"class":65},[47,139040,2693],{"class":61},[47,139042,590],{"class":83},[47,139044,2688],{"class":61},[47,139046,133621],{"class":65},[47,139048,2693],{"class":61},[47,139050,3030],{"class":83},[33,139052,7816,139054,139056],{"id":139053},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139055,59937],{}," with no separator",[20,139058,69580,139059,139061],{},[15,139060,59937],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139063,139064],{},"Whitespace includes:",[133,139066,139067,139069,139072],{},[136,139068,9851],{},[136,139070,139071],{},"tabs",[136,139073,139074],{},"new lines",[20,139076,139077],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139079,538],{},[38,139081,139083],{"className":40,"code":139082,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139084,139085,139108,139122,139126],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139086,139087,139089,139091,139093,139096,139099,139101,139103,139106],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139088,54],{"class":53},[47,139090,58],{"class":57},[47,139092,62],{"class":61},[47,139094,139095],{"class":65},"Python   is",[47,139097,139098],{"class":353},"\\t",[47,139100,132876],{"class":65},[47,139102,86557],{"class":353},[47,139104,139105],{"class":65},"and useful",[47,139107,69],{"class":61},[47,139109,139110,139112,139114,139116,139118,139120],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,139111,42240],{"class":53},[47,139113,58],{"class":57},[47,139115,80],{"class":53},[47,139117,84],{"class":83},[47,139119,33874],{"class":87},[47,139121,91],{"class":83},[47,139123,139124],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,139125,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,139127,139128,139130,139132,139134],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,139129,98],{"class":97},[47,139131,101],{"class":83},[47,139133,42271],{"class":87},[47,139135,107],{"class":83},[20,139137,338],{},[38,139139,139141],{"className":40,"code":139140,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139142,139143],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139144,139145,139147,139149,139151,139153,139155,139157,139159,139161,139163,139165,139167,139169,139171,139173,139175,139177,139179,139181,139184,139186],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139146,3296],{"class":83},[47,139148,2693],{"class":61},[47,139150,6696],{"class":65},[47,139152,2693],{"class":61},[47,139154,590],{"class":83},[47,139156,2688],{"class":61},[47,139158,11593],{"class":65},[47,139160,2693],{"class":61},[47,139162,590],{"class":83},[47,139164,2688],{"class":61},[47,139166,132876],{"class":65},[47,139168,2693],{"class":61},[47,139170,590],{"class":83},[47,139172,2688],{"class":61},[47,139174,129501],{"class":65},[47,139176,2693],{"class":61},[47,139178,590],{"class":83},[47,139180,2688],{"class":61},[47,139182,139183],{"class":65},"useful",[47,139185,2693],{"class":61},[47,139187,3030],{"class":83},[20,139189,139190],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[724,139192,139194,9985,139196],{"id":139193},"split-vs-split",[15,139195,59937],{},[15,139197,139198],{},"split(' ')",[20,139200,139201],{},"These are not the same.",[38,139203,139205],{"className":40,"code":139204,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139206,139207,139220,139224,139238],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139208,139209,139211,139213,139215,139218],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139210,54],{"class":53},[47,139212,58],{"class":57},[47,139214,62],{"class":61},[47,139216,139217],{"class":65},"a  b   c",[47,139219,69],{"class":61},[47,139221,139222],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,139223,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,139225,139226,139228,139230,139232,139234,139236],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,139227,98],{"class":97},[47,139229,101],{"class":83},[47,139231,565],{"class":87},[47,139233,84],{"class":83},[47,139235,33874],{"class":87},[47,139237,236],{"class":83},[47,139239,139240,139242,139244,139246,139248,139250,139252,139254,139256],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,139241,98],{"class":97},[47,139243,101],{"class":83},[47,139245,565],{"class":87},[47,139247,84],{"class":83},[47,139249,33874],{"class":87},[47,139251,101],{"class":83},[47,139253,253],{"class":61},[47,139255,62],{"class":61},[47,139257,1419],{"class":83},[20,139259,338],{},[38,139261,139263],{"className":40,"code":139262,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139264,139265,139293],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139266,139267,139269,139271,139273,139275,139277,139279,139281,139283,139285,139287,139289,139291],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139268,3296],{"class":83},[47,139270,2693],{"class":61},[47,139272,154],{"class":65},[47,139274,2693],{"class":61},[47,139276,590],{"class":83},[47,139278,2688],{"class":61},[47,139280,4158],{"class":65},[47,139282,2693],{"class":61},[47,139284,590],{"class":83},[47,139286,2688],{"class":61},[47,139288,9138],{"class":65},[47,139290,2693],{"class":61},[47,139292,3030],{"class":83},[47,139294,139295,139297,139299,139301,139303,139305,139307,139309,139311,139313,139315,139317,139319,139321,139323,139325,139327,139329,139331],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,139296,3296],{"class":83},[47,139298,2693],{"class":61},[47,139300,154],{"class":65},[47,139302,2693],{"class":61},[47,139304,590],{"class":83},[47,139306,3235],{"class":61},[47,139308,590],{"class":83},[47,139310,2688],{"class":61},[47,139312,4158],{"class":65},[47,139314,2693],{"class":61},[47,139316,590],{"class":83},[47,139318,3235],{"class":61},[47,139320,590],{"class":83},[47,139322,3235],{"class":61},[47,139324,590],{"class":83},[47,139326,2688],{"class":61},[47,139328,9138],{"class":65},[47,139330,2693],{"class":61},[47,139332,3030],{"class":83},[133,139334,139335,139340],{},[136,139336,139337,139339],{},[15,139338,59937],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[136,139341,139342,139345],{},[15,139343,139344],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139347,139348,139349,139353],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[154,139350,1286,139351,1289],{"href":1046},[15,139352,1049],{}," is often useful.",[33,139355,139357],{"id":139356},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139359,139360,139361,712,139364,716,139366,84],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139362,139363],{},"\",\"",[15,139365,132975],{},[15,139367,139368],{},"\"::\"",[20,139370,139371],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139373,139374],{},"Example with commas:",[38,139376,139378],{"className":40,"code":139377,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139379,139380,139392,139414,139418],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139381,139382,139384,139386,139388,139390],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139383,54],{"class":53},[47,139385,58],{"class":57},[47,139387,62],{"class":61},[47,139389,138758],{"class":65},[47,139391,69],{"class":61},[47,139393,139394,139396,139398,139400,139402,139404,139406,139408,139410,139412],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,139395,42240],{"class":53},[47,139397,58],{"class":57},[47,139399,80],{"class":53},[47,139401,84],{"class":83},[47,139403,33874],{"class":87},[47,139405,101],{"class":83},[47,139407,253],{"class":61},[47,139409,590],{"class":65},[47,139411,253],{"class":61},[47,139413,107],{"class":83},[47,139415,139416],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,139417,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,139419,139420,139422,139424,139426],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,139421,98],{"class":97},[47,139423,101],{"class":83},[47,139425,42271],{"class":87},[47,139427,107],{"class":83},[20,139429,338],{},[38,139431,139432],{"className":40,"code":77855,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,139433,139434],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139435,139436,139438,139440,139442,139444,139446,139448,139450,139452,139454,139456,139458,139460],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139437,3296],{"class":83},[47,139439,2693],{"class":61},[47,139441,3475],{"class":65},[47,139443,2693],{"class":61},[47,139445,590],{"class":83},[47,139447,2688],{"class":61},[47,139449,288],{"class":65},[47,139451,2693],{"class":61},[47,139453,590],{"class":83},[47,139455,2688],{"class":61},[47,139457,3492],{"class":65},[47,139459,2693],{"class":61},[47,139461,3030],{"class":83},[20,139463,139464],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[38,139466,139468],{"className":40,"code":139467,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139469,139470,139483,139505,139509],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139471,139472,139474,139476,139478,139481],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139473,54],{"class":53},[47,139475,58],{"class":57},[47,139477,62],{"class":61},[47,139479,139480],{"class":65},"2024::10::31",[47,139482,69],{"class":61},[47,139484,139485,139487,139489,139491,139493,139495,139497,139499,139501,139503],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,139486,42240],{"class":53},[47,139488,58],{"class":57},[47,139490,80],{"class":53},[47,139492,84],{"class":83},[47,139494,33874],{"class":87},[47,139496,101],{"class":83},[47,139498,253],{"class":61},[47,139500,76072],{"class":65},[47,139502,253],{"class":61},[47,139504,107],{"class":83},[47,139506,139507],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,139508,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,139510,139511,139513,139515,139517],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,139512,98],{"class":97},[47,139514,101],{"class":83},[47,139516,42271],{"class":87},[47,139518,107],{"class":83},[20,139520,338],{},[38,139522,139524],{"className":40,"code":139523,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,139525,139526],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139527,139528,139530,139532,139535,139537,139539,139541,139543,139545,139547,139549,139552,139554],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139529,3296],{"class":83},[47,139531,2693],{"class":61},[47,139533,139534],{"class":65},"2024",[47,139536,2693],{"class":61},[47,139538,590],{"class":83},[47,139540,2688],{"class":61},[47,139542,1719],{"class":65},[47,139544,2693],{"class":61},[47,139546,590],{"class":83},[47,139548,2688],{"class":61},[47,139550,139551],{"class":65},"31",[47,139553,2693],{"class":61},[47,139555,3030],{"class":83},[20,139557,139558],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,139560,139561,139562,84],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[154,139563,128422],{"href":128421},[33,139565,7816,139567],{"id":139566},"using-maxsplit",[15,139568,138975],{},[20,139570,139571,139573],{},[15,139572,138975],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,139575,139576],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,139578,538],{},[38,139580,139582],{"className":40,"code":139581,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139583,139584,139597,139623,139627],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139585,139586,139588,139590,139592,139595],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139587,54],{"class":53},[47,139589,58],{"class":57},[47,139591,62],{"class":61},[47,139593,139594],{"class":65},"name:age:city:country",[47,139596,69],{"class":61},[47,139598,139599,139601,139603,139605,139607,139609,139611,139613,139615,139617,139619,139621],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,139600,42240],{"class":53},[47,139602,58],{"class":57},[47,139604,80],{"class":53},[47,139606,84],{"class":83},[47,139608,33874],{"class":87},[47,139610,101],{"class":83},[47,139612,253],{"class":61},[47,139614,1032],{"class":65},[47,139616,253],{"class":61},[47,139618,590],{"class":83},[47,139620,2382],{"class":586},[47,139622,107],{"class":83},[47,139624,139625],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,139626,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,139628,139629,139631,139633,139635],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,139630,98],{"class":97},[47,139632,101],{"class":83},[47,139634,42271],{"class":87},[47,139636,107],{"class":83},[20,139638,338],{},[38,139640,139642],{"className":40,"code":139641,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,139643,139644],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139645,139646,139648,139650,139652,139654,139656,139658,139660,139662,139664,139666,139669,139671],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139647,3296],{"class":83},[47,139649,2693],{"class":61},[47,139651,229],{"class":65},[47,139653,2693],{"class":61},[47,139655,590],{"class":83},[47,139657,2688],{"class":61},[47,139659,8697],{"class":65},[47,139661,2693],{"class":61},[47,139663,590],{"class":83},[47,139665,2688],{"class":61},[47,139667,139668],{"class":65},"city:country",[47,139670,2693],{"class":61},[47,139672,3030],{"class":83},[20,139674,1572],{},[133,139676,139677,139682,139687],{},[136,139678,139679,139680],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,139681,1032],{},[136,139683,139684,139685],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,139686,1032],{},[136,139688,139689],{},"then stops",[20,139691,139692],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,139694,51484],{},[38,139696,139698],{"className":40,"code":139697,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,139699,139700,139713],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139701,139702,139704,139706,139708,139711],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139703,54],{"class":53},[47,139705,58],{"class":57},[47,139707,62],{"class":61},[47,139709,139710],{"class":65},"apple banana cherry grape",[47,139712,69],{"class":61},[47,139714,139715,139717,139719,139721,139723,139725,139727,139729,139731,139733,139735],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,139716,98],{"class":97},[47,139718,101],{"class":83},[47,139720,565],{"class":87},[47,139722,84],{"class":83},[47,139724,33874],{"class":87},[47,139726,101],{"class":83},[47,139728,253],{"class":61},[47,139730,62],{"class":61},[47,139732,590],{"class":83},[47,139734,4898],{"class":586},[47,139736,1419],{"class":83},[20,139738,338],{},[38,139740,139742],{"className":40,"code":139741,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,139743,139744],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139745,139746,139748,139750,139752,139754,139756,139758,139761,139763],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139747,3296],{"class":83},[47,139749,2693],{"class":61},[47,139751,3475],{"class":65},[47,139753,2693],{"class":61},[47,139755,590],{"class":83},[47,139757,2688],{"class":61},[47,139759,139760],{"class":65},"banana cherry grape",[47,139762,2693],{"class":61},[47,139764,3030],{"class":83},[33,139766,128,139768,11104],{"id":139767},"what-split-returns",[15,139769,59937],{},[20,139771,139772,139773,139775,139776,84],{},"The result of ",[15,139774,59937],{}," is always a ",[121,139777,7492],{},[20,139779,139780],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,139782,538],{},[38,139784,139786],{"className":40,"code":139785,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,139787,139788,139801,139823,139827,139837,139851],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139789,139790,139792,139794,139796,139799],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139791,54],{"class":53},[47,139793,58],{"class":57},[47,139795,62],{"class":61},[47,139797,139798],{"class":65},"cat,dog,bird",[47,139800,69],{"class":61},[47,139802,139803,139805,139807,139809,139811,139813,139815,139817,139819,139821],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,139804,42240],{"class":53},[47,139806,58],{"class":57},[47,139808,80],{"class":53},[47,139810,84],{"class":83},[47,139812,33874],{"class":87},[47,139814,101],{"class":83},[47,139816,253],{"class":61},[47,139818,590],{"class":65},[47,139820,253],{"class":61},[47,139822,107],{"class":83},[47,139824,139825],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,139826,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,139828,139829,139831,139833,139835],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,139830,98],{"class":97},[47,139832,101],{"class":83},[47,139834,42271],{"class":87},[47,139836,107],{"class":83},[47,139838,139839,139841,139843,139845,139847,139849],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,139840,98],{"class":97},[47,139842,101],{"class":83},[47,139844,2613],{"class":919},[47,139846,101],{"class":83},[47,139848,42271],{"class":87},[47,139850,1419],{"class":83},[47,139852,139853,139855,139857,139859,139861,139863],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,139854,98],{"class":97},[47,139856,101],{"class":83},[47,139858,42271],{"class":87},[47,139860,3296],{"class":83},[47,139862,1514],{"class":586},[47,139864,3284],{"class":83},[20,139866,338],{},[38,139868,139870],{"className":40,"code":139869,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,139871,139872,139900,139914],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139873,139874,139876,139878,139880,139882,139884,139886,139888,139890,139892,139894,139896,139898],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139875,3296],{"class":83},[47,139877,2693],{"class":61},[47,139879,36452],{"class":65},[47,139881,2693],{"class":61},[47,139883,590],{"class":83},[47,139885,2688],{"class":61},[47,139887,57533],{"class":65},[47,139889,2693],{"class":61},[47,139891,590],{"class":83},[47,139893,2688],{"class":61},[47,139895,57550],{"class":65},[47,139897,2693],{"class":61},[47,139899,3030],{"class":83},[47,139901,139902,139904,139906,139908,139910,139912],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,139903,2682],{"class":57},[47,139905,2685],{"class":1458},[47,139907,2688],{"class":61},[47,139909,7492],{"class":65},[47,139911,2693],{"class":61},[47,139913,2696],{"class":57},[47,139915,139916],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,139917,84873],{"class":53},[20,139919,139920],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[133,139922,139923,139926,139929],{},[136,139924,139925],{},"loop over it",[136,139927,139928],{},"access items by index",[136,139930,139931],{},"combine items again later",[20,139933,139934,139935,84],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[154,139936,1286,139938,1289],{"href":139937},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,139939,132818],{},[20,139941,538],{},[38,139943,139945],{"className":40,"code":139944,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,139946,139947,139979,140001,140005],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139948,139949,139951,139953,139955,139957,139959,139961,139963,139965,139967,139969,139971,139973,139975,139977],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139950,42240],{"class":53},[47,139952,58],{"class":57},[47,139954,3017],{"class":83},[47,139956,2693],{"class":61},[47,139958,36452],{"class":65},[47,139960,2693],{"class":61},[47,139962,590],{"class":83},[47,139964,2688],{"class":61},[47,139966,57533],{"class":65},[47,139968,2693],{"class":61},[47,139970,590],{"class":83},[47,139972,2688],{"class":61},[47,139974,57550],{"class":65},[47,139976,2693],{"class":61},[47,139978,3030],{"class":83},[47,139980,139981,139983,139985,139987,139989,139991,139993,139995,139997,139999],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,139982,54],{"class":53},[47,139984,58],{"class":57},[47,139986,62],{"class":61},[47,139988,1413],{"class":65},[47,139990,253],{"class":61},[47,139992,84],{"class":83},[47,139994,132895],{"class":87},[47,139996,101],{"class":83},[47,139998,42271],{"class":87},[47,140000,107],{"class":83},[47,140002,140003],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,140004,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,140006,140007,140009,140011,140013],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,140008,98],{"class":97},[47,140010,101],{"class":83},[47,140012,565],{"class":87},[47,140014,107],{"class":83},[20,140016,338],{},[38,140018,140020],{"className":40,"code":140019,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140021,140022],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140023,140024,140026,140028,140030,140032],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140025,36452],{"class":53},[47,140027,1413],{"class":57},[47,140029,57533],{"class":53},[47,140031,1413],{"class":57},[47,140033,140034],{"class":53},"bird\n",[33,140036,140038],{"id":140037},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140040,140041],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[724,140043,140045],{"id":140044},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[38,140047,140049],{"className":40,"code":140048,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140050,140051,140059],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140052,140053,140055,140057],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140054,54],{"class":53},[47,140056,58],{"class":57},[47,140058,7280],{"class":61},[47,140060,140061,140063,140065,140067,140069,140071],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,140062,98],{"class":97},[47,140064,101],{"class":83},[47,140066,565],{"class":87},[47,140068,84],{"class":83},[47,140070,33874],{"class":87},[47,140072,236],{"class":83},[20,140074,338],{},[38,140076,140077],{"className":40,"code":37702,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,140078,140079],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140080,140081],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140082,37702],{"class":83},[724,140084,140086],{"id":140085},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[38,140088,140090],{"className":40,"code":140089,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140091,140092,140100],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140093,140094,140096,140098],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140095,54],{"class":53},[47,140097,58],{"class":57},[47,140099,7280],{"class":61},[47,140101,140102,140104,140106,140108,140110,140112,140114,140116,140118,140120],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,140103,98],{"class":97},[47,140105,101],{"class":83},[47,140107,565],{"class":87},[47,140109,84],{"class":83},[47,140111,33874],{"class":87},[47,140113,101],{"class":83},[47,140115,253],{"class":61},[47,140117,590],{"class":65},[47,140119,253],{"class":61},[47,140121,1419],{"class":83},[20,140123,338],{},[38,140125,140127],{"className":40,"code":140126,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['']\n",[15,140128,140129],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140130,140131,140133,140135],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140132,3296],{"class":83},[47,140134,3169],{"class":61},[47,140136,3030],{"class":83},[724,140138,140140],{"id":140139},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140142,140143],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[38,140145,140147],{"className":40,"code":140146,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140148,140149,140161],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140150,140151,140153,140155,140157,140159],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140152,54],{"class":53},[47,140154,58],{"class":57},[47,140156,62],{"class":61},[47,140158,256],{"class":65},[47,140160,69],{"class":61},[47,140162,140163,140165,140167,140169,140171,140173,140175,140177,140179,140181],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,140164,98],{"class":97},[47,140166,101],{"class":83},[47,140168,565],{"class":87},[47,140170,84],{"class":83},[47,140172,33874],{"class":87},[47,140174,101],{"class":83},[47,140176,253],{"class":61},[47,140178,590],{"class":65},[47,140180,253],{"class":61},[47,140182,1419],{"class":83},[20,140184,338],{},[38,140186,140188],{"className":40,"code":140187,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['hello']\n",[15,140189,140190],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140191,140192,140194,140196,140198,140200],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140193,3296],{"class":83},[47,140195,2693],{"class":61},[47,140197,256],{"class":65},[47,140199,2693],{"class":61},[47,140201,3030],{"class":83},[33,140203,603,140205],{"id":140204},"when-to-use-split",[15,140206,59937],{},[20,140208,1486,140209,140211],{},[15,140210,59937],{}," when you need to:",[133,140213,140214,140217,140220],{},[136,140215,140216],{},"split a sentence into words",[136,140218,140219],{},"split comma-separated values",[136,140221,140222],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140224,140225],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[133,140227,140228,140231,140234],{},[136,140229,140230],{},"cleaning text",[136,140232,140233],{},"parsing user input",[136,140235,140236],{},"processing simple file content",[33,140238,722],{"id":721},[20,140240,83645],{},[133,140242,140243,140247,140253,140256,140264],{},[136,140244,49910,140245,130956],{},[15,140246,59937],{},[136,140248,140249,140250,140252],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140251,59937],{}," returns a list, not a string",[136,140254,140255],{},"using the wrong separator",[136,140257,140258,140259,140261,140262],{},"assuming ",[15,140260,139198],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140263,59937],{},[136,140265,140266],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140268,140269],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[38,140271,140273],{"className":40,"code":140272,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140274,140275,140287,140305,140309],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140276,140277,140279,140281,140283,140285],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140278,54],{"class":53},[47,140280,58],{"class":57},[47,140282,62],{"class":61},[47,140284,42233],{"class":65},[47,140286,69],{"class":61},[47,140288,140289,140291,140293,140295,140297,140299,140301,140303],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,140290,565],{"class":53},[47,140292,84],{"class":83},[47,140294,33874],{"class":87},[47,140296,101],{"class":83},[47,140298,253],{"class":61},[47,140300,590],{"class":65},[47,140302,253],{"class":61},[47,140304,107],{"class":83},[47,140306,140307],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,140308,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,140310,140311,140313,140315,140317],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,140312,98],{"class":97},[47,140314,101],{"class":83},[47,140316,565],{"class":87},[47,140318,107],{"class":83},[20,140320,338],{},[38,140322,140324],{"className":40,"code":140323,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a,b,c\n",[15,140325,140326],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140327,140328,140330,140332,140334,140336],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140329,154],{"class":53},[47,140331,590],{"class":83},[47,140333,4158],{"class":53},[47,140335,590],{"class":83},[47,140337,68652],{"class":53},[20,140339,140340],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140342,10207],{},[38,140344,140345],{"className":40,"code":42220,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,140346,140347,140359,140381,140385],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140348,140349,140351,140353,140355,140357],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140350,54],{"class":53},[47,140352,58],{"class":57},[47,140354,62],{"class":61},[47,140356,42233],{"class":65},[47,140358,69],{"class":61},[47,140360,140361,140363,140365,140367,140369,140371,140373,140375,140377,140379],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,140362,42240],{"class":53},[47,140364,58],{"class":57},[47,140366,80],{"class":53},[47,140368,84],{"class":83},[47,140370,33874],{"class":87},[47,140372,101],{"class":83},[47,140374,253],{"class":61},[47,140376,590],{"class":65},[47,140378,253],{"class":61},[47,140380,107],{"class":83},[47,140382,140383],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,140384,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,140386,140387,140389,140391,140393],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,140388,98],{"class":97},[47,140390,101],{"class":83},[47,140392,42271],{"class":87},[47,140394,107],{"class":83},[20,140396,338],{},[38,140398,140399],{"className":40,"code":42278,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,140400,140401],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140402,140403,140405,140407,140409,140411,140413,140415,140417,140419,140421,140423,140425,140427],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140404,3296],{"class":83},[47,140406,2693],{"class":61},[47,140408,154],{"class":65},[47,140410,2693],{"class":61},[47,140412,590],{"class":83},[47,140414,2688],{"class":61},[47,140416,4158],{"class":65},[47,140418,2693],{"class":61},[47,140420,590],{"class":83},[47,140422,2688],{"class":61},[47,140424,9138],{"class":65},[47,140426,2693],{"class":61},[47,140428,3030],{"class":83},[20,140430,140431],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[38,140433,140435],{"className":40,"code":140434,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,140436,140437,140450,140472,140476],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140438,140439,140441,140443,140445,140448],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140440,54],{"class":53},[47,140442,58],{"class":57},[47,140444,62],{"class":61},[47,140446,140447],{"class":65},"apple,banana",[47,140449,69],{"class":61},[47,140451,140452,140454,140456,140458,140460,140462,140464,140466,140468,140470],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,140453,42240],{"class":53},[47,140455,58],{"class":57},[47,140457,80],{"class":53},[47,140459,84],{"class":83},[47,140461,33874],{"class":87},[47,140463,101],{"class":83},[47,140465,253],{"class":61},[47,140467,590],{"class":65},[47,140469,253],{"class":61},[47,140471,107],{"class":83},[47,140473,140474],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,140475,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,140477,140478,140480,140482,140484,140486,140488],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,140479,98],{"class":97},[47,140481,101],{"class":83},[47,140483,42271],{"class":87},[47,140485,3296],{"class":83},[47,140487,1449],{"class":586},[47,140489,3284],{"class":83},[20,140491,140492,140493,84],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[154,140494,68665],{"href":68664},[724,140496,60116],{"id":60115},[20,140498,8272,140499,140501],{},[15,140500,59937],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[38,140503,140505],{"className":40,"code":140504,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,140506,140507,140517,140531,140553,140579],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140508,140509,140511,140513,140515],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140510,98],{"class":97},[47,140512,101],{"class":83},[47,140514,565],{"class":87},[47,140516,107],{"class":83},[47,140518,140519,140521,140523,140525,140527,140529],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,140520,98],{"class":97},[47,140522,101],{"class":83},[47,140524,565],{"class":87},[47,140526,84],{"class":83},[47,140528,33874],{"class":87},[47,140530,236],{"class":83},[47,140532,140533,140535,140537,140539,140541,140543,140545,140547,140549,140551],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,140534,98],{"class":97},[47,140536,101],{"class":83},[47,140538,565],{"class":87},[47,140540,84],{"class":83},[47,140542,33874],{"class":87},[47,140544,101],{"class":83},[47,140546,2693],{"class":61},[47,140548,590],{"class":65},[47,140550,2693],{"class":61},[47,140552,1419],{"class":83},[47,140554,140555,140557,140559,140561,140563,140565,140567,140569,140571,140573,140575,140577],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,140556,98],{"class":97},[47,140558,101],{"class":83},[47,140560,10562],{"class":97},[47,140562,101],{"class":83},[47,140564,565],{"class":87},[47,140566,84],{"class":83},[47,140568,33874],{"class":87},[47,140570,101],{"class":83},[47,140572,2693],{"class":61},[47,140574,590],{"class":65},[47,140576,2693],{"class":61},[47,140578,2300],{"class":83},[47,140580,140581,140583,140585,140587,140589,140591,140593,140595,140597,140599,140601,140603],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,140582,98],{"class":97},[47,140584,101],{"class":83},[47,140586,2613],{"class":919},[47,140588,101],{"class":83},[47,140590,565],{"class":87},[47,140592,84],{"class":83},[47,140594,33874],{"class":87},[47,140596,101],{"class":83},[47,140598,2693],{"class":61},[47,140600,590],{"class":65},[47,140602,2693],{"class":61},[47,140604,2300],{"class":83},[20,140606,10571],{},[133,140608,140609,140612,140615,140618],{},[136,140610,140611],{},"what the original string looks like",[136,140613,140614],{},"which separator works",[136,140616,140617],{},"how many items were created",[136,140619,140620],{},"that the result is a list",[33,140622,1155],{"id":1154},[724,140624,4578,140626,1063,140628,1883],{"id":140625},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,140627,59937],{},[15,140629,139198],{},[20,140631,140632,140634],{},[15,140633,59937],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,140636,140637,140639],{},[15,140638,139198],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[724,140641,1159,140643,1162],{"id":140642},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,140644,59937],{},[20,140646,140647,140648,55884],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,140649,59937],{},[724,140651,4540,140653,39363],{"id":140652},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,140654,138975],{},[20,140656,140657],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[724,140659,140661],{"id":140660},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,140663,28465,140664,140666],{},[15,140665,59937],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[33,140668,1275],{"id":1274},[133,140670,140671,140675,140681,140687,140691],{},[136,140672,140673],{},[154,140674,129341],{"href":128421},[136,140676,140677],{},[154,140678,1286,140679,1289],{"href":139937},[15,140680,132818],{},[136,140682,140683],{},[154,140684,1286,140685,1289],{"href":1046},[15,140686,1049],{},[136,140688,140689],{},[154,140690,162],{"href":161},[136,140692,140693],{},[154,140694,68665],{"href":68664},[1320,140696,140697],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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separator",[140707],{"id":139193,"depth":94,"text":140708},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139356,"depth":72,"text":139357},{"id":139566,"depth":72,"text":140711},"Using maxsplit",{"id":139767,"depth":72,"text":140713},"What split() returns",{"id":140037,"depth":72,"text":140038,"children":140715},[140716,140717,140718],{"id":140044,"depth":94,"text":140045},{"id":140085,"depth":94,"text":140086},{"id":140139,"depth":94,"text":140140},{"id":140204,"depth":72,"text":140720},"When to use split()",{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722,"children":140722},[140723],{"id":60115,"depth":94,"text":60116},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":140725},[140726,140728,140730,140732],{"id":140625,"depth":94,"text":140727},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":140642,"depth":94,"text":140729},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":140652,"depth":94,"text":140731},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":140660,"depth":94,"text":140661},{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":138714,"description":140734},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":140741,"title":140742,"body":140743,"description":142686,"extension":1354,"meta":142687,"navigation":311,"path":142688,"seo":142689,"stem":142690,"__hash__":142691},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":140744,"toc":142645},[140745,140750,140755,140762,140835,140840,140845,140850,140866,140868,140938,140940,140942,140962,140964,141009,141014,141016,141114,141119,141123,141128,141132,141135,141177,141181,141184,141229,141233,141236,141286,141290,141295,141347,141349,141354,141365,141370,141450,141452,141464,141473,141480,141495,141497,141612,141618,141622,141625,141630,141772,141775,141782,141784,141788,141796,141865,141871,141920,141925,141930,141932,141952,141954,142020,142022,142026,142029,142033,142074,142076,142109,142114,142117,142144,142146,142189,142196,142201,142211,142277,142281,142289,142294,142345,142349,142352,142354,142363,142365,142415,142417,142524,142526,142531,142538,142544,142547,142578,142583,142585,142592,142600,142609,142612,142614,142642],[10,140746,13,140748,18],{"id":140747},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,140749,1062],{},[20,140751,22,140752,140754],{},[15,140753,1062],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,140756,125806,140757,158,140759,140761],{},[15,140758,2997],{},[15,140760,3070],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[38,140763,140765],{"className":40,"code":140764,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,140766,140767,140780,140784,140809],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140768,140769,140771,140773,140775,140778],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140770,54],{"class":53},[47,140772,58],{"class":57},[47,140774,62],{"class":61},[47,140776,140777],{"class":65},"Python Beginner Help",[47,140779,69],{"class":61},[47,140781,140782],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,140783,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,140785,140786,140788,140790,140792,140794,140797,140799,140801,140803,140805,140807],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,140787,98],{"class":97},[47,140789,101],{"class":83},[47,140791,565],{"class":87},[47,140793,84],{"class":83},[47,140795,140796],{"class":87},"startswith",[47,140798,101],{"class":83},[47,140800,253],{"class":61},[47,140802,6696],{"class":65},[47,140804,253],{"class":61},[47,140806,4761],{"class":83},[47,140808,43258],{"class":113},[47,140810,140811,140813,140815,140817,140819,140821,140823,140825,140828,140830,140832],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,140812,98],{"class":97},[47,140814,101],{"class":83},[47,140816,565],{"class":87},[47,140818,84],{"class":83},[47,140820,140796],{"class":87},[47,140822,101],{"class":83},[47,140824,253],{"class":61},[47,140826,140827],{"class":65},"Beginner",[47,140829,253],{"class":61},[47,140831,4761],{"class":83},[47,140833,140834],{"class":113}," # False\n",[20,140836,1486,140837,140839],{},[15,140838,1062],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[33,140841,128,140843,131],{"id":140842},"what-startswith-does",[15,140844,1062],{},[20,140846,140847,140849],{},[15,140848,1062],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[133,140851,140852,140855,140861,140863],{},[136,140853,140854],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[136,140856,4546,140857,158,140859],{},[15,140858,2997],{},[15,140860,3070],{},[136,140862,122894],{},[136,140864,140865],{},"It works only on strings",[20,140867,538],{},[38,140869,140871],{"className":40,"code":140870,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,140872,140873,140885,140889,140914],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140874,140875,140877,140879,140881,140883],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140876,212],{"class":53},[47,140878,58],{"class":57},[47,140880,62],{"class":61},[47,140882,6696],{"class":65},[47,140884,69],{"class":61},[47,140886,140887],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,140888,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,140890,140891,140893,140895,140897,140899,140901,140903,140905,140908,140910,140912],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,140892,98],{"class":97},[47,140894,101],{"class":83},[47,140896,229],{"class":87},[47,140898,84],{"class":83},[47,140900,140796],{"class":87},[47,140902,101],{"class":83},[47,140904,253],{"class":61},[47,140906,140907],{"class":65},"Py",[47,140909,253],{"class":61},[47,140911,4761],{"class":83},[47,140913,43258],{"class":113},[47,140915,140916,140918,140920,140922,140924,140926,140928,140930,140932,140934,140936],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,140917,98],{"class":97},[47,140919,101],{"class":83},[47,140921,229],{"class":87},[47,140923,84],{"class":83},[47,140925,140796],{"class":87},[47,140927,101],{"class":83},[47,140929,253],{"class":61},[47,140931,128184],{"class":65},[47,140933,253],{"class":61},[47,140935,4761],{"class":83},[47,140937,43275],{"class":113},[33,140939,166],{"id":165},[20,140941,41788],{},[38,140943,140945],{"className":40,"code":140944,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,140946,140947],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140948,140949,140951,140953,140955,140957,140960],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140950,179],{"class":53},[47,140952,84],{"class":83},[47,140954,140796],{"class":87},[47,140956,101],{"class":83},[47,140958,140959],{"class":87},"prefix",[47,140961,107],{"class":83},[20,140963,30169],{},[38,140965,140967],{"className":40,"code":140966,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,140968,140969,140987],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140970,140971,140973,140975,140977,140979,140981,140983,140985],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140972,179],{"class":53},[47,140974,84],{"class":83},[47,140976,140796],{"class":87},[47,140978,101],{"class":83},[47,140980,140959],{"class":87},[47,140982,590],{"class":83},[47,140984,35455],{"class":87},[47,140986,107],{"class":83},[47,140988,140989,140991,140993,140995,140997,140999,141001,141003,141005,141007],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,140990,179],{"class":53},[47,140992,84],{"class":83},[47,140994,140796],{"class":87},[47,140996,101],{"class":83},[47,140998,140959],{"class":87},[47,141000,590],{"class":83},[47,141002,35455],{"class":87},[47,141004,590],{"class":83},[47,141006,64446],{"class":87},[47,141008,107],{"class":83},[20,141010,20173,141011,141013],{},[15,141012,140959],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141015,538],{},[38,141017,141019],{"className":40,"code":141018,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141020,141021,141033,141037,141062,141086],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141022,141023,141025,141027,141029,141031],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141024,54],{"class":53},[47,141026,58],{"class":57},[47,141028,62],{"class":61},[47,141030,974],{"class":65},[47,141032,69],{"class":61},[47,141034,141035],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,141036,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,141038,141039,141041,141043,141045,141047,141049,141051,141053,141055,141057,141059],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,141040,98],{"class":97},[47,141042,101],{"class":83},[47,141044,565],{"class":87},[47,141046,84],{"class":83},[47,141048,140796],{"class":87},[47,141050,101],{"class":83},[47,141052,253],{"class":61},[47,141054,256],{"class":65},[47,141056,253],{"class":61},[47,141058,4761],{"class":83},[47,141060,141061],{"class":113},"      # True\n",[47,141063,141064,141066,141068,141070,141072,141074,141076,141078,141080,141082,141084],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,141065,98],{"class":97},[47,141067,101],{"class":83},[47,141069,565],{"class":87},[47,141071,84],{"class":83},[47,141073,140796],{"class":87},[47,141075,101],{"class":83},[47,141077,253],{"class":61},[47,141079,59997],{"class":65},[47,141081,253],{"class":61},[47,141083,4761],{"class":83},[47,141085,20602],{"class":113},[47,141087,141088,141090,141092,141094,141096,141098,141100,141102,141104,141106,141108,141110,141112],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,141089,98],{"class":97},[47,141091,101],{"class":83},[47,141093,565],{"class":87},[47,141095,84],{"class":83},[47,141097,140796],{"class":87},[47,141099,101],{"class":83},[47,141101,253],{"class":61},[47,141103,59997],{"class":65},[47,141105,253],{"class":61},[47,141107,590],{"class":83},[47,141109,37048],{"class":586},[47,141111,4761],{"class":83},[47,141113,43258],{"class":113},[20,141115,141116,141117,84],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[154,141118,162],{"href":161},[33,141120,141122],{"id":141121},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141124,141125,141127],{},[15,141126,1062],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[724,141129,141130],{"id":140959},[15,141131,140959],{},[20,141133,141134],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[38,141136,141138],{"className":40,"code":141137,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141139,141140,141152],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141141,141142,141144,141146,141148,141150],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141143,54],{"class":53},[47,141145,58],{"class":57},[47,141147,62],{"class":61},[47,141149,288],{"class":65},[47,141151,69],{"class":61},[47,141153,141154,141156,141158,141160,141162,141164,141166,141168,141171,141173,141175],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,141155,98],{"class":97},[47,141157,101],{"class":83},[47,141159,565],{"class":87},[47,141161,84],{"class":83},[47,141163,140796],{"class":87},[47,141165,101],{"class":83},[47,141167,253],{"class":61},[47,141169,141170],{"class":65},"ban",[47,141172,253],{"class":61},[47,141174,4761],{"class":83},[47,141176,3060],{"class":113},[724,141178,141179],{"id":35476},[15,141180,35476],{},[20,141182,141183],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[38,141185,141187],{"className":40,"code":141186,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141188,141189,141201],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141190,141191,141193,141195,141197,141199],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141192,54],{"class":53},[47,141194,58],{"class":57},[47,141196,62],{"class":61},[47,141198,974],{"class":65},[47,141200,69],{"class":61},[47,141202,141203,141205,141207,141209,141211,141213,141215,141217,141219,141221,141223,141225,141227],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,141204,98],{"class":97},[47,141206,101],{"class":83},[47,141208,565],{"class":87},[47,141210,84],{"class":83},[47,141212,140796],{"class":87},[47,141214,101],{"class":83},[47,141216,253],{"class":61},[47,141218,59997],{"class":65},[47,141220,253],{"class":61},[47,141222,590],{"class":83},[47,141224,37048],{"class":586},[47,141226,4761],{"class":83},[47,141228,3060],{"class":113},[724,141230,141231],{"id":52065},[15,141232,52065],{},[20,141234,141235],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[38,141237,141239],{"className":40,"code":141238,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141240,141241,141253],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141242,141243,141245,141247,141249,141251],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141244,54],{"class":53},[47,141246,58],{"class":57},[47,141248,62],{"class":61},[47,141250,974],{"class":65},[47,141252,69],{"class":61},[47,141254,141255,141257,141259,141261,141263,141265,141267,141269,141272,141274,141276,141278,141280,141282,141284],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,141256,98],{"class":97},[47,141258,101],{"class":83},[47,141260,565],{"class":87},[47,141262,84],{"class":83},[47,141264,140796],{"class":87},[47,141266,101],{"class":83},[47,141268,253],{"class":61},[47,141270,141271],{"class":65},"wor",[47,141273,253],{"class":61},[47,141275,590],{"class":83},[47,141277,37048],{"class":586},[47,141279,590],{"class":83},[47,141281,53541],{"class":586},[47,141283,4761],{"class":83},[47,141285,3060],{"class":113},[724,141287,141289],{"id":141288},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141291,141292,141294],{},[15,141293,140959],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[38,141296,141298],{"className":40,"code":141297,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141299,141300,141313],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141301,141302,141304,141306,141308,141311],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141303,125823],{"class":53},[47,141305,58],{"class":57},[47,141307,62],{"class":61},[47,141309,141310],{"class":65},"img_001.png",[47,141312,69],{"class":61},[47,141314,141315,141317,141319,141321,141323,141325,141327,141329,141332,141334,141336,141338,141341,141343,141345],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,141316,98],{"class":97},[47,141318,101],{"class":83},[47,141320,125841],{"class":87},[47,141322,84],{"class":83},[47,141324,140796],{"class":87},[47,141326,4911],{"class":83},[47,141328,253],{"class":61},[47,141330,141331],{"class":65},"img_",[47,141333,253],{"class":61},[47,141335,590],{"class":83},[47,141337,62],{"class":61},[47,141339,141340],{"class":65},"photo_",[47,141342,253],{"class":61},[47,141344,50495],{"class":83},[47,141346,3060],{"class":113},[33,141348,16821],{"id":16820},[20,141350,141351,141353],{},[15,141352,1062],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[133,141355,141356,141361],{},[136,141357,141358,141360],{},[15,141359,2997],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[136,141362,141363,126425],{},[15,141364,3070],{},[20,141366,141367,141368,6572],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141369,656],{},[38,141371,141373],{"className":40,"code":141372,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141374,141375,141389,141393,141414,141429,141435],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141376,141377,141380,141382,141384,141387],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141378,141379],{"class":53},"command ",[47,141381,58],{"class":57},[47,141383,62],{"class":61},[47,141385,141386],{"class":65},"\u002Fhelp",[47,141388,69],{"class":61},[47,141390,141391],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,141392,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,141394,141395,141397,141400,141402,141404,141406,141408,141410,141412],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,141396,656],{"class":655},[47,141398,141399],{"class":53}," command",[47,141401,84],{"class":83},[47,141403,140796],{"class":87},[47,141405,101],{"class":83},[47,141407,253],{"class":61},[47,141409,126632],{"class":65},[47,141411,253],{"class":61},[47,141413,7740],{"class":83},[47,141415,141416,141418,141420,141422,141425,141427],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,141417,684],{"class":97},[47,141419,101],{"class":83},[47,141421,253],{"class":61},[47,141423,141424],{"class":65},"This looks like a command.",[47,141426,253],{"class":61},[47,141428,107],{"class":83},[47,141430,141431,141433],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,141432,26838],{"class":655},[47,141434,679],{"class":83},[47,141436,141437,141439,141441,141443,141446,141448],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,141438,684],{"class":97},[47,141440,101],{"class":83},[47,141442,253],{"class":61},[47,141444,141445],{"class":65},"This is normal text.",[47,141447,253],{"class":61},[47,141449,107],{"class":83},[20,141451,338],{},[38,141453,141455],{"className":40,"code":141454,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,141456,141457],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141458,141459,141462],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141460,141461],{"class":53},"This looks like a command",[47,141463,121785],{"class":83},[33,141465,7816,141467,8101,141469,1063,141471],{"id":141466},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,141468,1062],{},[15,141470,35476],{},[15,141472,52065],{},[20,141474,1371,141475,1063,141477,141479],{},[15,141476,35476],{},[15,141478,52065],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[133,141481,141482,141487,141492],{},[136,141483,141484,141486],{},[15,141485,35476],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[136,141488,141489,141491],{},[15,141490,52065],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[136,141493,141494],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,141496,538],{},[38,141498,141500],{"className":40,"code":141499,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,141501,141502,141514,141518,141547,141580],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141503,141504,141506,141508,141510,141512],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141505,54],{"class":53},[47,141507,58],{"class":57},[47,141509,62],{"class":61},[47,141511,138999],{"class":65},[47,141513,69],{"class":61},[47,141515,141516],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,141517,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,141519,141520,141522,141524,141526,141528,141530,141532,141534,141536,141538,141540,141542,141544],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,141521,98],{"class":97},[47,141523,101],{"class":83},[47,141525,565],{"class":87},[47,141527,84],{"class":83},[47,141529,140796],{"class":87},[47,141531,101],{"class":83},[47,141533,253],{"class":61},[47,141535,78676],{"class":65},[47,141537,253],{"class":61},[47,141539,590],{"class":83},[47,141541,1847],{"class":586},[47,141543,4761],{"class":83},[47,141545,141546],{"class":113},"        # True\n",[47,141548,141549,141551,141553,141555,141557,141559,141561,141563,141565,141567,141569,141571,141573,141576,141578],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,141550,98],{"class":97},[47,141552,101],{"class":83},[47,141554,565],{"class":87},[47,141556,84],{"class":83},[47,141558,140796],{"class":87},[47,141560,101],{"class":83},[47,141562,253],{"class":61},[47,141564,133621],{"class":65},[47,141566,253],{"class":61},[47,141568,590],{"class":83},[47,141570,5760],{"class":586},[47,141572,590],{"class":83},[47,141574,141575],{"class":586}," 13",[47,141577,4761],{"class":83},[47,141579,3060],{"class":113},[47,141581,141582,141584,141586,141588,141590,141592,141594,141596,141598,141600,141602,141604,141606,141608,141610],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,141583,98],{"class":97},[47,141585,101],{"class":83},[47,141587,565],{"class":87},[47,141589,84],{"class":83},[47,141591,140796],{"class":87},[47,141593,101],{"class":83},[47,141595,253],{"class":61},[47,141597,133621],{"class":65},[47,141599,253],{"class":61},[47,141601,590],{"class":83},[47,141603,5760],{"class":586},[47,141605,590],{"class":83},[47,141607,30348],{"class":586},[47,141609,4761],{"class":83},[47,141611,4169],{"class":113},[20,141613,141614,141615,141617],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,141616,52065],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[33,141619,141621],{"id":141620},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,141623,141624],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,141626,141627,141628,48752],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,141629,40240],{},[38,141631,141633],{"className":40,"code":141632,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,141634,141635,141649,141663,141677,141681,141705,141709,141730,141751],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141636,141637,141640,141642,141644,141647],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141638,141639],{"class":53},"filename1 ",[47,141641,58],{"class":57},[47,141643,62],{"class":61},[47,141645,141646],{"class":65},"img_101.jpg",[47,141648,69],{"class":61},[47,141650,141651,141654,141656,141658,141661],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,141652,141653],{"class":53},"filename2 ",[47,141655,58],{"class":57},[47,141657,62],{"class":61},[47,141659,141660],{"class":65},"photo_202.jpg",[47,141662,69],{"class":61},[47,141664,141665,141668,141670,141672,141675],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,141666,141667],{"class":53},"filename3 ",[47,141669,58],{"class":57},[47,141671,62],{"class":61},[47,141673,141674],{"class":65},"doc_303.jpg",[47,141676,69],{"class":61},[47,141678,141679],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,141680,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,141682,141683,141685,141687,141689,141691,141693,141695,141697,141699,141701,141703],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,141684,127035],{"class":53},[47,141686,58],{"class":57},[47,141688,8634],{"class":83},[47,141690,253],{"class":61},[47,141692,141331],{"class":65},[47,141694,253],{"class":61},[47,141696,590],{"class":83},[47,141698,62],{"class":61},[47,141700,141340],{"class":65},[47,141702,253],{"class":61},[47,141704,107],{"class":83},[47,141706,141707],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,141708,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,141710,141711,141713,141715,141718,141720,141722,141724,141726,141728],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,141712,98],{"class":97},[47,141714,101],{"class":83},[47,141716,141717],{"class":87},"filename1",[47,141719,84],{"class":83},[47,141721,140796],{"class":87},[47,141723,101],{"class":83},[47,141725,127087],{"class":87},[47,141727,4761],{"class":83},[47,141729,3060],{"class":113},[47,141731,141732,141734,141736,141739,141741,141743,141745,141747,141749],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,141733,98],{"class":97},[47,141735,101],{"class":83},[47,141737,141738],{"class":87},"filename2",[47,141740,84],{"class":83},[47,141742,140796],{"class":87},[47,141744,101],{"class":83},[47,141746,127087],{"class":87},[47,141748,4761],{"class":83},[47,141750,3060],{"class":113},[47,141752,141753,141755,141757,141760,141762,141764,141766,141768,141770],{"class":49,"line":5831},[47,141754,98],{"class":97},[47,141756,101],{"class":83},[47,141758,141759],{"class":87},"filename3",[47,141761,84],{"class":83},[47,141763,140796],{"class":87},[47,141765,101],{"class":83},[47,141767,127087],{"class":87},[47,141769,4761],{"class":83},[47,141771,4169],{"class":113},[20,141773,141774],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,141776,74177,141777,141781],{},[154,141778,1286,141779,1289],{"href":129330},[15,141780,1066],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[33,141783,123397],{"id":123396},[20,141785,141786,123208],{},[15,141787,1062],{},[20,141789,126785,141790,1063,141793,126792],{},[15,141791,141792],{},"\"Python\"",[15,141794,141795],{},"\"python\"",[38,141797,141799],{"className":40,"code":141798,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,141800,141801,141813,141817,141841],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141802,141803,141805,141807,141809,141811],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141804,54],{"class":53},[47,141806,58],{"class":57},[47,141808,62],{"class":61},[47,141810,6696],{"class":65},[47,141812,69],{"class":61},[47,141814,141815],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,141816,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,141818,141819,141821,141823,141825,141827,141829,141831,141833,141835,141837,141839],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,141820,98],{"class":97},[47,141822,101],{"class":83},[47,141824,565],{"class":87},[47,141826,84],{"class":83},[47,141828,140796],{"class":87},[47,141830,101],{"class":83},[47,141832,253],{"class":61},[47,141834,140907],{"class":65},[47,141836,253],{"class":61},[47,141838,4761],{"class":83},[47,141840,3060],{"class":113},[47,141842,141843,141845,141847,141849,141851,141853,141855,141857,141859,141861,141863],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,141844,98],{"class":97},[47,141846,101],{"class":83},[47,141848,565],{"class":87},[47,141850,84],{"class":83},[47,141852,140796],{"class":87},[47,141854,101],{"class":83},[47,141856,253],{"class":61},[47,141858,128184],{"class":65},[47,141860,253],{"class":61},[47,141862,4761],{"class":83},[47,141864,4169],{"class":113},[20,141866,126877,141867,84],{},[154,141868,141869],{"href":1011},[15,141870,1014],{},[38,141872,141874],{"className":40,"code":141873,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,141875,141876,141888,141892],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141877,141878,141880,141882,141884,141886],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141879,54],{"class":53},[47,141881,58],{"class":57},[47,141883,62],{"class":61},[47,141885,6696],{"class":65},[47,141887,69],{"class":61},[47,141889,141890],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,141891,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,141893,141894,141896,141898,141900,141902,141904,141906,141908,141910,141912,141914,141916,141918],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,141895,98],{"class":97},[47,141897,101],{"class":83},[47,141899,565],{"class":87},[47,141901,84],{"class":83},[47,141903,8038],{"class":87},[47,141905,8035],{"class":83},[47,141907,140796],{"class":87},[47,141909,101],{"class":83},[47,141911,253],{"class":61},[47,141913,128184],{"class":65},[47,141915,253],{"class":61},[47,141917,4761],{"class":83},[47,141919,3060],{"class":113},[33,141921,603,141923],{"id":141922},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,141924,1062],{},[20,141926,141927,141929],{},[15,141928,1062],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,141931,8772],{},[133,141933,141934,141937,141940,141949],{},[136,141935,141936],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[136,141938,141939],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[136,141941,141942,141943,158,141946],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,141944,141945],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,141947,141948],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[136,141950,141951],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,141953,538],{},[38,141955,141957],{"className":40,"code":141956,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,141958,141959,141972,141976,142005],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141960,141961,141963,141965,141967,141970],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141962,126603],{"class":53},[47,141964,58],{"class":57},[47,141966,62],{"class":61},[47,141968,141969],{"class":65},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[47,141971,69],{"class":61},[47,141973,141974],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,141975,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,141977,141978,141980,141983,141985,141987,141989,141991,141993,141995,141997,141999,142001,142003],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,141979,656],{"class":655},[47,141981,141982],{"class":53}," url",[47,141984,84],{"class":83},[47,141986,140796],{"class":87},[47,141988,4911],{"class":83},[47,141990,253],{"class":61},[47,141992,141945],{"class":65},[47,141994,253],{"class":61},[47,141996,590],{"class":83},[47,141998,62],{"class":61},[47,142000,141948],{"class":65},[47,142002,253],{"class":61},[47,142004,68969],{"class":83},[47,142006,142007,142009,142011,142013,142016,142018],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,142008,684],{"class":97},[47,142010,101],{"class":83},[47,142012,253],{"class":61},[47,142014,142015],{"class":65},"This looks like a web URL.",[47,142017,253],{"class":61},[47,142019,107],{"class":83},[33,142021,722],{"id":721},[20,142023,22497,142024,84],{},[15,142025,1062],{},[724,142027,138160],{"id":142028},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142030,142031,123208],{},[15,142032,1062],{},[38,142034,142036],{"className":40,"code":142035,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142037,142038,142050],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142039,142040,142042,142044,142046,142048],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142041,54],{"class":53},[47,142043,58],{"class":57},[47,142045,62],{"class":61},[47,142047,6696],{"class":65},[47,142049,69],{"class":61},[47,142051,142052,142054,142056,142058,142060,142062,142064,142066,142068,142070,142072],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,142053,98],{"class":97},[47,142055,101],{"class":83},[47,142057,565],{"class":87},[47,142059,84],{"class":83},[47,142061,140796],{"class":87},[47,142063,101],{"class":83},[47,142065,253],{"class":61},[47,142067,42],{"class":65},[47,142069,253],{"class":61},[47,142071,4761],{"class":83},[47,142073,4169],{"class":113},[20,142075,38665],{},[38,142077,142079],{"className":40,"code":142078,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142080,142081],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142082,142083,142085,142087,142089,142091,142093,142095,142097,142099,142101,142103,142105,142107],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142084,98],{"class":97},[47,142086,101],{"class":83},[47,142088,565],{"class":87},[47,142090,84],{"class":83},[47,142092,8038],{"class":87},[47,142094,8035],{"class":83},[47,142096,140796],{"class":87},[47,142098,101],{"class":83},[47,142100,253],{"class":61},[47,142102,42],{"class":65},[47,142104,253],{"class":61},[47,142106,4761],{"class":83},[47,142108,3060],{"class":113},[724,142110,29054,142112,847],{"id":142111},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142113,1062],{},[20,142115,142116],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[38,142118,142120],{"className":40,"code":142119,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142121,142122,142130,142134,142139],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142123,142124,142126,142128],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142125,1836],{"class":53},[47,142127,58],{"class":57},[47,142129,869],{"class":586},[47,142131,142132],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,142133,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,142135,142136],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,142137,142138],{"class":113},"# This will cause an error:\n",[47,142140,142141],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,142142,142143],{"class":113},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142145,38665],{},[38,142147,142149],{"className":40,"code":142148,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142150,142151,142165],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142152,142153,142155,142157,142159,142161,142163],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142154,1836],{"class":53},[47,142156,58],{"class":57},[47,142158,48308],{"class":919},[47,142160,101],{"class":83},[47,142162,49650],{"class":586},[47,142164,107],{"class":83},[47,142166,142167,142169,142171,142173,142175,142177,142179,142181,142183,142185,142187],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,142168,98],{"class":97},[47,142170,101],{"class":83},[47,142172,1863],{"class":87},[47,142174,84],{"class":83},[47,142176,140796],{"class":87},[47,142178,101],{"class":83},[47,142180,253],{"class":61},[47,142182,2377],{"class":65},[47,142184,253],{"class":61},[47,142186,4761],{"class":83},[47,142188,3060],{"class":113},[724,142190,946,142192,8101,142194],{"id":142191},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142193,1062],{},[15,142195,3278],{},[20,142197,142198,142200],{},[15,142199,1062],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142202,142203,142204,142206,142207,84],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142205,3278],{}," or methods like ",[154,142208,142209],{"href":123758},[15,142210,123743],{},[38,142212,142214],{"className":40,"code":142213,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142215,142216,142228,142232,142256],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142217,142218,142220,142222,142224,142226],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142219,54],{"class":53},[47,142221,58],{"class":57},[47,142223,62],{"class":61},[47,142225,974],{"class":65},[47,142227,69],{"class":61},[47,142229,142230],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,142231,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,142233,142234,142236,142238,142240,142242,142244,142246,142248,142250,142252,142254],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,142235,98],{"class":97},[47,142237,101],{"class":83},[47,142239,565],{"class":87},[47,142241,84],{"class":83},[47,142243,140796],{"class":87},[47,142245,101],{"class":83},[47,142247,253],{"class":61},[47,142249,59997],{"class":65},[47,142251,253],{"class":61},[47,142253,4761],{"class":83},[47,142255,4169],{"class":113},[47,142257,142258,142260,142262,142264,142266,142268,142270,142272,142274],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,142259,98],{"class":97},[47,142261,101],{"class":83},[47,142263,253],{"class":61},[47,142265,59997],{"class":65},[47,142267,253],{"class":61},[47,142269,20575],{"class":655},[47,142271,80],{"class":87},[47,142273,3057],{"class":83},[47,142275,142276],{"class":113},"           # True\n",[20,142278,135209,142279,84],{},[154,142280,126776],{"href":1312},[724,142282,4101,142284,1063,142286,142288],{"id":142283},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142285,35476],{},[15,142287,52065],{}," use index positions",[20,142290,142291,142292,84],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142293,1514],{},[38,142295,142297],{"className":40,"code":142296,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142298,142299,142312,142316],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142300,142301,142303,142305,142307,142310],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142302,54],{"class":53},[47,142304,58],{"class":57},[47,142306,62],{"class":61},[47,142308,142309],{"class":65},"abcdef",[47,142311,69],{"class":61},[47,142313,142314],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,142315,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,142317,142318,142320,142322,142324,142326,142328,142330,142332,142335,142337,142339,142341,142343],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,142319,98],{"class":97},[47,142321,101],{"class":83},[47,142323,565],{"class":87},[47,142325,84],{"class":83},[47,142327,140796],{"class":87},[47,142329,101],{"class":83},[47,142331,253],{"class":61},[47,142333,142334],{"class":65},"cd",[47,142336,253],{"class":61},[47,142338,590],{"class":83},[47,142340,2382],{"class":586},[47,142342,4761],{"class":83},[47,142344,3060],{"class":113},[724,142346,142348],{"id":142347},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142350,142351],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142353,737],{},[38,142355,142357],{"className":40,"code":142356,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142358,142359],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142360,142361],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142362,142356],{"class":113},[20,142364,788],{},[38,142366,142368],{"className":40,"code":142367,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142369,142370,142382],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142371,142372,142374,142376,142378,142380],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142373,54],{"class":53},[47,142375,58],{"class":57},[47,142377,62],{"class":61},[47,142379,6696],{"class":65},[47,142381,69],{"class":61},[47,142383,142384,142386,142388,142390,142392,142394,142396,142398,142400,142402,142404,142406,142409,142411,142413],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,142385,98],{"class":97},[47,142387,101],{"class":83},[47,142389,565],{"class":87},[47,142391,84],{"class":83},[47,142393,140796],{"class":87},[47,142395,4911],{"class":83},[47,142397,253],{"class":61},[47,142399,140907],{"class":65},[47,142401,253],{"class":61},[47,142403,590],{"class":83},[47,142405,62],{"class":61},[47,142407,142408],{"class":65},"Ja",[47,142410,253],{"class":61},[47,142412,50495],{"class":83},[47,142414,3060],{"class":113},[20,142416,31488],{},[38,142418,142420],{"className":40,"code":142419,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142421,142422,142432,142446,142468,142494],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142423,142424,142426,142428,142430],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142425,98],{"class":97},[47,142427,101],{"class":83},[47,142429,565],{"class":87},[47,142431,107],{"class":83},[47,142433,142434,142436,142438,142440,142442,142444],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,142435,98],{"class":97},[47,142437,101],{"class":83},[47,142439,2613],{"class":919},[47,142441,101],{"class":83},[47,142443,565],{"class":87},[47,142445,1419],{"class":83},[47,142447,142448,142450,142452,142454,142456,142458,142460,142462,142464,142466],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,142449,98],{"class":97},[47,142451,101],{"class":83},[47,142453,565],{"class":87},[47,142455,84],{"class":83},[47,142457,140796],{"class":87},[47,142459,101],{"class":83},[47,142461,253],{"class":61},[47,142463,140907],{"class":65},[47,142465,253],{"class":61},[47,142467,1419],{"class":83},[47,142469,142470,142472,142474,142476,142478,142480,142482,142484,142486,142488,142490,142492],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,142471,98],{"class":97},[47,142473,101],{"class":83},[47,142475,565],{"class":87},[47,142477,84],{"class":83},[47,142479,8038],{"class":87},[47,142481,8035],{"class":83},[47,142483,140796],{"class":87},[47,142485,101],{"class":83},[47,142487,253],{"class":61},[47,142489,128184],{"class":65},[47,142491,253],{"class":61},[47,142493,1419],{"class":83},[47,142495,142496,142498,142500,142502,142504,142506,142508,142510,142512,142514,142516,142518,142520,142522],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,142497,98],{"class":97},[47,142499,101],{"class":83},[47,142501,565],{"class":87},[47,142503,84],{"class":83},[47,142505,140796],{"class":87},[47,142507,4911],{"class":83},[47,142509,253],{"class":61},[47,142511,140907],{"class":65},[47,142513,253],{"class":61},[47,142515,590],{"class":83},[47,142517,62],{"class":61},[47,142519,142408],{"class":65},[47,142521,253],{"class":61},[47,142523,2300],{"class":83},[33,142525,1155],{"id":1154},[724,142527,1159,142529,127585],{"id":142528},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,142530,1062],{},[20,142532,142533,142534,158,142536,84],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,142535,2997],{},[15,142537,3070],{},[724,142539,4568,142541,142543],{"id":142540},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,142542,1062],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,142545,142546],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[38,142548,142550],{"className":40,"code":142549,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,142551,142552],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142553,142554,142556,142558,142560,142562,142564,142566,142568,142570,142572,142574,142576],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142555,565],{"class":53},[47,142557,84],{"class":83},[47,142559,140796],{"class":87},[47,142561,4911],{"class":83},[47,142563,253],{"class":61},[47,142565,154],{"class":65},[47,142567,253],{"class":61},[47,142569,590],{"class":83},[47,142571,62],{"class":61},[47,142573,4158],{"class":65},[47,142575,253],{"class":61},[47,142577,1419],{"class":83},[724,142579,14305,142581,124082],{"id":142580},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,142582,1062],{},[20,142584,129266],{},[724,142586,4578,142588,1063,142590,1883],{"id":142587},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,142589,1062],{},[15,142591,3278],{},[20,142593,142594,142596,142597,142599],{},[15,142595,1062],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,142598,3278],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[724,142601,1190,142603,1063,142605,8101,142607,1883],{"id":142602},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,142604,35476],{},[15,142606,52065],{},[15,142608,1062],{},[20,142610,142611],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[33,142613,1275],{"id":1274},[133,142615,142616,142622,142628,142634,142638],{},[136,142617,142618],{},[154,142619,1286,142620,1289],{"href":129330},[15,142621,1066],{},[136,142623,142624],{},[154,142625,1286,142626,1289],{"href":123758},[15,142627,123743],{},[136,142629,142630],{},[154,142631,1286,142632,1289],{"href":1011},[15,142633,1014],{},[136,142635,142636],{},[154,142637,1313],{"href":1312},[136,142639,142640],{},[154,142641,162],{"href":161},[1320,142643,142644],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":142646},[142647,142649,142650,142656,142657,142659,142660,142661,142663,142673,142685],{"id":140842,"depth":72,"text":142648},"What startswith() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":141121,"depth":72,"text":141122,"children":142651},[142652,142653,142654,142655],{"id":140959,"depth":94,"text":140959},{"id":35476,"depth":94,"text":35476},{"id":52065,"depth":94,"text":52065},{"id":141288,"depth":94,"text":141289},{"id":16820,"depth":72,"text":16821},{"id":141466,"depth":72,"text":142658},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":141620,"depth":72,"text":141621},{"id":123396,"depth":72,"text":123397},{"id":141922,"depth":72,"text":142662},"When to use startswith()",{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722,"children":142664},[142665,142666,142668,142670,142672],{"id":142028,"depth":94,"text":138160},{"id":142111,"depth":94,"text":142667},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142191,"depth":94,"text":142669},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142283,"depth":94,"text":142671},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142347,"depth":94,"text":142348},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":142674},[142675,142677,142679,142681,142683],{"id":142528,"depth":94,"text":142676},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142540,"depth":94,"text":142678},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":142580,"depth":94,"text":142680},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":142587,"depth":94,"text":142682},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":142602,"depth":94,"text":142684},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":140742,"description":142686},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":142693,"title":142694,"body":142695,"description":144146,"extension":1354,"meta":144147,"navigation":311,"path":144148,"seo":144149,"stem":144150,"__hash__":144151},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":142696,"toc":144116},[142697,142702,142707,142710,142712,142756,142758,142766,142771,142776,142781,142783,142801,142803,142848,142850,142864,142873,142877,142879,142881,142893,142898,142901,142933,142935,142944,142949,142952,142993,142995,143003,143005,143018,143024,143028,143031,143047,143049,143098,143100,143109,143112,143170,143172,143180,143187,143190,143243,143245,143269,143276,143282,143286,143292,143295,143306,143308,143348,143350,143358,143360,143400,143402,143411,143413,143431,143434,143441,143452,143455,143472,143474,143551,143553,143584,143587,143589,143592,143618,143620,143660,143662,143671,143681,143689,143697,143702,143707,143709,143723,143725,143776,143778,143787,143797,143799,143801,143823,143826,143905,143907,143943,143946,144021,144026,144028,144034,144039,144044,144047,144053,144056,144063,144071,144075,144083,144085,144113],[10,142698,13,142700,18],{"id":142699},"python-string-strip-method",[15,142701,1049],{},[20,142703,31723,142704,142706],{},[15,142705,1049],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,142708,142709],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[33,142711,3002],{"id":3001},[38,142713,142715],{"className":40,"code":142714,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,142716,142717,142730,142745],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142718,142719,142721,142723,142725,142728],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142720,54],{"class":53},[47,142722,58],{"class":57},[47,142724,62],{"class":61},[47,142726,142727],{"class":65},"  hello  ",[47,142729,69],{"class":61},[47,142731,142732,142735,142737,142739,142741,142743],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,142733,142734],{"class":53},"clean_text ",[47,142736,58],{"class":57},[47,142738,80],{"class":53},[47,142740,84],{"class":83},[47,142742,1105],{"class":87},[47,142744,91],{"class":83},[47,142746,142747,142749,142751,142754],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,142748,98],{"class":97},[47,142750,101],{"class":83},[47,142752,142753],{"class":87},"clean_text",[47,142755,107],{"class":83},[20,142757,338],{},[38,142759,142760],{"className":40,"code":779,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,142761,142762],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142763,142764],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142765,779],{"class":53},[20,142767,1486,142768,142770],{},[15,142769,1049],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[33,142772,128,142774,131],{"id":142773},"what-strip-does",[15,142775,1049],{},[20,142777,142778,142780],{},[15,142779,1049],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,142782,12452],{},[133,142784,142785,142789,142792,142795,142798],{},[136,142786,142787,131086],{},[15,142788,1049],{},[136,142790,142791],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[136,142793,142794],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[136,142796,142797],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[136,142799,142800],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,142802,538],{},[38,142804,142806],{"className":40,"code":142805,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,142807,142808,142820,142824,142838],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142809,142810,142812,142814,142816,142818],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142811,54],{"class":53},[47,142813,58],{"class":57},[47,142815,62],{"class":61},[47,142817,1085],{"class":65},[47,142819,69],{"class":61},[47,142821,142822],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,142823,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,142825,142826,142828,142830,142832,142834,142836],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,142827,98],{"class":97},[47,142829,101],{"class":83},[47,142831,565],{"class":87},[47,142833,84],{"class":83},[47,142835,1105],{"class":87},[47,142837,236],{"class":83},[47,142839,142840,142842,142844,142846],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,142841,98],{"class":97},[47,142843,101],{"class":83},[47,142845,565],{"class":87},[47,142847,107],{"class":83},[20,142849,338],{},[38,142851,142853],{"className":40,"code":142852,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,142854,142855,142859],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142856,142857],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142858,133751],{"class":53},[47,142860,142861],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,142862,142863],{"class":53},"  hello world\n",[20,142865,142866,142867,142869,142870,142872],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,142868,1049],{},", but the original ",[15,142871,565],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,142874,152,142875,84],{},[154,142876,162],{"href":161},[33,142878,166],{"id":165},[20,142880,25891],{},[133,142882,142883,142888],{},[136,142884,142885],{},[15,142886,142887],{},"string.strip()",[136,142889,142890],{},[15,142891,142892],{},"string.strip(chars)",[724,142894,142896],{"id":142895},"stringstrip",[15,142897,142887],{},[20,142899,142900],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[38,142902,142904],{"className":40,"code":142903,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,142905,142906,142919],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142907,142908,142910,142912,142914,142917],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142909,212],{"class":53},[47,142911,58],{"class":57},[47,142913,62],{"class":61},[47,142915,142916],{"class":65},"  Alice  ",[47,142918,69],{"class":61},[47,142920,142921,142923,142925,142927,142929,142931],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,142922,98],{"class":97},[47,142924,101],{"class":83},[47,142926,229],{"class":87},[47,142928,84],{"class":83},[47,142930,1105],{"class":87},[47,142932,236],{"class":83},[20,142934,338],{},[38,142936,142938],{"className":40,"code":142937,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Alice\n",[15,142939,142940],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142941,142942],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142943,142937],{"class":53},[724,142945,142947],{"id":142946},"stringstripchars",[15,142948,142892],{},[20,142950,142951],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[38,142953,142955],{"className":40,"code":142954,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,142956,142957,142970],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142958,142959,142961,142963,142965,142968],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142960,54],{"class":53},[47,142962,58],{"class":57},[47,142964,62],{"class":61},[47,142966,142967],{"class":65},"!!hello??",[47,142969,69],{"class":61},[47,142971,142972,142974,142976,142978,142980,142982,142984,142986,142989,142991],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,142973,98],{"class":97},[47,142975,101],{"class":83},[47,142977,565],{"class":87},[47,142979,84],{"class":83},[47,142981,1105],{"class":87},[47,142983,101],{"class":83},[47,142985,253],{"class":61},[47,142987,142988],{"class":65},"!?",[47,142990,253],{"class":61},[47,142992,1419],{"class":83},[20,142994,338],{},[38,142996,142997],{"className":40,"code":779,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,142998,142999],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143000,143001],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143002,779],{"class":53},[20,143004,83226],{},[133,143006,143007,143012],{},[136,143008,143009,143011],{},[15,143010,133994],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[136,143013,143014,143015,143017],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143016,133994],{}," does not matter",[33,143019,143021,143022],{"id":143020},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143023,1049],{},[20,143025,30290,143026,84],{},[15,143027,1049],{},[20,143029,143030],{},"It is useful for:",[133,143032,143033,143038,143041,143044],{},[136,143034,143035,143036,3281],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143037,2346],{},[136,143039,143040],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[136,143042,143043],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[136,143045,143046],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143048,47765],{},[38,143050,143052],{"className":40,"code":143051,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143053,143054,143067,143083,143087],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143055,143056,143058,143060,143062,143065],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143057,7360],{"class":53},[47,143059,58],{"class":57},[47,143061,62],{"class":61},[47,143063,143064],{"class":65},"  sam  ",[47,143066,69],{"class":61},[47,143068,143069,143072,143074,143077,143079,143081],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,143070,143071],{"class":53},"clean_username ",[47,143073,58],{"class":57},[47,143075,143076],{"class":53}," username",[47,143078,84],{"class":83},[47,143080,1105],{"class":87},[47,143082,91],{"class":83},[47,143084,143085],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,143086,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,143088,143089,143091,143093,143096],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,143090,98],{"class":97},[47,143092,101],{"class":83},[47,143094,143095],{"class":87},"clean_username",[47,143097,107],{"class":83},[20,143099,338],{},[38,143101,143103],{"className":40,"code":143102,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"sam\n",[15,143104,143105],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143106,143107],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143108,143102],{"class":53},[20,143110,143111],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[38,143113,143115],{"className":40,"code":143114,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143116,143117,143130,143134,143156],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143118,143119,143121,143123,143125,143128],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143120,637],{"class":53},[47,143122,58],{"class":57},[47,143124,62],{"class":61},[47,143126,143127],{"class":65}," yes  ",[47,143129,69],{"class":61},[47,143131,143132],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,143133,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,143135,143136,143138,143140,143142,143144,143146,143148,143150,143152,143154],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,143137,656],{"class":655},[47,143139,659],{"class":53},[47,143141,84],{"class":83},[47,143143,1105],{"class":87},[47,143145,666],{"class":83},[47,143147,669],{"class":57},[47,143149,62],{"class":61},[47,143151,644],{"class":65},[47,143153,253],{"class":61},[47,143155,679],{"class":83},[47,143157,143158,143160,143162,143164,143166,143168],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,143159,684],{"class":97},[47,143161,101],{"class":83},[47,143163,253],{"class":61},[47,143165,691],{"class":65},[47,143167,253],{"class":61},[47,143169,107],{"class":83},[20,143171,338],{},[38,143173,143174],{"className":40,"code":700,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,143175,143176],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143177,143178],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143179,700],{"class":53},[20,143181,143182,143183,84],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[154,143184,143186],{"href":143185},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143188,143189],{},"Example with file-style text:",[38,143191,143193],{"className":40,"code":143192,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143194,143195,143211,143225],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143196,143197,143200,143202,143204,143207,143209],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143198,143199],{"class":53},"line ",[47,143201,58],{"class":57},[47,143203,62],{"class":61},[47,143205,143206],{"class":65},"Python basics",[47,143208,86557],{"class":353},[47,143210,69],{"class":61},[47,143212,143213,143215,143217,143219,143221,143223],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,143214,98],{"class":97},[47,143216,101],{"class":83},[47,143218,41182],{"class":97},[47,143220,101],{"class":83},[47,143222,49],{"class":87},[47,143224,1419],{"class":83},[47,143226,143227,143229,143231,143233,143235,143237,143239,143241],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,143228,98],{"class":97},[47,143230,101],{"class":83},[47,143232,41182],{"class":97},[47,143234,101],{"class":83},[47,143236,49],{"class":87},[47,143238,84],{"class":83},[47,143240,1105],{"class":87},[47,143242,5690],{"class":83},[20,143244,338],{},[38,143246,143248],{"className":40,"code":143247,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143249,143250,143261],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143251,143252,143254,143256,143259],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143253,2693],{"class":42731},[47,143255,143206],{"class":42735},[47,143257,86557],{"class":143258},"sfi6f",[47,143260,29104],{"class":42731},[47,143262,143263,143265,143267],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,143264,2693],{"class":42731},[47,143266,143206],{"class":42735},[47,143268,29104],{"class":42731},[20,143270,7816,143271,143273,143274,84],{},[15,143272,121967],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143275,86557],{},[20,143277,143278,143279,84],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[154,143280,143281],{"href":87210},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[33,143283,143285],{"id":143284},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143287,143288,143289,84],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143290,143291],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143293,143294],{},"Python will:",[133,143296,143297,143300,143303],{},[136,143298,143299],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[136,143301,143302],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[136,143304,143305],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143307,538],{},[38,143309,143311],{"className":40,"code":143310,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143312,143313,143326],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143314,143315,143317,143319,143321,143324],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143316,54],{"class":53},[47,143318,58],{"class":57},[47,143320,62],{"class":61},[47,143322,143323],{"class":65},"??hello!!",[47,143325,69],{"class":61},[47,143327,143328,143330,143332,143334,143336,143338,143340,143342,143344,143346],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,143329,98],{"class":97},[47,143331,101],{"class":83},[47,143333,565],{"class":87},[47,143335,84],{"class":83},[47,143337,1105],{"class":87},[47,143339,101],{"class":83},[47,143341,253],{"class":61},[47,143343,142988],{"class":65},[47,143345,253],{"class":61},[47,143347,1419],{"class":83},[20,143349,338],{},[38,143351,143352],{"className":40,"code":779,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,143353,143354],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143355,143356],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143357,779],{"class":53},[20,143359,51484],{},[38,143361,143363],{"className":40,"code":143362,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143364,143365,143378],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143366,143367,143369,143371,143373,143376],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143368,54],{"class":53},[47,143370,58],{"class":57},[47,143372,62],{"class":61},[47,143374,143375],{"class":65},"abcHelloCba",[47,143377,69],{"class":61},[47,143379,143380,143382,143384,143386,143388,143390,143392,143394,143396,143398],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,143381,98],{"class":97},[47,143383,101],{"class":83},[47,143385,565],{"class":87},[47,143387,84],{"class":83},[47,143389,1105],{"class":87},[47,143391,101],{"class":83},[47,143393,253],{"class":61},[47,143395,40964],{"class":65},[47,143397,253],{"class":61},[47,143399,1419],{"class":83},[20,143401,338],{},[38,143403,143405],{"className":40,"code":143404,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"HelloC\n",[15,143406,143407],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143408,143409],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143410,143404],{"class":53},[20,143412,5635],{},[20,143414,143415,13455,143418,143420,143421,143423,143424,712,143426,716,143428,143430],{},[15,143416,143417],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[121,143419,123],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143422,40964],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143425,154],{},[15,143427,4158],{},[15,143429,9138],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,143432,143433],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,143435,143436,143437,6031],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[154,143438,143439],{"href":1018},[15,143440,1021],{},[33,143442,143444,9985,143446,9985,143449],{"id":143443},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,143445,1049],{},[15,143447,143448],{},"lstrip()",[15,143450,143451],{},"rstrip()",[20,143453,143454],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[133,143456,143457,143462,143467],{},[136,143458,143459,143461],{},[15,143460,1049],{}," removes from both ends",[136,143463,143464,143466],{},[15,143465,143448],{}," removes from the left side only",[136,143468,143469,143471],{},[15,143470,143451],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,143473,538],{},[38,143475,143477],{"className":40,"code":143476,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,143478,143479,143491,143495,143513,143532],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143480,143481,143483,143485,143487,143489],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143482,54],{"class":53},[47,143484,58],{"class":57},[47,143486,62],{"class":61},[47,143488,142727],{"class":65},[47,143490,69],{"class":61},[47,143492,143493],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,143494,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,143496,143497,143499,143501,143503,143505,143507,143509,143511],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,143498,98],{"class":97},[47,143500,101],{"class":83},[47,143502,41182],{"class":97},[47,143504,101],{"class":83},[47,143506,565],{"class":87},[47,143508,84],{"class":83},[47,143510,1105],{"class":87},[47,143512,5690],{"class":83},[47,143514,143515,143517,143519,143521,143523,143525,143527,143530],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,143516,98],{"class":97},[47,143518,101],{"class":83},[47,143520,41182],{"class":97},[47,143522,101],{"class":83},[47,143524,565],{"class":87},[47,143526,84],{"class":83},[47,143528,143529],{"class":87},"lstrip",[47,143531,5690],{"class":83},[47,143533,143534,143536,143538,143540,143542,143544,143546,143549],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,143535,98],{"class":97},[47,143537,101],{"class":83},[47,143539,41182],{"class":97},[47,143541,101],{"class":83},[47,143543,565],{"class":87},[47,143545,84],{"class":83},[47,143547,143548],{"class":87},"rstrip",[47,143550,5690],{"class":83},[20,143552,338],{},[38,143554,143556],{"className":40,"code":143555,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,143557,143558,143566,143575],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143559,143560,143562,143564],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143561,2693],{"class":42731},[47,143563,256],{"class":42735},[47,143565,29104],{"class":42731},[47,143567,143568,143570,143573],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,143569,2693],{"class":42731},[47,143571,143572],{"class":42735},"hello  ",[47,143574,29104],{"class":42731},[47,143576,143577,143579,143582],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,143578,2693],{"class":42731},[47,143580,143581],{"class":42735},"  hello",[47,143583,29104],{"class":42731},[20,143585,143586],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[33,143588,107762],{"id":107761},[20,143590,143591],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[133,143593,143594,143602,143612,143615],{},[136,143595,143596,143598,143599,143601],{},[15,143597,143417],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,143600,40933],{}," once",[136,143603,143604,143605,712,143607,716,143609,143611],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,143606,154],{},[15,143608,4158],{},[15,143610,9138],{}," from both ends",[136,143613,143614],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[136,143616,143617],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,143619,538],{},[38,143621,143623],{"className":40,"code":143622,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,143624,143625,143638],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143626,143627,143629,143631,143633,143636],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143628,125823],{"class":53},[47,143630,58],{"class":57},[47,143632,62],{"class":61},[47,143634,143635],{"class":65},"txt_report.txt",[47,143637,69],{"class":61},[47,143639,143640,143642,143644,143646,143648,143650,143652,143654,143656,143658],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,143641,98],{"class":97},[47,143643,101],{"class":83},[47,143645,125841],{"class":87},[47,143647,84],{"class":83},[47,143649,1105],{"class":87},[47,143651,101],{"class":83},[47,143653,253],{"class":61},[47,143655,125876],{"class":65},[47,143657,253],{"class":61},[47,143659,1419],{"class":83},[20,143661,338],{},[38,143663,143665],{"className":40,"code":143664,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"_report\n",[15,143666,143667],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143668,143669],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143670,143664],{"class":53},[20,143672,143673,143674,712,143676,716,143678,143680],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,143675,84],{},[15,143677,62692],{},[15,143679,1567],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,143682,53058,143683,4181,143686,143688],{},[15,143684,143685],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[121,143687,123],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,143690,143691,143692,143696],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[154,143693,143694],{"href":1018},[15,143695,1021],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[33,143698,603,143700],{"id":143699},"when-to-use-strip",[15,143701,1049],{},[20,143703,1486,143704,143706],{},[15,143705,1049],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,143708,35830],{},[133,143710,143711,143715,143717,143720],{},[136,143712,143035,143713,3281],{},[15,143714,2346],{},[136,143716,143040],{},[136,143718,143719],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[136,143721,143722],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,143724,538],{},[38,143726,143728],{"className":40,"code":143727,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,143729,143730,143744,143748,143761],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143731,143732,143735,143737,143739,143742],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143733,143734],{"class":53},"email ",[47,143736,58],{"class":57},[47,143738,62],{"class":61},[47,143740,143741],{"class":65},"  user@example.com  ",[47,143743,69],{"class":61},[47,143745,143746],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,143747,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,143749,143750,143752,143755,143757,143759],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,143751,656],{"class":655},[47,143753,143754],{"class":53}," email",[47,143756,84],{"class":83},[47,143758,1105],{"class":87},[47,143760,20997],{"class":83},[47,143762,143763,143765,143767,143769,143772,143774],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,143764,684],{"class":97},[47,143766,101],{"class":83},[47,143768,253],{"class":61},[47,143770,143771],{"class":65},"Email was entered",[47,143773,253],{"class":61},[47,143775,107],{"class":83},[20,143777,338],{},[38,143779,143781],{"className":40,"code":143780,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Email was entered\n",[15,143782,143783],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143784,143785],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143786,143780],{"class":53},[20,143788,143789,143790,143792,143793,84],{},"You may also combine ",[15,143791,1049],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[154,143794,143795],{"href":1011},[15,143796,1014],{},[33,143798,722],{"id":721},[20,143800,83645],{},[133,143802,143803,143807,143812,143817],{},[136,143804,7852,143805,130956],{},[15,143806,1049],{},[136,143808,7852,143809,143811],{},[15,143810,1049],{}," to remove text from the middle",[136,143813,7816,143814,143816],{},[15,143815,143685],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[136,143818,4101,143819,143822],{},[15,143820,143821],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,143824,143825],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[38,143827,143829],{"className":40,"code":143828,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,143830,143831,143845,143849,143859,143873,143887],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143832,143833,143835,143837,143839,143841,143843],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143834,54],{"class":53},[47,143836,58],{"class":57},[47,143838,62],{"class":61},[47,143840,143581],{"class":65},[47,143842,86557],{"class":353},[47,143844,69],{"class":61},[47,143846,143847],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,143848,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,143850,143851,143853,143855,143857],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,143852,98],{"class":97},[47,143854,101],{"class":83},[47,143856,565],{"class":87},[47,143858,107],{"class":83},[47,143860,143861,143863,143865,143867,143869,143871],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,143862,98],{"class":97},[47,143864,101],{"class":83},[47,143866,41182],{"class":97},[47,143868,101],{"class":83},[47,143870,565],{"class":87},[47,143872,1419],{"class":83},[47,143874,143875,143877,143879,143881,143883,143885],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,143876,98],{"class":97},[47,143878,101],{"class":83},[47,143880,565],{"class":87},[47,143882,84],{"class":83},[47,143884,1105],{"class":87},[47,143886,236],{"class":83},[47,143888,143889,143891,143893,143895,143897,143899,143901,143903],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,143890,98],{"class":97},[47,143892,101],{"class":83},[47,143894,41182],{"class":97},[47,143896,101],{"class":83},[47,143898,565],{"class":87},[47,143900,84],{"class":83},[47,143902,1105],{"class":87},[47,143904,5690],{"class":83},[20,143906,338],{},[38,143908,143910],{"className":40,"code":143909,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,143911,143912,143917,143921,143931,143935],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143913,143914],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143915,143916],{"class":53},"  hello\n",[47,143918,143919],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,143920,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,143922,143923,143925,143927,143929],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,143924,2693],{"class":42731},[47,143926,143581],{"class":42735},[47,143928,86557],{"class":143258},[47,143930,29104],{"class":42731},[47,143932,143933],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,143934,779],{"class":53},[47,143936,143937,143939,143941],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,143938,2693],{"class":42731},[47,143940,256],{"class":42735},[47,143942,29104],{"class":42731},[20,143944,143945],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[38,143947,143949],{"className":40,"code":143948,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,143950,143951,143961,143975,143989,144007],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143952,143953,143955,143957,143959],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143954,98],{"class":97},[47,143956,101],{"class":83},[47,143958,565],{"class":87},[47,143960,107],{"class":83},[47,143962,143963,143965,143967,143969,143971,143973],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,143964,98],{"class":97},[47,143966,101],{"class":83},[47,143968,41182],{"class":97},[47,143970,101],{"class":83},[47,143972,565],{"class":87},[47,143974,1419],{"class":83},[47,143976,143977,143979,143981,143983,143985,143987],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,143978,98],{"class":97},[47,143980,101],{"class":83},[47,143982,565],{"class":87},[47,143984,84],{"class":83},[47,143986,1105],{"class":87},[47,143988,236],{"class":83},[47,143990,143991,143993,143995,143997,143999,144001,144003,144005],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,143992,98],{"class":97},[47,143994,101],{"class":83},[47,143996,41182],{"class":97},[47,143998,101],{"class":83},[47,144000,565],{"class":87},[47,144002,84],{"class":83},[47,144004,1105],{"class":87},[47,144006,5690],{"class":83},[47,144008,144009,144011,144013,144015,144017,144019],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,144010,31558],{"class":97},[47,144012,101],{"class":83},[47,144014,920],{"class":919},[47,144016,84],{"class":83},[47,144018,1105],{"class":24153},[47,144020,107],{"class":83},[20,144022,144023,144025],{},[15,144024,121967],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[33,144027,1155],{"id":1154},[724,144029,1159,144031,144033],{"id":144030},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144032,1049],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144035,45769,144036,144038],{},[15,144037,1049],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[724,144040,1159,144042,1162],{"id":144041},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144043,1049],{},[20,144045,144046],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[724,144048,4540,144050,144052],{"id":144049},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144051,1049],{}," remove by default?",[20,144054,144055],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[724,144057,33611,144059,33614,144061,1883],{"id":144058},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144060,1049],{},[15,144062,1021],{},[20,144064,144065,144067,144068,144070],{},[15,144066,1049],{}," removes characters only from the ends. 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Explained",{"type":7,"value":145223,"toc":147049},[145224,145230,145237,145243,145245,145301,145306,145311,145316,145319,145338,145341,145343,145367,145385,145396,145398,145401,145454,145456,145464,145466,145484,145489,145492,145549,145551,145560,145563,145583,145586,145592,145597,145599,145642,145644,145652,145655,145696,145698,145707,145713,145719,145746,145748,145756,145761,145765,145777,145820,145822,145830,145835,145841,145846,145850,145852,145895,145898,145945,145947,145956,145963,145967,145970,146016,146021,146025,146027,146070,146073,146081,146083,146088,146090,146092,146111,146114,146126,146128,146147,146149,146157,146161,146163,146214,146217,146292,146294,146302,146305,146309,146311,146358,146361,146432,146434,146442,146448,146450,146525,146529,146608,146610,146618,146624,146630,146635,146640,146689,146693,146764,146767,146772,146783,146786,146797,146807,146809,146814,146839,146844,146925,146927,146952,146954,146959,146962,146968,146977,146983,146986,146992,146998,147005,147008,147010,147046],[10,145225,2968,145227,2972],{"id":145226},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145228,145229],{},"sum()",[20,145231,8520,145232,145234,145235,24167],{},[15,145233,145229],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145236,59405],{},[20,145238,145239,145240,145242],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145241,35476],{}," value and a few important limits.",[33,145244,36],{"id":35},[38,145246,145248],{"className":40,"code":145247,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145249,145250,145274,145289],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145251,145252,145254,145256,145258,145260,145262,145264,145266,145268,145270,145272],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145253,3012],{"class":53},[47,145255,58],{"class":57},[47,145257,3017],{"class":83},[47,145259,2377],{"class":586},[47,145261,590],{"class":83},[47,145263,2382],{"class":586},[47,145265,590],{"class":83},[47,145267,1841],{"class":586},[47,145269,590],{"class":83},[47,145271,1847],{"class":586},[47,145273,3030],{"class":83},[47,145275,145276,145278,145280,145283,145285,145287],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,145277,40586],{"class":53},[47,145279,58],{"class":57},[47,145281,145282],{"class":97}," sum",[47,145284,101],{"class":83},[47,145286,3044],{"class":87},[47,145288,107],{"class":83},[47,145290,145291,145293,145295,145297,145299],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,145292,98],{"class":97},[47,145294,101],{"class":83},[47,145296,40615],{"class":87},[47,145298,3057],{"class":83},[47,145300,26199],{"class":113},[20,145302,1486,145303,145305],{},[15,145304,145229],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[33,145307,128,145309,131],{"id":145308},"what-sum-does",[15,145310,145229],{},[20,145312,145313,145315],{},[15,145314,145229],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,145317,145318],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[133,145320,145321,145324,145327,145332],{},[136,145322,145323],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[136,145325,145326],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[136,145328,145329,145330],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,145331,35602],{},[136,145333,145334,145335,145337],{},"Counting ",[15,145336,2997],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,145339,145340],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[33,145342,166],{"id":165},[38,145344,145346],{"className":40,"code":145345,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,145347,145348],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145349,145350,145353,145355,145357,145359,145361,145363,145365],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145351,145352],{"class":97},"sum",[47,145354,101],{"class":83},[47,145356,3116],{"class":87},[47,145358,590],{"class":83},[47,145360,35455],{"class":8573},[47,145362,58],{"class":57},[47,145364,1514],{"class":586},[47,145366,107],{"class":83},[133,145368,145369,145374,145379],{},[136,145370,145371,145373],{},[15,145372,3116],{}," is the group of values to add",[136,145375,145376,145378],{},[15,145377,35476],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[136,145380,145381,145382],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,145383,145384],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,145386,145387,145388,145391,145392,84],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145389,145390,3116],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[154,145393,145394,24020],{"href":35599},[15,145395,35602],{},[33,145397,268],{"id":267},[20,145399,145400],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[38,145402,145404],{"className":40,"code":145403,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145405,145406,145426,145440,145444],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145407,145408,145410,145412,145414,145416,145418,145420,145422,145424],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145409,3012],{"class":53},[47,145411,58],{"class":57},[47,145413,3017],{"class":83},[47,145415,1531],{"class":586},[47,145417,590],{"class":83},[47,145419,5405],{"class":586},[47,145421,590],{"class":83},[47,145423,37341],{"class":586},[47,145425,3030],{"class":83},[47,145427,145428,145430,145432,145434,145436,145438],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,145429,40586],{"class":53},[47,145431,58],{"class":57},[47,145433,145282],{"class":97},[47,145435,101],{"class":83},[47,145437,3044],{"class":87},[47,145439,107],{"class":83},[47,145441,145442],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,145443,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,145445,145446,145448,145450,145452],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,145447,98],{"class":97},[47,145449,101],{"class":83},[47,145451,40615],{"class":87},[47,145453,107],{"class":83},[20,145455,338],{},[38,145457,145458],{"className":40,"code":69246,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,145459,145460],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145461,145462],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145463,69246],{"class":586},[20,145465,11082],{},[133,145467,145468,145473,145479],{},[136,145469,145470,145472],{},[15,145471,3044],{}," contains three integers",[136,145474,145475,145478],{},[15,145476,145477],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[136,145480,145481,145482],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,145483,40615],{},[33,145485,36017,145487,7832],{"id":145486},"using-the-start-value",[15,145488,35476],{},[20,145490,145491],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[38,145493,145495],{"className":40,"code":145494,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145496,145497,145517,145535,145539],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145498,145499,145501,145503,145505,145507,145509,145511,145513,145515],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145500,3012],{"class":53},[47,145502,58],{"class":57},[47,145504,3017],{"class":83},[47,145506,2377],{"class":586},[47,145508,590],{"class":83},[47,145510,2382],{"class":586},[47,145512,590],{"class":83},[47,145514,1841],{"class":586},[47,145516,3030],{"class":83},[47,145518,145519,145521,145523,145525,145527,145529,145531,145533],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,145520,40586],{"class":53},[47,145522,58],{"class":57},[47,145524,145282],{"class":97},[47,145526,101],{"class":83},[47,145528,3044],{"class":87},[47,145530,590],{"class":83},[47,145532,5405],{"class":586},[47,145534,107],{"class":83},[47,145536,145537],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,145538,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,145540,145541,145543,145545,145547],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,145542,98],{"class":97},[47,145544,101],{"class":83},[47,145546,40615],{"class":87},[47,145548,107],{"class":83},[20,145550,338],{},[38,145552,145554],{"className":40,"code":145553,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"16\n",[15,145555,145556],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145557,145558],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145559,145553],{"class":586},[20,145561,145562],{},"This works like:",[133,145564,145565,145570,145575,145579],{},[136,145566,145567,145568],{},"Start at ",[15,145569,1719],{},[136,145571,145572,145573],{},"Add ",[15,145574,2377],{},[136,145576,145572,145577],{},[15,145578,1449],{},[136,145580,145572,145581],{},[15,145582,1455],{},[20,145584,145585],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[33,145587,128,145589,145591],{"id":145588},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,145590,145229],{}," can work with",[20,145593,145594,145596],{},[15,145595,145229],{}," works with numeric values.",[724,145598,39828],{"id":39827},[38,145600,145602],{"className":40,"code":145601,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,145603,145604,145628],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145605,145606,145608,145610,145612,145614,145616,145618,145620,145622,145624,145626],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145607,3219],{"class":53},[47,145609,58],{"class":57},[47,145611,3017],{"class":83},[47,145613,2377],{"class":586},[47,145615,590],{"class":83},[47,145617,2382],{"class":586},[47,145619,590],{"class":83},[47,145621,1841],{"class":586},[47,145623,590],{"class":83},[47,145625,1847],{"class":586},[47,145627,3030],{"class":83},[47,145629,145630,145632,145634,145636,145638,145640],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,145631,98],{"class":97},[47,145633,101],{"class":83},[47,145635,145352],{"class":97},[47,145637,101],{"class":83},[47,145639,4758],{"class":87},[47,145641,1419],{"class":83},[20,145643,338],{},[38,145645,145646],{"className":40,"code":1765,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,145647,145648],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145649,145650],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145651,1765],{"class":586},[724,145653,145654],{"id":51450},"Floats",[38,145656,145658],{"className":40,"code":145657,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,145659,145660,145682],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145661,145662,145664,145666,145668,145670,145672,145675,145677,145680],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145663,82453],{"class":53},[47,145665,58],{"class":57},[47,145667,3017],{"class":83},[47,145669,40562],{"class":586},[47,145671,590],{"class":83},[47,145673,145674],{"class":586}," 3.75",[47,145676,590],{"class":83},[47,145678,145679],{"class":586}," 1.25",[47,145681,3030],{"class":83},[47,145683,145684,145686,145688,145690,145692,145694],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,145685,98],{"class":97},[47,145687,101],{"class":83},[47,145689,145352],{"class":97},[47,145691,101],{"class":83},[47,145693,82489],{"class":87},[47,145695,1419],{"class":83},[20,145697,338],{},[38,145699,145701],{"className":40,"code":145700,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"7.5\n",[15,145702,145703],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145704,145705],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145706,145700],{"class":586},[20,145708,145709,145710,84],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[154,145711,145712],{"href":1808},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[724,145714,145716,145717],{"id":145715},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,145718,35602],{},[38,145720,145722],{"className":40,"code":145721,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,145723,145724],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145725,145726,145728,145730,145732,145734,145736,145738,145740,145742,145744],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145727,98],{"class":97},[47,145729,101],{"class":83},[47,145731,145352],{"class":97},[47,145733,101],{"class":83},[47,145735,59405],{"class":97},[47,145737,101],{"class":83},[47,145739,2377],{"class":586},[47,145741,590],{"class":83},[47,145743,37048],{"class":586},[47,145745,2300],{"class":83},[20,145747,338],{},[38,145749,145750],{"className":40,"code":46445,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,145751,145752],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145753,145754],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145755,46445],{"class":586},[20,145757,112957,145758,84],{},[15,145759,145760],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[724,145762,145764],{"id":145763},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,145766,145767,145768,145770,145771,1063,145773,145770,145775,84],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,145769,2997],{}," acts like ",[15,145772,2377],{},[15,145774,3070],{},[15,145776,1514],{},[38,145778,145780],{"className":40,"code":145779,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,145781,145782,145806],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145783,145784,145786,145788,145790,145792,145794,145796,145798,145800,145802,145804],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145785,51370],{"class":53},[47,145787,58],{"class":57},[47,145789,3017],{"class":83},[47,145791,2997],{"class":1271},[47,145793,590],{"class":83},[47,145795,3303],{"class":1271},[47,145797,590],{"class":83},[47,145799,3312],{"class":1271},[47,145801,590],{"class":83},[47,145803,3312],{"class":1271},[47,145805,3030],{"class":83},[47,145807,145808,145810,145812,145814,145816,145818],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,145809,98],{"class":97},[47,145811,101],{"class":83},[47,145813,145352],{"class":97},[47,145815,101],{"class":83},[47,145817,51423],{"class":87},[47,145819,1419],{"class":83},[20,145821,338],{},[38,145823,145824],{"className":40,"code":46021,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,145825,145826],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145827,145828],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145829,46021],{"class":586},[20,145831,145832,145833,84],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,145834,2997],{},[33,145836,128,145838,145840],{"id":145837},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,145839,145229],{}," does not work with",[20,145842,145843,145845],{},[15,145844,145229],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[724,145847,145849],{"id":145848},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,145851,2225],{},[38,145853,145855],{"className":40,"code":145854,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,145856,145857,145881],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145858,145859,145861,145863,145865,145867,145869,145871,145873,145875,145877,145879],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145860,3466],{"class":53},[47,145862,58],{"class":57},[47,145864,3017],{"class":83},[47,145866,253],{"class":61},[47,145868,256],{"class":65},[47,145870,253],{"class":61},[47,145872,590],{"class":83},[47,145874,62],{"class":61},[47,145876,59997],{"class":65},[47,145878,253],{"class":61},[47,145880,3030],{"class":83},[47,145882,145883,145885,145887,145889,145891,145893],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,145884,98],{"class":97},[47,145886,101],{"class":83},[47,145888,145352],{"class":97},[47,145890,101],{"class":83},[47,145892,3509],{"class":87},[47,145894,1419],{"class":83},[20,145896,145897],{},"Use string joining instead:",[38,145899,145901],{"className":40,"code":145900,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,145902,145903,145927],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145904,145905,145907,145909,145911,145913,145915,145917,145919,145921,145923,145925],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145906,3466],{"class":53},[47,145908,58],{"class":57},[47,145910,3017],{"class":83},[47,145912,253],{"class":61},[47,145914,256],{"class":65},[47,145916,253],{"class":61},[47,145918,590],{"class":83},[47,145920,62],{"class":61},[47,145922,59997],{"class":65},[47,145924,253],{"class":61},[47,145926,3030],{"class":83},[47,145928,145929,145931,145933,145935,145937,145939,145941,145943],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,145930,98],{"class":97},[47,145932,101],{"class":83},[47,145934,5672],{"class":61},[47,145936,84],{"class":83},[47,145938,132895],{"class":87},[47,145940,101],{"class":83},[47,145942,3509],{"class":87},[47,145944,1419],{"class":83},[20,145946,338],{},[38,145948,145950],{"className":40,"code":145949,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"helloworld\n",[15,145951,145952],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145953,145954],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145955,145949],{"class":53},[20,145957,145958,145959,84],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[154,145960,145961,5184],{"href":41578},[15,145962,47088],{},[724,145964,145966],{"id":145965},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,145968,145969],{},"This also causes an error:",[38,145971,145973],{"className":40,"code":145972,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,145974,145975,146002],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145976,145977,145980,145982,145984,145986,145988,145990,145992,145994,145996,145998,146000],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145978,145979],{"class":53},"lists ",[47,145981,58],{"class":57},[47,145983,55699],{"class":83},[47,145985,2377],{"class":586},[47,145987,590],{"class":83},[47,145989,2382],{"class":586},[47,145991,17464],{"class":83},[47,145993,3017],{"class":83},[47,145995,1455],{"class":586},[47,145997,590],{"class":83},[47,145999,1847],{"class":586},[47,146001,52647],{"class":83},[47,146003,146004,146006,146008,146010,146012,146014],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,146005,98],{"class":97},[47,146007,101],{"class":83},[47,146009,145352],{"class":97},[47,146011,101],{"class":83},[47,146013,4699],{"class":87},[47,146015,1419],{"class":83},[20,146017,146018,146020],{},[15,146019,145229],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[724,146022,146024],{"id":146023},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146026,4872],{},[38,146028,146030],{"className":40,"code":146029,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146031,146032,146056],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146033,146034,146036,146038,146040,146042,146044,146046,146048,146050,146052,146054],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146035,3219],{"class":53},[47,146037,58],{"class":57},[47,146039,3017],{"class":83},[47,146041,2377],{"class":586},[47,146043,590],{"class":83},[47,146045,2382],{"class":586},[47,146047,590],{"class":83},[47,146049,62],{"class":61},[47,146051,1455],{"class":65},[47,146053,253],{"class":61},[47,146055,3030],{"class":83},[47,146057,146058,146060,146062,146064,146066,146068],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,146059,98],{"class":97},[47,146061,101],{"class":83},[47,146063,145352],{"class":97},[47,146065,101],{"class":83},[47,146067,4758],{"class":87},[47,146069,1419],{"class":83},[20,146071,146072],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146074,146075,146076,146078,146079,84],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146077,65351],{},", convert them first. See ",[154,146080,2351],{"href":2350},[33,146082,40908],{"id":40907},[20,146084,146085,146086,84],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146087,145229],{},[724,146089,5924],{"id":5923},[20,146091,3922],{},[38,146093,146095],{"className":40,"code":146094,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146096,146097],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146098,146099,146101,146103,146105,146107,146109],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146100,98],{"class":97},[47,146102,101],{"class":83},[47,146104,145352],{"class":97},[47,146106,101],{"class":83},[47,146108,1531],{"class":586},[47,146110,1419],{"class":83},[20,146112,146113],{},"Why it fails:",[133,146115,146116,146121],{},[136,146117,146118,146120],{},[15,146119,1531],{}," is a single integer",[136,146122,146123,146125],{},[15,146124,145229],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146127,5954],{},[38,146129,146131],{"className":40,"code":146130,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146132,146133],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146134,146135,146137,146139,146141,146143,146145],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146136,98],{"class":97},[47,146138,101],{"class":83},[47,146140,145352],{"class":97},[47,146142,2374],{"class":83},[47,146144,1531],{"class":586},[47,146146,2389],{"class":83},[20,146148,338],{},[38,146150,146151],{"className":40,"code":2335,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,146152,146153],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146154,146155],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146156,2335],{"class":586},[724,146158,146160],{"id":146159},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146162,3922],{},[38,146164,146166],{"className":40,"code":146165,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146167,146168,146200],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146169,146170,146172,146174,146176,146178,146180,146182,146184,146186,146188,146190,146192,146194,146196,146198],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146171,3219],{"class":53},[47,146173,58],{"class":57},[47,146175,3017],{"class":83},[47,146177,253],{"class":61},[47,146179,2377],{"class":65},[47,146181,253],{"class":61},[47,146183,590],{"class":83},[47,146185,62],{"class":61},[47,146187,1449],{"class":65},[47,146189,253],{"class":61},[47,146191,590],{"class":83},[47,146193,62],{"class":61},[47,146195,1455],{"class":65},[47,146197,253],{"class":61},[47,146199,3030],{"class":83},[47,146201,146202,146204,146206,146208,146210,146212],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,146203,98],{"class":97},[47,146205,101],{"class":83},[47,146207,145352],{"class":97},[47,146209,101],{"class":83},[47,146211,4758],{"class":87},[47,146213,1419],{"class":83},[20,146215,146216],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[38,146218,146220],{"className":40,"code":146219,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146221,146222,146254,146282],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146223,146224,146226,146228,146230,146232,146234,146236,146238,146240,146242,146244,146246,146248,146250,146252],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146225,3219],{"class":53},[47,146227,58],{"class":57},[47,146229,3017],{"class":83},[47,146231,253],{"class":61},[47,146233,2377],{"class":65},[47,146235,253],{"class":61},[47,146237,590],{"class":83},[47,146239,62],{"class":61},[47,146241,1449],{"class":65},[47,146243,253],{"class":61},[47,146245,590],{"class":83},[47,146247,62],{"class":61},[47,146249,1455],{"class":65},[47,146251,253],{"class":61},[47,146253,3030],{"class":83},[47,146255,146256,146258,146260,146262,146264,146266,146268,146270,146272,146274,146276,146278,146280],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,146257,40586],{"class":53},[47,146259,58],{"class":57},[47,146261,145282],{"class":97},[47,146263,101],{"class":83},[47,146265,890],{"class":919},[47,146267,101],{"class":83},[47,146269,1567],{"class":87},[47,146271,3057],{"class":83},[47,146273,3272],{"class":655},[47,146275,3275],{"class":87},[47,146277,3278],{"class":655},[47,146279,3281],{"class":87},[47,146281,107],{"class":83},[47,146283,146284,146286,146288,146290],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,146285,98],{"class":97},[47,146287,101],{"class":83},[47,146289,40615],{"class":87},[47,146291,107],{"class":83},[20,146293,338],{},[38,146295,146296],{"className":40,"code":2044,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,146297,146298],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146299,146300],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146301,2044],{"class":586},[20,146303,146304],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[724,146306,146308],{"id":146307},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,146310,3922],{},[38,146312,146314],{"className":40,"code":146313,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146315,146316,146344],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146317,146318,146320,146322,146324,146326,146328,146330,146332,146334,146336,146338,146340,146342],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146319,3219],{"class":53},[47,146321,58],{"class":57},[47,146323,3017],{"class":83},[47,146325,2377],{"class":586},[47,146327,590],{"class":83},[47,146329,2382],{"class":586},[47,146331,590],{"class":83},[47,146333,62],{"class":61},[47,146335,1455],{"class":65},[47,146337,253],{"class":61},[47,146339,590],{"class":83},[47,146341,1847],{"class":586},[47,146343,3030],{"class":83},[47,146345,146346,146348,146350,146352,146354,146356],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,146347,98],{"class":97},[47,146349,101],{"class":83},[47,146351,145352],{"class":97},[47,146353,101],{"class":83},[47,146355,4758],{"class":87},[47,146357,1419],{"class":83},[20,146359,146360],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[38,146362,146364],{"className":40,"code":146363,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146365,146366,146394,146422],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146367,146368,146370,146372,146374,146376,146378,146380,146382,146384,146386,146388,146390,146392],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146369,3219],{"class":53},[47,146371,58],{"class":57},[47,146373,3017],{"class":83},[47,146375,2377],{"class":586},[47,146377,590],{"class":83},[47,146379,2382],{"class":586},[47,146381,590],{"class":83},[47,146383,62],{"class":61},[47,146385,1455],{"class":65},[47,146387,253],{"class":61},[47,146389,590],{"class":83},[47,146391,1847],{"class":586},[47,146393,3030],{"class":83},[47,146395,146396,146398,146400,146402,146404,146406,146408,146410,146412,146414,146416,146418,146420],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,146397,40586],{"class":53},[47,146399,58],{"class":57},[47,146401,145282],{"class":97},[47,146403,101],{"class":83},[47,146405,890],{"class":919},[47,146407,101],{"class":83},[47,146409,1567],{"class":87},[47,146411,3057],{"class":83},[47,146413,3272],{"class":655},[47,146415,3275],{"class":87},[47,146417,3278],{"class":655},[47,146419,3281],{"class":87},[47,146421,107],{"class":83},[47,146423,146424,146426,146428,146430],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,146425,98],{"class":97},[47,146427,101],{"class":83},[47,146429,40615],{"class":87},[47,146431,107],{"class":83},[20,146433,338],{},[38,146435,146436],{"className":40,"code":1765,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,146437,146438],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146439,146440],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146441,1765],{"class":586},[724,146443,7816,146445,146447],{"id":146444},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,146446,145229],{}," to join text",[20,146449,3922],{},[38,146451,146453],{"className":40,"code":146452,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,146454,146455,146511],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146456,146457,146459,146461,146463,146465,146467,146469,146471,146473,146475,146477,146479,146481,146483,146485,146487,146489,146491,146493,146495,146497,146499,146501,146503,146505,146507,146509],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146458,35494],{"class":53},[47,146460,58],{"class":57},[47,146462,3017],{"class":83},[47,146464,253],{"class":61},[47,146466,133493],{"class":65},[47,146468,253],{"class":61},[47,146470,590],{"class":83},[47,146472,62],{"class":61},[47,146474,11144],{"class":65},[47,146476,253],{"class":61},[47,146478,590],{"class":83},[47,146480,62],{"class":61},[47,146482,62692],{"class":65},[47,146484,253],{"class":61},[47,146486,590],{"class":83},[47,146488,62],{"class":61},[47,146490,59844],{"class":65},[47,146492,253],{"class":61},[47,146494,590],{"class":83},[47,146496,62],{"class":61},[47,146498,59879],{"class":65},[47,146500,253],{"class":61},[47,146502,590],{"class":83},[47,146504,62],{"class":61},[47,146506,75435],{"class":65},[47,146508,253],{"class":61},[47,146510,3030],{"class":83},[47,146512,146513,146515,146517,146519,146521,146523],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,146514,98],{"class":97},[47,146516,101],{"class":83},[47,146518,145352],{"class":97},[47,146520,101],{"class":83},[47,146522,35547],{"class":87},[47,146524,1419],{"class":83},[20,146526,1486,146527,59938],{},[15,146528,132818],{},[38,146530,146532],{"className":40,"code":146531,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,146533,146534,146590],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146535,146536,146538,146540,146542,146544,146546,146548,146550,146552,146554,146556,146558,146560,146562,146564,146566,146568,146570,146572,146574,146576,146578,146580,146582,146584,146586,146588],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146537,35494],{"class":53},[47,146539,58],{"class":57},[47,146541,3017],{"class":83},[47,146543,253],{"class":61},[47,146545,133493],{"class":65},[47,146547,253],{"class":61},[47,146549,590],{"class":83},[47,146551,62],{"class":61},[47,146553,11144],{"class":65},[47,146555,253],{"class":61},[47,146557,590],{"class":83},[47,146559,62],{"class":61},[47,146561,62692],{"class":65},[47,146563,253],{"class":61},[47,146565,590],{"class":83},[47,146567,62],{"class":61},[47,146569,59844],{"class":65},[47,146571,253],{"class":61},[47,146573,590],{"class":83},[47,146575,62],{"class":61},[47,146577,59879],{"class":65},[47,146579,253],{"class":61},[47,146581,590],{"class":83},[47,146583,62],{"class":61},[47,146585,75435],{"class":65},[47,146587,253],{"class":61},[47,146589,3030],{"class":83},[47,146591,146592,146594,146596,146598,146600,146602,146604,146606],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,146593,98],{"class":97},[47,146595,101],{"class":83},[47,146597,5672],{"class":61},[47,146599,84],{"class":83},[47,146601,132895],{"class":87},[47,146603,101],{"class":83},[47,146605,35547],{"class":87},[47,146607,1419],{"class":83},[20,146609,338],{},[38,146611,146612],{"className":40,"code":133574,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,146613,146614],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146615,146616],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146617,133574],{"class":53},[20,146619,146620,146621,84],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[154,146622,146623],{"href":134655},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[33,146625,146627,146629],{"id":146626},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,146628,145229],{}," vs manual loop",[20,146631,146632,146634],{},[15,146633,145229],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[724,146636,7816,146638],{"id":146637},"using-sum",[15,146639,145229],{},[38,146641,146643],{"className":40,"code":146642,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146644,146645,146665,146679],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146646,146647,146649,146651,146653,146655,146657,146659,146661,146663],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146648,3012],{"class":53},[47,146650,58],{"class":57},[47,146652,3017],{"class":83},[47,146654,1896],{"class":586},[47,146656,590],{"class":83},[47,146658,587],{"class":586},[47,146660,590],{"class":83},[47,146662,53541],{"class":586},[47,146664,3030],{"class":83},[47,146666,146667,146669,146671,146673,146675,146677],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,146668,40586],{"class":53},[47,146670,58],{"class":57},[47,146672,145282],{"class":97},[47,146674,101],{"class":83},[47,146676,3044],{"class":87},[47,146678,107],{"class":83},[47,146680,146681,146683,146685,146687],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,146682,98],{"class":97},[47,146684,101],{"class":83},[47,146686,40615],{"class":87},[47,146688,107],{"class":83},[724,146690,146692],{"id":146691},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[38,146694,146696],{"className":40,"code":146695,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146697,146698,146718,146726,146730,146742,146750,146754],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146699,146700,146702,146704,146706,146708,146710,146712,146714,146716],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146701,3012],{"class":53},[47,146703,58],{"class":57},[47,146705,3017],{"class":83},[47,146707,1896],{"class":586},[47,146709,590],{"class":83},[47,146711,587],{"class":586},[47,146713,590],{"class":83},[47,146715,53541],{"class":586},[47,146717,3030],{"class":83},[47,146719,146720,146722,146724],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,146721,40586],{"class":53},[47,146723,58],{"class":57},[47,146725,37916],{"class":586},[47,146727,146728],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,146729,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,146731,146732,146734,146736,146738,146740],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,146733,5359],{"class":655},[47,146735,5787],{"class":53},[47,146737,3278],{"class":655},[47,146739,3659],{"class":53},[47,146741,679],{"class":83},[47,146743,146744,146746,146748],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,146745,89510],{"class":53},[47,146747,89513],{"class":57},[47,146749,89516],{"class":53},[47,146751,146752],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,146753,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,146755,146756,146758,146760,146762],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,146757,98],{"class":97},[47,146759,101],{"class":83},[47,146761,40615],{"class":87},[47,146763,107],{"class":83},[20,146765,146766],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,146768,1879,146769,146771],{},[15,146770,145229],{}," is often better:",[133,146773,146774,146777,146780],{},[136,146775,146776],{},"Shorter code",[136,146778,146779],{},"Easier to read",[136,146781,146782],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,146784,146785],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[133,146787,146788,146791,146794],{},[136,146789,146790],{},"You need to skip some values",[136,146792,146793],{},"You need extra checks",[136,146795,146796],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,146798,146799,146800,146803,146804,146806],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[154,146801,146802],{"href":39411},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,146805,145229],{}," on the filtered result.",[33,146808,722],{"id":721},[20,146810,146811,146812,1032],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,146813,145229],{},[133,146815,146816,146822,146829,146836],{},[136,146817,146818,146819],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,146820,146821],{},"sum(5)",[136,146823,146824,146825,146828],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,146826,146827],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[136,146830,7816,146831,146833,146834],{},[15,146832,145229],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,146835,132818],{},[136,146837,146838],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,146840,8272,146841,146843],{},[15,146842,145229],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[38,146845,146847],{"className":40,"code":146846,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,146848,146849,146859,146873,146897],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146850,146851,146853,146855,146857],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146852,98],{"class":97},[47,146854,101],{"class":83},[47,146856,4758],{"class":87},[47,146858,107],{"class":83},[47,146860,146861,146863,146865,146867,146869,146871],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,146862,98],{"class":97},[47,146864,101],{"class":83},[47,146866,2613],{"class":919},[47,146868,101],{"class":83},[47,146870,4758],{"class":87},[47,146872,1419],{"class":83},[47,146874,146875,146877,146879,146881,146883,146885,146887,146889,146891,146893,146895],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,146876,98],{"class":97},[47,146878,2374],{"class":83},[47,146880,2613],{"class":919},[47,146882,101],{"class":83},[47,146884,1567],{"class":87},[47,146886,3057],{"class":83},[47,146888,3272],{"class":655},[47,146890,3275],{"class":87},[47,146892,3278],{"class":655},[47,146894,3281],{"class":87},[47,146896,3284],{"class":83},[47,146898,146899,146901,146903,146905,146907,146909,146911,146913,146915,146917,146919,146921,146923],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,146900,98],{"class":97},[47,146902,101],{"class":83},[47,146904,145352],{"class":97},[47,146906,2374],{"class":83},[47,146908,890],{"class":919},[47,146910,101],{"class":83},[47,146912,1567],{"class":87},[47,146914,3057],{"class":83},[47,146916,3272],{"class":655},[47,146918,3275],{"class":87},[47,146920,3278],{"class":655},[47,146922,3281],{"class":87},[47,146924,2389],{"class":83},[20,146926,135388],{},[133,146928,146929,146935,146941,146946],{},[136,146930,146931,146934],{},[15,146932,146933],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[136,146936,146937,146940],{},[15,146938,146939],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[136,146942,146943,135410],{},[15,146944,146945],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[136,146947,146948,146951],{},[15,146949,146950],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[33,146953,1155],{"id":1154},[724,146955,4540,146957,4543],{"id":146956},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,146958,145229],{},[20,146960,146961],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[724,146963,4568,146965,146967],{"id":146964},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,146966,145229],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,146969,29675,146970,158,146973,146976],{},[15,146971,146972],{},"''.join(...)",[15,146974,146975],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[724,146978,4568,146980,146982],{"id":146979},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,146981,145229],{}," work with floats?",[20,146984,146985],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[724,146987,146989,146990,1883],{"id":146988},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,146991,145229],{},[20,146993,146994,146995,146997],{},"It is the optional ",[15,146996,35476],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[724,146999,4556,147001,118791,147003,1883],{"id":147000},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147002,145229],{},[15,147004,2395],{},[20,147006,147007],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[33,147009,1275],{"id":1274},[133,147011,147012,147016,147022,147028,147034,147038,147042],{},[136,147013,147014],{},[154,147015,145712],{"href":1808},[136,147017,147018],{},[154,147019,2968,147020,2901],{"href":35599},[15,147021,35602],{},[136,147023,147024],{},[154,147025,2968,147026,2901],{"href":41761},[15,147027,41764],{},[136,147029,147030],{},[154,147031,2968,147032,2901],{"href":41578},[15,147033,47088],{},[136,147035,147036],{},[154,147037,4620],{"href":39411},[136,147039,147040],{},[154,147041,2918],{"href":2350},[136,147043,147044],{},[154,147045,146623],{"href":134655},[1320,147047,147048],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code 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var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":147050},[147051,147052,147054,147055,147056,147058,147066,147072,147079,147085,147086,147098],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":145308,"depth":72,"text":147053},"What sum() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":267,"depth":72,"text":268},{"id":145486,"depth":72,"text":147057},"Using the start value",{"id":145588,"depth":72,"text":147059,"children":147060},"What sum() can work with",[147061,147062,147063,147065],{"id":39827,"depth":94,"text":39828},{"id":51450,"depth":94,"text":145654},{"id":145715,"depth":94,"text":147064},"Values from range()",{"id":145763,"depth":94,"text":145764},{"id":145837,"depth":72,"text":147067,"children":147068},"What sum() does not work with",[147069,147070,147071],{"id":145848,"depth":94,"text":145849},{"id":145965,"depth":94,"text":145966},{"id":146023,"depth":94,"text":146024},{"id":40907,"depth":72,"text":40908,"children":147073},[147074,147075,147076,147077],{"id":5923,"depth":94,"text":5924},{"id":146159,"depth":94,"text":146160},{"id":146307,"depth":94,"text":146308},{"id":146444,"depth":94,"text":147078},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":146626,"depth":72,"text":147080,"children":147081},"sum() vs manual loop",[147082,147084],{"id":146637,"depth":94,"text":147083},"Using sum()",{"id":146691,"depth":94,"text":146692},{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":147087},[147088,147090,147092,147094,147096],{"id":146956,"depth":94,"text":147089},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":146964,"depth":94,"text":147091},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":146979,"depth":94,"text":147093},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":146988,"depth":94,"text":147095},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147000,"depth":94,"text":147097},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145221,"description":147099},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147106,"title":147107,"body":147108,"description":148510,"extension":1354,"meta":148511,"navigation":311,"path":148512,"seo":148513,"stem":148514,"__hash__":148515},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147109,"toc":148478},[147110,147116,147122,147125,147188,147194,147199,147203,147220,147234,147238,147258,147272,147274,147367,147369,147383,147385,147388,147477,147479,147487,147496,147498,147502,147523,147525,147617,147619,147640,147642,147646,147660,147662,147736,147738,147757,147761,147764,147787,147789,147900,147907,147915,147917,147923,147926,147969,147972,147995,148003,148007,148082,148088,148113,148120,148123,148126,148130,148135,148223,148231,148235,148238,148263,148267,148328,148332,148381,148391,148393,148398,148401,148407,148410,148414,148418,148424,148427,148435,148443,148445,148475],[10,147111,147113,147114,18],{"id":147112},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147115,56696],{},[20,147117,147118,147121],{},[15,147119,147120],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147123,147124],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[38,147126,147128],{"className":40,"code":147127,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147129,147130,147158,147176],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147131,147132,147134,147136,147138,147140,147142,147144,147146,147148,147150,147152,147154,147156],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147133,3012],{"class":53},[47,147135,58],{"class":57},[47,147137,8634],{"class":83},[47,147139,2377],{"class":586},[47,147141,590],{"class":83},[47,147143,2382],{"class":586},[47,147145,590],{"class":83},[47,147147,2382],{"class":586},[47,147149,590],{"class":83},[47,147151,1841],{"class":586},[47,147153,590],{"class":83},[47,147155,2382],{"class":586},[47,147157,107],{"class":83},[47,147159,147160,147162,147164,147166,147168,147170,147172,147174],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,147161,75],{"class":53},[47,147163,58],{"class":57},[47,147165,3659],{"class":53},[47,147167,84],{"class":83},[47,147169,40663],{"class":87},[47,147171,101],{"class":83},[47,147173,1449],{"class":586},[47,147175,107],{"class":83},[47,147177,147178,147180,147182,147184,147186],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,147179,98],{"class":97},[47,147181,101],{"class":83},[47,147183,104],{"class":87},[47,147185,3057],{"class":83},[47,147187,50175],{"class":113},[20,147189,1486,147190,147193],{},[15,147191,147192],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[33,147195,128,147197,131],{"id":147196},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147198,147120],{},[20,147200,147201,1032],{},[15,147202,147192],{},[133,147204,147205,147211,147214,147217],{},[136,147206,147207,147208,147210],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147209,1863],{}," appears in the tuple",[136,147212,147213],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[136,147215,147216],{},"Returns an integer",[136,147218,147219],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147221,147222,147223,147225,147226,158,147230,84],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147224,56696],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[154,147227,147229],{"href":147228},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[154,147231,147233],{"href":147232},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[33,147235,147237],{"id":147236},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[38,147239,147241],{"className":40,"code":147240,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147242,147243],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147244,147245,147248,147250,147252,147254,147256],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147246,147247],{"class":53},"my_tuple",[47,147249,84],{"class":83},[47,147251,40663],{"class":87},[47,147253,101],{"class":83},[47,147255,1863],{"class":87},[47,147257,107],{"class":83},[133,147259,147260,147264,147267],{},[136,147261,147262,56861],{},[15,147263,1863],{},[136,147265,147266],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[136,147268,147269,147270],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147271,1514],{},[724,147273,102507],{"id":102506},[38,147275,147277],{"className":40,"code":147276,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147278,147279,147319,147343],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147280,147281,147283,147285,147287,147289,147291,147293,147295,147297,147299,147301,147303,147305,147307,147309,147311,147313,147315,147317],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147282,12476],{"class":53},[47,147284,58],{"class":57},[47,147286,8634],{"class":83},[47,147288,253],{"class":61},[47,147290,12493],{"class":65},[47,147292,253],{"class":61},[47,147294,590],{"class":83},[47,147296,62],{"class":61},[47,147298,12510],{"class":65},[47,147300,253],{"class":61},[47,147302,590],{"class":83},[47,147304,62],{"class":61},[47,147306,12493],{"class":65},[47,147308,253],{"class":61},[47,147310,590],{"class":83},[47,147312,62],{"class":61},[47,147314,16858],{"class":65},[47,147316,253],{"class":61},[47,147318,107],{"class":83},[47,147320,147321,147323,147325,147327,147329,147331,147333,147335,147337,147339,147341],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,147322,98],{"class":97},[47,147324,101],{"class":83},[47,147326,16905],{"class":87},[47,147328,84],{"class":83},[47,147330,40663],{"class":87},[47,147332,101],{"class":83},[47,147334,253],{"class":61},[47,147336,12493],{"class":65},[47,147338,253],{"class":61},[47,147340,4761],{"class":83},[47,147342,57051],{"class":113},[47,147344,147345,147347,147349,147351,147353,147355,147357,147359,147361,147363,147365],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,147346,98],{"class":97},[47,147348,101],{"class":83},[47,147350,16905],{"class":87},[47,147352,84],{"class":83},[47,147354,40663],{"class":87},[47,147356,101],{"class":83},[47,147358,253],{"class":61},[47,147360,21926],{"class":65},[47,147362,253],{"class":61},[47,147364,4761],{"class":83},[47,147366,50651],{"class":113},[20,147368,19359],{},[133,147370,147371,147376],{},[136,147372,147373,147375],{},[15,147374,64798],{}," appears 2 times",[136,147377,147378,147380,147381],{},[15,147379,109203],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,147382,1514],{},[33,147384,268],{"id":267},[20,147386,147387],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[38,147389,147391],{"className":40,"code":147390,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,147392,147393,147441,147445,147467],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147394,147395,147397,147399,147401,147403,147405,147407,147409,147411,147413,147415,147417,147419,147421,147423,147425,147427,147429,147431,147433,147435,147437,147439],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147396,35643],{"class":53},[47,147398,58],{"class":57},[47,147400,8634],{"class":83},[47,147402,253],{"class":61},[47,147404,3475],{"class":65},[47,147406,253],{"class":61},[47,147408,590],{"class":83},[47,147410,62],{"class":61},[47,147412,288],{"class":65},[47,147414,253],{"class":61},[47,147416,590],{"class":83},[47,147418,62],{"class":61},[47,147420,3475],{"class":65},[47,147422,253],{"class":61},[47,147424,590],{"class":83},[47,147426,62],{"class":61},[47,147428,32627],{"class":65},[47,147430,253],{"class":61},[47,147432,590],{"class":83},[47,147434,62],{"class":61},[47,147436,3475],{"class":65},[47,147438,253],{"class":61},[47,147440,107],{"class":83},[47,147442,147443],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,147444,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,147446,147447,147449,147451,147453,147455,147457,147459,147461,147463,147465],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,147448,75],{"class":53},[47,147450,58],{"class":57},[47,147452,52256],{"class":53},[47,147454,84],{"class":83},[47,147456,40663],{"class":87},[47,147458,101],{"class":83},[47,147460,253],{"class":61},[47,147462,3475],{"class":65},[47,147464,253],{"class":61},[47,147466,107],{"class":83},[47,147468,147469,147471,147473,147475],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,147470,98],{"class":97},[47,147472,101],{"class":83},[47,147474,104],{"class":87},[47,147476,107],{"class":83},[20,147478,338],{},[38,147480,147481],{"className":40,"code":46021,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,147482,147483],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147484,147485],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147486,46021],{"class":586},[20,147488,147489,147491,147492,1786,147494,84],{},[15,147490,57239],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,147493,56696],{},[15,147495,1455],{},[33,147497,37425],{"id":37424},[20,147499,56950,147500,128126],{},[15,147501,56696],{},[133,147503,147504,147509,147514,147517],{},[136,147505,10824,147506,147508],{},[15,147507,1514],{}," when the value does not exist",[136,147510,10824,147511,147513],{},[15,147512,2377],{}," when the value appears once",[136,147515,147516],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[136,147518,147519,147520,147522],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,147521,656],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,147524,538],{},[38,147526,147528],{"className":40,"code":147527,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,147529,147530,147571,147575,147602],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147531,147532,147535,147537,147539,147541,147543,147545,147547,147549,147551,147553,147555,147557,147559,147561,147563,147565,147567,147569],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147533,147534],{"class":53},"answers ",[47,147536,58],{"class":57},[47,147538,8634],{"class":83},[47,147540,253],{"class":61},[47,147542,644],{"class":65},[47,147544,253],{"class":61},[47,147546,590],{"class":83},[47,147548,62],{"class":61},[47,147550,7997],{"class":65},[47,147552,253],{"class":61},[47,147554,590],{"class":83},[47,147556,62],{"class":61},[47,147558,644],{"class":65},[47,147560,253],{"class":61},[47,147562,590],{"class":83},[47,147564,62],{"class":61},[47,147566,644],{"class":65},[47,147568,253],{"class":61},[47,147570,107],{"class":83},[47,147572,147573],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,147574,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,147576,147577,147579,147582,147584,147586,147588,147590,147592,147594,147596,147598,147600],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,147578,656],{"class":655},[47,147580,147581],{"class":53}," answers",[47,147583,84],{"class":83},[47,147585,40663],{"class":87},[47,147587,101],{"class":83},[47,147589,253],{"class":61},[47,147591,644],{"class":65},[47,147593,253],{"class":61},[47,147595,3057],{"class":83},[47,147597,37799],{"class":57},[47,147599,4898],{"class":586},[47,147601,679],{"class":83},[47,147603,147604,147606,147608,147610,147613,147615],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,147605,684],{"class":97},[47,147607,101],{"class":83},[47,147609,253],{"class":61},[47,147611,147612],{"class":65},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[47,147614,253],{"class":61},[47,147616,107],{"class":83},[20,147618,338],{},[38,147620,147622],{"className":40,"code":147621,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,147623,147624],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147625,147626,147629,147631,147633,147635,147638],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147627,147628],{"class":53},"The answer ",[47,147630,2693],{"class":61},[47,147632,644],{"class":65},[47,147634,2693],{"class":61},[47,147636,147637],{"class":53}," appears more than once",[47,147639,121785],{"class":83},[33,147641,40449],{"id":40448},[20,147643,34809,147644,103970],{},[15,147645,147120],{},[133,147647,147648,147651,147654,147657],{},[136,147649,147650],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[136,147652,147653],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[136,147655,147656],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[136,147658,147659],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,147661,538],{},[38,147663,147665],{"className":40,"code":147664,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,147666,147667,147695,147699,147721],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147668,147669,147671,147673,147675,147677,147679,147681,147683,147685,147687,147689,147691,147693],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147670,4461],{"class":53},[47,147672,58],{"class":57},[47,147674,8634],{"class":83},[47,147676,1719],{"class":586},[47,147678,590],{"class":83},[47,147680,7189],{"class":586},[47,147682,590],{"class":83},[47,147684,5405],{"class":586},[47,147686,590],{"class":83},[47,147688,7194],{"class":586},[47,147690,590],{"class":83},[47,147692,5405],{"class":586},[47,147694,107],{"class":83},[47,147696,147697],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,147698,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,147700,147701,147703,147705,147707,147709,147711,147713,147715,147717,147719],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,147702,656],{"class":655},[47,147704,4508],{"class":53},[47,147706,84],{"class":83},[47,147708,40663],{"class":87},[47,147710,101],{"class":83},[47,147712,1719],{"class":586},[47,147714,3057],{"class":83},[47,147716,50692],{"class":57},[47,147718,2382],{"class":586},[47,147720,679],{"class":83},[47,147722,147723,147725,147727,147729,147732,147734],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,147724,684],{"class":97},[47,147726,101],{"class":83},[47,147728,253],{"class":61},[47,147730,147731],{"class":65},"The score 10 is repeated.",[47,147733,253],{"class":61},[47,147735,107],{"class":83},[20,147737,338],{},[38,147739,147741],{"className":40,"code":147740,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,147742,147743],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147744,147745,147748,147750,147752,147755],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147746,147747],{"class":53},"The score ",[47,147749,1719],{"class":586},[47,147751,7495],{"class":57},[47,147753,147754],{"class":53}," repeated",[47,147756,121785],{"class":83},[33,147758,147760],{"id":147759},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,147762,147763],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[133,147765,147766,147772,147777,147780],{},[136,147767,147768,147769,147771],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,147770,56696],{}," still works because it only reads data",[136,147773,147774,147776],{},[15,147775,56696],{}," counts exact matches",[136,147778,147779],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[136,147781,147782,1063,147784,147786],{},[15,147783,2377],{},[15,147785,41561],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,147788,538],{},[38,147790,147792],{"className":40,"code":147791,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,147793,147794,147828,147832,147852,147876],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147795,147796,147798,147800,147802,147804,147806,147809,147811,147813,147816,147818,147820,147822,147824,147826],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147797,3219],{"class":53},[47,147799,58],{"class":57},[47,147801,8634],{"class":83},[47,147803,2377],{"class":586},[47,147805,590],{"class":83},[47,147807,147808],{"class":586}," 1.0",[47,147810,590],{"class":83},[47,147812,62],{"class":61},[47,147814,147815],{"class":65},"Cat",[47,147817,253],{"class":61},[47,147819,590],{"class":83},[47,147821,62],{"class":61},[47,147823,36452],{"class":65},[47,147825,253],{"class":61},[47,147827,107],{"class":83},[47,147829,147830],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,147831,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,147833,147834,147836,147838,147840,147842,147844,147846,147848,147850],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,147835,98],{"class":97},[47,147837,101],{"class":83},[47,147839,4758],{"class":87},[47,147841,84],{"class":83},[47,147843,40663],{"class":87},[47,147845,101],{"class":83},[47,147847,2377],{"class":586},[47,147849,4761],{"class":83},[47,147851,50498],{"class":113},[47,147853,147854,147856,147858,147860,147862,147864,147866,147868,147870,147872,147874],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,147855,98],{"class":97},[47,147857,101],{"class":83},[47,147859,4758],{"class":87},[47,147861,84],{"class":83},[47,147863,40663],{"class":87},[47,147865,101],{"class":83},[47,147867,253],{"class":61},[47,147869,147815],{"class":65},[47,147871,253],{"class":61},[47,147873,4761],{"class":83},[47,147875,27184],{"class":113},[47,147877,147878,147880,147882,147884,147886,147888,147890,147892,147894,147896,147898],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,147879,98],{"class":97},[47,147881,101],{"class":83},[47,147883,4758],{"class":87},[47,147885,84],{"class":83},[47,147887,40663],{"class":87},[47,147889,101],{"class":83},[47,147891,253],{"class":61},[47,147893,36452],{"class":65},[47,147895,253],{"class":61},[47,147897,4761],{"class":83},[47,147899,27184],{"class":113},[20,147901,4556,147902,4559,147905,1883],{},[15,147903,147904],{},"values.count(1)",[15,147906,1449],{},[20,147908,8182,147909,4181,147912,147914],{},[15,147910,147911],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,147913,2997],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[33,147916,722],{"id":721},[724,147918,7816,147920,147922],{"id":147919},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,147921,40663],{}," without parentheses",[20,147924,147925],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[38,147927,147929],{"className":40,"code":147928,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,147930,147931,147955],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147932,147933,147935,147937,147939,147941,147943,147945,147947,147949,147951,147953],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147934,3012],{"class":53},[47,147936,58],{"class":57},[47,147938,8634],{"class":83},[47,147940,2377],{"class":586},[47,147942,590],{"class":83},[47,147944,2382],{"class":586},[47,147946,590],{"class":83},[47,147948,2382],{"class":586},[47,147950,590],{"class":83},[47,147952,1841],{"class":586},[47,147954,107],{"class":83},[47,147956,147957,147959,147961,147963,147965,147967],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,147958,98],{"class":97},[47,147960,101],{"class":83},[47,147962,3044],{"class":87},[47,147964,84],{"class":83},[47,147966,40663],{"class":24153},[47,147968,107],{"class":83},[20,147970,147971],{},"To call the method correctly:",[38,147973,147975],{"className":40,"code":147974,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,147976,147977],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147978,147979,147981,147983,147985,147987,147989,147991,147993],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147980,98],{"class":97},[47,147982,101],{"class":83},[47,147984,3044],{"class":87},[47,147986,84],{"class":83},[47,147988,40663],{"class":87},[47,147990,101],{"class":83},[47,147992,1449],{"class":586},[47,147994,1419],{"class":83},[724,147996,7852,147997,7855,147999,158,148001],{"id":57999},[15,147998,56696],{},[15,148000,2997],{},[15,148002,3070],{},[20,148004,148005,58010],{},[15,148006,56696],{},[38,148008,148010],{"className":40,"code":148009,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148011,148012,148044,148066,148070],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148013,148014,148016,148018,148020,148022,148024,148026,148028,148030,148032,148034,148036,148038,148040,148042],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148015,35494],{"class":53},[47,148017,58],{"class":57},[47,148019,8634],{"class":83},[47,148021,253],{"class":61},[47,148023,154],{"class":65},[47,148025,253],{"class":61},[47,148027,590],{"class":83},[47,148029,62],{"class":61},[47,148031,4158],{"class":65},[47,148033,253],{"class":61},[47,148035,590],{"class":83},[47,148037,62],{"class":61},[47,148039,154],{"class":65},[47,148041,253],{"class":61},[47,148043,107],{"class":83},[47,148045,148046,148048,148050,148052,148054,148056,148058,148060,148062,148064],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,148047,75],{"class":53},[47,148049,58],{"class":57},[47,148051,69502],{"class":53},[47,148053,84],{"class":83},[47,148055,40663],{"class":87},[47,148057,101],{"class":83},[47,148059,253],{"class":61},[47,148061,154],{"class":65},[47,148063,253],{"class":61},[47,148065,107],{"class":83},[47,148067,148068],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,148069,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,148071,148072,148074,148076,148078,148080],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,148073,98],{"class":97},[47,148075,101],{"class":83},[47,148077,104],{"class":87},[47,148079,3057],{"class":83},[47,148081,50819],{"class":113},[20,148083,148084,148085,148087],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148086,3278],{}," is often simpler:",[38,148089,148091],{"className":40,"code":148090,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148092,148093],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148094,148095,148097,148099,148101,148103,148105,148107,148109,148111],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148096,98],{"class":97},[47,148098,101],{"class":83},[47,148100,253],{"class":61},[47,148102,154],{"class":65},[47,148104,253],{"class":61},[47,148106,20575],{"class":655},[47,148108,69502],{"class":87},[47,148110,3057],{"class":83},[47,148112,3060],{"class":113},[724,148114,946,148116,8101,148118],{"id":148115},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148117,147120],{},[15,148119,56701],{},[20,148121,148122],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148124,148125],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[724,148127,148129],{"id":148128},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148131,148132,148134],{},[15,148133,56696],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[38,148136,148138],{"className":40,"code":148137,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148139,148140,148173,148199],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148141,148142,148144,148146,148148,148150,148152,148154,148156,148158,148161,148163,148165,148167,148169,148171],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148143,3466],{"class":53},[47,148145,58],{"class":57},[47,148147,8634],{"class":83},[47,148149,253],{"class":61},[47,148151,3475],{"class":65},[47,148153,253],{"class":61},[47,148155,590],{"class":83},[47,148157,62],{"class":61},[47,148159,148160],{"class":65},"pineapple",[47,148162,253],{"class":61},[47,148164,590],{"class":83},[47,148166,62],{"class":61},[47,148168,3475],{"class":65},[47,148170,253],{"class":61},[47,148172,107],{"class":83},[47,148174,148175,148177,148179,148181,148183,148185,148187,148189,148192,148194,148196],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,148176,98],{"class":97},[47,148178,101],{"class":83},[47,148180,3509],{"class":87},[47,148182,84],{"class":83},[47,148184,40663],{"class":87},[47,148186,101],{"class":83},[47,148188,253],{"class":61},[47,148190,148191],{"class":65},"app",[47,148193,253],{"class":61},[47,148195,4761],{"class":83},[47,148197,148198],{"class":113},"    # 0\n",[47,148200,148201,148203,148205,148207,148209,148211,148213,148215,148217,148219,148221],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,148202,98],{"class":97},[47,148204,101],{"class":83},[47,148206,3509],{"class":87},[47,148208,84],{"class":83},[47,148210,40663],{"class":87},[47,148212,101],{"class":83},[47,148214,253],{"class":61},[47,148216,3475],{"class":65},[47,148218,253],{"class":61},[47,148220,4761],{"class":83},[47,148222,50819],{"class":113},[20,148224,148225,148228,148229,84],{},[15,148226,148227],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148230,1514],{},[33,148232,148234],{"id":148233},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148236,148237],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[133,148239,148240,148245,148254,148260],{},[136,148241,1486,148242,148244],{},[15,148243,3278],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[136,148246,1486,148247,148253],{},[154,148248,148250,148251],{"href":148249},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148252,58374],{}," to find the position of a value",[136,148255,1486,148256,148259],{},[15,148257,148258],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[136,148261,148262],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148264,45444,148265,1032],{},[15,148266,3278],{},[38,148268,148270],{"className":40,"code":148269,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148271,148272,148292,148296,148312],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148273,148274,148276,148278,148280,148282,148284,148286,148288,148290],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148275,3012],{"class":53},[47,148277,58],{"class":57},[47,148279,8634],{"class":83},[47,148281,1896],{"class":586},[47,148283,590],{"class":83},[47,148285,587],{"class":586},[47,148287,590],{"class":83},[47,148289,53541],{"class":586},[47,148291,107],{"class":83},[47,148293,148294],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,148295,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,148297,148298,148300,148302,148304,148306,148308,148310],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,148299,98],{"class":97},[47,148301,101],{"class":83},[47,148303,1416],{"class":586},[47,148305,20575],{"class":655},[47,148307,3659],{"class":87},[47,148309,3057],{"class":83},[47,148311,43258],{"class":113},[47,148313,148314,148316,148318,148320,148322,148324,148326],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,148315,98],{"class":97},[47,148317,101],{"class":83},[47,148319,1531],{"class":586},[47,148321,20575],{"class":655},[47,148323,3659],{"class":87},[47,148325,3057],{"class":83},[47,148327,43275],{"class":113},[20,148329,45444,148330,1032],{},[15,148331,58374],{},[38,148333,148335],{"className":40,"code":148334,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,148336,148337,148361],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148338,148339,148341,148343,148345,148347,148349,148351,148353,148355,148357,148359],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148340,3012],{"class":53},[47,148342,58],{"class":57},[47,148344,8634],{"class":83},[47,148346,1896],{"class":586},[47,148348,590],{"class":83},[47,148350,587],{"class":586},[47,148352,590],{"class":83},[47,148354,53541],{"class":586},[47,148356,590],{"class":83},[47,148358,587],{"class":586},[47,148360,107],{"class":83},[47,148362,148363,148365,148367,148369,148371,148373,148375,148377,148379],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,148364,98],{"class":97},[47,148366,101],{"class":83},[47,148368,3044],{"class":87},[47,148370,84],{"class":83},[47,148372,35250],{"class":87},[47,148374,101],{"class":83},[47,148376,1416],{"class":586},[47,148378,4761],{"class":83},[47,148380,27184],{"class":113},[20,148382,148383,148385,148386,148388,148390],{},[15,148384,56696],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9245,148387],{},[15,148389,58374],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[33,148392,1155],{"id":1154},[724,148394,4540,148396,4543],{"id":148395},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,148397,147120],{},[20,148399,148400],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[724,148402,1159,148404,148406],{"id":148403},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,148405,147120],{}," change the tuple?",[20,148408,148409],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[724,148411,148413],{"id":148412},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,148415,11310,148416,84],{},[15,148417,1514],{},[724,148419,4568,148421,148423],{"id":148420},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,148422,147120],{}," count strings?",[20,148425,148426],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[724,148428,4578,148430,1063,148432,1883],{"id":148429},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,148431,147120],{},[15,148433,148434],{},"tuple.index()",[20,148436,148437,148439,148440,148442],{},[15,148438,56696],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,148441,58374],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[33,148444,1275],{"id":1274},[133,148446,148447,148451,148456,148463,148471],{},[136,148448,148449],{},[154,148450,147229],{"href":147228},[136,148452,148453],{},[154,148454,148455],{"href":147232},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[136,148457,148458],{},[154,148459,148460,148461,1289],{"href":148249},"Python tuple ",[15,148462,58374],{},[136,148464,148465],{},[154,148466,148468,148469],{"href":148467},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,148470,41764],{},[136,148472,148473],{},[154,148474,58362],{"href":58361},[1320,148476,148477],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":148479},[148480,148482,148485,148486,148487,148488,148489,148497,148498,148509],{"id":147196,"depth":72,"text":148481},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147236,"depth":72,"text":147237,"children":148483},[148484],{"id":102506,"depth":94,"text":102507},{"id":267,"depth":72,"text":268},{"id":37424,"depth":72,"text":37425},{"id":40448,"depth":72,"text":40449},{"id":147759,"depth":72,"text":147760},{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722,"children":148490},[148491,148493,148494,148496],{"id":147919,"depth":94,"text":148492},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":57999,"depth":94,"text":58415},{"id":148115,"depth":94,"text":148495},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148128,"depth":94,"text":148129},{"id":148233,"depth":72,"text":148234},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":148499},[148500,148502,148504,148505,148507],{"id":148395,"depth":94,"text":148501},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148403,"depth":94,"text":148503},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":148412,"depth":94,"text":148413},{"id":148420,"depth":94,"text":148506},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":148429,"depth":94,"text":148508},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147107,"description":148510},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":148517,"title":148518,"body":148519,"description":150206,"extension":1354,"meta":150207,"navigation":311,"path":150208,"seo":150209,"stem":150210,"__hash__":150211},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":148520,"toc":150169},[148521,148524,148527,148536,148538,148668,148670,148731,148737,148739,148759,148763,148766,148769,148804,148806,148827,148830,148869,148871,148896,148903,148907,148910,148947,148949,148972,148975,148978,148990,148996,149000,149003,149009,149050,149052,149075,149078,149119,149121,149148,149150,149167,149169,149186,149189,149193,149196,149198,149232,149234,149281,149285,149324,149328,149331,149388,149390,149431,149437,149443,149448,149450,149487,149489,149509,149511,149544,149546,149579,149582,149586,149619,149621,149646,149649,149651,149665,149672,149674,149677,149681,149684,149719,149722,149757,149761,149764,149803,149806,149845,149849,149851,149881,149884,149891,149893,149925,149928,149960,149963,149994,149996,150013,150017,150020,150084,150086,150090,150097,150101,150104,150108,150111,150115,150118,150123,150129,150131,150166],[10,148522,148518],{"id":148523},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,148525,148526],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,148528,148529,148530,158,148534,84],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[154,148531,148533],{"href":148532},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[154,148535,147229],{"href":147228},[33,148537,36],{"id":35},[38,148539,148541],{"className":40,"code":148540,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,148542,148543,148563,148572,148586,148622,148626,148636,148646,148657],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148544,148545,148547,148549,148551,148553,148555,148557,148559,148561],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148546,3012],{"class":53},[47,148548,58],{"class":57},[47,148550,8634],{"class":83},[47,148552,2377],{"class":586},[47,148554,590],{"class":83},[47,148556,2382],{"class":586},[47,148558,590],{"class":83},[47,148560,1841],{"class":586},[47,148562,107],{"class":83},[47,148564,148565,148567,148569],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,148566,124243],{"class":53},[47,148568,58],{"class":57},[47,148570,148571],{"class":83}," ()\n",[47,148573,148574,148577,148579,148581,148583],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,148575,148576],{"class":53},"one_item ",[47,148578,58],{"class":57},[47,148580,8634],{"class":83},[47,148582,1531],{"class":586},[47,148584,148585],{"class":83},",)\n",[47,148587,148588,148591,148593,148596,148598,148600,148602,148604,148606,148608,148610,148612,148614,148616,148618,148620],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,148589,148590],{"class":53},"from_list ",[47,148592,58],{"class":57},[47,148594,148595],{"class":919}," tuple",[47,148597,2374],{"class":83},[47,148599,253],{"class":61},[47,148601,154],{"class":65},[47,148603,253],{"class":61},[47,148605,590],{"class":83},[47,148607,62],{"class":61},[47,148609,4158],{"class":65},[47,148611,253],{"class":61},[47,148613,590],{"class":83},[47,148615,62],{"class":61},[47,148617,9138],{"class":65},[47,148619,253],{"class":61},[47,148621,3284],{"class":83},[47,148623,148624],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,148625,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,148627,148628,148630,148632,148634],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,148629,98],{"class":97},[47,148631,101],{"class":83},[47,148633,3044],{"class":87},[47,148635,107],{"class":83},[47,148637,148638,148640,148642,148644],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,148639,98],{"class":97},[47,148641,101],{"class":83},[47,148643,124294],{"class":87},[47,148645,107],{"class":83},[47,148647,148648,148650,148652,148655],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,148649,98],{"class":97},[47,148651,101],{"class":83},[47,148653,148654],{"class":87},"one_item",[47,148656,107],{"class":83},[47,148658,148659,148661,148663,148666],{"class":49,"line":5831},[47,148660,98],{"class":97},[47,148662,101],{"class":83},[47,148664,148665],{"class":87},"from_list",[47,148667,107],{"class":83},[20,148669,338],{},[38,148671,148673],{"className":40,"code":148672,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,148674,148675,148691,148695,148703],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148676,148677,148679,148681,148683,148685,148687,148689],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148678,101],{"class":83},[47,148680,2377],{"class":586},[47,148682,590],{"class":83},[47,148684,2382],{"class":586},[47,148686,590],{"class":83},[47,148688,1841],{"class":586},[47,148690,107],{"class":83},[47,148692,148693],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,148694,91],{"class":83},[47,148696,148697,148699,148701],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,148698,101],{"class":83},[47,148700,1531],{"class":586},[47,148702,148585],{"class":83},[47,148704,148705,148707,148709,148711,148713,148715,148717,148719,148721,148723,148725,148727,148729],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,148706,101],{"class":83},[47,148708,2693],{"class":61},[47,148710,154],{"class":65},[47,148712,2693],{"class":61},[47,148714,590],{"class":83},[47,148716,2688],{"class":61},[47,148718,4158],{"class":65},[47,148720,2693],{"class":61},[47,148722,590],{"class":83},[47,148724,2688],{"class":61},[47,148726,9138],{"class":65},[47,148728,2693],{"class":61},[47,148730,107],{"class":83},[20,148732,148733,148734,84],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,148735,148736],{},"(5,)",[33,148738,14565],{"id":14564},[133,148740,148741,148744,148747,148750,148753,148756],{},[136,148742,148743],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[136,148745,148746],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[136,148748,148749],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[136,148751,148752],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[136,148754,148755],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[136,148757,148758],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[33,148760,148762],{"id":148761},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,148764,148765],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,148767,148768],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[38,148770,148772],{"className":40,"code":148771,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,148773,148774,148794],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148775,148776,148778,148780,148782,148784,148786,148788,148790,148792],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148777,3012],{"class":53},[47,148779,58],{"class":57},[47,148781,8634],{"class":83},[47,148783,2377],{"class":586},[47,148785,590],{"class":83},[47,148787,2382],{"class":586},[47,148789,590],{"class":83},[47,148791,1841],{"class":586},[47,148793,107],{"class":83},[47,148795,148796,148798,148800,148802],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,148797,98],{"class":97},[47,148799,101],{"class":83},[47,148801,3044],{"class":87},[47,148803,107],{"class":83},[20,148805,338],{},[38,148807,148809],{"className":40,"code":148808,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,148810,148811],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148812,148813,148815,148817,148819,148821,148823,148825],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148814,101],{"class":83},[47,148816,2377],{"class":586},[47,148818,590],{"class":83},[47,148820,2382],{"class":586},[47,148822,590],{"class":83},[47,148824,1841],{"class":586},[47,148826,107],{"class":83},[20,148828,148829],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[38,148831,148833],{"className":40,"code":148832,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,148834,148835,148859],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148836,148837,148839,148841,148843,148845,148847,148849,148851,148853,148855,148857],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148838,8563],{"class":53},[47,148840,58],{"class":57},[47,148842,8634],{"class":83},[47,148844,2377],{"class":586},[47,148846,590],{"class":83},[47,148848,62],{"class":61},[47,148850,3475],{"class":65},[47,148852,253],{"class":61},[47,148854,590],{"class":83},[47,148856,3312],{"class":1271},[47,148858,107],{"class":83},[47,148860,148861,148863,148865,148867],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,148862,98],{"class":97},[47,148864,101],{"class":83},[47,148866,8602],{"class":87},[47,148868,107],{"class":83},[20,148870,338],{},[38,148872,148874],{"className":40,"code":148873,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,148875,148876],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148877,148878,148880,148882,148884,148886,148888,148890,148892,148894],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148879,101],{"class":83},[47,148881,2377],{"class":586},[47,148883,590],{"class":83},[47,148885,2688],{"class":61},[47,148887,3475],{"class":65},[47,148889,2693],{"class":61},[47,148891,590],{"class":83},[47,148893,3312],{"class":1271},[47,148895,107],{"class":83},[20,148897,148898,148899,84],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[154,148900,148902],{"href":148901},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[33,148904,148906],{"id":148905},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,148908,148909],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[38,148911,148913],{"className":40,"code":148912,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,148914,148915,148923,148933],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148916,148917,148919,148921],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148918,124243],{"class":53},[47,148920,58],{"class":57},[47,148922,148571],{"class":83},[47,148924,148925,148927,148929,148931],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,148926,98],{"class":97},[47,148928,101],{"class":83},[47,148930,124294],{"class":87},[47,148932,107],{"class":83},[47,148934,148935,148937,148939,148941,148943,148945],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,148936,98],{"class":97},[47,148938,101],{"class":83},[47,148940,2613],{"class":919},[47,148942,101],{"class":83},[47,148944,124294],{"class":87},[47,148946,1419],{"class":83},[20,148948,338],{},[38,148950,148952],{"className":40,"code":148951,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,148953,148954,148958],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148955,148956],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148957,91],{"class":83},[47,148959,148960,148962,148964,148966,148968,148970],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,148961,2682],{"class":57},[47,148963,2685],{"class":1458},[47,148965,2688],{"class":61},[47,148967,48357],{"class":65},[47,148969,2693],{"class":61},[47,148971,2696],{"class":57},[20,148973,148974],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,148976,148977],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[133,148979,148980,148985],{},[136,148981,148982,148983],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,148984,666],{},[136,148986,148987,148988],{},"Empty list: ",[15,148989,3183],{},[20,148991,148992,148993,84],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[154,148994,148995],{"href":56559},"Python list: creating a list",[33,148997,148999],{"id":148998},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149001,149002],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149004,149005,149006,149008],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[121,149007,123],{}," automatically a tuple:",[38,149010,149012],{"className":40,"code":149011,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149013,149014,149026,149036],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149015,149016,149018,149020,149022,149024],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149017,1836],{"class":53},[47,149019,58],{"class":57},[47,149021,8634],{"class":83},[47,149023,1531],{"class":586},[47,149025,107],{"class":83},[47,149027,149028,149030,149032,149034],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149029,98],{"class":97},[47,149031,101],{"class":83},[47,149033,1863],{"class":87},[47,149035,107],{"class":83},[47,149037,149038,149040,149042,149044,149046,149048],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,149039,98],{"class":97},[47,149041,101],{"class":83},[47,149043,2613],{"class":919},[47,149045,101],{"class":83},[47,149047,1863],{"class":87},[47,149049,1419],{"class":83},[20,149051,338],{},[38,149053,149055],{"className":40,"code":149054,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149056,149057,149061],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149058,149059],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149060,2335],{"class":586},[47,149062,149063,149065,149067,149069,149071,149073],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149064,2682],{"class":57},[47,149066,2685],{"class":1458},[47,149068,2688],{"class":61},[47,149070,890],{"class":65},[47,149072,2693],{"class":61},[47,149074,2696],{"class":57},[20,149076,149077],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[38,149079,149081],{"className":40,"code":149080,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149082,149083,149095,149105],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149084,149085,149087,149089,149091,149093],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149086,148576],{"class":53},[47,149088,58],{"class":57},[47,149090,8634],{"class":83},[47,149092,1531],{"class":586},[47,149094,148585],{"class":83},[47,149096,149097,149099,149101,149103],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149098,98],{"class":97},[47,149100,101],{"class":83},[47,149102,148654],{"class":87},[47,149104,107],{"class":83},[47,149106,149107,149109,149111,149113,149115,149117],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,149108,98],{"class":97},[47,149110,101],{"class":83},[47,149112,2613],{"class":919},[47,149114,101],{"class":83},[47,149116,148654],{"class":87},[47,149118,1419],{"class":83},[20,149120,338],{},[38,149122,149124],{"className":40,"code":149123,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149125,149126,149134],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149127,149128,149130,149132],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149129,101],{"class":83},[47,149131,1531],{"class":586},[47,149133,148585],{"class":83},[47,149135,149136,149138,149140,149142,149144,149146],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149137,2682],{"class":57},[47,149139,2685],{"class":1458},[47,149141,2688],{"class":61},[47,149143,48357],{"class":65},[47,149145,2693],{"class":61},[47,149147,2696],{"class":57},[20,149149,788],{},[38,149151,149153],{"className":40,"code":149152,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149154,149155],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149156,149157,149159,149161,149163,149165],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149158,101],{"class":83},[47,149160,253],{"class":61},[47,149162,3475],{"class":65},[47,149164,253],{"class":61},[47,149166,148585],{"class":83},[20,149168,737],{},[38,149170,149172],{"className":40,"code":149171,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149173,149174],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149175,149176,149178,149180,149182,149184],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149177,101],{"class":83},[47,149179,253],{"class":61},[47,149181,3475],{"class":65},[47,149183,253],{"class":61},[47,149185,107],{"class":83},[20,149187,149188],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[33,149190,149192],{"id":149191},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149194,149195],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[724,149197,55867],{"id":3044},[38,149199,149200],{"className":40,"code":148771,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,149201,149202,149222],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149203,149204,149206,149208,149210,149212,149214,149216,149218,149220],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149205,3012],{"class":53},[47,149207,58],{"class":57},[47,149209,8634],{"class":83},[47,149211,2377],{"class":586},[47,149213,590],{"class":83},[47,149215,2382],{"class":586},[47,149217,590],{"class":83},[47,149219,1841],{"class":586},[47,149221,107],{"class":83},[47,149223,149224,149226,149228,149230],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149225,98],{"class":97},[47,149227,101],{"class":83},[47,149229,3044],{"class":87},[47,149231,107],{"class":83},[724,149233,55870],{"id":4708},[38,149235,149237],{"className":40,"code":149236,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149238,149239,149271],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149240,149241,149243,149245,149247,149249,149251,149253,149255,149257,149259,149261,149263,149265,149267,149269],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149242,12476],{"class":53},[47,149244,58],{"class":57},[47,149246,8634],{"class":83},[47,149248,253],{"class":61},[47,149250,12493],{"class":65},[47,149252,253],{"class":61},[47,149254,590],{"class":83},[47,149256,62],{"class":61},[47,149258,16858],{"class":65},[47,149260,253],{"class":61},[47,149262,590],{"class":83},[47,149264,62],{"class":61},[47,149266,12510],{"class":65},[47,149268,253],{"class":61},[47,149270,107],{"class":83},[47,149272,149273,149275,149277,149279],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149274,98],{"class":97},[47,149276,101],{"class":83},[47,149278,16905],{"class":87},[47,149280,107],{"class":83},[724,149282,149284],{"id":149283},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[38,149286,149288],{"className":40,"code":149287,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149289,149290,149314],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149291,149292,149294,149296,149298,149300,149302,149304,149306,149308,149310,149312],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149293,58879],{"class":53},[47,149295,58],{"class":57},[47,149297,8634],{"class":83},[47,149299,2377],{"class":586},[47,149301,590],{"class":83},[47,149303,62],{"class":61},[47,149305,3475],{"class":65},[47,149307,253],{"class":61},[47,149309,590],{"class":83},[47,149311,3312],{"class":1271},[47,149313,107],{"class":83},[47,149315,149316,149318,149320,149322],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149317,98],{"class":97},[47,149319,101],{"class":83},[47,149321,58932],{"class":87},[47,149323,107],{"class":83},[724,149325,149327],{"id":149326},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,149329,149330],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[38,149332,149334],{"className":40,"code":149333,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,149335,149336,149377],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149337,149338,149341,149343,149345,149347,149349,149351,149353,149355,149357,149359,149361,149363,149365,149367,149369,149371,149373,149375],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149339,149340],{"class":53},"nested ",[47,149342,58],{"class":57},[47,149344,8634],{"class":83},[47,149346,2377],{"class":586},[47,149348,590],{"class":83},[47,149350,8634],{"class":83},[47,149352,253],{"class":61},[47,149354,154],{"class":65},[47,149356,253],{"class":61},[47,149358,590],{"class":83},[47,149360,62],{"class":61},[47,149362,4158],{"class":65},[47,149364,253],{"class":61},[47,149366,8631],{"class":83},[47,149368,3017],{"class":83},[47,149370,1719],{"class":586},[47,149372,590],{"class":83},[47,149374,7189],{"class":586},[47,149376,3284],{"class":83},[47,149378,149379,149381,149383,149386],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149380,98],{"class":97},[47,149382,101],{"class":83},[47,149384,149385],{"class":87},"nested",[47,149387,107],{"class":83},[20,149389,338],{},[38,149391,149393],{"className":40,"code":149392,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,149394,149395],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149396,149397,149399,149401,149403,149405,149407,149409,149411,149413,149415,149417,149419,149421,149423,149425,149427,149429],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149398,101],{"class":83},[47,149400,2377],{"class":586},[47,149402,590],{"class":83},[47,149404,8634],{"class":83},[47,149406,2693],{"class":61},[47,149408,154],{"class":65},[47,149410,2693],{"class":61},[47,149412,590],{"class":83},[47,149414,2688],{"class":61},[47,149416,4158],{"class":65},[47,149418,2693],{"class":61},[47,149420,8631],{"class":83},[47,149422,3017],{"class":83},[47,149424,1719],{"class":586},[47,149426,590],{"class":83},[47,149428,7189],{"class":586},[47,149430,3284],{"class":83},[33,149432,149434,149435],{"id":149433},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,149436,37451],{},[20,149438,149439,149440,149442],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,149441,37451],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,149444,149445,149446,84],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[154,149447,62623],{"href":62622},[724,149449,104647],{"id":104646},[38,149451,149453],{"className":40,"code":149452,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149454,149455,149477],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149456,149457,149459,149461,149463,149465,149467,149469,149471,149473,149475],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149458,3012],{"class":53},[47,149460,58],{"class":57},[47,149462,148595],{"class":919},[47,149464,2374],{"class":83},[47,149466,2377],{"class":586},[47,149468,590],{"class":83},[47,149470,2382],{"class":586},[47,149472,590],{"class":83},[47,149474,1841],{"class":586},[47,149476,3284],{"class":83},[47,149478,149479,149481,149483,149485],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149480,98],{"class":97},[47,149482,101],{"class":83},[47,149484,3044],{"class":87},[47,149486,107],{"class":83},[20,149488,338],{},[38,149490,149491],{"className":40,"code":148808,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,149492,149493],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149494,149495,149497,149499,149501,149503,149505,149507],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149496,101],{"class":83},[47,149498,2377],{"class":586},[47,149500,590],{"class":83},[47,149502,2382],{"class":586},[47,149504,590],{"class":83},[47,149506,1841],{"class":586},[47,149508,107],{"class":83},[724,149510,104833],{"id":104832},[38,149512,149514],{"className":40,"code":149513,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,149515,149516,149534],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149517,149518,149520,149522,149524,149526,149528,149530,149532],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149519,35494],{"class":53},[47,149521,58],{"class":57},[47,149523,148595],{"class":919},[47,149525,101],{"class":83},[47,149527,253],{"class":61},[47,149529,40964],{"class":65},[47,149531,253],{"class":61},[47,149533,107],{"class":83},[47,149535,149536,149538,149540,149542],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149537,98],{"class":97},[47,149539,101],{"class":83},[47,149541,35547],{"class":87},[47,149543,107],{"class":83},[20,149545,338],{},[38,149547,149549],{"className":40,"code":149548,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149550,149551],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149552,149553,149555,149557,149559,149561,149563,149565,149567,149569,149571,149573,149575,149577],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149554,101],{"class":83},[47,149556,2693],{"class":61},[47,149558,154],{"class":65},[47,149560,2693],{"class":61},[47,149562,590],{"class":83},[47,149564,2688],{"class":61},[47,149566,4158],{"class":65},[47,149568,2693],{"class":61},[47,149570,590],{"class":83},[47,149572,2688],{"class":61},[47,149574,9138],{"class":65},[47,149576,2693],{"class":61},[47,149578,107],{"class":83},[20,149580,149581],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[724,149583,149585],{"id":149584},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[38,149587,149589],{"className":40,"code":149588,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,149590,149591,149609],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149592,149593,149595,149597,149599,149601,149603,149605,149607],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149594,3219],{"class":53},[47,149596,58],{"class":57},[47,149598,148595],{"class":919},[47,149600,101],{"class":83},[47,149602,59405],{"class":97},[47,149604,101],{"class":83},[47,149606,1896],{"class":586},[47,149608,1419],{"class":83},[47,149610,149611,149613,149615,149617],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149612,98],{"class":97},[47,149614,101],{"class":83},[47,149616,4758],{"class":87},[47,149618,107],{"class":83},[20,149620,338],{},[38,149622,149624],{"className":40,"code":149623,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149625,149626],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149627,149628,149630,149632,149634,149636,149638,149640,149642,149644],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149629,101],{"class":83},[47,149631,1514],{"class":586},[47,149633,590],{"class":83},[47,149635,4898],{"class":586},[47,149637,590],{"class":83},[47,149639,2382],{"class":586},[47,149641,590],{"class":83},[47,149643,1841],{"class":586},[47,149645,107],{"class":83},[20,149647,149648],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[33,149650,20203],{"id":20202},[133,149652,149653,149656,149659,149662],{},[136,149654,149655],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[136,149657,149658],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[136,149660,149661],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[136,149663,149664],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,149666,149667,149668,84],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[154,149669,149671],{"href":149670},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[33,149673,722],{"id":721},[20,149675,149676],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[724,149678,149680],{"id":149679},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,149682,149683],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[38,149685,149687],{"className":40,"code":149686,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,149688,149689,149705],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149690,149691,149693,149695,149697,149699,149701,149703],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149692,27942],{"class":53},[47,149694,58],{"class":57},[47,149696,8634],{"class":83},[47,149698,253],{"class":61},[47,149700,3475],{"class":65},[47,149702,253],{"class":61},[47,149704,107],{"class":83},[47,149706,149707,149709,149711,149713,149715,149717],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149708,98],{"class":97},[47,149710,101],{"class":83},[47,149712,2613],{"class":919},[47,149714,101],{"class":83},[47,149716,22713],{"class":87},[47,149718,1419],{"class":83},[20,149720,149721],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[38,149723,149725],{"className":40,"code":149724,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,149726,149727,149743],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149728,149729,149731,149733,149735,149737,149739,149741],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149730,27942],{"class":53},[47,149732,58],{"class":57},[47,149734,8634],{"class":83},[47,149736,253],{"class":61},[47,149738,3475],{"class":65},[47,149740,253],{"class":61},[47,149742,148585],{"class":83},[47,149744,149745,149747,149749,149751,149753,149755],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149746,98],{"class":97},[47,149748,101],{"class":83},[47,149750,2613],{"class":919},[47,149752,101],{"class":83},[47,149754,22713],{"class":87},[47,149756,1419],{"class":83},[724,149758,149760],{"id":149759},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,149762,149763],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[38,149765,149767],{"className":40,"code":149766,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,149768,149769,149789],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149770,149771,149773,149775,149777,149779,149781,149783,149785,149787],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149772,3219],{"class":53},[47,149774,58],{"class":57},[47,149776,3017],{"class":83},[47,149778,2377],{"class":586},[47,149780,590],{"class":83},[47,149782,2382],{"class":586},[47,149784,590],{"class":83},[47,149786,1841],{"class":586},[47,149788,3030],{"class":83},[47,149790,149791,149793,149795,149797,149799,149801],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149792,98],{"class":97},[47,149794,101],{"class":83},[47,149796,2613],{"class":919},[47,149798,101],{"class":83},[47,149800,4758],{"class":87},[47,149802,1419],{"class":83},[20,149804,149805],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[38,149807,149809],{"className":40,"code":149808,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,149810,149811,149831],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149812,149813,149815,149817,149819,149821,149823,149825,149827,149829],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149814,3219],{"class":53},[47,149816,58],{"class":57},[47,149818,8634],{"class":83},[47,149820,2377],{"class":586},[47,149822,590],{"class":83},[47,149824,2382],{"class":586},[47,149826,590],{"class":83},[47,149828,1841],{"class":586},[47,149830,107],{"class":83},[47,149832,149833,149835,149837,149839,149841,149843],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149834,98],{"class":97},[47,149836,101],{"class":83},[47,149838,2613],{"class":919},[47,149840,101],{"class":83},[47,149842,4758],{"class":87},[47,149844,1419],{"class":83},[724,149846,149848],{"id":149847},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,149850,149661],{},[38,149852,149854],{"className":40,"code":149853,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,149855,149856,149876],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149857,149858,149860,149862,149864,149866,149868,149870,149872,149874],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149859,3012],{"class":53},[47,149861,58],{"class":57},[47,149863,8634],{"class":83},[47,149865,2377],{"class":586},[47,149867,590],{"class":83},[47,149869,2382],{"class":586},[47,149871,590],{"class":83},[47,149873,1841],{"class":586},[47,149875,107],{"class":83},[47,149877,149878],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149879,149880],{"class":113},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,149882,149883],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[724,149885,946,149887,149890],{"id":149886},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,149888,149889],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,149892,64049],{},[38,149894,149895],{"className":40,"code":149513,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,149896,149897,149915],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149898,149899,149901,149903,149905,149907,149909,149911,149913],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149900,35494],{"class":53},[47,149902,58],{"class":57},[47,149904,148595],{"class":919},[47,149906,101],{"class":83},[47,149908,253],{"class":61},[47,149910,40964],{"class":65},[47,149912,253],{"class":61},[47,149914,107],{"class":83},[47,149916,149917,149919,149921,149923],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149918,98],{"class":97},[47,149920,101],{"class":83},[47,149922,35547],{"class":87},[47,149924,107],{"class":83},[20,149926,149927],{},"gives:",[38,149929,149930],{"className":40,"code":149548,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,149931,149932],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149933,149934,149936,149938,149940,149942,149944,149946,149948,149950,149952,149954,149956,149958],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149935,101],{"class":83},[47,149937,2693],{"class":61},[47,149939,154],{"class":65},[47,149941,2693],{"class":61},[47,149943,590],{"class":83},[47,149945,2688],{"class":61},[47,149947,4158],{"class":65},[47,149949,2693],{"class":61},[47,149951,590],{"class":83},[47,149953,2688],{"class":61},[47,149955,9138],{"class":65},[47,149957,2693],{"class":61},[47,149959,107],{"class":83},[20,149961,149962],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[38,149964,149966],{"className":40,"code":149965,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,149967,149968,149984],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149969,149970,149972,149974,149976,149978,149980,149982],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149971,281],{"class":53},[47,149973,58],{"class":57},[47,149975,8634],{"class":83},[47,149977,253],{"class":61},[47,149979,40964],{"class":65},[47,149981,253],{"class":61},[47,149983,148585],{"class":83},[47,149985,149986,149988,149990,149992],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149987,98],{"class":97},[47,149989,101],{"class":83},[47,149991,321],{"class":87},[47,149993,107],{"class":83},[20,149995,338],{},[38,149997,149999],{"className":40,"code":149998,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('abc',)\n",[15,150000,150001],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150002,150003,150005,150007,150009,150011],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150004,101],{"class":83},[47,150006,2693],{"class":61},[47,150008,40964],{"class":65},[47,150010,2693],{"class":61},[47,150012,148585],{"class":83},[724,150014,150016],{"id":150015},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150018,150019],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[38,150021,150023],{"className":40,"code":150022,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150024,150025,150042,150046,150056,150070],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150026,150027,150030,150032,150034,150036,150038,150040],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150028,150029],{"class":53},"my_tuple ",[47,150031,58],{"class":57},[47,150033,8634],{"class":83},[47,150035,253],{"class":61},[47,150037,3475],{"class":65},[47,150039,253],{"class":61},[47,150041,148585],{"class":83},[47,150043,150044],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,150045,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,150047,150048,150050,150052,150054],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,150049,98],{"class":97},[47,150051,101],{"class":83},[47,150053,147247],{"class":87},[47,150055,107],{"class":83},[47,150057,150058,150060,150062,150064,150066,150068],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,150059,98],{"class":97},[47,150061,101],{"class":83},[47,150063,2613],{"class":919},[47,150065,101],{"class":83},[47,150067,147247],{"class":87},[47,150069,1419],{"class":83},[47,150071,150072,150074,150076,150078,150080,150082],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,150073,98],{"class":97},[47,150075,101],{"class":83},[47,150077,10562],{"class":97},[47,150079,101],{"class":83},[47,150081,147247],{"class":87},[47,150083,1419],{"class":83},[33,150085,1155],{"id":1154},[724,150087,150089],{"id":150088},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150091,150092,150093,150096],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150094,150095],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[724,150098,150100],{"id":150099},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150102,150103],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[724,150105,150107],{"id":150106},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150109,150110],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[724,150112,150114],{"id":150113},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150116,150117],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[724,150119,4540,150121,12115],{"id":150120},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150122,149889],{},[20,150124,4546,150125,150128],{},[15,150126,150127],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[33,150130,1275],{"id":1274},[133,150132,150133,150137,150141,150147,150152,150157,150161],{},[136,150134,150135],{},[154,150136,147229],{"href":147228},[136,150138,150139],{},[154,150140,148902],{"href":148901},[136,150142,150143],{},[154,150144,150146],{"href":150145},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[136,150148,150149],{},[154,150150,150151],{"href":148467},"Python tuple length with len()",[136,150153,150154],{},[154,150155,150156],{"href":148532},"What is a tuple in Python?",[136,150158,150159],{},[154,150160,62623],{"href":62622},[136,150162,150163],{},[154,150164,150165],{"href":149670},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1320,150167,150168],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":150170},[150171,150172,150173,150174,150175,150176,150182,150188,150189,150197,150205],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":14564,"depth":72,"text":14565},{"id":148761,"depth":72,"text":148762},{"id":148905,"depth":72,"text":148906},{"id":148998,"depth":72,"text":148999},{"id":149191,"depth":72,"text":149192,"children":150177},[150178,150179,150180,150181],{"id":3044,"depth":94,"text":55867},{"id":4708,"depth":94,"text":55870},{"id":149283,"depth":94,"text":149284},{"id":149326,"depth":94,"text":149327},{"id":149433,"depth":72,"text":150183,"children":150184},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150185,150186,150187],{"id":104646,"depth":94,"text":104647},{"id":104832,"depth":94,"text":104833},{"id":149584,"depth":94,"text":149585},{"id":20202,"depth":72,"text":20203},{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722,"children":150190},[150191,150192,150193,150194,150196],{"id":149679,"depth":94,"text":149680},{"id":149759,"depth":94,"text":149760},{"id":149847,"depth":94,"text":149848},{"id":149886,"depth":94,"text":150195},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150015,"depth":94,"text":150016},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":150198},[150199,150200,150201,150202,150203],{"id":150088,"depth":94,"text":150089},{"id":150099,"depth":94,"text":150100},{"id":150106,"depth":94,"text":150107},{"id":150113,"depth":94,"text":150114},{"id":150120,"depth":94,"text":150204},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":148518,"description":150206},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150213,"title":150214,"body":150215,"description":151760,"extension":1354,"meta":151761,"navigation":311,"path":151762,"seo":151763,"stem":151764,"__hash__":151765},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150216,"toc":151730},[150217,150220,150225,150227,150240,150246,150248,150315,150317,150352,150357,150361,150365,150367,150378,150386,150388,150390,150411,150413,150433,150436,150438,150443,150486,150488,150510,150513,150526,150530,150534,150537,150590,150592,150613,150618,150622,150625,150670,150672,150705,150717,150721,150729,150766,150768,150797,150801,150804,150857,150859,150879,150886,150890,150895,150964,150966,150991,150995,150998,151004,151081,151083,151142,151144,151156,151161,151165,151169,151183,151185,151220,151222,151239,151242,151255,151259,151263,151274,151279,151294,151297,151300,151302,151305,151309,151311,151325,151327,151351,151356,151360,151363,151382,151385,151434,151439,151456,151459,151492,151496,151498,151549,151552,151577,151580,151603,151607,151613,151615,151650,151653,151658,151660,151664,151667,151671,151676,151680,151683,151687,151690,151694,151699,151701,151727],[10,150218,150214],{"id":150219},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150221,8520,150222,150224],{},[15,150223,37451],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150226,81994],{},[133,150228,150229,150234],{},[136,150230,150231,150233],{},[15,150232,37451],{}," creates an empty tuple",[136,150235,150236,150239],{},[15,150237,150238],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150241,150242,150243,150245],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150244,37451],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[33,150247,36],{"id":35},[38,150249,150251],{"className":40,"code":150250,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150252,150253,150273,150287,150291,150301],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150254,150255,150257,150259,150261,150263,150265,150267,150269,150271],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150256,3012],{"class":53},[47,150258,58],{"class":57},[47,150260,3017],{"class":83},[47,150262,2377],{"class":586},[47,150264,590],{"class":83},[47,150266,2382],{"class":586},[47,150268,590],{"class":83},[47,150270,1841],{"class":586},[47,150272,3030],{"class":83},[47,150274,150275,150277,150279,150281,150283,150285],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,150276,75],{"class":53},[47,150278,58],{"class":57},[47,150280,148595],{"class":919},[47,150282,101],{"class":83},[47,150284,3044],{"class":87},[47,150286,107],{"class":83},[47,150288,150289],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,150290,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,150292,150293,150295,150297,150299],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,150294,98],{"class":97},[47,150296,101],{"class":83},[47,150298,104],{"class":87},[47,150300,107],{"class":83},[47,150302,150303,150305,150307,150309,150311,150313],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,150304,98],{"class":97},[47,150306,101],{"class":83},[47,150308,2613],{"class":919},[47,150310,101],{"class":83},[47,150312,104],{"class":87},[47,150314,1419],{"class":83},[20,150316,338],{},[38,150318,150320],{"className":40,"code":150319,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150321,150322,150338],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150323,150324,150326,150328,150330,150332,150334,150336],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150325,101],{"class":83},[47,150327,2377],{"class":586},[47,150329,590],{"class":83},[47,150331,2382],{"class":586},[47,150333,590],{"class":83},[47,150335,1841],{"class":586},[47,150337,107],{"class":83},[47,150339,150340,150342,150344,150346,150348,150350],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,150341,2682],{"class":57},[47,150343,2685],{"class":1458},[47,150345,2688],{"class":61},[47,150347,48357],{"class":65},[47,150349,2693],{"class":61},[47,150351,2696],{"class":57},[20,150353,1486,150354,150356],{},[15,150355,150238],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[33,150358,150360],{"id":150359},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,150362,150363,62331],{},[15,150364,37451],{},[20,150366,48331],{},[133,150368,150369,150372,150375],{},[136,150370,150371],{},"creates a tuple object",[136,150373,150374],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[136,150376,150377],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,150379,150380,150381,150383,150384,84],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[154,150382,148533],{"href":148532}," or the full guide to ",[154,150385,147229],{"href":147228},[33,150387,166],{"id":165},[20,150389,25891],{},[38,150391,150393],{"className":40,"code":150392,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,150394,150395,150401],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150396,150397,150399],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150398,48357],{"class":919},[47,150400,91],{"class":83},[47,150402,150403,150405,150407,150409],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,150404,48357],{"class":919},[47,150406,101],{"class":83},[47,150408,3116],{"class":87},[47,150410,107],{"class":83},[20,150412,188],{},[133,150414,150415,150418],{},[136,150416,150417],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[136,150419,150420,150421],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[133,150422,150423,150425,150427,150429,150431],{},[136,150424,4699],{},[136,150426,4708],{},[136,150428,62402],{},[136,150430,4705],{},[136,150432,6650],{},[20,150434,150435],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[33,150437,148906],{"id":148905},[20,150439,29054,150440,150442],{},[15,150441,37451],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[38,150444,150446],{"className":40,"code":150445,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,150447,150448,150458,150462,150472],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150449,150450,150452,150454,150456],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150451,124243],{"class":53},[47,150453,58],{"class":57},[47,150455,148595],{"class":919},[47,150457,91],{"class":83},[47,150459,150460],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,150461,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,150463,150464,150466,150468,150470],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,150465,98],{"class":97},[47,150467,101],{"class":83},[47,150469,124294],{"class":87},[47,150471,107],{"class":83},[47,150473,150474,150476,150478,150480,150482,150484],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,150475,98],{"class":97},[47,150477,101],{"class":83},[47,150479,2613],{"class":919},[47,150481,101],{"class":83},[47,150483,124294],{"class":87},[47,150485,1419],{"class":83},[20,150487,338],{},[38,150489,150490],{"className":40,"code":148951,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,150491,150492,150496],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150493,150494],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150495,91],{"class":83},[47,150497,150498,150500,150502,150504,150506,150508],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,150499,2682],{"class":57},[47,150501,2685],{"class":1458},[47,150503,2688],{"class":61},[47,150505,48357],{"class":65},[47,150507,2693],{"class":61},[47,150509,2696],{"class":57},[20,150511,150512],{},"This is equivalent to:",[38,150514,150516],{"className":40,"code":150515,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty = ()\n",[15,150517,150518],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150519,150520,150522,150524],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150521,124243],{"class":53},[47,150523,58],{"class":57},[47,150525,148571],{"class":83},[33,150527,150529],{"id":150528},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[724,150531,150533],{"id":150532},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,150535,150536],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[38,150538,150540],{"className":40,"code":150539,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150541,150542,150562,150576,150580],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150543,150544,150546,150548,150550,150552,150554,150556,150558,150560],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150545,3012],{"class":53},[47,150547,58],{"class":57},[47,150549,3017],{"class":83},[47,150551,1719],{"class":586},[47,150553,590],{"class":83},[47,150555,7189],{"class":586},[47,150557,590],{"class":83},[47,150559,7194],{"class":586},[47,150561,3030],{"class":83},[47,150563,150564,150566,150568,150570,150572,150574],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,150565,75],{"class":53},[47,150567,58],{"class":57},[47,150569,148595],{"class":919},[47,150571,101],{"class":83},[47,150573,3044],{"class":87},[47,150575,107],{"class":83},[47,150577,150578],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,150579,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,150581,150582,150584,150586,150588],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,150583,98],{"class":97},[47,150585,101],{"class":83},[47,150587,104],{"class":87},[47,150589,107],{"class":83},[20,150591,338],{},[38,150593,150595],{"className":40,"code":150594,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,150596,150597],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150598,150599,150601,150603,150605,150607,150609,150611],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150600,101],{"class":83},[47,150602,1719],{"class":586},[47,150604,590],{"class":83},[47,150606,7189],{"class":586},[47,150608,590],{"class":83},[47,150610,7194],{"class":586},[47,150612,107],{"class":83},[20,150614,150615,150616,84],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[154,150617,104452],{"href":59462},[724,150619,150621],{"id":150620},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,150623,150624],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[38,150626,150628],{"className":40,"code":150627,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150629,150630,150642,150656,150660],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150631,150632,150634,150636,150638,150640],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150633,54],{"class":53},[47,150635,58],{"class":57},[47,150637,62],{"class":61},[47,150639,36452],{"class":65},[47,150641,69],{"class":61},[47,150643,150644,150646,150648,150650,150652,150654],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,150645,75],{"class":53},[47,150647,58],{"class":57},[47,150649,148595],{"class":919},[47,150651,101],{"class":83},[47,150653,565],{"class":87},[47,150655,107],{"class":83},[47,150657,150658],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,150659,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,150661,150662,150664,150666,150668],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,150663,98],{"class":97},[47,150665,101],{"class":83},[47,150667,104],{"class":87},[47,150669,107],{"class":83},[20,150671,338],{},[38,150673,150675],{"className":40,"code":150674,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,150676,150677],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150678,150679,150681,150683,150685,150687,150689,150691,150693,150695,150697,150699,150701,150703],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150680,101],{"class":83},[47,150682,2693],{"class":61},[47,150684,9138],{"class":65},[47,150686,2693],{"class":61},[47,150688,590],{"class":83},[47,150690,2688],{"class":61},[47,150692,154],{"class":65},[47,150694,2693],{"class":61},[47,150696,590],{"class":83},[47,150698,2688],{"class":61},[47,150700,62692],{"class":65},[47,150702,2693],{"class":61},[47,150704,107],{"class":83},[20,150706,150707,150708,13455,150711,150713,150714,84],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,150709,150710],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[121,150712,123],{}," create ",[15,150715,150716],{},"('cat',)",[724,150718,150720],{"id":150719},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,150722,150723,150725,150726,150728],{},[15,150724,35602],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,150727,37451],{}," collects them all.",[38,150730,150732],{"className":40,"code":150731,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150733,150734,150752,150756],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150735,150736,150738,150740,150742,150744,150746,150748,150750],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150737,75],{"class":53},[47,150739,58],{"class":57},[47,150741,148595],{"class":919},[47,150743,101],{"class":83},[47,150745,59405],{"class":97},[47,150747,101],{"class":83},[47,150749,1531],{"class":586},[47,150751,1419],{"class":83},[47,150753,150754],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,150755,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,150757,150758,150760,150762,150764],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,150759,98],{"class":97},[47,150761,101],{"class":83},[47,150763,104],{"class":87},[47,150765,107],{"class":83},[20,150767,338],{},[38,150769,150771],{"className":40,"code":150770,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,150772,150773],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150774,150775,150777,150779,150781,150783,150785,150787,150789,150791,150793,150795],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150776,101],{"class":83},[47,150778,1514],{"class":586},[47,150780,590],{"class":83},[47,150782,4898],{"class":586},[47,150784,590],{"class":83},[47,150786,2382],{"class":586},[47,150788,590],{"class":83},[47,150790,1841],{"class":586},[47,150792,590],{"class":83},[47,150794,1847],{"class":586},[47,150796,107],{"class":83},[724,150798,150800],{"id":150799},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,150802,150803],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[38,150805,150807],{"className":40,"code":150806,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150808,150809,150829,150843,150847],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150810,150811,150813,150815,150817,150819,150821,150823,150825,150827],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150812,3219],{"class":53},[47,150814,58],{"class":57},[47,150816,9890],{"class":83},[47,150818,2377],{"class":586},[47,150820,590],{"class":83},[47,150822,2382],{"class":586},[47,150824,590],{"class":83},[47,150826,1841],{"class":586},[47,150828,8707],{"class":83},[47,150830,150831,150833,150835,150837,150839,150841],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,150832,75],{"class":53},[47,150834,58],{"class":57},[47,150836,148595],{"class":919},[47,150838,101],{"class":83},[47,150840,4758],{"class":87},[47,150842,107],{"class":83},[47,150844,150845],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,150846,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,150848,150849,150851,150853,150855],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,150850,98],{"class":97},[47,150852,101],{"class":83},[47,150854,104],{"class":87},[47,150856,107],{"class":83},[20,150858,338],{},[38,150860,150861],{"className":40,"code":148808,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,150862,150863],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150864,150865,150867,150869,150871,150873,150875,150877],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150866,101],{"class":83},[47,150868,2377],{"class":586},[47,150870,590],{"class":83},[47,150872,2382],{"class":586},[47,150874,590],{"class":83},[47,150876,1841],{"class":586},[47,150878,107],{"class":83},[20,150880,150881,150882,84],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[154,150883,150885],{"href":150884},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[724,150887,150889],{"id":150888},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,150891,62945,150892,150894],{},[15,150893,37451],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[38,150896,150898],{"className":40,"code":150897,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150899,150900,150936,150950,150954],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150901,150902,150904,150906,150908,150910,150912,150914,150916,150918,150920,150922,150924,150926,150928,150930,150932,150934],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150903,12605],{"class":53},[47,150905,58],{"class":57},[47,150907,9890],{"class":83},[47,150909,253],{"class":61},[47,150911,229],{"class":65},[47,150913,253],{"class":61},[47,150915,1032],{"class":83},[47,150917,62],{"class":61},[47,150919,12280],{"class":65},[47,150921,253],{"class":61},[47,150923,590],{"class":83},[47,150925,62],{"class":61},[47,150927,8697],{"class":65},[47,150929,253],{"class":61},[47,150931,1032],{"class":83},[47,150933,8704],{"class":586},[47,150935,8707],{"class":83},[47,150937,150938,150940,150942,150944,150946,150948],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,150939,75],{"class":53},[47,150941,58],{"class":57},[47,150943,148595],{"class":919},[47,150945,101],{"class":83},[47,150947,16709],{"class":87},[47,150949,107],{"class":83},[47,150951,150952],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,150953,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,150955,150956,150958,150960,150962],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,150957,98],{"class":97},[47,150959,101],{"class":83},[47,150961,104],{"class":87},[47,150963,107],{"class":83},[20,150965,29434],{},[38,150967,150969],{"className":40,"code":150968,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,150970,150971],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150972,150973,150975,150977,150979,150981,150983,150985,150987,150989],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150974,101],{"class":83},[47,150976,2693],{"class":61},[47,150978,229],{"class":65},[47,150980,2693],{"class":61},[47,150982,590],{"class":83},[47,150984,2688],{"class":61},[47,150986,8697],{"class":65},[47,150988,2693],{"class":61},[47,150990,107],{"class":83},[33,150992,150994],{"id":150993},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,150996,150997],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,150999,151000,151003],{},[15,151001,151002],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[38,151005,151007],{"className":40,"code":151006,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151008,151009,151045,151049,151063],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151010,151011,151013,151015,151017,151019,151021,151023,151025,151027,151029,151031,151033,151035,151037,151039,151041,151043],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151012,12605],{"class":53},[47,151014,58],{"class":57},[47,151016,9890],{"class":83},[47,151018,253],{"class":61},[47,151020,229],{"class":65},[47,151022,253],{"class":61},[47,151024,1032],{"class":83},[47,151026,62],{"class":61},[47,151028,12280],{"class":65},[47,151030,253],{"class":61},[47,151032,590],{"class":83},[47,151034,62],{"class":61},[47,151036,8697],{"class":65},[47,151038,253],{"class":61},[47,151040,1032],{"class":83},[47,151042,8704],{"class":586},[47,151044,8707],{"class":83},[47,151046,151047],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,151048,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,151050,151051,151053,151055,151057,151059,151061],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,151052,98],{"class":97},[47,151054,101],{"class":83},[47,151056,48357],{"class":919},[47,151058,101],{"class":83},[47,151060,16709],{"class":87},[47,151062,1419],{"class":83},[47,151064,151065,151067,151069,151071,151073,151075,151077,151079],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,151066,98],{"class":97},[47,151068,101],{"class":83},[47,151070,48357],{"class":919},[47,151072,101],{"class":83},[47,151074,16709],{"class":87},[47,151076,84],{"class":83},[47,151078,7209],{"class":87},[47,151080,5690],{"class":83},[20,151082,338],{},[38,151084,151086],{"className":40,"code":151085,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151087,151088,151108],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151089,151090,151092,151094,151096,151098,151100,151102,151104,151106],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151091,101],{"class":83},[47,151093,2693],{"class":61},[47,151095,229],{"class":65},[47,151097,2693],{"class":61},[47,151099,590],{"class":83},[47,151101,2688],{"class":61},[47,151103,8697],{"class":65},[47,151105,2693],{"class":61},[47,151107,107],{"class":83},[47,151109,151110,151112,151114,151116,151118,151120,151122,151124,151126,151128,151130,151132,151134,151136,151138,151140],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,151111,4911],{"class":83},[47,151113,2693],{"class":61},[47,151115,229],{"class":65},[47,151117,2693],{"class":61},[47,151119,590],{"class":83},[47,151121,2688],{"class":61},[47,151123,12280],{"class":65},[47,151125,2693],{"class":61},[47,151127,8631],{"class":83},[47,151129,8634],{"class":83},[47,151131,2693],{"class":61},[47,151133,8697],{"class":65},[47,151135,2693],{"class":61},[47,151137,590],{"class":83},[47,151139,8704],{"class":586},[47,151141,1419],{"class":83},[20,151143,18097],{},[133,151145,151146,151151],{},[136,151147,151148,151150],{},[15,151149,151002],{}," for keys",[136,151152,151153,31963],{},[15,151154,151155],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151157,151158,151159,84],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[154,151160,62955],{"href":62954},[33,151162,151164],{"id":151163},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151166,151167,17721],{},[15,151168,37451],{},[133,151170,151171,151174,151177,151180],{},[136,151172,151173],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[136,151175,151176],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[136,151178,151179],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[136,151181,151182],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151184,538],{},[38,151186,151188],{"className":40,"code":151187,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151189,151190,151209],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151191,151192,151195,151197,151199,151201,151203,151205,151207],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151193,151194],{"class":53},"coordinates ",[47,151196,58],{"class":57},[47,151198,148595],{"class":919},[47,151200,2374],{"class":83},[47,151202,1896],{"class":586},[47,151204,590],{"class":83},[47,151206,587],{"class":586},[47,151208,3284],{"class":83},[47,151210,151211,151213,151215,151218],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,151212,98],{"class":97},[47,151214,101],{"class":83},[47,151216,151217],{"class":87},"coordinates",[47,151219,107],{"class":83},[20,151221,338],{},[38,151223,151225],{"className":40,"code":151224,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151226,151227],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151228,151229,151231,151233,151235,151237],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151230,101],{"class":83},[47,151232,1896],{"class":586},[47,151234,590],{"class":83},[47,151236,587],{"class":586},[47,151238,107],{"class":83},[20,151240,151241],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[133,151243,151244,151246,151249,151252],{},[136,151245,151217],{},[136,151247,151248],{},"RGB colors",[136,151250,151251],{},"dates",[136,151253,151254],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[33,151256,151258],{"id":151257},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151260,43832,151261,10001],{},[15,151262,37451],{},[133,151264,151265,151268,151271],{},[136,151266,151267],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[136,151269,151270],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[136,151272,151273],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151275,115878,151276,151278],{},[121,151277,123],{}," work:",[38,151280,151282],{"className":40,"code":151281,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151283,151284],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151285,151286,151288,151290,151292],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151287,48357],{"class":919},[47,151289,101],{"class":83},[47,151291,1531],{"class":586},[47,151293,107],{"class":83},[20,151295,151296],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151298,151299],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[33,151301,114716],{"id":114715},[20,151303,151304],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[724,151306,151308],{"id":151307},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,151310,2225],{},[38,151312,151313],{"className":40,"code":151281,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,151314,151315],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151316,151317,151319,151321,151323],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151318,48357],{"class":919},[47,151320,101],{"class":83},[47,151322,1531],{"class":586},[47,151324,107],{"class":83},[20,151326,29085],{},[38,151328,151329],{"className":40,"code":63059,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,151330,151331],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151332,151333,151335,151337,151339,151341,151343,151345,151347,151349],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151334,2395],{"class":919},[47,151336,1032],{"class":83},[47,151338,2688],{"class":61},[47,151340,890],{"class":65},[47,151342,2693],{"class":61},[47,151344,24020],{"class":919},[47,151346,7495],{"class":57},[47,151348,7498],{"class":57},[47,151350,63082],{"class":53},[20,151352,151353,151354,84],{},"If you see this, read ",[154,151355,61696],{"href":52004},[724,151357,151359],{"id":151358},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,151361,151362],{},"This code:",[38,151364,151366],{"className":40,"code":151365,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,151367,151368],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151369,151370,151372,151374,151376,151378,151380],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151371,48357],{"class":919},[47,151373,101],{"class":83},[47,151375,253],{"class":61},[47,151377,256],{"class":65},[47,151379,253],{"class":61},[47,151381,107],{"class":83},[20,151383,151384],{},"returns:",[38,151386,151388],{"className":40,"code":151387,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,151389,151390],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151391,151392,151394,151396,151398,151400,151402,151404,151406,151408,151410,151412,151414,151416,151418,151420,151422,151424,151426,151428,151430,151432],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151393,101],{"class":83},[47,151395,2693],{"class":61},[47,151397,59844],{"class":65},[47,151399,2693],{"class":61},[47,151401,590],{"class":83},[47,151403,2688],{"class":61},[47,151405,59853],{"class":65},[47,151407,2693],{"class":61},[47,151409,590],{"class":83},[47,151411,2688],{"class":61},[47,151413,59862],{"class":65},[47,151415,2693],{"class":61},[47,151417,590],{"class":83},[47,151419,2688],{"class":61},[47,151421,59862],{"class":65},[47,151423,2693],{"class":61},[47,151425,590],{"class":83},[47,151427,2688],{"class":61},[47,151429,59879],{"class":65},[47,151431,2693],{"class":61},[47,151433,107],{"class":83},[20,151435,40309,151436,151438],{},[121,151437,123],{}," return:",[38,151440,151442],{"className":40,"code":151441,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('hello',)\n",[15,151443,151444],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151445,151446,151448,151450,151452,151454],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151447,101],{"class":83},[47,151449,2693],{"class":61},[47,151451,256],{"class":65},[47,151453,2693],{"class":61},[47,151455,148585],{"class":83},[20,151457,151458],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[38,151460,151462],{"className":40,"code":151461,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,151463,151464,151481],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151465,151466,151469,151471,151473,151475,151477,151479],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151467,151468],{"class":53},"single ",[47,151470,58],{"class":57},[47,151472,8634],{"class":83},[47,151474,253],{"class":61},[47,151476,256],{"class":65},[47,151478,253],{"class":61},[47,151480,148585],{"class":83},[47,151482,151483,151485,151487,151490],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,151484,98],{"class":97},[47,151486,101],{"class":83},[47,151488,151489],{"class":87},"single",[47,151491,107],{"class":83},[724,151493,151495],{"id":151494},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,151497,151362],{},[38,151499,151501],{"className":40,"code":151500,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,151502,151503,151535],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151504,151505,151507,151509,151511,151513,151515,151517,151519,151521,151523,151525,151527,151529,151531,151533],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151506,8563],{"class":53},[47,151508,58],{"class":57},[47,151510,9890],{"class":83},[47,151512,253],{"class":61},[47,151514,154],{"class":65},[47,151516,253],{"class":61},[47,151518,1032],{"class":83},[47,151520,4898],{"class":586},[47,151522,590],{"class":83},[47,151524,62],{"class":61},[47,151526,4158],{"class":65},[47,151528,253],{"class":61},[47,151530,1032],{"class":83},[47,151532,2382],{"class":586},[47,151534,8707],{"class":83},[47,151536,151537,151539,151541,151543,151545,151547],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,151538,98],{"class":97},[47,151540,101],{"class":83},[47,151542,48357],{"class":919},[47,151544,101],{"class":83},[47,151546,8602],{"class":87},[47,151548,1419],{"class":83},[20,151550,151551],{},"returns only the keys:",[38,151553,151555],{"className":40,"code":151554,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,151556,151557],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151558,151559,151561,151563,151565,151567,151569,151571,151573,151575],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151560,101],{"class":83},[47,151562,2693],{"class":61},[47,151564,154],{"class":65},[47,151566,2693],{"class":61},[47,151568,590],{"class":83},[47,151570,2688],{"class":61},[47,151572,4158],{"class":65},[47,151574,2693],{"class":61},[47,151576,107],{"class":83},[20,151578,151579],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[38,151581,151583],{"className":40,"code":151582,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,151584,151585],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151586,151587,151589,151591,151593,151595,151597,151599,151601],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151588,98],{"class":97},[47,151590,101],{"class":83},[47,151592,48357],{"class":919},[47,151594,101],{"class":83},[47,151596,8602],{"class":87},[47,151598,84],{"class":83},[47,151600,7209],{"class":87},[47,151602,5690],{"class":83},[724,151604,151606],{"id":151605},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,151608,151609,151610,151612],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,151611,37451],{}," conversion.",[20,151614,4872],{},[38,151616,151618],{"className":40,"code":151617,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,151619,151620,151640],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151621,151622,151624,151626,151628,151630,151632,151634,151636,151638],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151623,1836],{"class":53},[47,151625,58],{"class":57},[47,151627,8634],{"class":83},[47,151629,2377],{"class":586},[47,151631,590],{"class":83},[47,151633,2382],{"class":586},[47,151635,590],{"class":83},[47,151637,1841],{"class":586},[47,151639,107],{"class":83},[47,151641,151642,151644,151646,151648],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,151643,98],{"class":97},[47,151645,101],{"class":83},[47,151647,1863],{"class":87},[47,151649,107],{"class":83},[20,151651,151652],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,151654,24909,151655,151657],{},[15,151656,37451],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[33,151659,1155],{"id":1154},[724,151661,151663],{"id":151662},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,151665,151666],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[724,151668,151670],{"id":151669},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,151672,151673,151674,84],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,151675,666],{},[724,151677,151679],{"id":151678},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,151681,151682],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[724,151684,151686],{"id":151685},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,151688,151689],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[724,151691,151693],{"id":151692},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,151695,151696,151697,84],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,151698,2395],{},[33,151700,1275],{"id":1274},[133,151702,151703,151707,151711,151715,151719,151723],{},[136,151704,151705],{},[154,151706,147229],{"href":147228},[136,151708,151709],{},[154,151710,150156],{"href":148532},[136,151712,151713],{},[154,151714,104452],{"href":59462},[136,151716,151717],{},[154,151718,150885],{"href":150884},[136,151720,151721],{},[154,151722,62955],{"href":62954},[136,151724,151725],{},[154,151726,61696],{"href":52004},[1320,151728,151729],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":151731},[151732,151733,151734,151735,151736,151743,151744,151745,151746,151752,151759],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":150359,"depth":72,"text":150360},{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":148905,"depth":72,"text":148906},{"id":150528,"depth":72,"text":150529,"children":151737},[151738,151739,151740,151741,151742],{"id":150532,"depth":94,"text":150533},{"id":150620,"depth":94,"text":150621},{"id":150719,"depth":94,"text":150720},{"id":150799,"depth":94,"text":150800},{"id":150888,"depth":94,"text":150889},{"id":150993,"depth":72,"text":150994},{"id":151163,"depth":72,"text":151164},{"id":151257,"depth":72,"text":151258},{"id":114715,"depth":72,"text":114716,"children":151747},[151748,151749,151750,151751],{"id":151307,"depth":94,"text":151308},{"id":151358,"depth":94,"text":151359},{"id":151494,"depth":94,"text":151495},{"id":151605,"depth":94,"text":151606},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":151753},[151754,151755,151756,151757,151758],{"id":151662,"depth":94,"text":151663},{"id":151669,"depth":94,"text":151670},{"id":151678,"depth":94,"text":151679},{"id":151685,"depth":94,"text":151686},{"id":151692,"depth":94,"text":151693},{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150214,"description":151760},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":151767,"title":151768,"body":151769,"description":153182,"extension":1354,"meta":153183,"navigation":311,"path":153184,"seo":153185,"stem":153186,"__hash__":153187},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":151770,"toc":153154},[151771,151776,151781,151784,151786,151865,151871,151876,151880,151895,151897,151944,151946,151954,151962,151968,151970,151975,151995,151998,152025,152027,152051,152053,152195,152197,152201,152209,152212,152214,152291,152293,152301,152305,152309,152319,152329,152331,152336,152338,152397,152402,152404,152504,152506,152520,152525,152531,152538,152541,152543,152653,152657,152674,152676,152739,152741,152749,152761,152765,152770,152798,152801,152883,152885,152896,152898,152902,152929,152931,152933,153013,153021,153023,153078,153080,153085,153088,153092,153096,153098,153102,153106,153114,153121,153124,153126,153151],[10,151772,147113,151774,18],{"id":151773},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,151775,58374],{},[20,151777,151778,151780],{},[15,151779,148434],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,151782,151783],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[33,151785,36],{"id":35},[38,151787,151789],{"className":40,"code":151788,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,151790,151791,151831,151853],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151792,151793,151795,151797,151799,151801,151803,151805,151807,151809,151811,151813,151815,151817,151819,151821,151823,151825,151827,151829],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151794,12476],{"class":53},[47,151796,58],{"class":57},[47,151798,8634],{"class":83},[47,151800,253],{"class":61},[47,151802,12493],{"class":65},[47,151804,253],{"class":61},[47,151806,590],{"class":83},[47,151808,62],{"class":61},[47,151810,12510],{"class":65},[47,151812,253],{"class":61},[47,151814,590],{"class":83},[47,151816,62],{"class":61},[47,151818,16858],{"class":65},[47,151820,253],{"class":61},[47,151822,590],{"class":83},[47,151824,62],{"class":61},[47,151826,12510],{"class":65},[47,151828,253],{"class":61},[47,151830,107],{"class":83},[47,151832,151833,151835,151837,151839,151841,151843,151845,151847,151849,151851],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,151834,64325],{"class":53},[47,151836,58],{"class":57},[47,151838,12524],{"class":53},[47,151840,84],{"class":83},[47,151842,35250],{"class":87},[47,151844,101],{"class":83},[47,151846,253],{"class":61},[47,151848,12510],{"class":65},[47,151850,253],{"class":61},[47,151852,107],{"class":83},[47,151854,151855,151857,151859,151861,151863],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,151856,98],{"class":97},[47,151858,101],{"class":83},[47,151860,64352],{"class":87},[47,151862,3057],{"class":83},[47,151864,27184],{"class":113},[20,151866,151867,151870],{},[15,151868,151869],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[33,151872,128,151874,131],{"id":151873},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,151875,148434],{},[20,151877,1371,151878,10813],{},[15,151879,58374],{},[133,151881,151882,151885,151887,151890],{},[136,151883,151884],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[136,151886,127854],{},[136,151888,151889],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[136,151891,151892,151893],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,151894,1514],{},[20,151896,538],{},[38,151898,151900],{"className":40,"code":151899,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,151901,151902,151926],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151903,151904,151906,151908,151910,151912,151914,151916,151918,151920,151922,151924],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151905,3012],{"class":53},[47,151907,58],{"class":57},[47,151909,8634],{"class":83},[47,151911,1719],{"class":586},[47,151913,590],{"class":83},[47,151915,7189],{"class":586},[47,151917,590],{"class":83},[47,151919,7194],{"class":586},[47,151921,590],{"class":83},[47,151923,7189],{"class":586},[47,151925,107],{"class":83},[47,151927,151928,151930,151932,151934,151936,151938,151940,151942],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,151929,98],{"class":97},[47,151931,101],{"class":83},[47,151933,3044],{"class":87},[47,151935,84],{"class":83},[47,151937,35250],{"class":87},[47,151939,101],{"class":83},[47,151941,15157],{"class":586},[47,151943,1419],{"class":83},[20,151945,338],{},[38,151947,151948],{"className":40,"code":46321,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,151949,151950],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151951,151952],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151953,46321],{"class":586},[20,151955,443,151956,151958,151959,151961],{},[15,151957,15157],{}," appears twice, ",[15,151960,58374],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,151963,150380,151964,84],{},[154,151965,151967],{"href":151966},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[33,151969,166],{"id":165},[20,151971,7161,151972,151974],{},[15,151973,58374],{}," in two ways:",[38,151976,151978],{"className":40,"code":151977,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,151979,151980],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151981,151982,151985,151987,151989,151991,151993],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151983,151984],{"class":53},"tuple_name",[47,151986,84],{"class":83},[47,151988,35250],{"class":87},[47,151990,101],{"class":83},[47,151992,1863],{"class":87},[47,151994,107],{"class":83},[20,151996,151997],{},"or:",[38,151999,152001],{"className":40,"code":152000,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152002,152003],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152004,152005,152007,152009,152011,152013,152015,152017,152019,152021,152023],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152006,151984],{"class":53},[47,152008,84],{"class":83},[47,152010,35250],{"class":87},[47,152012,101],{"class":83},[47,152014,1863],{"class":87},[47,152016,590],{"class":83},[47,152018,35455],{"class":87},[47,152020,590],{"class":83},[47,152022,64446],{"class":87},[47,152024,107],{"class":83},[724,152026,16797],{"id":16796},[133,152028,152029,152034,152039,152044],{},[136,152030,152031,152033],{},[15,152032,1863],{}," — the item to search for",[136,152035,152036,152038],{},[15,152037,35476],{}," — optional starting position",[136,152040,152041,152043],{},[15,152042,52065],{}," — optional ending position",[136,152045,152046,4181,152048,152050],{},[15,152047,52065],{},[121,152049,64475],{}," in the search",[20,152052,538],{},[38,152054,152056],{"className":40,"code":152055,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152057,152058,152106,152110,152135,152163],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152059,152060,152062,152064,152066,152068,152070,152072,152074,152076,152078,152080,152082,152084,152086,152088,152090,152092,152094,152096,152098,152100,152102,152104],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152061,35494],{"class":53},[47,152063,58],{"class":57},[47,152065,8634],{"class":83},[47,152067,253],{"class":61},[47,152069,154],{"class":65},[47,152071,253],{"class":61},[47,152073,590],{"class":83},[47,152075,62],{"class":61},[47,152077,4158],{"class":65},[47,152079,253],{"class":61},[47,152081,590],{"class":83},[47,152083,62],{"class":61},[47,152085,9138],{"class":65},[47,152087,253],{"class":61},[47,152089,590],{"class":83},[47,152091,62],{"class":61},[47,152093,4158],{"class":65},[47,152095,253],{"class":61},[47,152097,590],{"class":83},[47,152099,62],{"class":61},[47,152101,18170],{"class":65},[47,152103,253],{"class":61},[47,152105,107],{"class":83},[47,152107,152108],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,152109,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,152111,152112,152114,152116,152118,152120,152122,152124,152126,152128,152130,152132],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,152113,98],{"class":97},[47,152115,101],{"class":83},[47,152117,35547],{"class":87},[47,152119,84],{"class":83},[47,152121,35250],{"class":87},[47,152123,101],{"class":83},[47,152125,253],{"class":61},[47,152127,4158],{"class":65},[47,152129,253],{"class":61},[47,152131,4761],{"class":83},[47,152133,152134],{"class":113},"        # 1\n",[47,152136,152137,152139,152141,152143,152145,152147,152149,152151,152153,152155,152157,152159,152161],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,152138,98],{"class":97},[47,152140,101],{"class":83},[47,152142,35547],{"class":87},[47,152144,84],{"class":83},[47,152146,35250],{"class":87},[47,152148,101],{"class":83},[47,152150,253],{"class":61},[47,152152,4158],{"class":65},[47,152154,253],{"class":61},[47,152156,590],{"class":83},[47,152158,2382],{"class":586},[47,152160,4761],{"class":83},[47,152162,50323],{"class":113},[47,152164,152165,152167,152169,152171,152173,152175,152177,152179,152181,152183,152185,152187,152189,152191,152193],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,152166,98],{"class":97},[47,152168,101],{"class":83},[47,152170,35547],{"class":87},[47,152172,84],{"class":83},[47,152174,35250],{"class":87},[47,152176,101],{"class":83},[47,152178,253],{"class":61},[47,152180,4158],{"class":65},[47,152182,253],{"class":61},[47,152184,590],{"class":83},[47,152186,4898],{"class":586},[47,152188,590],{"class":83},[47,152190,1841],{"class":586},[47,152192,4761],{"class":83},[47,152194,27184],{"class":113},[33,152196,102779],{"id":102778},[20,152198,152199,24912],{},[15,152200,148434],{},[133,152202,152203,152206],{},[136,152204,152205],{},"An integer",[136,152207,152208],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152210,152211],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152213,538],{},[38,152215,152217],{"className":40,"code":152216,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152218,152219,152259,152281],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152220,152221,152223,152225,152227,152229,152231,152233,152235,152237,152239,152241,152243,152245,152247,152249,152251,152253,152255,152257],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152222,107878],{"class":53},[47,152224,58],{"class":57},[47,152226,8634],{"class":83},[47,152228,253],{"class":61},[47,152230,36452],{"class":65},[47,152232,253],{"class":61},[47,152234,590],{"class":83},[47,152236,62],{"class":61},[47,152238,57533],{"class":65},[47,152240,253],{"class":61},[47,152242,590],{"class":83},[47,152244,62],{"class":61},[47,152246,57550],{"class":65},[47,152248,253],{"class":61},[47,152250,590],{"class":83},[47,152252,62],{"class":61},[47,152254,57533],{"class":65},[47,152256,253],{"class":61},[47,152258,107],{"class":83},[47,152260,152261,152263,152265,152267,152269,152271,152273,152275,152277,152279],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,152262,75],{"class":53},[47,152264,58],{"class":57},[47,152266,107921],{"class":53},[47,152268,84],{"class":83},[47,152270,35250],{"class":87},[47,152272,101],{"class":83},[47,152274,253],{"class":61},[47,152276,57533],{"class":65},[47,152278,253],{"class":61},[47,152280,107],{"class":83},[47,152282,152283,152285,152287,152289],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,152284,98],{"class":97},[47,152286,101],{"class":83},[47,152288,104],{"class":87},[47,152290,107],{"class":83},[20,152292,338],{},[38,152294,152295],{"className":40,"code":46321,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,152296,152297],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152298,152299],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152300,46321],{"class":586},[33,152302,152304],{"id":152303},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,152306,1486,152307,10001],{},[15,152308,148434],{},[133,152310,152311,152313,152316],{},[136,152312,65504],{},[136,152314,152315],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[136,152317,152318],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,152320,152321,152322,152325,152326,84],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,152323,152324],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[154,152327,148902],{"href":152328},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[33,152330,65036],{"id":65035},[20,152332,152333,152334,84],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,152335,40107],{},[20,152337,538],{},[38,152339,152341],{"className":40,"code":152340,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,152342,152343,152375],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152344,152345,152347,152349,152351,152353,152355,152357,152359,152361,152363,152365,152367,152369,152371,152373],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152346,12476],{"class":53},[47,152348,58],{"class":57},[47,152350,8634],{"class":83},[47,152352,253],{"class":61},[47,152354,12493],{"class":65},[47,152356,253],{"class":61},[47,152358,590],{"class":83},[47,152360,62],{"class":61},[47,152362,12510],{"class":65},[47,152364,253],{"class":61},[47,152366,590],{"class":83},[47,152368,62],{"class":61},[47,152370,16858],{"class":65},[47,152372,253],{"class":61},[47,152374,107],{"class":83},[47,152376,152377,152379,152381,152383,152385,152387,152389,152391,152393,152395],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,152378,98],{"class":97},[47,152380,101],{"class":83},[47,152382,16905],{"class":87},[47,152384,84],{"class":83},[47,152386,35250],{"class":87},[47,152388,101],{"class":83},[47,152390,253],{"class":61},[47,152392,21926],{"class":65},[47,152394,253],{"class":61},[47,152396,1419],{"class":83},[20,152398,887,152399,152401],{},[15,152400,109203],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,152403,65111],{},[38,152405,152407],{"className":40,"code":152406,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,152408,152409,152441,152445,152461,152483,152489],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152410,152411,152413,152415,152417,152419,152421,152423,152425,152427,152429,152431,152433,152435,152437,152439],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152412,12476],{"class":53},[47,152414,58],{"class":57},[47,152416,8634],{"class":83},[47,152418,253],{"class":61},[47,152420,12493],{"class":65},[47,152422,253],{"class":61},[47,152424,590],{"class":83},[47,152426,62],{"class":61},[47,152428,12510],{"class":65},[47,152430,253],{"class":61},[47,152432,590],{"class":83},[47,152434,62],{"class":61},[47,152436,16858],{"class":65},[47,152438,253],{"class":61},[47,152440,107],{"class":83},[47,152442,152443],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,152444,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,152446,152447,152449,152451,152453,152455,152457,152459],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,152448,656],{"class":655},[47,152450,62],{"class":61},[47,152452,21926],{"class":65},[47,152454,253],{"class":61},[47,152456,20575],{"class":57},[47,152458,12524],{"class":53},[47,152460,679],{"class":83},[47,152462,152463,152465,152467,152469,152471,152473,152475,152477,152479,152481],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,152464,684],{"class":97},[47,152466,101],{"class":83},[47,152468,16905],{"class":87},[47,152470,84],{"class":83},[47,152472,35250],{"class":87},[47,152474,101],{"class":83},[47,152476,253],{"class":61},[47,152478,21926],{"class":65},[47,152480,253],{"class":61},[47,152482,1419],{"class":83},[47,152484,152485,152487],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,152486,26838],{"class":655},[47,152488,679],{"class":83},[47,152490,152491,152493,152495,152497,152500,152502],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,152492,684],{"class":97},[47,152494,101],{"class":83},[47,152496,253],{"class":61},[47,152498,152499],{"class":65},"Value not found",[47,152501,253],{"class":61},[47,152503,107],{"class":83},[20,152505,338],{},[38,152507,152509],{"className":40,"code":152508,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Value not found\n",[15,152510,152511],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152512,152513,152516,152518],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152514,152515],{"class":53},"Value ",[47,152517,123],{"class":57},[47,152519,65235],{"class":53},[20,152521,152522,152523,84],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[154,152524,65245],{"href":65244},[33,152526,7816,152527,1063,152529],{"id":64812},[15,152528,35476],{},[15,152530,52065],{},[20,152532,1371,152533,1063,152535,152537],{},[15,152534,35476],{},[15,152536,52065],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,152539,152540],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,152542,538],{},[38,152544,152546],{"className":40,"code":152545,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,152547,152548,152576,152580,152601,152625],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152549,152550,152552,152554,152556,152558,152560,152562,152564,152566,152568,152570,152572,152574],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152551,3219],{"class":53},[47,152553,58],{"class":57},[47,152555,8634],{"class":83},[47,152557,1531],{"class":586},[47,152559,590],{"class":83},[47,152561,5405],{"class":586},[47,152563,590],{"class":83},[47,152565,4002],{"class":586},[47,152567,590],{"class":83},[47,152569,7189],{"class":586},[47,152571,590],{"class":83},[47,152573,4002],{"class":586},[47,152575,107],{"class":83},[47,152577,152578],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,152579,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,152581,152582,152584,152586,152588,152590,152592,152594,152596,152598],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,152583,98],{"class":97},[47,152585,101],{"class":83},[47,152587,4758],{"class":87},[47,152589,84],{"class":83},[47,152591,35250],{"class":87},[47,152593,101],{"class":83},[47,152595,1531],{"class":586},[47,152597,4761],{"class":83},[47,152599,152600],{"class":113},"        # 0\n",[47,152602,152603,152605,152607,152609,152611,152613,152615,152617,152619,152621,152623],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,152604,98],{"class":97},[47,152606,101],{"class":83},[47,152608,4758],{"class":87},[47,152610,84],{"class":83},[47,152612,35250],{"class":87},[47,152614,101],{"class":83},[47,152616,1531],{"class":586},[47,152618,590],{"class":83},[47,152620,4898],{"class":586},[47,152622,4761],{"class":83},[47,152624,50357],{"class":113},[47,152626,152627,152629,152631,152633,152635,152637,152639,152641,152643,152645,152647,152649,152651],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,152628,98],{"class":97},[47,152630,101],{"class":83},[47,152632,4758],{"class":87},[47,152634,84],{"class":83},[47,152636,35250],{"class":87},[47,152638,101],{"class":83},[47,152640,1531],{"class":586},[47,152642,590],{"class":83},[47,152644,1841],{"class":586},[47,152646,590],{"class":83},[47,152648,4002],{"class":586},[47,152650,4761],{"class":83},[47,152652,50340],{"class":113},[724,152654,152656],{"id":152655},"how-it-works","How it works",[133,152658,152659,152664,152669],{},[136,152660,152661,152663],{},[15,152662,35476],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[136,152665,152666,152668],{},[15,152667,52065],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[136,152670,1371,152671,152673],{},[15,152672,52065],{}," position itself is not included",[20,152675,538],{},[38,152677,152679],{"className":40,"code":152678,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,152680,152681,152709,152713],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152682,152683,152685,152687,152689,152691,152693,152695,152697,152699,152701,152703,152705,152707],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152684,3219],{"class":53},[47,152686,58],{"class":57},[47,152688,8634],{"class":83},[47,152690,1531],{"class":586},[47,152692,590],{"class":83},[47,152694,5405],{"class":586},[47,152696,590],{"class":83},[47,152698,4002],{"class":586},[47,152700,590],{"class":83},[47,152702,7189],{"class":586},[47,152704,590],{"class":83},[47,152706,4002],{"class":586},[47,152708,107],{"class":83},[47,152710,152711],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,152712,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,152714,152715,152717,152719,152721,152723,152725,152727,152729,152731,152733,152735,152737],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,152716,98],{"class":97},[47,152718,101],{"class":83},[47,152720,4758],{"class":87},[47,152722,84],{"class":83},[47,152724,35250],{"class":87},[47,152726,101],{"class":83},[47,152728,1531],{"class":586},[47,152730,590],{"class":83},[47,152732,4898],{"class":586},[47,152734,590],{"class":83},[47,152736,1847],{"class":586},[47,152738,1419],{"class":83},[20,152740,338],{},[38,152742,152743],{"className":40,"code":16458,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,152744,152745],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152746,152747],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152748,16458],{"class":586},[20,152750,152751,152752,712,152754,16474,152756,152758,152759,84],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,152753,2377],{},[15,152755,1449],{},[15,152757,1455],{},", but not ",[15,152760,1896],{},[33,152762,152764],{"id":152763},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,152766,152767,152768,1032],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,152769,148434],{},[133,152771,152772,152780,152785,152792],{},[136,152773,152774,152775,152777,152778],{},"Do not confuse the ",[121,152776,1863],{}," with the ",[121,152779,35250],{},[136,152781,152782,152783],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,152784,1514],{},[136,152786,1486,152787,152791],{},[154,152788,148460,152789,1289],{"href":148512},[15,152790,56696],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[136,152793,152794,152795,152797],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,152796,152324],{}," when you already know the position",[20,152799,152800],{},"Example of value vs index:",[38,152802,152804],{"className":40,"code":152803,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,152805,152806,152838,152842,152866],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152807,152808,152810,152812,152814,152816,152818,152820,152822,152824,152826,152828,152830,152832,152834,152836],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152809,35643],{"class":53},[47,152811,58],{"class":57},[47,152813,8634],{"class":83},[47,152815,253],{"class":61},[47,152817,3475],{"class":65},[47,152819,253],{"class":61},[47,152821,590],{"class":83},[47,152823,62],{"class":61},[47,152825,288],{"class":65},[47,152827,253],{"class":61},[47,152829,590],{"class":83},[47,152831,62],{"class":61},[47,152833,32627],{"class":65},[47,152835,253],{"class":61},[47,152837,107],{"class":83},[47,152839,152840],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,152841,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,152843,152844,152846,152848,152850,152852,152854,152856,152858,152860,152862,152864],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,152845,98],{"class":97},[47,152847,101],{"class":83},[47,152849,35695],{"class":87},[47,152851,84],{"class":83},[47,152853,35250],{"class":87},[47,152855,101],{"class":83},[47,152857,253],{"class":61},[47,152859,288],{"class":65},[47,152861,253],{"class":61},[47,152863,4761],{"class":83},[47,152865,27184],{"class":113},[47,152867,152868,152870,152872,152874,152876,152878,152880],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,152869,98],{"class":97},[47,152871,101],{"class":83},[47,152873,35695],{"class":87},[47,152875,3296],{"class":83},[47,152877,2377],{"class":586},[47,152879,19848],{"class":83},[47,152881,152882],{"class":113},"               # banana\n",[20,152884,1572],{},[133,152886,152887,152891],{},[136,152888,152889,14649],{},[15,152890,64680],{},[136,152892,152893,152895],{},[15,152894,2377],{}," is the index",[33,152897,722],{"id":721},[20,152899,105517,152900,1032],{},[15,152901,148434],{},[133,152903,152904,152907,152912,152917,152924],{},[136,152905,152906],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[136,152908,7852,152909,152911],{},[15,152910,58374],{}," to return all matching positions",[136,152913,152914,152915],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,152916,1514],{},[136,152918,152919,152920,1063,152922],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,152921,35476],{},[15,152923,52065],{},[136,152925,946,152926,152928],{},[15,152927,148434],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[724,152930,60116],{"id":60115},[20,152932,93782],{},[38,152934,152936],{"className":40,"code":152935,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,152937,152938,152948,152962,152977,152995],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152939,152940,152942,152944,152946],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152941,98],{"class":97},[47,152943,101],{"class":83},[47,152945,147247],{"class":87},[47,152947,107],{"class":83},[47,152949,152950,152952,152954,152956,152958,152960],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,152951,98],{"class":97},[47,152953,101],{"class":83},[47,152955,10562],{"class":97},[47,152957,101],{"class":83},[47,152959,147247],{"class":87},[47,152961,1419],{"class":83},[47,152963,152964,152966,152968,152970,152972,152975],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,152965,98],{"class":97},[47,152967,101],{"class":83},[47,152969,1836],{"class":87},[47,152971,3278],{"class":655},[47,152973,152974],{"class":87}," my_tuple",[47,152976,107],{"class":83},[47,152978,152979,152981,152983,152985,152987,152989,152991,152993],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,152980,98],{"class":97},[47,152982,101],{"class":83},[47,152984,147247],{"class":87},[47,152986,84],{"class":83},[47,152988,40663],{"class":87},[47,152990,101],{"class":83},[47,152992,1863],{"class":87},[47,152994,1419],{"class":83},[47,152996,152997,152999,153001,153003,153005,153007,153009,153011],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,152998,98],{"class":97},[47,153000,101],{"class":83},[47,153002,147247],{"class":87},[47,153004,84],{"class":83},[47,153006,35250],{"class":87},[47,153008,101],{"class":83},[47,153010,1863],{"class":87},[47,153012,1419],{"class":83},[20,153014,153015,153016,83802,153018,153020],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153017,40107],{},[15,153019,1863],{}," is missing.",[20,153022,129006],{},[38,153024,153026],{"className":40,"code":153025,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153027,153028,153040,153058,153064],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153029,153030,153032,153034,153036,153038],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153031,656],{"class":655},[47,153033,20986],{"class":53},[47,153035,3278],{"class":57},[47,153037,152974],{"class":53},[47,153039,679],{"class":83},[47,153041,153042,153044,153046,153048,153050,153052,153054,153056],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,153043,684],{"class":97},[47,153045,101],{"class":83},[47,153047,147247],{"class":87},[47,153049,84],{"class":83},[47,153051,35250],{"class":87},[47,153053,101],{"class":83},[47,153055,1863],{"class":87},[47,153057,1419],{"class":83},[47,153059,153060,153062],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,153061,26838],{"class":655},[47,153063,679],{"class":83},[47,153065,153066,153068,153070,153072,153074,153076],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,153067,684],{"class":97},[47,153069,101],{"class":83},[47,153071,253],{"class":61},[47,153073,152499],{"class":65},[47,153075,253],{"class":61},[47,153077,107],{"class":83},[33,153079,1155],{"id":1154},[724,153081,4540,153083,12115],{"id":153082},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153084,148434],{},[20,153086,153087],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[724,153089,153091],{"id":153090},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153093,153094,151961],{},[15,153095,148434],{},[724,153097,148413],{"id":148412},[20,153099,76263,153100,84],{},[15,153101,40107],{},[724,153103,153105],{"id":153104},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153107,153108,153109,1063,153111,153113],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153110,35476],{},[15,153112,52065],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[724,153115,14305,153117,56611,153119,1883],{"id":153116},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153118,148434],{},[15,153120,64271],{},[20,153122,153123],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[33,153125,1275],{"id":1274},[133,153127,153128,153134,153138,153143,153147],{},[136,153129,153130],{},[154,153131,148460,153132,1289],{"href":148512},[15,153133,56696],{},[136,153135,153136],{},[154,153137,148902],{"href":152328},[136,153139,153140],{},[154,153141,153142],{"href":150208},"Creating a tuple in Python",[136,153144,153145],{},[154,153146,65245],{"href":65244},[136,153148,153149],{},[154,153150,150156],{"href":151966},[1320,153152,153153],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166,"children":153160},[153161],{"id":16796,"depth":94,"text":16797},{"id":102778,"depth":72,"text":102779},{"id":152303,"depth":72,"text":152304},{"id":65035,"depth":72,"text":65036},{"id":64812,"depth":72,"text":65595,"children":153166},[153167],{"id":152655,"depth":94,"text":152656},{"id":152763,"depth":72,"text":152764},{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722,"children":153170},[153171],{"id":60115,"depth":94,"text":60116},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":153173},[153174,153176,153177,153178,153179],{"id":153082,"depth":94,"text":153175},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153090,"depth":94,"text":153091},{"id":148412,"depth":94,"text":148413},{"id":153104,"depth":94,"text":153105},{"id":153116,"depth":94,"text":153180},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":151768,"description":153182},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153189,"title":153190,"body":153191,"description":154586,"extension":1354,"meta":154587,"navigation":311,"path":152328,"seo":154588,"stem":154589,"__hash__":154590},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153192,"toc":154568},[153193,153196,153199,153202,153216,153218,153221,153315,153325,153331,153335,153338,153341,153343,153361,153363,153434,153436,153453,153457,153461,153464,153481,153484,153499,153501,153592,153595,153599,153602,153619,153621,153716,153719,153722,153726,153729,153823,153825,153844,153847,153851,153854,153856,153911,153913,153948,153951,153965,153973,154066,154075,154079,154082,154089,154092,154139,154141,154149,154152,154203,154205,154222,154227,154231,154234,154237,154239,154290,154293,154348,154351,154354,154356,154359,154379,154381,154454,154457,154470,154472,154476,154481,154485,154490,154507,154511,154514,154531,154535,154538,154540,154565],[10,153194,153190],{"id":153195},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153197,153198],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153200,153201],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[133,153203,153204,153207,153210,153213],{},[136,153205,153206],{},"positive indexes",[136,153208,153209],{},"negative indexes",[136,153211,153212],{},"common indexing mistakes",[136,153214,153215],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[33,153217,3002],{"id":3001},[20,153219,153220],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[38,153222,153224],{"className":40,"code":153223,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153225,153226,153258,153262,153279,153296],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153227,153228,153230,153232,153234,153236,153238,153240,153242,153244,153246,153248,153250,153252,153254,153256],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153229,12476],{"class":53},[47,153231,58],{"class":57},[47,153233,8634],{"class":83},[47,153235,253],{"class":61},[47,153237,12493],{"class":65},[47,153239,253],{"class":61},[47,153241,590],{"class":83},[47,153243,62],{"class":61},[47,153245,16858],{"class":65},[47,153247,253],{"class":61},[47,153249,590],{"class":83},[47,153251,62],{"class":61},[47,153253,12510],{"class":65},[47,153255,253],{"class":61},[47,153257,107],{"class":83},[47,153259,153260],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,153261,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,153263,153264,153266,153268,153270,153272,153274,153276],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,153265,98],{"class":97},[47,153267,101],{"class":83},[47,153269,16905],{"class":87},[47,153271,3296],{"class":83},[47,153273,1514],{"class":586},[47,153275,19848],{"class":83},[47,153277,153278],{"class":113},"   # red\n",[47,153280,153281,153283,153285,153287,153289,153291,153293],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,153282,98],{"class":97},[47,153284,101],{"class":83},[47,153286,16905],{"class":87},[47,153288,3296],{"class":83},[47,153290,2377],{"class":586},[47,153292,19848],{"class":83},[47,153294,153295],{"class":113},"   # green\n",[47,153297,153298,153300,153302,153304,153306,153308,153310,153312],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,153299,98],{"class":97},[47,153301,101],{"class":83},[47,153303,16905],{"class":87},[47,153305,3296],{"class":83},[47,153307,1413],{"class":57},[47,153309,2377],{"class":586},[47,153311,19848],{"class":83},[47,153313,153314],{"class":113},"  # blue\n",[133,153316,153317,153322],{},[136,153318,131794,153319,153321],{},[15,153320,1514],{}," is the first item.",[136,153323,153324],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,153326,153327,153328,84],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[154,153329,153330],{"href":147232},"how to create a tuple in Python",[33,153332,153334],{"id":153333},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,153336,153337],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,153339,153340],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,153342,188],{},[133,153344,153345,153348,153355,153358],{},[136,153346,153347],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[136,153349,153350,153351,18365,153353],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,153352,1514],{},[15,153354,2377],{},[136,153356,153357],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[136,153359,153360],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,153362,538],{},[38,153364,153366],{"className":40,"code":153365,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,153367,153368,153388,153392,153406,153420],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153369,153370,153372,153374,153376,153378,153380,153382,153384,153386],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153371,3012],{"class":53},[47,153373,58],{"class":57},[47,153375,8634],{"class":83},[47,153377,1719],{"class":586},[47,153379,590],{"class":83},[47,153381,7189],{"class":586},[47,153383,590],{"class":83},[47,153385,7194],{"class":586},[47,153387,107],{"class":83},[47,153389,153390],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,153391,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,153393,153394,153396,153398,153400,153402,153404],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,153395,98],{"class":97},[47,153397,101],{"class":83},[47,153399,3044],{"class":87},[47,153401,3296],{"class":83},[47,153403,1514],{"class":586},[47,153405,3284],{"class":83},[47,153407,153408,153410,153412,153414,153416,153418],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,153409,98],{"class":97},[47,153411,101],{"class":83},[47,153413,3044],{"class":87},[47,153415,3296],{"class":83},[47,153417,2377],{"class":586},[47,153419,3284],{"class":83},[47,153421,153422,153424,153426,153428,153430,153432],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,153423,98],{"class":97},[47,153425,101],{"class":83},[47,153427,3044],{"class":87},[47,153429,3296],{"class":83},[47,153431,1449],{"class":586},[47,153433,3284],{"class":83},[20,153435,338],{},[38,153437,153439],{"className":40,"code":153438,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,153440,153441,153445,153449],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153442,153443],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153444,1765],{"class":586},[47,153446,153447],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,153448,70629],{"class":586},[47,153450,153451],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,153452,69246],{"class":586},[20,153454,58799,153455,84],{},[154,153456,147229],{"href":147228},[33,153458,153460],{"id":153459},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,153462,153463],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[133,153465,153466,153471,153476],{},[136,153467,153468,153470],{},[15,153469,1514],{}," = first item",[136,153472,153473,153475],{},[15,153474,2377],{}," = second item",[136,153477,153478,153480],{},[15,153479,1449],{}," = third item",[20,153482,153483],{},"Pattern:",[38,153485,153487],{"className":40,"code":153486,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,153488,153489],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153490,153491,153493,153495,153497],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153492,151984],{"class":53},[47,153494,3296],{"class":83},[47,153496,35250],{"class":53},[47,153498,3030],{"class":83},[20,153500,538],{},[38,153502,153504],{"className":40,"code":153503,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,153505,153506,153538,153542,153559,153575],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153507,153508,153510,153512,153514,153516,153518,153520,153522,153524,153526,153528,153530,153532,153534,153536],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153509,35643],{"class":53},[47,153511,58],{"class":57},[47,153513,8634],{"class":83},[47,153515,253],{"class":61},[47,153517,3475],{"class":65},[47,153519,253],{"class":61},[47,153521,590],{"class":83},[47,153523,62],{"class":61},[47,153525,288],{"class":65},[47,153527,253],{"class":61},[47,153529,590],{"class":83},[47,153531,62],{"class":61},[47,153533,3492],{"class":65},[47,153535,253],{"class":61},[47,153537,107],{"class":83},[47,153539,153540],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,153541,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,153543,153544,153546,153548,153550,153552,153554,153556],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,153545,98],{"class":97},[47,153547,101],{"class":83},[47,153549,35695],{"class":87},[47,153551,3296],{"class":83},[47,153553,1514],{"class":586},[47,153555,19848],{"class":83},[47,153557,153558],{"class":113},"  # apple\n",[47,153560,153561,153563,153565,153567,153569,153571,153573],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,153562,98],{"class":97},[47,153564,101],{"class":83},[47,153566,35695],{"class":87},[47,153568,3296],{"class":83},[47,153570,2377],{"class":586},[47,153572,19848],{"class":83},[47,153574,50890],{"class":113},[47,153576,153577,153579,153581,153583,153585,153587,153589],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,153578,98],{"class":97},[47,153580,101],{"class":83},[47,153582,35695],{"class":87},[47,153584,3296],{"class":83},[47,153586,1449],{"class":586},[47,153588,19848],{"class":83},[47,153590,153591],{"class":113},"  # cherry\n",[20,153593,153594],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[33,153596,153598],{"id":153597},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,153600,153601],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[133,153603,153604,153609,153614],{},[136,153605,153606,153608],{},[15,153607,65260],{}," = last item",[136,153610,153611,153613],{},[15,153612,94812],{}," = second-to-last item",[136,153615,153616,153618],{},[15,153617,47075],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,153620,538],{},[38,153622,153624],{"className":40,"code":153623,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,153625,153626,153658,153662,153680,153698],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153627,153628,153630,153632,153634,153636,153638,153640,153642,153644,153646,153648,153650,153652,153654,153656],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153629,35643],{"class":53},[47,153631,58],{"class":57},[47,153633,8634],{"class":83},[47,153635,253],{"class":61},[47,153637,3475],{"class":65},[47,153639,253],{"class":61},[47,153641,590],{"class":83},[47,153643,62],{"class":61},[47,153645,288],{"class":65},[47,153647,253],{"class":61},[47,153649,590],{"class":83},[47,153651,62],{"class":61},[47,153653,3492],{"class":65},[47,153655,253],{"class":61},[47,153657,107],{"class":83},[47,153659,153660],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,153661,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,153663,153664,153666,153668,153670,153672,153674,153676,153678],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,153665,98],{"class":97},[47,153667,101],{"class":83},[47,153669,35695],{"class":87},[47,153671,3296],{"class":83},[47,153673,1413],{"class":57},[47,153675,2377],{"class":586},[47,153677,19848],{"class":83},[47,153679,153591],{"class":113},[47,153681,153682,153684,153686,153688,153690,153692,153694,153696],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,153683,98],{"class":97},[47,153685,101],{"class":83},[47,153687,35695],{"class":87},[47,153689,3296],{"class":83},[47,153691,1413],{"class":57},[47,153693,1449],{"class":586},[47,153695,19848],{"class":83},[47,153697,50890],{"class":113},[47,153699,153700,153702,153704,153706,153708,153710,153712,153714],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,153701,98],{"class":97},[47,153703,101],{"class":83},[47,153705,35695],{"class":87},[47,153707,3296],{"class":83},[47,153709,1413],{"class":57},[47,153711,1455],{"class":586},[47,153713,19848],{"class":83},[47,153715,153558],{"class":113},[20,153717,153718],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,153720,153721],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[33,153723,153725],{"id":153724},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,153727,153728],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[38,153730,153732],{"className":40,"code":153731,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,153733,153734,153766,153770,153787,153804],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153735,153736,153738,153740,153742,153744,153746,153748,153750,153752,153754,153756,153758,153760,153762,153764],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153737,4392],{"class":53},[47,153739,58],{"class":57},[47,153741,8634],{"class":83},[47,153743,253],{"class":61},[47,153745,12280],{"class":65},[47,153747,253],{"class":61},[47,153749,590],{"class":83},[47,153751,62],{"class":61},[47,153753,35345],{"class":65},[47,153755,253],{"class":61},[47,153757,590],{"class":83},[47,153759,62],{"class":61},[47,153761,35354],{"class":65},[47,153763,253],{"class":61},[47,153765,107],{"class":83},[47,153767,153768],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,153769,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,153771,153772,153774,153776,153778,153780,153782,153784],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,153773,98],{"class":97},[47,153775,101],{"class":83},[47,153777,4436],{"class":87},[47,153779,3296],{"class":83},[47,153781,1514],{"class":586},[47,153783,19848],{"class":83},[47,153785,153786],{"class":113},"   # first item\n",[47,153788,153789,153791,153793,153795,153797,153799,153801],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,153790,98],{"class":97},[47,153792,101],{"class":83},[47,153794,4436],{"class":87},[47,153796,3296],{"class":83},[47,153798,2377],{"class":586},[47,153800,19848],{"class":83},[47,153802,153803],{"class":113},"   # middle item\n",[47,153805,153806,153808,153810,153812,153814,153816,153818,153820],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,153807,98],{"class":97},[47,153809,101],{"class":83},[47,153811,4436],{"class":87},[47,153813,3296],{"class":83},[47,153815,1413],{"class":57},[47,153817,2377],{"class":586},[47,153819,19848],{"class":83},[47,153821,153822],{"class":113},"  # last item\n",[20,153824,338],{},[38,153826,153828],{"className":40,"code":153827,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,153829,153830,153834,153839],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153831,153832],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153833,49444],{"class":53},[47,153835,153836],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,153837,153838],{"class":53},"Ben\n",[47,153840,153841],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,153842,153843],{"class":53},"Cara\n",[20,153845,153846],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[33,153848,153850],{"id":153849},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,153852,153853],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,153855,538],{},[38,153857,153859],{"className":40,"code":153858,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,153860,153861,153893,153897],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153862,153863,153865,153867,153869,153871,153873,153875,153877,153879,153881,153883,153885,153887,153889,153891],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153864,35494],{"class":53},[47,153866,58],{"class":57},[47,153868,8634],{"class":83},[47,153870,253],{"class":61},[47,153872,154],{"class":65},[47,153874,253],{"class":61},[47,153876,590],{"class":83},[47,153878,62],{"class":61},[47,153880,4158],{"class":65},[47,153882,253],{"class":61},[47,153884,590],{"class":83},[47,153886,62],{"class":61},[47,153888,9138],{"class":65},[47,153890,253],{"class":61},[47,153892,107],{"class":83},[47,153894,153895],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,153896,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,153898,153899,153901,153903,153905,153907,153909],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,153900,98],{"class":97},[47,153902,101],{"class":83},[47,153904,35547],{"class":87},[47,153906,3296],{"class":83},[47,153908,1531],{"class":586},[47,153910,3284],{"class":83},[20,153912,338],{},[38,153914,153916],{"className":40,"code":153915,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,153917,153918,153930,153935],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153919,153920,153923,153925,153928],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153921,153922],{"class":87},"Traceback ",[47,153924,101],{"class":83},[47,153926,153927],{"class":87},"most recent call last",[47,153929,7740],{"class":83},[47,153931,153932],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,153933,153934],{"class":353},"  ...\n",[47,153936,153937,153939,153941,153943,153946],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,153938,70136],{"class":919},[47,153940,1032],{"class":83},[47,153942,148595],{"class":919},[47,153944,153945],{"class":53}," index out of ",[47,153947,70328],{"class":97},[20,153949,153950],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[133,153952,153953,153957,153961],{},[136,153954,153955],{},[15,153956,1514],{},[136,153958,153959],{},[15,153960,2377],{},[136,153962,153963],{},[15,153964,1449],{},[20,153966,153967,153968,84],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[154,153969,153970,153972],{"href":148467},[15,153971,41764],{}," on a tuple",[38,153974,153976],{"className":40,"code":153975,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,153977,153978,154010,154014,154030,154034,154052],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153979,153980,153982,153984,153986,153988,153990,153992,153994,153996,153998,154000,154002,154004,154006,154008],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153981,35494],{"class":53},[47,153983,58],{"class":57},[47,153985,8634],{"class":83},[47,153987,253],{"class":61},[47,153989,154],{"class":65},[47,153991,253],{"class":61},[47,153993,590],{"class":83},[47,153995,62],{"class":61},[47,153997,4158],{"class":65},[47,153999,253],{"class":61},[47,154001,590],{"class":83},[47,154003,62],{"class":61},[47,154005,9138],{"class":65},[47,154007,253],{"class":61},[47,154009,107],{"class":83},[47,154011,154012],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,154013,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,154015,154016,154018,154020,154022,154024,154026,154028],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,154017,98],{"class":97},[47,154019,101],{"class":83},[47,154021,10562],{"class":97},[47,154023,101],{"class":83},[47,154025,35547],{"class":87},[47,154027,4761],{"class":83},[47,154029,50175],{"class":113},[47,154031,154032],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,154033,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,154035,154036,154038,154040,154042,154044,154046,154048,154050],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,154037,656],{"class":655},[47,154039,37790],{"class":97},[47,154041,101],{"class":83},[47,154043,35547],{"class":87},[47,154045,3057],{"class":83},[47,154047,37799],{"class":57},[47,154049,2382],{"class":586},[47,154051,679],{"class":83},[47,154053,154054,154056,154058,154060,154062,154064],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,154055,684],{"class":97},[47,154057,101],{"class":83},[47,154059,35547],{"class":87},[47,154061,3296],{"class":83},[47,154063,1449],{"class":586},[47,154065,3284],{"class":83},[20,154067,154068,154069,84],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[154,154070,25083,154072],{"href":154071},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154073,154074],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[33,154076,154078],{"id":154077},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154080,154081],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[133,154083,154084,154086],{},[136,154085,76280],{},[136,154087,154088],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154090,154091],{},"Indexing example:",[38,154093,154095],{"className":40,"code":154094,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154096,154097,154121,154125],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154098,154099,154101,154103,154105,154107,154109,154111,154113,154115,154117,154119],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154100,3012],{"class":53},[47,154102,58],{"class":57},[47,154104,8634],{"class":83},[47,154106,1719],{"class":586},[47,154108,590],{"class":83},[47,154110,7189],{"class":586},[47,154112,590],{"class":83},[47,154114,7194],{"class":586},[47,154116,590],{"class":83},[47,154118,50248],{"class":586},[47,154120,107],{"class":83},[47,154122,154123],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,154124,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,154126,154127,154129,154131,154133,154135,154137],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,154128,98],{"class":97},[47,154130,101],{"class":83},[47,154132,3044],{"class":87},[47,154134,3296],{"class":83},[47,154136,2377],{"class":586},[47,154138,3284],{"class":83},[20,154140,338],{},[38,154142,154143],{"className":40,"code":70629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,154144,154145],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154146,154147],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154148,70629],{"class":586},[20,154150,154151],{},"Slicing example:",[38,154153,154155],{"className":40,"code":154154,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154156,154157,154181,154185],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154158,154159,154161,154163,154165,154167,154169,154171,154173,154175,154177,154179],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154160,3012],{"class":53},[47,154162,58],{"class":57},[47,154164,8634],{"class":83},[47,154166,1719],{"class":586},[47,154168,590],{"class":83},[47,154170,7189],{"class":586},[47,154172,590],{"class":83},[47,154174,7194],{"class":586},[47,154176,590],{"class":83},[47,154178,50248],{"class":586},[47,154180,107],{"class":83},[47,154182,154183],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,154184,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,154186,154187,154189,154191,154193,154195,154197,154199,154201],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,154188,98],{"class":97},[47,154190,101],{"class":83},[47,154192,3044],{"class":87},[47,154194,3296],{"class":83},[47,154196,2377],{"class":586},[47,154198,1032],{"class":83},[47,154200,1455],{"class":586},[47,154202,3284],{"class":83},[20,154204,338],{},[38,154206,154208],{"className":40,"code":154207,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154209,154210],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154211,154212,154214,154216,154218,154220],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154213,101],{"class":83},[47,154215,15157],{"class":586},[47,154217,590],{"class":83},[47,154219,7194],{"class":586},[47,154221,107],{"class":83},[20,154223,154224,154225,84],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[154,154226,150146],{"href":150145},[33,154228,154230],{"id":154229},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154232,154233],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154235,154236],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154238,6088],{},[38,154240,154242],{"className":40,"code":154241,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154243,154244,154276],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154245,154246,154248,154250,154252,154254,154256,154258,154260,154262,154264,154266,154268,154270,154272,154274],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154247,12476],{"class":53},[47,154249,58],{"class":57},[47,154251,8634],{"class":83},[47,154253,253],{"class":61},[47,154255,12493],{"class":65},[47,154257,253],{"class":61},[47,154259,590],{"class":83},[47,154261,62],{"class":61},[47,154263,16858],{"class":65},[47,154265,253],{"class":61},[47,154267,590],{"class":83},[47,154269,62],{"class":61},[47,154271,12510],{"class":65},[47,154273,253],{"class":61},[47,154275,107],{"class":83},[47,154277,154278,154280,154282,154284,154286,154288],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,154279,98],{"class":97},[47,154281,101],{"class":83},[47,154283,16905],{"class":87},[47,154285,3296],{"class":83},[47,154287,2377],{"class":586},[47,154289,3284],{"class":83},[20,154291,154292],{},"But this does not work:",[38,154294,154296],{"className":40,"code":154295,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154297,154298,154330],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154299,154300,154302,154304,154306,154308,154310,154312,154314,154316,154318,154320,154322,154324,154326,154328],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154301,12476],{"class":53},[47,154303,58],{"class":57},[47,154305,8634],{"class":83},[47,154307,253],{"class":61},[47,154309,12493],{"class":65},[47,154311,253],{"class":61},[47,154313,590],{"class":83},[47,154315,62],{"class":61},[47,154317,16858],{"class":65},[47,154319,253],{"class":61},[47,154321,590],{"class":83},[47,154323,62],{"class":61},[47,154325,12510],{"class":65},[47,154327,253],{"class":61},[47,154329,107],{"class":83},[47,154331,154332,154334,154336,154338,154340,154342,154344,154346],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,154333,16905],{"class":53},[47,154335,3296],{"class":83},[47,154337,2377],{"class":586},[47,154339,12674],{"class":83},[47,154341,12677],{"class":57},[47,154343,62],{"class":61},[47,154345,21926],{"class":65},[47,154347,69],{"class":61},[20,154349,154350],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,154352,154353],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[33,154355,722],{"id":721},[20,154357,154358],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[133,154360,154361,154367,154370,154373],{},[136,154362,132098,154363,10492,154365],{},[15,154364,2377],{},[15,154366,1514],{},[136,154368,154369],{},"Using an index that is too large",[136,154371,154372],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[136,154374,154375,154376],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,154377,154378],{},"tuple[index]",[20,154380,61700],{},[38,154382,154384],{"className":40,"code":154383,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,154385,154386,154396,154410,154424,154440],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154387,154388,154390,154392,154394],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154389,98],{"class":97},[47,154391,101],{"class":83},[47,154393,147247],{"class":87},[47,154395,107],{"class":83},[47,154397,154398,154400,154402,154404,154406,154408],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,154399,98],{"class":97},[47,154401,101],{"class":83},[47,154403,10562],{"class":97},[47,154405,101],{"class":83},[47,154407,147247],{"class":87},[47,154409,1419],{"class":83},[47,154411,154412,154414,154416,154418,154420,154422],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,154413,98],{"class":97},[47,154415,101],{"class":83},[47,154417,147247],{"class":87},[47,154419,3296],{"class":83},[47,154421,1514],{"class":586},[47,154423,3284],{"class":83},[47,154425,154426,154428,154430,154432,154434,154436,154438],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,154427,98],{"class":97},[47,154429,101],{"class":83},[47,154431,147247],{"class":87},[47,154433,3296],{"class":83},[47,154435,1413],{"class":57},[47,154437,2377],{"class":586},[47,154439,3284],{"class":83},[47,154441,154442,154444,154446,154448,154450,154452],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,154443,98],{"class":97},[47,154445,101],{"class":83},[47,154447,2613],{"class":919},[47,154449,101],{"class":83},[47,154451,147247],{"class":87},[47,154453,1419],{"class":83},[20,154455,154456],{},"These can help you confirm:",[133,154458,154459,154462,154464,154467],{},[136,154460,154461],{},"what the tuple contains",[136,154463,60190],{},[136,154465,154466],{},"what the first and last items are",[136,154468,154469],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[33,154471,1155],{"id":1154},[724,154473,154475],{"id":154474},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,154477,154478,154479,84],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,154480,1514],{},[724,154482,154484],{"id":154483},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,154486,1486,154487,154489],{},[15,154488,65260],{}," as the index:",[38,154491,154493],{"className":40,"code":154492,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,154494,154495],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154496,154497,154499,154501,154503,154505],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154498,147247],{"class":53},[47,154500,3296],{"class":83},[47,154502,1413],{"class":57},[47,154504,2377],{"class":586},[47,154506,3030],{"class":83},[724,154508,154510],{"id":154509},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,154512,154513],{},"Python raises:",[38,154515,154517],{"className":40,"code":154516,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154518,154519],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154520,154521,154523,154525,154527,154529],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154522,70136],{"class":919},[47,154524,1032],{"class":83},[47,154526,148595],{"class":919},[47,154528,153945],{"class":53},[47,154530,70328],{"class":97},[724,154532,154534],{"id":154533},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,154536,154537],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[33,154539,1275],{"id":1274},[133,154541,154542,154547,154551,154555,154561],{},[136,154543,154544],{},[154,154545,154546],{"href":147232},"How to create a tuple in Python",[136,154548,154549],{},[154,154550,150146],{"href":150145},[136,154552,154553],{},[154,154554,150151],{"href":148467},[136,154556,154557],{},[154,154558,25526,154559],{"href":154071},[15,154560,154074],{},[136,154562,154563],{},[154,154564,147229],{"href":147228},[1320,154566,154567],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":154569},[154570,154571,154572,154573,154574,154575,154576,154577,154578,154579,154585],{"id":3001,"depth":72,"text":3002},{"id":153333,"depth":72,"text":153334},{"id":153459,"depth":72,"text":153460},{"id":153597,"depth":72,"text":153598},{"id":153724,"depth":72,"text":153725},{"id":153849,"depth":72,"text":153850},{"id":154077,"depth":72,"text":154078},{"id":154229,"depth":72,"text":154230},{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":154580},[154581,154582,154583,154584],{"id":154474,"depth":94,"text":154475},{"id":154483,"depth":94,"text":154484},{"id":154509,"depth":94,"text":154510},{"id":154533,"depth":94,"text":154534},{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153190,"description":154586},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":154592,"title":154593,"body":154594,"description":156483,"extension":1354,"meta":156484,"navigation":311,"path":156485,"seo":156486,"stem":156487,"__hash__":156488},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":154595,"toc":156440},[154596,154602,154607,154658,154662,154670,154676,154678,154694,154696,154699,154714,154716,154729,154731,154788,154792,154800,154807,154813,154819,154823,154874,154878,154886,154890,154919,154923,154931,154935,154968,154972,154980,154984,154987,155038,155042,155050,155052,155069,155073,155077,155136,155140,155148,155151,155178,155182,155190,155194,155200,155275,155279,155316,155324,155328,155391,155395,155403,155408,155412,155418,155461,155465,155473,155479,155482,155529,155533,155541,155550,155556,155611,155615,155623,155626,155630,155632,155663,155667,155686,155689,155734,155738,155761,155767,155772,155774,155821,155826,155829,155877,155881,155889,155893,155898,155902,155952,155956,155971,155975,156033,156037,156052,156056,156127,156131,156140,156144,156223,156227,156249,156257,156259,156262,156287,156289,156342,156344,156361,156363,156367,156373,156378,156383,156387,156392,156396,156401,156407,156410,156412,156437],[10,154597,154599,154600,3057],{"id":154598},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,154601,10562],{},[20,154603,1486,154604,154606],{},[15,154605,41764],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[38,154608,154610],{"className":40,"code":154609,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,154611,154612,154644],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154613,154614,154616,154618,154620,154622,154624,154626,154628,154630,154632,154634,154636,154638,154640,154642],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154615,12476],{"class":53},[47,154617,58],{"class":57},[47,154619,8634],{"class":83},[47,154621,253],{"class":61},[47,154623,12493],{"class":65},[47,154625,253],{"class":61},[47,154627,590],{"class":83},[47,154629,62],{"class":61},[47,154631,16858],{"class":65},[47,154633,253],{"class":61},[47,154635,590],{"class":83},[47,154637,62],{"class":61},[47,154639,12510],{"class":65},[47,154641,253],{"class":61},[47,154643,107],{"class":83},[47,154645,154646,154648,154650,154652,154654,154656],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,154647,98],{"class":97},[47,154649,101],{"class":83},[47,154651,10562],{"class":97},[47,154653,101],{"class":83},[47,154655,16905],{"class":87},[47,154657,1419],{"class":83},[20,154659,154660],{},[121,154661,338],{},[38,154663,154664],{"className":40,"code":46021,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,154665,154666],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154667,154668],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154669,46021],{"class":586},[20,154671,1486,154672,154675],{},[15,154673,154674],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[33,154677,14565],{"id":14564},[133,154679,154680,154685,154689,154692],{},[136,154681,3594,154682,154684],{},[15,154683,41764],{}," works with tuples",[136,154686,67664,154687,11104],{},[15,154688,41764],{},[136,154690,154691],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[136,154693,3915],{},[33,154695,166],{"id":165},[20,154697,154698],{},"Use this pattern:",[38,154700,154702],{"className":40,"code":154701,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,154703,154704],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154705,154706,154708,154710,154712],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154707,10562],{"class":97},[47,154709,101],{"class":83},[47,154711,147247],{"class":87},[47,154713,107],{"class":83},[20,154715,188],{},[133,154717,154718,154721,154724],{},[136,154719,154720],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[136,154722,154723],{},"The result is an integer",[136,154725,154726,154728],{},[15,154727,41764],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,154730,538],{},[38,154732,154734],{"className":40,"code":154733,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,154735,154736,154760,154774,154778],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154737,154738,154740,154742,154744,154746,154748,154750,154752,154754,154756,154758],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154739,3012],{"class":53},[47,154741,58],{"class":57},[47,154743,8634],{"class":83},[47,154745,1719],{"class":586},[47,154747,590],{"class":83},[47,154749,7189],{"class":586},[47,154751,590],{"class":83},[47,154753,7194],{"class":586},[47,154755,590],{"class":83},[47,154757,50248],{"class":586},[47,154759,107],{"class":83},[47,154761,154762,154764,154766,154768,154770,154772],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,154763,40645],{"class":53},[47,154765,58],{"class":57},[47,154767,37790],{"class":97},[47,154769,101],{"class":83},[47,154771,3044],{"class":87},[47,154773,107],{"class":83},[47,154775,154776],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,154777,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,154779,154780,154782,154784,154786],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,154781,98],{"class":97},[47,154783,101],{"class":83},[47,154785,40663],{"class":87},[47,154787,107],{"class":83},[20,154789,154790],{},[121,154791,338],{},[38,154793,154794],{"className":40,"code":48054,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,154795,154796],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154797,154798],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154799,48054],{"class":586},[20,154801,154802,154803,84],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[154,154804,2968,154805,2901],{"href":41761},[15,154806,41764],{},[33,154808,128,154810,154812],{"id":154809},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,154811,41764],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,154814,154815,154816,154818],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,154817,41764],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[724,154820,154822],{"id":154821},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[38,154824,154826],{"className":40,"code":154825,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,154827,154828,154860],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154829,154830,154832,154834,154836,154838,154840,154842,154844,154846,154848,154850,154852,154854,154856,154858],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154831,35643],{"class":53},[47,154833,58],{"class":57},[47,154835,8634],{"class":83},[47,154837,253],{"class":61},[47,154839,3475],{"class":65},[47,154841,253],{"class":61},[47,154843,590],{"class":83},[47,154845,62],{"class":61},[47,154847,288],{"class":65},[47,154849,253],{"class":61},[47,154851,590],{"class":83},[47,154853,62],{"class":61},[47,154855,32627],{"class":65},[47,154857,253],{"class":61},[47,154859,107],{"class":83},[47,154861,154862,154864,154866,154868,154870,154872],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,154863,98],{"class":97},[47,154865,101],{"class":83},[47,154867,10562],{"class":97},[47,154869,101],{"class":83},[47,154871,35695],{"class":87},[47,154873,1419],{"class":83},[20,154875,154876],{},[121,154877,338],{},[38,154879,154880],{"className":40,"code":46021,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,154881,154882],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154883,154884],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154885,46021],{"class":586},[724,154887,154889],{"id":154888},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[38,154891,154893],{"className":40,"code":154892,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,154894,154895,154904],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154896,154897,154900,154902],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154898,154899],{"class":53},"empty_tuple ",[47,154901,58],{"class":57},[47,154903,148571],{"class":83},[47,154905,154906,154908,154910,154912,154914,154917],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,154907,98],{"class":97},[47,154909,101],{"class":83},[47,154911,10562],{"class":97},[47,154913,101],{"class":83},[47,154915,154916],{"class":87},"empty_tuple",[47,154918,1419],{"class":83},[20,154920,154921],{},[121,154922,338],{},[38,154924,154925],{"className":40,"code":46656,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,154926,154927],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154928,154929],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154930,46656],{"class":586},[724,154932,154934],{"id":154933},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[38,154936,154938],{"className":40,"code":154937,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,154939,154940,154953],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154941,154942,154945,154947,154949,154951],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154943,154944],{"class":53},"single_value ",[47,154946,58],{"class":57},[47,154948,8634],{"class":83},[47,154950,1531],{"class":586},[47,154952,148585],{"class":83},[47,154954,154955,154957,154959,154961,154963,154966],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,154956,98],{"class":97},[47,154958,101],{"class":83},[47,154960,10562],{"class":97},[47,154962,101],{"class":83},[47,154964,154965],{"class":87},"single_value",[47,154967,1419],{"class":83},[20,154969,154970],{},[121,154971,338],{},[38,154973,154974],{"className":40,"code":46321,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,154975,154976],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154977,154978],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154979,46321],{"class":586},[724,154981,154983],{"id":154982},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,154985,154986],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[38,154988,154990],{"className":40,"code":154989,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,154991,154992,155024],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154993,154994,154996,154998,155000,155002,155004,155006,155008,155010,155012,155014,155016,155018,155020,155022],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154995,8563],{"class":53},[47,154997,58],{"class":57},[47,154999,8634],{"class":83},[47,155001,2377],{"class":586},[47,155003,590],{"class":83},[47,155005,8634],{"class":83},[47,155007,1449],{"class":586},[47,155009,590],{"class":83},[47,155011,1841],{"class":586},[47,155013,8631],{"class":83},[47,155015,3017],{"class":83},[47,155017,1896],{"class":586},[47,155019,590],{"class":83},[47,155021,4002],{"class":586},[47,155023,3284],{"class":83},[47,155025,155026,155028,155030,155032,155034,155036],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155027,98],{"class":97},[47,155029,101],{"class":83},[47,155031,10562],{"class":97},[47,155033,101],{"class":83},[47,155035,8602],{"class":87},[47,155037,1419],{"class":83},[20,155039,155040],{},[121,155041,338],{},[38,155043,155044],{"className":40,"code":46021,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155045,155046],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155047,155048],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155049,46021],{"class":586},[20,155051,19359],{},[133,155053,155054,155059,155064],{},[136,155055,155056,155058],{},[15,155057,2377],{}," is one item",[136,155060,155061,155058],{},[15,155062,155063],{},"(2, 3)",[136,155065,155066,155058],{},[15,155067,155068],{},"[4, 5]",[33,155070,155072],{"id":155071},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[724,155074,155076],{"id":155075},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[38,155078,155080],{"className":40,"code":155079,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155081,155082,155122],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155083,155084,155086,155088,155090,155092,155094,155096,155098,155100,155102,155104,155106,155108,155110,155112,155114,155116,155118,155120],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155085,12476],{"class":53},[47,155087,58],{"class":57},[47,155089,8634],{"class":83},[47,155091,253],{"class":61},[47,155093,12493],{"class":65},[47,155095,253],{"class":61},[47,155097,590],{"class":83},[47,155099,62],{"class":61},[47,155101,16858],{"class":65},[47,155103,253],{"class":61},[47,155105,590],{"class":83},[47,155107,62],{"class":61},[47,155109,12510],{"class":65},[47,155111,253],{"class":61},[47,155113,590],{"class":83},[47,155115,62],{"class":61},[47,155117,21926],{"class":65},[47,155119,253],{"class":61},[47,155121,107],{"class":83},[47,155123,155124,155126,155128,155130,155132,155134],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155125,98],{"class":97},[47,155127,101],{"class":83},[47,155129,10562],{"class":97},[47,155131,101],{"class":83},[47,155133,16905],{"class":87},[47,155135,1419],{"class":83},[20,155137,155138],{},[121,155139,338],{},[38,155141,155142],{"className":40,"code":48054,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155143,155144],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155145,155146],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155147,48054],{"class":586},[724,155149,154889],{"id":155150},"empty-tuple-1",[38,155152,155154],{"className":40,"code":155153,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155155,155156,155164],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155157,155158,155160,155162],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155159,7178],{"class":53},[47,155161,58],{"class":57},[47,155163,148571],{"class":83},[47,155165,155166,155168,155170,155172,155174,155176],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155167,98],{"class":97},[47,155169,101],{"class":83},[47,155171,10562],{"class":97},[47,155173,101],{"class":83},[47,155175,7209],{"class":87},[47,155177,1419],{"class":83},[20,155179,155180],{},[121,155181,338],{},[38,155183,155184],{"className":40,"code":46656,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155185,155186],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155187,155188],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155189,46656],{"class":586},[724,155191,155193],{"id":155192},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155195,155196,155197,155199],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[121,155198,123],{}," always a tuple.",[38,155201,155203],{"className":40,"code":155202,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155204,155205,155217,155229,155233,155247,155261],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155206,155207,155209,155211,155213,155215],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155208,1208],{"class":53},[47,155210,58],{"class":57},[47,155212,8634],{"class":83},[47,155214,1531],{"class":586},[47,155216,107],{"class":83},[47,155218,155219,155221,155223,155225,155227],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155220,1221],{"class":53},[47,155222,58],{"class":57},[47,155224,8634],{"class":83},[47,155226,1531],{"class":586},[47,155228,148585],{"class":83},[47,155230,155231],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,155232,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,155234,155235,155237,155239,155241,155243,155245],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,155236,98],{"class":97},[47,155238,101],{"class":83},[47,155240,2613],{"class":919},[47,155242,101],{"class":83},[47,155244,154],{"class":87},[47,155246,1419],{"class":83},[47,155248,155249,155251,155253,155255,155257,155259],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,155250,98],{"class":97},[47,155252,101],{"class":83},[47,155254,2613],{"class":919},[47,155256,101],{"class":83},[47,155258,4158],{"class":87},[47,155260,1419],{"class":83},[47,155262,155263,155265,155267,155269,155271,155273],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,155264,98],{"class":97},[47,155266,101],{"class":83},[47,155268,10562],{"class":97},[47,155270,101],{"class":83},[47,155272,4158],{"class":87},[47,155274,1419],{"class":83},[20,155276,155277],{},[121,155278,338],{},[38,155280,155282],{"className":40,"code":155281,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155283,155284,155298,155312],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155285,155286,155288,155290,155292,155294,155296],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155287,2682],{"class":57},[47,155289,2685],{"class":1458},[47,155291,2688],{"class":61},[47,155293,890],{"class":65},[47,155295,2693],{"class":61},[47,155297,2696],{"class":57},[47,155299,155300,155302,155304,155306,155308,155310],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155301,2682],{"class":57},[47,155303,2685],{"class":1458},[47,155305,2688],{"class":61},[47,155307,48357],{"class":65},[47,155309,2693],{"class":61},[47,155311,2696],{"class":57},[47,155313,155314],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,155315,46321],{"class":586},[20,155317,155318,155319,1063,155322,84],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[154,155320,155321],{"href":147232},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[154,155323,148533],{"href":148532},[724,155325,155327],{"id":155326},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[38,155329,155331],{"className":40,"code":155330,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,155332,155333,155377],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155334,155335,155337,155339,155341,155343,155345,155347,155349,155351,155353,155355,155357,155359,155361,155363,155365,155367,155369,155371,155373,155375],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155336,58879],{"class":53},[47,155338,58],{"class":57},[47,155340,8634],{"class":83},[47,155342,253],{"class":61},[47,155344,3475],{"class":65},[47,155346,253],{"class":61},[47,155348,590],{"class":83},[47,155350,3017],{"class":83},[47,155352,2377],{"class":586},[47,155354,590],{"class":83},[47,155356,2382],{"class":586},[47,155358,17464],{"class":83},[47,155360,8634],{"class":83},[47,155362,253],{"class":61},[47,155364,1567],{"class":65},[47,155366,253],{"class":61},[47,155368,590],{"class":83},[47,155370,62],{"class":61},[47,155372,11144],{"class":65},[47,155374,253],{"class":61},[47,155376,1419],{"class":83},[47,155378,155379,155381,155383,155385,155387,155389],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155380,98],{"class":97},[47,155382,101],{"class":83},[47,155384,10562],{"class":97},[47,155386,101],{"class":83},[47,155388,58932],{"class":87},[47,155390,1419],{"class":83},[20,155392,155393],{},[121,155394,338],{},[38,155396,155397],{"className":40,"code":46021,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155398,155399],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155400,155401],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155402,46021],{"class":586},[20,155404,155405,155407],{},[15,155406,41764],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[33,155409,155411],{"id":155410},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[724,155413,155415,155417],{"id":155414},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,155416,41764],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[38,155419,155421],{"className":40,"code":155420,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,155422,155423,155447],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155424,155425,155427,155429,155431,155433,155435,155437,155439,155441,155443,155445],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155426,3466],{"class":53},[47,155428,58],{"class":57},[47,155430,8634],{"class":83},[47,155432,253],{"class":61},[47,155434,63001],{"class":65},[47,155436,253],{"class":61},[47,155438,590],{"class":83},[47,155440,62],{"class":61},[47,155442,42],{"class":65},[47,155444,253],{"class":61},[47,155446,107],{"class":83},[47,155448,155449,155451,155453,155455,155457,155459],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155450,98],{"class":97},[47,155452,101],{"class":83},[47,155454,10562],{"class":97},[47,155456,101],{"class":83},[47,155458,3509],{"class":87},[47,155460,1419],{"class":83},[20,155462,155463],{},[121,155464,338],{},[38,155466,155467],{"className":40,"code":16458,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155468,155469],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155470,155471],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155472,16458],{"class":586},[20,155474,155475,155476,155478],{},"This result is ",[15,155477,1449],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,155480,155481],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[38,155483,155485],{"className":40,"code":155484,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,155486,155487,155511],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155488,155489,155491,155493,155495,155497,155499,155501,155503,155505,155507,155509],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155490,3466],{"class":53},[47,155492,58],{"class":57},[47,155494,8634],{"class":83},[47,155496,253],{"class":61},[47,155498,63001],{"class":65},[47,155500,253],{"class":61},[47,155502,590],{"class":83},[47,155504,62],{"class":61},[47,155506,42],{"class":65},[47,155508,253],{"class":61},[47,155510,107],{"class":83},[47,155512,155513,155515,155517,155519,155521,155523,155525,155527],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155514,98],{"class":97},[47,155516,101],{"class":83},[47,155518,10562],{"class":97},[47,155520,101],{"class":83},[47,155522,3509],{"class":87},[47,155524,3296],{"class":83},[47,155526,1514],{"class":586},[47,155528,2389],{"class":83},[20,155530,155531],{},[121,155532,338],{},[38,155534,155535],{"className":40,"code":16458,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155536,155537],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155538,155539],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155540,16458],{"class":586},[20,155542,20173,155543,155546,155547,84],{},[15,155544,155545],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,155548,155549],{},"\"hi\"",[724,155551,155553,155555],{"id":155552},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,155554,41764],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[38,155557,155559],{"className":40,"code":155558,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,155560,155561,155597],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155562,155563,155565,155567,155569,155571,155573,155575,155577,155579,155581,155583,155585,155587,155589,155591,155593,155595],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155564,3219],{"class":53},[47,155566,58],{"class":57},[47,155568,9394],{"class":83},[47,155570,2377],{"class":586},[47,155572,590],{"class":83},[47,155574,2382],{"class":586},[47,155576,8631],{"class":83},[47,155578,8634],{"class":83},[47,155580,1455],{"class":586},[47,155582,590],{"class":83},[47,155584,1847],{"class":586},[47,155586,8631],{"class":83},[47,155588,8634],{"class":83},[47,155590,1531],{"class":586},[47,155592,590],{"class":83},[47,155594,37048],{"class":586},[47,155596,1419],{"class":83},[47,155598,155599,155601,155603,155605,155607,155609],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155600,98],{"class":97},[47,155602,101],{"class":83},[47,155604,10562],{"class":97},[47,155606,101],{"class":83},[47,155608,4758],{"class":87},[47,155610,1419],{"class":83},[20,155612,155613],{},[121,155614,338],{},[38,155616,155617],{"className":40,"code":46021,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155618,155619],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155620,155621],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155622,46021],{"class":586},[20,155624,155625],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[724,155627,155629],{"id":155628},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,155631,25094],{},[38,155633,155635],{"className":40,"code":155634,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,155636,155637,155649],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155638,155639,155641,155643,155645,155647],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155640,1836],{"class":53},[47,155642,58],{"class":57},[47,155644,8634],{"class":83},[47,155646,1719],{"class":586},[47,155648,107],{"class":83},[47,155650,155651,155653,155655,155657,155659,155661],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155652,98],{"class":97},[47,155654,101],{"class":83},[47,155656,2613],{"class":919},[47,155658,101],{"class":83},[47,155660,1863],{"class":87},[47,155662,1419],{"class":83},[20,155664,155665],{},[121,155666,338],{},[38,155668,155670],{"className":40,"code":155669,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,155671,155672],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155673,155674,155676,155678,155680,155682,155684],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155675,2682],{"class":57},[47,155677,2685],{"class":1458},[47,155679,2688],{"class":61},[47,155681,890],{"class":65},[47,155683,2693],{"class":61},[47,155685,2696],{"class":57},[20,155687,155688],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[38,155690,155692],{"className":40,"code":155691,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,155693,155694,155706,155720],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155695,155696,155698,155700,155702,155704],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155697,1836],{"class":53},[47,155699,58],{"class":57},[47,155701,8634],{"class":83},[47,155703,1719],{"class":586},[47,155705,148585],{"class":83},[47,155707,155708,155710,155712,155714,155716,155718],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155709,98],{"class":97},[47,155711,101],{"class":83},[47,155713,2613],{"class":919},[47,155715,101],{"class":83},[47,155717,1863],{"class":87},[47,155719,1419],{"class":83},[47,155721,155722,155724,155726,155728,155730,155732],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,155723,98],{"class":97},[47,155725,101],{"class":83},[47,155727,10562],{"class":97},[47,155729,101],{"class":83},[47,155731,1863],{"class":87},[47,155733,1419],{"class":83},[20,155735,155736],{},[121,155737,338],{},[38,155739,155741],{"className":40,"code":155740,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155742,155743,155757],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155744,155745,155747,155749,155751,155753,155755],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155746,2682],{"class":57},[47,155748,2685],{"class":1458},[47,155750,2688],{"class":61},[47,155752,48357],{"class":65},[47,155754,2693],{"class":61},[47,155756,2696],{"class":57},[47,155758,155759],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155760,46321],{"class":586},[724,155762,155764,155766],{"id":155763},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,155765,10562],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,155768,43832,155769,155771],{},[15,155770,10562],{}," as a variable name.",[20,155773,43863],{},[38,155775,155777],{"className":40,"code":155776,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,155778,155779,155787,155807],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155780,155781,155783,155785],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155782,10562],{"class":97},[47,155784,12677],{"class":57},[47,155786,1976],{"class":586},[47,155788,155789,155791,155793,155795,155797,155799,155801,155803,155805],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155790,3012],{"class":53},[47,155792,58],{"class":57},[47,155794,8634],{"class":83},[47,155796,2377],{"class":586},[47,155798,590],{"class":83},[47,155800,2382],{"class":586},[47,155802,590],{"class":83},[47,155804,1841],{"class":586},[47,155806,107],{"class":83},[47,155808,155809,155811,155813,155815,155817,155819],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,155810,98],{"class":97},[47,155812,101],{"class":83},[47,155814,10562],{"class":97},[47,155816,101],{"class":83},[47,155818,3044],{"class":87},[47,155820,1419],{"class":83},[20,155822,887,155823,155825],{},[15,155824,10562],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,155827,155828],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[38,155830,155832],{"className":40,"code":155831,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,155833,155834,155843,155863],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155835,155836,155839,155841],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155837,155838],{"class":53},"length_value ",[47,155840,58],{"class":57},[47,155842,1976],{"class":586},[47,155844,155845,155847,155849,155851,155853,155855,155857,155859,155861],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155846,3012],{"class":53},[47,155848,58],{"class":57},[47,155850,8634],{"class":83},[47,155852,2377],{"class":586},[47,155854,590],{"class":83},[47,155856,2382],{"class":586},[47,155858,590],{"class":83},[47,155860,1841],{"class":586},[47,155862,107],{"class":83},[47,155864,155865,155867,155869,155871,155873,155875],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,155866,98],{"class":97},[47,155868,101],{"class":83},[47,155870,10562],{"class":97},[47,155872,101],{"class":83},[47,155874,3044],{"class":87},[47,155876,1419],{"class":83},[20,155878,155879],{},[121,155880,338],{},[38,155882,155883],{"className":40,"code":46021,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155884,155885],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155886,155887],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155888,46021],{"class":586},[33,155890,155892],{"id":155891},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,155894,155895,155897],{},[15,155896,41764],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[724,155899,155901],{"id":155900},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[38,155903,155905],{"className":40,"code":155904,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,155906,155907,155915,155919,155937],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155908,155909,155911,155913],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155910,7178],{"class":53},[47,155912,58],{"class":57},[47,155914,148571],{"class":83},[47,155916,155917],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155918,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,155920,155921,155923,155925,155927,155929,155931,155933,155935],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,155922,656],{"class":655},[47,155924,37790],{"class":97},[47,155926,101],{"class":83},[47,155928,7209],{"class":87},[47,155930,3057],{"class":83},[47,155932,669],{"class":57},[47,155934,3230],{"class":586},[47,155936,679],{"class":83},[47,155938,155939,155941,155943,155945,155948,155950],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,155940,684],{"class":97},[47,155942,101],{"class":83},[47,155944,253],{"class":61},[47,155946,155947],{"class":65},"The tuple is empty",[47,155949,253],{"class":61},[47,155951,107],{"class":83},[20,155953,155954],{},[121,155955,338],{},[38,155957,155959],{"className":40,"code":155958,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,155960,155961],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155962,155963,155965,155967,155969],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155964,1371],{"class":53},[47,155966,48357],{"class":919},[47,155968,7495],{"class":57},[47,155970,7501],{"class":53},[724,155972,155974],{"id":155973},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[38,155976,155978],{"className":40,"code":155977,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,155979,155980,155996,156000,156018],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155981,155982,155984,155986,155988,155990,155992,155994],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155983,50789],{"class":53},[47,155985,58],{"class":57},[47,155987,8634],{"class":83},[47,155989,1896],{"class":586},[47,155991,590],{"class":83},[47,155993,587],{"class":586},[47,155995,107],{"class":83},[47,155997,155998],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155999,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,156001,156002,156004,156006,156008,156010,156012,156014,156016],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,156003,656],{"class":655},[47,156005,37790],{"class":97},[47,156007,101],{"class":83},[47,156009,50814],{"class":87},[47,156011,3057],{"class":83},[47,156013,669],{"class":57},[47,156015,2382],{"class":586},[47,156017,679],{"class":83},[47,156019,156020,156022,156024,156026,156029,156031],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,156021,684],{"class":97},[47,156023,101],{"class":83},[47,156025,253],{"class":61},[47,156027,156028],{"class":65},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[47,156030,253],{"class":61},[47,156032,107],{"class":83},[20,156034,156035],{},[121,156036,338],{},[38,156038,156040],{"className":40,"code":156039,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156041,156042],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156043,156044,156047,156049],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156045,156046],{"class":53},"This looks like an x",[47,156048,590],{"class":83},[47,156050,156051],{"class":53}," y coordinate\n",[724,156053,156055],{"id":156054},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[38,156057,156059],{"className":40,"code":156058,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156060,156061,156090,156094,156112],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156062,156063,156065,156067,156069,156071,156073,156075,156077,156079,156081,156083,156086,156088],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156064,10886],{"class":53},[47,156066,58],{"class":57},[47,156068,8634],{"class":83},[47,156070,253],{"class":61},[47,156072,12280],{"class":65},[47,156074,253],{"class":61},[47,156076,590],{"class":83},[47,156078,8704],{"class":586},[47,156080,590],{"class":83},[47,156082,62],{"class":61},[47,156084,156085],{"class":65},"Canada",[47,156087,253],{"class":61},[47,156089,107],{"class":83},[47,156091,156092],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,156093,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,156095,156096,156098,156100,156102,156104,156106,156108,156110],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,156097,656],{"class":655},[47,156099,37790],{"class":97},[47,156101,101],{"class":83},[47,156103,10980],{"class":87},[47,156105,3057],{"class":83},[47,156107,669],{"class":57},[47,156109,1841],{"class":586},[47,156111,679],{"class":83},[47,156113,156114,156116,156118,156120,156123,156125],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,156115,684],{"class":97},[47,156117,101],{"class":83},[47,156119,253],{"class":61},[47,156121,156122],{"class":65},"User record has the expected number of values",[47,156124,253],{"class":61},[47,156126,107],{"class":83},[20,156128,156129],{},[121,156130,338],{},[38,156132,156134],{"className":40,"code":156133,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156135,156136],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156137,156138],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156139,156133],{"class":53},[724,156141,156143],{"id":156142},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[38,156145,156147],{"className":40,"code":156146,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156148,156149,156181,156185,156205],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156150,156151,156153,156155,156157,156159,156161,156163,156165,156167,156169,156171,156173,156175,156177,156179],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156152,35494],{"class":53},[47,156154,58],{"class":57},[47,156156,8634],{"class":83},[47,156158,253],{"class":61},[47,156160,154],{"class":65},[47,156162,253],{"class":61},[47,156164,590],{"class":83},[47,156166,62],{"class":61},[47,156168,4158],{"class":65},[47,156170,253],{"class":61},[47,156172,590],{"class":83},[47,156174,62],{"class":61},[47,156176,9138],{"class":65},[47,156178,253],{"class":61},[47,156180,107],{"class":83},[47,156182,156183],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,156184,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,156186,156187,156189,156191,156193,156195,156197,156199,156201,156203],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,156188,5359],{"class":655},[47,156190,68954],{"class":53},[47,156192,3278],{"class":655},[47,156194,53475],{"class":97},[47,156196,101],{"class":83},[47,156198,10562],{"class":97},[47,156200,101],{"class":83},[47,156202,35547],{"class":87},[47,156204,68969],{"class":83},[47,156206,156207,156209,156211,156213,156215,156217,156219,156221],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,156208,684],{"class":97},[47,156210,101],{"class":83},[47,156212,35558],{"class":87},[47,156214,590],{"class":83},[47,156216,69502],{"class":87},[47,156218,3296],{"class":83},[47,156220,35558],{"class":87},[47,156222,3284],{"class":83},[20,156224,156225],{},[121,156226,338],{},[38,156228,156229],{"className":40,"code":35570,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,156230,156231,156237,156243],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156232,156233,156235],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156234,1514],{"class":586},[47,156236,35579],{"class":53},[47,156238,156239,156241],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,156240,2377],{"class":586},[47,156242,35586],{"class":53},[47,156244,156245,156247],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,156246,1449],{"class":586},[47,156248,35593],{"class":53},[20,156250,156251,156252,156254,156255,84],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[154,156253,148902],{"href":148901},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[154,156256,150146],{"href":150145},[33,156258,722],{"id":721},[20,156260,156261],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[133,156263,156264,156272,156279,156284],{},[136,156265,156266,156267,10492,156270],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156268,156269],{},"(5)",[15,156271,148736],{},[136,156273,7816,156274,156276,156277],{},[15,156275,10562],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156278,41764],{},[136,156280,7852,156281,156283],{},[15,156282,41764],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[136,156285,156286],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156288,31488],{},[38,156290,156292],{"className":40,"code":156291,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156293,156294,156304,156318,156332],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156295,156296,156298,156300,156302],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156297,98],{"class":97},[47,156299,101],{"class":83},[47,156301,147247],{"class":87},[47,156303,107],{"class":83},[47,156305,156306,156308,156310,156312,156314,156316],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,156307,98],{"class":97},[47,156309,101],{"class":83},[47,156311,2613],{"class":919},[47,156313,101],{"class":83},[47,156315,147247],{"class":87},[47,156317,1419],{"class":83},[47,156319,156320,156322,156324,156326,156328,156330],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,156321,98],{"class":97},[47,156323,101],{"class":83},[47,156325,10562],{"class":97},[47,156327,101],{"class":83},[47,156329,147247],{"class":87},[47,156331,1419],{"class":83},[47,156333,156334,156336,156338,156340],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,156335,31558],{"class":97},[47,156337,101],{"class":83},[47,156339,10562],{"class":97},[47,156341,107],{"class":83},[20,156343,154456],{},[133,156345,156346,156349,156352,156356],{},[136,156347,156348],{},"what value you are using",[136,156350,156351],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[136,156353,25423,156354,11104],{},[15,156355,41764],{},[136,156357,122776,156358,156360],{},[15,156359,41764],{}," is documented in Python",[33,156362,1155],{"id":1154},[724,156364,156366],{"id":156365},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,156368,1486,156369,156372],{},[15,156370,156371],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[724,156374,1159,156376,148406],{"id":156375},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,156377,41764],{},[20,156379,45769,156380,156382],{},[15,156381,41764],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[724,156384,156386],{"id":156385},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,156388,156389,156390,84],{},"The length is ",[15,156391,1514],{},[724,156393,156395],{"id":156394},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,156397,150092,156398,156400],{},[15,156399,150095],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[724,156402,1159,156404,156406],{"id":156403},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,156405,41764],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,156408,156409],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[33,156411,1275],{"id":1274},[133,156413,156414,156420,156424,156428,156432],{},[136,156415,156416],{},[154,156417,2968,156418,2901],{"href":41761},[15,156419,41764],{},[136,156421,156422],{},[154,156423,155321],{"href":147232},[136,156425,156426],{},[154,156427,148902],{"href":148901},[136,156429,156430],{},[154,156431,150146],{"href":150145},[136,156433,156434],{},[154,156435,156436],{"href":148532},"What is a tuple in Python",[1320,156438,156439],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":156441},[156442,156443,156444,156451,156457,156466,156472,156473,156482],{"id":14564,"depth":72,"text":14565},{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":154809,"depth":72,"text":156445,"children":156446},"What len() returns for a tuple",[156447,156448,156449,156450],{"id":154821,"depth":94,"text":154822},{"id":154888,"depth":94,"text":154889},{"id":154933,"depth":94,"text":154934},{"id":154982,"depth":94,"text":154983},{"id":155071,"depth":72,"text":155072,"children":156452},[156453,156454,156455,156456],{"id":155075,"depth":94,"text":155076},{"id":155150,"depth":94,"text":154889},{"id":155192,"depth":94,"text":155193},{"id":155326,"depth":94,"text":155327},{"id":155410,"depth":72,"text":155411,"children":156458},[156459,156461,156463,156464],{"id":155414,"depth":94,"text":156460},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":155552,"depth":94,"text":156462},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":155628,"depth":94,"text":155629},{"id":155763,"depth":94,"text":156465},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":155891,"depth":72,"text":155892,"children":156467},[156468,156469,156470,156471],{"id":155900,"depth":94,"text":155901},{"id":155973,"depth":94,"text":155974},{"id":156054,"depth":94,"text":156055},{"id":156142,"depth":94,"text":156143},{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":156474},[156475,156476,156478,156479,156480],{"id":156365,"depth":94,"text":156366},{"id":156375,"depth":94,"text":156477},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156385,"depth":94,"text":156386},{"id":156394,"depth":94,"text":156395},{"id":156403,"depth":94,"text":156481},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":154593,"description":156483},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":156490,"title":156491,"body":156492,"description":158877,"extension":1354,"meta":158878,"navigation":311,"path":158879,"seo":158880,"stem":158881,"__hash__":158882},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":156493,"toc":158838},[156494,156497,156500,156503,156526,156532,156534,156645,156649,156652,156662,156664,156763,156765,156842,156848,156852,156855,156878,156881,156898,156901,156903,156966,156968,156985,156996,157001,157003,157006,157012,157063,157065,157085,157089,157140,157142,157163,157167,157222,157224,157245,157249,157304,157306,157327,157331,157384,157386,157415,157417,157419,157422,157426,157483,157485,157506,157510,157563,157565,157590,157595,157599,157604,157622,157625,157688,157690,157711,157714,157775,157777,157798,157801,157844,157847,157851,157856,157860,157939,157941,157972,157976,158051,158053,158080,158084,158131,158133,158141,158146,158150,158153,158168,158170,158258,158260,158285,158288,158331,158340,158342,158345,158360,158363,158367,158421,158423,158443,158448,158452,158454,158492,158495,158545,158549,158622,158624,158661,158664,158666,158669,158689,158692,158761,158763,158776,158778,158782,158785,158789,158792,158797,158800,158806,158811,158813,158835],[10,156495,156491],{"id":156496},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,156498,156499],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,156501,156502],{},"Use this format:",[38,156504,156506],{"className":40,"code":156505,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,156507,156508],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156509,156510,156512,156514,156516,156518,156520,156522,156524],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156511,48357],{"class":53},[47,156513,3296],{"class":83},[47,156515,35476],{"class":53},[47,156517,1032],{"class":83},[47,156519,74831],{"class":53},[47,156521,1032],{"class":83},[47,156523,74834],{"class":53},[47,156525,3030],{"class":83},[20,156527,1371,156528,74867,156530,84],{},[15,156529,74831],{},[121,156531,64475],{},[33,156533,36],{"id":35},[38,156535,156537],{"className":40,"code":156536,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,156538,156539,156567,156571,156592,156609,156626],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156540,156541,156543,156545,156547,156549,156551,156553,156555,156557,156559,156561,156563,156565],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156542,3012],{"class":53},[47,156544,58],{"class":57},[47,156546,8634],{"class":83},[47,156548,1719],{"class":586},[47,156550,590],{"class":83},[47,156552,7189],{"class":586},[47,156554,590],{"class":83},[47,156556,7194],{"class":586},[47,156558,590],{"class":83},[47,156560,50248],{"class":586},[47,156562,590],{"class":83},[47,156564,4478],{"class":586},[47,156566,107],{"class":83},[47,156568,156569],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,156570,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,156572,156573,156575,156577,156579,156581,156583,156585,156587,156589],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,156574,98],{"class":97},[47,156576,101],{"class":83},[47,156578,3044],{"class":87},[47,156580,3296],{"class":83},[47,156582,2377],{"class":586},[47,156584,1032],{"class":83},[47,156586,1896],{"class":586},[47,156588,19848],{"class":83},[47,156590,156591],{"class":113},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[47,156593,156594,156596,156598,156600,156602,156604,156606],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,156595,98],{"class":97},[47,156597,101],{"class":83},[47,156599,3044],{"class":87},[47,156601,74940],{"class":83},[47,156603,1455],{"class":586},[47,156605,19848],{"class":83},[47,156607,156608],{"class":113},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[47,156610,156611,156613,156615,156617,156619,156621,156623],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,156612,98],{"class":97},[47,156614,101],{"class":83},[47,156616,3044],{"class":87},[47,156618,73527],{"class":83},[47,156620,1449],{"class":586},[47,156622,19848],{"class":83},[47,156624,156625],{"class":113},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[47,156627,156628,156630,156632,156634,156636,156638,156640,156642],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,156629,98],{"class":97},[47,156631,101],{"class":83},[47,156633,3044],{"class":87},[47,156635,73527],{"class":83},[47,156637,1413],{"class":57},[47,156639,2377],{"class":586},[47,156641,19848],{"class":83},[47,156643,156644],{"class":113},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[33,156646,156648],{"id":156647},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,156650,156651],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[133,156653,156654,156656,156659],{},[136,156655,75134],{},[136,156657,156658],{},"The result is a new tuple",[136,156660,156661],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,156663,538],{},[38,156665,156667],{"className":40,"code":156666,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,156668,156669,156717,156721,156739,156743,156753],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156670,156671,156673,156675,156677,156679,156681,156683,156685,156687,156689,156691,156693,156695,156697,156699,156701,156703,156705,156707,156709,156711,156713,156715],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156672,35494],{"class":53},[47,156674,58],{"class":57},[47,156676,8634],{"class":83},[47,156678,253],{"class":61},[47,156680,154],{"class":65},[47,156682,253],{"class":61},[47,156684,590],{"class":83},[47,156686,62],{"class":61},[47,156688,4158],{"class":65},[47,156690,253],{"class":61},[47,156692,590],{"class":83},[47,156694,62],{"class":61},[47,156696,9138],{"class":65},[47,156698,253],{"class":61},[47,156700,590],{"class":83},[47,156702,62],{"class":61},[47,156704,18170],{"class":65},[47,156706,253],{"class":61},[47,156708,590],{"class":83},[47,156710,62],{"class":61},[47,156712,59853],{"class":65},[47,156714,253],{"class":61},[47,156716,107],{"class":83},[47,156718,156719],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,156720,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,156722,156723,156725,156727,156729,156731,156733,156735,156737],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,156724,75064],{"class":53},[47,156726,58],{"class":57},[47,156728,69502],{"class":53},[47,156730,3296],{"class":83},[47,156732,2377],{"class":586},[47,156734,1032],{"class":83},[47,156736,1896],{"class":586},[47,156738,3030],{"class":83},[47,156740,156741],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,156742,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,156744,156745,156747,156749,156751],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,156746,98],{"class":97},[47,156748,101],{"class":83},[47,156750,75087],{"class":87},[47,156752,107],{"class":83},[47,156754,156755,156757,156759,156761],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,156756,98],{"class":97},[47,156758,101],{"class":83},[47,156760,35547],{"class":87},[47,156762,107],{"class":83},[20,156764,338],{},[38,156766,156768],{"className":40,"code":156767,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,156769,156770,156798],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156771,156772,156774,156776,156778,156780,156782,156784,156786,156788,156790,156792,156794,156796],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156773,101],{"class":83},[47,156775,2693],{"class":61},[47,156777,4158],{"class":65},[47,156779,2693],{"class":61},[47,156781,590],{"class":83},[47,156783,2688],{"class":61},[47,156785,9138],{"class":65},[47,156787,2693],{"class":61},[47,156789,590],{"class":83},[47,156791,2688],{"class":61},[47,156793,18170],{"class":65},[47,156795,2693],{"class":61},[47,156797,107],{"class":83},[47,156799,156800,156802,156804,156806,156808,156810,156812,156814,156816,156818,156820,156822,156824,156826,156828,156830,156832,156834,156836,156838,156840],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,156801,101],{"class":83},[47,156803,2693],{"class":61},[47,156805,154],{"class":65},[47,156807,2693],{"class":61},[47,156809,590],{"class":83},[47,156811,2688],{"class":61},[47,156813,4158],{"class":65},[47,156815,2693],{"class":61},[47,156817,590],{"class":83},[47,156819,2688],{"class":61},[47,156821,9138],{"class":65},[47,156823,2693],{"class":61},[47,156825,590],{"class":83},[47,156827,2688],{"class":61},[47,156829,18170],{"class":65},[47,156831,2693],{"class":61},[47,156833,590],{"class":83},[47,156835,2688],{"class":61},[47,156837,59853],{"class":65},[47,156839,2693],{"class":61},[47,156841,107],{"class":83},[20,156843,156844,156845,84],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[154,156846,147229],{"href":156847},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[33,156849,156851],{"id":156850},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,156853,156854],{},"The full syntax is:",[38,156856,156858],{"className":40,"code":156857,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,156859,156860],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156861,156862,156864,156866,156868,156870,156872,156874,156876],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156863,147247],{"class":53},[47,156865,3296],{"class":83},[47,156867,35476],{"class":53},[47,156869,1032],{"class":83},[47,156871,74831],{"class":53},[47,156873,1032],{"class":83},[47,156875,74834],{"class":53},[47,156877,3030],{"class":83},[20,156879,156880],{},"Each part has a job:",[133,156882,156883,156888,156893],{},[136,156884,156885,156887],{},[15,156886,35476],{},": where slicing begins",[136,156889,156890,156892],{},[15,156891,74831],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[136,156894,156895,156897],{},[15,156896,74834],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,156899,156900],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,156902,538],{},[38,156904,156906],{"className":40,"code":156905,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,156907,156908,156940,156944],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156909,156910,156912,156914,156916,156918,156920,156922,156924,156926,156928,156930,156932,156934,156936,156938],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156911,3012],{"class":53},[47,156913,58],{"class":57},[47,156915,8634],{"class":83},[47,156917,1719],{"class":586},[47,156919,590],{"class":83},[47,156921,7189],{"class":586},[47,156923,590],{"class":83},[47,156925,7194],{"class":586},[47,156927,590],{"class":83},[47,156929,50248],{"class":586},[47,156931,590],{"class":83},[47,156933,4478],{"class":586},[47,156935,590],{"class":83},[47,156937,75505],{"class":586},[47,156939,107],{"class":83},[47,156941,156942],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,156943,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,156945,156946,156948,156950,156952,156954,156956,156958,156960,156962,156964],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,156947,98],{"class":97},[47,156949,101],{"class":83},[47,156951,3044],{"class":87},[47,156953,3296],{"class":83},[47,156955,2377],{"class":586},[47,156957,1032],{"class":83},[47,156959,1531],{"class":586},[47,156961,1032],{"class":83},[47,156963,1449],{"class":586},[47,156965,3284],{"class":83},[20,156967,338],{},[38,156969,156971],{"className":40,"code":156970,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(20, 40)\n",[15,156972,156973],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156974,156975,156977,156979,156981,156983],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156976,101],{"class":83},[47,156978,15157],{"class":586},[47,156980,590],{"class":83},[47,156982,50248],{"class":586},[47,156984,107],{"class":83},[20,156986,156987,156988,156990,156991,156993,156994,84],{},"This starts at index ",[15,156989,2377],{},", stops before index ",[15,156992,1531],{},", and moves by ",[15,156995,1449],{},[20,156997,156998,156999,84],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[154,157000,148902],{"href":152328},[33,157002,75421],{"id":75420},[20,157004,157005],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[724,157007,157009,157010,5367],{"id":157008},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157011,75435],{},[38,157013,157015],{"className":40,"code":157014,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157016,157017,157045,157049],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157018,157019,157021,157023,157025,157027,157029,157031,157033,157035,157037,157039,157041,157043],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157020,3012],{"class":53},[47,157022,58],{"class":57},[47,157024,8634],{"class":83},[47,157026,1719],{"class":586},[47,157028,590],{"class":83},[47,157030,7189],{"class":586},[47,157032,590],{"class":83},[47,157034,7194],{"class":586},[47,157036,590],{"class":83},[47,157038,50248],{"class":586},[47,157040,590],{"class":83},[47,157042,4478],{"class":586},[47,157044,107],{"class":83},[47,157046,157047],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,157048,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,157050,157051,157053,157055,157057,157059,157061],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,157052,98],{"class":97},[47,157054,101],{"class":83},[47,157056,3044],{"class":87},[47,157058,74940],{"class":83},[47,157060,1455],{"class":586},[47,157062,3284],{"class":83},[20,157064,338],{},[38,157066,157067],{"className":40,"code":150594,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,157068,157069],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157070,157071,157073,157075,157077,157079,157081,157083],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157072,101],{"class":83},[47,157074,1719],{"class":586},[47,157076,590],{"class":83},[47,157078,7189],{"class":586},[47,157080,590],{"class":83},[47,157082,7194],{"class":586},[47,157084,107],{"class":83},[724,157086,157088],{"id":157087},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[38,157090,157092],{"className":40,"code":157091,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157093,157094,157122,157126],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157095,157096,157098,157100,157102,157104,157106,157108,157110,157112,157114,157116,157118,157120],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157097,3012],{"class":53},[47,157099,58],{"class":57},[47,157101,8634],{"class":83},[47,157103,1719],{"class":586},[47,157105,590],{"class":83},[47,157107,7189],{"class":586},[47,157109,590],{"class":83},[47,157111,7194],{"class":586},[47,157113,590],{"class":83},[47,157115,50248],{"class":586},[47,157117,590],{"class":83},[47,157119,4478],{"class":586},[47,157121,107],{"class":83},[47,157123,157124],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,157125,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,157127,157128,157130,157132,157134,157136,157138],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,157129,98],{"class":97},[47,157131,101],{"class":83},[47,157133,3044],{"class":87},[47,157135,3296],{"class":83},[47,157137,1449],{"class":586},[47,157139,77121],{"class":83},[20,157141,338],{},[38,157143,157145],{"className":40,"code":157144,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157146,157147],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157148,157149,157151,157153,157155,157157,157159,157161],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157150,101],{"class":83},[47,157152,36246],{"class":586},[47,157154,590],{"class":83},[47,157156,50248],{"class":586},[47,157158,590],{"class":83},[47,157160,4478],{"class":586},[47,157162,107],{"class":83},[724,157164,157166],{"id":157165},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[38,157168,157170],{"className":40,"code":157169,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157171,157172,157200,157204],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157173,157174,157176,157178,157180,157182,157184,157186,157188,157190,157192,157194,157196,157198],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157175,3012],{"class":53},[47,157177,58],{"class":57},[47,157179,8634],{"class":83},[47,157181,1719],{"class":586},[47,157183,590],{"class":83},[47,157185,7189],{"class":586},[47,157187,590],{"class":83},[47,157189,7194],{"class":586},[47,157191,590],{"class":83},[47,157193,50248],{"class":586},[47,157195,590],{"class":83},[47,157197,4478],{"class":586},[47,157199,107],{"class":83},[47,157201,157202],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,157203,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,157205,157206,157208,157210,157212,157214,157216,157218,157220],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,157207,98],{"class":97},[47,157209,101],{"class":83},[47,157211,3044],{"class":87},[47,157213,3296],{"class":83},[47,157215,2377],{"class":586},[47,157217,1032],{"class":83},[47,157219,1896],{"class":586},[47,157221,3284],{"class":83},[20,157223,338],{},[38,157225,157227],{"className":40,"code":157226,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157228,157229],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157230,157231,157233,157235,157237,157239,157241,157243],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157232,101],{"class":83},[47,157234,15157],{"class":586},[47,157236,590],{"class":83},[47,157238,7194],{"class":586},[47,157240,590],{"class":83},[47,157242,50248],{"class":586},[47,157244,107],{"class":83},[724,157246,157248],{"id":157247},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[38,157250,157252],{"className":40,"code":157251,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157253,157254,157286,157290],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157255,157256,157258,157260,157262,157264,157266,157268,157270,157272,157274,157276,157278,157280,157282,157284],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157257,3012],{"class":53},[47,157259,58],{"class":57},[47,157261,8634],{"class":83},[47,157263,1719],{"class":586},[47,157265,590],{"class":83},[47,157267,7189],{"class":586},[47,157269,590],{"class":83},[47,157271,7194],{"class":586},[47,157273,590],{"class":83},[47,157275,50248],{"class":586},[47,157277,590],{"class":83},[47,157279,4478],{"class":586},[47,157281,590],{"class":83},[47,157283,75505],{"class":586},[47,157285,107],{"class":83},[47,157287,157288],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,157289,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,157291,157292,157294,157296,157298,157300,157302],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,157293,98],{"class":97},[47,157295,101],{"class":83},[47,157297,3044],{"class":87},[47,157299,73527],{"class":83},[47,157301,1449],{"class":586},[47,157303,3284],{"class":83},[20,157305,338],{},[38,157307,157309],{"className":40,"code":157308,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157310,157311],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157312,157313,157315,157317,157319,157321,157323,157325],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157314,101],{"class":83},[47,157316,1719],{"class":586},[47,157318,590],{"class":83},[47,157320,7194],{"class":586},[47,157322,590],{"class":83},[47,157324,4478],{"class":586},[47,157326,107],{"class":83},[724,157328,157330],{"id":157329},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[38,157332,157334],{"className":40,"code":157333,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,157335,157336,157364,157368],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157337,157338,157340,157342,157344,157346,157348,157350,157352,157354,157356,157358,157360,157362],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157339,3012],{"class":53},[47,157341,58],{"class":57},[47,157343,8634],{"class":83},[47,157345,1719],{"class":586},[47,157347,590],{"class":83},[47,157349,7189],{"class":586},[47,157351,590],{"class":83},[47,157353,7194],{"class":586},[47,157355,590],{"class":83},[47,157357,50248],{"class":586},[47,157359,590],{"class":83},[47,157361,4478],{"class":586},[47,157363,107],{"class":83},[47,157365,157366],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,157367,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,157369,157370,157372,157374,157376,157378,157380,157382],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,157371,98],{"class":97},[47,157373,101],{"class":83},[47,157375,3044],{"class":87},[47,157377,73527],{"class":83},[47,157379,1413],{"class":57},[47,157381,2377],{"class":586},[47,157383,3284],{"class":83},[20,157385,338],{},[38,157387,157389],{"className":40,"code":157388,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157390,157391],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157392,157393,157395,157397,157399,157401,157403,157405,157407,157409,157411,157413],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157394,101],{"class":83},[47,157396,76199],{"class":586},[47,157398,590],{"class":83},[47,157400,50248],{"class":586},[47,157402,590],{"class":83},[47,157404,7194],{"class":586},[47,157406,590],{"class":83},[47,157408,7189],{"class":586},[47,157410,590],{"class":83},[47,157412,5405],{"class":586},[47,157414,107],{"class":83},[33,157416,75715],{"id":75714},[20,157418,153601],{},[20,157420,157421],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[724,157423,157425],{"id":157424},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[38,157427,157429],{"className":40,"code":157428,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,157430,157431,157463,157467],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157432,157433,157435,157437,157439,157441,157443,157445,157447,157449,157451,157453,157455,157457,157459,157461],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157434,3012],{"class":53},[47,157436,58],{"class":57},[47,157438,8634],{"class":83},[47,157440,1719],{"class":586},[47,157442,590],{"class":83},[47,157444,7189],{"class":586},[47,157446,590],{"class":83},[47,157448,7194],{"class":586},[47,157450,590],{"class":83},[47,157452,50248],{"class":586},[47,157454,590],{"class":83},[47,157456,4478],{"class":586},[47,157458,590],{"class":83},[47,157460,75505],{"class":586},[47,157462,107],{"class":83},[47,157464,157465],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,157466,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,157468,157469,157471,157473,157475,157477,157479,157481],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,157470,98],{"class":97},[47,157472,101],{"class":83},[47,157474,3044],{"class":87},[47,157476,3296],{"class":83},[47,157478,1413],{"class":57},[47,157480,1455],{"class":586},[47,157482,77121],{"class":83},[20,157484,338],{},[38,157486,157488],{"className":40,"code":157487,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,157489,157490],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157491,157492,157494,157496,157498,157500,157502,157504],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157493,101],{"class":83},[47,157495,56098],{"class":586},[47,157497,590],{"class":83},[47,157499,4478],{"class":586},[47,157501,590],{"class":83},[47,157503,75505],{"class":586},[47,157505,107],{"class":83},[724,157507,157509],{"id":157508},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[38,157511,157513],{"className":40,"code":157512,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,157514,157515,157543,157547],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157516,157517,157519,157521,157523,157525,157527,157529,157531,157533,157535,157537,157539,157541],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157518,3012],{"class":53},[47,157520,58],{"class":57},[47,157522,8634],{"class":83},[47,157524,1719],{"class":586},[47,157526,590],{"class":83},[47,157528,7189],{"class":586},[47,157530,590],{"class":83},[47,157532,7194],{"class":586},[47,157534,590],{"class":83},[47,157536,50248],{"class":586},[47,157538,590],{"class":83},[47,157540,4478],{"class":586},[47,157542,107],{"class":83},[47,157544,157545],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,157546,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,157548,157549,157551,157553,157555,157557,157559,157561],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,157550,98],{"class":97},[47,157552,101],{"class":83},[47,157554,3044],{"class":87},[47,157556,74940],{"class":83},[47,157558,1413],{"class":57},[47,157560,2377],{"class":586},[47,157562,3284],{"class":83},[20,157564,338],{},[38,157566,157568],{"className":40,"code":157567,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157569,157570],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157571,157572,157574,157576,157578,157580,157582,157584,157586,157588],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157573,101],{"class":83},[47,157575,1719],{"class":586},[47,157577,590],{"class":83},[47,157579,7189],{"class":586},[47,157581,590],{"class":83},[47,157583,7194],{"class":586},[47,157585,590],{"class":83},[47,157587,50248],{"class":586},[47,157589,107],{"class":83},[20,157591,157592,157593,84],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[154,157594,150151],{"href":156485},[33,157596,157598],{"id":157597},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,157600,1371,157601,157603],{},[15,157602,74834],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[133,157605,157606,157608,157610,157616],{},[136,157607,75971],{},[136,157609,75974],{},[136,157611,157612,157615],{},[15,157613,157614],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[136,157617,157618,157619,157621],{},"A step of ",[15,157620,1514],{}," is not allowed",[20,157623,157624],{},"Example with a positive step:",[38,157626,157628],{"className":40,"code":157627,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,157629,157630,157662,157666],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157631,157632,157634,157636,157638,157640,157642,157644,157646,157648,157650,157652,157654,157656,157658,157660],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157633,3012],{"class":53},[47,157635,58],{"class":57},[47,157637,8634],{"class":83},[47,157639,1719],{"class":586},[47,157641,590],{"class":83},[47,157643,7189],{"class":586},[47,157645,590],{"class":83},[47,157647,7194],{"class":586},[47,157649,590],{"class":83},[47,157651,50248],{"class":586},[47,157653,590],{"class":83},[47,157655,4478],{"class":586},[47,157657,590],{"class":83},[47,157659,75505],{"class":586},[47,157661,107],{"class":83},[47,157663,157664],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,157665,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,157667,157668,157670,157672,157674,157676,157678,157680,157682,157684,157686],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,157669,98],{"class":97},[47,157671,101],{"class":83},[47,157673,3044],{"class":87},[47,157675,3296],{"class":83},[47,157677,2377],{"class":586},[47,157679,1032],{"class":83},[47,157681,79999],{"class":586},[47,157683,1032],{"class":83},[47,157685,1449],{"class":586},[47,157687,3284],{"class":83},[20,157689,338],{},[38,157691,157693],{"className":40,"code":157692,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,157694,157695],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157696,157697,157699,157701,157703,157705,157707,157709],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157698,101],{"class":83},[47,157700,15157],{"class":586},[47,157702,590],{"class":83},[47,157704,50248],{"class":586},[47,157706,590],{"class":83},[47,157708,75505],{"class":586},[47,157710,107],{"class":83},[20,157712,157713],{},"Example with a negative step:",[38,157715,157717],{"className":40,"code":157716,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,157718,157719,157747,157751],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157720,157721,157723,157725,157727,157729,157731,157733,157735,157737,157739,157741,157743,157745],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157722,3012],{"class":53},[47,157724,58],{"class":57},[47,157726,8634],{"class":83},[47,157728,1719],{"class":586},[47,157730,590],{"class":83},[47,157732,7189],{"class":586},[47,157734,590],{"class":83},[47,157736,7194],{"class":586},[47,157738,590],{"class":83},[47,157740,50248],{"class":586},[47,157742,590],{"class":83},[47,157744,4478],{"class":586},[47,157746,107],{"class":83},[47,157748,157749],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,157750,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,157752,157753,157755,157757,157759,157761,157763,157765,157767,157769,157771,157773],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,157754,98],{"class":97},[47,157756,101],{"class":83},[47,157758,3044],{"class":87},[47,157760,3296],{"class":83},[47,157762,1896],{"class":586},[47,157764,1032],{"class":83},[47,157766,2377],{"class":586},[47,157768,1032],{"class":83},[47,157770,1413],{"class":57},[47,157772,2377],{"class":586},[47,157774,3284],{"class":83},[20,157776,338],{},[38,157778,157780],{"className":40,"code":157779,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,157781,157782],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157783,157784,157786,157788,157790,157792,157794,157796],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157785,101],{"class":83},[47,157787,76199],{"class":586},[47,157789,590],{"class":83},[47,157791,50248],{"class":586},[47,157793,590],{"class":83},[47,157795,7194],{"class":586},[47,157797,107],{"class":83},[20,157799,157800],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[38,157802,157804],{"className":40,"code":157803,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,157805,157806,157826,157830],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157807,157808,157810,157812,157814,157816,157818,157820,157822,157824],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157809,3012],{"class":53},[47,157811,58],{"class":57},[47,157813,8634],{"class":83},[47,157815,1719],{"class":586},[47,157817,590],{"class":83},[47,157819,7189],{"class":586},[47,157821,590],{"class":83},[47,157823,7194],{"class":586},[47,157825,107],{"class":83},[47,157827,157828],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,157829,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,157831,157832,157834,157836,157838,157840,157842],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,157833,98],{"class":97},[47,157835,101],{"class":83},[47,157837,3044],{"class":87},[47,157839,73527],{"class":83},[47,157841,1514],{"class":586},[47,157843,3284],{"class":83},[20,157845,157846],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[33,157848,157850],{"id":157849},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,157852,157853,157854,33147],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[121,157855,48357],{},[724,157857,157859],{"id":157858},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[38,157861,157863],{"className":40,"code":157862,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,157864,157865,157889,157893,157911,157915,157925],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157866,157867,157869,157871,157873,157875,157877,157879,157881,157883,157885,157887],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157868,3012],{"class":53},[47,157870,58],{"class":57},[47,157872,8634],{"class":83},[47,157874,1719],{"class":586},[47,157876,590],{"class":83},[47,157878,7189],{"class":586},[47,157880,590],{"class":83},[47,157882,7194],{"class":586},[47,157884,590],{"class":83},[47,157886,50248],{"class":586},[47,157888,107],{"class":83},[47,157890,157891],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,157892,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,157894,157895,157897,157899,157901,157903,157905,157907,157909],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,157896,75],{"class":53},[47,157898,58],{"class":57},[47,157900,3659],{"class":53},[47,157902,3296],{"class":83},[47,157904,2377],{"class":586},[47,157906,1032],{"class":83},[47,157908,1455],{"class":586},[47,157910,3030],{"class":83},[47,157912,157913],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,157914,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,157916,157917,157919,157921,157923],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,157918,98],{"class":97},[47,157920,101],{"class":83},[47,157922,104],{"class":87},[47,157924,107],{"class":83},[47,157926,157927,157929,157931,157933,157935,157937],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,157928,98],{"class":97},[47,157930,101],{"class":83},[47,157932,2613],{"class":919},[47,157934,101],{"class":83},[47,157936,104],{"class":87},[47,157938,1419],{"class":83},[20,157940,338],{},[38,157942,157944],{"className":40,"code":157943,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,157945,157946,157958],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157947,157948,157950,157952,157954,157956],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157949,101],{"class":83},[47,157951,15157],{"class":586},[47,157953,590],{"class":83},[47,157955,7194],{"class":586},[47,157957,107],{"class":83},[47,157959,157960,157962,157964,157966,157968,157970],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,157961,2682],{"class":57},[47,157963,2685],{"class":1458},[47,157965,2688],{"class":61},[47,157967,48357],{"class":65},[47,157969,2693],{"class":61},[47,157971,2696],{"class":57},[724,157973,157975],{"id":157974},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[38,157977,157979],{"className":40,"code":157978,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,157980,157981,158001,158005,158023,158027,158037],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157982,157983,157985,157987,157989,157991,157993,157995,157997,157999],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157984,3012],{"class":53},[47,157986,58],{"class":57},[47,157988,8634],{"class":83},[47,157990,1719],{"class":586},[47,157992,590],{"class":83},[47,157994,7189],{"class":586},[47,157996,590],{"class":83},[47,157998,7194],{"class":586},[47,158000,107],{"class":83},[47,158002,158003],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158004,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,158006,158007,158009,158011,158013,158015,158017,158019,158021],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,158008,75],{"class":53},[47,158010,58],{"class":57},[47,158012,3659],{"class":53},[47,158014,3296],{"class":83},[47,158016,2377],{"class":586},[47,158018,1032],{"class":83},[47,158020,1449],{"class":586},[47,158022,3030],{"class":83},[47,158024,158025],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,158026,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,158028,158029,158031,158033,158035],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,158030,98],{"class":97},[47,158032,101],{"class":83},[47,158034,104],{"class":87},[47,158036,107],{"class":83},[47,158038,158039,158041,158043,158045,158047,158049],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,158040,98],{"class":97},[47,158042,101],{"class":83},[47,158044,2613],{"class":919},[47,158046,101],{"class":83},[47,158048,104],{"class":87},[47,158050,1419],{"class":83},[20,158052,338],{},[38,158054,158056],{"className":40,"code":158055,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158057,158058,158066],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158059,158060,158062,158064],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158061,101],{"class":83},[47,158063,15157],{"class":586},[47,158065,148585],{"class":83},[47,158067,158068,158070,158072,158074,158076,158078],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158069,2682],{"class":57},[47,158071,2685],{"class":1458},[47,158073,2688],{"class":61},[47,158075,48357],{"class":65},[47,158077,2693],{"class":61},[47,158079,2696],{"class":57},[724,158081,158083],{"id":158082},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[38,158085,158087],{"className":40,"code":158086,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158088,158089,158109,158113],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158090,158091,158093,158095,158097,158099,158101,158103,158105,158107],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158092,3012],{"class":53},[47,158094,58],{"class":57},[47,158096,8634],{"class":83},[47,158098,1719],{"class":586},[47,158100,590],{"class":83},[47,158102,7189],{"class":586},[47,158104,590],{"class":83},[47,158106,7194],{"class":586},[47,158108,107],{"class":83},[47,158110,158111],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158112,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,158114,158115,158117,158119,158121,158123,158125,158127,158129],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,158116,98],{"class":97},[47,158118,101],{"class":83},[47,158120,3044],{"class":87},[47,158122,3296],{"class":83},[47,158124,1531],{"class":586},[47,158126,1032],{"class":83},[47,158128,1734],{"class":586},[47,158130,3284],{"class":83},[20,158132,338],{},[38,158134,158135],{"className":40,"code":91,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,158136,158137],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158138,158139],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158140,91],{"class":83},[20,158142,158143,158144,84],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[154,158145,155321],{"href":150208},[33,158147,158149],{"id":158148},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158151,158152],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[133,158154,158155,158157,158160,158165],{},[136,158156,76280],{},[136,158158,158159],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[136,158161,158162,158163],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158164,70136],{},[136,158166,158167],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158169,538],{},[38,158171,158173],{"className":40,"code":158172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158174,158175,158195,158199,158216,158237],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158176,158177,158179,158181,158183,158185,158187,158189,158191,158193],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158178,3012],{"class":53},[47,158180,58],{"class":57},[47,158182,8634],{"class":83},[47,158184,1719],{"class":586},[47,158186,590],{"class":83},[47,158188,7189],{"class":586},[47,158190,590],{"class":83},[47,158192,7194],{"class":586},[47,158194,107],{"class":83},[47,158196,158197],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158198,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,158200,158201,158203,158205,158207,158209,158211,158213],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,158202,98],{"class":97},[47,158204,101],{"class":83},[47,158206,3044],{"class":87},[47,158208,3296],{"class":83},[47,158210,2377],{"class":586},[47,158212,19848],{"class":83},[47,158214,158215],{"class":113},"    # one item\n",[47,158217,158218,158220,158222,158224,158226,158228,158230,158232,158234],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,158219,98],{"class":97},[47,158221,101],{"class":83},[47,158223,3044],{"class":87},[47,158225,3296],{"class":83},[47,158227,2377],{"class":586},[47,158229,1032],{"class":83},[47,158231,1531],{"class":586},[47,158233,19848],{"class":83},[47,158235,158236],{"class":113},"  # slice\n",[47,158238,158239,158241,158243,158245,158247,158249,158251,158253,158255],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,158240,98],{"class":97},[47,158242,101],{"class":83},[47,158244,3044],{"class":87},[47,158246,3296],{"class":83},[47,158248,1531],{"class":586},[47,158250,1032],{"class":83},[47,158252,1734],{"class":586},[47,158254,19848],{"class":83},[47,158256,158257],{"class":113},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158259,338],{},[38,158261,158263],{"className":40,"code":158262,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158264,158265,158269,158281],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158266,158267],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158268,70629],{"class":586},[47,158270,158271,158273,158275,158277,158279],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158272,101],{"class":83},[47,158274,15157],{"class":586},[47,158276,590],{"class":83},[47,158278,7194],{"class":586},[47,158280,107],{"class":83},[47,158282,158283],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,158284,91],{"class":83},[20,158286,158287],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[38,158289,158291],{"className":40,"code":158290,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158292,158293,158313,158317],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158294,158295,158297,158299,158301,158303,158305,158307,158309,158311],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158296,3012],{"class":53},[47,158298,58],{"class":57},[47,158300,8634],{"class":83},[47,158302,1719],{"class":586},[47,158304,590],{"class":83},[47,158306,7189],{"class":586},[47,158308,590],{"class":83},[47,158310,7194],{"class":586},[47,158312,107],{"class":83},[47,158314,158315],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158316,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,158318,158319,158321,158323,158325,158327,158329],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,158320,98],{"class":97},[47,158322,101],{"class":83},[47,158324,3044],{"class":87},[47,158326,3296],{"class":83},[47,158328,1531],{"class":586},[47,158330,3284],{"class":83},[20,158332,158333,158334,158336,158337,84],{},"This raises an ",[15,158335,70136],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[154,158338,154074],{"href":158339},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[33,158341,14579],{"id":76547},[20,158343,158344],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[133,158346,158347,158350,158352,158355],{},[136,158348,158349],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[136,158351,60098],{},[136,158353,158354],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[136,158356,158357,158358],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,158359,1514],{},[20,158361,158362],{},"Here are a few examples.",[724,158364,158366],{"id":158365},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[38,158368,158369],{"className":40,"code":157169,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,158370,158371,158399,158403],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158372,158373,158375,158377,158379,158381,158383,158385,158387,158389,158391,158393,158395,158397],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158374,3012],{"class":53},[47,158376,58],{"class":57},[47,158378,8634],{"class":83},[47,158380,1719],{"class":586},[47,158382,590],{"class":83},[47,158384,7189],{"class":586},[47,158386,590],{"class":83},[47,158388,7194],{"class":586},[47,158390,590],{"class":83},[47,158392,50248],{"class":586},[47,158394,590],{"class":83},[47,158396,4478],{"class":586},[47,158398,107],{"class":83},[47,158400,158401],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158402,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,158404,158405,158407,158409,158411,158413,158415,158417,158419],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,158406,98],{"class":97},[47,158408,101],{"class":83},[47,158410,3044],{"class":87},[47,158412,3296],{"class":83},[47,158414,2377],{"class":586},[47,158416,1032],{"class":83},[47,158418,1896],{"class":586},[47,158420,3284],{"class":83},[20,158422,338],{},[38,158424,158425],{"className":40,"code":157226,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,158426,158427],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158428,158429,158431,158433,158435,158437,158439,158441],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158430,101],{"class":83},[47,158432,15157],{"class":586},[47,158434,590],{"class":83},[47,158436,7194],{"class":586},[47,158438,590],{"class":83},[47,158440,50248],{"class":586},[47,158442,107],{"class":83},[20,158444,131794,158445,158447],{},[15,158446,1896],{}," is not included.",[724,158449,158451],{"id":158450},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,158453,3922],{},[38,158455,158457],{"className":40,"code":158456,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,158458,158459,158483,158487],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158460,158461,158463,158465,158467,158469,158471,158473,158475,158477,158479,158481],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158462,3012],{"class":53},[47,158464,58],{"class":57},[47,158466,8634],{"class":83},[47,158468,1719],{"class":586},[47,158470,590],{"class":83},[47,158472,7189],{"class":586},[47,158474,590],{"class":83},[47,158476,7194],{"class":586},[47,158478,590],{"class":83},[47,158480,50248],{"class":586},[47,158482,107],{"class":83},[47,158484,158485],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158486,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,158488,158489],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,158490,158491],{"class":113},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,158493,158494],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[38,158496,158497],{"className":40,"code":154154,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,158498,158499,158523,158527],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158500,158501,158503,158505,158507,158509,158511,158513,158515,158517,158519,158521],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158502,3012],{"class":53},[47,158504,58],{"class":57},[47,158506,8634],{"class":83},[47,158508,1719],{"class":586},[47,158510,590],{"class":83},[47,158512,7189],{"class":586},[47,158514,590],{"class":83},[47,158516,7194],{"class":586},[47,158518,590],{"class":83},[47,158520,50248],{"class":586},[47,158522,107],{"class":83},[47,158524,158525],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158526,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,158528,158529,158531,158533,158535,158537,158539,158541,158543],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,158530,98],{"class":97},[47,158532,101],{"class":83},[47,158534,3044],{"class":87},[47,158536,3296],{"class":83},[47,158538,2377],{"class":586},[47,158540,1032],{"class":83},[47,158542,1455],{"class":586},[47,158544,3284],{"class":83},[724,158546,158548],{"id":158547},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[38,158550,158552],{"className":40,"code":158551,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,158553,158554,158578,158582,158597,158601,158612],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158555,158556,158558,158560,158562,158564,158566,158568,158570,158572,158574,158576],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158557,3012],{"class":53},[47,158559,58],{"class":57},[47,158561,8634],{"class":83},[47,158563,1719],{"class":586},[47,158565,590],{"class":83},[47,158567,7189],{"class":586},[47,158569,590],{"class":83},[47,158571,7194],{"class":586},[47,158573,590],{"class":83},[47,158575,50248],{"class":586},[47,158577,107],{"class":83},[47,158579,158580],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158581,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,158583,158584,158587,158589,158591,158593,158595],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,158585,158586],{"class":53},"slice_result ",[47,158588,58],{"class":57},[47,158590,3659],{"class":53},[47,158592,74940],{"class":83},[47,158594,1449],{"class":586},[47,158596,3030],{"class":83},[47,158598,158599],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,158600,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,158602,158603,158605,158607,158610],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,158604,98],{"class":97},[47,158606,101],{"class":83},[47,158608,158609],{"class":87},"slice_result",[47,158611,107],{"class":83},[47,158613,158614,158616,158618,158620],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,158615,98],{"class":97},[47,158617,101],{"class":83},[47,158619,3044],{"class":87},[47,158621,107],{"class":83},[20,158623,338],{},[38,158625,158627],{"className":40,"code":158626,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158628,158629,158641],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158630,158631,158633,158635,158637,158639],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158632,101],{"class":83},[47,158634,1719],{"class":586},[47,158636,590],{"class":83},[47,158638,7189],{"class":586},[47,158640,107],{"class":83},[47,158642,158643,158645,158647,158649,158651,158653,158655,158657,158659],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158644,101],{"class":83},[47,158646,1719],{"class":586},[47,158648,590],{"class":83},[47,158650,7189],{"class":586},[47,158652,590],{"class":83},[47,158654,7194],{"class":586},[47,158656,590],{"class":83},[47,158658,50248],{"class":586},[47,158660,107],{"class":83},[20,158662,158663],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[33,158665,113125],{"id":113124},[20,158667,158668],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[133,158670,158671,158674,158677,158683,158686],{},[136,158672,158673],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[136,158675,158676],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[136,158678,158679,158680],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,158681,158682],{},"tuple[::0]",[136,158684,158685],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[136,158687,158688],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,158690,158691],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[38,158693,158695],{"className":40,"code":158694,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,158696,158697,158707,158725,158747],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158698,158699,158701,158703,158705],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158700,98],{"class":97},[47,158702,101],{"class":83},[47,158704,147247],{"class":87},[47,158706,107],{"class":83},[47,158708,158709,158711,158713,158715,158717,158719,158721,158723],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158710,98],{"class":97},[47,158712,101],{"class":83},[47,158714,147247],{"class":87},[47,158716,3296],{"class":83},[47,158718,2377],{"class":586},[47,158720,1032],{"class":83},[47,158722,1896],{"class":586},[47,158724,3284],{"class":83},[47,158726,158727,158729,158731,158733,158735,158737,158739,158741,158743,158745],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,158728,98],{"class":97},[47,158730,101],{"class":83},[47,158732,2613],{"class":919},[47,158734,101],{"class":83},[47,158736,147247],{"class":87},[47,158738,3296],{"class":83},[47,158740,2377],{"class":586},[47,158742,1032],{"class":83},[47,158744,1896],{"class":586},[47,158746,2389],{"class":83},[47,158748,158749,158751,158753,158755,158757,158759],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,158750,98],{"class":97},[47,158752,101],{"class":83},[47,158754,10562],{"class":97},[47,158756,101],{"class":83},[47,158758,147247],{"class":87},[47,158760,1419],{"class":83},[20,158762,10571],{},[133,158764,158765,158767,158770,158773],{},[136,158766,154461],{},[136,158768,158769],{},"what the slice actually returns",[136,158771,158772],{},"that the result is a tuple",[136,158774,158775],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[33,158777,1155],{"id":1154},[724,158779,158781],{"id":158780},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,158783,158784],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[724,158786,158788],{"id":158787},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,158790,158791],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[724,158793,4540,158795,39363],{"id":158794},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,158796,157614],{},[20,158798,158799],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[724,158801,158803,158804,1883],{"id":158802},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,158805,70136],{},[20,158807,158808,158809,84],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,158810,70136],{},[33,158812,1275],{"id":1274},[133,158814,158815,158819,158823,158827,158831],{},[136,158816,158817],{},[154,158818,155321],{"href":150208},[136,158820,158821],{},[154,158822,148902],{"href":152328},[136,158824,158825],{},[154,158826,150151],{"href":156485},[136,158828,158829],{},[154,158830,147229],{"href":156847},[136,158832,158833],{},[154,158834,154074],{"href":158339},[1320,158836,158837],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":158839},[158840,158841,158842,158843,158851,158855,158856,158861,158862,158867,158868,158876],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":156647,"depth":72,"text":156648},{"id":156850,"depth":72,"text":156851},{"id":75420,"depth":72,"text":75421,"children":158844},[158845,158847,158848,158849,158850],{"id":157008,"depth":94,"text":158846},"Get the first n items",{"id":157087,"depth":94,"text":157088},{"id":157165,"depth":94,"text":157166},{"id":157247,"depth":94,"text":157248},{"id":157329,"depth":94,"text":157330},{"id":75714,"depth":72,"text":75715,"children":158852},[158853,158854],{"id":157424,"depth":94,"text":157425},{"id":157508,"depth":94,"text":157509},{"id":157597,"depth":72,"text":157598},{"id":157849,"depth":72,"text":157850,"children":158857},[158858,158859,158860],{"id":157858,"depth":94,"text":157859},{"id":157974,"depth":94,"text":157975},{"id":158082,"depth":94,"text":158083},{"id":158148,"depth":72,"text":158149},{"id":76547,"depth":72,"text":14579,"children":158863},[158864,158865,158866],{"id":158365,"depth":94,"text":158366},{"id":158450,"depth":94,"text":158451},{"id":158547,"depth":94,"text":158548},{"id":113124,"depth":72,"text":113125},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":158869},[158870,158871,158872,158874],{"id":158780,"depth":94,"text":158781},{"id":158787,"depth":94,"text":158788},{"id":158794,"depth":94,"text":158873},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":158802,"depth":94,"text":158875},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":156491,"description":158877},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":158884,"title":158885,"body":158886,"description":160709,"extension":1354,"meta":160710,"navigation":311,"path":34211,"seo":160711,"stem":160712,"__hash__":160713},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":158887,"toc":160675},[158888,158893,158898,158902,158920,158923,158938,158944,158946,159003,159005,159037,159049,159055,159060,159063,159098,159104,159106,159109,159123,159126,159128,159151,159153,159171,159174,159190,159192,159195,159308,159310,159399,159402,159407,159413,159416,159419,159518,159520,159579,159584,159587,159656,159660,159692,159708,159713,159720,159727,159739,159741,159790,159792,159815,159821,159869,159874,159881,159889,159895,159898,159922,159925,159927,160003,160005,160030,160036,160039,160044,160048,160062,160064,160127,160129,160161,160164,160180,160182,160188,160195,160197,160216,160218,160236,160243,160248,160255,160257,160294,160297,160304,160308,160311,160369,160372,160375,160430,160432,160444,160450,160452,160456,160489,160496,160498,160561,160564,160566,160571,160585,160592,160600,160609,160618,160624,160630,160632,160672],[10,158889,2968,158891,2972],{"id":158890},"python-type-function-explained",[15,158892,1690],{},[20,158894,31723,158895,158897],{},[15,158896,1690],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,158899,62172,158900,103970],{},[15,158901,1690],{},[133,158903,158904,158907,158910,158913],{},[136,158905,158906],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[136,158908,158909],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[136,158911,158912],{},"debug confusing code",[136,158914,158915,158916],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[154,158917,158918],{"href":7617},[15,158919,2346],{},[20,158921,158922],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[38,158924,158926],{"className":40,"code":158925,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"type(object)\n",[15,158927,158928],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158929,158930,158932,158934,158936],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158931,2613],{"class":919},[47,158933,101],{"class":83},[47,158935,41802],{"class":919},[47,158937,107],{"class":83},[20,158939,158940,158941,158943],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,158942,1690],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[33,158945,3002],{"id":3001},[38,158947,158949],{"className":40,"code":158948,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,158950,158951,158963,158977,158981,158989],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158952,158953,158955,158957,158959,158961],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158954,212],{"class":53},[47,158956,58],{"class":57},[47,158958,62],{"class":61},[47,158960,4401],{"class":65},[47,158962,69],{"class":61},[47,158964,158965,158967,158969,158971,158973,158975],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158966,98],{"class":97},[47,158968,101],{"class":83},[47,158970,2613],{"class":919},[47,158972,101],{"class":83},[47,158974,229],{"class":87},[47,158976,1419],{"class":83},[47,158978,158979],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,158980,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,158982,158983,158985,158987],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,158984,864],{"class":53},[47,158986,58],{"class":57},[47,158988,1976],{"class":586},[47,158990,158991,158993,158995,158997,158999,159001],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,158992,98],{"class":97},[47,158994,101],{"class":83},[47,158996,2613],{"class":919},[47,158998,101],{"class":83},[47,159000,878],{"class":87},[47,159002,1419],{"class":83},[20,159004,338],{},[38,159006,159007],{"className":40,"code":124463,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,159008,159009,159023],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159010,159011,159013,159015,159017,159019,159021],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159012,2682],{"class":57},[47,159014,2685],{"class":1458},[47,159016,2688],{"class":61},[47,159018,920],{"class":65},[47,159020,2693],{"class":61},[47,159022,2696],{"class":57},[47,159024,159025,159027,159029,159031,159033,159035],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,159026,2682],{"class":57},[47,159028,2685],{"class":1458},[47,159030,2688],{"class":61},[47,159032,890],{"class":65},[47,159034,2693],{"class":61},[47,159036,2696],{"class":57},[20,159038,1486,159039,159042,159043,1063,159046,84],{},[15,159040,159041],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159044,159045],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159047,159048],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[33,159050,12396,159052,159054],{"id":159051},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159053,1690],{}," function does",[20,159056,159057,159059],{},[15,159058,1690],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159061,159062],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[133,159064,159065,159070,159075,159080,159085,159090],{},[136,159066,159067,159069],{},[15,159068,920],{}," for text",[136,159071,159072,159074],{},[15,159073,890],{}," for whole numbers",[136,159076,159077,159079],{},[15,159078,1584],{}," for decimal numbers",[136,159081,159082,159084],{},[15,159083,7492],{}," for lists",[136,159086,159087,159089],{},[15,159088,8218],{}," for dictionaries",[136,159091,159092,68501,159094,1063,159096],{},[15,159093,3263],{},[15,159095,2997],{},[15,159097,3070],{},[20,159099,159100,159101,159103],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159102,1690],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[33,159105,166],{"id":165},[20,159107,159108],{},"The main beginner form is:",[38,159110,159111],{"className":40,"code":158925,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,159112,159113],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159114,159115,159117,159119,159121],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159116,2613],{"class":919},[47,159118,101],{"class":83},[47,159120,41802],{"class":919},[47,159122,107],{"class":83},[20,159124,159125],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159127,538],{},[38,159129,159131],{"className":40,"code":159130,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159132,159133],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159134,159135,159137,159139,159141,159143,159145,159147,159149],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159136,98],{"class":97},[47,159138,101],{"class":83},[47,159140,2613],{"class":919},[47,159142,101],{"class":83},[47,159144,253],{"class":61},[47,159146,256],{"class":65},[47,159148,253],{"class":61},[47,159150,1419],{"class":83},[20,159152,338],{},[38,159154,159155],{"className":40,"code":45174,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,159156,159157],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159158,159159,159161,159163,159165,159167,159169],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159160,2682],{"class":57},[47,159162,2685],{"class":1458},[47,159164,2688],{"class":61},[47,159166,920],{"class":65},[47,159168,2693],{"class":61},[47,159170,2696],{"class":57},[20,159172,159173],{},"You can pass either:",[133,159175,159176,159183],{},[136,159177,159178,159179,158,159181],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159180,63940],{},[15,159182,45930],{},[136,159184,159185,159186,158,159188],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159187,229],{},[15,159189,8697],{},[33,159191,121284],{"id":121283},[20,159193,159194],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[38,159196,159198],{"className":40,"code":159197,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159199,159200,159218,159232,159246,159268,159294],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159201,159202,159204,159206,159208,159210,159212,159214,159216],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159203,98],{"class":97},[47,159205,101],{"class":83},[47,159207,2613],{"class":919},[47,159209,101],{"class":83},[47,159211,253],{"class":61},[47,159213,256],{"class":65},[47,159215,253],{"class":61},[47,159217,1419],{"class":83},[47,159219,159220,159222,159224,159226,159228,159230],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,159221,98],{"class":97},[47,159223,101],{"class":83},[47,159225,2613],{"class":919},[47,159227,101],{"class":83},[47,159229,1719],{"class":586},[47,159231,1419],{"class":83},[47,159233,159234,159236,159238,159240,159242,159244],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,159235,98],{"class":97},[47,159237,101],{"class":83},[47,159239,2613],{"class":919},[47,159241,101],{"class":83},[47,159243,39546],{"class":586},[47,159245,1419],{"class":83},[47,159247,159248,159250,159252,159254,159256,159258,159260,159262,159264,159266],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,159249,98],{"class":97},[47,159251,101],{"class":83},[47,159253,2613],{"class":919},[47,159255,2374],{"class":83},[47,159257,2377],{"class":586},[47,159259,590],{"class":83},[47,159261,2382],{"class":586},[47,159263,590],{"class":83},[47,159265,1841],{"class":586},[47,159267,2389],{"class":83},[47,159269,159270,159272,159274,159276,159278,159280,159282,159284,159286,159288,159290,159292],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,159271,98],{"class":97},[47,159273,101],{"class":83},[47,159275,2613],{"class":919},[47,159277,4930],{"class":83},[47,159279,253],{"class":61},[47,159281,229],{"class":65},[47,159283,253],{"class":61},[47,159285,1032],{"class":83},[47,159287,62],{"class":61},[47,159289,4401],{"class":65},[47,159291,253],{"class":61},[47,159293,4939],{"class":83},[47,159295,159296,159298,159300,159302,159304,159306],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,159297,98],{"class":97},[47,159299,101],{"class":83},[47,159301,2613],{"class":919},[47,159303,101],{"class":83},[47,159305,2997],{"class":1271},[47,159307,1419],{"class":83},[20,159309,338],{},[38,159311,159313],{"className":40,"code":159312,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,159314,159315,159329,159343,159357,159371,159385],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159316,159317,159319,159321,159323,159325,159327],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159318,2682],{"class":57},[47,159320,2685],{"class":1458},[47,159322,2688],{"class":61},[47,159324,920],{"class":65},[47,159326,2693],{"class":61},[47,159328,2696],{"class":57},[47,159330,159331,159333,159335,159337,159339,159341],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,159332,2682],{"class":57},[47,159334,2685],{"class":1458},[47,159336,2688],{"class":61},[47,159338,890],{"class":65},[47,159340,2693],{"class":61},[47,159342,2696],{"class":57},[47,159344,159345,159347,159349,159351,159353,159355],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,159346,2682],{"class":57},[47,159348,2685],{"class":1458},[47,159350,2688],{"class":61},[47,159352,1584],{"class":65},[47,159354,2693],{"class":61},[47,159356,2696],{"class":57},[47,159358,159359,159361,159363,159365,159367,159369],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,159360,2682],{"class":57},[47,159362,2685],{"class":1458},[47,159364,2688],{"class":61},[47,159366,7492],{"class":65},[47,159368,2693],{"class":61},[47,159370,2696],{"class":57},[47,159372,159373,159375,159377,159379,159381,159383],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,159374,2682],{"class":57},[47,159376,2685],{"class":1458},[47,159378,2688],{"class":61},[47,159380,8218],{"class":65},[47,159382,2693],{"class":61},[47,159384,2696],{"class":57},[47,159386,159387,159389,159391,159393,159395,159397],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,159388,2682],{"class":57},[47,159390,2685],{"class":1458},[47,159392,2688],{"class":61},[47,159394,3263],{"class":65},[47,159396,2693],{"class":61},[47,159398,2696],{"class":57},[20,159400,159401],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,159403,159404,159405,84],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[154,159406,44201],{"href":48382},[33,159408,7816,159410,159412],{"id":159409},"using-type-with-variables",[15,159411,1690],{}," with variables",[20,159414,159415],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,159417,159418],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[38,159420,159422],{"className":40,"code":159421,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,159423,159424,159432,159450,159454,159466,159484,159488,159500],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159425,159426,159428,159430],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159427,1836],{"class":53},[47,159429,58],{"class":57},[47,159431,1976],{"class":586},[47,159433,159434,159436,159438,159440,159442,159444,159446,159448],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,159435,98],{"class":97},[47,159437,101],{"class":83},[47,159439,1863],{"class":87},[47,159441,590],{"class":83},[47,159443,48794],{"class":919},[47,159445,101],{"class":83},[47,159447,1863],{"class":87},[47,159449,1419],{"class":83},[47,159451,159452],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,159453,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,159455,159456,159458,159460,159462,159464],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,159457,1836],{"class":53},[47,159459,58],{"class":57},[47,159461,62],{"class":61},[47,159463,45311],{"class":65},[47,159465,69],{"class":61},[47,159467,159468,159470,159472,159474,159476,159478,159480,159482],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,159469,98],{"class":97},[47,159471,101],{"class":83},[47,159473,1863],{"class":87},[47,159475,590],{"class":83},[47,159477,48794],{"class":919},[47,159479,101],{"class":83},[47,159481,1863],{"class":87},[47,159483,1419],{"class":83},[47,159485,159486],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,159487,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,159489,159490,159492,159494,159496,159498],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,159491,1836],{"class":53},[47,159493,58],{"class":57},[47,159495,3017],{"class":83},[47,159497,1719],{"class":586},[47,159499,3030],{"class":83},[47,159501,159502,159504,159506,159508,159510,159512,159514,159516],{"class":49,"line":5825},[47,159503,98],{"class":97},[47,159505,101],{"class":83},[47,159507,1863],{"class":87},[47,159509,590],{"class":83},[47,159511,48794],{"class":919},[47,159513,101],{"class":83},[47,159515,1863],{"class":87},[47,159517,1419],{"class":83},[20,159519,338],{},[38,159521,159523],{"className":40,"code":159522,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,159524,159525,159542,159559],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159526,159527,159529,159532,159534,159536,159538,159540],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159528,1719],{"class":586},[47,159530,159531],{"class":57}," \u003C",[47,159533,2685],{"class":1458},[47,159535,2688],{"class":61},[47,159537,890],{"class":65},[47,159539,2693],{"class":61},[47,159541,2696],{"class":57},[47,159543,159544,159547,159549,159551,159553,159555,159557],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,159545,159546],{"class":53},"ten ",[47,159548,2682],{"class":57},[47,159550,2685],{"class":1458},[47,159552,2688],{"class":61},[47,159554,920],{"class":65},[47,159556,2693],{"class":61},[47,159558,2696],{"class":57},[47,159560,159561,159563,159565,159567,159569,159571,159573,159575,159577],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,159562,3296],{"class":83},[47,159564,1719],{"class":586},[47,159566,12674],{"class":83},[47,159568,159531],{"class":57},[47,159570,2685],{"class":1458},[47,159572,2688],{"class":61},[47,159574,7492],{"class":65},[47,159576,2693],{"class":61},[47,159578,2696],{"class":57},[20,159580,159581,159583],{},[15,159582,1690],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,159585,159586],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[38,159588,159590],{"className":40,"code":159589,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,159591,159592,159610,159624,159628,159642],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159593,159594,159596,159598,159600,159602,159604,159606,159608],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159595,2784],{"class":53},[47,159597,58],{"class":57},[47,159599,7640],{"class":97},[47,159601,101],{"class":83},[47,159603,253],{"class":61},[47,159605,41274],{"class":65},[47,159607,253],{"class":61},[47,159609,107],{"class":83},[47,159611,159612,159614,159616,159618,159620,159622],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,159613,98],{"class":97},[47,159615,101],{"class":83},[47,159617,2613],{"class":919},[47,159619,101],{"class":83},[47,159621,2810],{"class":87},[47,159623,1419],{"class":83},[47,159625,159626],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,159627,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,159629,159630,159632,159634,159636,159638,159640],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,159631,122396],{"class":53},[47,159633,58],{"class":57},[47,159635,44680],{"class":919},[47,159637,101],{"class":83},[47,159639,2810],{"class":87},[47,159641,107],{"class":83},[47,159643,159644,159646,159648,159650,159652,159654],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,159645,98],{"class":97},[47,159647,101],{"class":83},[47,159649,2613],{"class":919},[47,159651,101],{"class":83},[47,159653,122419],{"class":87},[47,159655,1419],{"class":83},[20,159657,40524,159658,40528],{},[15,159659,8591],{},[38,159661,159662],{"className":40,"code":124463,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,159663,159664,159678],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159665,159666,159668,159670,159672,159674,159676],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159667,2682],{"class":57},[47,159669,2685],{"class":1458},[47,159671,2688],{"class":61},[47,159673,920],{"class":65},[47,159675,2693],{"class":61},[47,159677,2696],{"class":57},[47,159679,159680,159682,159684,159686,159688,159690],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,159681,2682],{"class":57},[47,159683,2685],{"class":1458},[47,159685,2688],{"class":61},[47,159687,890],{"class":65},[47,159689,2693],{"class":61},[47,159691,2696],{"class":57},[20,159693,45107,159694,159698,159699,158,159703,159707],{},[154,159695,159696],{"href":7617},[15,159697,2346],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[154,159700,159701],{"href":2263},[15,159702,2266],{},[154,159704,159705],{"href":2269},[15,159706,2272],{}," if you need a number.",[20,159709,159710,159711,84],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[154,159712,8378],{"href":8377},[33,159714,159716,9985,159718],{"id":159715},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,159717,1690],{},[15,159719,44209],{},[20,159721,159722,1063,159724,159726],{},[15,159723,1690],{},[15,159725,44209],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[133,159728,159729,159734],{},[136,159730,159731,159733],{},[15,159732,1690],{}," tells you the exact type",[136,159735,159736,159738],{},[15,159737,44209],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,159740,538],{},[38,159742,159744],{"className":40,"code":159743,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,159745,159746,159754,159758,159772],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159747,159748,159750,159752],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159749,1836],{"class":53},[47,159751,58],{"class":57},[47,159753,34245],{"class":586},[47,159755,159756],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,159757,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,159759,159760,159762,159764,159766,159768,159770],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,159761,98],{"class":97},[47,159763,101],{"class":83},[47,159765,2613],{"class":919},[47,159767,101],{"class":83},[47,159769,1863],{"class":87},[47,159771,1419],{"class":83},[47,159773,159774,159776,159778,159780,159782,159784,159786,159788],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,159775,98],{"class":97},[47,159777,101],{"class":83},[47,159779,48279],{"class":97},[47,159781,101],{"class":83},[47,159783,1863],{"class":87},[47,159785,590],{"class":83},[47,159787,44680],{"class":919},[47,159789,1419],{"class":83},[20,159791,338],{},[38,159793,159795],{"className":40,"code":159794,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,159796,159797,159811],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159798,159799,159801,159803,159805,159807,159809],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159800,2682],{"class":57},[47,159802,2685],{"class":1458},[47,159804,2688],{"class":61},[47,159806,890],{"class":65},[47,159808,2693],{"class":61},[47,159810,2696],{"class":57},[47,159812,159813],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,159814,1264],{"class":1271},[20,159816,159817,159818,159820],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,159819,44209],{}," is more practical.",[38,159822,159824],{"className":40,"code":159823,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,159825,159826,159834,159838,159854],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159827,159828,159830,159832],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159829,1836],{"class":53},[47,159831,58],{"class":57},[47,159833,34245],{"class":586},[47,159835,159836],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,159837,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,159839,159840,159842,159844,159846,159848,159850,159852],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,159841,656],{"class":655},[47,159843,49017],{"class":97},[47,159845,101],{"class":83},[47,159847,1863],{"class":87},[47,159849,590],{"class":83},[47,159851,44680],{"class":919},[47,159853,7740],{"class":83},[47,159855,159856,159858,159860,159862,159865,159867],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,159857,684],{"class":97},[47,159859,101],{"class":83},[47,159861,253],{"class":61},[47,159863,159864],{"class":65},"This is an integer",[47,159866,253],{"class":61},[47,159868,107],{"class":83},[20,159870,1486,159871,159873],{},[15,159872,1690],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,159875,1486,159876,159878,159879,6572],{},[15,159877,44209],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,159880,656],{},[20,159882,159883,159884,84],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[154,159885,2968,159887,2901],{"href":159886},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,159888,44209],{},[33,159890,159892,159893],{"id":159891},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,159894,1690],{},[20,159896,159897],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[38,159899,159901],{"className":40,"code":159900,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,159902,159903],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159904,159905,159907,159909,159911,159913,159916,159918,159920],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159906,2613],{"class":919},[47,159908,101],{"class":83},[47,159910,229],{"class":87},[47,159912,590],{"class":83},[47,159914,159915],{"class":87}," bases",[47,159917,590],{"class":83},[47,159919,8568],{"class":919},[47,159921,107],{"class":83},[20,159923,159924],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,159926,538],{},[38,159928,159930],{"className":40,"code":159929,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,159931,159932,159975,159979,159989],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159933,159934,159937,159939,159941,159943,159945,159948,159950,159952,159955,159957,159959,159962,159964,159966,159968,159971,159973],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159935,159936],{"class":53},"Person ",[47,159938,58],{"class":57},[47,159940,48794],{"class":919},[47,159942,101],{"class":83},[47,159944,253],{"class":61},[47,159946,159947],{"class":65},"Person",[47,159949,253],{"class":61},[47,159951,590],{"class":83},[47,159953,159954],{"class":83}," (),",[47,159956,9890],{"class":83},[47,159958,253],{"class":61},[47,159960,159961],{"class":65},"species",[47,159963,253],{"class":61},[47,159965,1032],{"class":83},[47,159967,62],{"class":61},[47,159969,159970],{"class":65},"human",[47,159972,253],{"class":61},[47,159974,29901],{"class":83},[47,159976,159977],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,159978,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,159980,159981,159983,159985,159987],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,159982,98],{"class":97},[47,159984,101],{"class":83},[47,159986,159947],{"class":87},[47,159988,107],{"class":83},[47,159990,159991,159993,159995,159997,159999,160001],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,159992,98],{"class":97},[47,159994,101],{"class":83},[47,159996,159947],{"class":87},[47,159998,84],{"class":83},[47,160000,159961],{"class":24153},[47,160002,107],{"class":83},[20,160004,338],{},[38,160006,160008],{"className":40,"code":160007,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160009,160010,160025],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160011,160012,160014,160016,160018,160021,160023],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160013,2682],{"class":57},[47,160015,2685],{"class":1458},[47,160017,2688],{"class":61},[47,160019,160020],{"class":65},"__main__.Person",[47,160022,2693],{"class":61},[47,160024,2696],{"class":57},[47,160026,160027],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,160028,160029],{"class":53},"human\n",[20,160031,160032,160033,160035],{},"Most beginners do ",[121,160034,123],{}," need this form.",[20,160037,160038],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[33,160040,603,160042],{"id":160041},"when-to-use-type",[15,160043,1690],{},[20,160045,160046,11844],{},[15,160047,1690],{},[133,160049,160050,160053,160056,160059],{},[136,160051,160052],{},"debug unexpected values",[136,160054,160055],{},"check what a conversion produced",[136,160057,160058],{},"learn Python data types",[136,160060,160061],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160063,4872],{},[38,160065,160067],{"className":40,"code":160066,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160068,160069,160081,160095,160099,160113],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160070,160071,160073,160075,160077,160079],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160072,54],{"class":53},[47,160074,58],{"class":57},[47,160076,62],{"class":61},[47,160078,49650],{"class":65},[47,160080,69],{"class":61},[47,160082,160083,160085,160087,160089,160091,160093],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,160084,864],{"class":53},[47,160086,58],{"class":57},[47,160088,44680],{"class":919},[47,160090,101],{"class":83},[47,160092,565],{"class":87},[47,160094,107],{"class":83},[47,160096,160097],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,160098,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,160100,160101,160103,160105,160107,160109,160111],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,160102,98],{"class":97},[47,160104,101],{"class":83},[47,160106,2613],{"class":919},[47,160108,101],{"class":83},[47,160110,565],{"class":87},[47,160112,1419],{"class":83},[47,160114,160115,160117,160119,160121,160123,160125],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,160116,98],{"class":97},[47,160118,101],{"class":83},[47,160120,2613],{"class":919},[47,160122,101],{"class":83},[47,160124,878],{"class":87},[47,160126,1419],{"class":83},[20,160128,338],{},[38,160130,160131],{"className":40,"code":124463,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,160132,160133,160147],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160134,160135,160137,160139,160141,160143,160145],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160136,2682],{"class":57},[47,160138,2685],{"class":1458},[47,160140,2688],{"class":61},[47,160142,920],{"class":65},[47,160144,2693],{"class":61},[47,160146,2696],{"class":57},[47,160148,160149,160151,160153,160155,160157,160159],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,160150,2682],{"class":57},[47,160152,2685],{"class":1458},[47,160154,2688],{"class":61},[47,160156,890],{"class":65},[47,160158,2693],{"class":61},[47,160160,2696],{"class":57},[20,160162,160163],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160165,160166,160167,712,160171,16474,160175,160179],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[154,160168,160169],{"href":41578},[15,160170,47088],{},[154,160172,160173],{"href":2263},[15,160174,2266],{},[154,160176,160177],{"href":2269},[15,160178,2272],{}," are often the next step.",[33,160181,24761],{"id":24760},[20,160183,160184,160185,160187],{},"A few things about ",[15,160186,1690],{}," often confuse beginners.",[724,160189,160191,160194],{"id":160190},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160192,160193],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160196,64049],{},[38,160198,160200],{"className":40,"code":160199,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160201,160202],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160203,160204,160206,160208,160210,160212,160214],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160205,98],{"class":97},[47,160207,101],{"class":83},[47,160209,2613],{"class":919},[47,160211,101],{"class":83},[47,160213,1531],{"class":586},[47,160215,1419],{"class":83},[20,160217,122315],{},[38,160219,160220],{"className":40,"code":155669,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,160221,160222],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160223,160224,160226,160228,160230,160232,160234],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160225,2682],{"class":57},[47,160227,2685],{"class":1458},[47,160229,2688],{"class":61},[47,160231,890],{"class":65},[47,160233,2693],{"class":61},[47,160235,2696],{"class":57},[20,160237,40309,160238,160240,160241,84],{},[121,160239,123],{}," print just ",[15,160242,890],{},[20,160244,6077,160245,160247],{},[15,160246,1690],{}," returns a class object.",[724,160249,160251,1786,160253],{"id":160250},"input-returns-str",[15,160252,2346],{},[15,160254,920],{},[20,160256,78947],{},[38,160258,160260],{"className":40,"code":160259,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160261,160262,160280],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160263,160264,160266,160268,160270,160272,160274,160276,160278],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160265,1836],{"class":53},[47,160267,58],{"class":57},[47,160269,7640],{"class":97},[47,160271,101],{"class":83},[47,160273,253],{"class":61},[47,160275,45714],{"class":65},[47,160277,253],{"class":61},[47,160279,107],{"class":83},[47,160281,160282,160284,160286,160288,160290,160292],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,160283,98],{"class":97},[47,160285,101],{"class":83},[47,160287,2613],{"class":919},[47,160289,101],{"class":83},[47,160291,1863],{"class":87},[47,160293,1419],{"class":83},[20,160295,160296],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160298,160299,160300,158,160302,84],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160301,2266],{},[15,160303,2272],{},[724,160305,160307],{"id":160306},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,160309,160310],{},"Avoid code like this:",[38,160312,160314],{"className":40,"code":160313,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,160315,160316,160324,160328,160354],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160317,160318,160320,160322],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160319,1836],{"class":53},[47,160321,58],{"class":57},[47,160323,34245],{"class":586},[47,160325,160326],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,160327,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,160329,160330,160332,160334,160336,160338,160340,160342,160344,160346,160348,160350,160352],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,160331,656],{"class":655},[47,160333,48308],{"class":919},[47,160335,101],{"class":83},[47,160337,2613],{"class":919},[47,160339,101],{"class":83},[47,160341,1863],{"class":87},[47,160343,4761],{"class":83},[47,160345,669],{"class":57},[47,160347,62],{"class":61},[47,160349,159048],{"class":65},[47,160351,253],{"class":61},[47,160353,679],{"class":83},[47,160355,160356,160358,160360,160362,160365,160367],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,160357,684],{"class":97},[47,160359,101],{"class":83},[47,160361,253],{"class":61},[47,160363,160364],{"class":65},"It is an int",[47,160366,253],{"class":61},[47,160368,107],{"class":83},[20,160370,160371],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,160373,160374],{},"Better options:",[38,160376,160378],{"className":40,"code":160377,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160379,160380,160388,160392,160412],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160381,160382,160384,160386],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160383,1836],{"class":53},[47,160385,58],{"class":57},[47,160387,34245],{"class":586},[47,160389,160390],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,160391,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,160393,160394,160396,160398,160400,160402,160404,160406,160408,160410],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,160395,98],{"class":97},[47,160397,101],{"class":83},[47,160399,2613],{"class":919},[47,160401,101],{"class":83},[47,160403,1863],{"class":87},[47,160405,3057],{"class":83},[47,160407,669],{"class":57},[47,160409,44680],{"class":919},[47,160411,107],{"class":83},[47,160413,160414,160416,160418,160420,160422,160424,160426,160428],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,160415,98],{"class":97},[47,160417,101],{"class":83},[47,160419,48279],{"class":97},[47,160421,101],{"class":83},[47,160423,1863],{"class":87},[47,160425,590],{"class":83},[47,160427,44680],{"class":919},[47,160429,1419],{"class":83},[20,160431,338],{},[38,160433,160434],{"className":40,"code":3901,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,160435,160436,160440],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160437,160438],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160439,1264],{"class":1271},[47,160441,160442],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,160443,1264],{"class":1271},[20,160445,160446,160447,160449],{},"In most real code, ",[15,160448,44209],{}," is the more useful check.",[33,160451,722],{"id":721},[20,160453,14135,160454,1032],{},[15,160455,1690],{},[133,160457,160458,160468,160477,160486],{},[136,160459,7816,160460,160462,160463,160467],{},[15,160461,1690],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[154,160464,160465],{"href":7617},[15,160466,2346],{}," always returns a string",[136,160469,7852,160470,160472,160473,10492,160475],{},[15,160471,1690],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,160474,890],{},[15,160476,159048],{},[136,160478,7816,160479,44033,160482,160485],{},[15,160480,160481],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,160483,160484],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[136,160487,160488],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,160490,160491,160492,84],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[154,160493,160495],{"href":160494},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,160497,143945],{},[38,160499,160501],{"className":40,"code":160500,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,160502,160503,160517,160527,160541,160551],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160504,160505,160507,160509,160511,160513,160515],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160506,98],{"class":97},[47,160508,101],{"class":83},[47,160510,2613],{"class":919},[47,160512,101],{"class":83},[47,160514,1863],{"class":87},[47,160516,1419],{"class":83},[47,160518,160519,160521,160523,160525],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,160520,98],{"class":97},[47,160522,101],{"class":83},[47,160524,1863],{"class":87},[47,160526,107],{"class":83},[47,160528,160529,160531,160533,160535,160537,160539],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,160530,98],{"class":97},[47,160532,101],{"class":83},[47,160534,41182],{"class":97},[47,160536,101],{"class":83},[47,160538,1863],{"class":87},[47,160540,1419],{"class":83},[47,160542,160543,160545,160547,160549],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,160544,31558],{"class":97},[47,160546,101],{"class":83},[47,160548,2613],{"class":919},[47,160550,107],{"class":83},[47,160552,160553,160555,160557,160559],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,160554,33778],{"class":97},[47,160556,101],{"class":83},[47,160558,1863],{"class":87},[47,160560,107],{"class":83},[20,160562,160563],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[33,160565,1155],{"id":1154},[724,160567,4540,160569,4543],{"id":160568},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,160570,1690],{},[20,160572,160573,160574,712,160576,712,160578,716,160580,160582,160583,84],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,160575,920],{},[15,160577,890],{},[15,160579,7492],{},[15,160581,8218],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,160584,159045],{},[724,160586,14305,160588,56611,160590,1883],{"id":160587},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,160589,1690],{},[15,160591,44209],{},[20,160593,45769,160594,160596,160597,160599],{},[15,160595,1690],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,160598,44209],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[724,160601,4556,160603,160606,160607,1883],{"id":160602},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,160604,160605],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,160608,920],{},[20,160610,28465,160611,160613,160614,158,160616,159707],{},[15,160612,2346],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,160615,2266],{},[15,160617,2272],{},[724,160619,4568,160621,160623],{"id":160620},"can-type-create-classes",[15,160622,1690],{}," create classes?",[20,160625,160626,160627,84],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,160628,160629],{},"type(object)",[33,160631,1275],{"id":1274},[133,160633,160634,160638,160644,160650,160654,160660,160666],{},[136,160635,160636],{},[154,160637,44201],{"href":48382},[136,160639,160640],{},[154,160641,2968,160642,2901],{"href":159886},[15,160643,44209],{},[136,160645,160646],{},[154,160647,2968,160648,2901],{"href":7617},[15,160649,2346],{},[136,160651,160652],{},[154,160653,8455],{"href":8377},[136,160655,160656],{},[154,160657,2968,160658,2901],{"href":2263},[15,160659,2266],{},[136,160661,160662],{},[154,160663,2968,160664,2901],{"href":2269},[15,160665,2272],{},[136,160667,160668],{},[154,160669,2968,160670,2901],{"href":41578},[15,160671,47088],{},[1320,160673,160674],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":160676},[160677,160678,160680,160681,160682,160684,160686,160688,160690,160697,160698,160708],{"id":3001,"depth":72,"text":3002},{"id":159051,"depth":72,"text":160679},"What the type() function does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":121283,"depth":72,"text":121284},{"id":159409,"depth":72,"text":160683},"Using type() with variables",{"id":159715,"depth":72,"text":160685},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":159891,"depth":72,"text":160687},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160041,"depth":72,"text":160689},"When to use type()",{"id":24760,"depth":72,"text":24761,"children":160691},[160692,160694,160696],{"id":160190,"depth":94,"text":160693},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160250,"depth":94,"text":160695},"input() returns str",{"id":160306,"depth":94,"text":160307},{"id":721,"depth":72,"text":722},{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":160699},[160700,160702,160704,160706],{"id":160568,"depth":94,"text":160701},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":160587,"depth":94,"text":160703},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":160602,"depth":94,"text":160705},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":160620,"depth":94,"text":160707},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":158885,"description":160709},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":160715,"title":160716,"body":160717,"description":163196,"extension":1354,"meta":163197,"navigation":311,"path":163198,"seo":163199,"stem":163200,"__hash__":163201},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":160718,"toc":163153},[160719,160724,160729,160738,160740,160840,160842,160867,160872,160877,160893,160896,160898,160900,160925,160928,160931,161014,161016,161065,161068,161190,161192,161265,161269,161272,161386,161388,161414,161416,161437,161442,161446,161451,161454,161558,161560,161577,161586,161589,161676,161678,161689,161694,161700,161705,161711,161714,161807,161809,161858,161864,161867,161968,161970,162023,162028,162032,162035,162134,162136,162175,162178,162183,162185,162190,162194,162307,162311,162408,162412,162500,162502,162519,162523,162646,162652,162658,162664,162669,162672,162699,162703,162705,162799,162802,162806,162809,162896,162899,162934,162936,162973,162976,162984,162989,162994,163068,163075,163077,163082,163085,163091,163094,163100,163105,163111,163116,163120,163123,163125,163150],[10,160720,2968,160722,2972],{"id":160721},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,160723,63725],{},[20,160725,160726,160728],{},[15,160727,63725],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,160730,160731,160732,160734,160735,160737],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,160733,63725],{}," inside a ",[15,160736,5359],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[33,160739,36],{"id":35},[38,160741,160743],{"className":40,"code":160742,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,160744,160745,160777,160797,160801,160826],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160746,160747,160749,160751,160753,160755,160757,160759,160761,160763,160765,160767,160769,160771,160773,160775],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160748,4392],{"class":53},[47,160750,58],{"class":57},[47,160752,3017],{"class":83},[47,160754,253],{"class":61},[47,160756,12280],{"class":65},[47,160758,253],{"class":61},[47,160760,590],{"class":83},[47,160762,62],{"class":61},[47,160764,35345],{"class":65},[47,160766,253],{"class":61},[47,160768,590],{"class":83},[47,160770,62],{"class":61},[47,160772,35354],{"class":65},[47,160774,253],{"class":61},[47,160776,3030],{"class":83},[47,160778,160779,160781,160783,160785,160787,160789,160791,160793,160795],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,160780,4461],{"class":53},[47,160782,58],{"class":57},[47,160784,3017],{"class":83},[47,160786,12903],{"class":586},[47,160788,590],{"class":83},[47,160790,12908],{"class":586},[47,160792,590],{"class":83},[47,160794,28324],{"class":586},[47,160796,3030],{"class":83},[47,160798,160799],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,160800,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,160802,160803,160805,160807,160809,160811,160813,160816,160818,160820,160822,160824],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,160804,5359],{"class":655},[47,160806,478],{"class":53},[47,160808,590],{"class":83},[47,160810,4503],{"class":53},[47,160812,3278],{"class":655},[47,160814,160815],{"class":97}," zip",[47,160817,101],{"class":83},[47,160819,4436],{"class":87},[47,160821,590],{"class":83},[47,160823,4508],{"class":87},[47,160825,7740],{"class":83},[47,160827,160828,160830,160832,160834,160836,160838],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,160829,684],{"class":97},[47,160831,101],{"class":83},[47,160833,229],{"class":87},[47,160835,590],{"class":83},[47,160837,130244],{"class":87},[47,160839,107],{"class":83},[20,160841,338],{},[38,160843,160845],{"className":40,"code":160844,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,160846,160847,160853,160860],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160848,160849,160851],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160850,133262],{"class":53},[47,160852,32542],{"class":586},[47,160854,160855,160858],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,160856,160857],{"class":53},"Ben ",[47,160859,32547],{"class":586},[47,160861,160862,160865],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,160863,160864],{"class":53},"Cara ",[47,160866,32552],{"class":586},[20,160868,1486,160869,160871],{},[15,160870,63725],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[33,160873,128,160875,131],{"id":160874},"what-zip-does",[15,160876,63725],{},[133,160878,160879,160884,160887,160890],{},[136,160880,160881,160883],{},[15,160882,63725],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[136,160885,160886],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[136,160888,160889],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[136,160891,160892],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,160894,160895],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[33,160897,166],{"id":165},[20,160899,6617],{},[38,160901,160903],{"className":40,"code":160902,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,160904,160905],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160906,160907,160909,160911,160914,160916,160919,160921,160923],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160908,63795],{"class":97},[47,160910,101],{"class":83},[47,160912,160913],{"class":87},"iterable1",[47,160915,590],{"class":83},[47,160917,160918],{"class":87}," iterable2",[47,160920,590],{"class":83},[47,160922,33859],{"class":97},[47,160924,107],{"class":83},[20,160926,160927],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,160929,160930],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[38,160932,160934],{"className":40,"code":160933,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,160935,160936,160956,160988,160992],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160937,160938,160940,160942,160944,160946,160948,160950,160952,160954],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160939,3012],{"class":53},[47,160941,58],{"class":57},[47,160943,3017],{"class":83},[47,160945,2377],{"class":586},[47,160947,590],{"class":83},[47,160949,2382],{"class":586},[47,160951,590],{"class":83},[47,160953,1841],{"class":586},[47,160955,3030],{"class":83},[47,160957,160958,160960,160962,160964,160966,160968,160970,160972,160974,160976,160978,160980,160982,160984,160986],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,160959,35494],{"class":53},[47,160961,58],{"class":57},[47,160963,3017],{"class":83},[47,160965,253],{"class":61},[47,160967,154],{"class":65},[47,160969,253],{"class":61},[47,160971,590],{"class":83},[47,160973,62],{"class":61},[47,160975,4158],{"class":65},[47,160977,253],{"class":61},[47,160979,590],{"class":83},[47,160981,62],{"class":61},[47,160983,9138],{"class":65},[47,160985,253],{"class":61},[47,160987,3030],{"class":83},[47,160989,160990],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,160991,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,160993,160994,160996,160998,161000,161002,161004,161006,161008,161010,161012],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,160995,98],{"class":97},[47,160997,101],{"class":83},[47,160999,7492],{"class":919},[47,161001,101],{"class":83},[47,161003,63795],{"class":97},[47,161005,101],{"class":83},[47,161007,3044],{"class":87},[47,161009,590],{"class":83},[47,161011,69502],{"class":87},[47,161013,2300],{"class":83},[20,161015,338],{},[38,161017,161019],{"className":40,"code":161018,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161020,161021],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161022,161023,161025,161027,161029,161031,161033,161035,161037,161039,161041,161043,161045,161047,161049,161051,161053,161055,161057,161059,161061,161063],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161024,21142],{"class":83},[47,161026,2377],{"class":586},[47,161028,590],{"class":83},[47,161030,2688],{"class":61},[47,161032,154],{"class":65},[47,161034,2693],{"class":61},[47,161036,8631],{"class":83},[47,161038,8634],{"class":83},[47,161040,1449],{"class":586},[47,161042,590],{"class":83},[47,161044,2688],{"class":61},[47,161046,4158],{"class":65},[47,161048,2693],{"class":61},[47,161050,8631],{"class":83},[47,161052,8634],{"class":83},[47,161054,1455],{"class":586},[47,161056,590],{"class":83},[47,161058,2688],{"class":61},[47,161060,9138],{"class":65},[47,161062,2693],{"class":61},[47,161064,8647],{"class":83},[20,161066,161067],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[38,161069,161071],{"className":40,"code":161070,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161072,161073,161105,161125,161159,161163],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161074,161075,161077,161079,161081,161083,161085,161087,161089,161091,161093,161095,161097,161099,161101,161103],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161076,4392],{"class":53},[47,161078,58],{"class":57},[47,161080,3017],{"class":83},[47,161082,253],{"class":61},[47,161084,12280],{"class":65},[47,161086,253],{"class":61},[47,161088,590],{"class":83},[47,161090,62],{"class":61},[47,161092,35345],{"class":65},[47,161094,253],{"class":61},[47,161096,590],{"class":83},[47,161098,62],{"class":61},[47,161100,35354],{"class":65},[47,161102,253],{"class":61},[47,161104,3030],{"class":83},[47,161106,161107,161109,161111,161113,161115,161117,161119,161121,161123],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,161108,4461],{"class":53},[47,161110,58],{"class":57},[47,161112,3017],{"class":83},[47,161114,12903],{"class":586},[47,161116,590],{"class":83},[47,161118,12908],{"class":586},[47,161120,590],{"class":83},[47,161122,28324],{"class":586},[47,161124,3030],{"class":83},[47,161126,161127,161130,161132,161134,161136,161138,161140,161142,161144,161146,161148,161150,161152,161155,161157],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,161128,161129],{"class":53},"grades ",[47,161131,58],{"class":57},[47,161133,3017],{"class":83},[47,161135,253],{"class":61},[47,161137,21647],{"class":65},[47,161139,253],{"class":61},[47,161141,590],{"class":83},[47,161143,62],{"class":61},[47,161145,30005],{"class":65},[47,161147,253],{"class":61},[47,161149,590],{"class":83},[47,161151,62],{"class":61},[47,161153,161154],{"class":65},"B+",[47,161156,253],{"class":61},[47,161158,3030],{"class":83},[47,161160,161161],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,161162,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,161164,161165,161167,161169,161171,161173,161175,161177,161179,161181,161183,161185,161188],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,161166,98],{"class":97},[47,161168,101],{"class":83},[47,161170,7492],{"class":919},[47,161172,101],{"class":83},[47,161174,63795],{"class":97},[47,161176,101],{"class":83},[47,161178,4436],{"class":87},[47,161180,590],{"class":83},[47,161182,4508],{"class":87},[47,161184,590],{"class":83},[47,161186,161187],{"class":87}," grades",[47,161189,2300],{"class":83},[20,161191,338],{},[38,161193,161195],{"className":40,"code":161194,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161196,161197],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161198,161199,161201,161203,161205,161207,161209,161211,161213,161215,161217,161219,161221,161223,161225,161227,161229,161231,161233,161235,161237,161239,161241,161243,161245,161247,161249,161251,161253,161255,161257,161259,161261,161263],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161200,21142],{"class":83},[47,161202,2693],{"class":61},[47,161204,12280],{"class":65},[47,161206,2693],{"class":61},[47,161208,590],{"class":83},[47,161210,19300],{"class":586},[47,161212,590],{"class":83},[47,161214,2688],{"class":61},[47,161216,21647],{"class":65},[47,161218,2693],{"class":61},[47,161220,8631],{"class":83},[47,161222,8634],{"class":83},[47,161224,2693],{"class":61},[47,161226,35345],{"class":65},[47,161228,2693],{"class":61},[47,161230,590],{"class":83},[47,161232,12908],{"class":586},[47,161234,590],{"class":83},[47,161236,2688],{"class":61},[47,161238,30005],{"class":65},[47,161240,2693],{"class":61},[47,161242,8631],{"class":83},[47,161244,8634],{"class":83},[47,161246,2693],{"class":61},[47,161248,35354],{"class":65},[47,161250,2693],{"class":61},[47,161252,590],{"class":83},[47,161254,28324],{"class":586},[47,161256,590],{"class":83},[47,161258,2688],{"class":61},[47,161260,161154],{"class":65},[47,161262,2693],{"class":61},[47,161264,8647],{"class":83},[33,161266,161268],{"id":161267},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161270,161271],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[38,161273,161275],{"className":40,"code":161274,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161276,161277,161309,161329,161333,161357],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161278,161279,161281,161283,161285,161287,161289,161291,161293,161295,161297,161299,161301,161303,161305,161307],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161280,4392],{"class":53},[47,161282,58],{"class":57},[47,161284,3017],{"class":83},[47,161286,253],{"class":61},[47,161288,12280],{"class":65},[47,161290,253],{"class":61},[47,161292,590],{"class":83},[47,161294,62],{"class":61},[47,161296,35345],{"class":65},[47,161298,253],{"class":61},[47,161300,590],{"class":83},[47,161302,62],{"class":61},[47,161304,35354],{"class":65},[47,161306,253],{"class":61},[47,161308,3030],{"class":83},[47,161310,161311,161313,161315,161317,161319,161321,161323,161325,161327],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,161312,4461],{"class":53},[47,161314,58],{"class":57},[47,161316,3017],{"class":83},[47,161318,12903],{"class":586},[47,161320,590],{"class":83},[47,161322,12908],{"class":586},[47,161324,590],{"class":83},[47,161326,28324],{"class":586},[47,161328,3030],{"class":83},[47,161330,161331],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,161332,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,161334,161335,161337,161339,161341,161343,161345,161347,161349,161351,161353,161355],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,161336,5359],{"class":655},[47,161338,478],{"class":53},[47,161340,590],{"class":83},[47,161342,4503],{"class":53},[47,161344,3278],{"class":655},[47,161346,160815],{"class":97},[47,161348,101],{"class":83},[47,161350,4436],{"class":87},[47,161352,590],{"class":83},[47,161354,4508],{"class":87},[47,161356,7740],{"class":83},[47,161358,161359,161361,161363,161365,161367,161369,161371,161373,161376,161378,161380,161382,161384],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,161360,684],{"class":97},[47,161362,101],{"class":83},[47,161364,21696],{"class":1458},[47,161366,253],{"class":65},[47,161368,8676],{"class":586},[47,161370,229],{"class":87},[47,161372,21705],{"class":586},[47,161374,161375],{"class":65}," scored ",[47,161377,8676],{"class":586},[47,161379,84924],{"class":87},[47,161381,21705],{"class":586},[47,161383,253],{"class":65},[47,161385,107],{"class":83},[20,161387,338],{},[38,161389,161391],{"className":40,"code":161390,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,161392,161393,161400,161407],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161394,161395,161398],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161396,161397],{"class":53},"Ana scored ",[47,161399,32542],{"class":586},[47,161401,161402,161405],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,161403,161404],{"class":53},"Ben scored ",[47,161406,32547],{"class":586},[47,161408,161409,161412],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,161410,161411],{"class":53},"Cara scored ",[47,161413,32552],{"class":586},[20,161415,44334],{},[133,161417,161418,161427,161430],{},[136,161419,161420,161423,161424],{},[15,161421,161422],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,161425,161426],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[136,161428,161429],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[136,161431,161432,1063,161434,161436],{},[15,161433,229],{},[15,161435,84924],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,161438,161439,161440,84],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[154,161441,69019],{"href":69018},[33,161443,161445],{"id":161444},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,161447,161448,161450],{},[15,161449,63725],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,161452,161453],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[38,161455,161457],{"className":40,"code":161456,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161458,161459,161500,161516,161520,161544],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161460,161461,161463,161465,161467,161469,161471,161473,161475,161477,161479,161481,161483,161485,161487,161489,161491,161493,161496,161498],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161462,4392],{"class":53},[47,161464,58],{"class":57},[47,161466,3017],{"class":83},[47,161468,253],{"class":61},[47,161470,12280],{"class":65},[47,161472,253],{"class":61},[47,161474,590],{"class":83},[47,161476,62],{"class":61},[47,161478,35345],{"class":65},[47,161480,253],{"class":61},[47,161482,590],{"class":83},[47,161484,62],{"class":61},[47,161486,35354],{"class":65},[47,161488,253],{"class":61},[47,161490,590],{"class":83},[47,161492,62],{"class":61},[47,161494,161495],{"class":65},"Dan",[47,161497,253],{"class":61},[47,161499,3030],{"class":83},[47,161501,161502,161504,161506,161508,161510,161512,161514],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,161503,4461],{"class":53},[47,161505,58],{"class":57},[47,161507,3017],{"class":83},[47,161509,12903],{"class":586},[47,161511,590],{"class":83},[47,161513,12908],{"class":586},[47,161515,3030],{"class":83},[47,161517,161518],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,161519,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,161521,161522,161524,161526,161528,161530,161532,161534,161536,161538,161540,161542],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,161523,5359],{"class":655},[47,161525,478],{"class":53},[47,161527,590],{"class":83},[47,161529,4503],{"class":53},[47,161531,3278],{"class":655},[47,161533,160815],{"class":97},[47,161535,101],{"class":83},[47,161537,4436],{"class":87},[47,161539,590],{"class":83},[47,161541,4508],{"class":87},[47,161543,7740],{"class":83},[47,161545,161546,161548,161550,161552,161554,161556],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,161547,684],{"class":97},[47,161549,101],{"class":83},[47,161551,229],{"class":87},[47,161553,590],{"class":83},[47,161555,130244],{"class":87},[47,161557,107],{"class":83},[20,161559,338],{},[38,161561,161563],{"className":40,"code":161562,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,161564,161565,161571],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161566,161567,161569],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161568,133262],{"class":53},[47,161570,32542],{"class":586},[47,161572,161573,161575],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,161574,160857],{"class":53},[47,161576,32547],{"class":586},[20,161578,1674,161579,1063,161582,161585],{},[15,161580,161581],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,161583,161584],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,161587,161588],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[38,161590,161592],{"className":40,"code":161591,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,161593,161594,161634,161650,161654],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161595,161596,161598,161600,161602,161604,161606,161608,161610,161612,161614,161616,161618,161620,161622,161624,161626,161628,161630,161632],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161597,4392],{"class":53},[47,161599,58],{"class":57},[47,161601,3017],{"class":83},[47,161603,253],{"class":61},[47,161605,12280],{"class":65},[47,161607,253],{"class":61},[47,161609,590],{"class":83},[47,161611,62],{"class":61},[47,161613,35345],{"class":65},[47,161615,253],{"class":61},[47,161617,590],{"class":83},[47,161619,62],{"class":61},[47,161621,35354],{"class":65},[47,161623,253],{"class":61},[47,161625,590],{"class":83},[47,161627,62],{"class":61},[47,161629,161495],{"class":65},[47,161631,253],{"class":61},[47,161633,3030],{"class":83},[47,161635,161636,161638,161640,161642,161644,161646,161648],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,161637,4461],{"class":53},[47,161639,58],{"class":57},[47,161641,3017],{"class":83},[47,161643,12903],{"class":586},[47,161645,590],{"class":83},[47,161647,12908],{"class":586},[47,161649,3030],{"class":83},[47,161651,161652],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,161653,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,161655,161656,161658,161660,161662,161664,161666,161668,161670,161672,161674],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,161657,98],{"class":97},[47,161659,101],{"class":83},[47,161661,10562],{"class":97},[47,161663,101],{"class":83},[47,161665,4436],{"class":87},[47,161667,8631],{"class":83},[47,161669,37790],{"class":97},[47,161671,101],{"class":83},[47,161673,15792],{"class":87},[47,161675,1419],{"class":83},[20,161677,338],{},[38,161679,161681],{"className":40,"code":161680,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"4 2\n",[15,161682,161683],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161684,161685,161687],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161686,1896],{"class":586},[47,161688,44993],{"class":586},[20,161690,161691,161692,84],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,161693,63725],{},[33,161695,91513,161697,161699],{"id":161696},"converting-zip-output",[15,161698,63725],{}," output",[20,161701,28465,161702,161704],{},[15,161703,63725],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[724,161706,1486,161708],{"id":161707},"use-listzip",[15,161709,161710],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,161712,161713],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[38,161715,161717],{"className":40,"code":161716,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,161718,161719,161751,161771,161775,161797],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161720,161721,161723,161725,161727,161729,161731,161733,161735,161737,161739,161741,161743,161745,161747,161749],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161722,4392],{"class":53},[47,161724,58],{"class":57},[47,161726,3017],{"class":83},[47,161728,253],{"class":61},[47,161730,12280],{"class":65},[47,161732,253],{"class":61},[47,161734,590],{"class":83},[47,161736,62],{"class":61},[47,161738,35345],{"class":65},[47,161740,253],{"class":61},[47,161742,590],{"class":83},[47,161744,62],{"class":61},[47,161746,35354],{"class":65},[47,161748,253],{"class":61},[47,161750,3030],{"class":83},[47,161752,161753,161755,161757,161759,161761,161763,161765,161767,161769],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,161754,4461],{"class":53},[47,161756,58],{"class":57},[47,161758,3017],{"class":83},[47,161760,12903],{"class":586},[47,161762,590],{"class":83},[47,161764,12908],{"class":586},[47,161766,590],{"class":83},[47,161768,28324],{"class":586},[47,161770,3030],{"class":83},[47,161772,161773],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,161774,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,161776,161777,161779,161781,161783,161785,161787,161789,161791,161793,161795],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,161778,8613],{"class":53},[47,161780,58],{"class":57},[47,161782,21962],{"class":919},[47,161784,101],{"class":83},[47,161786,63795],{"class":97},[47,161788,101],{"class":83},[47,161790,4436],{"class":87},[47,161792,590],{"class":83},[47,161794,4508],{"class":87},[47,161796,1419],{"class":83},[47,161798,161799,161801,161803,161805],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,161800,98],{"class":97},[47,161802,101],{"class":83},[47,161804,8660],{"class":87},[47,161806,107],{"class":83},[20,161808,338],{},[38,161810,161812],{"className":40,"code":161811,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,161813,161814],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161815,161816,161818,161820,161822,161824,161826,161828,161830,161832,161834,161836,161838,161840,161842,161844,161846,161848,161850,161852,161854,161856],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161817,21142],{"class":83},[47,161819,2693],{"class":61},[47,161821,12280],{"class":65},[47,161823,2693],{"class":61},[47,161825,590],{"class":83},[47,161827,19300],{"class":586},[47,161829,8631],{"class":83},[47,161831,8634],{"class":83},[47,161833,2693],{"class":61},[47,161835,35345],{"class":65},[47,161837,2693],{"class":61},[47,161839,590],{"class":83},[47,161841,12908],{"class":586},[47,161843,8631],{"class":83},[47,161845,8634],{"class":83},[47,161847,2693],{"class":61},[47,161849,35354],{"class":65},[47,161851,2693],{"class":61},[47,161853,590],{"class":83},[47,161855,28324],{"class":586},[47,161857,8647],{"class":83},[724,161859,1486,161861],{"id":161860},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,161862,161863],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,161865,161866],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[38,161868,161870],{"className":40,"code":161869,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,161871,161872,161904,161932,161936,161958],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161873,161874,161876,161878,161880,161882,161884,161886,161888,161890,161892,161894,161896,161898,161900,161902],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161875,16644],{"class":53},[47,161877,58],{"class":57},[47,161879,3017],{"class":83},[47,161881,253],{"class":61},[47,161883,229],{"class":65},[47,161885,253],{"class":61},[47,161887,590],{"class":83},[47,161889,62],{"class":61},[47,161891,8697],{"class":65},[47,161893,253],{"class":61},[47,161895,590],{"class":83},[47,161897,62],{"class":61},[47,161899,9808],{"class":65},[47,161901,253],{"class":61},[47,161903,3030],{"class":83},[47,161905,161906,161908,161910,161912,161914,161916,161918,161920,161922,161924,161926,161928,161930],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,161907,3219],{"class":53},[47,161909,58],{"class":57},[47,161911,3017],{"class":83},[47,161913,253],{"class":61},[47,161915,12280],{"class":65},[47,161917,253],{"class":61},[47,161919,590],{"class":83},[47,161921,8704],{"class":586},[47,161923,590],{"class":83},[47,161925,62],{"class":61},[47,161927,15434],{"class":65},[47,161929,253],{"class":61},[47,161931,3030],{"class":83},[47,161933,161934],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,161935,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,161937,161938,161940,161942,161944,161946,161948,161950,161952,161954,161956],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,161939,12605],{"class":53},[47,161941,58],{"class":57},[47,161943,8568],{"class":919},[47,161945,101],{"class":83},[47,161947,63795],{"class":97},[47,161949,101],{"class":83},[47,161951,16325],{"class":87},[47,161953,590],{"class":83},[47,161955,3281],{"class":87},[47,161957,1419],{"class":83},[47,161959,161960,161962,161964,161966],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,161961,98],{"class":97},[47,161963,101],{"class":83},[47,161965,16709],{"class":87},[47,161967,107],{"class":83},[20,161969,338],{},[38,161971,161973],{"className":40,"code":161972,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,161974,161975],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161976,161977,161979,161981,161983,161985,161987,161989,161991,161993,161995,161997,161999,162001,162003,162005,162007,162009,162011,162013,162015,162017,162019,162021],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161978,8676],{"class":83},[47,161980,2693],{"class":61},[47,161982,229],{"class":65},[47,161984,2693],{"class":61},[47,161986,1032],{"class":83},[47,161988,2688],{"class":61},[47,161990,12280],{"class":65},[47,161992,2693],{"class":61},[47,161994,590],{"class":83},[47,161996,2688],{"class":61},[47,161998,8697],{"class":65},[47,162000,2693],{"class":61},[47,162002,1032],{"class":83},[47,162004,8704],{"class":586},[47,162006,590],{"class":83},[47,162008,2688],{"class":61},[47,162010,9808],{"class":65},[47,162012,2693],{"class":61},[47,162014,1032],{"class":83},[47,162016,2688],{"class":61},[47,162018,15434],{"class":65},[47,162020,2693],{"class":61},[47,162022,8707],{"class":83},[20,162024,162025,162026,84],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[154,162027,30492],{"href":30491},[724,162029,162031],{"id":162030},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162033,162034],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[38,162036,162038],{"className":40,"code":162037,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162039,162040,162064,162080,162084,162102,162106,162120],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162041,162042,162044,162046,162048,162050,162052,162054,162056,162058,162060,162062],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162043,4392],{"class":53},[47,162045,58],{"class":57},[47,162047,3017],{"class":83},[47,162049,253],{"class":61},[47,162051,12280],{"class":65},[47,162053,253],{"class":61},[47,162055,590],{"class":83},[47,162057,62],{"class":61},[47,162059,35345],{"class":65},[47,162061,253],{"class":61},[47,162063,3030],{"class":83},[47,162065,162066,162068,162070,162072,162074,162076,162078],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,162067,4461],{"class":53},[47,162069,58],{"class":57},[47,162071,3017],{"class":83},[47,162073,12903],{"class":586},[47,162075,590],{"class":83},[47,162077,12908],{"class":586},[47,162079,3030],{"class":83},[47,162081,162082],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,162083,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,162085,162086,162088,162090,162092,162094,162096,162098,162100],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,162087,8613],{"class":53},[47,162089,58],{"class":57},[47,162091,160815],{"class":97},[47,162093,101],{"class":83},[47,162095,4436],{"class":87},[47,162097,590],{"class":83},[47,162099,4508],{"class":87},[47,162101,107],{"class":83},[47,162103,162104],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,162105,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,162107,162108,162110,162112,162114,162116,162118],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,162109,98],{"class":97},[47,162111,101],{"class":83},[47,162113,7492],{"class":919},[47,162115,101],{"class":83},[47,162117,8660],{"class":87},[47,162119,1419],{"class":83},[47,162121,162122,162124,162126,162128,162130,162132],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,162123,98],{"class":97},[47,162125,101],{"class":83},[47,162127,7492],{"class":919},[47,162129,101],{"class":83},[47,162131,8660],{"class":87},[47,162133,1419],{"class":83},[20,162135,338],{},[38,162137,162139],{"className":40,"code":162138,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162140,162141,162171],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162142,162143,162145,162147,162149,162151,162153,162155,162157,162159,162161,162163,162165,162167,162169],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162144,21142],{"class":83},[47,162146,2693],{"class":61},[47,162148,12280],{"class":65},[47,162150,2693],{"class":61},[47,162152,590],{"class":83},[47,162154,19300],{"class":586},[47,162156,8631],{"class":83},[47,162158,8634],{"class":83},[47,162160,2693],{"class":61},[47,162162,35345],{"class":65},[47,162164,2693],{"class":61},[47,162166,590],{"class":83},[47,162168,12908],{"class":586},[47,162170,8647],{"class":83},[47,162172,162173],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,162174,37702],{"class":83},[20,162176,162177],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162179,162180,162181,84],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[154,162182,4534],{"href":4987},[33,162184,40449],{"id":40448},[20,162186,162187,162188,84],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162189,63725],{},[724,162191,162193],{"id":162192},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[38,162195,162197],{"className":40,"code":162196,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162198,162199,162231,162251,162255,162279],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162200,162201,162203,162205,162207,162209,162211,162213,162215,162217,162219,162221,162223,162225,162227,162229],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162202,4392],{"class":53},[47,162204,58],{"class":57},[47,162206,3017],{"class":83},[47,162208,253],{"class":61},[47,162210,12280],{"class":65},[47,162212,253],{"class":61},[47,162214,590],{"class":83},[47,162216,62],{"class":61},[47,162218,35345],{"class":65},[47,162220,253],{"class":61},[47,162222,590],{"class":83},[47,162224,62],{"class":61},[47,162226,35354],{"class":65},[47,162228,253],{"class":61},[47,162230,3030],{"class":83},[47,162232,162233,162235,162237,162239,162241,162243,162245,162247,162249],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,162234,4461],{"class":53},[47,162236,58],{"class":57},[47,162238,3017],{"class":83},[47,162240,12903],{"class":586},[47,162242,590],{"class":83},[47,162244,12908],{"class":586},[47,162246,590],{"class":83},[47,162248,28324],{"class":586},[47,162250,3030],{"class":83},[47,162252,162253],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,162254,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,162256,162257,162259,162261,162263,162265,162267,162269,162271,162273,162275,162277],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,162258,5359],{"class":655},[47,162260,478],{"class":53},[47,162262,590],{"class":83},[47,162264,4503],{"class":53},[47,162266,3278],{"class":655},[47,162268,160815],{"class":97},[47,162270,101],{"class":83},[47,162272,4436],{"class":87},[47,162274,590],{"class":83},[47,162276,4508],{"class":87},[47,162278,7740],{"class":83},[47,162280,162281,162283,162285,162287,162289,162291,162293,162295,162297,162299,162301,162303,162305],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,162282,684],{"class":97},[47,162284,101],{"class":83},[47,162286,21696],{"class":1458},[47,162288,253],{"class":65},[47,162290,8676],{"class":586},[47,162292,229],{"class":87},[47,162294,21705],{"class":586},[47,162296,21708],{"class":65},[47,162298,8676],{"class":586},[47,162300,84924],{"class":87},[47,162302,21705],{"class":586},[47,162304,253],{"class":65},[47,162306,107],{"class":83},[724,162308,162310],{"id":162309},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[38,162312,162314],{"className":40,"code":162313,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162315,162316,162348,162372,162376,162398],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162317,162318,162320,162322,162324,162326,162328,162330,162332,162334,162336,162338,162340,162342,162344,162346],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162319,16644],{"class":53},[47,162321,58],{"class":57},[47,162323,3017],{"class":83},[47,162325,253],{"class":61},[47,162327,12049],{"class":65},[47,162329,253],{"class":61},[47,162331,590],{"class":83},[47,162333,62],{"class":61},[47,162335,229],{"class":65},[47,162337,253],{"class":61},[47,162339,590],{"class":83},[47,162341,62],{"class":61},[47,162343,15224],{"class":65},[47,162345,253],{"class":61},[47,162347,3030],{"class":83},[47,162349,162350,162352,162354,162356,162358,162360,162362,162364,162366,162368,162370],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,162351,3219],{"class":53},[47,162353,58],{"class":57},[47,162355,3017],{"class":83},[47,162357,45996],{"class":586},[47,162359,590],{"class":83},[47,162361,62],{"class":61},[47,162363,12280],{"class":65},[47,162365,253],{"class":61},[47,162367,590],{"class":83},[47,162369,3312],{"class":1271},[47,162371,3030],{"class":83},[47,162373,162374],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,162375,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,162377,162378,162380,162382,162384,162386,162388,162390,162392,162394,162396],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,162379,8563],{"class":53},[47,162381,58],{"class":57},[47,162383,8568],{"class":919},[47,162385,101],{"class":83},[47,162387,63795],{"class":97},[47,162389,101],{"class":83},[47,162391,16325],{"class":87},[47,162393,590],{"class":83},[47,162395,3281],{"class":87},[47,162397,1419],{"class":83},[47,162399,162400,162402,162404,162406],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,162401,98],{"class":97},[47,162403,101],{"class":83},[47,162405,8602],{"class":87},[47,162407,107],{"class":83},[724,162409,162411],{"id":162410},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[38,162413,162415],{"className":40,"code":162414,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,162416,162417,162437,162457,162461,162486],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162418,162419,162421,162423,162425,162427,162429,162431,162433,162435],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162420,80063],{"class":53},[47,162422,58],{"class":57},[47,162424,3017],{"class":83},[47,162426,1719],{"class":586},[47,162428,590],{"class":83},[47,162430,7189],{"class":586},[47,162432,590],{"class":83},[47,162434,7194],{"class":586},[47,162436,3030],{"class":83},[47,162438,162439,162441,162443,162445,162447,162449,162451,162453,162455],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,162440,80084],{"class":53},[47,162442,58],{"class":57},[47,162444,3017],{"class":83},[47,162446,1719],{"class":586},[47,162448,590],{"class":83},[47,162450,8704],{"class":586},[47,162452,590],{"class":83},[47,162454,7194],{"class":586},[47,162456,3030],{"class":83},[47,162458,162459],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,162460,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,162462,162463,162465,162467,162469,162472,162474,162476,162478,162480,162482,162484],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,162464,5359],{"class":655},[47,162466,56293],{"class":53},[47,162468,590],{"class":83},[47,162470,162471],{"class":53}," b ",[47,162473,3278],{"class":655},[47,162475,160815],{"class":97},[47,162477,101],{"class":83},[47,162479,111149],{"class":87},[47,162481,590],{"class":83},[47,162483,80127],{"class":87},[47,162485,7740],{"class":83},[47,162487,162488,162490,162492,162494,162496,162498],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,162489,684],{"class":97},[47,162491,101],{"class":83},[47,162493,1208],{"class":87},[47,162495,4085],{"class":57},[47,162497,1253],{"class":87},[47,162499,107],{"class":83},[20,162501,338],{},[38,162503,162505],{"className":40,"code":162504,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,162506,162507,162511,162515],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162508,162509],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162510,1264],{"class":1271},[47,162512,162513],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,162514,3436],{"class":1271},[47,162516,162517],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,162518,1264],{"class":1271},[724,162520,162522],{"id":162521},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[38,162524,162526],{"className":40,"code":162525,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,162527,162528,162563,162586,162590,162617],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162529,162530,162533,162535,162537,162539,162541,162543,162545,162547,162550,162552,162554,162556,162559,162561],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162531,162532],{"class":53},"products ",[47,162534,58],{"class":57},[47,162536,3017],{"class":83},[47,162538,253],{"class":61},[47,162540,24544],{"class":65},[47,162542,253],{"class":61},[47,162544,590],{"class":83},[47,162546,62],{"class":61},[47,162548,162549],{"class":65},"Pen",[47,162551,253],{"class":61},[47,162553,590],{"class":83},[47,162555,62],{"class":61},[47,162557,162558],{"class":65},"Bag",[47,162560,253],{"class":61},[47,162562,3030],{"class":83},[47,162564,162565,162567,162569,162571,162574,162576,162579,162581,162584],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,162566,82453],{"class":53},[47,162568,58],{"class":57},[47,162570,3017],{"class":83},[47,162572,162573],{"class":586},"12.5",[47,162575,590],{"class":83},[47,162577,162578],{"class":586}," 1.2",[47,162580,590],{"class":83},[47,162582,162583],{"class":586}," 25.0",[47,162585,3030],{"class":83},[47,162587,162588],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,162589,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,162591,162592,162594,162596,162598,162601,162603,162605,162607,162610,162612,162615],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,162593,5359],{"class":655},[47,162595,24605],{"class":53},[47,162597,590],{"class":83},[47,162599,162600],{"class":53}," price ",[47,162602,3278],{"class":655},[47,162604,160815],{"class":97},[47,162606,101],{"class":83},[47,162608,162609],{"class":87},"products",[47,162611,590],{"class":83},[47,162613,162614],{"class":87}," prices",[47,162616,7740],{"class":83},[47,162618,162619,162621,162623,162625,162627,162629,162631,162633,162636,162638,162640,162642,162644],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,162620,684],{"class":97},[47,162622,101],{"class":83},[47,162624,21696],{"class":1458},[47,162626,253],{"class":65},[47,162628,8676],{"class":586},[47,162630,26413],{"class":87},[47,162632,21705],{"class":586},[47,162634,162635],{"class":65}," costs $",[47,162637,8676],{"class":586},[47,162639,24553],{"class":87},[47,162641,21705],{"class":586},[47,162643,253],{"class":65},[47,162645,107],{"class":83},[20,162647,36006,162648,84],{},[154,162649,162651],{"href":162650},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[33,162653,162655,162656],{"id":162654},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,162657,63725],{},[724,162659,7852,162661,162663],{"id":162660},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,162662,63725],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,162665,162666,162668],{},[15,162667,63725],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162670,162671],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[38,162673,162675],{"className":40,"code":162674,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,162676,162677],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162678,162679,162681,162683,162685,162687,162689,162691,162693,162695,162697],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162680,98],{"class":97},[47,162682,101],{"class":83},[47,162684,10562],{"class":97},[47,162686,101],{"class":83},[47,162688,111149],{"class":87},[47,162690,8631],{"class":83},[47,162692,37790],{"class":97},[47,162694,101],{"class":83},[47,162696,80350],{"class":87},[47,162698,1419],{"class":83},[724,162700,162702],{"id":162701},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,162704,68242],{},[38,162706,162708],{"className":40,"code":162707,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,162709,162710,162746,162750,162763,162773,162777,162789],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162711,162712,162714,162716,162718,162720,162722,162724,162726,162728,162730,162732,162734,162736,162738,162740,162742,162744],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162713,8613],{"class":53},[47,162715,58],{"class":57},[47,162717,160815],{"class":97},[47,162719,2374],{"class":83},[47,162721,2377],{"class":586},[47,162723,590],{"class":83},[47,162725,2382],{"class":586},[47,162727,17464],{"class":83},[47,162729,3017],{"class":83},[47,162731,253],{"class":61},[47,162733,154],{"class":65},[47,162735,253],{"class":61},[47,162737,590],{"class":83},[47,162739,62],{"class":61},[47,162741,4158],{"class":65},[47,162743,253],{"class":61},[47,162745,3284],{"class":83},[47,162747,162748],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,162749,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,162751,162752,162754,162756,162758,162761],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,162753,5359],{"class":655},[47,162755,5362],{"class":53},[47,162757,3278],{"class":655},[47,162759,162760],{"class":53}," pairs",[47,162762,679],{"class":83},[47,162764,162765,162767,162769,162771],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,162766,684],{"class":97},[47,162768,101],{"class":83},[47,162770,22713],{"class":87},[47,162772,107],{"class":83},[47,162774,162775],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,162776,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,162778,162779,162781,162783,162785,162787],{"class":49,"line":1130},[47,162780,5359],{"class":655},[47,162782,5362],{"class":53},[47,162784,3278],{"class":655},[47,162786,162760],{"class":53},[47,162788,679],{"class":83},[47,162790,162791,162793,162795,162797],{"class":49,"line":5814},[47,162792,684],{"class":97},[47,162794,101],{"class":83},[47,162796,22713],{"class":87},[47,162798,107],{"class":83},[20,162800,162801],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[724,162803,162805],{"id":162804},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,162807,162808],{},"This is correct:",[38,162810,162812],{"className":40,"code":162811,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162813,162814,162838,162854,162858,162882],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162815,162816,162818,162820,162822,162824,162826,162828,162830,162832,162834,162836],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162817,4392],{"class":53},[47,162819,58],{"class":57},[47,162821,3017],{"class":83},[47,162823,253],{"class":61},[47,162825,12280],{"class":65},[47,162827,253],{"class":61},[47,162829,590],{"class":83},[47,162831,62],{"class":61},[47,162833,35345],{"class":65},[47,162835,253],{"class":61},[47,162837,3030],{"class":83},[47,162839,162840,162842,162844,162846,162848,162850,162852],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,162841,4461],{"class":53},[47,162843,58],{"class":57},[47,162845,3017],{"class":83},[47,162847,12903],{"class":586},[47,162849,590],{"class":83},[47,162851,12908],{"class":586},[47,162853,3030],{"class":83},[47,162855,162856],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,162857,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,162859,162860,162862,162864,162866,162868,162870,162872,162874,162876,162878,162880],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,162861,5359],{"class":655},[47,162863,478],{"class":53},[47,162865,590],{"class":83},[47,162867,4503],{"class":53},[47,162869,3278],{"class":655},[47,162871,160815],{"class":97},[47,162873,101],{"class":83},[47,162875,4436],{"class":87},[47,162877,590],{"class":83},[47,162879,4508],{"class":87},[47,162881,7740],{"class":83},[47,162883,162884,162886,162888,162890,162892,162894],{"class":49,"line":326},[47,162885,684],{"class":97},[47,162887,101],{"class":83},[47,162889,229],{"class":87},[47,162891,590],{"class":83},[47,162893,130244],{"class":87},[47,162895,107],{"class":83},[20,162897,162898],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[38,162900,162902],{"className":40,"code":162901,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,162903,162904,162924],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162905,162906,162908,162910,162912,162914,162916,162918,162920,162922],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162907,5359],{"class":655},[47,162909,5362],{"class":53},[47,162911,3278],{"class":655},[47,162913,160815],{"class":97},[47,162915,101],{"class":83},[47,162917,4436],{"class":87},[47,162919,590],{"class":83},[47,162921,4508],{"class":87},[47,162923,7740],{"class":83},[47,162925,162926,162928,162930,162932],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,162927,684],{"class":97},[47,162929,101],{"class":83},[47,162931,22713],{"class":87},[47,162933,107],{"class":83},[20,162935,338],{},[38,162937,162939],{"className":40,"code":162938,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,162940,162941,162957],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162942,162943,162945,162947,162949,162951,162953,162955],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162944,101],{"class":83},[47,162946,2693],{"class":61},[47,162948,12280],{"class":65},[47,162950,2693],{"class":61},[47,162952,590],{"class":83},[47,162954,19300],{"class":586},[47,162956,107],{"class":83},[47,162958,162959,162961,162963,162965,162967,162969,162971],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,162960,101],{"class":83},[47,162962,2693],{"class":61},[47,162964,35345],{"class":65},[47,162966,2693],{"class":61},[47,162968,590],{"class":83},[47,162970,12908],{"class":586},[47,162972,107],{"class":83},[20,162974,162975],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[724,162977,7816,162979,162981,162982],{"id":162978},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,162980,63725],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,162983,35153],{},[20,162985,1486,162986,162988],{},[15,162987,63725],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,162990,1486,162991,162993],{},[15,162992,35153],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[38,162995,162996],{"className":40,"code":35322,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,162997,162998,163030,163034,163054],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162999,163000,163002,163004,163006,163008,163010,163012,163014,163016,163018,163020,163022,163024,163026,163028],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163001,4392],{"class":53},[47,163003,58],{"class":57},[47,163005,3017],{"class":83},[47,163007,253],{"class":61},[47,163009,12280],{"class":65},[47,163011,253],{"class":61},[47,163013,590],{"class":83},[47,163015,62],{"class":61},[47,163017,35345],{"class":65},[47,163019,253],{"class":61},[47,163021,590],{"class":83},[47,163023,62],{"class":61},[47,163025,35354],{"class":65},[47,163027,253],{"class":61},[47,163029,3030],{"class":83},[47,163031,163032],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,163033,312],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":311},[47,163035,163036,163038,163040,163042,163044,163046,163048,163050,163052],{"class":49,"line":94},[47,163037,5359],{"class":655},[47,163039,35225],{"class":53},[47,163041,590],{"class":83},[47,163043,35373],{"class":53},[47,163045,3278],{"class":655},[47,163047,35235],{"class":97},[47,163049,101],{"class":83},[47,163051,4436],{"class":87},[47,163053,7740],{"class":83},[47,163055,163056,163058,163060,163062,163064,163066],{"class":49,"line":110},[47,163057,684],{"class":97},[47,163059,101],{"class":83},[47,163061,35250],{"class":87},[47,163063,590],{"class":83},[47,163065,478],{"class":87},[47,163067,107],{"class":83},[20,163069,163070,163071,84],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[154,163072,2968,163073,2901],{"href":91425},[15,163074,35153],{},[33,163076,1155],{"id":1154},[724,163078,4540,163080,4543],{"id":163079},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163081,63725],{},[20,163083,163084],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[724,163086,1159,163088,163090],{"id":163087},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163089,63725],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163092,163093],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[724,163095,163097,163098,1883],{"id":163096},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163099,63725],{},[20,163101,163102,163103,84],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163104,161710],{},[724,163106,163108,163109,1883],{"id":163107},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163110,63725],{},[20,163112,127612,163113,163115],{},[15,163114,161863],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[724,163117,163119],{"id":163118},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163121,163122],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[33,163124,1275],{"id":1274},[133,163126,163127,163132,163138,163142,163146],{},[136,163128,163129],{},[154,163130,163131],{"href":162650},"How to use zip in Python",[136,163133,163134],{},[154,163135,2968,163136,2901],{"href":91425},[15,163137,35153],{},[136,163139,163140],{},[154,163141,4615],{"href":4987},[136,163143,163144],{},[154,163145,69095],{"href":69018},[136,163147,163148],{},[154,163149,31666],{"href":30491},[1320,163151,163152],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":163154},[163155,163156,163158,163159,163160,163161,163169,163175,163184,163195],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":160874,"depth":72,"text":163157},"What zip() does",{"id":165,"depth":72,"text":166},{"id":161267,"depth":72,"text":161268},{"id":161444,"depth":72,"text":161445},{"id":161696,"depth":72,"text":163162,"children":163163},"Converting zip() output",[163164,163166,163168],{"id":161707,"depth":94,"text":163165},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":161860,"depth":94,"text":163167},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162030,"depth":94,"text":162031},{"id":40448,"depth":72,"text":40449,"children":163170},[163171,163172,163173,163174],{"id":162192,"depth":94,"text":162193},{"id":162309,"depth":94,"text":162310},{"id":162410,"depth":94,"text":162411},{"id":162521,"depth":94,"text":162522},{"id":162654,"depth":72,"text":163176,"children":163177},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163178,163180,163181,163182],{"id":162660,"depth":94,"text":163179},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":162701,"depth":94,"text":162702},{"id":162804,"depth":94,"text":162805},{"id":162978,"depth":94,"text":163183},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1154,"depth":72,"text":1155,"children":163185},[163186,163188,163190,163192,163194],{"id":163079,"depth":94,"text":163187},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163087,"depth":94,"text":163189},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163096,"depth":94,"text":163191},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163107,"depth":94,"text":163193},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163118,"depth":94,"text":163119},{"id":1274,"depth":72,"text":1275},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":160716,"description":163196},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776945064972]